Input: "It" "appears" "from" "the" "judgment" "of" "the" "Curtea" "de" "Apel" "București" "(" "Court" "of" "Appeal" "," "Bucharest" ")" "of" "12" "June" "2013" "that" "the" "Romanian" "court" "failed" "to" "properly" "apply" "EU" "law" "(" "32" ")" "in" "rejecting" "the" "objection" "of" "lis" "pendens" "raised" "by" "Mr" "Liberato" "on" "the" "basis" "of" "the" "matrimonial" "proceedings" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "The" "Romanian" "court" "first" "referred" "to" "domestic" "Romanian" "law" "which" "sets" "out" "conditions" "for" "lis" "pendens" "and" "to" "the" "force" "of" "res" "judicata" "to" "find" "that" "‘" "it" "is" "clear" "from" "the" "wording" "of" "Article" "19" "[" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "]" "," "which" "lists" "three" "separate" "instances" "where" "lis" "pendens" "could" "arise" "," "namely" "“" "divorce" "," "legal" "separation" "or" "marriage" "annulment" "between" "the" "same" "parties" "”" "," "that" "the" "two" "concurrent" "sets" "of" "proceedings" "must" "have" "only" "one" "of" "the" "three" "objects" "in" "common" "and" "not" "two" "different" "objects" "out" "of" "those" "expressly" "and" "exhaustively" "listed" "in" "the" "text" "."


Input: "In" "the" "present" "case" "," "the" "two" "sets" "of" "proceedings" "each" "have" "a" "different" "object" "," "namely" "separation" "in" "Italy" "and" "divorce" "in" "Romania" "," "which" "excludes" "the" "application" "of" "Article" "19" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "."


Input: "The" "appeal" "court" "was" "right" "to" "find" "that" "the" "Romanian" "system" "does" "not" "recognise" "the" "status" "of" "separation" "."


Input: "It" "is" "therefore" "clear" "that" "there" "can" "be" "no" "commonality" "with" "separation" "proceedings" "brought" "before" "the" "courts" "of" "another" "Member" "State" "."


Input: "Even" "if" "separation" "were" "a" "recognised" "status" "," "divorce" "and" "separation" "are" "not" "the" "same" "thing" "’" "." "62" "."


Input: "In" "addition" "," "it" "should" "be" "noted" "that" "the" "objection" "of" "lis" "pendens" "raised" "by" "Mr" "Liberato" "at" "each" "stage" "of" "the" "proceedings" "was" "based" "on" "prorogation" "of" "jurisdiction" "in" "connection" "with" "the" "application" "for" "legal" "separation" "and" "not" "on" "the" "rules" "applicable" "to" "parental" "responsibility" "or" "maintenance" "." "63" "."


Input: "In" "that" "regard" "," "it" "may" "be" "observed" "that" "," "following" "the" "matrimonial" "judgment" "given" "by" "the" "Italian" "court" "on" "19" "January" "2012" "," "(" "33" ")" "the" "question" "of" "lis" "pendens" "becomes" "considerably" "more" "difficult" "to" "analyse" "." "(" "34" ")" "Lis" "pendens" "could" "only" "continue" "to" "be" "an" "issue" "in" "relation" "to" "parental" "responsibility" "as" "a" "result" "of" "the" "Italian" "court" "examining" "," "and" "confirming" "," "its" "own" "jurisdiction" "."


Input: "In" "my" "view" "," "that" "could" "only" "arise" "from" "the" "interpretation" "of" "the" "provisions" "of" "Article" "12" "(" "2" ")" "(" "b" ")" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "," "(" "35" ")" "which" "I" "believe" "must" "be" "combined" "with" "the" "investigation" "into" "the" "best" "interests" "of" "the" "child" "which" "," "with" "the" "mother" "’" "s" "agreement" "," "had" "justified" "the" "prorogation" "of" "jurisdiction" "when" "proceedings" "commenced" "." "(" "36" ")" "64" "."


Input: "Since" "those" "conditions" "must" "be" "met" "in" "order" "for" "the" "Italian" "court" "to" "have" "jurisdiction" "to" "rule" "," "on" "an" "incidental" "basis" "," "on" "the" "recognition" "of" "the" "Romanian" "judgment" "which" "brought" "the" "lis" "pendens" "to" "an" "end" "," "it" "is" "up" "to" "the" "referring" "court" "to" "ensure" "that" "the" "conditions" "were" "examined" "." "(" "37" ")" "65" "."


Input: "In" "the" "light" "of" "all" "these" "factors" "," "it" "is" "then" "necessary" "to" "identify" "the" "consequences" "that" "flow" "from" "a" "failure" "to" "comply" "with" "the" "rules" "on" "lis" "pendens" "," "taking" "account" "of" "the" "circumstances" "of" "the" "case" "in" "the" "main" "proceedings" "."


Input: "B" "."


Input: "The" "consequences" "of" "failure" "to" "comply" "with" "the" "rules" "on" "lis" "pendens" "66" "."


Input: "The" "particular" "circumstances" "of" "the" "case" "in" "the" "main" "proceedings" "should" "be" "borne" "in" "mind" "from" "the" "outset" "."


Input: "The" "court" "first" "seised" "," "before" "which" "the" "same" "applications" "between" "the" "same" "parties" "are" "still" "pending" "," "(" "38" ")" "must" "rule" "on" "an" "incidental" "claim" "for" "recognition" "of" "the" "final" "judgment" "delivered" "by" "the" "court" "second" "seised" "." "67" "."


Input: "Consequently" "," "for" "that" "reason" "alone" "," "the" "decision" "of" "the" "Court" "in" "the" "case" "that" "gave" "rise" "to" "the" "judgment" "of" "22" "December" "2010" "," "Mercredi" "," "(" "39" ")" "according" "to" "which" "," "in" "a" "case" "of" "lis" "pendens" "," "a" "judgment" "in" "proceedings" "relating" "to" "parental" "responsibility" "delivered" "by" "a" "court" "second" "seised" "," "in" "breach" "of" "the" "obligation" "to" "stay" "proceedings" "," "(" "40" ")" "‘" "has" "[" "no" "]" "effect" "’" "on" "the" "judgment" "which" "has" "to" "be" "delivered" "by" "the" "court" "first" "seised" "," "(" "41" ")" "cannot" "be" "transposed" "to" "the" "case" "in" "the" "main" "proceedings" "," "despite" "the" "assertions" "to" "the" "contrary" "of" "the" "European" "Commission" "."


Input: "The" "Court" "stated" "in" "paragraph" "67" "of" "the" "judgment" "of" "22" "December" "2010" "," "Mercredi" "(" "42" ")" "that" "the" "contested" "decision" "delivered" "by" "the" "court" "second" "seised" "was" "not" "final" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "In" "addition" "," "uncertainty" "over" "the" "child" "’" "s" "residence" "and" "the" "overlap" "with" "the" "proceedings" "seeking" "the" "return" "of" "the" "child" "also" "justified" "the" "particular" "solution" "used" "in" "that" "case" "." "68" "."


Input: "Therefore" "," "in" "the" "case" "in" "the" "main" "proceedings" "," "the" "question" "of" "the" "breach" "of" "the" "rules" "on" "lis" "pendens" "must" "be" "examined" "in" "the" "light" "of" "the" "grounds" "for" "non-recognition" "set" "out" "in" "Regulations" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "and" "No" "44" "/" "2001" "." "69" "."


Input: "In" "the" "context" "of" "the" "pending" "proceedings" "which" "no" "longer" "relate" "to" "dissolution" "of" "the" "marriage" "," "(" "43" ")" "the" "referring" "court" "correctly" "found" "that" "," "out" "of" "the" "grounds" "for" "non-recognition" "provided" "for" "in" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "," "it" "is" "only" "the" "test" "of" "being" "manifestly" "contrary" "to" "the" "public" "policy" "of" "the" "Member" "State" "in" "which" "recognition" "of" "a" "judgment" "relating" "to" "parental" "responsibility" "is" "sought" "," "(" "44" ")" "referred" "to" "in" "Article" "23" "(" "a" ")" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "," "that" "must" "be" "analysed" "in" "conjunction" "with" "Article" "24" "of" "that" "regulation" "."


Input: "Article" "24" "prohibits" "the" "application" "of" "the" "public" "policy" "test" "to" "the" "rules" "relating" "to" "jurisdiction" "set" "out" "in" "Articles" "3" "to" "14" "of" "the" "regulation" "." "70" "."


Input: "The" "Court" "has" "already" "examined" "such" "a" "question" "in" "the" "judgment" "in" "P" "." "71" "."


Input: "The" "difference" "between" "the" "circumstances" "at" "issue" "in" "that" "case" "(" "45" ")" "and" "the" "circumstances" "in" "the" "case" "in" "the" "main" "proceedings" "does" "not" "seem" "to" "me" "to" "be" "major" "since" "," "first" "," "the" "judgment" "of" "the" "Court" "relates" "to" "how" "the" "rules" "on" "jurisdiction" "or" "the" "coordination" "of" "parallel" "proceedings" "connect" "with" "the" "rules" "that" "allow" "the" "recognition" "of" "judgments" "delivered" "in" "a" "Member" "State" "to" "be" "refused" "and" "," "secondly" "," "it" "is" "based" "on" "general" "principles" "which" "repeat" "almost" "identically" "those" "in" "the" "judgment" "of" "16" "July" "2015" "," "Diageo" "Brands" "." "(" "46" ")" "72" "."


Input: "In" "the" "judgment" "in" "P" "," "the" "Court" "indicated" "its" "wish" "to" "adopt" "an" "approach" "that" "was" "similarly" "restrictive" "to" "the" "grounds" "for" "non-recognition" "of" "a" "judgment" "," "referring" "to" "the" "approach" "used" "in" "cases" "where" "Regulation" "No" "44" "/" "2001" "applies" "."


Input: "Conveniently" "for" "the" "case" "in" "the" "main" "proceedings" "," "in" "view" "of" "the" "two" "applicable" "regulations" "," "that" "would" "warrant" "a" "finding" "that" "the" "same" "decision" "may" "serve" "as" "the" "basis" "for" "the" "response" "to" "the" "questions" "referred" "by" "the" "referring" "court" "for" "a" "preliminary" "ruling" "." "73" "."


Input: "The" "Court" "recalled" "," "first" "," "that" "," "‘" "as" "stated" "in" "recital" "21" "in" "[" "the" "]" "preamble" "[" "to" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "]" "," "that" "regulation" "is" "founded" "on" "the" "idea" "that" "the" "recognition" "and" "enforcement" "of" "judgments" "given" "in" "a" "Member" "State" "should" "be" "based" "on" "the" "principle" "of" "mutual" "trust" "and" "the" "grounds" "for" "non-recognition" "should" "be" "kept" "to" "the" "minimum" "required" "’" "(" "47" ")" "and" "," "secondly" "," "that" "‘" "in" "that" "system" "," "Article" "23" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "," "which" "sets" "out" "the" "grounds" "on" "which" "recognition" "of" "a" "judgment" "in" "matters" "of" "parental" "responsibility" "may" "be" "refused" "," "must" "be" "interpreted" "strictly" "," "in" "so" "far" "as" "it" "is" "an" "obstacle" "to" "the" "attainment" "of" "one" "of" "the" "fundamental" "objectives" "of" "that" "regulation" "’" "." "(" "48" ")" "74" "."


Input: "Those" "objectives" "and" "principles" "explain" "why" "the" "EU" "legislature" "lays" "down" "," "in" "Article" "24" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "," "a" "prohibition" "on" "any" "review" "of" "the" "jurisdiction" "of" "the" "court" "of" "the" "Member" "State" "(" "49" ")" "and" "‘" "even" "provides" "expressly" "that" "Article" "23" "(" "a" ")" "of" "the" "regulation" "cannot" "be" "used" "to" "carry" "out" "such" "a" "review" "’" "," "(" "50" ")" "referring" "to" "Articles" "3" "to" "14" "of" "that" "regulation" "." "(" "51" ")" "That" "fundamental" "principle" "," "from" "which" "it" "is" "not" "possible" "to" "derogate" "directly" "or" "indirectly" "," "also" "results" "from" "the" "standardisation" "of" "the" "rules" "on" "jurisdiction" "and" "the" "presumption" "that" "those" "rules" "are" "examined" "regularly" "by" "any" "court" "when" "it" "is" "seised" "." "75" "."


Input: "For" "all" "of" "the" "above" "reasons" "," "in" "the" "judgment" "in" "P" "the" "Court" "extended" "to" "Article" "15" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "the" "prohibition" "on" "applying" "the" "test" "of" "there" "being" "an" "infringement" "of" "the" "public" "policy" "of" "the" "Member" "State" "in" "which" "recognition" "is" "sought" "." "(" "52" ")" "76" "."


Input: "However" "," "even" "though" "Article" "19" "of" "that" "regulation" "appears" "," "as" "does" "Article" "15" "," "in" "Chapter" "II" "of" "the" "regulation" "," "entitled" "‘" "Jurisdiction" "’" "," "it" "does" "not" "supplement" "the" "specific" "provisions" "for" "the" "conferral" "of" "jurisdiction" "found" "in" "Sections" "1" "and" "2" "," "as" "it" "forms" "part" "of" "Section" "3" "relating" "to" "‘" "Common" "provisions" "’" "." "77" "."


Input: "Even" "so" "," "it" "is" "my" "opinion" "that" "the" "solution" "in" "the" "judgment" "in" "P" "must" "be" "transposed" "."


Input: "When" "the" "court" "first" "seised" "," "ruling" "on" "an" "incidental" "claim" "for" "recognition" "," "examines" "whether" "the" "rules" "on" "lis" "pendens" "have" "been" "correctly" "applied" "by" "the" "court" "second" "seised" "and" "," "therefore" "," "the" "reasons" "why" "it" "has" "not" "declined" "jurisdiction" "," "the" "court" "first" "seised" "is" "reviewing" "the" "second" "court" "’" "s" "examination" "of" "its" "jurisdiction" "."


Input: "However" "," "it" "is" "prohibited" "from" "doing" "so" "under" "Article" "24" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "." "78" "."


Input: "In" "addition" "," "because" "of" "the" "conditions" "for" "implementing" "the" "rules" "on" "jurisdiction" "," "which" "I" "have" "set" "out" "above" "," "that" "review" "is" "not" "limited" "to" "an" "examination" "at" "the" "time" "when" "proceedings" "are" "commenced" "."


Input: "Consequently" "," "an" "assessment" "of" "the" "severity" "of" "failure" "to" "comply" "with" "those" "rules" "at" "the" "stage" "of" "recognition" "of" "the" "judgment" "could" "turn" "out" "to" "be" "equally" "problematic" "."


Input: "It" "is" "quite" "conceivable" "that" "," "particularly" "in" "matters" "of" "parental" "responsibility" "and" "cases" "of" "prorogation" "of" "jurisdiction" "," "following" "exchanges" "between" "the" "courts" "," "the" "court" "first" "seised" "declines" "jurisdiction" "on" "the" "grounds" "of" "the" "jurisdiction" "criteria" "," "namely" "proximity" "to" "the" "place" "of" "residence" "of" "the" "child" "and" "the" "child" "’" "s" "best" "interests" "." "(" "53" ")" "79" "."


Input: "Furthermore" "," "as" "the" "Court" "noted" "in" "the" "judgment" "in" "P" "," "‘" "the" "court" "of" "the" "State" "in" "which" "recognition" "is" "sought" "cannot" "," "without" "calling" "into" "question" "the" "purpose" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "," "refuse" "to" "recognise" "a" "judgment" "from" "another" "Member" "State" "solely" "on" "the" "ground" "that" "it" "considers" "that" "national" "or" "EU" "law" "was" "misapplied" "in" "that" "judgment" "." "’" "(" "54" ")" "Thus" "it" "seems" "to" "me" "that" "it" "would" "be" "difficult" "to" "justify" "treating" "a" "failure" "to" "resolve" "the" "conflict" "of" "jurisdiction" "(" "55" ")" "in" "cases" "of" "parallel" "proceedings" "more" "strictly" "than" "a" "failure" "to" "examine" "jurisdiction" "," "(" "56" ")" "or" "errors" "made" "at" "that" "time" "," "which" "are" "exempt" "from" "review" "under" "the" "provisions" "of" "Article" "24" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "and" "several" "other" "European" "regulations" "." "80" "."


Input: "I" "deduce" "from" "all" "these" "factors" "that" "," "despite" "the" "lack" "of" "express" "reference" "to" "Article" "19" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "in" "Article" "24" "thereof" "," "Article" "24" "should" "be" "interpreted" "to" "mean" "that" "the" "prohibition" "on" "reviewing" "the" "jurisdiction" "of" "the" "court" "of" "origin" "contained" "in" "that" "article" "also" "applies" "in" "cases" "of" "breach" "of" "the" "rules" "on" "lis" "pendens" "." "(" "57" ")" "81" "."


Input: "In" "relation" "to" "maintenance" "matters" "," "it" "should" "be" "noted" "that" "no" "difficulties" "are" "presented" "by" "the" "wording" "of" "Article" "35" "(" "3" ")" "of" "Regulation" "No" "44" "/" "2001" "." "(" "58" ")" "82" "."


Input: "In" "the" "light" "of" "all" "of" "these" "considerations" "," "I" "propose" "that" "the" "Court" "should" "rule" "that" "Article" "35" "(" "3" ")" "of" "Regulation" "No" "44" "/" "2001" "and" "Article" "24" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "must" "be" "interpreted" "as" "precluding" "that" "a" "breach" "of" "the" "rules" "on" "lis" "pendens" "," "set" "out" "in" "Article" "27" "of" "Regulation" "No" "44" "/" "2001" "and" "Article" "19" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "," "by" "the" "court" "second" "seised" "constitutes" "a" "ground" "for" "non-recognition" "of" "the" "judgment" "delivered" "by" "that" "court" "," "on" "the" "basis" "that" "it" "is" "contrary" "to" "the" "public" "policy" "of" "the" "Member" "State" "in" "which" "recognition" "is" "sought" "." "83" "."


Input: "For" "the" "sake" "of" "completeness" "," "I" "would" "point" "out" "that" "," "if" "it" "is" "agreed" "that" "the" "public" "policy" "test" "is" "applicable" "," "the" "judgment" "in" "P" "," "once" "again" "," "sets" "the" "limits" "which" "need" "to" "be" "reaffirmed" "." "(" "59" ")" "84" "."


Input: "That" "judgment" "is" "based" "on" "principles" "laid" "down" "on" "numerous" "occasions" "in" "connection" "with" "the" "interpretation" "of" "grounds" "for" "non-recognition" "that" "feature" "in" "several" "regulations" "governing" "the" "free" "movement" "of" "judgments" "(" "60" ")" "and" "on" "the" "requirement" "of" "the" "EU" "legislature" "to" "take" "into" "account" "the" "‘" "best" "interests" "of" "the" "child" "’" "," "(" "61" ")" "in" "the" "case" "of" "a" "refusal" "to" "recognise" "a" "judgment" "delivered" "in" "a" "parental" "responsibility" "matter" "," "whilst" "still" "keeping" "in" "mind" "the" "ongoing" "possibility" "that" "decisions" "concerning" "the" "child" "may" "be" "amended" "." "85" "."


Input: "It" "is" "therefore" "appropriate" "to" "declare" "again" "that" "‘" "Article" "23" "(" "a" ")" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "must" "be" "interpreted" "as" "meaning" "that" "," "in" "the" "absence" "of" "a" "manifest" "breach" "," "having" "regard" "to" "the" "best" "interests" "of" "the" "child" "," "of" "a" "rule" "of" "law" "regarded" "as" "essential" "in" "the" "legal" "order" "of" "a" "Member" "State" "or" "of" "a" "right" "recognised" "as" "being" "fundamental" "within" "that" "legal" "order" "," "that" "provision" "does" "not" "allow" "a" "court" "of" "that" "Member" "State" "which" "considers" "that" "it" "has" "jurisdiction" "to" "rule" "on" "the" "custody" "of" "a" "child" "to" "refuse" "to" "recognise" "a" "judgment" "of" "a" "court" "of" "another" "Member" "State" "which" "has" "ruled" "on" "the" "custody" "of" "that" "child" "." "’" "(" "62" ")" "86" "."


Input: "The" "referring" "court" "believes" "that" "," "due" "to" "the" "function" "of" "the" "rules" "on" "lis" "pendens" "in" "the" "system" "for" "automatic" "recognition" "of" "judgments" "within" "the" "EU" "," "a" "breach" "of" "those" "rules" "undermines" "a" "principle" "of" "procedural" "public" "policy" "which" "guarantees" "the" "free" "movement" "of" "judgments" "." "87" "."


Input: "That" "definition" "cannot" "be" "accepted" "," "however" "," "as" "those" "rules" "are" "not" "of" "comparable" "importance" "to" "the" "rules" "used" "by" "the" "Court" "in" "finding" "that" "the" "recognition" "of" "a" "judgment" "would" "undermine" "European" "procedural" "public" "policy" "." "(" "63" ")" "Such" "an" "assessment" "must" "be" "consistent" "with" "the" "principles" "set" "out" "above" "," "namely" "limitation" "of" "the" "grounds" "for" "non-recognition" "set" "out" "in" "Article" "23" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "," "the" "exceptional" "nature" "of" "recourse" "to" "the" "public" "policy" "clause" "and" "the" "prohibition" "on" "the" "court" "in" "the" "Member" "State" "in" "which" "recognition" "of" "a" "judgment" "issued" "by" "another" "Member" "State" "is" "sought" "from" "refusing" "to" "recognise" "that" "judgment" "on" "the" "sole" "ground" "that" "the" "court" "believes" "that" "EU" "law" "was" "misapplied" "." "88" "."


Input: "I" "am" "perfectly" "aware" "of" "the" "impact" "of" "my" "analysis" "in" "the" "well-known" "context" "of" "the" "exploitation" "of" "the" "rules" "on" "lis" "pendens" "," "fuelled" "by" "the" "wide" "array" "of" "heads" "of" "jurisdiction" "available" "under" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "," "especially" "in" "cases" "where" "proceedings" "are" "brought" "before" "the" "court" "of" "a" "Member" "State" "whose" "law" "does" "not" "permit" "divorce" "to" "be" "sought" "immediately" "." "(" "64" ")" "89" "."


Input: "It" "could" "also" "be" "argued" "that" "," "due" "to" "the" "very" "broad" "scope" "of" "the" "solution" "," "which" "cannot" "be" "confined" "to" "regulations" "applicable" "to" "family" "matters" "," "there" "is" "a" "serious" "risk" "of" "the" "pillars" "of" "the" "principle" "of" "automatic" "recognition" "of" "judgments" "being" "undermined" "by" "the" "failure" "to" "sanction" "a" "mandatory" "rule" "that" "appears" "in" "numerous" "European" "regulations" "." "90" "."


Input: "Such" "a" "fear" "must" "," "however" "," "founder" "given" "that" "those" "regulations" "are" "based" "precisely" "on" "cooperation" "and" "mutual" "trust" "between" "the" "courts" "of" "Member" "States" "and" "that" "the" "same" "logic" "must" "be" "adopted" "as" "that" "underpinning" "the" "recognition" "and" "enforcement" "of" "judgments" "delivered" "in" "each" "Member" "State" "." "(" "65" ")" "91" "."


Input: "As" "a" "matter" "of" "principle" "," "it" "is" "therefore" "inconceivable" "that" "there" "will" "be" "a" "rise" "in" "cases" "where" "the" "rules" "on" "lis" "pendens" "are" "not" "complied" "with" "," "especially" "since" "," "unlike" "the" "Romanian" "court" "in" "the" "case" "in" "the" "main" "proceedings" "," "the" "courts" "of" "Member" "States" "have" "been" "familiar" "with" "the" "interpretation" "of" "Article" "19" "(" "1" ")" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "since" "2015" "and" "in" "future" "," "thanks" "to" "the" "case" "in" "the" "main" "proceedings" "," "will" "benefit" "from" "a" "supplementary" "interpretation" "by" "the" "Court" "of" "the" "way" "in" "which" "the" "rules" "on" "lis" "pendens" "are" "implemented" "in" "family" "disputes" "." "(" "66" ")" "92" "."


Input: "In" "addition" "," "it" "must" "be" "stressed" "that" "courts" "can" "avert" "the" "difficulties" "inherent" "in" "procedural" "conflicts" "through" "judicial" "cooperation" "and" "dialogue" "between" "courts" "," "as" "described" "above" "," "(" "67" ")" "also" "drawing" "from" "the" "provisions" "of" "Article" "29" "(" "2" ")" "of" "Regulation" "No" "1215" "/" "2012" "and" "Article" "17" "of" "Regulations" "2016" "/" "1103" "and" "2016" "/" "1104" "." "(" "68" ")" "93" "."


Input: "I" "would" "also" "argue" "that" "," "in" "parental" "responsibility" "matters" "," "in" "view" "of" "the" "fact" "that" "any" "solution" "must" "be" "shaped" "by" "the" "best" "interests" "of" "the" "child" "," "(" "69" ")" "the" "prevention" "of" "difficulties" "in" "recognising" "judgments" "is" "mandatory" "."


Input: "In" "that" "regard" "," "in" "the" "case" "in" "the" "main" "proceedings" "," "it" "would" "have" "been" "advisable" "to" "allow" "the" "Court" "to" "rule" "sooner" "(" "70" ")" "on" "the" "lis" "pendens" "conditions" "."


Input: "Implementation" "of" "the" "procedure" "provided" "for" "in" "Article" "15" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "could" "also" "have" "been" "contemplated" "at" "the" "request" "of" "one" "of" "the" "parties" "or" "on" "the" "initiative" "of" "one" "of" "the" "courts" "." "(" "71" ")" "94" "."


Input: "Furthermore" "," "if" "," "in" "exceptional" "circumstances" "," "a" "breach" "of" "the" "rules" "on" "lis" "pendens" "occurs" "as" "a" "result" "of" "ignorance" "of" "the" "applicable" "regulations" "and" "of" "the" "Court" "’" "s" "case-law" "or" "if" "the" "breach" "has" "resulted" "in" "harm" "to" "more" "important" "procedural" "rights" "such" "as" "those" "which" "," "for" "example" "," "ensure" "that" "the" "views" "of" "the" "parent" "with" "whom" "the" "child" "does" "not" "live" "are" "expressed" "(" "72" ")" "and" "that" "judgments" "are" "delivered" "within" "a" "reasonable" "time" "," "it" "seems" "to" "me" "that" "it" "would" "be" "justifiable" "to" "invoke" "non-recognition" "on" "the" "basis" "of" "an" "infringement" "of" "public" "policy" "in" "the" "Member" "State" "in" "which" "recognition" "is" "sought" "involving" "fundamental" "rights" "recognised" "under" "EU" "law" "." "95" "."


Input: "Finally" "," "it" "should" "be" "recalled" "that" "the" "opportunity" "to" "bring" "infringement" "proceedings" "can" "be" "examined" "by" "the" "Commission" "," "(" "73" ")" "in" "the" "event" "of" "the" "misapplication" "of" "national" "law" "or" "EU" "law" "or" "the" "failure" "of" "the" "system" "of" "legal" "remedies" "in" "each" "Member" "State" "," "together" "with" "the" "preliminary" "ruling" "procedure" "provided" "for" "in" "Article" "267" "TFEU" "," "which" "must" "be" "implemented" "in" "order" "to" "prevent" "a" "breach" "of" "public" "policy" "occurring" "." "(" "74" ")" "IV" "."


Input: "Conclusion" "96" "."


Input: "In" "the" "light" "of" "the" "foregoing" "considerations" "," "I" "propose" "that" "the" "Court" "answer" "the" "questions" "referred" "for" "a" "preliminary" "ruling" "by" "the" "Corte" "suprema" "di" "cassazione" "(" "Supreme" "Court" "of" "Cassation" "," "Italy" ")" "as" "follows" ":" "Article" "35" "(" "3" ")" "of" "Council" "Regulation" "(" "EC" ")" "No" "44" "/" "2001" "of" "22" "December" "2000" "on" "jurisdiction" "and" "the" "recognition" "and" "enforcement" "of" "judgments" "in" "civil" "and" "commercial" "matters" "and" "Article" "24" "of" "Council" "Regulation" "(" "EC" ")" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "of" "27" "November" "2003" "concerning" "jurisdiction" "and" "the" "recognition" "and" "enforcement" "of" "judgments" "in" "matrimonial" "matters" "and" "the" "matters" "of" "parental" "responsibility" "," "repealing" "Regulation" "(" "EC" ")" "No" "1347" "/" "2000" "must" "be" "interpreted" "as" "precluding" "that" "a" "breach" "of" "the" "rules" "on" "lis" "pendens" "," "contained" "in" "Article" "27" "of" "Regulation" "No" "44" "/" "2001" "and" "Article" "19" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "," "by" "the" "court" "second" "seised" "should" "constitute" "a" "ground" "for" "withholding" "recognition" "of" "a" "judgment" "delivered" "by" "that" "court" "," "on" "the" "basis" "of" "an" "infringement" "of" "public" "policy" "of" "the" "Member" "State" "in" "which" "recognition" "is" "sought" "." "1" "Original" "language" ":" "French" "." "2" "OJ" "2003" "L" "338" "," "p" "." "1" "." "3" "C" "‑" "455" "/" "15" "PPU" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2015" ":" "763" "(" "‘" "the" "judgment" "in" "P" "’" ")" "." "4" "For" "the" "need" "to" "refer" "to" "this" "regulation" "," "see" "points" "43" "and" "44" "of" "this" "Opinion" "." "5" "OJ" "2001" "L" "12" "," "p" "." "1" "." "6" "GURI" "No" "306" "," "3" "December" "1970" "," "p" "." "8046" "." "7" "Final" "judgment" "No" "1072" "of" "the" "Curtea" "de" "Apel" "București" "(" "Bucharest" "Court" "of" "Appeal" "," "Romania" ")" "," "3rd" "Civil" "Chamber" "for" "Minors" "and" "Family" "," "of" "12" "June" "2013" "," "annexed" "to" "the" "decision" "to" "refer" "and" "produced" "by" "Mr" "Liberato" "," "states" "that" "‘" "the" "court" "found" "that" "the" "parties" "married" "in" "Italy" "in" "October" "2005" "and" "lived" "," "alternately" "," "in" "Romania" "and" "Italy" "until" "October" "2006" "."


Input: "The" "parties" "have" "been" "separated" "since" "then" "and" "the" "wife" "and" "minor" "child" "born" "of" "the" "relationship" "live" "exclusively" "in" "Romania" "."


Input: "Thus" "," "since" "2006" "," "Ms" "Grigorescu" "has" "lived" "exclusively" "in" "Romania" "," "which" "has" "been" "her" "sole" "residence" "’" "."

"O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

"O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"


Input: "It" "is" "clear" "from" "the" "decision" "to" "refer" "that" "the" "lawfulness" "of" "the" "removal" "or" "non-return" "of" "the" "child" "is" "not" "a" "matter" "at" "stake" "in" "the" "arguments" "." "8" "The" "referring" "court" "has" "confirmed" "that" "the" "judgment" "acquired" "the" "force" "of" "res" "judicata" "." "9" "For" "further" "details" "of" "the" "reasoning" "given" "," "see" "point" "61" "of" "this" "Opinion" "." "10" "OJ" "2009" "L" "7" "," "p" "." "1" "." "11" "According" "to" "the" "third" "subparagraph" "of" "Article" "76" "of" "Regulation" "No" "4" "/" "2009" "," "the" "regulation" "applied" "from" "18" "June" "2011" "." "12" "My" "proposed" "reformulation" "of" "the" "question" "is" "similar" "to" "that" "carried" "out" "by" "the" "Court" "in" "the" "judgment" "of" "15" "February" "2017" "," "W" "and" "V" "(" "C" "‑" "499" "/" "15" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2017" ":" "118" "," "paragraphs" "44" "to" "46" "and" "the" "case-law" "cited" ")" "." "13" "The" "principal" "claim" "was" "brought" "on" "22" "May" "2007" "before" "the" "Tribunale" "di" "Teramo" "(" "District" "Court" "," "Teramo" ")" "," "which" "deferred" "examination" "of" "the" "dependent" "claims" "by" "a" "decision" "of" "19" "January" "2012" "and" "ruled" "on" "them" "by" "a" "non-definitive" "decision" "of" "8" "July" "2013" "." "14" "It" "should" "be" "noted" "that" "the" "requirement" "to" "observe" "the" "priority" "of" "proceedings" "according" "to" "the" "time" "at" "which" "they" "are" "brought" "also" "appears" "in" "Regulation" "No" "4" "/" "2009" "," "in" "Article" "12" "thereof" "."


Input: "This" "article" "could" "be" "said" "to" "be" "stricter" "than" "Article" "19" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "," "at" "least" "in" "the" "French" "version" "," "in" "that" "it" "requires" "three" "elements" "to" "be" "identical" "(" "in" "French" ":" "‘" "le" "même" "objet" "…" "la" "même" "cause" "…" "les" "mêmes" "parties" "’" ")" "."


Input: "[" "Note" "," "however" "," "that" "the" "English" "version" "of" "the" "said" "Article" "12" "renders" "this" "simply" "as" "‘" "the" "same" "cause" "of" "action" "and" "between" "the" "same" "parties" "’" "." "]"


Input: "The" "same" "is" "true" "of" "Article" "17" "of" "three" "other" "regulations" "," "these" "being" ":" "Regulation" "(" "EU" ")" "No" "650" "/" "2012" "of" "the" "European" "Parliament" "and" "of" "the" "Council" "of" "4" "July" "2012" "on" "jurisdiction" "," "applicable" "law" "," "recognition" "and" "enforcement" "of" "decisions" "and" "acceptance" "and" "enforcement" "of" "authentic" "instruments" "in" "matters" "of" "succession" "and" "on" "the" "creation" "of" "a" "European" "Certificate" "of" "Succession" "(" "OJ" "2012" "L" "201" "," "p" "." "107" ")" ";" "Council" "Regulation" "(" "EU" ")" "2016" "/" "1103" "of" "24" "June" "2016" "implementing" "enhanced" "cooperation" "in" "the" "area" "of" "jurisdiction" "," "applicable" "law" "and" "the" "recognition" "and" "enforcement" "of" "decisions" "in" "matters" "of" "matrimonial" "property" "(" "OJ" "2016" "L" "183" "," "p" "." "1" ")" ";" "and" "Council" "Regulation" "(" "EU" ")" "2016" "/" "1104" "of" "24" "June" "2016" "implementing" "enhanced" "cooperation" "in" "the" "area" "of" "jurisdiction" "," "applicable" "law" "and" "the" "recognition" "and" "enforcement" "of" "decisions" "in" "matters" "of" "the" "property" "consequences" "of" "registered" "partnerships" "(" "OJ" "2016" "L" "183" "," "p" "." "30" ")" "."


Input: "The" "latter" "two" "regulations" "require" "that" "," "where" "proceedings" "are" "stayed" "due" "to" "lis" "pendens" "," "‘" "upon" "request" "by" "a" "court" "seised" "of" "the" "dispute" "," "any" "other" "court" "seised" "shall" "without" "delay" "inform" "the" "former" "court" "of" "the" "date" "when" "it" "was" "seised" "’" "."


Input: "Article" "29" "of" "Regulation" "(" "EU" ")" "No" "1215" "/" "2012" "of" "the" "European" "Parliament" "and" "of" "the" "Council" "of" "12" "December" "2012" "on" "jurisdiction" "and" "the" "recognition" "and" "enforcement" "of" "judgments" "in" "civil" "and" "commercial" "matters" "(" "OJ" "2012" "L" "351" "," "p" "." "1" ")" "," "is" "worded" "in" "a" "similar" "way" "."


Input: "It" "should" "be" "noted" "that" "the" "mechanism" "provided" "for" "in" "Article" "33" "of" "that" "regulation" "in" "the" "event" "of" "extra-European" "lis" "pendens" "," "which" "amounts" "to" "a" "major" "innovation" "," "is" "not" "the" "same" "." "15" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "repealed" "Council" "Regulation" "(" "EC" ")" "No" "1347" "/" "2000" "of" "29" "May" "2000" "on" "jurisdiction" "and" "the" "recognition" "and" "enforcement" "of" "judgments" "in" "matrimonial" "matters" "and" "in" "matters" "of" "parental" "responsibility" "for" "children" "of" "both" "spouses" "(" "OJ" "2000" "L" "160" "," "p" "." "19" ")" "."


Input: "Article" "11" "(" "2" ")" "of" "Regulation" "No" "1347" "/" "2000" "contains" "an" "exception" "from" "the" "requirement" "for" "the" "cause" "of" "action" "and" "parties" "to" "be" "identical" "only" "in" "the" "case" "of" "divorce" "." "16" "Convention" "of" "27" "September" "1968" "on" "jurisdiction" "and" "the" "enforcement" "of" "judgments" "in" "civil" "and" "commercial" "matters" "(" "OJ" "1998" "C" "27" "," "p" "." "1" ")" "," "as" "modified" "by" "successive" "conventions" "relating" "to" "the" "accession" "of" "new" "Member" "States" "to" "the" "convention" "." "17" "See" "judgment" "of" "6" "October" "2015" "," "A" "(" "C" "‑" "489" "/" "14" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2015" ":" "654" "," "paragraph" "27" ")" "." "18" "See" "judgment" "of" "6" "October" "2015" "," "A" "(" "C" "‑" "489" "/" "14" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2015" ":" "654" "," "paragraph" "29" ")" "." "19" "See" "judgment" "of" "6" "October" "2015" "," "A" "(" "C" "‑" "489" "/" "14" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2015" ":" "654" "," "paragraph" "30" ")" "." "20" "See" "judgment" "of" "6" "October" "2015" "," "A" "(" "C" "‑" "489" "/" "14" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2015" ":" "654" "," "paragraph" "34" ")" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

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Input: "This" "interpretation" "," "inspired" "by" "that" "of" "Article" "27" "of" "Regulation" "No" "44" "/" "2001" "," "is" "equally" "applicable" "to" "Article" "19" "(" "2" ")" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "."


Input: "This" "solution" "enables" "cases" "to" "be" "resolved" "where" "the" "court" "first" "seised" "has" "not" "expressly" "ruled" "on" "its" "own" "jurisdiction" "." "21" "See" "judgment" "of" "9" "November" "2010" "," "Purrucker" "(" "C" "‑" "296" "/" "10" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2010" ":" "665" "," "paragraph" "81" ")" "."


Input: "In" "that" "regard" "," "the" "European" "Judicial" "Network" "in" "civil" "and" "commercial" "matters" "(" "EJNCCM" ")" "plays" "a" "key" "role" "in" "simplifying" "and" "accelerating" "judicial" "cooperation" "in" "applying" "these" "provisions" "relating" "to" "lis" "pendens" "or" "Article" "15" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "." "22" "The" "same" "is" "true" "of" "Article" "27" "of" "Regulation" "No" "44" "/" "2001" "," "by" "contrast" "with" "the" "provisions" "applicable" "in" "the" "event" "of" "related" "actions" "(" "Article" "28" "of" "that" "regulation" ")" "."


Input: "It" "should" "be" "noted" "that" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "," "as" "with" "the" "preceding" "Regulation" "No" "1347" "/" "2000" "," "does" "not" "contain" "any" "particular" "provision" "on" "related" "actions" "." "23" "See" "judgment" "of" "6" "October" "2015" "," "A" "(" "C" "‑" "489" "/" "14" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2015" ":" "654" "," "paragraph" "29" "and" "the" "case-law" "cited" ")" "." "24" "See" "judgment" "of" "9" "November" "2010" "," "Purrucker" "(" "C" "‑" "296" "/" "10" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2010" ":" "665" "," "paragraph" "66" "and" "the" "case-law" "cited" ")" "." "25" "C" "‑" "489" "/" "14" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2015" ":" "654" "."


Input: "It" "should" "be" "noted" "that" "that" "judgment" "was" "delivered" "more" "than" "two" "years" "after" "the" "final" "decision" "of" "the" "Romanian" "court" "in" "the" "case" "in" "the" "main" "proceedings" "."


Input: "However" "," "at" "that" "date" "," "the" "autonomous" "nature" "of" "the" "concept" "of" "‘" "lis" "pendens" "’" "had" "already" "been" "stated" "in" "several" "judgments" "of" "the" "Court" "." "26" "Paragraph" "33" "of" "that" "judgment" "."


Input: "Such" "cases" "can" "also" "be" "categorised" "as" "‘" "quasi" "lis" "pendens" "’" "or" "‘" "false" "lis" "pendens" "’" "."


Input: "That" "expression" "was" "used" "by" "Borrás" "," "A" "." "," "in" "the" "Explanatory" "Report" "on" "the" "Convention" "," "drawn" "up" "on" "the" "basis" "of" "Article" "K" ".3" "of" "the" "Treaty" "on" "European" "Union" "," "on" "Jurisdiction" "and" "the" "Recognition" "and" "Enforcement" "of" "Judgments" "in" "Matrimonial" "Matters" "(" "OJ" "1998" "C" "221" "," "p" "." "27" "," "in" "particular" "paragraph" "54" ")" "."


Input: "That" "explanation" "relates" "to" "Article" "11" "of" "Regulation" "No" "1347" "/" "2000" "," "which" "is" "essentially" "repeated" "in" "Article" "19" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "in" "a" "simplified" "form" "," "requiring" "only" "that" "proceedings" "relating" "to" "divorce" "," "legal" "separation" "or" "marriage" "annulment" "are" "brought" "between" "the" "same" "parties" "," "regardless" "of" "their" "procedural" "position" "." "27" "See" "," "to" "that" "effect" "," "Gaudemet-Tallon" "," "H" "." "," "‘" "Divorce" "—" "Divorce" "prononcé" "en" "France" "—" "Introduction" "—" "Compétence" "des" "tribunaux" "français" "—" "Particularités" "de" "l" "’" "instance" "’" "," "JurisClasseur" "—" "Droit" "international" "," "LexisNexis" "," "Paris" "," "March" "2017" "," "fascicle" "547" "-" "10" "," "in" "particular" "paragraph" "135" "." "28" "See" "," "in" "relation" "to" "the" "interpretation" "of" "these" "concepts" "," "judgment" "of" "9" "November" "2010" "," "Purrucker" "(" "C" "‑" "296" "/" "10" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2010" ":" "665" "," "paragraphs" "67" "and" "68" "and" "the" "case-law" "cited" ")" "."


Input: "See" "also" "," "by" "way" "of" "illustration" "," "judgment" "of" "22" "December" "2010" "," "Mercredi" "(" "C" "‑" "497" "/" "10" "PPU" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2010" ":" "829" "," "paragraphs" "68" "and" "69" ")" "." "29" "The" "same" "is" "true" "when" "," "under" "Article" "15" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "," "at" "the" "initiative" "of" "either" "of" "the" "courts" "concerned" "," "the" "jurisdiction" "of" "the" "court" "better" "placed" "to" "hear" "the" "case" "is" "given" "priority" "." "30" "In" "relation" "to" "the" "importance" "of" "this" "examination" "in" "matters" "of" "parental" "responsibility" "and" "the" "grounds" "for" "decisions" "made" "on" "that" "point" "," "see" "judgments" "of" "15" "July" "2010" "," "Purrucker" "(" "C" "‑" "256" "/" "09" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2010" ":" "437" "," "paragraph" "73" "and" "the" "case-law" "cited" ")" "," "and" "15" "February" "2017" "," "W" "and" "V" "(" "C" "‑" "499" "/" "15" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2017" ":" "118" "," "paragraphs" "51" "and" "54" ")" "."


Input: "In" "relation" "to" "the" "obligation" "to" "carry" "out" "the" "examination" "at" "all" "stages" "of" "proceedings" "," "a" "comparison" "can" "be" "drawn" "with" "the" "judgment" "of" "12" "November" "2014" "," "L" "(" "C" "‑" "656" "/" "13" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2014" ":" "2364" "," "paragraph" "58" "and" "the" "case-law" "cited" ")" "," "and" "the" "case" "in" "IQ" "(" "C" "‑" "478" "/" "17" ")" "," "currently" "pending" "," "concerning" "the" "conditions" "for" "the" "application" "of" "Article" "15" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "."


Input: "See" "Opinion" "of" "Advocate" "General" "Wathelet" "in" "that" "case" "(" "C" "‑" "478" "/" "17" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2018" ":" "552" ")" "." "31" "Under" "Article" "12" "(" "1" ")" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "," "prorogation" "of" "jurisdiction" "assumes" "that" "the" "mother" "has" "not" "challenged" "the" "jurisdiction" "of" "the" "Italian" "court" "(" "see" "point" "23" "of" "this" "Opinion" ")" "and" "that" "the" "Italian" "court" "has" "ensured" "that" "its" "jurisdiction" "is" "in" "the" "best" "interests" "of" "the" "child" "(" "see" "," "by" "analogy" "," "judgment" "of" "1" "October" "2014" "," "E" "."


Input: "(" "C" "‑" "436" "/" "13" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2014" ":" "2246" "," "paragraph" "44" ")" ")" "."


Input: "This" "can" "be" "compared" "to" "the" "order" "of" "the" "President" "of" "the" "Court" "of" "16" "January" "2018" "," "PM" "(" "C" "‑" "604" "/" "17" "," "not" "published" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2018" ":" "10" "," "paragraphs" "27" "to" "29" ")" "," "and" "the" "judgment" "of" "19" "April" "2018" "," "Saponaro" "and" "Xylina" "(" "C" "‑" "565" "/" "16" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2018" ":" "265" "," "paragraphs" "23" "," "24" "and" "33" "to" "35" "and" "the" "case-law" "cited" ")" "." "32" "See" "footnotes" "25" "and" "26" "of" "this" "Opinion" "." "33" "The" "consequences" "of" "the" "legal" "separation" "judgment" "do" "not" "appear" "to" "have" "been" "debated" "," "although" "two" "further" "judgments" "were" "given" "in" "Romania" "after" "that" "date" "," "namely" "the" "judgment" "of" "3" "December" "2012" "and" "the" "judgment" "of" "12" "June" "2013" "rejecting" "Mr" "Liberato" "’" "s" "appeal" "." "34" "According" "to" "Article" "12" "(" "2" ")" "(" "a" ")" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "," "prorogation" "of" "jurisdiction" "ceases" "as" "soon" "as" "judgment" "relating" "to" "the" "legal" "separation" "becomes" "final" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O"

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Input: "In" "addition" "," "as" "the" "Court" "noted" "in" "the" "judgment" "of" "28" "June" "2018" "," "HR" "(" "C" "‑" "512" "/" "17" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2018" ":" "513" "," "paragraph" "59" "and" "the" "case-law" "cited" ")" "," "concerning" "the" "interpretation" "of" "Article" "8" "(" "1" ")" "of" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "," "‘" "the" "EU" "legislature" "considers" "that" "the" "courts" "geographically" "closest" "to" "the" "child" "’" "s" "place" "of" "habitual" "residence" "are" "generally" "the" "best" "placed" "to" "assess" "the" "measures" "to" "be" "taken" "in" "the" "interests" "of" "that" "child" "’" "." "35" "The" "Court" "has" "not" "expressly" "ruled" "on" "the" "application" "of" "that" "provision" "."


Input: "See" "," "to" "the" "same" "effect" "," "the" "Opinion" "of" "Advocate" "General" "Wathelet" "in" "IQ" "(" "C" "‑" "478" "/" "17" "," "EU" ":" "C" ":" "2018" ":" "552" "," "point" "45" ")" "."


Input: "That" "interpretation" "may" "be" "a" "result" "of" "the" "commentary" "of" "Pataut" "," "É" "." "," "and" "Gallant" "," "E" "." "," "‘" "Article" "12" ":" "Prorogation" "of" "jurisdiction" "’" "," "in" "Magnus" "," "U" "." "," "and" "Mankowski" "," "P" "." "," "European" "Commentaries" "on" "Private" "International" "Law" "," "Brussels" "IIbis" "Regulation" "," "Vol" "."

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Input: "See" "," "also" "," "the" "observations" "of" "Joubert" "," "N" "." "," "in" "‘" "La" "résidence" "de" "l" "’" "enfant" "du" "divorce" "face" "à" "la" "demande" "de" "modification" "de" "la" "décision" "relative" "à" "la" "garde" "et" "aux" "aliments" "’" "," "Revue" "critique" "de" "droit" "international" "privé" "," "Dalloz" "," "Paris" "," "2018" "," "pp" "." "138" "to" "142" "," "in" "particular" "paragraph" "9" "(" "pp" "." "140" "and" "141" ")" "." "57" "Given" "the" "importance" "of" "this" "question" "," "like" "the" "one" "dealt" "with" "in" "the" "judgment" "in" "P" "," "an" "addition" "could" "be" "proposed" "in" "relation" "to" "Article" "24" "when" "Regulation" "No" "2201" "/" "2003" "is" "recast" "."


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Input: "Judgment" "of" "the" "Court" "(" "Third" "Chamber" ")" "of" "11" "July" "2018" "(" "request" "for" "a" "preliminary" "ruling" "from" "the" "Korkein" "oikeus" "—" "Finland" ")" "—" "Bosphorus" "Queen" "Shipping" "Ltd" "Corp" "." "v" "Rajavartiolaitos" "(" "Case" "C" "-" "15" "/" "17" ")" "1" "(" "Reference" "for" "a" "preliminary" "ruling" "—" "Montego" "Bay" "Convention" "—" "Article" "220" "(" "6" ")" "—" "Powers" "of" "the" "coastal" "State" "—" "Jurisdiction" "of" "the" "Court" "to" "interpret" "provisions" "of" "international" "law" "—" "Directive" "2005" "/" "35" "/" "EC" "—" "Ship-source" "pollution" "—" "Article" "7" "(" "2" ")" "—" "Marpol" "Convention" "73" "/" "78" "—" "Oil" "spill" "in" "the" "exclusive" "economic" "zone" "from" "a" "foreign" "vessel" "in" "transit" "—" "Circumstances" "in" "which" "a" "coastal" "State" "may" "instigate" "proceedings" "against" "a" "foreign" "vessel" "—" "Freedom" "of" "navigation" "—" "Protection" "of" "the" "marine" "environment" "—" "Major" "damage" "or" "threat" "of" "major" "damage" "to" "the" "coastline" "," "related" "interests" "or" "any" "resources" "in" "the" "territorial" "sea" "or" "exclusive" "economic" "zone" "—" "Clear" "objective" "evidence" ")" "Language" "of" "the" "case" ":" "Finnish" "Referring" "court" "Korkein" "oikeus" "Parties" "to" "the" "main" "proceedings" "Applicant" ":" "Bosphorus" "Queen" "Shipping" "Ltd" "Corp" "."

"O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"


Input: "Defendant" ":" "Rajavartiolaitos" "Operative" "part" "of" "the" "judgment" "Article" "220" "(" "6" ")" "of" "the" "United" "Nations" "Convention" "on" "the" "Law" "of" "the" "Sea" "," "signed" "at" "Montego" "Bay" "on" "10" "December" "1982" "," "and" "Article" "7" "(" "2" ")" "of" "Directive" "2005" "/" "35" "/" "EC" "of" "the" "European" "Parliament" "and" "of" "the" "Council" "of" "7" "September" "2005" "on" "ship-source" "pollution" "and" "on" "the" "introduction" "of" "penalties" "," "including" "criminal" "penalties" "," "for" "pollution" "offences" "," "as" "amended" "by" "Directive" "2009" "/" "123" "/" "EC" "of" "the" "European" "Parliament" "and" "of" "the" "Council" "of" "21" "October" "2009" "," "must" "be" "interpreted" "as" "meaning" "that" "the" "expression" "‘" "clear" "objective" "evidence" "’" "within" "the" "meaning" "of" "those" "provisions" "covers" "not" "only" "the" "commission" "of" "a" "violation" "," "but" "also" "evidence" "of" "the" "consequences" "of" "that" "violation" "."


Input: "The" "expression" "‘" "coastline" "or" "related" "interests" "’" "in" "Article" "220" "(" "6" ")" "of" "the" "United" "Nations" "Convention" "on" "the" "Law" "of" "the" "Sea" "and" "Article" "7" "(" "2" ")" "of" "Directive" "2005" "/" "35" "," "as" "amended" "by" "Directive" "2009" "/" "123" "," "must" "be" "interpreted" "as" "meaning" "that" "," "in" "principle" "," "it" "has" "the" "same" "meaning" "as" "the" "expression" "‘" "coastline" "or" "related" "interests" "’" "in" "Article" "I" "(" "1" ")" "and" "Article" "II" "(" "4" ")" "of" "the" "International" "Convention" "Relating" "to" "Intervention" "on" "the" "High" "Seas" "in" "Cases" "of" "Oil" "Pollution" "Casualties" "," "concluded" "at" "Brussels" "on" "29" "November" "1969" "," "it" "being" "understood" "that" "Article" "220" "(" "6" ")" "of" "the" "United" "Nations" "Convention" "on" "the" "Law" "of" "the" "Sea" "also" "applied" "to" "non-living" "resources" "of" "the" "territorial" "sea" "of" "the" "coastal" "State" "and" "to" "any" "resources" "in" "its" "exclusive" "economic" "zone" "."


Input: "Article" "220" "(" "6" ")" "of" "the" "United" "Nations" "Convention" "on" "the" "Law" "of" "the" "Sea" "and" "Article" "7" "(" "2" ")" "of" "Directive" "2005" "/" "35" "," "as" "amended" "by" "Directive" "2009" "/" "123" "," "must" "be" "interpreted" "as" "meaning" "that" "the" "resources" "of" "the" "territorial" "sea" "and" "the" "exclusive" "economic" "zone" "of" "a" "coastal" "State" "," "within" "the" "meaning" "of" "those" "provisions" "," "cover" "both" "harvested" "species" "and" "also" "species" "associated" "with" "them" "and" "which" "are" "dependent" "on" "them" "," "such" "as" "animal" "and" "plant" "species" "which" "feed" "on" "the" "harvested" "species" "."


Input: "It" "is" "unnecessary" "," "in" "principle" "," "to" "take" "account" "of" "the" "concept" "of" "‘" "significant" "pollution" "’" "referred" "to" "in" "Article" "220" "(" "5" ")" "of" "the" "United" "Nations" "Convention" "on" "the" "Law" "of" "the" "Sea" "when" "applying" "Article" "220" "(" "6" ")" "of" "that" "convention" "and" "Article" "7" "(" "2" ")" "of" "Directive" "2005" "/" "35" "," "as" "amended" "by" "Directive" "2009" "/" "123" "," "and" "," "in" "particular" "," "when" "assessing" "the" "consequences" "of" "a" "violation" "," "such" "as" "those" "defined" "in" "those" "provisions" "."


Input: "In" "order" "to" "assess" "the" "consequences" "of" "a" "violation" "," "as" "defined" "in" "Article" "220" "(" "6" ")" "of" "the" "United" "Nations" "Convention" "on" "the" "Law" "of" "the" "Sea" "and" "Article" "7" "(" "2" ")" "of" "Directive" "2005" "/" "35" "," "as" "amended" "by" "Directive" "2009" "/" "123" "," "all" "the" "evidence" "to" "establish" "that" "damage" "has" "been" "caused" "or" "that" "there" "is" "a" "threat" "of" "damage" "to" "the" "resources" "and" "related" "interests" "of" "the" "coastal" "State" "and" "to" "evaluate" "the" "extent" "of" "the" "damage" "caused" "or" "threatened" "to" "those" "resources" "or" "related" "interests" "," "taking" "account" "inter" "alia" "of" "the" "cumulative" "nature" "of" "the" "damage" "on" "several" "or" "all" "of" "those" "resources" "and" "related" "interests" "and" "the" "difference" "in" "sensitivity" "of" "the" "coastal" "State" "with" "regard" "to" "damage" "to" "its" "various" "resources" "and" "related" "interests" ";" "the" "foreseeable" "harmful" "consequences" "of" "discharge" "on" "those" "resources" "and" "related" "interests" "," "not" "only" "on" "the" "basis" "of" "the" "available" "scientific" "data" "," "but" "also" "with" "regard" "to" "the" "nature" "of" "the" "harmful" "substance" "(" "s" ")" "contained" "in" "the" "discharge" "concerned" "and" "the" "volume" "," "direction" "," "speed" "and" "the" "period" "of" "time" "over" "which" "the" "oil" "spill" "spreads" "The" "specific" "geographical" "and" "ecological" "characteristics" "and" "sensitivity" "of" "the" "Baltic" "Sea" "area" "have" "an" "effect" "on" "the" "conditions" "of" "applicability" "of" "Article" "220" "(" "6" ")" "of" "the" "United" "Nations" "Convention" "on" "the" "Law" "of" "the" "Sea" "and" "Article" "7" "(" "2" ")" "of" "the" "Directive" "2005" "/" "35" "," "as" "amended" "by" "Directive" "2009" "/" "123" "," "as" "regards" "the" "definition" "and" "classification" "of" "the" "violation" "and" "," "although" "not" "automatically" "," "on" "the" "assessment" "of" "the" "extent" "of" "the" "damage" "that" "that" "violation" "has" "caused" "to" "the" "resources" "and" "related" "interests" "of" "the" "coastal" "State" "."


Input: "Article" "1" "(" "2" ")" "of" "Directive" "2005" "/" "35" "," "as" "amended" "by" "Directive" "2009" "/" "123" "," "must" "be" "interpreted" "as" "meaning" "that" "it" "does" "not" "allow" "the" "Member" "States" "to" "impose" "more" "stringent" "measures" "in" "accordance" "with" "international" "law" "that" "those" "laid" "down" "in" "Article" "7" "(" "2" ")" "thereof" "," "where" "international" "law" "is" "applicable" "," "given" "that" "the" "coastal" "States" "are" "authorised" "to" "take" "other" "measures" "equivalent" "in" "scope" "to" "those" "laid" "down" "in" "Article" "220" "(" "6" ")" "." "1" "OJ" "C" "86" "," "20.3.2017" "."


Input: "JUDGMENT" "OF" "THE" "COURT" "(" "Grand" "Chamber" ")" "11" "September" "2018" "(" "*" ")" "(" "Reference" "for" "a" "preliminary" "ruling" "—" "Social" "policy" "—" "Directive" "2000" "/" "78" "/" "EC" "—" "Equal" "treatment" "—" "Occupational" "activities" "within" "churches" "and" "other" "organisations" "the" "ethos" "of" "which" "is" "based" "on" "religion" "or" "belief" "—" "Occupational" "requirements" "—" "Acting" "in" "good" "faith" "and" "with" "loyalty" "to" "the" "ethos" "of" "the" "church" "or" "organisation" "—" "Definition" "—" "Difference" "of" "treatment" "on" "the" "basis" "of" "religion" "or" "belief" "—" "Dismissal" "of" "an" "employee" "of" "the" "Catholic" "faith" "performing" "managerial" "duties" "due" "to" "a" "second" "," "civil" "marriage" "entered" "into" "after" "a" "divorce" ")" "In" "Case" "C" "‑" "68" "/" "17" "," "REQUEST" "for" "a" "preliminary" "ruling" "under" "Article" "267" "TFEU" "from" "the" "Bundesarbeitsgericht" "(" "Federal" "Labour" "Court" "," "Germany" ")" "," "made" "by" "decision" "of" "28" "July" "2016" "," "received" "at" "the" "Court" "on" "9" "February" "2017" "," "in" "the" "proceedings" "IR" "JQ" "THE" "COURT" "(" "Grand" "Chamber" ")" "," "composed" "of" "K" "."


Input: "Lenaerts" "," "President" "," "A" "."

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"I-TIME" "O" "I-TIME" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME"

"I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT"

"B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT"

"B-DATE" "O" "B-DATE" "O" "B-DATE" "B-DATE"

"I-DATE" "O" "I-DATE" "O" "I-DATE" "I-DATE"

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"

"I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS"

"B-TIME" "O" "B-TIME" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME"

"B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS"

"B-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON"


Input: "Tizzano" "," "Vice-President" "," "R" "."

"B-DATE" "O" "B-DATE" "O" "B-DATE" "B-DATE"

"B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS"

"I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS"

"I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT"

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"I-DATE" "O" "I-DATE" "O" "I-DATE" "I-DATE"

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"

"B-TIME" "O" "B-TIME" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME"

"I-TIME" "O" "I-TIME" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME"

"B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT"

"B-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON"


Input: "Silva" "de" "Lapuerta" "," "T" "." "von" "Danwitz" "," "J.L" "." "da" "Cruz" "Vilaça" "," "A" "."

"B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT"

"I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME"

"B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"

"B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME"

"I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT"

"B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "O" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "O" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "O" "B-DATE" "B-DATE"

"B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS"

"I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS"

"I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "I-DATE" "I-DATE"

"B-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON"


Input: "Rosas" "and" "J" "."

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"


Input: "Malenovský" "," "Presidents" "of" "Chambers" "," "E" "."

"B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT"

"I-TIME" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME"

"B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS"

"I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS"

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT"

"B-DATE" "O" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "O" "B-DATE" "B-DATE"

"I-DATE" "O" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "I-DATE" "I-DATE"

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"

"B-TIME" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME"

"B-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON"


Input: "Juhász" "," "M" "."

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"


Input: "Safjan" "," "D" "."

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"


Input: "Šváby" "," "A" "."

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"


Input: "Prechal" "," "F" "."

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"


Input: "Biltgen" "(" "Rapporteur" ")" "," "K" "."

"I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS"

"B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS"

"B-TIME" "O" "B-TIME" "O" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME"

"I-DATE" "O" "I-DATE" "O" "O" "I-DATE" "I-DATE"

"B-DATE" "O" "B-DATE" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "B-DATE"

"B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT"

"I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT"

"I-TIME" "O" "I-TIME" "O" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME"

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"B-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON"


Input: "Jürimäe" "," "M" "."

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"


Input: "Vilaras" "and" "E" "."

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"


Input: "Regan" "," "Judges" "," "Advocate" "General" ":" "M" "."

"I-TIME" "O" "O" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME"

"B-DATE" "O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "O" "B-DATE" "B-DATE"

"I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT"

"B-TIME" "O" "O" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME"

"B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS"

"I-DATE" "O" "O" "O" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "I-DATE" "I-DATE"

"I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS"

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT"

"B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON"


Input: "Wathelet" "," "Registrar" ":" "K" "."

"B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS"

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"I-DATE" "O" "I-DATE" "O" "I-DATE" "I-DATE"

"B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT"

"B-TIME" "O" "B-TIME" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME"

"I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT"

"I-TIME" "O" "I-TIME" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME"

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS"

"B-DATE" "O" "B-DATE" "O" "B-DATE" "B-DATE"

"B-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON"


Input: "Malacek" "," "Administrator" "," "having" "regard" "to" "the" "written" "procedure" "and" "further" "to" "the" "hearing" "on" "27" "February" "2018" "," "after" "considering" "the" "observations" "submitted" "on" "behalf" "of" "–" "IR" "," "by" "B" "."

"B-ADDRESS" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS"

"I-ADDRESS" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS"

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"I-AMOUNT" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT"

"B-AMOUNT" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT"

"B-PERSON" "O" "B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON"


Input: "Göpfert" "," "Rechtsanwalt" "," "M" "."

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"

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"I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT"

"B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT"

"B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS"

"I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS"

"B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON"


Input: "Ruffert" "and" "G" "."

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"


Input: "Thüsing" "," "–" "the" "German" "Government" "," "by" "T" "."

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS"

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"

"I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT"

"B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS"

"B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT"

"B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON"


Input: "Henze" "," "J" "."

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"


Input: "Möller" "and" "D" "."

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"


Input: "Klebs" "," "acting" "as" "Agents" "," "–" "the" "Polish" "Government" "," "by" "B" "."

"I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT"

"I-TIME" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME" "O" "O" "I-TIME" "I-TIME"

"I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS"

"I-DATE" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-DATE" "I-DATE" "O" "O" "I-DATE" "I-DATE"

"B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS"

"B-TIME" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME" "O" "O" "B-TIME" "B-TIME"

"B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT"

"B-DATE" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "B-DATE" "O" "O" "B-DATE" "B-DATE"

"B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON"


Input: "Majczyna" "," "A" "."

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"


Input: "Siwek" "and" "M" "."

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"


Input: "Szwarc" "," "acting" "as" "Agents" "," "–" "the" "European" "Commission" "," "by" "D" "."

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"

"I-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ADDRESS" "I-ADDRESS"

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"

"B-ADDRESS" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-ADDRESS" "B-ADDRESS"

"B-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-AMOUNT" "B-AMOUNT"

"I-AMOUNT" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "I-AMOUNT" "I-AMOUNT"

"B-PERSON" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "O" "B-PERSON" "I-PERSON"


Input: "Martin" "and" "B" "."

"B-ORGANISATION" "O" "B-ORGANISATION" "B-ORGANISATION"

"I-ORGANISATION" "O" "I-ORGANISATION" "I-ORGANISATION"


Input: "-" "R" "."


Input: "Killmann" "," "acting" "as" "Agents" "," "after" "hearing" "the" "Opinion" "of" "the" "Advocate" "General" "at" "the" "sitting" "on" "31" "May" "2018" "," "gives" "the" "following" "Judgment" "1" "This" "request" "for" "a" "preliminary" "ruling" "concerns" "the" "interpretation" "of" "Article" "4" "(" "2" ")" "of" "Council" "Directive" "2000" "/" "78" "/" "EC" "of" "27" "November" "2000" "establishing" "a" "general" "framework" "for" "equal" "treatment" "in" "employment" "and" "occupation" "(" "OJ" "2000" "L" "303" "," "p" "." "16" ")" "." "2" "The" "request" "has" "been" "made" "in" "a" "dispute" "between" "JQ" "and" "his" "employer" "," "IR" "," "in" "respect" "of" "the" "lawfulness" "of" "JQ" "’" "s" "dismissal" "," "which" "was" "justified" "by" "an" "alleged" "infringement" "of" "the" "duty" "of" "good" "faith" "and" "loyalty" "to" "IR" "’" "s" "ethos" "."

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Input: "Legal" "context" "European" "Union" "law" "3" "Recitals" "4" "," "23" "," "24" "and" "29" "of" "Directive" "2000" "/" "78" "state" ":" "‘" "(" "4" ")" "The" "right" "of" "all" "persons" "to" "equality" "before" "the" "law" "and" "protection" "against" "discrimination" "constitutes" "a" "universal" "right" "recognised" "by" "the" "Universal" "Declaration" "of" "Human" "Rights" "," "the" "United" "Nations" "Convention" "on" "the" "Elimination" "of" "All" "Forms" "of" "Discrimination" "against" "Women" "," "United" "Nations" "Covenants" "on" "Civil" "and" "Political" "Rights" "and" "on" "Economic" "," "Social" "and" "Cultural" "Rights" "and" "by" "the" "European" "Convention" "for" "the" "Protection" "of" "Human" "Rights" "and" "Fundamental" "Freedoms" "," "to" "which" "all" "Member" "States" "are" "signatories" "."