id int32 2 15.2k | answer int32 0 3 | text stringlengths 26 1.76k | type stringclasses 32 values | question stringlengths 2 588 | options sequencelengths 4 4 | Categorical Reasoning bool 2 classes | Disjunctive Reasoning bool 2 classes | Conjunctive Reasoning bool 2 classes | Necessry Condtional Reasoning bool 2 classes | Sufficient Conditional Reasoning bool 2 classes | answer_char stringclasses 4 values | formatted_options sequencelengths 4 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4,554 | 0 | A college will continue to implement the overseas funding plan this year. It plans to select several of the six teachers from Mr. Liu, Mr. Zhang, Mr. Wang, Mr. Ma, Mr. Niu and Mr. Zhou to visit abroad. Due to the limitations of funding, the needs of discipline development, curriculum arrangement, place and time of each student's visit, the selection shall meet the following conditions: (1) Mr. Liu is the reserve discipline leader of the college, This time we have to send out. (2) if we choose Mr. Liu, we should also choose Mr. Zhou, but we can't choose Mr. Zhang. (3) only if Mr. Niu can't choose, at least one of Mr. Wang and Mr. Ma can choose. (4) if we don't choose Mr. Wang, we don't choose Mr. Zhou either. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | If the above statement is true, which of the followings must be true? | [
"Mr. Niu didn't choose, but Mr. Zhou did",
"Mr. Liu was chose, but Mr. Ma didn't",
"Mr. Wang and Mr. Ma were chosen",
"Neither Mr. Wang nor Mr. Niu was elected"
] | true | false | true | true | true | A | [
"A: Mr. Niu didn't choose, but Mr. Zhou did",
"B: Mr. Liu was chose, but Mr. Ma didn't",
"C: Mr. Wang and Mr. Ma were chosen",
"D: Neither Mr. Wang nor Mr. Niu was elected"
] |
7,446 | 0 | The straw effect means that the juice around the tube can be inhaled by inhaling the fruit juice in the cup with a straw. Implanting some kind of straw in a certain area can gather resources and cause obvious regional effect. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options does not belong to the straw effect? | [
"The common sense of petroleum prospecting is that the standard distance between the two mining areas is 100 meters. At present, China has explored eight oil fields in the East China Sea, including the new Bajiaoting oil and gas field",
"The function of the city has shifted to the south, and property prices in Zh... | true | false | true | false | true | A | [
"A: The common sense of petroleum prospecting is that the standard distance between the two mining areas is 100 meters. At present, China has explored eight oil fields in the East China Sea, including the new Bajiaoting oil and gas field",
"B: The function of the city has shifted to the south, and property prices... |
6,272 | 0 | Reading is a personal life habit, which is determined by cultural literacy. Without the pursuit of knowledge or the hobby of culture, it is difficult to imagine that people can calm down and read. The habit of reading should be cultivated from an early age. Starting from the beginning, only the love and pursuit of cultural knowledge can make us accustomed to reading. The reading habits and hobbies of Chinese people cannot be solved by a youth reading festival. Therefore, reading is still based on usual habits. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the followings is the topic of the above? | [
"Reading habits",
"Advocate reading",
"Love reading since childhood",
"Pursue knowledge"
] | false | true | true | false | true | A | [
"A: Reading habits",
"B: Advocate reading",
"C: Love reading since childhood",
"D: Pursue knowledge"
] |
50 | 2 | For a certain type of ulcer, traditional therapy can completely heal 44% of patients' ulcers within 6 months. A new therapy for this type of ulcer has achieved obvious improves in 80% of the ulcers treated in a 6-month trial. 61% of ulcers were healed. Since the trial only treated those ulcers very severe, this new treatment is obviously more effective than traditional treatments. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True} | In order to better compare the effects of the two therapies, is there any additional evidence that needs to be added? | [
"What is the difference between the methods used in the two therapies?",
"Is there a big difference in the cost of the two therapies?",
"What is the proportion of patients with this type of ulcer, treated under traditional therapies in 6 months, who have achieved significant improvement?",
"Among the patients... | true | false | false | false | true | C | [
"A: What is the difference between the methods used in the two therapies?",
"B: Is there a big difference in the cost of the two therapies?",
"C: What is the proportion of patients with this type of ulcer, treated under traditional therapies in 6 months, who have achieved significant improvement?",
"D: Among ... |
4,392 | 1 | Robbery is an act of forcibly seizing public and private property by violence, coercion or other means on the spot for the purpose of illegal possession. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the followings belongs to robbery | [
"Li embedded himself in Wang's house to steal. When he was found, he ran away with the stolen goods. Wang pursued him closely. Li saw an unsteaded motorcycle next to the grocery store. The owner was smoking next to the motorcycle, so he rode on the motorcycle",
"Zheng riding a motorcycle saw Tian walking with an ... | false | true | true | false | true | B | [
"A: Li embedded himself in Wang's house to steal. When he was found, he ran away with the stolen goods. Wang pursued him closely. Li saw an unsteaded motorcycle next to the grocery store. The owner was smoking next to the motorcycle, so he rode on the motorcycle",
"B: Zheng riding a motorcycle saw Tian walking wi... |
1,765 | 1 | The reason why the financial crisis has spread to the world is largely because each economy has experienced 6 to 7 years of extraordinary financial expansion, financial innovation and the unprecedented development of financial derivatives during the economic prosperity period. Under this model, the prices of various assets are constantly being irrationally pushed up. The key to the governance crisis is to return various assets that have been hyped to high prices to their reasonable price levels. A period of asset devaluation is inevitable. , This is the debt repayment for the past speeding appreciation. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following is an accurate summary of the passage? | [
"Proactive fiscal policy and appropriately loose monetary policy should be adopted to stimulate the economy",
"Stimulating the economy but also deflating the bubble",
"The goal of a stimulus is to get the economy moving again",
"High levels of asset prices should be maintained through government action or pro... | true | true | true | false | true | B | [
"A: Proactive fiscal policy and appropriately loose monetary policy should be adopted to stimulate the economy",
"B: Stimulating the economy but also deflating the bubble",
"C: The goal of a stimulus is to get the economy moving again",
"D: High levels of asset prices should be maintained through government a... |
11,505 | 0 | Students asked by a psychologist to tell a lie before discussion groups vastly overestimated how many people in the discussion groups could tell they were lying. Other research has found that when volleyball players perform unusually poorly on the court, teammates notice this far less often than the players expect. Finally, in one research experiment a student wearing a funny T-shirt entered a room full of people. Questioning revealed that only a small fraction of the people in the room noticed the shirt, contrary to the student' s expectations. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following is best illustrated by the statements above? | [
"People tend to believe their appearance and behavior are noticed by others more often than is actually the case.",
"People tend not to notice the appearance or behavior of others.",
"We are actually less observant of the appearance and behavior of others than we think ourselves to be.",
"People tend to be fa... | true | true | true | true | true | A | [
"A: People tend to believe their appearance and behavior are noticed by others more often than is actually the case.",
"B: People tend not to notice the appearance or behavior of others.",
"C: We are actually less observant of the appearance and behavior of others than we think ourselves to be.",
"D: People t... |
10,557 | 1 | One theater plans to present seven plays over seven weeks in the fall. They are F, G., J, K, O, R, S. There is one play a week, and each play runs exactly one week. The repertory must meet the following conditions :(1) G must be performed in the third week. (2) O and S cannot be performed continuously. (3) K must be staged before J and S. (4) F and J must be scheduled to perform in two consecutive weeks. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following statements, if true, best explains the expert's seemingly contradictory attitude? | [
"In August 2011, Vietnam conducted joint military exercises with the United States in the South China Sea.",
"The US, Japan, India and other countries took advantage of China's aircraft carrier's trial flight to stir up a new China threat theory.",
"The Chinese navy has not fully deployed transport ships and re... | true | false | true | true | true | B | [
"A: In August 2011, Vietnam conducted joint military exercises with the United States in the South China Sea.",
"B: The US, Japan, India and other countries took advantage of China's aircraft carrier's trial flight to stir up a new China threat theory.",
"C: The Chinese navy has not fully deployed transport shi... |
1,313 | 1 | When the development of the enterprise organization is slow and bad problems occur internally, the enterprise must change the management mode. When the external change has little impact, the enterprise can make small adjustments from the daily management details to adapt to the change. When small adjustments cannot adapt to changes, enterprises need to consider management change. It should be noted that adaptive adjustment and management change may not be 100% successful, but if they do not make adjustments or changes, the operation of enterprises will inevitably fail. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | With regard to this paragraph, which of the following understanding is accurate? | [
"The slow development of enterprises often indicates that there are problems in enterprise management.",
"If there are bad problems within the enterprise, adaptive adjustment can be considered first.",
"The unsuccessful adjustment or change of enterprise management will lead to the failure of enterprise managem... | false | true | true | false | true | B | [
"A: The slow development of enterprises often indicates that there are problems in enterprise management.",
"B: If there are bad problems within the enterprise, adaptive adjustment can be considered first.",
"C: The unsuccessful adjustment or change of enterprise management will lead to the failure of enterpris... |
10,633 | 3 | The sun emits two types of ultraviolet radiation that damage skin: UV-A, which causes premature wrinkles, and UV-B, which causes sunburn. Until about ten years ago, sunscreens protected against UV-B radiation but not against UV-A radiation. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following is best supported by the information above? | [
"People who wear sunscreen now are less likely to become sunburned than were people who spent the same amount of time in the sun wearing sunscreen ten years ago.",
"The specific cause of premature skin wrinkling was not known until about ten years ago.",
"Most people whose skin is prematurely wrinkled have spen... | false | false | true | true | true | D | [
"A: People who wear sunscreen now are less likely to become sunburned than were people who spent the same amount of time in the sun wearing sunscreen ten years ago.",
"B: The specific cause of premature skin wrinkling was not known until about ten years ago.",
"C: Most people whose skin is prematurely wrinkled ... |
14,312 | 1 | A scientific study provides evidence that crows are capable of recognizing threatening people and can even pass their concerns on to other crows. Researchers wearing rubber caveman masks trapped wild crows and then released them in the same area. Years later, people wearing the same masks near where the crows had been trapped were shrieked at and dive-bombed by crows. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The argument depends on the assumption that | [
"crows can distinguish between people who are wearing caveman masks and those who are not, but they cannot recognize individual human faces -17-",
"some of the crows that shrieked at and dive-bombed people wearing the masks were not among the crows that had been trapped",
"most birds of any species will regard ... | false | false | true | false | true | B | [
"A: crows can distinguish between people who are wearing caveman masks and those who are not, but they cannot recognize individual human faces -17-",
"B: some of the crows that shrieked at and dive-bombed people wearing the masks were not among the crows that had been trapped",
"C: most birds of any species wil... |
2,129 | 1 | Early childhood education in the United States focuses on cultivating children's critical thinking. An important point is to distinguish between fact statements and opinion statements. Fact statements can be verified. There are true and false but not good or bad; opinions are mostly subjective. Experience, influenced by values, etc. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following is in the slogan, taking into account facts and opinions? | [
"Gold medal chocolate, awaken your sweet memories",
"Liang brand 65-inch frameless all-glass ultra-thin TV, giving you a general view of the sea",
"The wedding wine refreshes the heart and the soul, and it is hard to give up, and the aftertaste is endless",
"The horizontally opposed engine, left and right sym... | true | true | true | false | true | B | [
"A: Gold medal chocolate, awaken your sweet memories",
"B: Liang brand 65-inch frameless all-glass ultra-thin TV, giving you a general view of the sea",
"C: The wedding wine refreshes the heart and the soul, and it is hard to give up, and the aftertaste is endless",
"D: The horizontally opposed engine, left a... |
10,736 | 3 | Many important types of medicine have been developed from substances discovered in plants that grow only in tropical rain forests. There are thousands of plant species in these rain forests that have not yet been studied by scientists, and it is very likely that many such plants also contain substances of medicinal value. Thus, if the tropical rain forests are not preserved, important types of medicine will never be developed. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument? | [
"Most of the tropical rain forest plants that contain substances of medicinal value can also be found growing in other types of environment.",
"The tropical rain forests should be preserved to make it possible for important medicines to be developed from plant species that have not yet been studied by scientists.... | false | false | true | false | true | D | [
"A: Most of the tropical rain forest plants that contain substances of medicinal value can also be found growing in other types of environment.",
"B: The tropical rain forests should be preserved to make it possible for important medicines to be developed from plant species that have not yet been studied by scien... |
2,065 | 3 | Dashan, a Canadian actor who came to China, was once stopped by traffic police when he exceeded the required speed on the outskirts of Beijing. Dashan asked, how many kilometers per hour will you be fined? The traffic police said: if you reach a speed of 80 kilometers per hour, you will have to pay a fine. Dashan said, I've only been driving for half an hour, and it's not more than 50 kilometers. The traffic policeman was stunned. Dashan argued again: well, in the remaining half an hour, I will only run 29 kilometers. You might as well follow me. If you exceed one meter, I will not only accept the punishment, but also invite you to eat Mongolian Hot Pot! When the traffic police heard this, they couldn't laugh or cry, but they didn't know how to argue with him for a moment. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options is accurate in understanding Dashan's excuse in this paragraph? | [
"The speed per hour mentioned by the traffic police is measured in hours, but Dashan thinks it is a distance of one hour.",
"He should not be punished for running 50 kilometers in the first half and 29 kilometers in the second half.",
"He made the logical mistake of secretly changing concepts.",
"He is a logi... | true | true | true | false | true | D | [
"A: The speed per hour mentioned by the traffic police is measured in hours, but Dashan thinks it is a distance of one hour.",
"B: He should not be punished for running 50 kilometers in the first half and 29 kilometers in the second half.",
"C: He made the logical mistake of secretly changing concepts.",
"D: ... |
499 | 1 | Rational expectation means that if people are rational when anticipating an economic phenomenon, they will make full use of the information they get to take action without making systematic mistakes. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above definition, which of the followings is rational expectation? | [
"As soon as the provincial hospital branch was put into use, Xiao Chen opened a fruit shop nearby.",
"Lao Qin learned that a policy was about to be implemented and carried out stock operation with his long-term experience in stock speculation.",
"Lao Liu immediately bought a house nearby, because it was rumored... | false | false | true | false | true | B | [
"A: As soon as the provincial hospital branch was put into use, Xiao Chen opened a fruit shop nearby.",
"B: Lao Qin learned that a policy was about to be implemented and carried out stock operation with his long-term experience in stock speculation.",
"C: Lao Liu immediately bought a house nearby, because it wa... |
6,707 | 3 | The door is a symbol of secrecy and avoidance, a symbol of the quiet or sad secret struggle of the mind hiding in bliss. A house without a door is not a house, but a hallway. Wherever a man is, he can make himself at ease as long as he is behind a closed door. The mind works most effectively in a closed door. People are not horses that graze together. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following is the correct interpretation of this paragraph? | [
"People need to have a way to eliminate external interference in order to improve the thinking power of the brain",
"People need to have a door so that they can live freely and live on their own",
"People are not horses grazing together, it depends on the door to make some necessary avoidance",
"People have t... | true | true | true | false | true | D | [
"A: People need to have a way to eliminate external interference in order to improve the thinking power of the brain",
"B: People need to have a door so that they can live freely and live on their own",
"C: People are not horses grazing together, it depends on the door to make some necessary avoidance",
"D: P... |
6,488 | 3 | While studying Williams syndrome, experts accidentally found that people with musical and mathematical talents are actually caused by genetic disorders or deletions and the same genetic disorder can also lead to psychosis such as schizophrenia. Most children born with Williams syndrome have 20 genes misaligned with chromosome 7. This happens to one out of every 20,000 people in the world. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options is most likely to be highlighted by the author next? | [
"What is Williams syndrome?",
"The significance of chromosome 7 to human beings.",
"A typical case of Williams syndrome.",
"Genetic disorder and genius."
] | true | true | true | true | true | D | [
"A: What is Williams syndrome?",
"B: The significance of chromosome 7 to human beings.",
"C: A typical case of Williams syndrome.",
"D: Genetic disorder and genius."
] |
6,232 | 2 | If capable people are not influenced by the outside world to pursue perfect solutions to problems, but limit their exploration and find satisfactory answers, they can save a lot of energy. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following views is expressed in the above paragraph? | [
"Capable people should not pursue perfection.",
"People should limit their exploration.",
"Sometimes, the perfect solution to a problem is not necessarily the most economical.",
"People don't always have to find perfect solutions to problems."
] | false | false | true | false | true | C | [
"A: Capable people should not pursue perfection.",
"B: People should limit their exploration.",
"C: Sometimes, the perfect solution to a problem is not necessarily the most economical.",
"D: People don't always have to find perfect solutions to problems."
] |
13,012 | 1 | Traditionally, the foundations of houses were made of concrete. A builder is experimenting with using a hard plastic polymer for foundations. A foundation made with the polymer is about the same price to construct and install as is concrete foundation. Unlike concrete, the polymer will block all water flow and is not prone to cracking with age. The builder argues that houses built with the polymer foundation will last longer. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following must be studied in order to evaluate the argument presented above? | [
"Whether consumers seeking to buy a house will trust a house with an alternate foundation.",
"Whether soil acidity, to which all stone is resistant, can dissolve the polymer.",
"How dry the soil in this region becomes during typical summer droughts.",
"Whether repairs to polymer foundations are more expensive... | true | false | true | false | true | B | [
"A: Whether consumers seeking to buy a house will trust a house with an alternate foundation.",
"B: Whether soil acidity, to which all stone is resistant, can dissolve the polymer.",
"C: How dry the soil in this region becomes during typical summer droughts.",
"D: Whether repairs to polymer foundations are mo... |
12,444 | 3 | Journalist: Obviously, though some animals are purely carnivorous, none would survive without plants. But the dependence is mutual. Many plant species would never have come to be had there been no animals to pollinate, fertilize, and broadcast their seeds. Also, plants' photosynthetic activity would deplete the carbon dioxide in Earth' s atmosphere were it not constantly being replenished by the exhalation of animals, engine fumes, and smoke from fires, many set by human beings. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the journalist's argument? | [
"The photosynthetic activity of plants is necessary for animal life, but animal life is also necessary for the occurrence of photosynthesis in plants.",
"Some purely carnivorous animals would not survive without plants.",
"Human activity is part of what prevents plants from depleting the oxygen in Earth's atmos... | true | false | true | true | true | D | [
"A: The photosynthetic activity of plants is necessary for animal life, but animal life is also necessary for the occurrence of photosynthesis in plants.",
"B: Some purely carnivorous animals would not survive without plants.",
"C: Human activity is part of what prevents plants from depleting the oxygen in Eart... |
7,419 | 0 | Explaining causality: It refers to explaining the causal connection among certain facts. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following is not an explaining causality? | [
"Xiaoqiu poured such deep feelings into her song,how could Xiaoli not hear her?",
"The development of physics has enabled people to study celestial bodies using methods such as spectroscopy and photometry.",
"The reason why Xiao Wu did not achieve great achievements is because he is too proud",
"A serious ill... | false | false | true | false | true | A | [
"A: Xiaoqiu poured such deep feelings into her song,how could Xiaoli not hear her?",
"B: The development of physics has enabled people to study celestial bodies using methods such as spectroscopy and photometry.",
"C: The reason why Xiao Wu did not achieve great achievements is because he is too proud",
"D: A... |
14,539 | 2 | Consumer advocate: There is no doubt that the government is responsible for the increased cost of gasoline, because the government' s policies have significantly increased consumer demand for fuel, and as a result of increasing demand, the price of gasoline has risen steadily. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following is an assumption required by the consumer advocate's argument? | [
"If the government pursues policies that do not increase the demand for fuel, gasoline prices tend to remain stable.",
"The government has an obligation to ensure that demand for fuel does not increase excessively.",
"The government can bear responsibility for that which it indirectly causes.",
"Consumer dema... | true | false | true | false | true | C | [
"A: If the government pursues policies that do not increase the demand for fuel, gasoline prices tend to remain stable.",
"B: The government has an obligation to ensure that demand for fuel does not increase excessively.",
"C: The government can bear responsibility for that which it indirectly causes.",
"D: C... |
14,530 | 3 | Economist: Tropicorp, which constantly seeks profitable investment opportunities, has been buying and clearing sections of tropical forest for cattle ranching, although pastures newly created there become useless for grazing after just a few years. The company has not gone into rubber tapping, even though greater profits can be made from rubber tapping, which leaves the forest intact. Thus, some environmentalists argue that <b> Tropicorp's actions do not serve even its own economic interest. </b> However, the initial investment required for a successful rubber-tapping operation is larger than that needed for a cattle ranch; there is a shortage of workers employable in rubber-tapping operations; and taxes are higher on profits from rubber tapping than on profits from cattle ranching. Consequently, <b> the environmentalists' conclusion is probably wrong. </b> | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | In the economist's argument, the two <b> boldface </b> portions play which of the following roles? | [
"The first states the conclusion of the economists' argument: the second supports that conclusion.",
"The first supports the conclusion of the economists' argument, the second calls that conclusion into question.",
"Each supports the conclusion of the economist's argument.",
"The first states the conclusion o... | true | false | true | false | true | D | [
"A: The first states the conclusion of the economists' argument: the second supports that conclusion.",
"B: The first supports the conclusion of the economists' argument, the second calls that conclusion into question.",
"C: Each supports the conclusion of the economist's argument.",
"D: The first states the ... |
5,584 | 2 | Product recall refers to the recall of products that have been delivered to wholesalers, retailers or end users by manufacturers. The typical reason for product recall is that the sold products are found to have defects. The product recall system is aimed at the batch problems caused by manufacturers, among which the identification of quality defects and the identification of manufacturers' responsibilities are the most critical core. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above definition, which of the followings belongs to product recall: | [
"A merchant made a promise that the product can be returned unconditionally if there is a problem",
"A supermarket found that the cans sold had expired and deteriorated, and timely informed consumers to return or replace them",
"Due to lax quality control, a batch of defective products from a factory flowed int... | true | true | true | false | true | C | [
"A: A merchant made a promise that the product can be returned unconditionally if there is a problem",
"B: A supermarket found that the cans sold had expired and deteriorated, and timely informed consumers to return or replace them",
"C: Due to lax quality control, a batch of defective products from a factory f... |
14,971 | 3 | Egidio' s Gym has been in operation for seven years, and offers regular weekly weight training and aerobic classes, as well as occasional programs in dance and martial arts. The gym has seen a surge of new members in the past twelve months, despite keeping the same membership fee over the past three years. Of the 450 current members, more than 250 have joined in the past year. Clearly, the membership of Egidio' s Gym has risen a significant amount because of its superior facilities. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? | [
"None of the other gyms in this town saw any increase in membership during the past year.",
"Many of the new members joined because of personal recommendations of those who were already members.",
"Dance and martial arts have become particularly popular among the general public over the past year.",
"Fewer th... | true | false | true | false | true | D | [
"A: None of the other gyms in this town saw any increase in membership during the past year.",
"B: Many of the new members joined because of personal recommendations of those who were already members.",
"C: Dance and martial arts have become particularly popular among the general public over the past year.",
... |
10,823 | 2 | Publicity campaigns for endangered species are unlikely to have much impact on the most important environmental problems, for while the ease of attributing feelings to large mammals facilitates evoking sympathy for them, it is more difficult to elicit sympathy for other kinds of organisms, such as the soil microorganisms on which large ecosystems and agriculture depend. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? | [
"Microorganisms cannot experience pain or have other feelings.",
"People ignore environmental problems unless they believe the problems will affect creatures with which they sympathize.",
"The most important environmental problems involve endangered species other than large mammals.",
"An organism can be envi... | true | true | true | false | true | C | [
"A: Microorganisms cannot experience pain or have other feelings.",
"B: People ignore environmental problems unless they believe the problems will affect creatures with which they sympathize.",
"C: The most important environmental problems involve endangered species other than large mammals.",
"D: An organism... |
10,850 | 1 | A very popular ice-cream shop recently raised the price of an ice-cream soda by $0. 20, from $1. 80 to $2. 00. Within a week of the price increase, all of the waiters-and waitresses had quit. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following, if true, would most help to explain the resignations of the waiters and waitresses? | [
"The price increase allowed the shop to retain its popular generous portions of ice cream.",
"The waiters and waitresses received fewer tips than before because the increased price deprived customers of change that many had left as tips.",
"The increased price of ice-cream sodas did not affect the wage rate at ... | true | false | true | true | true | B | [
"A: The price increase allowed the shop to retain its popular generous portions of ice cream.",
"B: The waiters and waitresses received fewer tips than before because the increased price deprived customers of change that many had left as tips.",
"C: The increased price of ice-cream sodas did not affect the wage... |
6,053 | 2 | Regular yogurt use reduces a child's risk of tooth decay, a new study has found. Previously, researchers have suggested that yogurt can prevent tooth decay in children, and studies have shown that butter, cheese and milk have no significant effect on preventing tooth decay. Although drinking more yogurt has a protective effect on children's teeth, the reasons why yogurt can reduce the risk of tooth decay remain unclear. One theory is that the protein in yogurt is attached to the surface of the tooth. This prevents harmful acids from eroding teeth. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options, if correct, best supports the findings of this study? | [
"Butter, cheese and milk are not rich in protein than yogurt and have no significant anti-moth effect on children's teeth",
"The enamel of children's gums is in the juvenile stage, the ability to fight acid corrosion is low, artificially sweetened yogurt, increases the risk of tooth decay",
"Studies have shown ... | true | false | true | true | true | C | [
"A: Butter, cheese and milk are not rich in protein than yogurt and have no significant anti-moth effect on children's teeth",
"B: The enamel of children's gums is in the juvenile stage, the ability to fight acid corrosion is low, artificially sweetened yogurt, increases the risk of tooth decay",
"C: Studies ha... |
10,693 | 2 | Counselor: Those who believe that criticism should be gentle rather than harsh should consider the following: change requires a motive, and criticism that is unpleasant provides a motive. Since harsh criticism is unpleasant, harsh criticism provides a motive. Ttherefore, only harsh criticism will cause the person criticized to change. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The reasoning in the counselor's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument | [
"fails to address the possibility that in some cases the primary goal of criticism is something other than bringing about change in the person being criticized",
"takes for granted that everyone who is motivated to change will change",
"infers that something that is sufficient to provide a motive is necessary t... | true | false | true | true | false | C | [
"A: fails to address the possibility that in some cases the primary goal of criticism is something other than bringing about change in the person being criticized",
"B: takes for granted that everyone who is motivated to change will change",
"C: infers that something that is sufficient to provide a motive is ne... |
13,616 | 0 | Taxpayer: For the last ten years, Metro City' s bridge-maintenance budget of $1 million annually has been a prime example of fiscal irresponsibility. In a well-run bridge program, the city would spend $15 million a year on maintenance, which would prevent severe deterioration, thus limiting capital expenses for needed bridge reconstruction to $10 million. However, as a result of its attempt to economize, the city is now faced with spending $400 million over two years on emergency reconstruction of its bridges. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True} | The main point of the taxpayer's argument is that Metro City | [
"should have budgeted substantially more money for maintenance of its bridges",
"is economizing on its bridge program to save money in case of emergencies",
"is spending more than it needs to on maintenance of its bridges",
"would have had a well-run bridge program if it had spent more money for reconstructio... | false | false | false | false | true | A | [
"A: should have budgeted substantially more money for maintenance of its bridges",
"B: is economizing on its bridge program to save money in case of emergencies",
"C: is spending more than it needs to on maintenance of its bridges",
"D: would have had a well-run bridge program if it had spent more money for r... |
14,475 | 3 | When girls are educated in single-sex secondary schools, they tend to do better academically than girls who attend mixed-sex schools. Since Alice achieved higher grades than any other woman in her first year at the university, she was probably educated at a single-sex school. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following most closely parallels the flawed reasoning used in the argument above? | [
"When children have parents who help them with their homework, they usually do well in school. Ttherefore, having help with homework is probably the cause of high academic achievement.",
"When students have individual tutoring in math, they usually get good grades on their final exams. Celia had individual tutori... | true | false | false | true | true | D | [
"A: When children have parents who help them with their homework, they usually do well in school. Ttherefore, having help with homework is probably the cause of high academic achievement.",
"B: When students have individual tutoring in math, they usually get good grades on their final exams. Celia had individual ... |
2,222 | 3 | Psychologists have suggested that if social networks are used well, they can also significantly reduce people's negative emotions and improve their mood. But the premise is that we need to use the Internet as a practice platform to truly express ourselves and interact with others sincerely and kindly. Offline, due to geographical spacing and other problems, it is sometimes difficult to find like-minded friends. But relying on the convenience of the Internet, many people are easy to find bosom friends. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options is mainly emphasized in this passage? | [
"The network communication platform has obvious advantages in regulating emotions",
"Space barrier is the root cause of meeting a bosom friend in reality",
"It is an inevitable trend for social networks to replace offline communication in the future",
"The correct use of social networks can make up for the la... | false | false | true | false | true | D | [
"A: The network communication platform has obvious advantages in regulating emotions",
"B: Space barrier is the root cause of meeting a bosom friend in reality",
"C: It is an inevitable trend for social networks to replace offline communication in the future",
"D: The correct use of social networks can make u... |
2,831 | 3 | Statistics for the first half of this year show that CPI in Province A fell 1.7% in three consecutive months after a 1.8% month-on-month increase in three months. In the same period, CPI in Province B rose 1.8% in three consecutive months after a 1.7% month-on-month decrease in three consecutive months. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True} | If CPI in December was the same in both provinces, which of the following is not true? | [
"The CPI of Province A was higher than that of province B in February this year.",
"The CPI of Province A was higher than that of province B in March this year.",
"The CPI of Province A was higher than that of province B in April this year.",
"The CPI of Province A was higher than that of province B in June t... | false | false | false | false | true | D | [
"A: The CPI of Province A was higher than that of province B in February this year.",
"B: The CPI of Province A was higher than that of province B in March this year.",
"C: The CPI of Province A was higher than that of province B in April this year.",
"D: The CPI of Province A was higher than that of province... |
12,318 | 3 | Last year a record number of new manufacturing jobs were created. Will this year bring another record? Well, any new manufacturing job is created either within an existing company or by the start-up of a new company. <b> Within existing firms, new jobs have been created this year at well below last year's record pace </b>. At the same time, there is considerable evidence that the number of new companies starting up will be no higher this year than it was last year and <b> there is no reason to think that the new companies starting up this year will create more jobs per company than did last year's start-ups </b>. So clearly, the number of new jobs created this year will fall short of last year's record. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | In the argument given, the two portions in <b> boldface </b> play which of the following roles? | [
"The first is a claim that the argument challenges; the second is a judgment advanced in support of the main conclusion of the argument.",
"The first provides evidence in support of the main conclusion of the argument; the second is an objection that has been raised against that main conclusion.",
"The first an... | true | true | true | false | true | D | [
"A: The first is a claim that the argument challenges; the second is a judgment advanced in support of the main conclusion of the argument.",
"B: The first provides evidence in support of the main conclusion of the argument; the second is an objection that has been raised against that main conclusion.",
"C: The... |
9,615 | 1 | Anthropologists measured human skulls at various periods in history and found that the average brain capacity of contemporary adults is 1349 milliliters, compared with the brain capacity of Mesolithic humans, the brain capacity of men is reduced by 10%. The brain capacity of women is reduced by 17%. The researchers believe that in an era of increasingly clear division of labor, people with a cooperative spirit have more opportunities to survive and reproduce than others, and survival of the friendliest is an important reason for the shrinking human brain. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options, if true, best supports the above conclusion? | [
"Contemporary brain science research shows that a smaller brain capacity makes humans more cooperative.",
"Cooperation will reduce human aggressiveness, and the reduction of aggressiveness will lead to lighter body and less brain capacity.",
"With the rise of the temperature, people's requirements for weight ar... | true | false | true | true | true | B | [
"A: Contemporary brain science research shows that a smaller brain capacity makes humans more cooperative.",
"B: Cooperation will reduce human aggressiveness, and the reduction of aggressiveness will lead to lighter body and less brain capacity.",
"C: With the rise of the temperature, people's requirements for ... |
10,532 | 2 | A former vice president of the Shanxi vinegar industry association said that only 5% of the Shanxi aged vinegar sold on the market is the real Shanxi aged vinegar without additives. A vice president of the China seasoning Association said in an interview with reporters on the incident: as long as additives are added according to national standards, there is no safety problem. Some enterprises emphasize that they do not add additives, which is unfair to enterprises that add additives according to normal standards. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following statements can be logically derived from the words of the vice president of the seasoning association? | [
"In order to ensure fairness, enterprises should not produce products that are higher than the national standards, or keep secret the fact that the quality of the products is higher than the national standards",
"If we want to promote the technological innovation of the industry, we should raise the national stan... | true | true | false | false | true | C | [
"A: In order to ensure fairness, enterprises should not produce products that are higher than the national standards, or keep secret the fact that the quality of the products is higher than the national standards",
"B: If we want to promote the technological innovation of the industry, we should raise the nationa... |
6,065 | 2 | The causal link between phenomena refers to the existence of one phenomenon, others will cause another phenomenon, then there is a causal link between the two phenomena. One way to explore the causal link between phenomena is to seek the same method, which means that the phenomenon being studied appears on different occasions, and in each case, only one situation is common, then the only common situation is causally related to the phenomenon. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Based on the above definition, which of the following options applies the method of seeking common ground? | [
"Comparing a group of patients with stomach ulcers with a group of non-patients, the only difference between the two groups was that the patient's stomach was not infected with Helicobacter pylori and the non-patient was not infected. It follows that Helicobacter pylori infection may be the cause of stomach ulcers"... | true | false | true | false | true | C | [
"A: Comparing a group of patients with stomach ulcers with a group of non-patients, the only difference between the two groups was that the patient's stomach was not infected with Helicobacter pylori and the non-patient was not infected. It follows that Helicobacter pylori infection may be the cause of stomach ulce... |
12,388 | 1 | High school students who feel that they are not succeeding in school often drop out before graduating and go to work. Last year, however, the city' s high school dropout rate was significantly lower than the previous year' s rate. This is encouraging evidence that the program instituted two years ago to improve the morale of high school students has begun to take effect to reduce dropouts. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following, if true about the last year, most seriously weakens the argument? | [
"The morale of students who dropped out of high school had been low even before they reached high school.",
"There was a recession that caused a high level of unemployment in the city.",
"The antidropout program was primarily aimed at improving students' morale in those high schools with the highest dropout rat... | true | false | true | true | true | B | [
"A: The morale of students who dropped out of high school had been low even before they reached high school.",
"B: There was a recession that caused a high level of unemployment in the city.",
"C: The antidropout program was primarily aimed at improving students' morale in those high schools with the highest dr... |
8,979 | 2 | In today's economic globalization, western cultural classics and traditions are still surviving and continuing. In the United States, the president is sworn in according to the Bible, and pupils recite the oath of a nation under the protection of God every week. In China, primary school students no longer study the classics, and there are no people to take the oath of office according to the Analects of Confucius. China has become a country that has almost lost all its cultural classics and traditions. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following statements is the hypothesis on which the above argument depends? | [
"With the rapid development of science and technology, Western cultural classics and traditions are on the decline",
"Officials in Chinese history have never taken the oath of office according to a classic",
"The reading of scriptures by primary school students is a symbol for a country and a nation to maintain... | true | false | true | false | true | C | [
"A: With the rapid development of science and technology, Western cultural classics and traditions are on the decline",
"B: Officials in Chinese history have never taken the oath of office according to a classic",
"C: The reading of scriptures by primary school students is a symbol for a country and a nation to... |
8,248 | 1 | 2 million-1 million years ago, during the evolution from apes to modern Homo sapiens, the brains of our ancestors evolved to support cooperation to support hunting. This made the memory and thinking centers in the prefrontal cortex of human ancestors more developed than those of other primates. As groups become more powerful than individuals, and the brain evolves the ability to manage larger groups, competition between groups becomes more important than competition between individuals, and groups with more cooperative individuals develop better. This evolution has led to the development of altruistic consciousness, ethics, conscience and dignity. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the followings is the main content of this text? | [
"The hunting activities of human ancestors are inseparable from the cooperation of groups",
"The evolution of the brain in group life can inspire virtue",
"The structure of the brain evolves with changes in lifestyle",
"Group development depends on the number of cooperative individuals"
] | true | false | true | false | true | B | [
"A: The hunting activities of human ancestors are inseparable from the cooperation of groups",
"B: The evolution of the brain in group life can inspire virtue",
"C: The structure of the brain evolves with changes in lifestyle",
"D: Group development depends on the number of cooperative individuals"
] |
2,807 | 3 | Mr. X has always been hailed as the literary master of the Western world in the 19th century, but the benefits he received from the literary masters of his predecessors have been ignored by critics. In addition, Mr. X has never written a truly monumental masterpiece, and his most well-known works have major flaws in both style and expression. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statement? | [
"After Mr. X became famous in the literary world, he did not admit that he had benefited from his predecessors.",
"Contemporary critics began to re-evaluate Mr. X's work.",
"Mr. X's works are basically imitating the predecessors and lack innovation.",
"Mr. X's contribution to the development of Western litera... | true | false | true | false | true | D | [
"A: After Mr. X became famous in the literary world, he did not admit that he had benefited from his predecessors.",
"B: Contemporary critics began to re-evaluate Mr. X's work.",
"C: Mr. X's works are basically imitating the predecessors and lack innovation.",
"D: Mr. X's contribution to the development of We... |
1,124 | 1 | It is not necessary to use a strong melody to create a successful (or even great) work, but a beautiful, easy-to-hum melody will always give ordinary laymen more joy. Many people who have not studied or analyzed music are easily attracted by composers who are good at melody. Comparing the composers of the Baroque period with some composers of the 20th century; both classical composers and romantic composers make their melody more easy to catch, and long and short melody are easy to master. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to this passage, which of the followings is the correct understanding? | [
"A good composer is a composer who is good at mastering the ears of the audience.",
"Compared with modern composers, classical composers can make their melody easier to catch.",
"Romantic composers are particularly good at using short melody in the process of composition.",
"Music creation under the socialist... | true | true | true | false | true | B | [
"A: A good composer is a composer who is good at mastering the ears of the audience.",
"B: Compared with modern composers, classical composers can make their melody easier to catch.",
"C: Romantic composers are particularly good at using short melody in the process of composition.",
"D: Music creation under t... |
13,845 | 3 | In marketing their products, drug companies often send gifts to physicians. According to a recent survey, most physicians believe that their own choices when prescribing drugs are not influenced by drug companies' gifts. The same survey indicates that the majority of physicians believe that most other physicians' prescription choices are influenced by such gifts. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True} | If the survey results are accurate, which one of the following must be true? | [
"Physicians who do not accept gifts from drug companies are less likely to prescribe unnecessary drugs than those who do accept such gifts.",
"All physicians who admit that their own choices when prescribing drugs are influenced by drug companies' gifts believe that most other physicians' prescription choices are... | true | true | false | false | true | D | [
"A: Physicians who do not accept gifts from drug companies are less likely to prescribe unnecessary drugs than those who do accept such gifts.",
"B: All physicians who admit that their own choices when prescribing drugs are influenced by drug companies' gifts believe that most other physicians' prescription choic... |
3,497 | 1 | Resistance: refers to the ability of a substance to hinder the flow of electric current. Its size is related to the nature of the material itself. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to this definition, what is wrong which of the following statement? | [
"The superconductivity of some materials at low temperatures means that at extremely low temperatures, the ability of the material to prevent the flow of current becomes smaller, or even zero.",
"During high-voltage power transmission, the power loss is small. It means that the resistance of the wire is small dur... | false | true | true | false | true | B | [
"A: The superconductivity of some materials at low temperatures means that at extremely low temperatures, the ability of the material to prevent the flow of current becomes smaller, or even zero.",
"B: During high-voltage power transmission, the power loss is small. It means that the resistance of the wire is sma... |
7,593 | 2 | Anxiety neurosis is characterized by generalized anxiety disorder (chronic anxiety disorder) and paroxysmal panic state (acute anxiety disorder). It is a kind of unfounded panic and tension or the degree of tension and panic is not commensurate with the reality. Psychological experience is generalized, fear and panic without a fixed goal, and physical symptoms accompanied by increased alertness. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above definition, which of the following is an anxiety neurosis? | [
"Xiao Li, who is in the third year of high school, usually behaves normally in class, but when he is asked by the teacher, he is too nervous to speak, even if he can answer the questions",
"Lao Li found out that he had a tumor. Lao Li was very frightened at the thought that he might be dying soon",
"Recently, t... | false | true | true | false | true | C | [
"A: Xiao Li, who is in the third year of high school, usually behaves normally in class, but when he is asked by the teacher, he is too nervous to speak, even if he can answer the questions",
"B: Lao Li found out that he had a tumor. Lao Li was very frightened at the thought that he might be dying soon",
"C: Re... |
8,108 | 2 | A science magazine published an article about a kind of rubber that can heal itself. The molecules in ordinary rubber are held together by strong covalent bonds that break and cannot be restored. Instead, the researchers developed a molecular rope that combines hard-to-get hydrogen and covalent bonds and allows them to mix evenly at the molecular scale to create a transparent, tough rubber that self-heals. When pulled, the new rubber develops a network of grooves that look like cracks but do not break completely and form fibrous junctions. When the tension disappears, the rubber returns to its original shape. The technology could be used to make tyres for military equipment that do not need to be replaced immediately after damage, improving their battlefield survivability. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the followings does not mention self-healing rubber? | [
"Special performance",
"Scientific principles",
"Functional defects",
"Application prospect"
] | false | false | true | false | true | C | [
"A: Special performance",
"B: Scientific principles",
"C: Functional defects",
"D: Application prospect"
] |
6,106 | 2 | Once a small advertising light box can kill about 350000 insects a year. The night as bright as day will also seriously affect the life cycle of insects, especially adults. Insects are an important link in the natural food chain. Many small animals, birds and bats take insects as their main food, and many plants are pollinated by insects. If the species and number of insects change, It will seriously affect the ecological environment. The pressure of excessive lighting on energy waste and environmental pollution is self-evident. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the followings is this passage intended to emphasize? | [
"Main effects of light on the growth of animals and plants",
"There is a close relationship between species in nature",
"Interference of light pollution on natural ecological balance",
"The important role of insects in nature"
] | true | false | true | false | true | C | [
"A: Main effects of light on the growth of animals and plants",
"B: There is a close relationship between species in nature",
"C: Interference of light pollution on natural ecological balance",
"D: The important role of insects in nature"
] |
6,931 | 1 | Malik said Austin was surprised that Premier Zhou said the Chinese people's government believed that any resolution on China's complaint passed by the Security Council without the participation of representatives of the Chinese people would be illegal. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True} | Who of the following options expresses surprise? | [
"Malik",
"Austin",
"Premier Zhou",
"All three expressed surprise"
] | true | false | false | false | false | B | [
"A: Malik",
"B: Austin",
"C: Premier Zhou",
"D: All three expressed surprise"
] |
1,686 | 0 | The secrecy of official documents in ancient China can be traced back to the Xia Dynasty. According to historical records, Tai Shi Ling official collection of graphic method (that is, important national records and archives); during the Shang Dynasty, he set up the official position of keeping the history of the government, which was specially responsible for the custody of government official documents and books; and the Zhou Dynasty inherited the tradition of the Shang Dynasty. the original documents were collected in Tianfu, the earliest central archival institution in the history of our country. In the Qin Dynasty, it was a common practice to seal the documents and use sealing mud in the process of transmission. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the word sealing mud used to keep office documents secret became a metaphor for guarding the pass. The Book of the later Han Dynasty recorded: (Wang) Yuan please take a pill of mud as the king of Dongfeng Hangu pass for a lifetime. Explain that gatekeeping is like sealing mud, you should be careful not to have the slightest omission. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following is the main introduction of this passage? | [
"The secrecy methods of official documents in past dynasties",
"The evolution of the word sealing mud",
"The evolution of archival storage methods",
"The record of the method of preservation of documents in history books"
] | false | false | true | false | true | A | [
"A: The secrecy methods of official documents in past dynasties",
"B: The evolution of the word sealing mud",
"C: The evolution of archival storage methods",
"D: The record of the method of preservation of documents in history books"
] |
1,837 | 3 | Reason is easy to understand, it is common sense and common sense, it is easy to tell whether it is reasonable or not, and it is not easy to follow blindly. The truth is different, either the mystery of the natural world or the law of history. These are things that ordinary people do not understand. In front of the truth, the common people are in an absolutely low position, and only rely on the knowledge instilled in them by the elites above. They do not know whether it is reasonable or not. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options is intended to be explained by the above text? | [
"The reason why truth is more authoritative than reason",
"The reason why truth is harder to understand than reason",
"The reason why truth is more mixed than reason",
"The reason why truth is more deceptive than reason"
] | false | true | true | false | true | D | [
"A: The reason why truth is more authoritative than reason",
"B: The reason why truth is harder to understand than reason",
"C: The reason why truth is more mixed than reason",
"D: The reason why truth is more deceptive than reason"
] |
5,414 | 1 | Air pollutants are divided into primary pollutants and secondary pollutants. After being discharged into the atmosphere from the pollution source, direct air pollution is called primary pollutants, mainly including sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter (floating dust, falling dust, oil fume, etc.), nitrogen, oxygen-containing, nitrogen, chlorine, sulfur organic compounds and radioactive substances. Secondary pollutants are pollutants exposed to sunlight, The primary pollutants discharged into the environment change under the action of physical, chemical or biological factors, or react with other substances in the environment to form new pollutants with different physical and chemical properties from the primary pollutants. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above definition, which of the followings does not mention secondary pollutants: | [
"Sulfur dioxide emitted by volcanic eruptions combined with oxygen in the atmosphere will form sulfuric acid fog or sulfate aerosol, causing environmental acidification, which will also affect climate change through direct or indirect radiation forcing",
"Particulate matter is solid and liquid particles floating ... | false | true | true | false | true | B | [
"A: Sulfur dioxide emitted by volcanic eruptions combined with oxygen in the atmosphere will form sulfuric acid fog or sulfate aerosol, causing environmental acidification, which will also affect climate change through direct or indirect radiation forcing",
"B: Particulate matter is solid and liquid particles flo... |
2,224 | 1 | From the perspective of legal operation, it has been proposed that the application for heritage of peasant paintings will cause contradictions in the determination of copyright, because the authors of the national and national cultural heritage are collective and anonymous. The author of peasant painting is very clear and has the subject and object conditions stipulated in the copyright law. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the context, which of the following statements is incorrect? | [
"The peasant paintings owns the copyright of the work",
"The peasant paintings does not belong to the culture of a country or nation",
"Cultural heritage usually cannot belong to a single individual",
"The nature of copyright may affect peasant paintings application for heritage"
] | false | true | true | false | true | B | [
"A: The peasant paintings owns the copyright of the work",
"B: The peasant paintings does not belong to the culture of a country or nation",
"C: Cultural heritage usually cannot belong to a single individual",
"D: The nature of copyright may affect peasant paintings application for heritage"
] |
12,821 | 3 | A law that is not consistently enforced does not serve its purpose. Law without enforcement is not law; it is merely statute -- a promise of law. To institute real law is not merely to declare that such and such behavior is forbidden; it is also to punish those who violate that edict. Furthermore, those who enforce law must punish without favor for their friends or malice for their enemies. To punish only those one dislikes while forgiving others is not to enforce law but to engage in the arbitrary and unjust exercise of power. | {'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The main point of the passage is that instituting real law consists in | [
"the exercise of power",
"understanding the purpose of law",
"clearly defining unacceptable behavior",
"the unbiased punishment of prohibited behavior"
] | false | true | true | false | false | D | [
"A: the exercise of power",
"B: understanding the purpose of law",
"C: clearly defining unacceptable behavior",
"D: the unbiased punishment of prohibited behavior"
] |
12,954 | 1 | An overly centralized economy, not the changes in the climate, is responsible for the poor agricultural production in Country X since its new government came to power. Neighboring Country Y has experienced the same climatic conditions, but while agricultural production has been falling in Country X, it has been rising in Country Y. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above? | [
"Industrial production also is declining in Country X.",
"The crops that have always been grown in Country X are different from those that have always been grown in Country Y.",
"Both Country X and Country Y have been experiencing drought conditions.",
"Country X's new government instituted a centralized econ... | false | false | true | true | true | B | [
"A: Industrial production also is declining in Country X.",
"B: The crops that have always been grown in Country X are different from those that have always been grown in Country Y.",
"C: Both Country X and Country Y have been experiencing drought conditions.",
"D: Country X's new government instituted a cent... |
13,384 | 0 | Because the statement all gray rabbits are rabbits is true, it follows by analogy that the statement all suspected criminals are criminals is also true. | {'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The reasoning above is flawed because it fails to recognize that | [
"the relationship between being a gray rabbit and being a rabbit is not of the same kind as that between being a suspected criminal and being a criminal",
"not all criminals are suspected",
"the relationship between being a criminal and being a rabbit is not of the same kind as that between being suspected and ... | false | false | true | true | false | A | [
"A: the relationship between being a gray rabbit and being a rabbit is not of the same kind as that between being a suspected criminal and being a criminal",
"B: not all criminals are suspected",
"C: the relationship between being a criminal and being a rabbit is not of the same kind as that between being suspe... |
10,791 | 3 | Nuclear fusion is a process whereby the nuclei of atoms are joined, or fused, and in which energy is released. One of the by-products of fusion is helium-4 gas. A recent fusion experiment was conducted using heavy water contained in a sealed flask. The flask was, in turn, contained in an air-filled chamber designed to eliminate extraneous vibration. After the experiment, a measurable amount of helium-4 gas was found in the air of the chamber. The experimenters cited this evidence in support of their conclusion that fusion had been achieved. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following, if true, would cast doubt on the experimenters' conclusion? | [
"Helium-4 gas rapidly breaks down, forming ordinary helium gas after a few hours.",
"When fusion is achieved, it normally produces several by-products, including tritium and gamma rays.",
"Nuclear fusion reactions are characterized by the release of large amounts of heat.",
"The amount of helium-4 found in th... | false | true | true | false | true | D | [
"A: Helium-4 gas rapidly breaks down, forming ordinary helium gas after a few hours.",
"B: When fusion is achieved, it normally produces several by-products, including tritium and gamma rays.",
"C: Nuclear fusion reactions are characterized by the release of large amounts of heat.",
"D: The amount of helium-4... |
7,605 | 0 | The primary group refers to a social group with close interpersonal relationships and a strong emotional color; the secondary group refers to a social group that forms a formal relationship through clear rules and regulations for the purpose of achieving practical special goals. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above definition, which of the following does not involve the primary group? | [
"Wang Liying had her birthday today, and the employees of the company bought her a birthday cake",
"Grandpa Zhang is 100 years old this year, and he established an organizing committee to celebrate his birthday and younger generations",
"Grandma Li was sick and was hospitalized, and neighbors in the village cam... | false | false | true | false | true | A | [
"A: Wang Liying had her birthday today, and the employees of the company bought her a birthday cake",
"B: Grandpa Zhang is 100 years old this year, and he established an organizing committee to celebrate his birthday and younger generations",
"C: Grandma Li was sick and was hospitalized, and neighbors in the vi... |
5,367 | 3 | The multiple cropping index refers to the ratio of the total sown area of crops to the area of arable land within a year, and is generally expressed as a percentage. The level of the multiple cropping index is restricted by the local sunshine, soil, water conservancy, fertilizer, labor, and scientific and technological conditions. Good sunshine conditions, Long frost-free period, sufficient moisture, reasonable interplanting, etc. are the basis for improving the multiple cropping index. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above definition, which of the followings about the multiple index is correct? | [
"From south to north in my country, the regional multiple cropping index is gradually increasing.",
"The multiple cropping index is closely related to the longitude of the area.",
"The multiple cropping index in spring and autumn is higher than that in summer and winter.",
"High level of agricultural science ... | false | false | true | false | true | D | [
"A: From south to north in my country, the regional multiple cropping index is gradually increasing.",
"B: The multiple cropping index is closely related to the longitude of the area.",
"C: The multiple cropping index in spring and autumn is higher than that in summer and winter.",
"D: High level of agricultu... |
12,833 | 3 | Editorialist: There would seem to be little hazard for consumers associated with chemicals used in treated lumber because the lumber is used outside where fumes cannot accumulate. However, immediate steps should be taken to determine the safety of these chemicals since consumers could ingest them. If the lumber is used for children' s playground equipment, youngsters could put their mouths on the wood, and if it is used to contain soil in a vegetable garden, the chemicals could leach into the soil. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the editorialist's argument? | [
"The chemicals used in treated lumber are apparently not dangerous to the consumer.",
"Treated lumber is more dangerous than was once believed.",
"Parents should not allow children to put their mouths on playground equipment.",
"The effects on humans from the chemicals in treated lumber should be studied."
] | false | false | true | true | true | D | [
"A: The chemicals used in treated lumber are apparently not dangerous to the consumer.",
"B: Treated lumber is more dangerous than was once believed.",
"C: Parents should not allow children to put their mouths on playground equipment.",
"D: The effects on humans from the chemicals in treated lumber should be ... |
2,686 | 3 | Many adults often remember only a few famous sentences in the three hundred Tang Poems that they were familiar with when they were children, but do not know the author or the name of the poem. There are only three grades of master's degree students in the Chinese Department of School A, and the number of students in each grade is equal. Statistics show that all the first-year students can match the famous sentences in the book with the poem names and their authors; the second-year students in 2 /3 can correspond to the famous sentences in the book with the author; and the students in grade 3 in 1/3 can't match the famous sentences in the book with the names of poems. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above information, which of the following can be obtained about the master's degree students in the Chinese department of the university? | [
"Students with a master's degree above 1/3 cannot match the famous sentences in the book with the name of the poem or the author",
"Most master's degree students can match the famous sentences in the book with the name of the poem and its author",
"The freshmen and sophomores above 1/ 3 can't match the famous s... | true | true | true | false | true | D | [
"A: Students with a master's degree above 1/3 cannot match the famous sentences in the book with the name of the poem or the author",
"B: Most master's degree students can match the famous sentences in the book with the name of the poem and its author",
"C: The freshmen and sophomores above 1/ 3 can't match the... |
12,873 | 2 | The governmental archives of a country recently freed from dictatorship contain no material incriminating the country' s most notorious dictator in certain crimes that political observers believed him to have instigated. In fact, the archives contain documents implicating others in these crimes. Ttherefore, even though this dictator was probably guilty of many other crimes, the political observers' belief that he was also guilty of these crimes is almost certainly wrong. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True} | The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it | [
"presumes, without providing justification, that rulers should not be held responsible for unjust actions carried out by their subordinates",
"fails to consider the possibility that the political observers might have wished to make the dictator appear worse than he really was",
"fails to justify its presumption... | true | false | false | true | true | C | [
"A: presumes, without providing justification, that rulers should not be held responsible for unjust actions carried out by their subordinates",
"B: fails to consider the possibility that the political observers might have wished to make the dictator appear worse than he really was",
"C: fails to justify its pr... |
6,437 | 0 | The emergence of computers has changed our lives to a great extent. Sitting in front of the computer typing, browsing, more and more instead of pen writing, holding books to read. But the computer not only brings convenience, but also has a strong impact on the traditional culture, even some excellent traditional culture is gradually away from us. Calligraphy is the treasure of Chinese culture and the embodiment of the national spirit, but in front of the computer, the group of practicing calligraphy is shrinking, and the charming calligraphy works are gradually fading out of people's sight. It is urgent to protect traditional culture and calligraphy art. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options is the most suitable as the title of this paragraph? | [
"It is urgent to protect the art of calligraphy in the computer age",
"Calligraphy should be handed down even in the computer age",
"The traditional culture in the computer age must not fade out",
"To learn calligraphy in the computer age is to inherit the national spirit"
] | true | false | true | true | true | A | [
"A: It is urgent to protect the art of calligraphy in the computer age",
"B: Calligraphy should be handed down even in the computer age",
"C: The traditional culture in the computer age must not fade out",
"D: To learn calligraphy in the computer age is to inherit the national spirit"
] |
14,734 | 1 | Pizzerias are the only restaurants that routinely record the names, addresses, and menu selections of their customers. Simply by organizing these data, they can easily identify regular, average, and infrequent customers. Ttherefore, pizzerias utilize direct-mail marketing more effectively than do other restaurants. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following, if assumed, enables the argument's conclusion to be properly inferred? | [
"Restaurants other than pizzerias cannot easily identify regular, average, and infrequent customers.",
"Restaurants that routinely record names, addresses, and menu selections of their customers always utilize direct-mail marketing more effectively than do any other restaurants.",
"For restaurants, utilizing di... | true | false | true | false | true | B | [
"A: Restaurants other than pizzerias cannot easily identify regular, average, and infrequent customers.",
"B: Restaurants that routinely record names, addresses, and menu selections of their customers always utilize direct-mail marketing more effectively than do any other restaurants.",
"C: For restaurants, uti... |
9,783 | 0 | Science and art are like the two sides of a coin, which are based on human creativity and pursue the universality of truth. Scientific communication is also a kind of creative activity, in which practitioners transform science into content that is easy for the public to understand by various means and ways, so as to realize communication, stimulate people's awareness and appreciation of science, and form an objective and rational attitude towards science. In this process, it is also necessary to combine science with art. From the perspective of academic peer communication, many famous academic journals have artistic covers, which are the result of the combination of science and art. Science communication for the general public needs to combine education with fun, and its significance is nothing more than to emphasize that the dissemination of information should be grafted into artistic means, so as to touch the nerves of the public and resonate with them. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the followings is the most suitable title for this passage? | [
"Science communication is also an art",
"Science and Art, the two sides of the coin",
"Grafting Art, science becomes popular culture",
"Art cover, the cross-border combination of Science and Art"
] | true | false | true | true | true | A | [
"A: Science communication is also an art",
"B: Science and Art, the two sides of the coin",
"C: Grafting Art, science becomes popular culture",
"D: Art cover, the cross-border combination of Science and Art"
] |
11,026 | 1 | A certain auto repair shop services a particular make of car in the downtown region of a particular city. Three years ago, 4% of all repairs at this shop were not successful --- the mechanics were not able to restore the car to a drivable state. This year, only 2% of all repairs were not successful. Clearly, the mechanics training course, given over a year ago, has considerably increased the skill of mechanics at this particular shop, so that fewer cars are beyond their ability to repair. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | All of the following statements, if true, weaken the argument, EXCEPT: | [
"The manufacturer of this particular make of car recalled a few models due to defects that potentially jeopardized the engine.",
"The total number of cars served per year by this shop has increased by 35% over the past three years.",
"Three years ago, statewide smog regulations had the effect of removing the ol... | true | false | true | true | false | B | [
"A: The manufacturer of this particular make of car recalled a few models due to defects that potentially jeopardized the engine.",
"B: The total number of cars served per year by this shop has increased by 35% over the past three years.",
"C: Three years ago, statewide smog regulations had the effect of removi... |
6,240 | 1 | In China, vaccine research, test, approval and production are supervised by the drug inspection system, while vaccination and transportation are mainly supervised by the health system. Vaccine supervision needs to be completed jointly by the drug supervision department and the health department. How to coordinate the supervision scope of the two departments and avoid the blind spot in supervision is very important for the vaccine management in the future market circulation. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following is the meaning of the above paragraph? | [
"After the country opened the vaccine market, the supervision of vaccine cannot keep up.",
"The coordination between the drug inspection system and the health system in vaccine supervision needs to be strengthened.",
"The lack of communication and coordination between the drug supervision system and the health ... | false | false | true | false | true | B | [
"A: After the country opened the vaccine market, the supervision of vaccine cannot keep up.",
"B: The coordination between the drug inspection system and the health system in vaccine supervision needs to be strengthened.",
"C: The lack of communication and coordination between the drug supervision system and th... |
7,853 | 2 | The food safety problem has always been a chronic disease in our country, and the reasons for it, experts said. This is related to the huge profits of certain food industries. It is necessary to expand the production of these industries and increase the supply, and the food safety problem will gradually disappear. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options, if correct, best refutes the above view? | [
"Food safety issues have not been taken seriously, and relevant legislation lags behind",
"my country's efforts to crack down on illegal and criminal acts in the field of food safety are insufficient",
"Milk powder is currently oversupply in our country, and leather milk has recently revived in the market",
"... | false | false | true | true | true | C | [
"A: Food safety issues have not been taken seriously, and relevant legislation lags behind",
"B: my country's efforts to crack down on illegal and criminal acts in the field of food safety are insufficient",
"C: Milk powder is currently oversupply in our country, and leather milk has recently revived in the mar... |
10,055 | 2 | The United States adopted this policy after the 9.11 terrorist attack: Either stand with us against terrorism, then you are our friend; or do not stand with us, then you are our enemy. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the followings is not the same as the expression in the above? | [
"There's a car ad: Either you drive a Cadillac, then you're rich; or you don't drive at all, then you're poor!",
"There are only two fates for people who take football as their profession: either you win, you are a hero, facing flowers, cheers, money, and beauties; or you lose, you are a coward and an idiot, faci... | false | true | true | false | true | C | [
"A: There's a car ad: Either you drive a Cadillac, then you're rich; or you don't drive at all, then you're poor!",
"B: There are only two fates for people who take football as their profession: either you win, you are a hero, facing flowers, cheers, money, and beauties; or you lose, you are a coward and an idiot... |
7,288 | 0 | If unit A does not break the rules, then unit B will not be praised. Unit B gets praise, or unit B's staff sun does not get praise. If the audit is no problem, Unit A did not break the rules. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True} | If the above conditions are true, which of the following, if true, can lead to the conclusion that there is a problem with the audit? | [
"Unit B's staff Sun was praised.",
"Unit A did not break the rules.",
"Unit B break the rules.",
"Unit B's staff Sun did not get praise."
] | true | true | false | true | true | A | [
"A: Unit B's staff Sun was praised.",
"B: Unit A did not break the rules.",
"C: Unit B break the rules.",
"D: Unit B's staff Sun did not get praise."
] |
14,634 | 2 | United States politician: Although the amount of United States goods shipped to Mexico doubled in the year after tariffs on trade between the two countries were reduced, it does not follow that the reduction in tariffs caused the sales of United States goods to companies and consumers in Mexico to double that year, because __ | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following, if true, most logically completes the politician's argument? | [
"many of the United States companies that produced goods that year had competitors based in Mexico that had long produced the same kind of goods",
"there was no significant change in the employment rate in either of the countries that year",
"most of the increase in goods shipped by United States companies to M... | false | false | true | true | true | C | [
"A: many of the United States companies that produced goods that year had competitors based in Mexico that had long produced the same kind of goods",
"B: there was no significant change in the employment rate in either of the countries that year",
"C: most of the increase in goods shipped by United States compa... |
3,101 | 2 | Generalization refers to a logical error in applying inductive reasoning to draw a conclusion only based on the investigation of a few non typical objects, or even ignoring the existence of counterexamples, and treat this conclusion as a reliable conclusion. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following inferences does not involve generalization? | [
"According to the fact that several businessmen such as Zhang, Wang and Li have evaded taxes, someone comes to the conclusion that no businessman does not evade taxes.",
"A, B and C used to be very poor. After joining the MLM organization, they soon got rid of poverty and built a new house. Therefore, MLM can mak... | false | true | true | false | true | C | [
"A: According to the fact that several businessmen such as Zhang, Wang and Li have evaded taxes, someone comes to the conclusion that no businessman does not evade taxes.",
"B: A, B and C used to be very poor. After joining the MLM organization, they soon got rid of poverty and built a new house. Therefore, MLM c... |
3,765 | 2 | Four people are talking about Lao Tian's deposit. A said, Lao Tian has a deposit of at least 5,000 yuan. B said, No, there is at least ten thousand yuan. C said, his savings is less than twenty thousand. Ding said, there is at least one hundred yuan in Lao Tian's passbook. In fact, only one of them is right. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following can be derived from this? | [
"A is right",
"B is right",
"Lao Tian's deposit is less than 100 yuan",
"Lao Tian's deposit is between 5,000 yuan and 20,000 yuan"
] | true | false | true | false | true | C | [
"A: A is right",
"B: B is right",
"C: Lao Tian's deposit is less than 100 yuan",
"D: Lao Tian's deposit is between 5,000 yuan and 20,000 yuan"
] |
10,963 | 1 | When a threat to life is common, as are automobile and industrial accidents, only unusual instances tend to be prominently reported by the news media. Instances of rare threats, such as product tampering, however, are seen as news by reporters and are universally reported in featured stories. People in general tend to estimate the risk of various threats by how frequently those threats come to their attention. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | If the statements above are true, which one of the following is most strongly supported on the basis of them? | [
"The resources that are spent on avoiding product tampering are greater than the resources that are spent on avoiding threats that stem from the weather.",
"Those who get their information primarily from the news media tend to overestimate the risk of uncommon threats relative to the risk of common threats.",
"... | true | true | true | true | true | B | [
"A: The resources that are spent on avoiding product tampering are greater than the resources that are spent on avoiding threats that stem from the weather.",
"B: Those who get their information primarily from the news media tend to overestimate the risk of uncommon threats relative to the risk of common threats.... |
11,453 | 3 | Analyst: Any new natural-gas-powered electrical generation station needs to be located close to a natural-gas pipeline, a large body of water for cooling, and transmission lines. It also must be situated in a region where residents will not oppose construction. Our country has an extensive system of transmission lines, but our natural-gas pipelines run in the vicinity of only three of our large bodies of water, and residents would oppose any significant construction projects near these bodies of water. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The analyst's statements, if true, most strongly support which one of the following statements about the analyst's country? | [
"There currently is no natural-gas-powered electrical generation station near any of the three largest bodies of water.",
"Future electrical needs will have to be met by alternatives to natural-gas-powered generation.",
"If a new natural-gas -powered electrical station is built in a region, many residents will ... | true | false | true | true | true | D | [
"A: There currently is no natural-gas-powered electrical generation station near any of the three largest bodies of water.",
"B: Future electrical needs will have to be met by alternatives to natural-gas-powered generation.",
"C: If a new natural-gas -powered electrical station is built in a region, many reside... |
14,177 | 0 | A prominent investor who holds a large stake in the Burton Tool Company has recently claimed that the company is mismanaged. As evidence for this claim, the investor cited the company' s failure to slow production in response to a recent rise in its inventory of finished products. It is doubtful whether an investor' s sniping at management can ever be anything other than counterproductive, but <b> in this case it is clearly not justified </b>. It is true that an increased inventory of finished products often indicates that production is outstripping demand. <b> In Burton' s case it indicates no such thing </b>, however: the increase in inventory is entirely attributable to products that have already been assigned to orders received from customers. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles? | [
"The first states the conclusion of the argument as a whole; the second states an intermediate conclusion that is drawn in order to support that conclusion.",
"The first provides evidence to support the conclusion of the argument as a whole; the second states that conclusion.",
"The first is the position that t... | true | false | true | false | true | A | [
"A: The first states the conclusion of the argument as a whole; the second states an intermediate conclusion that is drawn in order to support that conclusion.",
"B: The first provides evidence to support the conclusion of the argument as a whole; the second states that conclusion.",
"C: The first is the positi... |
14,365 | 0 | The public interest comprises many interests and the broadcast media must serve all of them. Perhaps most television viewers would prefer an action show to an opera. But a constant stream of action shows on all channels is not in the public interest. Thus, __. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following most logically completes the argument? | [
"broadcasters' obligations are not satisfied if they look only to popularity to decide their programming schedules",
"the popularity of a television program is a poor indicator of its artistic quality",
"broadcast media could be rightly accused of neglecting the public interest only if all channels carried most... | true | false | true | true | true | A | [
"A: broadcasters' obligations are not satisfied if they look only to popularity to decide their programming schedules",
"B: the popularity of a television program is a poor indicator of its artistic quality",
"C: broadcast media could be rightly accused of neglecting the public interest only if all channels car... |
7,221 | 1 | Only one of the following statements about the failure of computer A is true | {'Disjunctive Reasoning': True} | The true judgment is: | [
"The graphics card is broken",
"If the motherboard is broken, the memory module must have failed",
"The motherboard or graphics card is broken",
"The motherboard is broken"
] | false | true | false | false | false | B | [
"A: The graphics card is broken",
"B: If the motherboard is broken, the memory module must have failed",
"C: The motherboard or graphics card is broken",
"D: The motherboard is broken"
] |
1,724 | 3 | Poverty often conjures up images of low mud huts, shabby bedding and cloudy eyes. These are indeed poor people living below the city's minimum standard of living. The man died of illness and owed a lot of money. One of his two children was disabled, but their house was bright and clean, with a refrigerator, a washing machine, and beautiful curtains and curtains. The hostess's smile is as clear as her house, she said, refrigerator, washing machine are neighbors eliminated down to send, curtains and curtains are made of their own paper, the children are very sensible, finished homework to help me do odd jobs...... | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following does not include the truth of this passage? | [
"Poverty is only a temporary lack of material life, resulting in a lifelong lack of mental distress",
"Out of the psychological shadow, keep good hope, life is a bit of change",
"Adversity is like a knife. Grasping at the blade hurts, but at the handle helps",
"Adversity is an essential part of life, and to i... | true | false | true | false | true | D | [
"A: Poverty is only a temporary lack of material life, resulting in a lifelong lack of mental distress",
"B: Out of the psychological shadow, keep good hope, life is a bit of change",
"C: Adversity is like a knife. Grasping at the blade hurts, but at the handle helps",
"D: Adversity is an essential part of li... |
13,391 | 0 | Modern flamingos derive their pink coloration from pigments stored in tiny shrimp that they filter from shallow, salty waters. The shrimp get this pigment from tiny red algae that they filter through their leg bristles. In the Jurassic period (about 200 million years ago), both algae and shrimp were an excellent source of food for any larger animal equipped to sieve them out of the water through an anatomical strainer. The Argentine pterodactyl possessed a row of thin, bristlelike teeth through which it pumped water, straining out any tiny food particles in the process. Thus, because it was able to filter both algae and shrimp, it is reasonable to conclude that the pterodactyl acquired a pink coloration. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following statements, if true, strengthens the argument for the existence of a pink pterodactyl? | [
"The Argentine pterodactyl's habitat included shallow seas that were particularly rich in red algae and shrimp.",
"If the Argentine pterodactyl did not eat a diet containing red algae, its color was determined by factors other than diet.",
"The Argentine pterodactyl inhabited the shores of shallow freshwater se... | true | false | true | false | true | A | [
"A: The Argentine pterodactyl's habitat included shallow seas that were particularly rich in red algae and shrimp.",
"B: If the Argentine pterodactyl did not eat a diet containing red algae, its color was determined by factors other than diet.",
"C: The Argentine pterodactyl inhabited the shores of shallow fres... |
12,528 | 1 | M: The Greek alphabet must have been invented by some individual who knew the Phoenician writing system and who wanted to have some way of recording Homeric epics and thereby preserving expressions of a highly developed tradition of oral poetry. P: Your hypothesis is laughable! What would have been the point of such a person' s writing Homeric epics down? Surely a person who knew them well enough to write them down would not need to read them; and no one else could read them, according to your hypothesis. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following is an argumentative strategy that P uses in responding to M? | [
"providing an alternative interpretation of evidence put forward by M",
"attempting to undermine M's hypothesis by making it appear absurd",
"disagreeing with M's thesis without attempting to refute it",
"challenging M's knowledge of the Phoenician writing system"
] | true | false | true | false | true | B | [
"A: providing an alternative interpretation of evidence put forward by M",
"B: attempting to undermine M's hypothesis by making it appear absurd",
"C: disagreeing with M's thesis without attempting to refute it",
"D: challenging M's knowledge of the Phoenician writing system"
] |
14,508 | 2 | Critic: The idealized world portrayed in romance literature is diametrically opposed to the debased world portrayed in satirical literature. Nevertheless, the major characters in both types of works have moral qualities that reflect the worlds in which they are presented. Comedy and tragedy, meanwhile, require that the moral qualities of major characters change during the course of the action. Ttherefore, neither tragedy nor comedy can be classified as satirical literature or romance literature. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The critic's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed? | [
"If a character in a tragedy is idealized at the beginning of the action depicted in the tragedy, he or she must be debased at the end.",
"Some characters in comedies and tragedies are neither debased nor idealized.",
"In romance literature and satirical literature, characters' moral qualities do not change dur... | false | true | true | false | true | C | [
"A: If a character in a tragedy is idealized at the beginning of the action depicted in the tragedy, he or she must be debased at the end.",
"B: Some characters in comedies and tragedies are neither debased nor idealized.",
"C: In romance literature and satirical literature, characters' moral qualities do not c... |
2,048 | 3 | Buzzwords are the direct reflection of people's social life and reflect the color of the times. Just like electricity derives a batch of words with electricity, the emergence of network will inevitably derive a number of words with network, which makes network change from a new word to a basic word. Network-related words will gradually establish their own position in the Chinese word system. Neologisms that use ideographic methods are more acceptable, such as PC. Machine-personal computer , E-mail , etc. If we restrict and criticize the new words too strictly, it will limit its vitality and is not conducive to the construction of a harmonious language life. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options is the most suitable for the title of this paragraph? | [
"Language phenomena are complex and language concepts are becoming more and more diverse.",
"The phenomenon of new language attracts people's attention.",
"An informal discussion of popular words.",
"We should adopt a tolerant attitude towards the new phenomena in language life."
] | true | false | true | true | true | D | [
"A: Language phenomena are complex and language concepts are becoming more and more diverse.",
"B: The phenomenon of new language attracts people's attention.",
"C: An informal discussion of popular words.",
"D: We should adopt a tolerant attitude towards the new phenomena in language life."
] |
8,916 | 0 | In a magic show, from the seven magicians - G.H.K.L.N.P and Q, select 6 to perform, perform into two teams: 1 team and 2 team. Each team by the front, middle and after three positions, playing the magician just each occupies a position, the selection and position arrangement of the magician must meet the following conditions :(1) if the arrangement of G or H play, they must be in the front. (2) If K is to play, he must be in the middle. (3) If L is to play, he must be in team 1. (4) Neither P nor K can be on the same team as N. (5) P cannot be in the same team as Q. (6) If H is in team 2, Q is in the middle position of team 1. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | If H is in team 2, which of the followings is listed as an acceptable arrangement for team 1? | [
"Front: L Middle: Q Rear: N",
"Front: G Middle: K Rear: N",
"Front: L Middle: Q Rear: G",
"Front: Q Middle: K Rear: L"
] | true | true | true | false | true | A | [
"A: Front: L Middle: Q Rear: N",
"B: Front: G Middle: K Rear: N",
"C: Front: L Middle: Q Rear: G",
"D: Front: Q Middle: K Rear: L"
] |
2,587 | 2 | In a paper published in the Journal of Pediatrics, researchers at a university medical school in the United States pointed out that after a follow-up survey of children from 2,702 families, it was found that if children watched TV for more than two hours a day before the age of 5, their risk of behavioural problems will more than double when they grow up. The so-called behavior problems refer to withdrawn personality, rude words and deeds, aggression against others, difficult to cooperate with others, and so on. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following best explains the above argument? | [
"TV programs can make children curious and easily lead to violence.",
"There are a lot of contents in TV programs that can easily make children in a state of tension and fear for a long time.",
"Watching TV for too long will affect the child's interaction with other people, and over time, the child will lack ex... | true | false | true | true | true | C | [
"A: TV programs can make children curious and easily lead to violence.",
"B: There are a lot of contents in TV programs that can easily make children in a state of tension and fear for a long time.",
"C: Watching TV for too long will affect the child's interaction with other people, and over time, the child wil... |
14,603 | 0 | If all works of art evoke intense feelings, and this sculpture is a work of art, then it follows that this sculpture evokes intense feelings. But this sculpture does not evoke intense feelings at all. So either this sculpture is not a work of art, or not all works of art evoke intense feelings. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its pattern of reasoning to the argument above? | [
"If all vitamins are safe in large doses, and betacarotene is a vitamin, then it follows that beta-carotene is safe in large doses. But betacarotene is not safe in large doses. So not all vitamins are safe in large doses, or betacarotene is not a vitamin.",
"If all sciences rely heavily on mathematics, and clinic... | true | true | true | true | true | A | [
"A: If all vitamins are safe in large doses, and betacarotene is a vitamin, then it follows that beta-carotene is safe in large doses. But betacarotene is not safe in large doses. So not all vitamins are safe in large doses, or betacarotene is not a vitamin.",
"B: If all sciences rely heavily on mathematics, and ... |
4,737 | 1 | Stockholm Syndrome refers to the emotions of the victim after being controlled by the criminal for a period of time, and even help the criminal in turn. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above definition, which of thes following does not belong to Stockholm Syndrome? | [
"A bank employee was hijacked by a criminal for several days, and after being rescued, he/she was engaged to the criminal while serving the sentence",
"When a certain person A broke into one house, he was discovered by owner B. A threatened B with a knife and forced B to tell his bank card password. During the co... | false | false | true | false | true | B | [
"A: A bank employee was hijacked by a criminal for several days, and after being rescued, he/she was engaged to the criminal while serving the sentence",
"B: When a certain person A broke into one house, he was discovered by owner B. A threatened B with a knife and forced B to tell his bank card password. During ... |
4,388 | 0 | The term emergency risk avoidance refers to an act that may not be taken to damage the legitimate rights and interests of another party in order to protect the state, public interests, personal, property and other rights of oneself or others from ongoing danger. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following circumstances belongs to emergency risk avoidance: | [
"Du was chased and bitten by a mad dog in the street. In a hurry, he kicked open Liu's door and rushed into the house",
"When fighting a fire in a villager's house, fireman li of a county fire brigade did not enter the house to rescue Li's son because the house was in danger of collapse, resulting in burns",
"O... | false | true | true | false | true | A | [
"A: Du was chased and bitten by a mad dog in the street. In a hurry, he kicked open Liu's door and rushed into the house",
"B: When fighting a fire in a villager's house, fireman li of a county fire brigade did not enter the house to rescue Li's son because the house was in danger of collapse, resulting in burns"... |
15,186 | 1 | A chemical present in all grapes helps reduce blood cholesterol in humans. The chemical is also present in red wine and grape juice, bECACAut not in white wine. Both red wine and grape juice are produced using whole grapes; white wine is produced without using the grape skins. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The information above, if true, most strongly supports which of the following conclusions? | [
"The skins of red grapes but not of other grapes contain the chemical that reduces blood cholesterol.",
"The chemical that reduces blood cholesterol is found in the skins but not in other parts of grapes.",
"The chemical that reduces blood cholesterol is present only in beverages, rather than solid foods, that ... | true | true | true | true | true | B | [
"A: The skins of red grapes but not of other grapes contain the chemical that reduces blood cholesterol.",
"B: The chemical that reduces blood cholesterol is found in the skins but not in other parts of grapes.",
"C: The chemical that reduces blood cholesterol is present only in beverages, rather than solid foo... |
5,878 | 2 | The popularization of computer and the emergence of the network are changing the way of social information transmission, also changing people's entertainment, but also make the traditional media by a huge impact. Many people spend so much time in front of the computer that they even become Internet autistic. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options can be inferred? | [
"The movie's downturn was caused by the advent of computers",
"Internet autism is caused by computers",
"Not being in contact with others is a cause of Internet autism",
"Long-term dealing with computers is harmful to human health"
] | false | false | true | false | true | C | [
"A: The movie's downturn was caused by the advent of computers",
"B: Internet autism is caused by computers",
"C: Not being in contact with others is a cause of Internet autism",
"D: Long-term dealing with computers is harmful to human health"
] |
12,105 | 3 | A person' s personality is linked to that person' s genes. And since a person' s genes do not ordinarily change over time, it follows that a person' s personality remains unchanged with the passing of time. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following is most closely parallel in its reasoning to the flawed reasoning in the argument above? | [
"The levels of certain hormones control body temperature. Ttherefore, if one has a high fever, the levels of one's hormones must be elevated as well.",
"Market forces are to some degree influenced by governmental actions. Hence, a change in the government's policies could result in a change in the economy.",
"I... | false | false | true | true | true | D | [
"A: The levels of certain hormones control body temperature. Ttherefore, if one has a high fever, the levels of one's hormones must be elevated as well.",
"B: Market forces are to some degree influenced by governmental actions. Hence, a change in the government's policies could result in a change in the economy."... |
13,936 | 2 | People who do regular volunteer work tend to live longer, on average, than people who do not. It has been found that doing good, a category that certainly includes volunteer work, releases endorphins, the brain's natural opiates, which induce in people a feeling of well-being. Clearly, there is a connection: Regular releases of endorphins must in some way help to extend people's lives. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the force of the evidence given as support for the hypothesis that endorphins promote longevity? | [
"There are many people who have done some volunteer work but who do not do such work regularly.",
"Although extremely high levels of endorphins could be harmful to health, such levels are never reached as a result of the natural release of endorphins.",
"People tend not to become involved in regular volunteer w... | true | false | true | true | true | C | [
"A: There are many people who have done some volunteer work but who do not do such work regularly.",
"B: Although extremely high levels of endorphins could be harmful to health, such levels are never reached as a result of the natural release of endorphins.",
"C: People tend not to become involved in regular vo... |
4,382 | 0 | Xiao Zhou, Xiao Wu, Xiao Deng and Xiao Wang's occupations are: dancers, nurses, teachers and costume designers. I also know that Xiao Zhou's salary is higher than nurses, and Xiao Zheng's salary is lower than Xiao Wu's, dancers. The salary is lower than that of a costume designer, and the costume designer is either Xiao Zheng or Xiao Wang. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Based on the above statement, which of the followings is true? | [
"Four people's occupations can be determined.",
"Only three people's occupations can be determined.",
"Only two people's occupations can be determined.",
"All the four people's occupations cannot be determined."
] | true | true | true | false | true | A | [
"A: Four people's occupations can be determined.",
"B: Only three people's occupations can be determined.",
"C: Only two people's occupations can be determined.",
"D: All the four people's occupations cannot be determined."
] |
11,852 | 0 | Ms. Smith: I am upset that my son' s entire class lost two days of recess because some of the children were throwing raisins in the cafeteria. He was not throwing raisins, and it was clear to everyone just who the culprits were. Principal: I' m sorry you' re upset, Ms. Smith, but your son' s situation is like being caught in a traffic jam caused by an accident. People who aren' t involved in the accident nevertheless have to suffer by sitting there in the middle of it. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The principal's response to Ms. Smith's complaint is most vulnerable to criticism on which one of the following grounds? | [
"It does not acknowledge the fact that a traffic jam following an accident is unavoidable while the mass punishment was avoidable.",
"It makes a generalization about all the children in the class which is not justified by the facts.",
"It assumes that Ms. Smith's son is guilty when there is evidence to the cont... | true | false | true | true | true | A | [
"A: It does not acknowledge the fact that a traffic jam following an accident is unavoidable while the mass punishment was avoidable.",
"B: It makes a generalization about all the children in the class which is not justified by the facts.",
"C: It assumes that Ms. Smith's son is guilty when there is evidence to... |
5,567 | 3 | People who regularly take part in diving are generally healthier than those who do not take part in diving. It can be seen that diving exercise can exercise and improve physical health. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options best challenges the above argument? | [
"No matter who, participate in diving sports, is to exercise, improve health",
"Exercise to improve health in many ways, for example, to participate in long-distance running, ball activities, swimming, etc. can exercise, improve health",
"Diving is a very dangerous sport, and every year some people get injured ... | true | false | true | true | true | D | [
"A: No matter who, participate in diving sports, is to exercise, improve health",
"B: Exercise to improve health in many ways, for example, to participate in long-distance running, ball activities, swimming, etc. can exercise, improve health",
"C: Diving is a very dangerous sport, and every year some people get... |
7,749 | 2 | Linguistic intelligence refers to the use of computer programs to achieve language communication between humans and machines, or to allow machines to autonomously complete language-related tasks. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following is linguistic intelligence? | [
"The artificial intelligence Alpha Dog defeated many world-class Go masters with absolute advantage in the man-machine battle that lasted for several months",
"In order to expand foreign markets, a company's new products have set language switching buttons. With these buttons, users can switch between multilingua... | false | true | true | false | true | C | [
"A: The artificial intelligence Alpha Dog defeated many world-class Go masters with absolute advantage in the man-machine battle that lasted for several months",
"B: In order to expand foreign markets, a company's new products have set language switching buttons. With these buttons, users can switch between multi... |
11,168 | 1 | The energy an animal must expend to move uphill is proportional to its body weight, whereas the animal' s energy output available to perform this task is proportional to its surface area. This is the reason that small animals, like squirrels, can run up a tree trunk almost as fast as they can move on level ground, whereas large animals tend to slow down when they are moving uphill. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True} | Which one of the following is an assumption on which the explanation above depends? | [
"The amount of energy needed to run at a given speed is proportional to the surface area of the running animal.",
"The ratio of surface area to body weight is smaller in large animals than it is in small animals.",
"Small animals can move more rapidly than large animals can.",
"There is little variation in th... | true | false | false | false | true | B | [
"A: The amount of energy needed to run at a given speed is proportional to the surface area of the running animal.",
"B: The ratio of surface area to body weight is smaller in large animals than it is in small animals.",
"C: Small animals can move more rapidly than large animals can.",
"D: There is little var... |
9,572 | 0 | Online social consumption refers to a way of consumption. In the process of online social, it will have the desire to impromptu consumption of certain goods, with the help of the link of the social platform to complete the purchasing behavior. | {'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following options belongs to online social consumption? | [
"Xiao Xia saw an article about a brand of treadmill on Weibo and felt very much to his taste. She did not hesitate to click on a like and bought one through the URL behind Weibo.",
"In the WeChat group of group buying of fruits and vegetables, you can regularly kill the low-priced products released by the group o... | false | true | true | false | true | A | [
"A: Xiao Xia saw an article about a brand of treadmill on Weibo and felt very much to his taste. She did not hesitate to click on a like and bought one through the URL behind Weibo.",
"B: In the WeChat group of group buying of fruits and vegetables, you can regularly kill the low-priced products released by the g... |
13,041 | 1 | Philosopher: Scientists talk about the pursuit of truth, but, like most people, they are self-interested. Accordingly, the professional activities of most scientists are directed toward personal career enhancement, and only incidentally toward the pursuit of truth. Hence, the activities of the scientific community are largely directed toward enhancing the status of that community as a whole, and only incidentally toward the pursuit of truth. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | The reasoning in the philosopher's argument is flawed because the argument | [
"improperly infers that each and every scientist has a certain characteristic from the premise that most scientists have that characteristic",
"improperly draws an inference about the scientific community as a whole from a premise about individual scientists",
"presumes, without giving justification, that the a... | true | false | true | true | true | B | [
"A: improperly infers that each and every scientist has a certain characteristic from the premise that most scientists have that characteristic",
"B: improperly draws an inference about the scientific community as a whole from a premise about individual scientists",
"C: presumes, without giving justification, t... |
2,239 | 0 | Faith, belief and confidence are all important at all times. Small to a person, a collective, to a political party, a nation, a country. As long as you have faith, belief and confidence, you will be more frustrated and diligent, and you will fight more and more bravely, otherwise you will be defeated and collapse without fighting. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Disjunctive Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | According to the above statement, which of the following options can be obtained? | [
"Without faith, belief and confidence, we will defeat ourselves without fighting and collapse without fighting",
"Without faith, belief and confidence, we will not be more frustrated and diligent, and the more we fight, the more brave we will be",
"If we do not fight and defeat ourselves, it means that we have ... | true | true | true | false | true | A | [
"A: Without faith, belief and confidence, we will defeat ourselves without fighting and collapse without fighting",
"B: Without faith, belief and confidence, we will not be more frustrated and diligent, and the more we fight, the more brave we will be",
"C: If we do not fight and defeat ourselves, it means that... |
3,723 | 1 | Excessively dense urban layout is not only easy to produce heat island effect, but also does not meet the requirements of ecological aesthetics. Therefore, urban construction should open the layout as far as possible, reasonably interval the city groups, so that the city looks smooth and orderly, not crowded, not cluttered. | {'Categorical Reasoning': True, 'Sufficient Conditional Reasoning': True, 'Necessry Condtional Reasoning': True, 'Conjunctive Reasoning': True} | Which of the following is most similar to the logic of the discussion process? | [
"Only the combination of interesting stories and popular theories can attract people, make people really understand the connotation and fall in love with science. So, starting with the little things in daily life, popular science can also be very interesting",
"The heavy burden of schoolwork in primary and second... | true | false | true | true | true | B | [
"A: Only the combination of interesting stories and popular theories can attract people, make people really understand the connotation and fall in love with science. So, starting with the little things in daily life, popular science can also be very interesting",
"B: The heavy burden of schoolwork in primary and ... |
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