Sodium channel regulatory subunit beta-1
voltage-gated sodium channel complex
Voltage-gated Na+ channel beta 1 subunit mRNA expressed in adult human skeletal muscle, heart, and brain is encoded by a single gene.
Voltage-gated Na+ channels are heteromeric proteins consisting of alpha and beta subunits. Although alpha subunits alone are sufficient to encode functional channels, beta 1 subunits appear to modulate the kinetics of inactivation. We have used a cross-species reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction approach to isolate cDNAs encoding a Na+ channel beta 1 subunit from human heart and skeletal muscle. The deduced amino acid sequence of the human beta 1 subunit exhibits 96% identity with the rat brain beta 1 subunit. Human beta 1 mRNA transcripts are abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain. Genomic Southern blot hybridization experiments suggest that a single gene located on chromosome 19 encodes the human beta 1 subunit that is expressed in all three of these tissues. Co-expression of the human beta 1 subunit with the recombinant human skeletal muscle alpha subunit (hSkM1) in Xenopus oocytes results in Na+ currents that inactivate rapidly. In contrast, the human beta 1 subunit has no effect on the function of the tetrodotoxin-insensitive human heart Na+ channel (hH1). These findings indicate that the human beta 1 subunit is widely expressed but does not functionally modify all Na+ channel isoforms.