unstructuredio/SCORE-Bench · Datasets at Hugging Face

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Curr Pain Headache Rep (2020) 24: 56
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severity, and pain interference [75]. The effects of MORE on pain were statistically mediated by the capacity to reappraise pain as innocuous sensory information, again suggesting that mindfulness training modifies contextual evaluations of nociceptive information. In a second RCT, MORE was evaluated as a prophylactic intervention for long-term opioid-treated chronic pain patients at risk of developing opioid misuse [117•]. Ninety-five patients were randomized to 8 weeks of MORE or to a support group intervention, after which MORE-treated patients reported significantly greater improvements in an array of positive psychological functions and reductions in pain severity and opioid misuse risk than support group patients at 3-month follow-up. The effects of MORE on reducing pain severity were statistically mediated by increases in positive psychological functioning and, most notably, by mindfulness-induced mental states and enhanced capacity to savor positive experiences. These clinical effects parallel recent EEG data from a series of randomized controlled experiments demonstrating that MORE increases neurophysiological responsivity to naturally rewarding, positive stimuli and decreases neurophysiological reactivity to opioid-related cues [118]. However, the underlying neural mechanisms supporting the effect of MORE on reducing pain and opioid misuse remain unknown. While more research is needed to confirm the precise neural mechanisms that modulate these processes, the ability of mindfulness meditation to not only target pain via multiple unique non-opioidergic modulatory pathways but to also mitigate the psychological risks of developing opioid use disease makes it an important candidate for further research.


--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin
Future Directions for Mindfulness-Based Pain Therapies
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The neuroscience of mindfulness-based pain relief is in its infancy, and yet it has already proven capable of expanding the repertoire of known neural modulatory pain pathways and of shedding light on the complex affective and psychosocial components of chronic pain. The vast number of global chronic pain sufferers as well as the health and social risks of opioid use disorder underscores the potential value of developing validated self-administrable mind-body therapies that target pain multidimensionally via several unique neuromodulatory pathways. The great variability within mindfulness meditation techniques as well as the biopsychosocial complexity of chronic pain conditions, however, requires researchers to continue to apply the highest experimental standards to find and fine-tune the clinically relevant tools we need to produce long-lasting improvements in chronic pain management. By altering the meaning, interpretation, and appraisal of nociceptive information on its way to constructing the subjective experience of pain, mindfulness-based approaches may play an
important role in the integrative therapeutic regimens capable of stemming the rising tide of chronic pain.
Funding Information This work was supported by the NIH’s National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) (K99/R00-AT008238; R21-AT007247; R01-AT009693; R21-AT010352, FZ).


--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin
Compliance with Ethical Standards
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title End
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.


--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin
References
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title End
Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as:
• Of importance
•• Of major importance
1. Simon LS. Relieving pain in America: a blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2012;26:197–8.
2. Global pain management market to reach US$60 Billion by 2015, according to a new report by Global Industry Analysts, Inc. [Internet]. Glob. Ind. Anal. Inc. [cited 2020 Apr 8]. Available from: https://www.prweb.com/releases/2011/1/prweb8052240.htm
3. Tsang A, Von Korff M, Lee S, Alonso J, Karam E, Angermeyer MC, et al. Common chronic pain conditions in developed and developing countries: gender and age differences and comorbidity with depression-anxiety disorders. J Pain. 2008;9:883–91.
4. Zimmer Z, Zajacova A. Persistent, consistent, and extensive: the trend of increasing pain prevalence in older Americans. J Gerontol Ser B. 2020;75:436–47.
5. Domenichiello AF, Ramsden CE. The silent epidemic of chronic pain in older adults. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2019;93:284–90.
6. Porter J, Jick H. Addiction rare in patients treated with narcotics. N Engl J Med. 1980;302:123.
7. Volkow ND, Blanco C.The changing opioid crisis: development, challenges and opportunities. Mol Psychiatry. 2020:1–16.
8. Rothstein MA. The opioid crisis and the need for compassion in pain management. Am J Public Health. 2017;107:1253–4.
9. Garland EL, Froeliger B, Zeidan F, Partin K, Howard MO. The downward spiral of chronic pain, prescription opioid misuse, and addiction: cognitive, affective, and neuropsychopharmacologic pathways. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013;37:2597–607.
10. Vowles KE, McEntee ML, Julnes PS, Frohe T, Ney JP, van der Goes DN. Rates of opioid misuse, abuse, and addiction in chronic pain: a systematic review and data synthesis. Pain. 2015;156:569–76.
11. Krebs EE, Gravely A, Nugent S, Jensen AC, DeRonne B, Goldsmith ES, et al. Effect of opioid vs nonopioid medications on pain-related function in patients with chronic back pain or hip or knee osteoarthritis pain: the SPACE randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;319:872–82.


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Springer
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--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Title Begin
Schedule — Short Courses
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--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Table Begin
Sunday, 05 March
08:30 – 12:30 SC105 Modulation Formats and Receiver Concepts for Optical Transmission Systems
SC203 400 Gb/s and Beyond Optical Communication Systems, Design and Design Trade-offs
SC208 Optical Fiber Design for Telecommunications and Specialty Applications
SC328 Standards for High-Speed Optical Networking
SC395 Modeling and Simulation of Optical Transmitter and Receiver Components for Coherent Communications
SC432 Hands on: Silicon Photonics Component Design & Fabrication
SC443 Optical AmplifiersFrom Fundamental Principles to Technology Trends
SC461 High-capacity Data Center Interconnects for Cloud-scale Networking
SC463 Optical Transport SDNArchitectures, Applications, and Actual Implementations
SC469 Hands on: Laboratory Automation and Control Using Python (Beginner)
SC470 Secure Optical Communications
09:00 – 12:00 SC177 High-speed Semiconductor Lasers and Modulators
SC216 An Introduction to Optical Network Design and Planning
SC444 Optical Communication Technologies for 5G and F5GSC105 - Modulation Formats and Receiver Concepts for Optical Transmission Systems
13:00 – 16:00 SC447 The Life Cycle of an Optical NetworkFrom Planning to Decommissioning
SC512 NEW: Modern Subsea Cable Systems
13:00 – 17:00 SC267 Silicon MicrophotonicsTechnology Elements and the Roadmap to Implementation
SC384 Background Concepts of Optical Communication Systems
SC514 NEW: FEC Techniques for Optical Communications
Monday, 06 March
08:30 – 12:30 SC102 WDM in Long-Haul Transmission Systems
SC160 Microwave Photonics
SC341 Sub-carrier Modulation and Superchannels for Terabit-class DWDM Transceivers
SC369 Test and Measurement for Signals with Complex Optical Modulation
--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Table End




--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Table Begin
Monday, 06 March (continued)
SC433 Introduction to Photodetectors and Optical Receivers
SC448 Evolving Software Defined Optical NetworkArchitecture and Design Principles
08:30 – 12:30 SC452 FPGA Prototyping for Optical Subsystems
SC453A Hands on: Fiber Optic Handling, Measurements, and Component Testing

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header Begin

56

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Number Block Begin

Page 6 of 10

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Number Block End

Curr Pain Headache Rep (2020) 24: 56

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Header End

severity, and pain interference [75]. The effects of MORE on pain were statistically mediated by the capacity to reappraise pain as innocuous sensory information, again suggesting that mindfulness training modifies contextual evaluations of nociceptive information. In a second RCT, MORE was evaluated as a prophylactic intervention for long-term opioid-treated chronic pain patients at risk of developing opioid misuse [117•]. Ninety-five patients were randomized to 8 weeks of MORE or to a support group intervention, after which MORE-treated patients reported significantly greater improvements in an array of positive psychological functions and reductions in pain severity and opioid misuse risk than support group patients at 3-month follow-up. The effects of MORE on reducing pain severity were statistically mediated by increases in positive psychological functioning and, most notably, by mindfulness-induced mental states and enhanced capacity to savor positive experiences. These clinical effects parallel recent EEG data from a series of randomized controlled experiments demonstrating that MORE increases neurophysiological responsivity to naturally rewarding, positive stimuli and decreases neurophysiological reactivity to opioid-related cues [118]. However, the underlying neural mechanisms supporting the effect of MORE on reducing pain and opioid misuse remain unknown. While more research is needed to confirm the precise neural mechanisms that modulate these processes, the ability of mindfulness meditation to not only target pain via multiple unique non-opioidergic modulatory pathways but to also mitigate the psychological risks of developing opioid use disease makes it an important candidate for further research.

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin

Future Directions for Mindfulness-Based Pain Therapies

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title End

The neuroscience of mindfulness-based pain relief is in its infancy, and yet it has already proven capable of expanding the repertoire of known neural modulatory pain pathways and of shedding light on the complex affective and psychosocial components of chronic pain. The vast number of global chronic pain sufferers as well as the health and social risks of opioid use disorder underscores the potential value of developing validated self-administrable mind-body therapies that target pain multidimensionally via several unique neuromodulatory pathways. The great variability within mindfulness meditation techniques as well as the biopsychosocial complexity of chronic pain conditions, however, requires researchers to continue to apply the highest experimental standards to find and fine-tune the clinically relevant tools we need to produce long-lasting improvements in chronic pain management. By altering the meaning, interpretation, and appraisal of nociceptive information on its way to constructing the subjective experience of pain, mindfulness-based approaches may play an

important role in the integrative therapeutic regimens capable of stemming the rising tide of chronic pain.

Funding Information This work was supported by the NIH’s National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) (K99/R00-AT008238; R21-AT007247; R01-AT009693; R21-AT010352, FZ).

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin

Compliance with Ethical Standards

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title End

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title Begin

References

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Sub-Title End

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as:

• Of importance

•• Of major importance

1. Simon LS. Relieving pain in America: a blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2012;26:197–8.

2. Global pain management market to reach US$60 Billion by 2015, according to a new report by Global Industry Analysts, Inc. [Internet]. Glob. Ind. Anal. Inc. [cited 2020 Apr 8]. Available from: https://www.prweb.com/releases/2011/1/prweb8052240.htm

3. Tsang A, Von Korff M, Lee S, Alonso J, Karam E, Angermeyer MC, et al. Common chronic pain conditions in developed and developing countries: gender and age differences and comorbidity with depression-anxiety disorders. J Pain. 2008;9:883–91.

4. Zimmer Z, Zajacova A. Persistent, consistent, and extensive: the trend of increasing pain prevalence in older Americans. J Gerontol Ser B. 2020;75:436–47.

5. Domenichiello AF, Ramsden CE. The silent epidemic of chronic pain in older adults. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2019;93:284–90.

6. Porter J, Jick H. Addiction rare in patients treated with narcotics. N Engl J Med. 1980;302:123.

7. Volkow ND, Blanco C.The changing opioid crisis: development, challenges and opportunities. Mol Psychiatry. 2020:1–16.

8. Rothstein MA. The opioid crisis and the need for compassion in pain management. Am J Public Health. 2017;107:1253–4.

9. Garland EL, Froeliger B, Zeidan F, Partin K, Howard MO. The downward spiral of chronic pain, prescription opioid misuse, and addiction: cognitive, affective, and neuropsychopharmacologic pathways. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013;37:2597–607.

10. Vowles KE, McEntee ML, Julnes PS, Frohe T, Ney JP, van der Goes DN. Rates of opioid misuse, abuse, and addiction in chronic pain: a systematic review and data synthesis. Pain. 2015;156:569–76.

11. Krebs EE, Gravely A, Nugent S, Jensen AC, DeRonne B, Goldsmith ES, et al. Effect of opioid vs nonopioid medications on pain-related function in patients with chronic back pain or hip or knee osteoarthritis pain: the SPACE randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;319:872–82.

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Footer Begin

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image Begin

Springer

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Image End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Page Footer End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Plain Text Format 1.0.4

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Title Begin

Schedule — Short Courses

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Title End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Table Begin

Sunday, 05 March

08:30 – 12:30 SC105 Modulation Formats and Receiver Concepts for Optical Transmission Systems

SC203 400 Gb/s and Beyond Optical Communication Systems, Design and Design Trade-offs

SC208 Optical Fiber Design for Telecommunications and Specialty Applications

SC328 Standards for High-Speed Optical Networking

SC395 Modeling and Simulation of Optical Transmitter and Receiver Components for Coherent Communications

SC432 Hands on: Silicon Photonics Component Design & Fabrication

SC443 Optical AmplifiersFrom Fundamental Principles to Technology Trends

SC461 High-capacity Data Center Interconnects for Cloud-scale Networking

SC463 Optical Transport SDNArchitectures, Applications, and Actual Implementations

SC469 Hands on: Laboratory Automation and Control Using Python (Beginner)

SC470 Secure Optical Communications

09:00 – 12:00 SC177 High-speed Semiconductor Lasers and Modulators

SC216 An Introduction to Optical Network Design and Planning

SC444 Optical Communication Technologies for 5G and F5GSC105 - Modulation Formats and Receiver Concepts for Optical Transmission Systems

13:00 – 16:00 SC447 The Life Cycle of an Optical NetworkFrom Planning to Decommissioning

SC512 NEW: Modern Subsea Cable Systems

13:00 – 17:00 SC267 Silicon MicrophotonicsTechnology Elements and the Roadmap to Implementation

SC384 Background Concepts of Optical Communication Systems

SC514 NEW: FEC Techniques for Optical Communications

Monday, 06 March

08:30 – 12:30 SC102 WDM in Long-Haul Transmission Systems

SC160 Microwave Photonics

SC341 Sub-carrier Modulation and Superchannels for Terabit-class DWDM Transceivers

SC369 Test and Measurement for Signals with Complex Optical Modulation

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Table End

--------------------------------------------------- Unstructured Table Begin

Monday, 06 March (continued)

SC433 Introduction to Photodetectors and Optical Receivers

SC448 Evolving Software Defined Optical NetworkArchitecture and Design Principles

08:30 – 12:30 SC452 FPGA Prototyping for Optical Subsystems

SC453A Hands on: Fiber Optic Handling, Measurements, and Component Testing