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GOD is great; first and foremost! Secondly, JESUS is the only Way to Heaven! |
TABLE OF CONTENTS (MENU): |
Introduction |
Pronunciation Parameters |
Word Classes |
The 55 Foundation |
Vocabulary (A to Z) |
Numbers |
The LORD's Prayer |
Books in the Holy Bible |
The 10 Commandments |
Uganda National Anthem |
Lugbara Anthem |
Colours |
The Verb "Be" |
Relationships (The Clan) |
Days of the Week |
Calendar |
Lugbara Proverbs |
Riddles |
Idioms |
Lost in Translation (Lugbara AI) |
Introduction: |
This machine translation tool was created painstakingly from scratch (zero) with gritty nerves on the 3rd Agofe's 90th birthday afternoon (Saturday 26th November 2016) after a South Sudanese Acholi-Madi in Tennessee, USA (named Suzy Abdelfarag [aka Suzzana, Mamur, Akema] who spoke "fluent" Arabic) asked me via Facebook... |
Pronunciation Parameters: |
In Lugbara phonology, every Lugbara word ends with one of the five vowels eg nyanya = tomato; mucele = rice; karoti = carrot; ovakedo = avocado; osu = bean. Letters Q [Kaya] and X [Ekasa, Alamakanda in Aringa dialect] are not used (meaning only 24 on a keyboard can do), but four unique ones with an apostrophe are added... |
aa as in rat, for example leta-a |
c as in church, for example Candiru (though can also be spelt Chandiru) |
dj (letter D is silent) as in jilt, for example odji (pronounced oji) |
ee (preferably single E instead of a long vowel) as in emblem, for example andree (also andre) |
gb (letter G is silent) as in bend, for example Lugbara (pronounced Lubara) |
ii as in import, for example 'di-i (also sometimes written as 'di'i with a glottal stop though archaic); letter I doesn't need to be repeated when noun is not being emphasized eg zii can just be zi, the second I stands for "the one (and only)" |
kp (letter K is silent) as in pen, for example okpo (pronounced opo) |
mv (letter M becomes N) as in conversation, for example omve (pronounced onve) |
oa as in soar, for example Boroa |
oo (preferably single O) as in hold, for example ocoo (also oco); not oo as in food |
uu (preferably single U) as in chew, for example cuu (pronounced chu) |
z (letter Z becomes J after N) as in jean, for example onzi (pronounced onji). Otherwise, most times remains z as in zebra, for example ozu and when the first letter of a word, for example zukulu. |
The Old Vocabulary was small because some words have multiple meanings based on three major tones (to five including rising and falling), pronunciation or context eg o'du can mean day, thigh, omen, leopard; etc. However, the existing language which has a simplified 5-fold framework keeps getting New words added eg simu... |
Some words are borrowed or modified from English plus other languages like Swahili, Luganda, Lingala, etc. Lugbara words are often written the same way they are pronounced; repeated letters especially consonants look ambiguously redundant and can be reformed eg Vurra, Uleppi, Owaffa, Oluffe, Okollo, Ofudde, Mekki, etc ... |
Marks for Simple Tones: |
In English, some words have different spellings, but the same pronunciation eg chase/ chess; chat/ chart; hat/ heart/ hurt; lace/ less; load/ lord; mane/ men; son/ sun; etc. In Lugbara, the same spelling can have different pronunciations (hence meanings) based on three (to five including rising and falling) tones indic... |
´ High tone eg aí [salt], drí [head], tí [cow]; |
- Mid tone eg aī [accept, pray], drī [hand], tī [strangle, drip] (Mid tone is the most common tone in Lugbarati); |
` Low tone eg aì [ask, beg], drì [(to) heat], tì [produce, conceive, give birth]... |
Word Classes include: |
1. Ecipiri [Conj(unction)] |
2. Obi [Adv(erb)] |
3. Ru [N(oun)] |
4. Ruparia [Pron(oun)] |
5. Usuta [Interj(ection)] |
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