Myosin-9
actin filament-based movement
Mutations in human nonmuscle myosin IIA found in patients with May-Hegglin anomaly and Fechtner syndrome result in impaired enzymatic function.
A family of autosomal-dominant diseases including May-Hegglin anomaly, Fechtner syndrome, Sebastian syndrome, Alport syndrome, and Epstein syndrome are commonly characterized by giant platelets and thrombocytopenia. In addition, there may be leukocyte inclusions, deafness, cataracts, and nephritis, depending on the syndrome. Mutations in the human nonmuscle myosin IIA heavy chain gene (MYH9) have been linked to these diseases. Two of the recently described mutations, N93K and R702C, are conserved in smooth and nonmuscle myosins from vertebrates and lie in the head domain of myosin. Interestingly, the two mutations lie within close proximity in the three-dimensional structure of myosin. These two mutations were engineered into a heavy meromyosin-like recombinant fragment of nonmuscle myosin IIA, which was expressed in baculovirus along with the appropriate light chains. The R702C mutant displays 25% of the maximal MgATPase activity of wild type heavy meromyosin and moves actin filaments at half the wild type rate. The effects of the N93K mutation are more dramatic. This heavy meromyosin has only 4% of the maximal MgATPase activity of wild type and does not translocate actin filaments in an in vitro motility assay. Biochemical characterization of the mutant is consistent with this mutant being unable to fully adopt the "on" conformation.