texts: Is labor law posting required for a home-based business?

texts:
Federal and State governments require businesses to post labor law notices where employees can see them. Failing to do so can result in fines.

I run a small business - a single-member LLC - from my home. Do I really have to post labor law signage in my home for the only employee (myself)?

If more background is needed, this I do IT consulting and web design. I have some sub-contractors, but they also work from their homes. I understand in their cases, I can send them the posters in digital form. But what about for myself?


texts: Can a confidentiality agreement require you to not say who your client was?

texts:
Does the following Confidentiality Agreement mean the Consultant cannot say who the Client who he was doing the work for was? For example if Bob was hired by Staffing Agency to work at McDonald's, does that mean Bob isn't allowed to say he worked at McDonald's? Upon termination I was told that it does.

In the course of performing services, the parties recognize that
Consultant may come in contact with or become familiar with
information which Agent or its clients may consider confidential
information. This information may include, but is not limited to,
information pertaining to pricing information, strategy, research, or
work methods of Agent, as well as information provided by clients of
Agent for inclusion in work to be developed for clients, which may be
of value to competitors of Agent or its clients. Consultant agrees to
keep all such information confidential and not to discuss it with
anyone other than appropriate Agent, employees, consultants or their
delegates. The parties agree that in the event of a breach of this
Agreement, damages may be difficult to ascertain or prove. The parties
therefore agree that if Consultant breaches this Agreement, Agent
shall be entitled to seek relief from a court of competent
jurisdiction, including injunctive relief, and shall be entitled to
all financial damages, attorney fees, and associated court costs.

In general I find Confidential Agreements confusing. Often times it's not explicitly stated what is confidential. Is it based on what a reasonable person would consider confidential? Or can the party providing the information decide arbitrarily what's confidential?


texts: How are the laws considering storing country details of visitors of my website? (calculated of their ip adresses)

texts:
I wanted to add the country of the people who left a review on a website but I was wondering how this regards towards the laws about privacy. I have been doing quite some research into this topic but there weren't any solid answers.

Does anyone know if I am allowed to store the country data of people who post a review? As well as what rules are related to this for different locations e.g Europe and America?

Example data:

Table header       rating | comment | createdOn | countryOfOrigin
Table row          5        "hello"   00-00-0000  The Netherlands


texts: What do we call the rules written in an Act, laws?

texts:
From CHAPTER III of Wildlife protection act,1972 (India)

  Prohibition of Hunting:  No person shall hunt any wild animal specified in Schedule, I, II, III and IV except as provided under section 11 and section 12.
  Hunting of Wild animals to be permitted in certain cases....The killing or wounding in good faith of any wild animal in defence of oneself or of any other person shall not be an offence....

Source

Can these be called laws mentioned in an Act?

What I understand of these words is that:

  Law is a system of rules that are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior.

(wikipedia)

and

  an Act is a written law.

(oxford dictionaries)


texts: How do lawyers decide how much to settle on during lawsuits?

texts:
Please excuse my severe lack of knowledge in the world of law, as I am brand new, and am happy to edit my question should it not be correct in any fashion.

This is a rather broad question. Suppose I am suing my employer for mistreatment at work (no lunch break, poor treatment, not fulfilling conditions of employment contract, etc.). How does my lawyer calculate a monetary amount on which to settle in the lawsuit? I saw a case recently of this variety, and the plaintiffs reached a settlement $1.3mil. How did the parties involved calculate $1.3mil exactly?

I know this question is rather broad. I am not asking for the correct amount to ask for when suing someone, for that is subjective and different for each case. Rather, I am asking about the process. How do lawyers calculate how much to ask for in a lawsuit, and do they take into account just the prices of physical damage and money lost (e.g. damage to property, money lost from opportunities missed, etc.), or do they also factor in an amount to compensate for other factors? In the above example, I seriously doubt it cost a group of employees working for minimum wage $1.3mil to be mistreated at work, so how did they settle on $1.3mil?


texts: my mum is withholding my passport from my dad

texts: I'm 14 years old with a UK passport. In August, i am planning to go and live with my dad permanently. My mum says that she will not give my dad my passport when I go. Is this legal? My dad wants to take my abroad on holidays and I cant do this without my passport. I have already asked her to give it to him several times but she just gets angry.Please help


texts: If ignorance of the law is no excuse, then why is it so hard to get legal advice?

texts:
The principle that ignorance of the law is no excuse (US) seems reasonable - but it also seems to rely on the presumption that all laws are readily available and understandable, because otherwise the government would be requiring you to comply with something you can’t know or can’t understand.
I don’t believe this presumption is accurate. There are so many different sources of laws (federal, state, local, and others) that even just finding a relevant law is beyond the grasp of some people, and even if you can, many laws are written in “legalese” that can be difficult to interpret.
You can hire a lawyer to answer your questions, but there are two problems with this: One is that it limits legal knowledge to very wealthy people, and the other is that lawyers can be wrong, and if your lawyer gives you bad advice (e.g. you commit a crime because the lawyer said it was not a crime), this is not a defense.
The government doesn’t offer any official channels for legal advice, and in fact even general discussions (like StackExchange) often specifically bar legal advice because it is so difficult and risky to provide.
Why doesn’t the government have any obligation to provide something like a hotline where you can just call and ask if something is legal? It already provides public defenders, which seems to be an admission that the law is beyond the grasp of ordinary people - but you only get a public defender when you have already been accused of a crime.
If the government says, “You are responsible for knowing X, and you are responsible for complying with X,” why doesn’t the government have any obligation to tell you what X is in a way that the general public can actually use?
Please note that this question is not asking for legal advice. It is asking why there aren’t better sources for legal advice.


texts: Can a Recruitment Officer be sued for working for another company of the same industry as his former one?

texts:
Setting: Republic of the Philippines (however, international views are also welcome).

Let's consider my friend as an example, and let's refer to his former employer as "Old Company" and his new employer as "New Company". Both companies belong to the IT Industry and are into web and systems development.

Scenario:

My friend resigned from his job as the Recruitment Officer of Old Company because the environment is no longer healthy for him. After that, he applied to New Company and was hired on the spot.

The Challenge:

He had to sign an agreement with the HR Officer of New Company, stating that he is not to reveal to other people that he is now working with them. He also had to brief his close friends not to disclose to other people who his new employer is, especially to those who are still connected with Old Company.

  The Reason:
  They believe that his former employer can sue him if they find out that he is now working with another company of the same industry (IT).

Question:

Can he really be sued? Is it illegal for a Recruitment Officer to work for another company of the same industry as his former one, even if he is NOT doing anything illegal in relation to his new job (e.g. poaching or pirating employees from OLD Company)?

Aside from the Philippines, is this legal or illegal in other countries?

Please share your views on this. Thank you.

Additional Info:
My friend has not signed any "non-compete agreement" whatsoever with Old Company.


texts: R. v. Ojibway: impact of the "pony bird" on case law?

texts:
In Regina v. Ojibway (8 Criminal Law Quarterly 137 (1965-66)), a Canadian case, a member of the First Nations of Canada had relieved a wounded pony of his suffering by gunshot and was accused pursuant section 2 of the Small Birds Act (R.S.O.). The case was initially dismissed and went on appeal. Blue, J., delivers the opinion for the court, granting the appeal, saying:

  For the purpose of the Small Birds Act, all two-legged,
  feather-covered animals are birds. This, of course, does not imply
  that only two-legged animals qualify, for the legislative intent is to
  make two legs merely the minimum requirement. The statute therefore
  contemplated multi-legged animals with feathers as well.

  Counsel submits that having regard to the purpose of the statute only
  small animals “naturally covered” with feathers could have been
  contemplated. However, had this been the intention of the legislature,
  I am certain that the phrase “naturally covered” would have been
  expressly inserted just as “Long” was inserted in the Longshoreman’s
  Act.

  Therefore, a horse with feathers on its back must be deemed for the
  purpose of this Act to be a bird, a fortiori, a pony with feathers on
  its back is a small bird.

You see, the impoverished accused had traded his saddle for a downy pillow... Some 15 years later, the case is cited in a footnote in U.S. v. Byrnes (644 F.2d 107 (2d Cir. 1981)), a case about rare birds smuggling. The note is referenced at the end of this part of the judgment (Mulligan, J., N.Y):

  Therefore, the point [registration] was made and her conceded ignorance of the
  Migratory Bird regulations hardly establishes that she didn't possess the swans which she didn't consider birds in any
  event. [footnote 9].

The note begins with the following introduction: ' For a liberal construction of the term "birds," by a Canadian court see [Ojibway] ' and goes on to quote the case as I did above. The case doesn't rely on/follow Ojibway; it simply says in a note, that a statute on birds can receive a liberal construction elsewhere.

But still, the issue is that Regina v. Ojibway is not a real case: it is a parody (Pomerantz & Breslin, The Canada Law Book Company, 1965-66), yet a clever(2) and convincing one as history shows. One could say the "case" is an educational tool exploring the canons of statutory construction; and the impact of legal language, expectations about the adjudication process and authority, on perception. Primeaux J. (Mississippi) discussed the joke some years ago (Revenge of the Pony Bird, 2013); someone told him a book from 1997 about wildlife law seriously referenced the case (as being cited in Byrnes) in its introduction, albeit to mention it as a bizarre result from trying to ascertain what is wildlife. In his discussion, however, he does not say whether he thinks Mulligan J., who did not label the case as fiction in 1981, actually went through the "whoosh" himself like he says. Hence this question about sources and damage control, some 50 years after the pony bird:

Is Regina v. Ojibway (or Ojibway v. R.) referenced without mention of it being fictional in any other
case law (in the U.S. or elsewhere i.e. U.K)?
Are there any other such fictional cases which are notorious for having
been seriously referenced (by courts, legal scholars) like Ojibway was in Byrnes?
What mechanisms (rules of practice, institutional), if any, are in place to prevent reliance on such (fictional) cases? Why has peer review seemingly been unable to outdo the authority of legal reporting/law reviews in this case (as surely there is no trace of the case at the courthouse)? Or is it common knowledge in the field that Ojibway is fiction at this point?


texts: What constitutes "management" for an amateur radio club?

texts:
A group of licensed radio amateurs has joined together to form a club. The club meets monthly, sponsors classes to license new amateurs, hosts an amateur repeater station and operates at public events. The club has bylaws and is a 501(c)(3) entity. The club has no officers and no dues. As a small group of reasonable people, club members agree on what to do and chip in as needed.

The club would like to obtain a permanent call sign for use at club events. (This in contrast to a "special event" call sign which would have to be obtained on a per-use basis.) The US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations state, in part 97.5(b)(2) (emphasis supplied):

  A club station license grant. A club station license grant may be held
  only by the person who is the license trustee designated by an officer
  of the club. The trustee must be a person who holds an
  operator/primary station license grant. The club must be composed of
  at least four persons and must have a name, a document of
  organization, management, and a primary purpose devoted to amateur
  service activities consistent with this part.

The club is told by an organization that administers amateur radio licenses for the FCC that the club's "management" must comprise a president, vice president, secretary and treasurer. Part 97.5(b)(2) makes no mention of how the management should be structured; reference to "an officer" indicates that a single individual could comprise the management. The club eschews the trappings of a management structure, but would consider investing a single member with the title of president if needed to pass legal muster.

What are the club's options?


texts:
On the official Super Smash Bros. Ultimate website, there is a part in the footer that lists all the owners for the different characters that appear in the game. Capcom has Mega Man, Ryu and Ken represented in the game, but Capcom is listed twice in that footer: once as "CAPCOM CO., LTD." and once as "CAPCOM U.S.A., INC.".

What's the reason behind this? Are the characters owned by different branches of Capcom? The order in which the owners are listed matches when their character first appeared in the series. Mega Man appeared first in the base game of Super Smash Bros. 4 3DS/Wii U, with Ryu being added later as DLC, after Pac-Man (BANDAI NAMCO Entertainment Inc.) and after Shulk (MONOLITHSOFT). So if I read this correctly, the Mega Man franchise is owned by CAPCOM CO., LTD, while Street Fighter is owned by CAPCOM U.S.A., INC. ... Does that make sense?


texts: Is it unlawful for a minor to own shares of a company?

texts: I was wondering if it was unlawful for a minor to own shares of a company in Massachusetts if the company bylaws allow for it.


texts: First-to-use vs First-to-file trademarks

texts: As I understand it, first-to-use ownership of a mark trumps first-to-file. If that is true, why spend money on getting a trademark for your business name?


texts: Are we legally liable for negligence if a breach in a 3rd party happens due to us giving extra visibility to a vulnerable system?

texts:
TL;DR - Found a dangling DNS record that was pointing to an IP address we don't own, the server found on that IP address was running a vulnerable piece of software. Wondering if attackers found & used the vulnerability whether we as a company are liable or not?

Recently I discovered that we have an A record for one of our domains pointing to an IP address that we no longer own (this isn't uncommon especially when you have thousands of records & DNS names). The company that now owns the IP address is hosting a web application on the server which is totally unauthenticated, you get logged straight in without interaction. I did some research on the web application that was running (I did not interact with their application merely just took the name & version from the header) and I found out that there is a Remote Code Execution vulnerability in the software (essentially that means we can run arbitrary commands in the application which we could leverage to takeover the actual server).

Once I stumbled upon this I wondered the following; if we as a company have a DNS record we did not update and we're now pointing to an IP address we don't own, if an attacker used our DNS record to access the web application and then used the Remote Code Execution vulnerability are we in any way legally responsible for this? Bearing in mind that the server is regardless accessible to the world and does not require authentication to access it. However, by having a DNS record pointing to that IP - we are inherently giving it more visibility because anybody who previously visited our domains when we owned that address might now visit and be greeted with the new page.


texts: Legality of Virtual Currency to Purchase Real World Items

texts:
A while ago, I saw a company called Listia which would permit users to sign up and attain some amount of Credits. These Credits could then be used to purchase real-world items on the site, such as clothes, computers, etc., and have them shipped to you. When you purchased an item, you would have to pay for shipping with United States Dollars. Additionally, the amount in credits of the item you bought would be deducted from you and added to the seller.

It was a "virtual economy", in a way, permitting users to buy and sell items for free by using so-called Listia Credits. This currency was not a cryptocurrency. It could not be redeemed for cash or legal tender in any way.

I'm wondering what the legality of building such a system is in the United States. According to Lexology.com,

  In 2013, FinCEN released guidance (the "Guidance") explaining its position on money transmission in the context of virtual currency. An individual or company involved in virtual currency transactions would be considered a money transmitter if (1) it acts as an "exchanger" or "administrator" in the transactions; (2) the virtual currency involved is a "convertible virtual currency" (CVC); and (3) the company facilitates the movement of funds between different persons or locations.

Pertaining to exchanging/issuing:

  Importantly for app and game developers, an administrator is an entity that (1) issues a virtual currency and (2) has the authority to redeem the virtual currency. "Issuing" means putting a virtual currency into circulation, for example, by providing users virtual currency for free, in exchange for real currency, or as a promotion. Redeeming means withdrawing the virtual currency from circulation, whether in exchange for in-game/in-app items or features, real-world goods or services, or real currency, or otherwise.

And more specifically,

  An administrator would be a money transmitter, however, only if the virtual currency it issues and redeems is a CVC. FinCEN defines a CVC as a virtual currency that either (1) has an equivalent value in real currency or (2) acts as a substitute for real currency.

Based on that, would you say that a company like Listia would be considered a "Money Transmitter" and that they are required to implement a BSA/AML program? Would companies building a similar marketplace today be considered as such? Is the information provided in the quotes correct?

Note that Listia now uses the cryptocurrency XNK, prior to this, however, they used Lista Credits, a virtual in-app only currency.

Thank you.


texts: Marketplace faciliating the sales of goods not allowed across state lines

texts:
Lets say Bob develops an online marketplace that helps facilitate the sale between widget makers and widget buyers. In some states, widgets are illegal. It is also currently illegal to sell widgets across state lines. But Bob isn't directly selling the widgets. His marketplace simply facilitates the pairing of widget makers and widget buyers and takes a small fee for the transaction and acts like an escrow for the sale. Bob knows this might be a problem for a US based company. So he opens the company in Costa Rica (This is an arbitrary choice, Any other country just not in the US) and hosts the marketplace outside of U.S. territory. Furthermore, his T.O.S state that in countries with laws against widgets. It is the Buyers & Sellers responsibility to adhere to their countries laws.

Can Bob be held liable for the sale of widget's across state lines?
What if the Buyer & Seller are both in states in which widgets are legal?
What if the Seller is in a legal widget state but the Buyer is not?
What happens if the marketplace was built for zero knowledge transactions? (The site owner doesn't know about specifics of the transactions)


texts: What does it mean in the US Constitution when they say "according to their respective Numbers..."

texts:
I've been studying the Constitution, but I don't understand what it means when, in Article I Section 2, they say "

Taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within the Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free Persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not Taxed, three fifths of all other persons.

Can someone pleas explain to me what they're saying here?


texts: Can I make a website explaining how to DIY a medical treatment which is not currently approved?

texts:
There is a medical treatment which saves lives around the world, but not currently available in the USA, because of new regulation.
However this treatment can be easily performed on a DIY basis.
There are risks associated, whether performed by a doctor or by yourself.
I'm not a doctor. I'm a software developer.
Can I make a website to present all the info you would need to do the treatment yourself?
For example, if I state very clearly on the site that I'm not a doctor, can I still get in trouble if someone sees my site and ends up hurting themselves?


texts: If a contract is signed on a computer, is it still valid?

texts:
Let's say Bob receives a contract on the computer (probably as a PDF or scanned image). The contract requires Bob's signature.

Would the contract be considered signed if Bob uses a photo editing program and draws his name into the signature line?

What if Bob had written his signature, then scanned it into the computer and then copied and pasted it onto the signature line of the contract? What if Bob reused the same scanned signature for all his contracts he has digital formats of? If this is allowed it almost seems pointless to have a signature, as if another person scanned scanned Bob's signature and copy/pasted it onto a contract it would be considered signed.


texts: Do British Overseas Territories count as United Kingdom with regards to 90 days rule when applying for British citizenship?

texts:
https://www.gov.uk/becoming-a-british-citizen
This one of the criteria:

Spent no more than 90 days outside the UK in the last 12 months
Read the full guidance notes and the requirements booklet before applying.

So I've followed the guide and booklet, still not sure.
Guide

To satisfy the residence requirement you must not have been absent for more than
90 days in the last 12 months. And the total number of day’s absence for the whole 5
year period should not exceed 450.

Booklet AN

Wiki image with very descriptive filenamae: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom#/media/File:United_Kingdom_(%2Boverseas_territories_and_crown_dependencies)_in_the_World_(%2BAntarctica_claims).svg

Here is another page: https://www.gov.uk/register-british-citizen/stateless-people

Phrase UK or a British overseas territory suggest these are different things?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom#Dependencies

The United Kingdom has sovereignty over seventeen territories which do not form part of the United Kingdom itself: fourteen British Overseas Territories[22] and three Crown dependencies.
Three have specifically voted to remain under British sovereignty (Bermuda in 1995, Gibraltar in 2002 and the Falkland Islands in 2013).

If overseas territories qualify - job done.
If not - there might be some loopholes.

An unavoidable consequence of the nature of your work. For example, if you are a merchant seaman or someone working for a UK based business which requires frequent travel abroad.

Assuming my job is disaster relief, it should justify my presence on British Virgin Islands?

EDIT / UPDATE: Another loophole could potentially be staying on the vessel registered in the UK?


texts: What is illegal about illegal street racing?

texts: Would an arrangement between two (or more) parties to get from point A to point B in the fastest way possible without breaking any laws and the fastest party would receive a price pool made up of equal deposits by all parties -taxes be considered illegal street racing?


texts: Do trans women count as women for the purposes of this new California law?

texts:
This article on CNN states the following:

That's according to a new law, enacted Sunday, which requires publicly traded firms in the state to place at least one woman on their board of directors by the end of 2019 — or face a penalty.
It also requires companies with five directors to add two women by the end of 2021, and companies with six or more directors to add at least three more women by the end of the same year.

Say a company with five directors were to add two trans women to their board, would this company face a penalty?
If so, must the individual have completed their transition or can a pre-transition trans-women be considered a woman on the board of directors?
If a pre-transition trans-women qualifies then it appears to me that this law could be circumvented by having men claim to be pre-transition trans-women. The natural issue with this being that men could easily be doing this in bad faith which would require the state government to determine if this is being done in bad faith or not.
In the article it is stated that similar laws exist in Europe, has this issue arisen there?
Thanks


texts:
Many contemporary weapons deliver substantial secondary and tertiary damage.  For example:

The fallout from nuclear detonations.
The various epidemiological and ecotoxicological consequences of perchlorate, i.e., rocket fuel (full disclosure: my dad is a scientist cited in the linked EPA document).
The long-term ramifications of napalm in Vietnam, on both the soldiers who used it and the environment and people of that country.

What I am curious about is a situation in which these secondary and tertiary ramifications effect some unrelated third party.  For instance, maybe some wind blows a bunch of radioactive fallout-dust from country B which just got bombed over to neutral country A.  Or maybe the napalm dropped on country B poisons the water which flows into country A, and which is the only major water supply for that country.  Etc.

In a situation like this, would the neutral third party have any standing in international law to state that these secondary or tertiary effects constitute an act of war?  Obviously any despot can say "I'm counting this as an act of war" and then wage war, but is there any legal or historical basis to think that international bodies such as the U.N. would generally take the side of the hypothetical country A in such a scenario?


texts: Can I get in legal trouble for open sourcing an unofficial wrapper for an API? (EU Law)

texts:
A while ago, I programmed a very simple API-Wrapper for a search engine and made it Open Source (Licensed under MIT). All it basically does, is using the very same REST-API the actual website uses as well (no scraping). So what I did was making a search query in my browser and checking in my network tab where the request went. Then I wrote a small library that uses those endpoints.
Now I received a message, telling me that this is against the website's ToS and could result in legal actions.
I'm aware that it might go against their ToS. But as far as I know, the only consequence would be a termination of the service, right?
The paragraph in the ToS states:
(I'm not sure if I should include the name of the company so I omitted it.)

Unless explicitly agreed otherwise, no licence to use the (...) Application Programming Interfaces (API) is granted to the User for any use other than within the framework of the Services published by (...). Consequently, no collection and no reproduction of search results is authorised other than the exceptions provided for and strictly limited by law.

I'm not collecting, nor reproducing any search results. The library just queries the very same API.
Is this against the law in the EU and should I take down the repository containing the source code?


texts: Are publicly available password dumps legal under GDPR

texts:
When a company gets breached by hackers, often the contents of their databases will make its way onto the internet. Sometimes this will include obviously personal information such as email contents or personal data but it's quite common to see a text file with emails and passwords of the format:

a.aaronson@aol.com:abcdef
...
johnsmith@hotmail.com:password123
johnsmith@gmail.com:hello456

This is useful information for security professionals to test if an account uses a password that's been published in a data leak somewhere. On the other hand, the data is stolen and the individuals have not consented to their data being used for this purpose.

There exist services such as Have I been pwned that allow a user to search these databases and find out if their data is included in a public data dump. Troy Hunt (who runs it) is based in Australia but if the site is available to users in Europe, it would still be covered by GDPR legislation. HIBP uses hashed passwords to maintain privacy.

Under GDPR, is it legal for me as an individual to hold a copy of a leaked database and is it legal for a security company to hold it (or information derived from it). I'm based in the UK (Scotland specifically) if other laws are relevant.


texts: Was I forced into a mental hospital legally?

texts:
If, after an accidental Xanax overdose, a person went to the ER to be safe, is it legal for the hospital to force them into a psychiatric hospital for three days? What if the person told the nurses it was an accident?

This scenario occurs in Florida.


texts: How do I get a regulation changed in my state?

texts: I am looking to request a change in Washington States cryptocurrency regulations. Where would I start and at what point if any does a petition become important?


texts: Mandatory rent increase in tenancy agreement? (UK)

texts:
I'm considering entering into a tenancy agreement as a private tenant for a house; this is quite a high value rental, around the top 1% of the market.  I have not yet paid over the holding deposit, having requested a specimen tenancy agreement first.

I am concerned by the following clause:

  After the first 12 months of this Agreement has passed, the rent shall be increased with such increase to be in line with the Retail Price Index (RPI) for the 12 months immediately preceding the increase with a minimum increase of 3% and a maximum increase of 8%. Thereafter once the fixed term of the Agreement has expired, if the tenancy rolls over into a periodic Agreement, the rent will continue to be increased on a yearly basis in line with the RPI for the preceding 12 months with a minimum increase of 3% and a maximum increase of 8%.

I've never seen a clause like this in any other tenancy agreement.  On the scale of value of the property I'm looking at, between 3% and 8% is a significant amount of money.

My biggest concern is that RPI has been lower than 3% since 2012, so any rent increase would be governed by this arbitrary minimum of 3% - and preferably, I would have no mandatory rent increase at all in the lease.

I queried the clause with the letting agent, suggesting it be replaced with wording to the effect of "The Landlord can review and increase the Rent every twelve months on the anniversary of the date on which the Tenancy began."  The landlord came back with:

  This RPI clause cannot be changed, any rent increase must be tagged to this index for fairness. Any rent increase must be agreed with yourselves prior to enacting in any case.

Should I be worried about this clause?  Should I continue to argue for its removal?  Is this a reasonable thing to see in a tenancy agreement at all?

I'm based in the UK (greater London).


texts: In the United Stated, to my understanding, it is illegal for anyone under the age of 21 to purchase, consume, or otherwise be in possession of alcohol. Therefore, would it be illegal if someone who was under 21 (Person A), went to dinner with someone (Person B) over 21 (parents, older relative, date, etc.) and Person B ordered an alcoholic drink and Person A didn't, and when the check came, Person A decided to pick up the tab? Could the police arrest this person and charge him/her with purchase of alcohol by a minor, and subsequently charge Person B with allowing a minor to purchase alcohol (I.e negligence?) And then fine the restaurant for allowing a minor to purchase alcohol?


texts: Are Native American tribes considered part of the United States?

texts:
What is the principle of Tribal Sovereignty? Does it mean that Native American tribes are not part of the United States?

Thank you.


texts: How to fight citation for expired license plates in Washington State?

texts:
Couple of weeks ago I was pulled over by Highway Patrol trooper in Bellevue, WA. He gave me citation for expired expired license plates (they expired in August, and I've got citation in December). It was my fault, I completely forgot about it. Somehow I thought that I need to renew them in December, and I didn't setup any reminders + I haven't received any mail from local DOL office with reminder (I used to receive it before). I renewed my tabs on the very same day. Will I be able to ask for forgiveness in my case? How do I do that? What do I tell in court?
(It just my third year in USA and first experience with police and courts).


texts: Hotel in Ibiza offers vouchers upon booking cancellation due to coronavirus

texts:
I had made 2 bookings with a hotel in Ibiza with a non-refundable rate few months ago. I used credit card to complete 2 bookings. 1 of the bookings costs less than £100, while the other costs more than £100. I have travel insurance coverage.

Now due to Spain government legislation, all hotels are foced to close. Hence, that hotel in Ibiza had cancelled all my bookings.

Instead, that hotel offers a voucher to be spent on future booking.

Obviously, I am not satisfied with the voucher. I do not know when the Coronavirus outbreak would end. I want a full refund on my booking, not the voucher.

From legal point of view, how do I get a full refund from that hotel in Ibiza?
If that is possible, what word/quote should I use to convince/persuade that hotel in Ibiza to refund me full amount to my credit card?
What is the alternative you could suggest if the above method fails?

Thank you.


texts: If A makes a potentially "defamatory" statement to C about B, does it matter if C knows B well?

texts:
Suppose A tells C that "B is a total liar, nothing s/he says can be believed." And suppose C has known B since childhood.

Would the statement be less defamatory since C is in a good position to judge whether or not B is a "total liar?" Suppose, instead, that the statement had been made to D, who "knows of," but doesn't "know," A. Would the statement to D be more defamatory, since D is starting tabula rasa?


texts: Is recommending specific medications "practicing with a license"?

texts:
My wife and I are receiving counseling about some marital issues. We met one time with the counselor, and my wife told him I'm depressed. He took that as fact without investigating, and pressed me to consider medication, listing several. He also did not ask about existing medications to consider interactions. As far as I know, this person has no medical license, but I'm planning to ask.

If it's the case there's no license, has this crossed the line into practicing without a license? If so, what's the appropriate action to take? More generally, is there a way to tell when the line is crossed?


texts:
I was reading an article about Hetty Green and it mentions her challenging a will on the basis that there was an earlier will with a clause invalidating any later wills.
Is such a clause enforceable, say in USA jurisdiction? Of course, glad to have comments from other nations as well. Will be interesting to compare.


texts: What's the status of a lease in which the lessor doesn't explicitly assign their interest, but also claims they're no longer the lessor?

texts:
I've rented my home for a few years now. The property owner let it be known that she was trying to sell and cash out, which is fine. About a week ago I got a text from her saying the sale went through, she doesn't own the property anymore, and I should be hearing from the new owner, and good luck. Okay.
Well, rent is due in four days and I can't figure out who to pay it to. I still haven't heard from the new landlord. I don't know who they are or where to find them.
I read local and state statutes on this and there doesn't seem to be an explicit landlord's duty to let me know they exist or how to find them.
My take on this situation is that I have a lease with the old landlord, I don't have any direct knowledge of there being a new landlord, and that I should be seeing something like an Assignment of Interest or similar document by now. So come January 1, to the best of my knowledge, I still owe rent to the original lessor.
Is that a correct interpretation?
EDIT per OP Comment:
It's (in) Cuyahoga County, Ohio. The original lessor claims they don't know who the new owner is. Also, tell me I'm wrong here, but I have a contract with Entity A and nothing that assigns that interest to Entity B so don't I still have a contract with Entity A?


texts: Is it legal to sell a product that has been stolen?

texts:
Someone can somehow buy lots of products and sell them for very low prices.

Can I buy from him at low price and sell it for normal price?

I'm not from US, but products may be.


texts: Personal Reports We Are Entitled to BY LAW (Other than Credit Reports from Experian, Equifax, Transunion)

texts:
Are there personal reports US citizens are  BY LAW, entitled to other than credit reports from Experian, Equifax and Transunion.

For instance, I could have sworn I saw a government website on MIB, i.e. your personal medical information that insurance companies have on you. Now I cannot seem to find it on any government website that says we are entitled to this report BY LAW.

Two part question

1a - Where is US government website where person can requesting free copy of their MIB (online or by phone). And I don't mean MIB.com. I am looking for government website that would reference something like MIB, i.e. for instance Federal Trade Commission website references annualcreditreport.com

1b - Where is US government website where person can requesting free copy of their other personal records (online or by phone)


texts: Can a landlord/property change my unit after approval?

texts:
My boyfriend and I are currently in the process of moving across the country, about 650 miles. On September 2nd we visited a property in the area we will be moving to and we really liked it. After getting the info for the available units from the woman in the office we then went online to apply.

We applied for a specific unit, lets just say unit #1A for example. We completed the entire application and paid the application fees and the 'Holding/Starting Security Deposit'(this is the exact wording from the page where we agreed to pay.

We found out 2 days late that we had been approved and I was sent what I would call the welcome packet. These documents specify that we need to have renters insurance and how and when to switch the electric to our names. I also includes a list of the fees paid. On this list is says 'Application Fee Per Applicant:  $60x2 PAID' and 'Administration Fee: $150 PAID'. I noticed here that it now says 'Admin Fee' and not Deposit, but didn't much of it.

The next day I received an email saying the lease was ready for us to sign. So I logged in to take a look. When I opened it I noticed that the unit number had changed to unit #B2. I was very confused by this so I called the office, and this is what I was told.

The unit we had applied for and been approved for was actually a renovated unit and we did not apply for a renovated unit. I told the lady that this did not seem right of them to just change the unit on us like this. She told me that we could have the original unit if we agreed to pay the higher price, which is out of our budget. She said that it was IT's fault that it had been listed wrong and that it was now fied.

After I hung up with her I went to their website to check and sure enough the unit #A1 was still listed for the same price we had applied for and been approved for but now with a different availability date.

I have done some looking and it seems to me that since we paid what I was told when paying the fee was the the deposit that they can not switch the unit on us.
I have been trying to get ahold of the office now for 2 days with no answer. Plus watching their website and the unit #A1 is still listed for the same price now with another different availability date. They know we are moving from out of state and I do not remember the unit #B2 being listed as available when we did our application.

So I guess my questions are:
1. What should I do?

Can they do this, switch the unit like that?
Should I try to push for the original unit #A1? I'm worried if I do this they will treat us horribly during our lease.
Should I try to get my money back?
If I decided to go with the new unit they assigned should I be worried about them trying to pull off shady stuff?

I really don't know what to do but they don't seem to be trustworthy. But I need somewhere to live in two weeks.

UPDATE: I spoke to the woman in the office finally yesterday(9/12) she told me that her manager would call me later but I was not contacted.

Instead she called me back later and said they will just give me the original unit and renovate the other instead.

However when I checked last night and again just now my lease papers still say the second unit and the original unit is still listed as available for the same price I applied for it at.

Also I do have proof that according to their payment system I agreed to pay the Holding/Starting Security Deposit not the Admin Fee. This is what it said in their system when I entered my payment information and hit submit for the payment.


texts: Was William Bruce Mumford convicted of treason?

texts:
Wikipedia says

When the Union Army occupied the city on May 1, Mumford was arrested and charged with "high crimes and misdemeanors against the laws of the United States, and the peace and dignity thereof and the Law Martial." On May 30 he was tried before a military tribunal and convicted, even though there was no clear attempt to determine whether the city was actually occupied when the event occurred.
On June 5 Butler issued the following Special Order No. 70:

William B. Mumford, a citizen of New Orleans, having been convicted before a military commission of treason and an overt act thereof, tearing down the United States flag from a public building of the United States, after said flag was placed there by Commodore Farragut, of the United States navy: It is ordered that he be executed according to sentence of said military commission on Saturday, June 7, inst., between the hours of 8 a.m. and 12 a.m. under the directions of the provost-marshal of the District of New Orleans, and for so doing this shall be his sufficient warrant.

Clearly Butler thought the sentence was for treason in the common sense of the word, but was the charge really treason according to the Constitution, namely

Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort.

Did the actual tribunal decision state that Mumford had performed an act of treason, as opposed to, say, disobeying the Martial Law (which he also did when he refused to follow an order not to tear down the flag.) Clearly the tribunal could have ruled that tearing down the flag gave Aid and Comfort to the enemy. But did the tribunal's decision actually say that?


texts: In USA, is it illegal to modify your WiFi router or to use a WiFi router with custom firmware?

texts:
Open source projects such as DD-WRT and Tomato provide custom firmware for wireless routers.

However some information on the web seems to imply that FCC rules no longer allow the modification of the firmware on software based radios.

Looking at the FCC web site, this question is linked to two PDFs:

594280 D01 Configuration Control v02r01
594280 D02 U-NII Device Security v01r02

The second PDF lists the requirements that a software radio operating in 5GHz range (a frequency provided by many WiFi routers) must meet in order to become certified by FCC. On p.2 this document says the following under "Third-Party Access Control":

  What prevents third parties from loading non-US versions of the
  software / firmware on the device?

  Describe in detail how the device is protected from "flashing" and the
  installation of third-party firmware such as DD-WRT.

However all of this documentation is for manufacturers, about their responsibility to block customizations like this. The questions I wanted to ask are from the perspective of the end user:

is it illegal to install custom firmware on a WiFi router?
if I have a router with custom firmware from another country, is it
illegal to operate it in USA?


texts: What are the formal requirements to cite the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in U.S. courts?

texts:
I understand that there has been no attempt to broaden protections  subject to civil rights in the U.S. on the grounds of human rights so there is likely no example for such a reference, but U.S. courts probably see UDHR references in immigration cases, and I would be curious to see how that looks.
My understanding is that the UDHR is a multilateral agreement which may or may not be binding on the U.S. absent necessary authority to enter into it in a binding fashion. I also understand that similar international treaties and other pacts will be cited in the U.S. in, for example, the following format:

“Treaty title, Parties (if applicable), date of signature, treaty source designation, optional treaty source | pinpoint reference (date of entry into force and optional information).“ — https://guides.library.ubc.ca/legalcitation/intlaw

A cite, according to my research in the matter, would, for example, look like this:

Convention on Great Lakes Fisheries, United States and Canada, 10 September 1954, Can TS 1955 No 19, 6 UST 2836 (entered into force 11 October 1955).

How would the international treaty of, say, Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights look like in a U.S. complaint or elsewhere wherever it may be deemed binding law?
Are there any case laws that specifically outrule that U.S. courts be bound by the legal cornerstones of the UDHR? Any for the opposite?


texts: I'm 13, and I am wondering if it would be legal to carry a karambit knife for self defense – in a sheath or folded? If laws for both are different, I would appreciate policies on both. If so, would I be allowed to conceal it? Or would it have to be in plain sight? Any specific blade length limits?


texts: Can former residents of Ontario drive in Ontario with a foreign license?

texts:
Under HTA 32(1),

  No person shall drive a motor vehicle on a highway unless the motor vehicle is within a class of motor vehicles in respect of which the person holds a driver’s licence issued to him or her under this Act.

Section 34(1)(b) exempts certain nonresidents:

  Section 32 and any regulation made thereunder do not apply to any person who is ... a resident of any other country or state,
  (i) who is at least sixteen years of age and is the holder of a valid
  International Driver’s Permit, or
  (ii) who is at least sixteen years of age and has not resided in Ontario for more than three months in any one year and has complied with the law of the country or state in which he or she resides as to the licensing of drivers of motor vehicles.

Let us ignore (i) for a moment. It seems that (ii) is saying that if a person has ever resided in Ontario for more than 3 months in a single year, then that person is henceforth forever ineligible for this exemption, no matter how long they have lived in a foreign country. Such a person may not use their foreign license to drive in Ontario, even if they only visit Ontario for a single day.

Is this the correct interpretation of the law?


texts: In Oracle America v. Google, what was the District Court jury's rationale behind its "fair use" finding?

texts: In the case of Oracle America v. Google, the District Court of Northern California ruled on whether or not Google's reimplementation of 37 Java APIs constituted fair use. My question is, how - in the said jury's opinion - is Google's action "fair use"?


texts: Is disclosing a trade secret only to a judge in court, as happened in "The Prestige", something that could happen in reality?

texts:
The 2006 film The Prestige begins with a magician drowning while performing a magic trick, with another man accused of murdering him. During the trial, the magician's engineer is asked to reveal the secrets of the trick where the magician died. He is reluctant to do so.

  Cutter: If I reveal my magician's secrets here in open court, I'll be
  unemployable and the secrets will be worthless. The Real Transported Man is the most sought-after illusion in the business and I have the right to
  sell it on.

  Judge: Mr. Cutter, I see your predicament, but we are talking about a capital offence; Alfred Borden's life hangs in the balance.

  If you were prepared to disclose the details to me in private, I might be
  able to judge their relevance to the case. Might this be an acceptable compromise?

Is this something that could happen in a real court session? I don't think there was a jury in this trial, but would that change the answer? If it matters, the movie takes place in 1900s London.


texts:
Based on the example of Ed Rosenthal there's something about freedom of speech that's puzzling me:

According to the article and to what I've read about the case, a defendant in court has been denied the right to even say that what he did was legal under state law.

In my personal opinion this looks like an outright violation of freedom of speech, because I can't think of any reason why a defendant should be in any way restricted as to what he is allowed to say. Being allowed to say anything doesn't force anyone (judge/juror) to believe that it's true and obviously there're good reasons for example to force witnesses to only say the truth, because their freedom of speech quickly conflicts with the defendant's right for a fair trial should they be allowed to lie.

I'd like to know the explanation for this as I'm sure there is one, though it's not obvious for an "outsider" like me. Besides that, I wonder if this has ever been challenged in court.


texts: Can a company handle paying taxes and other bureaucracy work for a freelancer

texts:
Pardon my terminology. I'm very much not a lawyer, but I used to watch Ally McBeal as a kid, so I think I got the hang of this.

This is actually a subset of a vastly larger problem, so the arrangements may seem a bit weird. This is an EU question, but having any common law jurisdiction answers would certainly help, as would anything even tangential on this.

We have the following legal entities:

Main company X, located in either Ireland or Northern Ireland (UK)

Accounting company Y, located somewhere in EU, could be the same country as X if that makes things easier.

Freelancer A (and others), located somewhere in EU, ideally the globe.

X has made a contract for service with A. X wants to lower the bureaucracy overhead for A, as it is essential for the business model for make it easy to join as a freelancer (think Uber). Ideally this would be as hassle free for A as having a contract of service with X.

For this, X has two different models:

1) A sends X all the necessary paperwork. When A gets paid, X pays income taxes, pension payments, VAT and whatnot for A and sends the rest for A.

2) A sends Y the paperwork, X sends Y the full amount payable to A and the info required, Y pays the taxes etc and sends the rest to A.

Are either of these (or modifications of those) possible without the relevant authorities interpreting this as a contract of service instead of as a contract for service as intended.

It is worth noting, that even without X handling tax bureaucracy for A, it is not completely clear if the model would pass as a contract for service. Based on the IRS 20 questions on the subject 15 or so say it's for, 3 are indecisive and 2 say of. It would also not make any sense for X and A to have a contract of service relation (again, think Uber).

EDIT:

A few things to clarify:

Our goal is not (necessarily) to minimize taxes for A, but to minimize bureaucracy overhead for working small sporadic gigs for the company
Scope of A's work could range from anywhere from an hour to a few years
Ideally A would just have to provide X (or Y) the required paperwork, then receive payments as if he would be an employee and not have to worry about taxes or social payments.
Having an employer-employee relationship between Y and A is almost as bad as having it between X and A
The main reason why we want to avoid employer-employee relationship is not tax optimization or avoiding social payments, but avoiding minimum wage regulations. This may seem quite exploitative, so I might need to open up the idea a bit more:

The point of company X is essentially to provide a legal & software (latter one being our core competence and first one just a major obstacle) platform for collaboration between the mentioned 'independent contractors'.

As a simplified example that wont catch many of the reasons why we need a legal platform as well:

Freelancers A and B collaborate together to build the ultimate fart app. A handles the coding and clocks in 100h while B farts on mic for 50 hours, both work being deemed equally valuable. When the project cashes in, A will get 2/3 of the profits and B 1/3. A and B can also sell their equity to 3rd parties any time they want.

This would be implemented by having a (quite exotic) contract for service between company X and independent contractors A and B.

Now consider the two following scenarios:

The app ends up grossing very little or nothing at all, meaning that hourly rate for A and B would be way below minimum wage. This would obviously mean a disaster for company X if the authorities interpreted the relationship as employer-employee, so that is why we absolutely need to steer clear of it.
Freelancer C joins the project and does 10 hours of design work. Let's say that C his main source of income from a steady 9-5 elsewhere and does not really do freelancing other than this gig. While setting up a service company for A and B would possibly be an option (given that this is not their only collaboration under company X), the overhead for C would be completely unbearable.


texts: GDPR and personal data that gets crawled and ends up on other websites

texts:
Data controllers must delete the users' personal data if they are asked to do so, according to the GDPR, except in some cases that don't really apply here. But what if that personal data has ended up somewhere else on the internet, maybe on a search engine like Google, or maybe in multiple places that might even be difficult to spot completely, often because some crawling bots have copied the data? I'm not talking about a data breach, where somebody gets unexpected and unauthorized access to data that is supposed to be private. I'm talking about data that is publicly displayed on a website, so anybody (crawling bots included) can access it. It  could be a username, an email address, a little picture of you as an avatar, etc.

So here are the questions:

Who is responsible for the deletion of personal information that ended up on other websites? Should the user try to get the data deleted, or should the original website do it? For example, if a user asks me to delete some data from my website, should I also try to have it removed from Google or could I just tell the user it's none of my business and that they should go ask Google on their own?

Should a user expect all this to happen as "the way internet works", or should anything be made clear in the privacy policy? For example saying "The part of your personal data that can be publicly accessed on the internet is likely to end up on other websites that we cannot control and that might not comply with the GDPR at all"?


texts: Cancellation of debts in different countries

texts:
In my current jurisdiction debts are "cancelled" after ten years unless the creditor has "reminded" the debtor about the debt before that ten year period. If, however, the credit sends a reminder every nine years, the debt will continue "for ever". Cancelled should be understand as "courts won't upheld the debt". If you go to a court with a debt it was eleven years ago you sent a reminder about, they will dismiss the case.

This is in a Western European country.

Now I wonder if this is common or uncommon in other western countries? The reason I ask is that I am in the process to try to collect a very uncommon and unordinary debt and need to "break through" this ten year cancellation period (To simplify a complicated story, a three year old kid lent an adult a substantial amount of money. Of course, the kid was unable to claim its right before the ten year period. The parents also failed doing this. Furthermore, all possible criminal acts in this case's statue of limitations are passed with good margin. I am not interested in comments on this situation.). One way to achieve this is to compare with other similar countries regulations for similar situations.

The question might be a bit broad but I don't expect anyone to describe the situation in 30 different European countries or 50 states in the US but rather something like "In Germany/Arizona it works like this...", similar in length and detail to the first paragraph in my question. Hopefully I get a few interesting leads that I can investigate further and in more detail.


texts: Can the Supreme Court perpetually deny petitions for certiorari?

texts: What, if anything, prevents the Supreme Court from perpetually denying all petitions for certiorari?


texts: Am I breaking the law by giving a friend advice?

texts:
My Friend had some questions about copyright laws, I told him that he was breaking said copyright laws and should do a few things different with his business.

Is this considered breaking the law? I'm not a lawyer and I'm not trying to represent him in court anyway. Also, if it makes a different, we're in the State of Ohio.

Not sure what this part of this article means: http://hirealawyer.findlaw.com/do-you-need-a-lawyer/what-is-legal-advice.html

"Advice from FRIENDS or family does not constitute legal advice. True legal advice forms an agreement between an attorney and his or her client based on a particular legal matter the client is experiencing."


texts: I lost my DOT heavy truck logbook what do I do?

texts: I have to keep a Class A driver log book even though I work in my local area driving logs. The log book is used to keep track of proper rest. I lost mine. What do I do?


texts: I am a dual Canadian/US citizen residing in Canada; can I vote in US/Canadian federal elections?

texts: I am a dual Canadian/US citizen currently residing in Canada. Can I vote in both the Canadian and American federal elections? Can I vote in the primaries for my party? Am I allowed to cast votes for congressional candidates in the US from the district that I lived in most recently?


texts: In Florida, do you need to physically hand over your licence to Police?

texts:
According to Florida Statues 322.15, It states;

  License to be carried and exhibited on demand; fingerprint to be
  imprinted upon a citation.

Does this mean you only need to present the drivers license not hand it over?


texts:
In the US, Let's say I want to install a radio antenna on a building. This is for non-commercial purposes (Transmitting legally under FCC part 97) and the building owner is OK with the project.

However, if I hurt myself (ex. fall off the roof), they do not want to be responsible. I agree with this, and think it's absurd for the insurance company to go after the building owner.

Legally, will some form of a waiver suffice on removing all of the building owners responsibility for my personal injury?


texts: Is the article in the Stanford Law and Policy Review (see below) actually referring to the Telecommunications act of 1996?

texts:
While reading this article in the Stanford Law and Policy Review, I came across references to the Telecommunications Act of 1996 stating that:

  Under the Telecommunications Act of 1996, different forms of media were subject to varying levels of regulation. Title I of the Act applied to information services, which were not subject to any statutory rules and over which the FCC had limited regulatory authority. Title II applied to telecommunications services and allowed for far more stringent regulation.

Contradicting this, Title 1 of the Act is "TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES", and Title 2 is "BROADCAST SERVICES".

What was the SLPR referring to in that paper? Were they just paraphrasing, or were they referring to something else?


texts: What international law requires armed police to be present in international airports?

texts:
Among its reasons for reintroducing weapons into Solomon Islands' police force, RAMSI states that

  Under international conventions it is a requirement that all international airports maintain an armed police presence. Without rearmament, the RSIPF will not be able to meet this obligation, which would impact on their ability to have a working international airport.

Which international conventions are referred to here and what is the rationale for this requirement?  What are the extent of these obligations?


texts: Is it illegal for an adult to contact a minor if the minor's parents have instructed the adult not to do so?

texts: I am 17 yrs old and my parents have told my boyfriend and his parents not to contact me (and have told me not to contact them) because they disapprove and believe their family is causing me harm mentally and trying to turn me against my parents. However, my parents are misinterpreting and assume said family has malicious intentions, which is not true (their intentions are innocent and they genuinely intend to do no harm). They told his parents not to contact me, but I reached out to the parents and let them know that I would be willing to have a phone call with them so they could check in on how I was doing, which we have done once. Is it illegal for them to contact me if my parents told them not to, even though I initiated the contact and they were really just talking to me because they care to see how I am doing? Thanks.


texts: What power do I have as a driver if my interstate route is blocked by a protest?

texts:
I recently read about protests blocking an interstate. I feel like ethically no one no (non-police) citizen has the right to obstruct my travel (on a public interstate for the sake of protest), therefore I'm interested to know if I personally have any legal route to retaliate against the individuals stopping my travel (exercising their rights at the expense of mine).

Just because I think I should have the right to slowly push through a crowd unlawfully impeding my travel, doesn't make it the law, unfortunately. But that's why we have laws, right? So we can retaliate against people we feel are impeding our freedom in a peaceful manner. My question is simply of whether I have the ability to legally retaliate against the protesters who may have just made me an hour late for an important event by blocking a public freeway.

Edit: Another way to look at it: If a police officer detained me without cause, and there were witnesses and video to verify this, I could sue the police department and win. Why then, can a group of citizens detain me without cause, without also facing legal repercussion?

I'm curious to know what legal grounds I would have in this situation to travel unobstructed.
Can I only call the police and hope they press charges?
Can I video the protesters and press charges against each of them, even sue each protester for damages?
In other words, is there any way for me to retaliate against the (unlawful) protesters legally and peacefully?

Note: Many are responding with something along the lines of "What if it were an accident? You couldn't press charges on the drivers in an accident for detaining you". There's a huge difference between being detained by an accident, and a group of people intentionally and unlawfully detaining me on a public freeway. So I really don't understand these responses.

My initial wording to the question seemed to confuse my intentions and lead to alot of "no, you can't run them over" rhetoric (which wasn't actually my question at all), so I've edited and simplified the question.


texts: Juvenile Curfew violating the first amendment?

texts: A friend of mine proposed that a law, imposing a curfew for juveniles on public streets/spaces violates a first amendment right to assemble. What are some arguments against this?


texts: In Canada when can the winning party recover legal and attorney fees?

texts: I'm suspecting to have to take my ex-landlord to court. He's not giving back my damage deposit or prorated rent. Would I be able to get reimbursed for legal fees or attorney fees if I win? Since I had shared a kitchen with the landlord, I am not covered by the normal tenancy board, so would take it to small claims court (or CRT, if I'm not mistaking, as the claim would likely be less than $5,000).


texts: What happens if someone steals an apple juice from a supermarket?

texts: I would like to know what is the risk if someone gets caught stealing a cheap item worth $1, such as an apple juice from a supermarket.


texts: I'm a Canadian Citizen and want to marry an American Citizen, but still live in Canada

texts:
I'm just wondering if I am able to marry an American citizen if I'm Canadian, and still reside in Canada, while he will still reside in USA. We are not able to move abroad for probably a few years, at least with small children and work, but he would possibility want to move to Canada down the road.

Can I just go to the United States and marry him anyway, and still live in Canada? Do I have to report this to anyone? Is there anything special I need to do?

I know it's an odd question.


texts: Who is responsible for an AC unit provided "as is": tenant or landlord?

texts:
I'm renting a place in california, and damaged the AC unit. The landlord provided it "as is": the previous tenants installed it and he wouldn't repair it if it stopped working, it was just a convenience for us.
Now my lease is over, should I be charged to repair the AC unit?


texts: Supreme Court Case Online Materials Missing Information

texts: I'm briefing a 1963 Supreme Court case for a class and one of the issues described in the court decision report, and discussed in the oral arguments (audio recordings on Oyez) was the use of an informant about whom little information is provided in the materials available online (that I have found). Are there more materials available to the public, perhaps in police records, that might provide further detail about this person, or should I be able to find everything available to the public online? An assumption common to online briefs is that the man was being surveilled but the terms "surveillance" or "surveilled" were never used in the court's decision brief or during oral arguments. They say only that he was "known" for six weeks.


texts: Retroactive Child support across country lines

texts:
Let's say the Family initially lived in Australia (NSW) in the mid-90s. After the divorce, the rate of child support was calculated and fixed.

Sometime later the father (paying the child support) immigrated to the United States and earns an income considerably higher than the one on which the child support was based. The mother did not seek new orders in either the Australian or United States courts.

The moment the child turned 18, the father ceased payments.

The child is now in his late 20s and has completed an Australian undergraduate degree and is currently studying a masters degree (again in Australia).

2 Questions:

Is it possible/feasible for the child to retroactively sue the father for the child-support that was not paid throughout the 90s and 2000s?
Is it possible/feasible for the child to sue the father to get him to pay for his Australian university fees/debts which have accrued (and continue to accrue) over the 2010s?


texts: GDPR data deletion: do I have a right to have the company specify which data it retained and why?

texts:
I requested the DPO of a company to delete all my data under GDPR.
After a step of "account ownership" verification, it replied that:

XXXX has deleted all of your personal data except where we are required by law to keep the data or have a legitimate interest in maintaining such data.`

Can I ask them to specify exactly which data they have deleted and which one they have retained?

Moreover, for the data that they retained, can I ask them to specify why they retained it? To provide a reason?


texts: Online Freedom and Viewpoint Diversity Act and retweeting with comment

texts:
The bill Online Freedom and Viewpoint Diversity Act (OFVDA) would, if, passed, amend CDA 230.  It includes the following text:

RESPONSIBILITY: For purposes of subparagraph (A), being responsible in whole or in part for the creation or development of information
(i) includes any instance in which a person or entity editorializes or affirmatively and substantively modifies the content of another person or entity;

On Twitter one can retweet someone's original text as a quote and add your own text.

Would retweeting with comment like that count as "editorializes" under the OFVDA?
If so, what effect would it have under the OFVDA?


texts: Can a civilian lawfully use deadly force against bank robbers in California?

texts:
Assume a bank robbery with one or more armed gunmen, in the City of Los Angeles, such as occur in movies or real life, who arrive yelling demands and brandishing firearms at victims but have not shot anyone.  In fact, the robber(s) initially announce that "no one will be harmed if everyone cooperates".

Obviously, any number of bad things could happen to innocent victims if some self-appointed vigilante assaults a robber, takes a robber's gun, or opens fire with their own weapon, say, from a cracked restroom door, or some other position where the advantage of surprise might exist.  Or, they could be the hero of the day.

To be clear, this question is limited to the case where the bank robbers have not physically harmed anyone at the moment the heroic civilian decides to be the first to initiate deadly combat. This civilian is not acting out of fear for himself or the lives of others, but simply believes they stand a decent chance of ending the robbery through superior position, tactics, or knowledge of deadly force or perhaps is hyped up on adrenaline and simply wants to "spin the wheel".

How does the modern legal system deal with such a person?

Note:  The question is hypothetical, and I am not currently in California. There are a number of bank robberies there, so precedents may exist in case law.


texts:
When contesting a will in UK law a "larke vs nugus" letter may be sent to a solicitor holding the will to request they provide evidence relating to the how the will was drafted.
See for example:

https://www.wrighthassall.co.uk/knowledge/legal-articles/2013/04/09/how-start-disputing-will/

Do you have to be a legal professional to request a Larke vs Nugus statement?
Can you request one only if you are contesting the will or is the possibility that you might sufficient?

On the first point I have confirmed that a para-legal is able to do it which suggests that a layman might as well.

Not the main question but bonus points if you can provide insight into how this relates to client confidentiality?


texts: GDPR - Is consent really necessary for contact form?

texts:
I am looking for an answer that is supported by the GDPR, so please try to quote GDPR parts as you answer.

The internet is on fire (developers especially) now that the GDPR is on strength. There are some doubts from my perspective which I would like to clear out with the discussions that arise from this questions.

Do we need a user's consent when being contacted by a contact form?

Many (almost all to be exact) lawyers advise companies to seek consent from the user on the contact form. This sounds ridiculous, as what happens when the user sends you a direct email (without using contact form) with a bunch of his personal data (which you, as a business, did not ask from the user)? How could you know what data the user might send? He might even send the data on purpose and sue your company for not having included in the privacy policy that your business is processing the data that the user has sent. How does this make sense? Isn't the action of voluntarily sending an email to anyone a direct consent (you are aware that you sent the email from your own email address and you yourself have decided to reveal some or all of your personal data to the person/business you are sending an email to)?

Managing consent

If the answer to the first question is "YES", that how do we manage the consents? Consents must be fully manageable so the user can withdraw it at any time. So, do we store each and every email in a database? Storing it in an Excel table would not be a wise way according to the GDPR, as you literally cannot protect Excel worksheet from being read (yes, for all those around who think that protecting the workbook with a password is enough, no it is not, there are hundreds of tools that will crack the password and open the workbook). And then again, GDPR is not meant to drive the business to its own doom. It is not meant to harden that way that the business does its own core business, but it is meant to protect the data of the subjects.

I suppose the information above is enough for a start of good discussion as to whether the user's consent should be asked when filling out a contact form.


texts:
I am trying to build a speech recognition model. This model should be trained on audio data to learn how sentences are made and how words are pronounced. The problem is most audio files (speeches, audiobooks, interviews..) are GPL/LGPL licensed. Should my work be published under GPL too? Is my model considered a derivative work of the audio data?
PS: 1- The data is used only for training and will not be distributed in any way
2- The data can't be reconstructed from model


texts: Compulsory voluntary work to meet performance review objectives

texts:
My UK employer has teamed up with a large well-known charity, and over the last few years undertaking voluntary work for this charity has become a core part of our performance objectives.

If we don't do this work, then our performance is marked down which can result in a lower performance grade if other areas of our work is lacking. This in turn could place an employee in a category where their job is at risk as they are judged as being an underperformer, and similary if this voluntary work is not completed it can prevent an employee reaching a higher grade.

The performance grade also has a direct link to salary increases and bonus.

The voluntary work is with children, and although I have children myself I do not feel comfortable in a school setting. In short, I do not want to do this.

Yes, it is admirable that our company has paired up with this charity, but as you can probably infer I am not happy being forced to take part, or that my overall work performance is judged on whether I do this 'voluntary' work.

So to my question. Is what they are doing legal?


texts:
How does the Belfast Agreement take legal effect?

Is it a treaty?


texts:
My parents are US citizens who, moved to Brazil and had me 32 years ago. We never went back. The US doesn't know about me I'm sure. I don't even have any US documents.

But I wonder still, I have worked for years, and just learned US citizens need to pay US income tax, but I have never paid US taxes. Now I want to travel more, and I worry, if I go to US they will arrest me and make me pay?


texts: Does encoding constitutional rights in state law have any effect?

texts:
According to https://local12.com/news/local/student-religious-liberty-act-sponsor-says-it-protects-rights-critics-say-its-not-needed, Rep. Catherine Ingram argued that a recent bill in Ohio - requiring employees of public schools to respect certain religious freedoms of students - was "redundant and unnecessary" because the rights it purported to grant were already afforded to students by the First Amendment.

Let's suppose, for the sake of argument, that it is true that the rights described in the state law are indeed all ones that are already granted, clearly, by the constitution. Let's also suppose that both the bill and the current Constitutional case law are clear enough that it's unambiguous that this is the case. Does Ingram's conclusion then follow? Does having a right granted by the Constitution indeed mean that encoding that same right in state law has no legal effect?

Or can the "redundant" encoding of such a right in state law in fact have some effect - perhaps by impacting what entities can be sued for violating the right, or in what sort of court?


texts: Is the ZIP Code allowed as part of a ordernumber

texts:
We have a Webshop and want to have the Customers ZIP Code within our Order Number.
Is this against the GDPR?


texts: Is it illegal to sell a breast pump that I got for free from insurance?

texts:
This question is referring to United States law.

If I get a breast pump from insurance and I don't use it, is it considered insurance fraud to sell it for cash?


texts: Can a trade show producer copyright an email leads list?

texts:
We are vendors who have paid to have a booth a local trade show in Dallas. Trade show attendees register using contact info (Name, Phone, Email, etc). The registration info is used to generate a leads lists that will be distributed 3-days later to the vendors by the show producer via email. Upon registration, attendees are informed that they will be contacted by vendors using the contact info they provided. The attendees are also given the options to opt out if do not want to be contacted.

Upon distributing the leads list, the show producer states "the email list is copyrighted and can not be shared."

Question: Can the show producer copyright an email list if they don't own nor created the email addresses? The email addresses were created and provided freely by the show attendees. Or what if I sell my business and I decide to sell the leads lists? Would there be a problem?

While I don't wish to share the list directly. When I do send out email blasts to the show attendees, I do plan to promote other vendors inside the contents of the email. I know that will not be a problem as I am not directly sharing the list with any other individual or business.

Thanks in advance!


texts:
I'm trying to understand the concept of Copyright and trademark Fair Use.
I'm a small indie game developer working on a project which plays in the imaginary world of children. They adventure through a world created by them. Of course this inspiration came from my own two kids.
Problem is that most of their playing is based on Copyrighted material.

Would it require me to obtain licensing when I create a level which is loosely directed to Star Wars for example? Where to play as Storm Troopers covered in unicorn stickers? Or where they dress up as Batman and Robin with a pink cape for a next level?

Just to be clear, the game isn't directed towards one certain character or copyright case, but it has reference to several, as well as own created characters, which are the main stars. It will not contain any direct reference to logos or titles. Just a loose reference to the looks of the characters.
Would it require licensing or would this fall under Fair Use?


texts:
In a criminal case, can a Judge change his sentence to give a lesser punishment for the crime committed on request of the lawyer of the client who had filed the case?
Example: The Judge has given a sentence of 5 years imprisonment in jail after the defendant is found guilty. Now the person who had filed the case feels that the punishment should be lessened, showing sympathy.
In this case, can the Judge can change their sentence and make the punishment lesser?


texts: Are the pictures inside an old book that became PD because of lack of renewal, also PD?

texts:
I am doing a YouTube video about the history of deep sea exploration. I want to show pictures from a 1934 book and I came to the conclusion that the book is public domain because of lack of copyright renewal in the US Copyright Office archives (thanks again to David Siegel for showing where to look in his terrific answer and even better comments!), and also because other people have already taken the effort, among others the Forgotten Books editors who are selling a reprint, and The Internet Archive who holds a scanned copy free for anyone to download.

Now, can I show the pictures inside that book? There is no additional copyright notice at the foot of any of them. All you can see in the book is the following 'courtesy note' at the beginning:

What now?

EDIT The author did the last (and only) copyright renewal in 1951.


texts: If no open source license is given on a github account, what rules apply?

texts:
The GitHub help pages says that

You're under no obligation to choose a license. It's your right not to include one with your code or project, but please be aware of the implications. Generally speaking, the absence of a license means that the default copyright laws apply. This means that you retain all rights to your source code and that nobody else may reproduce, distribute, or create derivative works from your work. This might not be what you intend.
Even if this is what you intend, if you publish your source code in a public repository on GitHub, you have accepted the Terms of Service which do allow other GitHub users some rights. Specifically, you allow others to view and fork your repository.

Would a forked repository be able to be used to produce something commercially?


texts: What are the earliest and latest times that vacuuming can be carried out at home?

texts:
In a recent dispute with my neighbour, who is adjoined to my semi-detached town house, I was told that I cannot legally use my vacuum cleaner between the hours of 8pm through 8am weekdays and 8pm through 9am on weekends and bank holidays.

Typically I vacuum between 7pm and 9pm based on council noise regulations of "noise nuisances" from which I quote the following from Gov.uk:

  [Councils] may also issue warning notices in response to complaints about
  noise above permitted levels from 11pm to 7am. These warning notices
  can be used by councils for noise that’s not a statutory nuisance.

The information from my neighbour was relayed to me from their "barrister daughter", though I've no way to confirm that she has a daughter, or if that she is indeed a barrister. They say if I vacuum again outside of the 8/9am through 8pm restriction they will take a case to their solicitor.

Legally, how accurate are these times according to the law?

Further information:

I am trying to be reasonable and have been ignored in previous attempts to speak to them. The information above was brought to me in an angry confrontation in response to me posting a letter through their door the following evening, which was in turn a response to us hearing shouting and swearing on the phone about the situation, though the recipient of the call is unknown.

I am a 25 year old full time worker (9 - 5) with a 1 hour commute each way, allowing for no midday vacuuming. My wife (23 years old) looks after our two children (1 and 4) during the day while also working part-time and using a sitter. Mornings and evenings are the only time we can vacuum.

My neighbour is a 40/50 something man who works mostly nights which are, apparently, 12 hours shifts. I have told him that I respect this which is why I try to vacuum as the kids go to bed, then quickly again at 8am, instead of a long vacuum session between 7am and 8am (I depart for work and the wife/kids to school at 8am). An elderly woman (who've I've partly assumed to be his mother) also lives there though it seems that's only on occasion, it's hard to tell since when she visits her car is in the garage. She is the one who came up me with the information about the legal times for vacuuming (I asked to speak to the gentleman but I was refused for unknown reasons).


texts: Should I put my business's copyright notice on my client's website?

texts:
I co-own a web design agency, we're finishing up our first three jobs this week for some smaller, local mom-and-pop shops. Obviously the stakes aren't that high at the moment, but I was curious anyways, especially for future clients:

Is it important to display a copyright notice on my client's website? Something like:

  © 2019 My Business, LLC

Fortunately the people we've encountered and worked with thus far as a business have been very pleasant and trustworthy, but I know there are some people out there with ill intent. Does a notice like this somehow help protect us?  Could it harm us? It does seem a little strange to be putting our company name on someone else's site.


texts: Legal obligations if an employee obtains a rival company's strategy

texts: If I were a manager for a tech company, and one of my employees had obtained a commercial in-confidence document detailing a rival company's strategy for bidding on a contract my company was also bidding on, what would I be legally obligated to do under UK laws?


texts:
I have some idea of story, which I want to publish online (idea, not story, because it doesn't exist yet). I want people to discuss it and get some feedback from them.

I asked question on worldbuilding.meta, but here I want to ask if I publish it on some website (for example discussion forum).

How can I protect my idea from stealing?


texts: Using someone else's electronics in my project. Who's liable?

texts: So I'm working on this project, its in a nutshell a usb break out board, a dc to dc converter, and a small LED light strip all three of which are bought off of amazon and are UL certified. The end goal in a sense is to take power from a usb connection, and turn on an LED strip. These 3 components are soldered together with the appropriate gauge of wire and soldered correctly and all components are housed in 3d printed container. Now say I sell this "product" on online, and it (very unlikely) catches fire, who would be held responsible? Would I be responsible since I connected the electronics together appropriately and sold them? Or would the original manufacture be responsible?


texts: Can a person secure an entity's former employee to act as an expert witness against them?

texts:
In federal court, is there any ethical or evidentiary rule that prohibits a person from using that entity's former employee as an expert witness against them?

For context, I would like to use a former jail correctional psychiatrist as an expert witness to give testimony that would help establish that said jail doesn't conform to constitutional standards of mental health care.


texts: Are patent figures protected by copyright?

texts: Are figures in filed patents protected by copyright?  If so, who owns the copyright?


texts: What exactly is the distinction between copyright and patent?

texts: Both copyright and patent protect the owner of intellectual property. To my understanding, copyright is for an expression idea (e.g. art, book) whereas patent is more to do with the functionality of an invention (e.g. how a certain appliance works). Somethings seem to overlap, like computer programs. Why is it debated whether computer programs can be patented? Are there tests to determine if something can be copyrighted or patented? Simple example scenarios would be appreciated.


texts: I am being threatened by a former employer

texts: I live in Florida and recently have been told my former employer is threatening to sue me and 2 other former employees. He said he is going to sue us for defamation/liable/slander, he gained access to a private exchange in my messaging program that the three of us had. The conversation spoke about his character and our personal interactions with him. It also spoke about his staff continuing to use our names via email misrepresenting themselves to our prior clients. I stated as a client of that office, I was not comfortable with this situation and will notify the appropriate licensing agency. But that agency could not do anything about that particular situation. He is threatening to contact my current employer and have us fired for our conversation. I wanted to know if he has a case?


texts: Can I get sued for putting bleach in someone's drink?

texts: I had a slushie order, and we were out of water. There was a bottle of clear liquid, which I mistook as water. I put in around 3 ounces. Later, My boss informed me that the clear liquid under the water can was not back-up water, but BLEACH. The problem was that they informed me AFTER I had already served the customer! Can either I or the restaurant get sued for this?  ( I do not know what is the percentage of concentration.)


texts: Legal remedies if a lower court ignores stare decisis?

texts:
Let's say hypothetically that lower courts en masse decide to ignore Supreme Court decisions.

What legal alternatives are available to citizens if lower courts "Go rogue" and decides to ignore a Supreme Court precedent?
Is there any punishment higher courts can hand down to lower courts for ignoring their decisions?


texts: Is a digital last will and testament on my cloud drive legally binding?

texts:
For example:
Let's say I simply put the signed, digitized document on a cloud drive and inform my executor of how to retrieve it via an email with instructions for safe keeping. Will my Executor have issues enforcing this document or proving its validity with the various states I have investments in and especially when it comes to assigning the guardianship of my children?

Reasoning:
While we have worked with many law firms over the years for different reasons, it seems silly to pay a legal entity which I can't even be certain will exist when I die, to keep a document that is much safer and more readily accessible by my executor somewhere else. Furthermore, this document will change. I prefer to alter it myself without the hassle of re-filing it with an individual entity in hard-copy.

Details of Residency:
My residency is in 2 states (OR and AZ) and have investments (also file tax returns) in 5 states.


texts: I'm looking for a list of lawsuits IBM was the defendant and lost, and also was the plaintiff and lost. I'm looking for well known ones that generally caught the public's interest. Does IBM always win in court because it's own law firm?


texts: Landlord's obligations during prolonged repairs

texts:
My landlord has determined that my building's balconies are in critical need of repair. They have blocked off access to all balconies, and are performing the (extremely noisy) repairs. Repairs are expected to last for 7 months, with no access to the balconies during that time (essentially the entire warm period).

My question is, what are the landlord's obligations in this case. I realize that landlord/tenant law varies greatly (I'm in Toronto, Ontario, Canada), but an answer from any common-law jurisdiction would be helpful.

Specifically:

If the landlord knew about the upcoming repairs when I signed my lease, were they under obligation to tell me? I chose the building specifically based on balcony availability, and so it seems like deceptive marketing to me.
Am I entitled to a rent reduction (e.g. to the average rent of comparable non-balcony buildings in the area) during the repairs?
Am I entitled to any rent reduction / compensation due to the noise (essentially making it impossible to use the apartment during daytime hours)?


texts: Does Canadian law differ from US law concerning undue influence of jurors?

texts:
According to Reuters, the judge in the murder trial of Derek Chauvin today sharply criticized Maxine Waters' comments on the case, saying she might have given the defense grounds for appeal in the event of a conviction. He also said:

"I wish elected officials would stop talking about this case,
especially in a manner that's disrespectful to the rule of law and to
the judicial branch and our function."

Source: https://www.reuters.com/business/legal/judge-blasts-us-rep-maxine-waters-abhorrent-comments-about-chauvin-trial-2021-04-19/
I've heard that there are stronger protections against the improper influence of sitting jurors in Canada than in the U.S.   I'm interested in how they work.


texts:
I'm writing a book (script for students) about art that will be published. I have a lot of images from Wikimedia Commons (photos of sculptures,...). Most of them are licenced so that "You must give appropriate credit to the author." But often just a user who uploaded the image is just "user123123" or "mike" or something similar has uploaded the image.
Must I give credit and how?
If it is a picture of a sculpture or a building (church,..).


texts:
I am a Law Student in Greece trying to understand what Law is a what Jurisprudence is and what the jurisprudential method of thinking is.
What is Jurisprunce; what is its object of study, what are we analysing?
Many people say that Jurisprudence is not the same as Law. Law is the system (not the agreggation of rules but the mental abstraction, their method) of rules and Jurisprudence is the analysis, the study.
Analysis is the syllogistic method with which the individual elements of a phenomenon or a mental abstraction are isolated, to be studied separetely and interpreted.
Study is the mental work, especially meticulous and systematic reading, with the aim of understanding or interpreting a determined object.
Object is anything that is related to something else mainly as its cause or aim.
Is Jurisprudence the study or the analysis of Law's interpretation (Law's interpretation being the aim of Jurisprudence)? How can we study and interpret a mental abstraction?


texts: GDPR: Can I do anything that touches a system with live customer data if I have no instructions at all

texts:
I have just become aware of this particular Article 29, which has one good side: it is short.

  The processor and any person acting under the authority of the controller or of the processor, who has access to personal data, shall not process those data except on instructions from the controller, unless required to do so by Union or Member State law.

Then in Article 28 about "Processor",

  (a) processes the personal data only on documented instructions from the controller, including with regard to transfers of personal data to a third country or an international organisation, unless required to do so by Union or Member State law to which the processor is subject; in such a case, the processor shall inform the controller of that legal requirement before processing, unless that law prohibits such information on important grounds of public interest;

Not to mention Article 32.

If I were to be asked about any instructions, "I don't know" kind of answer would probably be the only one. I have mostly developed new features for a MVC  framework and installed those new features to the production system. Things like checklists and guidelines have not been provided.

Right now my own conclusion is that I should not to copy or modify any database or install any code update that changes how personal data is processed.

I have been employed on a small company for some years, i.e. before and after gdpr come to effect. The company acts as a processor for multiple controllers.

I'll probably make some phone calls anyway tomorrow.


texts:
I am living in Ontario, Canada and I am currently working as full time employee in a large company. But based on my agreement, I am not allowed to work more than 40 hours every week (I do not get paid for it).

I am wondering is it possible to accept a small part time job beside this job?


texts: Tennessee, a-1 zone - can I rent out on Airbnb?

texts: We are planning on purchasing land in Sevier County, Tennessee, with the intention of setting up a mobile home and then renting it out on Airbnb. The lot has A-1 zoning. Is this legal?


texts: On Irish marriage property and divorce law circa 1939

texts:
My questions arise from a scenario in Finnegans Wake by James Joyce, published in 1939, and hence pertain to Irish law around or before 1939.

As a young Dublin girl, Anna inherits property from her father, a house with inn and shop. Anna marries Finnegan.

Post marriage, what would be Anna's and Finnegan's claims on the property Anna inherited before marrying Finnegan?

Twin sons are born. Later, Anna has another child, a girl, but Finnegan doesn't think he's the father! Finnegan wants to divorce Anna.

Could Finnegan legally divorce Anna?

Finnegan throws Anna out of her home for what seems like 3-4 years.

If divorce was possible, was there a requirement that the couple live separately for a number of years?
If the divorce had legally gone through, what would be Anna's and Finnegan's claims on the property Anna inherited before marrying Finnegan?

Just to note that before the divorce can even happen, Finnegan falls from a ladder and dies.