Mitochondrial inner membrane m-AAA protease component paraplegin
metalloendopeptidase activity
SPG7 targets the m-AAA protease complex to process MCU for uniporter assembly, Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx, and regulation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening.
The mitochondrial matrix ATPase associated with diverse cellular activities (m-AAA) protease spastic paraplegia 7 (SPG7) has been recently implicated as either a negative or positive regulatory component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) by two research groups. To address this controversy, we investigated possible mechanisms that explain the discrepancies between these two studies. We found that loss of the SPG7 gene increased resistance to Ca<sup>2+</sup>-induced mPTP opening. However, this occurs independently of cyclophilin D (cyclosporine A insensitive) rather it is through decreased mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentrations and subsequent adaptations mediated by impaired formation of functional mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> uniporter complexes. We found that SPG7 directs the m-AAA complex to favor association with the mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> uniporter (MCU) and MCU processing regulates higher order MCU-complex formation. The results suggest that SPG7 does not constitute a core component of the mPTP but can modulate mPTP through regulation of the basal mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration.