texts: How/where to find precedent civil cases (Canada)?

texts: I am interested in learning about some civil cases that happened in the past. What are the resources that one could use to find thematic breakdown of such cases? For example, where would I be able to see civil cases on tenant vs landlord? Interested jurisdiction - Canada.


texts: Can an HOA board obtain an open ended bank loan without membership approval?

texts:
I belong to a New Jersey HOA of about 300 homeowners. Our board decided to obtain a $500,000 bank loan. It's been spending money like water and used up all the money that was designated for major repair work that was needed. Now, it has decided to take out a loan to do that work and any other things that it may think of.
Is this legal. Aren't there some kind of requirements for doing this?
I tried researching this in the Smith, Estis and Li publication "NJ Condominium & Community Association Law" and on sites dealing with HOA issues but I could find nothing related to this.


texts: When the Director differs from the script

texts:
Let's assume Alice wrote a bestseller. Then she made a script from it. This script is then given to the movie studio in Hollywood, who contracts Director Bob to make the actual film. The studio doesn't have the greatest lawyers, so it signs conflicting contracts:
The contract between the studio and the author was written by the studio's lawyer, but the author demanded two provisions: It explicitly states that the studio or its employees and contractors may not alter the script (except for minimal things) without the written approval of the change by Alice, though it is not expressly said if said approval needs to be prior or could be gotten after the fact. The very next clause prescribes that if the approval provision is breached, the license to make and distribute the adaption is void without the need of further notice.
The contract of the studio with the Director was drafted by the Director's lawyer as his standard contract and the studio representative just signed it off after being handed it. It allows him artistic leeway over how to alter the script but never specifies what that means. It doesn't contain any damage clause. During the negotiation with the representative, Bob did not inquire about the licensing contract the studio had with Alice or the script author and thus didn't read it, though he could have gotten a copy if he had asked.
Filming starts, and Director Bob does as he does, starting to edit the script by altering the dialogue and merging characters as he sees fit, using what he calls artistic leeway. He also never sends his alterations to the studio to have them check them for approval by the author.
Then, Alice decides to request a pre-premiere of the film and is given so by the studio (Director Bob would never approve!). As a result, Alice discovers the substantial alterations and points out that the license was voided, prohibiting the distribution.
Which brings us to the questions of law of this situation:

Was the studio representative [grossly] negligent in granting Director Bob the artistic leeway clause, not expressly informing Bob about the licensing terms and not checking up on changes when it was bound to get approval for such by its contract?
Is Director Bob liable for the expenses and damages incurred by bringing the studio into the breach of its licensing contract?
Did, through the voiding of the license, the film become an unlicensed derivate and thus it is wilful copyright infringement? If so, at what moment did it become so?


texts: By selling a flagged solution to a student to catch them cheating, would the seller be liable for the breach of contract?

texts:
This is a follow up question to this HNQ question from academia.

Suppose a student S posts an assignment for school/university/... on a freelancer website. A faculty member F sees this and agrees to provide a solution to the assignment for a price x.

Legally, imho, the contract that S and F enter is valid. S provides the price x, F provides the solution.

However, F decides to provide a solution that is uniquely identifiable, thereby knowingly sabotaging their solution.

The student S turns in the solution, F identifies it and therefore F fails S and takes disciplinary action for cheating.

F returns the money to S later and was always going to do so.

However, F and S had a contract. I assume F is breaching the contract to provide a "valid" solution by providing a solution they know will not do what the student wants it to do, even if it looks like it would.

Let's take US law for reference though I suppose it would be more or less the same in many jurisdictions.

Is F liable for the breach of contract and what possible damages could they be liable for? Would it be a realistic scenario that the student sues F for getting them thrown out of the school if that happens and gets a compensation for that? Or in other words, apart from probably beeing ethical, is it legal to place a trap for the student?


texts: Is it against German law to oppose the existence of the state of Israel?

texts:
If in the German jurisdiction a person, without inciting violence, states in writing or in speech that they are opposed to the existence of the state of Israel and advocates that other people should also be so opposed, are they breaking German law?

I am interested in two cases: first, the general case (has the person committed a crime?); second, the case of a German civil servant (can or must their employer discipline them or even sack them in response to their action?)


texts: Exhibiting non-documentary items in UK civil cases

texts:
I can find the rules for notification, filing, and exhibiting, of documentary exhibits such as invoices, letters and witness statements.  But I can't find what is required for non-documentary exhibits. The 2 kinds of exhibits I'm thinking of are -

1) DVD of digital photos (where prints don't show the detail needed or the photo will need to be viewed using pan/zoom)

2) Cumbersome exhibits where the other side disputes some matter about them, and the original object will need to be brought to the court and shown during the trial. (The objects would be the size of a small briefcase, but need to be shown to the court directly, not just by photograph, and there could be disputes of fact where the court needs to see the actual object and not just a 2d photo)


texts: Can a child sell things in a public place without a permit?

texts:
Allison Ettel, dubbed "Permit Patty," was under fire after calling the police on an 8-year-old selling water bottles without a permit. People of the Internet got really pissed at her.

Legally speaking, was she right? A quick Google search leads me to believe that minors do actually need a permit to sell stuff. However, the kid and her mother didn't get into any trouble.

Was it a situation where calling the police was the proper legal action? Was Allison Ettel legally right even though everyone hates her?


texts:
CPS were directed by the Crown court to provide the reasoning why the Police did not secure CCTV evidence.  The court made an order to provide this to all parties by 28 July. On 30th July CPS requested a variation to the order to extend the time to 11 August.  CPS were asked on what grounds they were seeking this variation. Nothing was received from CPS and even their own requested extended deadline has passed now. Case is being heard 21 August

What options are available to the defendant at this point?


texts: Can we collect data from minors to operate a competition with a prize?

texts:
We're planning to run a simple competition at an event. It's a skill based competition (not a lottery), where the best score at the end of the event will receive an android tablet. No purchase is required to enter. It's just meant to be fun. The target audience of the event is very broad, and we expect a lot of children to attend. The event will be in held in Finland and we're a Finnish company.

To run the competition, we obviously need a way to contact the prize winners. It's a two day event, so we are planning to keep an encrypted Excel sheet on a local computer with the player's name, contact information, and score. The only purpose of the sheet is to contact the winner and ship the prize to them - we will securely delete all the data after the event.

(We will get our real lawyer to check our terms and conditions are watertight beforehand, but I don't want to seek their advice if what we're trying to do is clearly illegal.)

In summary, the question is : is it legal to collect contact information on minors to facilitate a "for fun" competition with all data used strictly only for that purpose?


texts: What happens to struck-down laws when the decision(s) that killed them are reversed?

texts:
If a law is struck-down as unconstitutional, but all the precedent used to find it unconstitutional gets reversed; what becomes of the law?

Is it totally dead, needing be passed anew? Can the judiciary be asked to reinstated, after which point it can be used again? Or can it just be enforced again without any formal process; so long as nobody sues and gets it killed again by a lower court?

Also, would the answer differ according to country? If so, could you please give me some examples of countries handling this differently.


texts: Do all cops in the USA actually wear bodycams now?

texts:
I've seen numerous videos of people getting arrested in the USA, both in their cars on the road and at their homes.
Apparently, cops wear always-running cameras at all times these days, not just mounted on their cars (which is bad enough from a privacy perspective).
Does this really apply to ALL cops? Do they actually have the audacity to film me and store that footage forever and make it available to the public if they pay me a visit at my home and knock on the door and ask me questions about whatever?
Or is it only a certain "segment" of cops, such as those frequently involved in violent encounters on the road or where they suspect that there will be a shootout at the house where they knock on the door?


texts: How do I obtain a court order to receive a certified death certificate of custodial parent to terminate income withholding order in Arizona?

texts: According to the Maricopa county Arizona vital records, I cannot request a certified death certificate since I am not a family member (we were never married) or have a court order. I am needing to cancel income withholding payments to the clearinghouse since I have taken natural custody as we had joint-custody. The petition to terminate income withholding order says I need a copy of the death certificate. What should I do?


texts: Is there precedent for double dipping after notice to vacate?

texts:
I gave my twenty day notice to our leasing company on the 11th, planning to be out on the 30th of April. They've stated that they must have received the notice no later than 00:00 (12AM) on the 10th for the twenty day notice. This to me seems more like a 21 day notice, but that's less of an issue.

However, after I handed them a written notice, they stated that I must sign a notice to vacate that they have prepared as well, otherwise they would not acknowledge receipt of mine. I had already sent a certified letter through the post office, so they really couldn't avoid acknowledgment of the letter, but as of the time of me going into the office to hand in one personally, it hadn't arrived yet (according to the tracking number). Not knowing if my twenty days was twenty days or not, and that they hadn't received my letter, I agreed to sign theirs and everything looked fine on the paperwork.

However, after everything was signed, that stated that because I would still be there on the first of the month, I would need to pay the entire month's rent for April, and that after the date mentioned on the notice (April 30) that they would be able to market the apartment as available. I objected to this, stating that if I'm paying for an entire month's rent, that I have a right to be there for the entire month. They said absolutely not, as it is their right as a leasing agency in Washington to do this. I haven't been able to find anything in my research that would indicate that this is the case, but IANAL.

Is there precedent for this in Washington? Do they get to double-dip in this manner? Because as written, it seems like they could have someone start their lease at the first day after what I mentioned in my noticed (May 1), and have the new tenant pay for May, after I have already paid for May.

Relevant section from the lease

  NOTICE TO VACATE Resident understands Washington State Law requires that to terminate residency, twenty
  (20) days written notice must be given to Landlord or to Resident by Landlord prior to the end of the monthly
  term. Resident agrees that if he/she remains in possessions of said unit after date of intention to vacate, he/she will pay a
  daily rental of $75.00 thereafter.


texts: Is it defamatory to tell someone that they have a lack of professionalism and integrity?

texts: In the U.S. could I be found liable for defamation for telling persons A, B, and C that person A "lacks professionalism and integrity?"


texts: Today we were arguing about induction of suicide, the theme was the following: if you pretend to commit suicide and your girlfriend\boyfriend didn't know it was fake and consequently commits suicide themselves, are you liable for any legal penalties?


texts: Does this fall under the "Commercial usage" definition?

texts:
I am working on a mobile application. It uses a third-party service (let's call it XYZ) which in its ToS has stated

  Use the XYZ Platform to develop and distribute non-commercial
  Streaming SDAs that comply with the Branding Guidelines (i) for
  private personal use (ii) on Approved Devices (iii) by XYZ users who
  are subscribed to the Premium Service (as defined in The XYZ Terms
  and Conditions of Use).

My use case falls under the definition of Streaming SDA

Now, my application will be free to download and use the features that said service offers, without any restrictions whatsoever, but I want to include the in-app purchase which unlocks some other features in my app, mostly related to the interface and some minor features.

The locked features have nothing to do with the third party service, so if I understand correctly I do not profit from using the service in my app. The in-app purchase is entirely optional for users, they are not forced to buy it in any way and the free version of the app is perfectly usable.


texts:
Consider the following scenario:  A, B, and C are passengers on a single-aisle commercial airplane that is disembarking in New York.

A is blocking B from passing.
A makes way for C to pass, but C does not.
B sees the opportunity to pass and tries to do so.
A blocks the passageway.
B pushes past A.
A puts B in a headlock and puts him on the floor.

What common-law crimes have been committed by A and B?


texts:
My understanding is that the term civil conspiracy (in the U.S., at least) normally refers to a crime involving two or more conspirators.
What term is applied to lone conspirators? The Unabomber and D.B. Cooper would be good examples. If they aren't guilty of civil conspiracy, then what term describes their crimes?
To put it another way, how does the law distinguish between a "classic conspiracy" involving two or more people and a crime (or planned crime) involving a lone conspirator?


texts: I think it's rude to just download MP3s from the Internet so I buy them from Amazon. But I want to share them with my immediate family. I know that if it was a CD, I could just lend it to them, but lending MP3 doesn't really work (I can't be bothered deleting files every time and copying them back again). Is that allowed to duplicate the files to my brother's smartphone?


texts: Am I liable for problems caused by unendorsed software modification on my products?

texts:
Imagine the following hypothetical.
My firm produces electronic controllers for a variety of products. Let's focus, say, on a commercial washing machine.

We design the electronics and develop the software that controls user interface and washing cycles. In those regards, everything works perfectly.

In this scenario I am a software engineer working in said firm. Being an idealistic follower of the open source philosophy, I publish a tutorial on how to reprogram and customize the washing machine. Important points to note:

I do this work independently (i.e. the publication is not officially endorsed by my firm).
I am not disclosing any information that would not be inferable by analyzing the device itself; the original source code and schematics are kept secret.
I am not in conflict with my firm: they know what I am doing and are not opposed to it - although they don't officially support it.
I warn in capital letters to be wary of any modification to the original product, specifying that the firm does not encourage it. I don't mention my connection to the firm at all.

Following my instructions, a user successfully reprograms one of our devices. Due to those software modifications the machine malfunctions, causing damage to people and/or property.
In the wake of this accident the user decides to sue my firm, claiming that the product is at fault.

The question is: is there any legal ground on which such a claim could stand?

It is my understanding that since the procedure to modify the existing software is not officially endorsed it is basically tampering, and the firm cannot be held responsible.

I live in Europe (Italy), but I am interested in answers from any legal system.


texts: Does the US Fifth Amendment only apply to criminal trials? Do any laws protect a person in civil court when testimony would implicate them in a crime?

texts:
Suppose someone is accused of burglary. This person is asked to appear in civil court regarding an unrelated event that occurred at the same time as the burglary but in a different location.

If the person is pleading the fifth in the criminal proceedings (or plans to), can this person decline to answer questions in the civil court about their whereabouts during the events? Can they answer questions selectively? Does their role in the civil proceedings (witness, defendant, etc.) affect the answer?


texts: Do software developers typically retain ownership of work done OUTSIDE of work?

texts:
As a developer at a large software company, am I entitled to the right to work on my own projects, independent of my employer? I am referring to work completed on unpaid time, using only my own resources, not competing with the employer, and using no software or intellectual property from the employer.

Is there a typical answer to this question?


texts: When a used car is sold "as-is", does that excuse seller from selling the car with smog certificate in California?

texts: California law states the seller is always responsible for selling the car with a smog certificate. If the seller sells the car saying it is "as-is" does that excuses him/her from previously obtaining this certificate? Which legal risks the seller would be exposed to if he/she does that?


texts: I got a  flyer which advertises a free service trial. The word „free“ appears three times overall and each time it has an asterisk, but neither on the front nor on the back is there an explanation for what the asterisk means. Until now I have never encountered this situation so I wonder if this is even legal (I live in Switzerland, but it would still be interesting to hear about other countries as well).


texts: Do I have to send one of those emails after updating my privacy policy for GDPR?

texts:
We’re all getting them: “We’ve updated our privacy policy” emails from companies left, right, and centre. But are organisations required to send them? Or are they sending them because everyone else is?

Is there a legal requirement to notify people a privacy policy has been updated due to the incoming GDPR rules? A company’s not emailed me in the past to say they’ve updated their privacy policy, so I’m just wondering what’s special about a privacy policy update off the back of GDPR? Does GDPR itself mandate customers be notified a company’s adhering to it?


texts: Creating a LLC in Delaware when I am in California?

texts:
If I live/work in California can I create an LLC in Delaware (or possibly Nevada)?  I've read that it's much cheaper and overall a better idea to have an LLC in Delaware. But I don't live out there, have an office out there or have any other connection - I'm all California.

If I created an LLC in Delaware would I receive all of the protections that being a corporation offers?  Would there be any tax implications that I should know about?


texts: Music- what if I move or cancel distribution service

texts:
Suppose a songwriter wants to use a distribution service to push songs  to spotify. From reviews on YouTube all of the distributors (ditto, distro kid, ccd babe etc.) they all have their influencers who don't like them.
Lets say the artist publishes with ditto but then wants to move to distro kid, what happens to the music? are they obliged to move it to the other distributor of the artist's choice?


texts: If I purchase an AR-15 in Washington and move to Utah, would I be able to bring the firearm?

texts:
I currently live in Washington state. I am planning on moving to Utah fairly soon. A friend of mine would like to sell me their AR-15 rifle.  I can't find any information outlining the restrictions on moving to a different state with a firearm. I would like to believe that so long as the firearm is legal in the state I am moving to, that I would be able to bring it, no problem.

My question is, if I purchase an AR-15 in Washington and move to Utah, would I be able to bring the gun, and if so is there any extra registration, paperwork, or fees I need to deal with?


texts: Felons Allowed Banking License & Right To Discriminate Against Other Felons?

texts:
Citicorp, JPMorgan Chase & Co., Barclays PLC, and The Royal Bank of Scotland are all American Felons.

https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/five-major-banks-agree-parent-level-guilty-pleas

As a felon you cannot become a lawyer, doctor, or pharmacist.  In some states you cannot vote.  Public service jobs are out (police ff,emt).  Banking jobs as well.

So, how are these banks still in business, legally?


texts: What is the meaning of 'the rights reverted to the author of the book in 1951'?

texts:
I am trying to show some illustrations and pictures from the pages of a 1931 book in my YouTube educational video. The author is dead with no known living descendants. A scanned copy of the book can be freely download in The Internet Archive site, where the following information is listed "No known copyright restrictions as determined by scanning institution". Then I looked for the company that published the book and it can be traced to a modern publisher. I wrote them and this is the answer I got:

The rights to this work reverted to the author in 1951. The following is the referral information from then:
Ms. Margaret Wilson, Duell, Sloan & Pearce, Inc., 270 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016.

and I have trouble understanding what that means. That the rights 'reverted to the author in 1951' means that (since the guy is dead and I can't find any living descendants, and the book seems to be offered for free to download in The Internet Archive) I can happily show images from the book in my YouTube video and get away with just printing "(C) 1951 [name of the author here]" in the end titles of the video?
Remark: Duell, Sloan & Pearce, Inc. can be traced up to Penguin Random House today, and they list many books by the same author in their catalog, but not that one.


texts: Why'd a plaintiff sue in 1. the firms's name or 2. all partners' names, instead of always 3. suing in 1 and 2?

texts:
Source: Ontario Small Claims Court - A Practical Guide (2011), p. 29 Bottom - p. 31 Top.

  §3.17 By the same token, a partnership may be sued either in [1.] the firm name,
  [2.] in the names of all of the partners or [3.] in the names of all of the partners together with the firm name.

Isn't 3 (= 1 & 2) always the most advantageous, lucrative option for a plaintiff? Why'd a plaintiff sue in 1 orEXCLUSIVE 2 instead?

The following states #1 as resulting the same and no more advantageous than #3. But #2's more burdensome than #3, as #2 needs the additional step of making the partners personally responsible for the judgment obtained against the firm name.


texts: Airport Security - advanced check, 4th amendment breach

texts:
I am a traveller, have a long Muslim name and I encounter frequent advanced searches at airports. Searching someone based solely on their name is obviously illegal as per the 4th amendment, but I assume bigotry exists so I learned to deal with it. However, what follows is a special case.

Let us say I wanted to go from airport A to airport C, and I need to transfer flights along this journey at airport B. Airport B decided to do an advanced search, causing me to miss my flight to airport C since the advanced search had taken too much time.

Is this a breach of the 4th amendment? Since the advanced search would be considered unreasonable in this scenario as it caused me to miss a flight, and the only justification that airport security could provide for the search was my name which is already illegal. Surely in this case airport security would be obligated to skip an advanced search on me since I have another flight shortly, but they decided not to; the only confounding variable that could have caused this was my name.

This is specific to the United States.


texts: What is the status of 'Good Faith' in Australian contract law?

texts: Answers from other jurisdictions (particularly united-states and europe) state that there is an implied duty of good faith in contracts. Is this the case in Australia?


texts: Public exposure/indecency: how do porno companies get away with it?

texts: I hate to ask, but with all the disgusting porn out there how is it legal that some is filmed in public? For example, in Eastern countries such as Hungary do they not have indecent exposure/public nudity/obscenity laws? I think I've even seen some videos on video sharing websites where they are in the US and a women is engaging in sex acts on the street. How isn't this illegal?


texts: Can a month be considered four weeks of work in employment case

texts:
If I worked for a month I am entitled to 7 days pay in lieu of notice.
I worked from 10 Dec 2018 to 4 Jan 2019 four weeks.
 Is there a case law example where four weeks is considered a month?


texts:
In the GPL, why do they put quotes around the phrase here:

  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

It doesn't seem to require them, but this is a legal document that's gone through multiple drafts and been approved by committee each time, so I'd assume some thought went into it. Unless they just happened to find an "entire group of people" all of whom have an abiding and perverse love of "extraneous punctuation".


texts: Can the Landlord Kick us out 9 months before the contract end date?

texts:
I live in a condo in Ontario, Canada.
As I used to be a student (now have a full time job) I had to pay 1 year in advance  back in September. Landlord and I signed a contract that states

It is understood and agreed that sixty [60] days prior to the expiry of the Lease, the Landlord or the Landlord's Agent shall be allowed to show the premises at reasonable times with 24 hour advance notice.
The Tenant acknowledges that the Landlord or his/her Agent can enter the unit with 24 hour or reasonable notice to the Tenant to inspect the unit. The Tenant agrees to allow Two Visits per year during the term of the Lease..

However, he now wants to sell the place and giving me 2 month notice and says he's going to start viewing/visits soon. Can he legally kick us out?


texts: Is the use of a community currency instead of the official legal tender a tax evasion?

texts:
Let's say that a cult of weirdos run off and buy some land in the middle of nowhere, they establish a company to buy this land and maintain it's payment; they setup their own government, tax their members, and generally build their own little pseudo-state within an properly established nation.

At this stage, notice how what their doing is legal; the company is legally purchasing the land, and renting it to it's members. The company and people are following the law, and both are paying their taxes to the government.

Now, lets say that these people establish their own fiat currency; no matter the reason. They print bills, and auction them off in exchange for dollars, pay their public employees in this currency (let's ignore the minimum wage), and demand taxes and land payments in this fiat currency, as well as demand a minimum wage from the companies in their pseudo-governmental system, and generally establish this fiat legal tender as the currency of choice for their people, eventually stamping out the dollar.

Goods are either created in their economy and exchanged for this currency as it circulates, or are imported from outside, exchanging this currency for dollars solely to make the transaction.

From the governments perspective, if the people using this currency aren't making an income in dollars or yen or whatever the main currency is, and thus aren't being taxed for their use of this otherwise meaningless paper, would this count as a form of mass tax evasion? Or mass tax avoidance? Do governments still demand taxes in some form? If so, how? And does it vary from nation to nation?


texts: Which crime is done or law violated when a person pushes other to commit suicide?

texts: In Argentina there is a crime that's called "suicidio inducido" (induced suicide)  that's when a person physically or psychologically pushes another to commit suicide. I looked for a crime like this (induced suicide) in English but I couldnt find a reference. Is there such crime or which charge would be applied to a person doing such thing in United States?


texts:
I have signed assignment of inventions with my employer. The exact wordings is not available to me - however I remember vaguely that it dealt with all inventions by employees being company's property.

My question is if I invent a system or develop a product in my spare time (outside office hours) and using my own personal resources (laptop, devices, personal time and effort etc...) will that still be in danger of being attacked by assignment of inventions? Can I safely assume that such property will fully be mine?

(I am asking because I remember reading in a reputed book - Business Law for Entrepreneurs) that any invention/developed product can be claimed by employer even if it is produced outside normal hours of employment with personal resources - Since it is done during the term period of employment.

I would love see someone shed light on this aspect since the above sounds too draconian.


texts: Printing copyrighted logos on t-shirts/jackets/apparel without permission: in which situations is it legal?

texts:
If I were to order custom t-shirts from a t-shirt printing company with some copyrighted brand on them, (when) would it be legally OK for me to do so without the copyright owner's permission?

Is it legal if I do not distribute them to others at all?
Is it legal if I give them to my family/relatives for free, e.g. as a gift?
Is it legal if I give them away to others for free (meaning I'm losing my own money on them)?
Is it legal if I sell them to others at-cost (i.e. for the same price I obtained them, meaning I'm not making any money from them)?
If the answer is "yes" to any of the above, can the copyright holder explicitly prohibit me from doing so, or would such a prohibition be unenforceable (e.g. if this would be fair use)?
Any other factors that are relevant but which I'm forgetting?

It's hard for me to tell, because copyright seems to be about "commercial" use, but none of these seems to be commercial use to me, yet I don't know if I'm interpreting the law correctly.


texts: What are the circumstances that require disclosure of an old legal name, when the name change case has been sealed?

texts:
I've previously had my name changed in a district court in the state of Utah. The case was filed as an adult name change and the case itself was order sealed by the judge who heard it. All of my identification has been changed to reflect this fact, and copies of the court order to seal were provided to the issuing agencies as well.

I'm applying to the Division of Occupational Licences to get practice a regulated profession in the state of Utah. Part of the application asks 'all previous legal names.' Am I required to disclose my old name here despite the fact that the case was sealed? The statutes governing name changes in Utah do not provide any guidance for this situation.

As an admittedly rough comparison, the application also calls to disclose old criminal records unless they have been expunged. (Which, so far as I understand it, is the practical equivalent in the State of Utah) This despite that the governing statute, the Utah Expungement Act, states that DoPL may access expunged records upon request.


texts: Can religious organizations be held accountable for disregarding public health measures?

texts:
Court decisions are preventing States from regulating religious gatherings for public health measures. That means that churches can disregard such measures but does not mean they are required to do so. Therefore it is a voluntary decision by the religious organization.
If a group of people get sick and can prove the source of the illness was one of these religious gatherings, could those people file a law suit for damages, wrongful death, whatever, because the church/temple/mosque knew of public health measures and chose to disregard them?


texts:
A gang beat me up and incurred  a $1200 medical bill. Police  filed charges but did not arrest.

What evidence do I need to file a civil lawsuit  over the bill? They probably deleted the door camera footage. I have a police officer and his body cam showing my injuries, a medical bill, but no direct witnesses  to the event. Is it enough to show that this huge group of guys standing around me and me being injured? Or is that not conclusive evidence? If I can order the amazon go camera footage  and find it was deleted does that make them look bad on  destroying evidence?

For clarity they invited me over to their house to return a car they stole which is a separate case, then kidnapped and attacked me.


texts: How does motor vehicle insurance cover third parties in India?

texts:
I was recently involved in an accident while riding my motorcycle. I had entered the junction immediately after the signal turned green and just before I exited the signal, an erring lorry driver jumped the signal and collided with me. Although I fell on impact, I suffered no serious injuries. A traffic policeman on duty at the scene observed the entire episode and fault on the part of the lorry driver was established.

I filed an FIR which contained the lorry driver's insurance details as well. Subsequently I contacted my insurance company to explain the situation and I was asked to leave my motorcycle at the workshop for repairs. Upon completion of repairs, I was required to pay the workshop and submit the relevant bills to the insurance company for reimbursement.

Now the insurer is only reimbursing a little over half the expense I incurred stating that some of the accessories that were damaged in the accident are partly covered or not covered under their policy. When I sought clarification from the insurance company's representative, I was told that it does not matter who was at fault in the event of an accident as long as there was no physical injury. (In case of physical injury, the cost of hospitalization will be borne by the erring party's insurer.)

Does this seem normal for insurance policies in India wherein claims are not affected based on who was at fault for the accident? I reside in the city of Mumbai, if that is relevant.

PS: This makes little sense to me because suppose I crash into a parked Ferrari, causing it tens of thousands in damage, will the owner of the Ferrari end up bearing a significant expense even if he has proof that he was not at fault for the accident?


texts: Are security guards actually not allowed to do anything?

texts:
Consider a trespassing case, not a robbery or any serious felony which would allow citizens arrest anyway.
Are security guards actually allowed to use force? Especially if it's a discriminatory or illogical reason? The law says any "reasonably appointed" person can issue a trespassing warning, but it never says what that means, and there doesnt seem to be any law, besides precedent and interpretation, that gives security guards any authority whatsoever.


texts: Can I use the real company name of an employer in my autobiography?

texts:
I live in Canada and I am intending to write my autobiography. I am wondering if I can use the name of companies I worked for and describe negative experiences that happened in the workplace without incurring some legal issues with these companies.
My intention is to describe how I have been harrassed. Some harrasement that is hard to prove. At least I can raise awareness about what is happening in some companies.

My question is if legally I am allowed to do that.


texts: Are U.S. employers subject to Canadian employment law if they hire a Canadian to work remotely?

texts:
Hypothetical Facts

U.S. company ("A") hires Canadian worker ("B") to work as an unpaid intern.
B never physically leaves Canada and does all her work by telephone, computer and internet.
A has a physical presence in the U.S. only.
The parties enter into an internship agreement that, among other things, (purports to) commit/s the entire arrangement to the jurisdiction of the U.S.

Questions

Is A or B subject to Canadian employment law? (Will either party get into trouble with the Canadian government?)
If so, what enforcement (and/or punitive) mechanisms are available to the Canadian government to enforce their employment laws against A or B?
Can B later (successfully) sue A in a Canadian court for back wages?


texts: Is there a common name for lawyers and judges?

texts:
Lawyers and Judges, for as different as their roles may be, still work in the same system, and share many skills, even if their jobs involve vary different application of said skills.

Thus, I'm curious, given these similarities, is there a common name for the role they both play, once you strip away the things that make the two different?

Diagram:

Human -> Boy

Human -> Girl

Thus: Boys and girls are both humans.

? -> Judge

? -> Lawyer -> Defence Attorney

? -> Lawyer -> Prosecuting Attorney

? -> Lawyer -> etc.

Thus: Judges and Lawyers are both ?

Thx in advance; sorry if I've horribly misunderstood how this stuff works.


texts: Hot water has been stolen, what to do now?

texts:
US, Arizona, if the city is important I will post but would rather not at this time.

My dad moved into a condo some months back. For some reason he thought the upstairs neighbor might be plugged into his hot water. This morning he woke up and heard the neighbor's shower running. So went and flipped the valve on the hot water heater and sure enough the water stopped upstairs. So it sounds that it is the fact the neighbor is plugged into the hot water.

Is this enough to start a process where evidence can be collected for a lawsuit?

Is this enough where the police can investigate, securing a warrant to enter if need be?

I believe that utility theft is a crime, should police be involved now or later?

Whom should he engage first, counsel or police?

An just an aside question that I am sure will be answered in time, do police share their findings with a victim so the victim can present that evidence in a tort case?


texts: Attorney-in-fact clause within contract; what does it do?

texts:
This language was in the Ownership of work clause in a contract I was recently asked to sign as a freelance writer. The company's lawyer said that it was in case they needed to sue someone for plagiarism. But it doesn't seem to limit their powers.

Can someone please tell me what this paragraph means, and if it's something I should refuse to sign? It scares me to give anyone that kind of power.

  "Consultant agrees to execute any documents and perform any other acts as may be reasonably required by Company or its assignees or licensees to further evidence or effectuate Company’s rights and intellectual property as set forth in this paragraph, and Consultant hereby appoints Company as his/her attorney-in-fact (which appointment is irrevocable and coupled with an interest), with full power of substitution and delegation, to execute any and all such documents and do any and all such other acts consistent herewith that Consultant fails to promptly perform after a reasonable opportunity to review and negotiate same."


texts: My friend believes that the Amanda Knox case, for instance, is an American crime because she herself was an American. I believe what constitutes an American crime is a crime committed on US soil where as the criminal liability falls on US jurisdiction. What do you guys think?


texts: Why is Pacific Beach, San Diego County specified in CA PRC §14571.4

texts:
CA PRC §14570 - 14575.1 addresses the RETURNS portion of the CALIFORNIA BEVERAGE CONTAINER RECYCLING AND LITTER REDUCTION ACT. Throughout the statute is generic for the state until §14571.4 where it identifies specific requirements for Pacific Beach, San Diego County, CA.

Why would the law have this special provision?


texts: Is a fully executed lease with a serious error legally binding?

texts:
I have a fully executed apartment lease, signed by myself and the property manager, that unambiguously states that the monthly rent is $0.

This is an obvious error. Am I legally obligated to pay rent?

EDIT: Property is located in North Carolina.

EDIT #2: I have paid an application fee and security deposit. Neither of these fees are mentioned in the lease. In lease addendums, non-zero monthly fees for a parking space and trash service are specified.


texts: Is it legal to use someone else's trademark as an advertisement keyword?

texts:
For example, could Apple buy search engine advertisement using "redmi" as a keyword, so that users searching for "redmi" are directed to a website selling iPhones?
Could the search engine be held liable if they semantically associated "redmi" with cellphones and showed an iPhone ad to a user searching for "redmi"?


texts: Calculating the sales tax on separate items on a restaurant bill

texts:
Is it legal to tax each item separately?

I visited Buddy's Pizza in Detroit MI on 6 Mile and Conant on 2/14/2016 Valentines Day. The waitress taxed each item on my bill separately: for example, she taxed me for the pizza, then taxed me for the pop, and added a gratuity.


texts: Can a US citizen be denied reentry - COVID-19

texts:
The UCLA states uncategorically that no US citizen can be denied re-entry.

US officials notified passengers aboard the Diamond Princess that they would be denied re-entry "until you are no longer at risk of spreading infection during travel." It becomes even more problematic by stating that the person will be turned away at any boarder (Mexico, Canada, and any sea port) if they have already traveled to the boarder. I question the legality of this action. I understand the US can legally quarantine people, which seems like a legal and rational approach to the issue, but I am not sure if they can banish people like this.


texts: Can illegally obtained evidence be used in favor of the defendant in a criminal case?

texts:
Regarding US law, my general understanding is that if evidence was obtained in an illegitimate way (e.g. under false pretenses), then it may be inadmissible as evidence to support a conviction in a criminal case. The basic rationale for that is somewhat clear, procedurally limiting the power of the government to punish people for crimes to only use the tools that the law allows for.
However, that kind of rationale doesn't really hold up when a defendant in a criminal case obtains evidence that demonstrates the accusation isn't true, but may have been obtained by the defendant in some illegitimate way - if the point is to restrict the power of the government to punish private persons, then a private person defending themselves against punishment by the government doesn't fall under that. As an example, let's say that in a given jurisdiction you don't have the right to film someone on your property without their consent, but you have hidden cameras on your premises anyway, and then you'd like to use those recordings to defend yourself when they show you did not commit a crime you are being accused of.
TLDR: In a criminal trial, when can evidence in favor of the defendant be thrown out on the grounds that the evidence was obtained illegally/illegitimately? What is the rationale for that?
I'm happy with answers for US law, any commonwealth nation's law, or any European nation's law.


texts:
I would like to write a music player for Windows, in C++ or C#, and maybe sell it. I would like to use mciSendString, and I was wondering if I would have to pay any royalties to Microsoft.

Question 1: Can I use ALL of C# .NET in making premium apps without paying for a license to Microsoft?

Question 2: If not, can I use mciSendString, again without paying any royalties to Microsoft?


texts: Do you have the right to demand that a doctor stops injecting a vaccine into your body halfway into the process?

texts:
There is a peculiar situation right now where the Oxford vaccine is suspected to be more efficient if the first dose is a half-dose:

About 3,000 participants were given the half dose and then a full dose four weeks later, and this regime appeared to provide the most protection or efficacy in the trial - around 90%.
In the larger group of nearly 9,000 volunteers, who were given two full doses also four weeks apart, efficacy was 62%.

But lets say the regulators go ahead and approve the "two full doses" vaccine for distribution to the public, as the half-dose option didn't get enough volunteers. Sometime in March, I walk into CVS for my COVID vaccine appointment and a doctor/nurse is waiting for me with a plunger. Do I have the legal right to do one of the following?

Instruct the nurse in advance that I would like to receive just a half-dose
Wait until the plunger is half-way down, then yell STOP or yank my arm to prevent the full shot from being injected

In this situation my goal would be to receive the "half dose and then a full dose" and I'm curious to understand how I could do this without violating any laws.


texts: Is it illegal for my school to install spyware onto my own laptop?

texts: My school installed something called 'Securus XT' onto my laptop. I knew it was meant to be a safeguarding thing but I didn't know they would be able to see every single thing I do on my own laptop (the school didn't give it to me). They saw things I was doing at home not even on the school Wifi and it just does not seem legal. I'm 16 and live in England.


texts:
Is sexual arousal a legally recognized form of duress?
For example, if someone were to enter into a written agreement with a lover, could they later make a valid claim that they were under duress while signing because they were aroused, and thus invalidate the agreement?
My guess is NO, but I'm not a law student and wanted to get a more informed opinion.


texts: Can I use the pen name as the full name of the legal entity on the privacy policy of my new author website (I'm using my christian name and mother's maiden name as my pen name). I'm UK based. Thanks


texts: If private citizens cannot sue when the grievance is common to all citizens, who is supposed to sue?

texts:
Follow-up question to What does this sentence about Trump's lawsuits in Pennsylvania mean?
The document cited by Nate Eldredge in the answer to that question says:

Federal courts are not venues for plaintiffs to assert a bare right “to have the Government act in accordance with law.” Allen v. Wright, 468 U.S. 737, 754 (1984), abrogated on other grounds by Lexmark Int’l, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc., 572 U.S. 118, 126–27 (2014). When the alleged injury is undifferentiated and common to all members of the public, courts routinely dismiss such cases as “generalized grievances” that cannot support standing. United States v. Richardson, 418 U.S. 166, 173–75 (1974). Such is the case here insofar as Plaintiffs, and specifically candidate Bognet, theorize their harm as the right to have government administered in compliance with the Elections Clause and
Electors Clause.

This seems to say that if the government does not act in accordance with law, private citizens cannot file suit to force it to do so. But if the government is not acting in accordance with law, presumably someone/something would be legally empowered to force the government to obey the law. What is that entity? What happens if that entity does not file suit?
Offhand, the closest example that I can think of is when the UK government passed a bill that would break international law, but that is obviously different -- that case involved international law and the aggrieved country would presumably file a lawsuit with the International Court of Justice.


texts: Should I actively try to tell If I am being ticketed?

texts:
I lived in Finland for two months. During these two months, I have submitted a form, where I told finnish postal service that my Finnish address is the one where they should deliver my mail.

A week ago I was photographed by an automated speed radar going 80 km/h in a 60 in a rental car. Immediately after that I had to unexpectedly leave Finland without cancelling the address with Finnish postal service.

Should I actively try to learn if I am in fact being ticketed, before any potential fine increases? If yes, how do I do that?

If it matters, I am a resident of another EU country, the address on my contract with the car rental company is my Finnish address, the rental company is a big multinational one (and also operates in my home country) and neither I nor anyone I know can check the mailbox at my Finnish address anymore.


texts: Why don't Habitual Offender Laws violate rule against double jeopardy?

texts:
Some countries have rules against double jeopardy, yet the same countries also may have rules stipulating more severe punishment to habitual offenders (or practice less severe punishment if the defendant is not convicted before).

Why are these both allowed? Suppose a person commits an offence, for example robbery, and is sentenced to jail for one year. After serving his time he does the same thing again and now is sentenced to two years' imprisonment instead of one just because of the earlier crime. The extra year he is required to serve is just because of the first crime, but he has already been charged, sentenced and served his time for that crime.


texts: Could Ross Ulbricht from Silk Road not get life sentence?

texts:
Ross Ulbricht was the creator and operator of Silk Road, the first modern darknet market, best known as a platform for selling illegal drugs, until his 2013 arrest.

From the criminal complaint, Ross Ulbricht get double life sentence (sentencing hearing).

After he was arrest in the library, could he have done ANYTHING to don't get life sentence? If he declared himself guilty, could he get less time?


texts: Someone took a picture of me with my camera, at my request. Who owns the copyright?

texts:
I am digitally archiving photographs taken by my deceased relative. Most of the time it is clear they took the pictures, but once in a while in a film roll there is a picture of the relative, clearly taken by someone else, in the scenery otherwise photographed by the relative. Presumably the relative arranged the scene and set up the camera, the other person just pushed the shutter release button.
Is there a case to be made that my relative holds the copyright to such not exactly selfie images, or should I state "copyright unknown" on them?
These images are private in nature and have never been published, though sometimes they might have some historical interest as they depict structures and landscapes long gone, and such images will be published (not for profit). This obviously doesn't matter from the copyright point of view, but might still affect the answer.


texts: What is the legal stance of a person who receives misaddressed court documents

texts:
Say an address were to recieve repeated traffic citations from security cameras to an individual who does not live at the address. The address on the citation was correct, but the person listed did not (nor has ever) lived at that address. All letters have been returned to sender, but no address change appears to have been processed. What is the legal responsibility of the property owner?

If it matters, this would be in the United States, with the recipient being in one state, and the complainant being in a different state.


texts: What happens if someone moves home to avoid a payment hearing?

texts:
If legal action has been started against someone, what happens if they move homes? For example, if an order for a defendant to pay someone money is made, what would happen if they just moved homes so they can't be served?
I know if someone fails to show up to a payment hearing they can be arrested. However how would they even know if they were served? Even with registered mail, usually whoever opens the door is asked to sign.


texts:
If a Russian hacker hacks a computer system in India, can India seek Interpol's help to get that hacker extradited to India?

I mean, does Russia allow extradition of Russian nationals to other countries like India, Pakistan, or Sri Lanka?


texts: Can a vehicle be stopped and driver ticketed for defective equipment in Texas when third stop lamp inoperable

texts:
In Texas, I believe S 547.323. governs stoplamps in a vehicle. Subsection a states in part "... a motor vehicle ... shall be equipped with at least two stoplamps."

Is it not legal (can a driver be ticketed) to allow the third, high mounted stop lamp to become inoperative?

Similarly, if the third high mounted stop lamp still works and one of the other stop lamps are not working?

Thirdly, what if on some older model Thunderbirds from the 1980s, the brake lamp consists of one large wrap-around red plastic encased solid assembly with about 6 distint and seperate bulbs inside of it, and one of those goes out?

Just curious. At various times in my life in Texas I've been stopped for each of those instances and either ticketed or given a warning.

I don't think this is duplicate with this question because it involves tail lamps in Oregon.


texts: Document stating a person's ability to be an adoptive parent in Ireland

texts:
the opinion of a competent authority of the State of nationality of your husband, on his living conditions and his ability to be an adoptive parent; the permission of a competent authority of the State concerned to allow the adopted child to enter and permanently reside in the territory of that State

The above is a translated requirement placed upon a citizen of the Republic of Ireland trying to adopt a child from a country outside the EU. Which authority in Ireland could possibly provide such a document?

The source of the requirement is the State Department for the Protection of the Rights of Children in Russia.


texts:
If a contractor asserts a series of false statement in a record, whether it is mistaken or intentional, is it incorrect to label the group of false statements "Error(s) of fact"?

Upon looking up an example:

"An error of fact means that you think the judge had the wrong facts or interpreted them incorrectly."

I realize that this phrase is normally applied to judge and seeking a phrase to apply to coin the contractor's assertions in a document that would be read by judge.


texts: Is it against HIPAA law for a high school to keep records of a mental health survey administered to all students?

texts:
At my son's high school, the administration administered a "Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire" (SDQ) during class, which posed statements such as "I am often unhappy, depressed or tearful" and asked students to mark "Not True," "Somewhat True," or "Certainly True" (see image).

The SDQ was administered to all students except those whose parents opted them out. Students were not informed of the nature of the survey prior to taking it, but they did know that it was non-anonymous and that school administration would be accessing the results of the survey.

The parent of the friend of my son received a letter telling her that there was some concern over the responses of her son and that she should follow up with her son to make sure there aren't mental health issues. I did not receive a letter, so I assume my son's SDQ did not raise any flags. I also do not know who within my school's administration has access to the SDQ results.

My concern is that administration is gathering mental health information about students without telling students (aged 14-18) that the purpose of the SDQ is to gather information about their mental health, and releasing this information to their parents without the students' consent. This would seem to me to violate HIPAA, which forbids the disclosure of a patient's protected health information without the patient's authorization. I have attached an image of the SDQ, as well as a link to the official website.

Link to survey download page The correct file is "One-sided self-rated SDQ for 11-17 year olds"


texts: Is not having a valid car insurance a misdemeanor in Orange County, California?

texts:
My doubt arises after having received correspondence back from the Superior Court of California
County of Orange. I pleaded guilty on a traffic ticket I had pending since three years ago only  after asking repeatedly if this could constitute a misdemeanor to the OC court phone line operators and ensured that no, that it was just "a traffic ticket". However in the notice I see references to misdemeanors/felonies. I am not concerned about the penalty amount but the fact that having a misdemeanor in my record could affect my application for permanent residency (I am an immigrant applying for a Green Card). Below, I attach excerpts of the transcript:
The Court is in receipt of the correspondence submitted electronically for the above case and the following was determined:
...

To the Original Citation defendant pleads GUILTY to all counts.

...

Pay Criminal Conviction Assessment Fee per convicted count of $30.00 per misdemeanor/felony and $35.00 per infraction pursuant to Government Code 70373(a)(1).
Civil Assessment pursuant to Penal Code 1214.1 imposed on ... to remain

...
Does this indicate that I have plead guilty to a misdemeanor?


texts: Is it illegal for someone holding a public office in the United States to accept money intended as a bribe if they do not act on the bribe?

texts:
Theoretically say that an individual is offered a bribe from someone to not do action X.  The individual accepts the money, but does action X anyways.  The bribe was, obviously, not part of a legally binding document.

If the officer in question discloses the bribe, pays tax on it etc, and continues to do the action they intended despite the bribe, are they legally allowed to accept it?

In this case assume a situation with a simple binary option of doing either X or Y so that it's obvious that the officer either was or was not influenced by the bribe, with no ambiguous middle ground.  For instance perhaps they were bribed to not report a violation of an appropriate law that they did report.


texts: Assuming that I am a party to a legally binding contract with another party  how does it come to an end?


texts: Establishing GDPR consent when the person doesn't access a system themself

texts:
My company hosts an online database for organisations to manage training data for their people.

In most cases, administrator users (team leaders/line managers) manage data for their staff/teams.  From an organisation of say, 500 people, usually only around 30 people might ever log in and view data for their teams.

I'm currently trying to understand how the new GDPR regulation regarding consent will be relevant/applied:

  (32) Consent should be given by a clear affirmative act
  establishing a freely given, specific, informed and unambiguous
  indication of the data subject's agreement to the processing of
  personal data relating to him or her, such as by a written statement,
  including by electronic means, or an oral statement. This could
  include ticking a box when visiting an internet website, choosing
  technical settings for information society services or another
  statement or conduct which clearly indicates in this context the data
  subject's acceptance of the proposed processing of his or her personal
  data. Silence, pre-ticked boxes or inactivity should not therefore
  constitute consent. Consent should cover all processing activities
  carried out for the same purpose or purposes. When the processing has
  multiple purposes, consent should be given for all of them. If the
  data subject's consent is to be given following a request by
  electronic means, the request must be clear, concise and not
  unnecessarily disruptive to the use of the service for which it is
  provided.

How therefore can organisations like ours realistically provide this, when many people won't actually see/access their own data?  Is consent still required here?  Can that consent be managed by the central point of contact at the client (outside our software)?

I've looked at over a dozen sites providing "advice", but each re-hash the same generic information that doesn't provide enough clarity.


texts: Can I shield my home from cell phone radiations

texts:
Say I live close to a cell phone relay and have measured a radiation level that I deem may be dangerous to me or my children.

Say I build myself a faraday cage/wave screen around my house, potentially resulting in poor nework coverage for my neighbours.

Questions about land property and constructing permits apart, can I be sued for that? By the network operator? by the neighbours?

Note: I live in mainland France


texts: Is it legal for a vending machine (company) to offer additional purchase options after currency has been inserted?

texts:
Would it be legal to have a vending machine which could, let’s say through a touchscreen, offer different purchase options.

For example a $1 soda machine.  You put in the dollar and push the cola button.  The machine has the screen and, randomly, flashes two buttons… Continue with cola purchase or entertain different options.

You click different options and perhaps it asks:

“Would you like two root beers instead? One will not be cold because we’d ask if you to have it later, perhaps with a meal.”

Or maybe...
“ we like to have more people try our orange soda. For an additional $.50 you can have two cans of orange soda.”


texts: Can an employee be effectivley fired by making their work really bad?

texts:
To my understanding

An employer is allowed to reduce an employees wage without reason
An employer can cancel or reschedule shifts without reason or send an employee home without pay
Canada is not employment at will

Despite not being employment at will, can't an employer effectively fire an employee by cancelling all their shifts (or reducing them to something really short)? Can't employer reduce pay to minimum wage?

If it's that easy what's the point of having laws regarding termination?


texts: What legal recourse do we have against Clearview AI's collection of our personal data and terrifying privacy policy?

texts:
TL;DR: how do we get the data this company collected on us without also giving them our government-issued IDs that they could potentially keep and tie to our "profiles"?

A week ago (January 25th), the New York Times reported that Clearview AI, a neural-network-based facial recognition software, has collected and stored over 3 billion names, photos and addresses. The company's software is marketed to law enforcement officials, but the database is filled with publicly-available data scraped from sites like Facebook, Twitter, etc. Concerns are growing that the database could infringe upon personal freedoms, specifically the right to privacy when used in conjunction with state-of-the-art mathematical facial recognition algorithms recently published. I agree with those sentiments, this technology is dangerous.
Now Forbes has reported on it as well and affirmed those beliefs, highlighting the Clearview AI privacy policy's horrible stipulation for obtaining your own personal data that they have collected:

Contact information
If you would like to ask a question about our privacy policy or exercise your data privacy rights please contact us at: privacy-requests@clearview.ai. This address will connect you to our Data Protection Officer. Please submit name, a headshot and a photo of a government-issued ID to facilitate the processing of your request. Privacy requests can also be submitted via (phone or mail).
...
Requests to exercise data protection rights can be submitted here to privacy-requests@clearview.ai. (see below for further instructions)
These rights are subject to limitations that vary by jurisdiction. We will honor such requests, withdrawal or objection as required under applicable data protection rules but these rights are not absolute: they do not always apply and exemptions may be engaged. Clearview does require that persons requesting the sharing or deletion of their personal data provide us with information to verify their identity and to facilitate the processing of data requests. While most of this information is deleted after the completion of the request, Clearview is required to retain some of this information to maintain a record of data rights requests. If we do not comply with your request, we will explain why.
Updates to this Policy
Clearview AI regularly reviews our privacy policy and places any updates on this web page. This policy was last updated on January 23, 2020.
*Clearview AI privacy policy

The language of this policy, combined with the fact that it was updated while the news is breaking about growing concerns about its potential impacts on privacy makes me very concerned.
This company, not unlike others in modern history, has scraped or purchased billions of data points containing personally-identifying information (names, photos, addresses, etc.) of American (and likely many other countries') citizens. In order to know what they've collected on us, we have to give them a government-issued ID??
How can I (we) get what data this company has on us without further violating our own personal right to privacy?
Side note/bonus question: is this kind of software not a direct violation of our Fifth Amendment rights to privacy of personal information?


texts: Car runs worse since repair after shady dealer interaction

texts:
I got some spark plugs replaced on my car, which I got quoted cheaper than the cost of parts due to an error in the dealership's system.

The labour was supposed to be quoted for 3-4 hours plus the cost of the parts. During the day of the repair, I got a call from the dealer saying there was an error in their system and they asked me to meet them halfway, which I refused since  I already agreed to a price. They then told me they would finish the job and call me when the car was ready. (To me, this is a red flag, but what can I do about this)

When I got the second car, I made my way to the dealer got asked again if I would meet them halfway since they're losing money. I refused again.

I then got into my car and noticed a rattling when I started the car, but shrugged it off (I know I should not have). A week later, my engine is not running smoothly at all. I can barely get to highway speeds, it appears several cylinders are not firing. I brought the car back to this same dealer to get a diagnosis on the issue.

Now, I had a shady experience with them before and I do not trust them. However, I made the mistake to bring it back to them since they're the only dealer that can give me an appointment before my warranty ends (On June 1st or 3000km, whichever comes first).

What are my options if the situation gets worse due to a poor job from the dealership since I did not want to meet them halfway?


texts: What can happen if the US President has violated campaign finance laws?

texts:
There has been recent news about President Donald Trump possibly breaking campaign finance laws due to a repayment made to one of his lawyers.

NPR: Trump Admits To Authorizing Stormy Daniels Payoff, Denies Sexual Encounter
The Washington Post: Trump acknowledges his lawyer was reimbursed after payment to Stormy Daniels
NY Times: Trump Says Payment to Stormy Daniels Did Not Violate Campaign Laws

If the President has actually violated campaign finance laws, what can happen? Does it even matter since he is already the US President?


texts: Do I have the right to sell something that has a patent if I started selling before the patent was active?

texts:
I currently sell bed bug traps on Amazon. I've been selling them since March 2017.

Recently I received a complaint from the rights owner of this patent: https://patents.google.com/patent/US20110225873?oq=patent:20110225873A1

It looks like they were published today: 2019-08-12 Application status is Active

My question is: I have been selling since before this patent was active. Also, I had no idea there was a patent application to begin with. Do I have to stop selling my bed bug traps?


texts: Can I be sued for defamation for a text message I sent?

texts:
Here's a funny situation I've just found myself in. Over the past year I've been trying to disclose to a U.S. based organization details of the foreign organization they are supporting that indicate it might not be on the up and up.

I'm specifically concerned that it is exploiting children of vulnerable families as value propositions (as so-called "orphans") and profiting off of the foreign contributions. There is a potential that some of the children are being unnecessarily held in an institution away from their families, on a long-term basis and to their lifelong detriment. My concerns were effectively dismissed.

A few weeks ago, a member of the organization contacted me, soliciting a donation. I replied with a text message qualifying my concern as a "serious possibility" that the organization is "actively supporting the trafficking of children".

Yesterday, I got a signed letter demanding that I retract my statement (in a private text message) or turn over my evidence (which I qualified as credible) within seven days.

I have many reasons to be suspicious of both the local and foreign organizations, just based on their behavior. However, looking back, I suppose the term 'actively' could imply intent, when I just meant to convey that the activity is ongoing via their continued funding activities (despite all the evidence I have already brought). Other than that, I stand by my concerns as stated in the text message.

Anyway, this isn't a statement I've made publicly. The only people I've expressed my concerns to, aside from the organization itself, is my parents and my wife's parents. However, they have shared with a few friends, and so on, so some people are aware that something is amiss. I feel like the organization is just clumsily trying to intimidate me here, so I'm very hesitant to go to the trouble and expense of looking for a lawyer.

Can a charitable organization bring a defamation case before a judge based on a single text message?


texts: Michigan Renting - Can I Refuse Entry for Showing?

texts:
My lease is up on the 31st of July and my landlord wants to sell the home. They told me yesterday the listing will go up on July 5th and that the listing agent will be in touch to schedule showing times.

I know that Michigan State law allows entry with notice by management for maintenance and repairs, as well as for emergencies. My lease agreement additionally allows the landlord entry with 24-hour notice for any reason. However, I don't see any legal statute regarding entry with or without notice for showing, nor does my lease agreement say anything about entry for showing.

Can I legally refuse to allow a listing agent entry to the property for showing? Obviously I've allowed the landlord entry for any reason, so if they were accompany the agent, I don't think I can do anything about it.

If I am within my rights to refuse entry, and a listing agent ignores the refusal and enters anyway (I will be at work when he wants to show), do I have any recourse?

For clarification, there are two parties involved here. The property owner employs a property management company. The lease is with the company, not the owner directly, so the "landlord" is the management company. I don't know if this makes a difference, but thought I would elaborate given the current answer makes reference to the landlord's right to access their own property.


texts: Legalities on summarizing the content of publishers and publishing to our app for readers

texts:
We have built a technology which gets trending things happening on internet from publishers like techcrunch, bbc, time of India and many more leading publishers. Then it summarizes the content of the articles and made it available to our app users.

We are mentioning the original article link with it's publisher's name. I just want to know what can be the legalities in this scenario and after we commercialize the app for technology that we developed that does the mentioned job automatically?


texts: Is it legal to sell a product whose primary function is illegal?

texts:
I saw these stickers for sale here, and it got me curious about the legality of selling them. Is the seller at risk of being charged as an accessory to vandalism (or some similar crime) ?

They do have a big disclaimer on their website, but is that really enough to absolve them of any legal wrongdoing ?

  By purchasing and using these stickers, you agree that #IParkedInABikeLane assumes no responsibility or liability due to altercation, injury, damages, legal issues, etc due to individual use of these stickers, and your actions are of your own accord.

But the stickers are clearly being marketed with the intention of placing on someone else's property (vandalism).

  The concept is simple - you see a vehicle parked in a bike lane, you slap a sticker on it. The intention isn’t to cause damage or vandalize (the stickers don’t damage anything anyway) - it’s to get drivers to think twice about what they are doing and perhaps change their actions in the future.


texts: When is it OK for law enforcement/intelligence-gathering agents to go undercover as journalists?

texts:
Previously, I had thought there might have been prohibitions against spies and law enforcement officers from going undercover as journalists, e.g. because this puts real journalists in greater danger of being prosecuted/dealt with as spies and because folks who might otherwise blow a whistle on unethical practices might reasonably expect their press contact to be an undercover agent really seeking to out the person and help ensure the information remained hidden.

However, the Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General recently ruled that FBI agents may impersonate journalists while conducting undercover investigations.

According to that linked article, FBI Director James Comey has previously called the practice "lawful and, in a rare case, appropriate."  He claims that the "use of such techniques is subject to close oversight, both internally and by the courts that review our work."

What are the standards applied in this oversight, in theory or in practice?  Are there known examples of requests that failed even the internal oversight process, or clear differentiators between instances where impersonating a journalist is ruled OK vs. those where it's ruled not OK?


texts: How will the "stop and identify" statute work in New Hampshire in this particular hypothetical?

texts:
I asked this question before but it was closed. So I will try to be here more specific.
I have read the stop and identify statutes wikipedia page. In this page there is written that:

In 12 states (Alabama, Delaware, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska,
New Hampshire, New York, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Utah, Wisconsin),
police "may demand" identifying information. Of note, though, in New
Hampshire for example (RSA 594:2), statutory language authorizing a
'demand' for identity does not establish a legal requirement to
provide documentation of identity (ID), or even a requirement to
respond in the first place.

So in New Hampshire a police officer may DEMAND my identification from me, and I may simply ignore him/her without committing a crime, right?
If my understanding is correct, suppose I am a gentlemen in my home in New Hampshire, and I am being harrassed by Mr. X (although I don't know his name): Mr. X is outside my door, he is calling my phone number repeatedly, he is repeatedly knocking on my door, he is repeatedly shouting my name out, he is repeatedly calling me a child molester, etc.
I call the police. The police shows up. I tell the police I want to file charges for harrassment against the guy in front of me (Mr. X, but I don't yet know his name). The police asks Mr. X (still, nobody knows his name at this time) for his identification. Mr. X will repond that "statutory language [...] does not establish a legal requirement to provide documentation of identity (ID)".
End of it. End of my charges.
Is that correct?
Note this question is not a duplicate of this one, because the latter question occurred in Texas, and the answer provided there ("Texas is not a state with an obligation to identify statute") does not apply here, because here we are in New Hampshire, which has such a statute.


texts: Can a person use a picture of me for a non profit organization? It’s on the internet and I’m not happy about it?

texts: My picture is on a non profit organization without my permission. Can this be removed ? The title at hand states recovering sexual abuse .


texts: Liability insurance requirements when renting a car

texts:
Traveling can be a somewhat confusing time, legally speaking, because the distant jurisdiction you're traveling in may have different requirements from your normal place or residence. And there's rather few places where people come out and say what the difference is.

Case in point: liability insurance for cars. To my understanding, many states have a requirements that drivers be covered under liability insurance. I also understand that some make it a requirement that drivers carry proof of that insurance with them in the car. I'm also lead to believe that in a few locations, not having proof of insurance on you is a traffic offence in-and-of-itself (e.g. you're still getting a ticket for it, even if you provide proof of insurance later).

Add to that that different jurisdictions have different coverage minimums, so a policy that meets minimal legal requirements in one jurisdiction may not meet requirements in another.

A further complication is that when traveling, you may be renting a car, and as such will be driving a car you don't actually own. My understanding is that most car insurance policies will also cover you in a rental car, but in my particular case I currently don't own a car, and as such I don't have a car insurance policy in my name. Previously, I've taken the rental company's liability policy, but some things I've heard indicate that I may or may not be covered from my employer and/or credit card.

I'm doubly confused at this point as reading things on the internet it seems like many of the state liability requirements are written from the perspective of requirements on car owners, not car drivers. Are rental cars somehow an exception to that rule, or do the state liability requirements somehow fall on the rental car company?

So what I'm asking is if there's a good summary of the (statutory*) insurance requirements for each state, including details about if you're required to have proof of insurance on you in the car, or can just provide it later. Also, how does driving a rental car figure into things; do the (statutory*) liability insurance requirements fall on the renter or the rental company? If I do have appropriate coverage through my employer/credit card, what counts as appropriate proof of insurance for those states which require it to be carried? Finally, what happens if I happen to have coverage which meets the requirements in one state, but doesn't quite match the requirement for the state I'm traveling in?

*) As distinct from the requirements for having someone who will pay out if you get sued.


texts: In a non-emergency situation can I refuse to comply with police requests until after they have shown me their ID?

texts:
Let's say I have an encounter with a police officer.  That officer has asked me to do something I would normally be expected to comply with, such as get out of my car during a traffic stop or to give my name.  Rather then immediately complying I request to see their id and take a photo of it, as proof of the identity of the officer, first.  Could I be guilty of not complying with the officers orders by demanding identity first?
Presume this is a non-emergency situation, No one has reason to believe there is a danger of immediate harm if I don't comply with the officers demands.  Similarly the police are not currently in pursuit of a criminal, trying to secure evidence that is likely to be destroyed, or any of the other situations that may justify police rushing standard procedures.


texts: What does the long underscore in United States case citations stand for?

texts:
United States court cases are commonly cited like this:

  Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 U.S. ___ (2015)

So... what is "___" here?


texts: SCOTUS Cases Concerning Men's Healthcare

texts:
As it says in the title, I am wondering if there have been any SCOTUS (or lower courts, if none at that level) cases concerning men's healthcare in the same way that cases like Roe v. Wade and the recent Little Sisters of the Poor Saints Peter and Paul Home v. Pennsylvania concern women's healthcare.
I have tried a quick google search, but found nothing but references to women's care, or at least nothing obviously fitting. I also suspect that the scope here is far beyond my very limited knowledge about case research.


texts: Life insurance and declining medical treatment

texts: Suppose Bob gets a typical term life insurance policy and pays the premiums through the contestability period. Bob is then diagnosed with a terminal illness. There are treatments for this illness which have a probability p of keeping Bob alive for the rest of the policy's term. If Bob elects not to receive any such treatments and, as a result, dies of this illness in the policy's term, does the insurer have grounds to deny or reduce the claim? Do those grounds depend on p? Do they depend on whether Bob is unable rather than simply unwilling to undergo treatment? Assume that there are no misrepresentations by Bob and the policy does not specifically cover this situation.


texts: Police questioning in Arizona regarding gun possession

texts:
Is it possible to legally have a firearm (handgun/rifle/shotgun) in a vehicle that a person is the driver of, and NOT tell the police in Arizona whether they have a firearm or not?
According Arizona Revised Statute 13-3102 ( https://www.azleg.gov/ars/13/03102.htm ) it says under A-1-b:
"(b) When contacted by a law enforcement officer and failing to accurately answer the officer if the officer asks whether the person is carrying a concealed deadly weapon; or"
However, doesn't this violate the person's constitutional rights to NOT answer any questions, or self-incriminate? Would a "I prefer not to answer any questions I am not legally obligated to answer" suffice? Would saying "I don't know" suffice? Would saying "I may or may not have a firearm" suffice? What is the most vague answer you are legally allowed to give, especially when in possession of a firearm? What is the consequence of not answering this question?
Can someone under 21 that has a handgun in luggage in the trunk of a car legally NOT answer that question? Under ARS 13-3102 under A-1 it says: "1. Carrying a deadly weapon except a pocket knife concealed on his person or within his immediate control in or on a means of transportation:", so does that mean if it is in the trunk of a car, or in a lockbox on the dashboard, you don't have to answer that question?
Lastly, is it smarter/wiser to answer the question when confronted by police?


texts: If a company has agreed to add my software to their catalog, are they obliged to add it within a certain time?

texts:
My software product was invited to be part of a catalog of a software company (July 2020). Once it is available in this catalog, I will get paid royalties if people use my software.
To be included, I needed to make adjustments and create promotion material. This was tested and accepted by the company (August 2020).
At that point I was informed that my software was expected to be added in the second week of October 2020. The big gap until launch was a little disappointing, the expected was already a bit suspicious.
In the week when my product was expected to be added I asked three times at which date it will be added, after which I was informed that the tentative launch date of my product was pushed back by a month, without giving any reason or justification. This costs me an additional month of revenue, while I had to make quite an investment to make my product ready for their catalog.
I asked the company for a reason for the delay, and if I could get compensated for it, but I didn't get any response. Since they again call it a tentative launch date, I fear that they will pull the same trick on me next month..
There hasn't been any promise that my product will be added within a certain time span, but they also didn't mention that it could take months before my product is added to their catalog. At the same time, other products seem to be added all the time. From a legal point of view, could I claim that my product must be added asap? And is it reasonable to ask for compensation for the missed revenue due to pushing back the launch?


texts: The Consumer's Right To Challenge A Company's Claims

texts:
As a consumer, do you have any legal ground to challenge a company’s statement and demand evidence to support any claims made about a product or service they provided? A few hypothetical examples would be a company claiming its products are designed using a statistical formula to guarantee performance or a competitive pay to play mobile gaming app guaranteeing fairness. Are they required to provide proof to substantiate those claims, such as the mathematical equation used or disclose how fairness is actually determined, or are they allowed to make frivolous guarantees without ever needing to back up their claims?

Jurisdiction: United States, New Mexico

Clarification: A mobile gaming app that guarantees players are match based on skill, which is determined by a statistical algorithm to ensure fairness. Are they required to disclose the algorithm so players know if they are actually matched based on skill as claimed, oppose to more nefarious motivates?


texts: Is it lawful to publicly show a video of a minor burglarizing one's house?

texts:
My friend's house was broken into today, and he captured video of the burglar on his Nest Cam.

It alerted him of movement inside his house via his phone, and when he checked the video stream, he saw the perpetrator in the act.

He called 911, who sent police very quickly. They caught the burglar in the act and arrested him at gunpoint.

My dad, who is a professor of Criminology, wants to show the video to his students for educational purposes. Is there any legal reason why he couldn't do that?

The officers who arrived told my friend that the burglar is 16 years old, if that matters. He can be seen in the video noticing the camera, but clearly he wasn't explicitly informed that he was being recorded.

This is in Austin, TX, USA.


texts: Immunity to prosecution vs multiple jurisdiction

texts:
Consider the following scenario: Witness (not defendant) asked to testify at a civil case at a state court. Witness takes the fifth out of nowhere, that is at a completely unexpected place in testimony where it appears there is nothing even remotely connected to the case could possibly result in a fifth amendment, with the obvious conclusion that the fifth amendment is being taken for something the court doesn't even know about yet. The state grants immunity from prosecution to get testimony.

But the crime covered by the fifth amendment is a federal crime and the state granted immunity.

Is the fifth amendment protection broken, or did the state just bind the federal government to not prosecute something?

I am aware that the state usually doesn't grant blanket immunity (all possible charges revealed by testimony rather than a list beforehand), but if they are intent on compelling testimony and they don't know what the crime being covered is, and they have no way to find out ...

Perhaps there's a way to invoke the fifth in such a manner as to get immunity from the right court, but there is no documentation readily available on the matter. But in that case we have to consider what happens of the federal court refuses to grant immunity. Hint: if the state is a party to a civil case they're likely to grant immunity, but why would a federal judge care?


texts: COVID-19 pandemic as mitigating factor for sentencing in the UK

texts: Are there any cases from the UK, whether from the Supreme Court or any other courts, saying that the COVID-19 pandemic can be considered as a mitigating factor for sentencing?


texts: What happens to loans issued by a startup if the startup fails?

texts:
I live in the U.S.  Suppose that I invest $50,000 in a startup company, signing "typical" paperwork for a 55% stake.  The founder then uses the money to issue a $20,000 loan at a minimal interest rate (say 1.6%) to one of his employees.  Subsequently, the startup goes bankrupt with the full amount of the loan outstanding.  Do I have rights to the loan as an asset of the company?  More broadly, do I have any recourse or legal options for pursuing the loaned amount?  (We can assume that the recipient of the loan is solvent.)

Does the answer change if the lendee is not an employee of the startup?  Similarly, does the answer depend on the numbers above, or on the state in which the investor and company reside?


texts: What would be the legal ramifications of lying to a business, if it causes no damages?

texts:
Similar to another post, customer lies to a hotel about their age, but it doesn't garner any damages.
i.e. A 17y/o purchases a room for the night, but lies and says they are 18.
It doesn't change the price, and a minor over 16 can legally purchase a room. Thus there are no legal damages. However some public "outrage" is garnered over it (no decrease in sales happen after the incident comes to light).
If the hotel wanted to, would they have any legal grounds against the 17y/o for lying?


texts: How do websites (or apps) that use pictures or posters of movies not infringe on rights and still make a profit?

texts: Sites like IMDB as well as Rotten Tomatoes and countless other websites or mobile applications (such as flixter, etc.) all use movie posters and images from movies as part of their content which is more or less the selling point of their business (or maybe more accurately how they convince users to keep using).  How do companies get away with using images or movie posters for free, does that mean movie posters and content are fair use for commerical use?


texts: Buyers have changed closing dates multiple times, costing us nearly $5000 in additional costs -- what can we do?

texts:
We are in Florida, USA.

We accepted a contract for our home, with a closing date of August 18. A couple of weeks after the contract was signed, the buyers requested a new closing date of August 11 (verbal through our agents). We agreed.

August 10, we had our house packed on a truck by a moving company.
August 11-am, we find out there's a delay on the buyer's end
August 11-pm, we find out they can't close that day due to complication in the selling of their condo
August 13, we're informed they're going to close their condo that they're selling the next day
August 14, we find out they're not able to close again but are on track to close the morning of the 15th
August 15, we find out there's actually something really wrong in their paperwork for the condo, and they likely can't close at all this week (missing even the original date of the 18th)

The reason, we're finally told, that they haven't been able to close is because someone at their title or lender company failed to file the proper paperwork, thus delaying the entire process.

What this has meant for us:

We've been charged an additional $2,000 in moving fees from the moving company (since our entire house is now packed in a warehouse somewhere, with no delivery in sight)
We've had to eat out every meal, every day, because at any moment we could get a call that they're closing and want to do a final walk-through
We've had to sleep on the floor for going on a week (including our two toddlers)

We've had to buy clothes for the whole family since we only kept 2 days worth

We can't close on our new home yet, which is in a different county, resulting in a 45 minute drive to and from a new school for our 5 year old who just started Kindergarten (and a 1.5 hour drive each way to and from work because of this).

We're panicking. We don't know what to do now. Our daughter just started a new school, and loves it, but we don't even have a house near the school yet. We don't know if we can or should even try to close on this house still. We can't afford to keep our house stored though... the total moving cost has already doubled from what was originally planned.

Do we have any legal recourse here if the closing doesn't happen by the contracted date? Can we take action against whatever company it is that delayed the process of their condo selling? Even if we do, wouldn't it probably mean the buyers would back out, resulting in even more heartache because we'd have to unpack our house, relist it, withdraw our daughter from one school and enroll her in another... it's really just a nightmare.


texts: Am I required/permitted to disclose a security risk at a company I do not work for?

texts:
Scenario: I shop at a local retail store. While I am there, I notice that store staff have printed out and placed a long list of cleartext credentials for major internal and external business systems, in plain view of customers.

Question 1:
If I take a photo of this list, redact the business name/brand, all passwords and any personally identifiable usernames (or usernames that identify the business), am I opening myself upto a lawsuit for posting this on social media to use as an example of poor security practices?

The only thing identifiable from this post would be the type of store and the city that the store resides in (franchise).
Consider that although I have redacted to the best of my ability, someone may read the post and decide to hunt around the area for a store that matches the photos, then find the list and act on it with malicious intent.

Question 2:
If I do post this list on social media with the aforementioned items redacted, am I legally required to notify the business first in order to give them a chance to take the list down?


texts:
I am curious about something that came up in this question: Can a realtor show my apartment at will, with notice?.
In the linked question a comment for an answer states: "The realtor IS the landlord due to being the landlord’s agent - it’s highly unusual for a landlord to attend a showing."  I understand this comment to mean that both the management company representative (the person who fixes things here) and the realtor are the landlord's agents.  I.e. both have access to the apartment with or without consent, and the later can bring in third parties (prospective buyers).
Can the property owner/landlord (in general, not just in my case) appoint representatives at will, who will have access to the property they are leasing out?  Or is there a definite legal definition of a representative and how they are appointed?


texts: Not joining a company after signing offer letter

texts:
I have been working in Singapore on S-Pass for last 11 months in an IOT product company. I got an offer from a services company in SG, they got me an Employment Pass and I have to join the on x date.

Another company of IoT product for which I gave an interview few months back came back with an offer on x - 3 days.

Now the services company is saying that they will black list me as an employee to the ministry of manpower and will file a civil lawsuit if I do not join them on x date.

And hence I am being pushed to join the services company on x date. Can anyone suggest if they can actually blacklist me and file a lawsuit against me?


texts: Should I use first-person (I) or second-person (you) for ToS consent?

texts:
This is a bit of a nagging question for me. Let's say I'm creating a web application that allows users to sign up for some service, subject to certain terms of service. I've seen some sites use first-person pronouns for this purpose:

  By registering, I agree to the terms of service.

Others use second-person pronouns:

  By registering, you agree to the terms of service.

For simplicity, let's assume that the terms are readily viewable and fully enforceable. Is there any significant legal difference between the two?