Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit
negative regulation of inflammatory response
A novel prostaglandin E receptor 4-associated protein participates in antiinflammatory signaling.
Prostaglandin E2 exerts an antiinflammatory action by ligation of the heptahelical receptor EP4 in human macrophages. Because the mechanism by which EP4 receptor stimulation suppresses inflammatory activation in macrophages remains undefined, we sought interactors with the carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the EP4 receptor. Yeast 2-hybrid screening of the human bone marrow cDNA library with the EP4 receptor as a bait identified a cDNA clone encoding a 669-amino acid protein, designated here as EP4 receptor-associated protein (EPRAP), which contains 8 ankyrin motifs that might recruit other signaling molecules. EPRAP bound to the full-length EP4 receptor in HEK293 cells cotransfected with V5-tagged EPRAP and FLAG-tagged EP4 receptor cDNA, as anti-FLAG antibody coimmunoprecipitated EPRAP with the EP4 receptor from the lysates of cotransfected cells. Human macrophages derived from peripheral blood monocytes expressed an approximately 70-kDa protein detected by Western blotting with a polyclonal anti-EPRAP antibody. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry colocalized EPRAP with the EP4 receptor in human atheromata. Interference with EPRAP function by small interference RNA limited prostaglandin E2-mediated suppression of chemokine expression in macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor alpha. In conclusion, the antiinflammatory action of prostaglandin E2 in macrophages involves EPRAP that associates directly with the cytoplasmic tail of EP4 receptor.