texts: As a French citizen owning an Estonian company, can I be sued for that company activity by another French company under French law?

texts:
Within the following situation:

I have the French nationality.

I have an Estonian company, created as part of the e-Residency program.

This company purpose is doing "web scraping", collecting public data from a French website and selling that data. (Note that this is an example and slightly inaccurate, please don't focus on the legality of scraping in France and Estonia)

Web scraping is supposedly legal in Estonia

Am I at risk of being sued by the French company under French law ? Or would Estonian law apply here ?


texts: Video Copyright: Can I mix my videos to one video and copyright one time?

texts:
Suppose I have a large number of videos and I want to register the copyright on them so others can't copy them and use them.

Instead of paying for each registration alone, is it okay to mix all of them together as one big video and pay once for the registration for this big video, thereby protecting all of the separate videos?


texts: Using quotes in a text you publish under creative commons

texts: Fair use allows quoting other texts (or images) as part of your text, but how does this interact with you publishing the work under a creative commons license that allows derivatives.


texts: How long does it take to evict a tenant in Georgia for not paying rent?

texts:
Various websites describe the tenant eviction process (e.g., http://www.ajc.com/lifestyles/understanding-the-eviction-process-georgia/peHyJ7mMgYEDVns0NXWPVI/).

The eviction process includes going to court.  The websites are silent concerning the amount of delay going to court adds (waiting for the court to schedule a court date and waiting for that date to arrive and actually getting the court order to evict).

About how much delay does the court hearing process typically entail?  Assume we are talking about Atlanta, Georgia and the renter has no legally compelling reason for not paying the rent.


texts: Contract active after another contract signing: How to state it?

texts:
Is it possible to sign a contract that will only be valid only if another contract is signed and/or only if a specific event happens in the future?

If yes, what is the proper legal language to state that?


texts: Can I sell unofficial "names" for bathroom stalls at a public university?

texts:
For a $20m+ donation, you can put your name on my university's new recreational facility. This got me thinking, could I do the same thing?

As a satirical joke I'm thinking of setting up a website where students can pay to associate their name/a custom message for each of the bathroom stalls in every building on campus. Other students can then "rate their experience" and leave their own reviews for the stalls on the website. This would be an entirely virtual ordeal and there would be no physical modification of the stalls or pretend affiliation with the University (i.e. we would make it crystal clear that "buying" the stall doesn't actually mean anything and is not approved by the University).

Do note that my University is a public institution and not a private one, if that changes anything.

I'd like to believe that this is fully legal, because as far as I'm aware there's no laws around making up fake names for things (as long as you make it obvious that they're fake), but I digress.

Obviously this is a dumb idea, but is it so dumb that I could get sued (and lose) for it?


texts: Can a man who owns a strip of land going through another's house extort the owner of the house with threat to build on the land?

texts:
There was a recent article on cracked.com discussing an individual who accidentally purchased a tiny strip of land, worth approximately 50 dollars, thinking he was purchasing the house it ran through.  There is a picture of the land in the article.  The strip of land stretches from the front lawn, through the two combined garages of the dulpex, and back out of the back lawn.

It's been suggested he could try to extort his money back by threatening to have the house on his land destroyed, or build eye sores on the land bad enough to encourage the owners of the duplex to buy our the land to get rid of the eye sore.

Could a man legally demand money from the owners of the duplex in this, or some similar manner when the duplex does technically reside partially on his land?


texts: Can a minor serve as a company's registered agent?

texts: Can a minor serve as a registered agent for a company in Massachusetts?


texts: Police, Evidence and Conflict Of Interest

texts:
I've recently binge-watched the entire Netflix original series Making A Murderer and while I have a million questions, I suppose if I could narrow it down to one, it would be the following (some background for those not familiar).

Officers who were actively being sued by Mr. Avery, the accused, were ordered to not be involved in the process of searching Mr. Avery's property, collecting evidence or having any direct access or involvement in the case because of the fact that Mr. Avery had a lawsuit before the courts against these officers for 36 million dollars. This was willingly admitted by the department at the beginning and because of this conflict, they handed over the case to police from a neighboring county.

They were being sued for causing him to be imprisoned for 18 years for a sexual assault that DNA evidence proved he did not commit. Later, it was revealed that at best this was because of gross negligence and at worst due to deliberate malicious action by many police officers.

However, during murder investigation, they were allowed on to his property. Not only were they allowed on his property, but they "discovered" all major evidence used to convict him, or had documented, private access to the rest of the evidence discovered.

My question is, why is it that such evidence was allowed to be used against Mr. Avery without being thrown out, when even by their own admission, these officers had a clear conflict of interest being involved at all? How is it that the State can confess its own conflict of interest, and ignore it entirely at the same time?


texts: What is the best way to determine if a living person in the UK has a will?

texts:
I'm doing some research for a side project where I want to determine whether a living person in the UK has a will or not.

What are your recommendations?


texts:
I'm an undergraduate in the U.S., and a few weeks after starting my tutoring job this year at my university, my employer changed the manner in which I am being paid.

I signed a form that states "ALL TUTORS ARE PAID 8 HOURS, unless told otherwise." However, a few weeks later, I received an email stating I would be paid for the exact number of hours worked. I had this same job for the past two years, and I was paid for 8 hours while only working 5 hours each week, and the department was fully aware of this. They hired me again without indicating things had changed until after I signed the form.

I spoke with the person who sent the email, and she said that she was sorry I misinterpreted the statement "ALL TUTORS ARE PAID 8 HOURS, unless told otherwise," and that it actually means that it is expected that people with my position will work at most 8 hours. I expected she would say that I am now being "told otherwise," so the contract had not been violated, but that was not the case.

It seems like my university may have done something wrong, but I'm not sure. In particular:

The sheet I signed seems pretty informal, and it was clearly made by someone in the department just for this position. It's not some government form with a name. Does that mean it isn't legally binding?
If it is legally binding, does the phrase "unless told otherwise" mean that it has not been violated? It seems like the moral thing to do would probably be to tell me before starting to work, but maybe its still legal to do it afterwards. The department totally thinks that the sheet is being violated, but it's possible they're in the clear without realizing it.
Even if it is a binding contract and it has been violated, does that mean anything? Am I supposed to just quit and look for a job elsewhere, or is there something else I ought to do?

Thanks for the help.


texts: What type of 3 lane roadway is being described in 625 ILCS 5/11-709

texts:
In Illinois law 625 ILCS 5/11-709 subsection? b there is text that states the following:

(b) Upon a roadway which is divided into 3 lanes and provides for two-way movement of traffic, a vehicle shall not be driven in the center lane except when overtaking and passing another vehicle traveling in the same direction when such center lane is clear of traffic within a safe distance, or in preparation for making a left turn or where such center lane is at the time allocated exclusively to traffic moving in the same direction that the vehicle is proceeding and such allocation is designated by official traffic control devices.
http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs4.asp?DocName=062500050HCh%2E+11&ActID=1815&ChapterID=49&SeqStart=111500000&SeqEnd=136400000

What I'm trying to determine is what type of roadway is being referred to when it's stated "3 lanes and provides for two-way movement of traffic". This initially sounds like a two-way left turn lane, but there is also text stating that:

a vehicle shall not be driven in the center lane except when overtaking and passing another vehicle traveling in the same direction when such center lane is clear of traffic within a safe distance

Which to me would mean 625 ILCS 5/11-709 subsection b mustn't be referring to a two-way left turn lane because using those to pass is strictly prohibited by 625 ILCS 5/11-801.b.2:

A vehicle shall not be driven in the lane except when preparing for or making a left turn from or into the roadway or when preparing for or making a U turn when otherwise permitted by law.

So what type of 3 lane two-way roadway is 625 ILCS 5/11-709.b talking about?


texts:
Someone born in a non-EU country has acquired through inheritance European Union citizenship. They are now living in the EU as an EU citizen while still holding the previous citizenship .
It is common practice in their country of birth that the rule of law is not applied consistently.
Can the government of the country of birth legally access this person's personal information while they are living in the EU? Examples are health care records, internet activity and location data.


texts: Cybersquatter posted my domain for sale after I queried it - can I still file a UDRP?

texts:
I'm in a situation where a cybersquatter holds a domain name that I have trademarked.

My company "Example Ltd" is based in the UK, and we've been established under our brand name for over 30 years.  Our brand "Example" is a unique made-up word, ie: you wouldn't find it in a dictionary.

We hold the trademarks for our brand name "Example" in many countries, including the UK and the USA.  We've held it in the UK for over 10 years, but were only awarded USA trademark a few months ago.

We discovered recently that someone in the USA has registered "example.com" about 17 years ago.  We own "example.co.uk", "example.fr", "example.com.au" and many other ccTLD's in this format.

I contacted the owner of example.com and opened negotiations for the domain, asking if he would consider selling to us, but he indicated he wouldn't consider less than $60,000 USD.

We decided to file a UDRP (legal claim) for the domain name and leave it to solicitors to claim the domain.  However, I've suddenly received an email from the owner saying that he's listed the domain name example.com for sale on Godaddy as a premium domain for about $60,000.

My question is, can I still file a UDRP now that the domain is listed for sale?  As a premium domain, I presume it's still owned by the original owner, hence we can take him to court if need be?  The price is extortionate and we own the IP, so I presume we can still claim it as cybersquatting?

Look forward to advice, keen to know if anyone has been in a similar situation.


texts: Can I request to delete an account with a government?

texts:
This concerns my student loans repayment account which is managed by the gov.uk website.
I have paid my loan back in full and have had a confirmatory letter stating this as well, as I wanted to ensure I have written proof.
When on the phone with the student loan repayment hotline, they told me that I couldn't delete my account (there is no such option anywhere) and that they would keep the account for my lifetime, during which I have to keep my contact details up to date. I said I didn't want that, and the response was that if I want to take out a loan again, they would have all the information.
I really, really disagree with this. I understand that the British government will probably have a track record of my student loan and this is fine; but I don't want to have a life-long account that I need to keep up to date with my home address, email, and two phone numbers.
I have read GDPR guides on how to request erasure, but I don't really feel this applies- I want to have my account deleted, not the track record of the loan and repayment. Also, all the guides keep talking about companies. Do governments count as companies? Probably not, I presume.
What can I do?


texts: Can attorney fee clause be used without saying prevailing party will be reimbursed the cost?

texts:
Can attorney fee clause be used without specifying it is for prevailing party only?

I see it is common, but without saying it is only for prevailing party does it mean my Landlord can sue me for any reason, lose and get paid for all expenses?

Does it have an implicit meaning? Or is this a shady contract?

State California.

  If any action of a lawsuit, demand, claim or enforcement of any provision within this Lease shall be brought by Landlord to recover any Rent under this Lease, or any breach of, or to enforce or interpret any of the covenants, terms or conditions of this Lease, or for the recovery of the possession of the Premises, Tenant shall pay: i) All costs, charges and expenses, including court costs and reasonable attorneys' fees incurred by Landlord in enforcing Tenant' s obligations under this Lease; ii) any associated costs  by Landlord of enforcing its remedies in the event of a Default; iii) in any litigation, negotiation or transactions in which Tenant causes Landlord, to become involved or concerned. The Tenant shall reimburse Landlord of its actual costs, any damages, third-party costs and its attorneys` fees within thirty (30) days of receipt of an invoice for the same from the Landlord.


texts: Does the data protection european regulation (GDPR) apply to processing information obtained from business cards and conversations?

texts:
I work at a SME.
When we meet someone (either a potential customer or a potential partner) at an exhibition, meeting, conference, etc., we usually save that person's contact information and topic of interest, so that we can contact them later and maybe send them targeted marketing emails.

This information is usually provided orally or through business cards that we share.

We know that, as an SME, we don’t need to keep records of our processing activities because it's not our main activity and it's not a particularly threat to the individual rights and freedom (so we believe).

Do we need to do something in particular to comply with GDPR, such as letting people know that we will keep their contact info for certain purposes?


texts: What kinds of insults would result and have resulted in someone being imprisoned in Germany?

texts: Just read in the Wikipedia Article on Insult that you could be punished for up to one year in prison for insulting someone in Germany. What kinds of insults, assuming that they are free of false accusations or any accusations, can get you in jail in Germany? Would making fun of the way a politician looks, done routinely in the US, for example, fall under this category, assuming that the politician presses charges? Calling someone a bad word?


texts: What would prevent me from creating my own nation?

texts:
Somehow related, but different: Claiming my own country

Is it "legal" to buy a piece of land and claim it to be another country than before(either inventing a new one or migrating it to an already existing one)?
According to international law, it is. That's exactly what happened to the Crimea island in the Ukraine(now Russia maybe?), right?

Organisations like the EU or the UNO are trying to enforce international law.
Their force in regions like the Ukraine is limited, but in western Europe, that wouldn't be a problem. So, if it's possible without the influence of these international institutions, trying this in an area with their influence would be easier, right?

A similar thing happened in Hamburg, Germany in 1993. But that was an "artwork" (article in german).

Short summary: In 1993, Piet Trantel, an artist, claimed a ~10x10m piece of land as "Niemandes Land" ("nobodies land"). The land was owned by the city Hamburg, and the government accepted his claim as a piece of art.


texts: Can you be arrested for something you say while bound by a confidentiality agreement?

texts:
It seems odd to me that a confidentiality agreement could actually increase your odds of being arrested, but it happened.

I was once arrested and sent to jail overnight for public intoxication while bound by a written doctor/patient confidentiality in that doctor's private office.  The reason, according to the doctor, was for answering "yes" to the question she had asked me without provocation: "Would you normally proceed to drive home in this state?".

Shortly after that I was feeling ill and went to the restroom and threw up.  I came back into the doctor's office to find two policemen waiting for me.

I never understood why that was legal and never got much of a chance to defend myself but it definitely felt like entrapment.  I went to try to get help and the counselor sends me to jail?  Does not compute.  But I am not a lawyer.


texts: Does Github's License Grant clause in the ToS make one legally liable?

texts:
The popular Git Repository hosting service used by many open-source projects Github recently adopted a new Terms of Service.

I am puzzled by the implications of the License Grant Section. Which is reproduced below for reference:

  License Grant to Us

  Your Content belongs to you, and you are responsible for Content you
  post even if it does not belong to you. However, we need the legal
  right to do things like host it, publish it, and share it. You grant
  us and our legal successors the right to store and display your
  Content and make incidental copies as necessary to render the Website
  and provide the Service.

  That means you're giving us the right to do things like reproduce your
  content (so we can do things like copy it to our database and make
  backups); display it (so we can do things like show it to you and
  other users); modify it (so our server can do things like parse it
  into a search index); distribute it (so we can do things like share it
  with other users); and perform it (in case your content is something
  like music or video).

  This license does not grant GitHub the right to sell your Content or
  otherwise distribute it outside of our Service.

It also includes an additional License Grant to Github's Users.

Particularly content that is posted to Github does not always belong to one user - it may for example be a project where many contributions from different collaborators were made under one the GPL or BSD licenses. All of which include for example, required attribution.

While I or another user may personally may be in a position to give Github and Github User's a License Grant for my work; as far as I understand I can do no such thing on behalf of other users that made their contributions under the GPL or BSD family of licenses (unless a CLA specified that one may grant additional licenses beyond those under which they made their contributions). Since Github appears to indemnify themselves -

  you are responsible for Content you post even if it does not belong to you.

Does that mean that Github users uploading GPL or BSD licensed projects whose contributors have not explicitly given Github or Github User's License Grants as per the ToS are doing something potentially illegal?


texts:
My girlfriend is doing an Erasmus in Madrid, Spain, and she lives in a flat with some other roommates, none of whom has signed a tenancy agreement with the landlord (I know, not very wise...).

Today the landlord called them and announced them that they have to leave the place in 2 days. The problem is that the tenants have all given deposits, so most probably, if they don't leave the place immediately, they'll lose the deposits.

What would be the legal outcome in case they call the police? Is it possible that they have charges too because they haven't signed tenancy agreements?


texts: Is it illegal to ask someone to commit a misdemeanor? What is this called?

texts: In my Googling, I learned that in most states a defendant cannot be an accessory to a misdemeanor. What about someone just nagging and insisting on it?


texts: Can a beer brewery and liquor distribution company have almost the same names, since they are different classes/categories?

texts: If a beer brewery has already trademarked the name barrelhouse, and I own a liquor distribution company, for wine and spirits, that I wanted to trademark as barrelhouse selections would this pass?


texts: Is it possible to have a class action if customers have agreed to a arbitration clause forbidding class action?  Is their a way around the arbitration agreement? Does the arbitration agreement cover illegal or deceptive business practices intentionally set up to defraud unknowing customers? Lastly if someone has discovered a despicable business practice intentionally meant to mislead its customers resulting in millions of unearned income, is their a way for that person to get a portion of the settlement that doesn’t include being a plantiff in the class action. Similar to a finders fee for a lawyer bringing a case to a larger more capable firm but for a nonlawyer, so a legally viable alternative or options within the the extent of law.


texts: What options do I have to receive restitution from a company that defrauded me and was convicted in 2004?

texts:
I was defrauded in 2004 by a company and all the members of that company have been in jail after being convicted in court.  I saw that they were ordered to pay restitution, which I never received.  Some years back I got a check from the postmaster or treasury or some federal organization for $42 which I think was from this case.  I was defrauded approximately $18,000.  How did these criminals get out of paying restitution?  Do I have any rights to that money today if I never cashed that check from before?

I was thinking about this because I got an email update from the US Department of Justice about one of the inmates going on a furlough.

Are there any options to sue?


texts: Does the "Adelsaufhebungsgesetz" apply to Austrian citizens world wide?

texts:
I just stumbled accross the English(Ferdinand Zvonimir von Habsburg) and German(Ferdinand Zvonimir Habsburg-Lothringen) version of a descendant of the Austrian Nobility. In the English version the name of the person includes a von (engl. of). But I thought the Adelsaufhebungsgesetz made it illegal for him and his family to have the von in his name.
So my question: Is this ban only valid in Austria or should it be changed on wikipedia?


texts: Is my no pets clause being unreasonably executed?

texts:
I am currently trying to get a pet dog for my share of freehold flat (UK). The lease which covers all of the 7 flats that make up the management company currently has a clause prohibiting pets or animals without Landlord’s permission.
A copy of the relevant paragraph is below:
“3.10.14 Not at any time to keep any animals or pets on or at the Premises except with the prior written consent of the Landlord which consent may be revoked at any time by notice at the discretion of the Landlord.”

Under the Articles of the Management Company, all 7 of the flats are equal shareholders and therefore act collectively as the Landlord. The Articles also confirm that decisions are made based on the majority view, and that each shareholder has equal voting status. We have held the vote and this came back as 4 against, 2 (I could not vote due to conflict of interest) for, therefore rejecting the request.

It is worth noting that one flat already has a cat (agreed with the seller at the time of purchase that this was ok) and one flat has a dog (bought the dog prior to knowing a vote was required, when a vote was held they got approval as people felt it was too unfair to make them get rid of it).
The question is whether there is anything I can do to get around this vote in order to get a dog? Having read around I was thinking that the OFT have published guidance on ‘fair’ clauses around keeping pets and that these should not just be a blanket ban. Therefore the clause I have is fair as it allows for Landlord’s permission. However, as the reasons provided by the Landlord are ‘we think you would be a responsible owner but don’t want to set a precedent for future residents who would not be so good and we don’t want other pets,’ my argument would be that the clause in itself is fair but the Landlord’s are not executing it in a fair capacity. Given one flat already has a dog and another a cat, I would also argue that the Landlord is not acting fairly and consistently.

Additionally; I have a separate front door and private patio which would ensure that the dog would not be on anyone else's property and could not damage communal areas as I don't use any myself.

Thanks for any help you can give.

James


texts: Is there a legally stronger resource than legal advise from a lawyer?

texts:
As far as I am concerned lawyers interpret, to the best of their ability, the law when giving legal advice to a client in a lawyer-client relationship.

Since some legal problems can be quite complex to deal, and as any other human everyone is prone to doing mistakes (some more than others), sometimes it might be a good idea to get more than just a single lawyer.

Still, even if a team of lawyers might be reasonably reassuring (and expensive) in practice, my question out of curiosity is:

Without having committed nor being accused of committing anything illegal, is there any way, to get legal advise, so one can determine the most desirable way to proceed in doing something legally, where it's confirmed then and there that such choice is indeed currently abiding or not to law, and being clear of any future accusations/charges of its legality at the time of doing so (not clear forever since the law can change)?

What I'm asking is not if I can sign a contract with a lawyer that says something like: "I'm going to do this which was told to be legal by this lawyer and if it's found in the future that it actually isn't legal it's the lawyer's fault and not mine".

What I am asking is if, for example, there is the (paid) option to get a confirmation from a government/state/court/jurisdiction (whatever it may be) representative, to look into the legal advise, or give the legal advise theirself, and confirm its legality.

So that instead of legal advise from a lawyer, it's legal confirmation from the authorities that could in the future prosecute you for that same thing they confirmed was abiding the law.

I'm asking on my presumption that if a lawyer in a lawyer-client relationship fails to give correct legal advise, even if unintentionally, the legal
consequences are on the client.


texts: What must an advocate not give evidence, e.g. 'My instructions are that ...'?

texts:
Source: p 125, The Art of the Advocate (1993) by Richard Du Cann QC.

    The alternatives of 'I put' and 'I suggest' are also open to
  objection in that the use of the personal pronoun brings the
  advocate into the case, and makes it appear that he is giving
  evidence. This he must avoid as scrupulously as he must avoid
  voicing his own opinion. For the same reason he must never say
  in cross-examination to a witness, [1.] 'My client will say ...', or [2.] 'My
  instructions are that ...'.   [1.1] The first is mere hopeful speculation,
  and [2.1] the second is giving evidence.

I know about lawyer-client privilege that 2 must not violate.

But otherwise, what is wrong with 2? How is 2.1 true? Even if the lawyer says something:
broad or vague (I am instructed to fight for the best outcome for my
client)
or obvious (I am instructed to defend against the
plaintiff's claims)
or anything that has already been submitted
as part of the brief (e.g. The brief contains arguments A, B, C; and
then the lawyer says that she is instructed to argue for A, B, C)?

I can accept that in such cases, the lawyer is giving evidence of his instructions; but everyone knows the content of the lawyer's utterance already, and so the lawyer is not revealing anything?


texts: I own 35% of a family business. Should I be receiving 35% of the profits of the company?

texts: I own 35% of a family business. I resigned from the company but still own 35%, should I be receiving 35% of the profits of the company? It is a small business and they are refusing to buy out my shares at this time. It is an incorporated company but I don't know if it is C or S corp and I reside in the US


texts: Attorney In Fact clause -- what does it imply?

texts:
Attorney-in-Fact:

  If Contractor’s unavailability or any other factor prevents Company from
  pursuing or applying for any application for any United States or foreign registrations or applications covering the Inventions and related intellectual property rights assigned to Company, then Contractor irrevocably designates and appoints Company as Contractor’s agent and attorney in fact. Accordingly, Company may act for and in Contractor’s behalf and stead to execute and file any applications and to do all other lawfully permitted acts to further the prosecution and issuance of the registrations and applications with the same legal force and effects as if executed by Contractor.

Does this imply that the Company can temporarily 'take over' my business if my LLC is the 'Contract' in this agreement?


texts:
Let's say one day, as I sail across the pacific, I come across an uncharted island.

This island is not anywhere near the borders of existing countries. It is unoccupied.

Can I put up a flag on the island, state I own this piece of land, and run my own country on top of it?


texts: Does self defense apply if you bait the person?

texts:
Here's the situation. There's a disagreement between two individuals, Bob and Dave. Bob decides to get a gun, and then proceeds to taunt Dave. Dave becomes angry starts yelling, Dave intends to kill bob, and in a rage cocks his fist back to strike him. Bob immediately shoots Dave in the face killing him. Bob lives in a stand your ground state.
Would self defense apply to this situation? If Bob and Dave had a disagreement spread out over months, and Bob shoots Dave at the end through a similar situation would self defense apply? How severe of sentencing would Bob receive? How severe of sentencing would Dave receive if Bob let him kill him?


texts: Is it legal to use ingredients found in an existing product?

texts:
Is it legal to use ingredients from an existing product? For example, imagine I love Bio-Oil and I decide I want to make something similar, would it be legal or illegal if I used every ingredient in it, then I add two other ingredients that are not included?  Would Bio-Oil be able to sue me with the claim that my product consisted of most of their ingredients, but not exactly the same?
Basically, the ingredients are listed on the packaging, but the same ingredients are ingredients that you find commonly used in that type of product. My thought is, no one really has ownership of ingredients (e.g., body oils often use the same standard ingredients), so how can they suspect I was copying them?


texts: My apartment complex's hot tub has been broken for multiple months now. I wouldn't have lived here if not for the hot tub

texts:
Over the summer (about 4-5 months ago), the hot tub in my apartment complex broke. I contacted the complex owners, and they said it would take a couple of weeks to fix. I've contacted them multiple times since then, and they keep telling me it will be "just another week or two". I've done this exclusively over the phone.

If this complex did not have a hot tub, I likely wouldn't have chosen to live here - it was a pretty major factor in why I chose this apartment complex. My complex owners are known for having terrible maintenance (and they have lived up to that rumor). I live in a small town so this is well-known among my local community.

I'm going to be moving out when my lease is up (in a few more months), but I don't want to move before then. Is there any way I can get some money back for the months I've lived here without the hot tub, or money back off my future rent payment? They are unwilling to negotiate anything out of goodwill (I've already tried contacting them to work this out nicely).

I'm not sure if it makes a difference, but they advertise their hot tub and pool room pretty heavily. Their website currently has it listed under "amenities" with no indication that it's broken.


texts: 3 Months Probation extended for another 3 months but new contract states that no previous employment counts as part of continuous period of employment

texts:
I live in Dublin, Republic of Ireland and I was hired on the 21st March 2017 on the agreement of 3 months probation review to see how well I perform and if my performance was satisfactory then I will be given a permanent contract however my manager has been trying to get rid of me due to personal reasons, making my performance an excuse to terminate my employment. My manager hardly speaks to me and all communication are done via the assistant manager.

On my probation review day, 21st June, I had a brief talk during my lunch with the assistant manager and he told me that the manager would like to extend the probation period by another 3 months to see how well you get on and if your performance is satisfactory, only then you will become permanent. I agreed to that and continued.

Today on the 17th July, my manager gave me a new contract which I have not signed it yet, on which it states completely different to what I was told on my probation review talk. The contract states the following rather than the extension of probation period by another 3 months:

  Your employment began on 22nd June 2017 and no previous employment
  counts as part of your continuous period of employment. Your
  employment is temporary and is expected to end on or before 21st
  September 2017. The Unfair Dismissal Acts 1977-2007 will not apply where the only reason for ending the contract is the expiry of the fixed term, or the completion of the specified purpose.

I have attached the old employment proof which proves that my induction date was on the 21st March 2017. I have also attached the new contract paper of 2 pages.

If you refer to the old attached file, it clearly states that my induction date was 21/03/2017, meaning that I am already an employee and the new contract paper states that my employment began on the 22nd June which is absolutely incorrect.

This new contract does not meet the conditions that were set on my probation review.

Also, by signing this contract and if I understood it correctly, it would mean that I was only hired for 3 months and therefore this will have an affect on my paid holiday entitlement as I will be considered an employee who worked for 3 months even though on the 21st July, it will be 4 months.

This new contract does not seem to make any sense at all as it will be undermining my paid holiday entitlement and I will get paid holidays only for 3 months rather than 6 months at the end of the contract and I am definitely sure that a lot of work ethics rules are being broken here as well as Organisation of Working Time Act, 1997 is being violated.

I would like to know if I am right in any case regarding this and what I can do? Shall I sign it away? What can I say to the manager or the HR to persuade them to alter this contract? Or is it that I do not have any choice but to sign it any way?

Also, by legal means how long do I have until I sign this contract paper?

I really appreciate the help.


texts: Landlord requiring rabies vaccination for a dog under 3 months old (California)

texts:
I'll be getting an ESA (Emotional Support Animal) at the beginning of February. The dog was born in December so he'll be around two months old when I get him. MY landlord requires a letter from a physician justifying the ESA, a California dog license, and rabies vaccinations. I have the letter from the physician justifying the ESA so no trouble there. However, when I bring the puppy home he'll be too young to get his rabies vaccination (needs to be 3 months at a minimum) meaning I can't produce a California dog license and rabies vaccination before he's living with me.

From what I've read online you must get a CA dog license within 5 months (https://www.sddac.com/content/sdc/das/license-laws/license.html) of it being born. I'm assuming it's written this way because of the rabies vaccination. There's not really much wiggle room on the rabies vaccination since vaccinating him too early could endanger the dog.

So is the landlord allowed to ask for rabies vaccination and subsequently a dog license when it's too young? Do I have any options? Is there anything that protects me in this situation? Thank you!

I found this online but not sure if it really helps in regards to pets and renting.

California Department of Public Health Compendium of U.S. Licensed Animal Rabies Vaccines 2008, and Their Application in Animals Under the California Rabies Control Program

(b) (1) Every dog owner, after his or her dog attains the age of four months, shall, at intervals of time not more often than once a year, as may be prescribed by the department, procure its vaccination by a licensed veterinarian with a canine antirabies vaccine approved by, and in a manner prescribed by, the department, unless a licensed veterinarian determines, on an annual basis, that a rabies vaccination would endanger the dog's life due to disease or other considerations that the veterinarian can verify and document. The responsible city, county, or city and county may specify the means by which the dog owner is required to provide proof of his or her dog's rabies vaccination, including, but not limited to, by electronic transmission or facsimile.

Update: My property manager and I agreed that if I can provide a letter from a vet saying he's too young that will suffice as a holdover until I'm able to provide the CA license and rabies vaccination


texts: Can Congress restrict which individuals are eligible to serve as federal judges?

texts:
Federal judges in the United States are appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate. The constitution does not impose any restrictions on who may be appointed and confirmed as a federal judge.
Where the constitution prescribes limitations on eligibility for the Presidency and Congress, those limitations have been held to be exhaustive (for example, term limits cannot be imposed on Congress because doing so would be inserting eligibility requirements in addition to those in the constitution).
If Article III is interpreted using a similar principle, then it means that notwithstanding any law to the contrary, the President may appoint, and the Senate may confirm, any living human as a federal judge, and the conflicting provisions in the law would be unconstitutional.

Is there precedent regarding this issue?
Have any legal experts opined about this issue?


texts: LoRaWAN: is it allowed to write that my product is compatible with LoRaWAN even if it is not certified by LoRa Alliance?

texts:
I have a question concerning LoRaWAN protocol:
Is it allowed to write that my product is compatible with LoRaWAN even if it is not certified by LoRa Alliance?
I do not know exactly what can I write in product specification? I am sure, that I cannot write that my product is LoRaWAN Certified if I have not certified it. But... Maybe I can write that my product is LoRaWAN compatible or just it uses LoRaWAN.
Would it violate any legal rules?


texts: Specific meaning of "or that is either" in an Arizona law

texts:
I was reading through ARS 15-1640 and it mentions (emphasis mine):

  A. The following records of a university under the jurisdiction of the
  Arizona board of regents are exempt from title 39, chapter 1, article
  2:

      1. Information or intellectual property that
  is not available to the public and that is a trade secret as defined
  in section 44-401  or that is either:

          (a) Contained in
  unfunded grant applications or proposals.

          (b) Developed by
  persons employed by a university, independent contractors working with
  a university or third parties that are collaborating with a
  university, if the disclosure of this data or material would be
  contrary to the best interests of this state.

          (c) Provided to a
  university by a third party pursuant to the terms and conditions of a
  contract between the university and the third party.  In order to
  qualify for the exemption prescribed in this subdivision, all of the
  following criteria must be met:

  [...]

In some places (like here) it looks like they interpret this sentence to mean "Intellectual property that is a trade secret as defined in section 44-401 and that is contained in any of the following", but to me, it looks like it is saying something along the lines of "Information or intellectual property as defined in 44-401 or meets one of the following conditions"

Which is correct? Or is there some third more subtle interpretation that is most correct?


texts: Does the FMLA cover mental health visits for franchise employees?

texts:
I have a friend who's tried to commit suicide a couple of times. He works at a fast food franchise that insists on scheduling him during the only time he can go visit with a counselor.

I know FMLA only requires places with 50 or more employees - do franchises bypass this requirement? And if not, does the FMLA protect visits for mental health reasons?

We're in Arkansas if that makes any difference.


texts: Forming an LLC in Idaho: Is programming professional?

texts:
I'm forming an LLC in Idaho for a software development / consulting business. I'm planning to go directly through the Secretary of State.

I see two different forms: A "Certificate of Organization Limited Liability Company" and a "Certificate of Organization Professional Limited Liability Company"

The "professional" one has this description:

  “Professions shall be held to include the practices of architecture, chiropractic, dentistry, engineering, landscape architecture, law, medicine, nursing, occupational therapy, optometry, physical therapy, podiatry, professional geology, psychology, certified or licensed public accountancy, social work, surveying and veterinary medicine, and no others.” [30-6-102, Idaho Code]

I'm not sure if programming / software development would fall under this - would it be "engineering"? Idaho Code 30-6-102 doesn't shed much light on the subject. Although I didn't read the whole thing, it has the exact same paragraph under definition 20.

Which should I use to file for my LLC? Why?


texts: Power of termination: how is it different from executory interest?

texts:
In CA, all defeasible fees are known as fees simple subject to a condition subsequent, and all executory interests reserved by the grantor after granting such fees are known as powers of termination.

Under common law, it is not permitted to create a defeasible estate (akin to the FSSCS) where the elective right of entry or power of termination was held from its inception by a third party (CA is the exception)

How is this possible? Isn't power of termination the same as executory interest? A third party is allowed to have an executory interest from the inception of the estate. So what gives? What is so special about power of termination? And isn't power of termination unique to CA? Why would other states not permit it if it has nothing to do with them?


texts: Is there a legal theory for criminally negligent pandemic damages?

texts:
Like most Americans, I am economically harmed by the current restrictions in place to cope with the SARS-nCov-2 pandemic.  However, the variety of outcomes in different countries around the world show that the outbreak conditions in the United States are, to a large extent, avoidable.  And thus, it is quite apparent to me that the severity of the restrictions is a direct consequence of a subset of the population which refuses to participate in basic public health measures, such as wearing of masks, social distancing, avoiding indoor gatherings, etc.
Is there a legal basis for filing a lawsuit against such individuals, preferably as a defendant class-action suit? In particular, I think there is more than enough scientific data to demonstrate that anti-mask protesters et al are dramatically increasing the severity of the epidemic in way which can be demonstrated to most legal standards of proof.  Therefore, I would like to collect damages from said individuals.  I assume this would be some kind of tort claim, or perhaps criminal negligence, but am not aware of where to start, or whether this is feasible.
In the limit, I would very much appreciate for the US gov't to take this case upon itself, sue all relevant parties (i.e., people who have publicly refused to wear masks when mandated, attended large parties in contravention of emergency orders, etc.) and use recovered damages to pay for the bailouts currently making their way through Congress.  I estimate that if 30% of the population falls within this class, then damages in the range of $30-40,000 each is sufficient to pay for the already-passed round of bailouts (CARES Act, etc.).  Probably another $30,000 is sufficient to pay for the next round.  As a taxpayer, I find it highly unjust that I am expected to help shoulder this burden when the deliberate actions of other citizens produces the majority of the epidemic growth.  If the gov't is not willing to file such a suit, I am curious whether it is feasible to do so myself.


texts: For how long (maximum) are Georgia's state election board emergency rules valid?

texts:
It's been the news in the Trump-leaning media that Georgia's RULE 183-1-14-0.6-.14 Secure Absentee Ballot Drop Boxes had expired prior to the Nov election, allegedly because no such emergency rule can be valid for more than 120 days and it was last adopted/modified on Jun 1st.

Under Georgia law, emergency rules adopted by any state agency or regulatory body automatically expire 120 days after their adoption(see § 50-13-4-b).

On the other hand, I've seen mentioned in the press twice that that rule was valid for a bit more, approximately 6 months. This was said in relation to both the June 1 modification/extension:

Processing absentee ballots- Some of the changes we’re making are getting rid of reference to June 9. Dropbox rule- One change is the deleting the reference to the June 9 election only. It will still be an emergency rule in place for six months. To make it permanent we would have to go over the rule making process which I envision us doing.

and in relation to the Nov 23 one.

Drop boxes will remain stationed at county elections offices and certain polling locations. Registered voters are able to avoid in-person interaction and mailing in their ballots if they use the drop box associated with their county. The board extended this rule to February 5, falling short of the six-month emergency rule provision.

So, who is right here? Can the Board only issue emergency rules valid for max 120 days? Or up to 6 months? What would be the legal basis of the latter?
I'll note that in response to a lawsuit (on another matter--the Prompt Notification Rule [for absentee ballot rejections] 183-1-14-.13), Georgia's
Attorney General's office recognizes that § 50-13 applies to (at least some) rules issued by the state election board:

The Georgia Administrative Procedure Act, O.C.G.A. §§ 50-13-1 through
50-13-44, specifically provides a framework for the General Assembly to review
and acquiesce in the rules promulgated by regulatory bodies such as the State
Election Board.

So, the question is then one of interpretation of those provisions, I suppose.


texts: Can you collect lottery winnings if you live in a state that does not participate?

texts: I live in a state that does not participate in the lottery (Powerball, Mega, etc). If I drive over to another neighboring state that does participate, buy a lottery ticket, and win, is there anything that will prevent me from receiving the prize?


texts: Would it be illegal to include a Disney character's name in my business's Name?

texts: For example, "Bambi Publishing" or "Pinocchio Publishing?"


texts: Do I have a claim for false promises by employer?

texts: I am employed by the United States Postal Service.  I interviewed for a promotion.  Prior to accepting the promotion I negotiated a Salary increase of 10%.  When the promotion was processed I only received 8%.  The hiring manager confirmed via email that she had agreed tot he 10% raise. Do I have any claim of false promise by employer?


texts: What is the legal standard which would make a request to investigate "improper"?

texts:
On May 3rd, 2019, Kamala Harris tweeted:

  I'm calling on the DOJ Inspector General to investigate whether the White House improperly ordered or pressured Barr to investigate the president's perceived enemies.

If there is a discussion about whether the President's "perceived enemies" acted outside of the bounds of the law, and subsequently, AG considers investigating them, what could make such a discussion "improper"?

Surely simply being political "enemies" (I assume she meant "opponents") of the President, in itself, is not enough to make any of their actions unrestricted by laws.

Is there a legal standard for what an IG would have to discover to make such a discussion "improper"?

Edit
On, May 19th, 2019, Kamala Harris tweeted regarding this issue again:

  The president all but confirmed today that he improperly asked the DOJ to prosecute John Kerry.

So, presumably the President has not yet confirmed it. But I still can't understand the word "improper" in this context.  Is that the same as "illegal"?  "Unethical"?  "Not in accordance with the proper procedure"?  What type of determination is DOJ Inspector General expected to make in response to her question?


texts:
Let say that captcha is a picture that prevents automated programs to do a certain task. Now imagine that we have a service in which some people works to solve some captchas. These captchas are sent by other people and/or by their program for the purpose that we don't know.

People who work are get some money and who ask their captcha to be solved pay some funds. So by this way, not only the owner of the farm get some money but the solvers who might not have a real job get money too.
So my question is this, are these farms illegal? (in USA, UK and Canada) of so which law they break?


texts: Legality of Big Tobacco moving into Big Marijuana?

texts:
I've been doing some research for a presentation I'm going to do. The proposition would be that a Big Tobacco company (Altria - Phillip Morris) transition into growing and distributing marijuana.

My research has led to a lot of skepticism mainly around legality, but also that big tobacco companies are selling a completely different product and prefer to not get more scrutiny and regulations over marijuana.

However, my plan only needs to be viable. I am curious about the legality of Altria from getting into this.

Would Altria be able to incorporate a completely new company/open a subsidiary that would operate marijuana growing operations in states that have legalized some form of marijuana? I know that controlling interest in a firm rolls up to the balance sheet of Altria so just wanted to know this wouldn't be an issue.

We are looking to target one state that could produce and allow us to legally distribute to all other legalized states (NW Region for Washington, Oregon, California, etc).

The industry right now is running into commerce issues because banks are federally regulated, credit/debit/bank cards can't by used, so they only operate in cash.


texts: Robert Kraft - what is the reason for the prosecution's offered deal?

texts:
After reading this article about Robert Kraft (football team owner allegedly caught having sex with a prostitute in a spa), it appears that the prosecution offered Robert Kraft a decent deal:

He has to "admit that he would have been found guilty had the case gone to trial",
and in exchange his only punishment (aside from the NFL's own internal discipline), would be:

take an education course on prostitution
complete 100 hours of community service
subject himself to an STD screening test
pay some court costs.

Presumably he's already familiar enough with prostitution, so doesn't need to be educated on it, but my real two questions are:

Why would prosecutors in-general want someone to admit they "would have been" found guilty, "if the case had gone to trial"? Why not just offer the deal in exchange for a guilty plea? How does it benefit the government for an admittance someone would've lost a trial?

Why does the government demand someone subject themselves to an STD screening? That just seems like an attempt to publicly humiliate that person. If the government legitimately is worried about the spread of STDs, and thinks someone likely has one, why don't they just say so, and advise that person to get a test? Isn't this an unnecessary intrusion into someone's personal medical decisions?


texts: Access to sensitive information of employees as a fellow employee

texts:
I'm a programmer who works closely with an engineering firm to create tools for the automation of business processes.

One of which I'm working on currently requires that have the access (although I will actively avoid accessing,) of some of my fellow co-workers sensitive data, like billable hours, billable rate, among other information, through an API.

I want to make sure that I take proper measures to ensure that I am in good legal standing before obtaining access to such information. What measures should I take to make sure that I have legal access to such data?


texts: civil liability insurance in the UK (for an individual)

texts:
I am a French national living in the UK. My experience is that in France, something called "civil responsibility insurance" (assurance responsabilite civile) is not only commonplace but mandatory to go to school, uni, get a job, etc.

I have been renting for years and according to my research, only the landlord has to have an insurance. The occupier may also insure their belongings but that's optional.

So what happens if, say, a candle falls over and I burn my flat? What if a flower pot falls from my windowsill and accidentally kills someone? What if my trolley bumps into an old lady at the supermarket and I break her hip? What if I walk on my friend's glasses and break them?

For all this, the civil liability insurance would come into play in France. I have been googling to find something similar for the UK but mostly what I find is about businesses or professionals insuring themselves, not individual.

Does it exist for individual? If yes, is it mandatory?
What will happen in the examples above if I don't such insurance?
As it seems not to be commonplace, I am wondering... Is it for some reason not useful in the UK?


texts: Can I attribute my game to a game studio that isn't registered as an LLC, INC, etc

texts:
I asked a somewhat related question over here.

There reason I want to attribute my game to a "random studio" is for the sole purpose of getting a domain with the same name as my studio and point everyone who is interested to go there and to let people know what I'm up to. My other option is to just grab a domain that has the same name as my game but I figured that might cost too much in the long run if I have to do that for every game I publish. I figured it might cost less if I just get a domain bearing my studio's name and add any future games I make as a subdomain.  (ie. mygame.mystudio.com)

Another option would be to just get a domain using my name but would http://mygame.johndoe.com look professional to look at?

But according to the responses I got from my first question, it would be nonsensical to attribute my game to a company that doesn't exist.

If my game generates any money, I do plan on registering the studio name attached to my game as an LLC,INC, etc. but right now, I can't really afford to do it.


texts: Why is Sim Lim Scammer in Jail even though technically his victims agree?

texts:
https://coconuts.co/singapore/news/33-months-jail-sim-lim-square-conman-jover-chew-whos-getting-treatment-depression/

Sim Lim scammer is in jail for "scamming". That one is obvious. We sort of know that he is scamming.

But how he scammed seems pretty legit

He obfuscate unreasonable terms deep within a thick contract.

Basically people buy iPhone. Then he ask people to sign a contract that they agree to pay $1500 worth of insurance. People buy it and lost thousands of dollars.

Yes. This guy is a scammer. There is no doubt.

But the victim technically sign an agreement.

So what crime laws does the Singaporean government use against this Sim Lim scammer?

How would this be different in many other countries?

I've heard in insurance industry, some people sell insurance at price 100 times the normal price. The strategy is similar, namely contract obfuscation.

Is there a law that makes certain contracts unnecessarily complex for purpose of obfuscation a crime?


texts: I have an Master Service Agreement without Statement of Work, is it valid?

texts:
Full Story I started working as indepent contractor for WeJustHiredYou INC. WeJustHiredYou provides software developers to RealClient. I have an MSA with WeJustHiredYou, but I always worked, for RealClient.

There's no Statement of Work, or any quote to RealClient in my Master Service Agreement. There's no relationship other than the payment and the MSA with WeJustHiredYou.

There's an MSA between WeJustHiredYou (provider) and RealClient B(Client) that states that RealClient will never attempt to hire neither an employee/contractor or any company that involves neither an employee or a contractor.

I've opened an LLC ImFree LLC to try to get my payment directly from RealClient without the WeJustHiredYou company taking his cut.

Is it possible? I want to waive that clause, as I was actually being hired by the RealClient and never got any kind of relationship, not even the Statement of Work from WeJustHiredYou

  Clarification: there is no Statement of Work, I just have a Master
  Agreement that speaks about and Statement of Work that is not present
  at all in the contract, neither is the payment, or the term.


texts: Is it a copyright infringement to publish a screen capture video of the editing of copyrighted material on Youtube?

texts:
My son has a lot of fun editing pictures of thoroughly tattooed celebrities in Photoshop, removing their tattoos, earrings, piercings, and whatnot.

Recently, he started recording the editing process with a screen capture program, and yesterday he published his first video to Youtube, thus documenting an editing process in 5x speed.

This made me wonder: What does the law have to say about a screen recording that captures an editing process like this? Can my son go ahead and do that?


texts: Right to personal data on youtube : what if account is banned

texts:
Since GDPR at least we have the right to access and get the data we generated on websites like Facebook or Google (our history, likes, almost everything).
My question is : what happens if Facebook or Google decides to suspend or ban your account ?
Does it abolish your right to access your personal data ? Is it legal for them to suspend your right
Thanks in advance,


texts:
I have an uncle in China who is trying to make some investments in Canada. As you may know, there are foreign exchange controls in China, but everybody goes around them. One easy to do it is to match up money coming into China with money going out of China.

I'm trying to help him move the money out (+$1 million USD). It seems the transaction would need to go through my Hong Kong bank account. I would then need to wire it back to the US into my US account. Then to the project.

Would helping him this way violate any US laws?


texts: Is there legal basis to sue a newspaper for potential health risking advice?

texts:
In an online news site (or a regular newspaper), under its "Health" section, there are sometimes extremely dubious articles published. Some of them contain nutrition advice which poses a potential health risk to anyone who follows it. They might belong to the alternative medicine school at best.

As an example, a few months ago an article was published by a nutritionist advising readers to immediately stop consuming any and all dairy products. There were some (unreferenced, generally viewed as incorrect) reasons why this is important to do. The author also advised to consume calcium through deer horns and turtle shells because these apparently have a higher calcium absorption rate than dairy products1.

I'm not interested in opening a discussion on the contents of this article, but rather on what an individual can do to stop a newspaper from publishing potential health risking articles. To make the idea clearer, imagine an article which advises the readers to consume cyanide and suppose no one actually follows the advice, can a reader sue or file a complaint with a legal basis against publishing of such content? What laws should one look at?

In the case I gave above, I wrote to the editorial staff a complaint letter, but was completely ignored.

1 While it might be true, by taking the numbers supplied in the article itself I calculated that since dairy products contain more calcium overall, even with lower absorption rates the amount of calcium absorbed is many times greater.


texts: Why might Martin Shkreli's lawyer announce to the public that he's silencing him?

texts:
From http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/02/03/hated-ceo-martin-shkreli-told-zip/79757802/:

Shkreli's lawyer said:

  "He is not making any more statements. Zero,"

Obviously he's not obliged to say this to the press, and as far as I can see it would only generate a negative response (i.e. his lawyer doesn't trust Shkreli to not say anything stupid) towards him. Even though he's arguably correct - why go public? Isn't this damaging both Shkreli's image and their relationship?


texts: Can a car owner be looked up by registration plate in the event of a theft?

texts:
Specifically for Ireland.

I recently witnessed a man taking a camera that someone had left behind on a bench in my local village. I confronted the man and he immediately told me that he was planning on taking it to the local police station. I advised him to bring it up to the local shop as people would be more likely to inquire for lost items there. He looked like a respectable man and because he was straight with me when I confronted him I decided to trust that he would do what he said.

I didn't think of it until after he drove away, but luckily my friend had memorized the registration number of the car. I made a note of this information on my phone.

About 5 minutes after this, four Italian tourists came up to me and my friend and asked had we seen a camera, and we told them what had happened. The guy never brought the camera to the local shop and the police station was closed, so he couldn't have possibly dropped it in. (being a rural village in Ireland, there is no real need for full time police)

So, 3 questions:

Does this count as theft?
Can the man who owns the car be identified by registration number?
Should I have taken the camera myself and dropped it into the shop?

I feel bad for the guys. It was clearly a nice camera as well.

I gave the Italians the registration number and advised them to go to the nearest police station, 10km away.


texts:
I'm working on understanding some topics from contract law -- specifically about delegation (a type of contract assignment).  Let's say the client bought a kit to build something and then realized he didn't have the tools or skills needed to put it together, so he hires A to build it for him.  (Craftsmanship isn't an issue here.)

Now A delegates the job to B.  B does the job and tries to deliver the finished object to the client, who gets in a snit because he wasn't told about the delegation (he didn't realize they didn't have to tell him).  The client refuses to accept the delivery and doesn't pay.

Whom can B sue for nonpayment?  I'm thinking both A and the client but I'm not sure.

If B does shoddy work, can the client sue B?  (Obviously, the client can sue A, but I'm not sure if he can also sue B.)


texts: 'Click To Agree' Terms of Services And Other Digital Agreements

texts:
I've seen countless TOS/EULA/Legal agreements that basically say, 'Click here to Agree'.

What legal implication (if any) is there if I circumvent the action of clicking on that link/checkbox/button?

As a teenager, I'd always use keyboard shortcuts to continue the installer/or enter the website.  I figured that, since I didn't 'click' with a mouse, I didn't agree.  Sure, I pressed tab, tab, enter, but that is not a click.  At least, that's what I'd tell myself.

I'm older now, and I can come up with far more elaborate ways to advance the installer without actually clicking.  I can use Win32API calls to simulate a click, or I can use Javascript to send plain text up to the server that will let it continue, or use a debugger to just completely jump over the code that checks for my agreement.

From a legal perspective - does any of that matter?  If the screen says, 'Click to continue' and I drop my cat on the keyboard 50 times until the screen advances, have I avoided the agreement?  Or am I just a crazy guy throwing my cat around the office?


texts:
I plan to develop and sell a commercial, closed source application and I want to use MySQL to store data.
 The application will be written in C++ and the MySQL server will be installed on end user's computer from official MySQL Website.

I also plan to use the MySQL Connector (which will be linked dynamically) on my application so it can store and retrieve data from the MySQL server.

The question is: can I use the Community version of MySQL which is under the GPL License, as long as I don't modify any of its code and the server is downloaded by the client, or do I still need the Commercial License?

Thanks in advance.


texts: Can I use Avenir Next (a font built-in to iOS) on an iOS app?

texts:
Avenir Next comes installed on every iPhone running iOS 9 and newer. Assuming my app only supports iOS 9 and up, is it permissible to style text with Avenir Next in my app?

The font isn’t embedded into the app itself— the app’s code bundle doesn’t contain the font file.

How has Apple licensed Avenir Next? Does their license permit them to allow apps on their phones to use the font? Furthermore, does Apple allow apps to use Avenir Next without a seperate license?


texts: I hit my head leaving a large commercial building and the security guards asked for my ID, phone number, and email - why?

texts:
Today I was leaving a large commercial building (~15 stories) and walked straight into the glass surrounding a revolving door, thinking that the opening was not so narrow.

I went to the security desk and asked to use the bathroom to clean myself up. The person I talked to gave me some bandages and let me use the bathroom to clean the blood off my face. Another security guard then took down my phone number, email, name, and asked for an ID. Why did they take this info down? Are they going to contact me?


texts: When I have the right to use/copy/publish/distribute/etc. content, does this also imply the right to license the content?

texts:
I have a website (hosted in the US) where users can publish their content. Per my terms of service, the users license their content to me so that I have the right to

use,
copy,
cache,
publish,
display,
distribute,
modify,
store, and
create derivative works of

this content.

Do these rights allow me to license this content under a public copyright license? Or would the list in my ToS have to explicitly contain "to (publicly) license"?

Example

Currently, I would display a user-generated poem (authored and uploaded by  the user named Matsuo Bashō) like this:

  Old pond
  frogs jumped in
  sound of water

  Author: Matsuo Bashō

If I’m allowed to license the poem, I would display it like this:

  Old pond
  frogs jumped in
  sound of water

  Author: Matsuo Bashō
  License: CC BY-SA 4.0


texts: Can a J-1 postdoc start a remote job abroad?

texts:
I am a postdoc in a US university on a J-1 visa.
I have found a tenure-track faculty position in Europe, and would like to start there soon.
However, it's not clear if I will be able to travel in time, and given that the coming semester will be taught remotely, I want to start while staying here.

Is it legal for a J-1 postdoc to have another job (with a non-US university)?

That is, I am hoping to be a part-time postdoc for several months and then move.
(I will be agreeing with my host on a reduced salary as I will be part time teaching in the other job).

Would it affect my spouse's J-2 work permit?


texts: What is the effect of a law which relies on false statements?

texts:
Under the Firearms Act of Canada, the SVD Dragunov is banned as a variant of the AK-47. The SVD is a completely different design which shares no important parts (a single screw in the buttstock), and you'd be hard pressed to find a firearm expert who would agree that it's a variant of any Kalashnikov design.
Here is the text:

The firearm of the design commonly known as the AK-47 rifle, and any variant or modified version of it except for the Valmet Hunter, the Valmet Hunter Auto and the Valmet M78 rifles, but including the:
(a) AK-74;
(b) AK Hunter;
(c) AKM;
(d) AKM-63;
(e) AKS-56S;
(f) AKS-56S-1;
(g) AKS-56S-2;
(h) AKS-74;
(i) AKS-84S-1;
(j) AMD-65;
(k) AR Model .223;
(l) Dragunov;
...

It seems to me this would be equivalent to say, a law banning steam locomotives specifically naming the Ford Mustang as a steam locomotive. While a Ford Mustang shares some common traits with a steam locomotive, such as being motorized transport that requires fuel, it's quite obvious that a Ford Mustang is not a steam locomotive.
I'm specifically looking for examples in common-law countries where this sort of thing has been challenged or ruled on instead of being ignored.


texts:
Assume a person, who has a net worth of ₹1 billion; pirates and resells software worth ₹2 billion. A lawsuit is filed against that person and about ₹1 billion can be recovered.  Is it possible to ask for an investigation in to, and compensation from, all who those received the pirated software for one more billion?
Will the lawsuit continue or end at that person, or will it continue to the recipients?


texts: Is government housing for an undocumented resident a risk?

texts:
I live next to a government aided apartment complex (called APAH). I know of some people that would really benefit from living there with the reduced rent. The problem is that I don’t know if they are here in the US legally and I don’t want to ask them if they are because it’s pretty uncomfortable. But I also don’t want to tell them to apply because they could get deported from giving their information to the housing complex who could turn them into ICE. So my question is, does government aided housing require the residents to be legal residents? And if they find out someone doesn’t have legal documents, are they obligated to record their information with the government, which could end up in their getting deported?

Thanks for the advice


texts: Can a dentist charge for a treatment without written paperwork?

texts:
I just came back from a dentist appointment.

I signed a paperwork that says two inlays and three onlays. When I was under local anesthesia for deep cleaning, my dentist told me that he/she found one more cavity and asked me if he/she can take that out without explaining in detail. I simply answered 'yes'.

When I came out, I noticed that the paperwork was changed to add $700. I asked about it and he/she told me that $700 is for the cavity he/she found during the procedure.

I was under the impression that he/she was simply taking out a little bit of cavity, but he/she decided that I need an extra inlay for the cavity he/she found.

Can a dentist perform a procedure without a written paperwork and charge a client?


texts: Are there precedents where attorneys have been punished for plagiarism in their court filings?

texts:
Let's assume that plaintiff and his attorney wrote a complaint and sued you in a state court. You later discover that plaintiff has brutally copy pasted multiple paragraphs from a different, unrelated complaint filed several years ago by a different attorney that he does not even know.

Are there precedents where attorneys that have heavily borrowed multiple paragraphs from other complaints have ever been punished? Do there have to be gotchas (e.g. misfactual information presented in copy-paste'd complaint)?


texts: Are Brazilian companies allowed to store the first 6 digits of my card number?

texts:
I tried buying a bus ticket online from a bus company from Brazil and the payment failed.

However, in the history of payments the failed transaction shows the first 6 and the last 4 digits of my card number:

 CARD: 123123******1234
 Operator: VISA

I am now wondering if they actually store the full information about my card details (e.g. expire date and CVV code).

Is this okay from a legal point of view? Usually I know companies can store the last 4 digits, but have not seen so far storing the first 6 digits.


texts: Must Terms of Service be written by a lawyer?

texts:
I'm a programmer making a messaging service. And although I can get the software parts sorted out easily, I'm not really sure about the legal bits.
In particular, I'm not sure whether my Terms of Service (ToS) have to be written by a professional lawyer. Of course, I do understand that such a document written by a person knowledgeable in their field is certainly going to be better than anything I'm capable of writing at the moment, but is this absolutely required to be considered a valid document in most jurisdictions, most notably, the European Union?


texts: Legal remedies for being banned from a school system

texts:
I was banned from a school system for providing behavior interventions to students without the administration's approval.  The Board's attorney banned me using a trespassing statute.
I never trespassed since I was asked to come to the teacher's classroom by the teacher. She invited me to mentor students who were having behavior problems.
The principal informed me that the Supt. and Board of Education's Attorney conspired to ban me because the Supt. was upset about a book that I had released and my advocacy work that resulted in the system being taken to court. This is the third year of my ban. I have asked for a hearing, and The Board of Education refuses to give me one. According to one member, their attorney told them that they had to ban me.
What legal remedies are available to me? I have tried to patiently work with the system, but I would not like to litigate the issue. The attorney wrote a letter to my local court informing them of my ban, which resulted in me being removed from my CASA cases. I have been humiliated, which I am sure was the Supt.'s goal.  Can anything be done?


texts: Is it legal to host a website that gives users access to database leaks and guides on how to do illegal things?

texts: Is it legal to own and operate a website that would host database leaks, accounts lists, Anarchist's Cookbook (guides on making bombs etc, drugs and more), and guides on stealing credit card info and other things such as DOXing?


texts: Pay for unused vacation: Can India employer refuse to encash leaves?

texts:
I work for a small tech company (9 employees) in India. My appointment letter states that I get 2 days of leave for every month of service rendered. I have accumulated 20.5 days of unused leave over the last 2 years. I submitted my notice of resignation two months back (2 months notice period as per appointment letter). The two months notice ends in a few days. Now, the Founder/CEO says that my leaves will not be encashed since the company does not have a leave encashment policy.

My question is: Can my employer legally refuse to encash my leaves?

Please let me know if any more information is required.


texts: Exploiting a bug in bitcoin is unethical, but is it illegal?

texts:
Suppose I found a bug in bitcoin or any other cryptocurrency that allows me to create as many coins as I want.  What would be the legal implications in jurisdictions like:

USA

Europe (UK, Germany, France)

Asia (China, India, Russia)


texts: Is web scraping content from the web illegal ?

texts:
I would like to create a service that gathers contents from other news websites and display them in a way that may not necessarily be violating the source's terms.

The intent is to aggregate data that I cannot provide myself (lack of resources, knowledge, time) but at the same time I want to respect the source by only showing the opening paragraph (RSS style) and link back to the source.

I keep having a bad conscience about this approach, but then again I'd need to aggregate the data in some way or another.

I keep reading that web scraping is ubiquitous nowadays and that everybody does it.


texts: Can people use an LLC in Delaware to legally avoid tax in his home country?

texts:
Say I am a citizen of Malaysia.

I am thinking of either opening a corporation in Seychelles or Delaware LLC.

As far as I know, both are tax free, cheap, and stuff. Delaware LLC is even cheaper.

Delaware LLC, for tax purpose, is a tax "flow" entities. So if you're an american citizen, you will pay tax as if the income of the LLC is your income.

But what about if you are a citizen in other country? From say, Malaysian's point of view, is delaware LLC any different than Seychelles corporation? Both are just foreign entities right?

Must you pay tax for any income the delaware LLC have? Assuming you don't repatriate, etc.

Note: LLC is a flow through entities. Basically if I were american citizen the tax will flow through as if I don't have LLC. However, given that I am not an american citizen the tax will flow through a foreign entity. From US/Delaware points of view, the tax flow through outside. From my country points of view, an LLC in delaware owns tax. So no body claims they can tax me.

That's the idea.


texts: Can POTUS make FDA approve a drug (such as hydroxychloroquine), or make it available over the counter?

texts:
President Trump is known to have taken hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as a prophylactic against COVID-19.
Some prominent medical scientists also came out in support of HCQ for outpatients (as opposed to inpatients, where it's considered ineffective). Yale professor of epidemiology, Dr. Harvey A. Risch stated that he believes that ~100,000 American lives would be saved by HCQ.

The FDA initially authorized HCQ for inpatients, but later revoked this authorization. It's currently prescription-only for certain diseases other than COVID-19 (malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus)
The issue has been politicized and beset by controversy and fraud.
What I'd like to know is if POTUS has the power to compel the FDA to issue an emergency use authorization or to make HCQ available over the counter?


texts: In the US, can a manufacturer enforce how their products are used?

texts:
Petzl (a company manufacturing outdoors equipment) has the following statement on their website:

  Self-belaying is prohibited!

  We cannot ignore the fact that some people use the GRIGRI as a
  self-belay device. Many internet sites give tips on modifying your
  device for this use.

  Above all, this technique increases the risks to the climber. Firstly,
  the climber does not hold the brake side of the rope.

  Additionally, in case of a fall ,the GRIGRI can be blocked against the
  rock, the positioning system (positioning strap), or other, thus
  negating its braking function. The climber could fall to the ground.
  Finally, remember that any product modification outside of Petzl
  facilities is formally prohibited (see Instructions for Use).

  Self-belaying with the GRIGRI is prohibited.

Are these provisions actually enforceable, in accordance to US law? If it matters, Petzl products are sold in regular stores that don't require customers to sign an explicit waiver before making a purchase.


texts: Accidentally hit someone's car with a branch, made minor dent, unable to pay damages, what can he do to me?

texts:
I am a 15 year old student.

While walking with my friends, an event transpired that resulted in a branch hitting a car (it was not a malicious act) and leaving a minor to medium sized dent. After I was confronted by the owner I immediately was honest and gave him my name and my phone number (First name only) and said I would try to pay damages, however, I believe I am unable to do so, and telling my parents would be out of the question. Provided he has my first name and my number, and he knows the school that I go to, what could he do to me? Am I under any legal obligation, being a minor? What do I have to do? note: I was well mannered and did apologise profusely.


texts: Envelope stuffing job advertisements in usa

texts: If an advertisement for a job stuffing envelopes is fraudulent(which i suspect will usually be the case), does that fraud fall under a mail fraud statute? Is that something that the post office is in charge of investigating? Also, if a social network or website of any kind was paid to allow that kind of advertising, would they be obliged to report it to authorities? Also, if a school, such as a university, has bulletin boards around campus where ads can be posted with permission and a date stamp, is the office involved supposed  to refuse the ad?


texts: Asbestos found in home after closing - any rectification?

texts:
The home was built in 1978. There was nothing in the disclosures and while I did have an inspection that noted flaws in the ceiling and noted the construction as drywall the risk of asbestos was not risen at the time.

Fast forward and after closing in preparation of updating the home it was brought to my attention that popcorn ceilings around the time period could contain asbestos. I've had the material tested and confirmed, it does in fact contain 4% asbestos. (Above the EPA threshold to be considered dangerous.)

Am I looking at a costly learning experience, and a quick history lesson, or is this a "material" flaw I could have expected the seller to be aware of or the inspector to have provided some insight here? Do I have grounds for financial compensation as an uninformed purchaser?


texts: Initial Coin Offering restrictions for Non-Resident Aliens (F-1 Student)

texts:
United States residents who are not accredited investors are often not allowed to participate in Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) which are not public offerings for the purpose of U.S. Securities laws.

Are there such restriction for F-1 students who have been in the US for less than 5 years, who are non-resident aliens for tax purposes and are actually not citizens of the US but are citizens of another country?


texts: Is this excerpt from a classical piece copyrighted?

texts:
I am writing a progressive rock song of around 10 minutes in length. For the first two minutes, I play Shostakovich's Fugue in A Major. This piece is not in public domain, so I know I have to make some changes in order for it to be considered different. So, to change it, I have changed the instrument from piano to electric piano, and added bass guitar and drums.

I'm aware that there is somewhat of a fuzzy line between what can be copyright claimed and what is safe. So, to stay on the safe side, what would I have to do to prevent myself from being copyright claimed?

I could relegate it to the background, and have sound effects be the main sound for the period of time that I have this excerpt in the music, but I would only be open to this if that was the absolute only way I could get away with it.

My main source of concern is due to the recent influx in copyright claims over songs that share a few notes in common, but seeing as this is a classical piece and not a pop song written by people who want money from baseless claims, I'm under the impression that I'd have a little wiggle room with my interpretation of the piece.


texts: How do I read a U.S. case citation and find the text of the opinion?

texts:
In something like this:

  "We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place." Brown v. Bd. of Educ.,
  347 U.S. 483, 495 (1954)".

What is that cryptic thing after the quotation marks? How do I understand what it says? Is there somewhere I can go to read these cases, or read about them?


texts: In the case that multiple wills with conflicting terms are left, which one prevails?

texts:
Suppose I die and, on the day before, I have signed two wills with conflicting terms.

If, for some reason, it is not possible to determine which of these was signed first, which terms will prevail? How is this decided?


texts: Can a change in interpretation of the 14th amendment apply only to future births?

texts:
The administration is currently rumored to be considering asserting an interpretation of the 14th amendment to hold that it does not grant citizenship to the US-born children of illegal immigrants.  I find it highly unlikely that such an interpretation would stand up to a court challenge, but suppose it did.  Further suppose that the administration endeavors to apply this interpretation only to those people who were born after the order took effect.

Now consider two children, A and B, both born of illegal immigrant parents in the US.  Child A was born before the order took effect, and the administration counts her as a US citizen, issuing a passport on her parents' application.  Child B was born after the order took effect, and her parents' application for her passport is refused.

Does child B have an equal protection (or other) claim here, to compel the State Department to issue a passport?

More generally, would it be possible to assert a change in interpretation that applies only to future births, and if so, how?


texts: If D leases a house to C for C's promise to renovate it personally, why can't D get specific performance of C's obligation?

texts:
Richard and Damian Taylor. Contract Law Directions (2019 7 ed).  p 337.

  The question has arisen whether mutuality needs to have been present from the outset—from
  the time of entering into the contract—or only by the time of enforcing it. The nineteenth-century
  formulation (in Fry on Specific Performance) expressed the doctrine as requiring that
  the remedy of specific performance should have been potentially available to either party at the
  time the contract is made.

  [Example] Mutuality from the outset

  D agrees to grant a lease of a house to C in return for C’s promise personally to renovate
  the house. D’s promise could not be specifically enforced against D [1.] since [2.] D would not be
  able to get specific performance of C’s obligation to renovate (it being a personal obligation).
  Furthermore, following Fry, the objection of lack of mutuality would still persist even
  if C had already done the renovation because the mutuality had to exist at the time of
  formation of the contract.

This is a typo right? This ought be C.
I don't understand the emboldened phrase. Unquestionably this is a contract?

D's promise (grant of a lease) is consideration for C's promise to renovate, and C's promise is consideration for D's promise.

This example is readying the reader for this case  in the bottom para. ibid.

  This view was confirmed by the Court of Appeal in Price v Strange [[1977] 3 W.L.R. 943]. The trial judge held
  that specific performance of an agreement to grant an underlease of a flat could not be ordered
  against the defendant because specific performance could not have been ordered against the
  claimant who had contracted to repair and decorate the flat (following Fry’s approach). The
  Court of Appeal reversed this decision and granted specific performance of the underlease
  since the claimant had done the repairs and decoration until he had been prevented from doing
  so by the defendant, and he had promised to pay to the defendant the cost of completing the
  repairs he had not done. There was therefore no danger of the defendant being left high and
  dry after complying with the court’s order of specific performance.


texts: Can President of the United States pardon himself if convicted of treason or some other wrong doing?

texts: I wanted to know whether the POTUS could pardon himself if he/she is criminally charged with treason or some other wrong doing.


texts:
Imagine hiring an artist to view a series of photographs of a famous celebrity or corporate executive - John doe, for example - then create an original drawing - not a derivative, but a unique work of art that's legal.

Now imagine selling some of your artwork on a website. Maybe you have a separate web page with the heading "Pictures of John Doe," featuring half a dozen pictures the artist created for you.

Again, each individual image is legal; you can personally use them on your website or in a book. I assume it would also be legal to allow others to use them free of charge; you could put them in the public domain or license them under Creative Commons, for example.

But can you legally charge a fee for such pictures?


texts: Why is PayPal blocking my account according to U.S. tax law, if I've a UK account only?

texts:
I've opened PayPal account for my business and in My Profile I've clearly selected the UK address. My phone is UK, my bank accounts are UK and the balance is shown in GBP. So this is very clear to PayPal that my account is UK based.
However I've received the following e-mail which says:

Your account access will remain limited until you add more information about your business.
Why do I need to add this information?
The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), a U.S. tax law, requires financial institutions like PayPal to collect additional information from customers when a new business account is opened. You need to add this information even if your business or your customers are not United States taxpayers or located in the United States. We collect this information for regulatory and compliance purposes.

By adding "more information" they mean to download U.S. form W-8BEN-E, fill it in completely and upload or fax it to PayPal, however I don't want to fill some U.S. form, simply because I'm not from the U.S and I don't want to share my confidential personal details with the foreign country. To clarify, my business doesn't have any clients from the US and my business is registered in the UK. And as an owner of the business I've never been to the U.S.
So my question is, why am I affected by a U.S. tax law? Do I really need to comply with U.S. tax law (having the business in the UK)?

The above quote from the e-mail says that I need to add this information even though my business isn't located in the U.S. However on the FATCA FAQ page (requires log-in) it says:

For accounts held outside the United States that belong to non-US persons, financial institutions such as PayPal must gather information from account holders providing that they are not US persons.

For me this is contradictory to the previous quote (because here they ask me to prove I'm not a U.S. person) so I'm confused as to what I should do.
In other words, can my UK business somehow ignore FATCA requirements or not? Currently I'm forced to comply to the country compliance act tax (by filling W-8BEN-E) where I've nothing to do with it, which doesn't make any sense.


texts: Can a business owner make untrue statement about the performances of their business on their website?

texts:
Example: a law firm advertises on its website that 99% of H-1B Visa Application they fill are accepted. Is the law firm legally bounded to state the true number, or can it state any number they feel like it?

I am mostly interested in the United States.


texts: Could the US Senate confirm a new supreme court justice during the lame-duck period?

texts:
The Republicans are currently trying to confirm their candidate for the Supreme Court before the election. Today it was announced that the senate will be on break for a few days due to several corona cases. Suppose they do not get their candidate confirmed before election day.
Could the senate confirm a candidate in the time period after the election but before the new senate is sworn in? Does this depend in any way on whether the results of the election are already known and on whether the president or the senate majority changes?


texts: Can I legally post a pic of a trespasser on (Facebook for instance) who came onto my property while I was on vacation without my permission? Do not know this person and they did something on my roof but do not know what. The security camera surveillance could not capture what he did since he went above the sight of camera.


texts: Is it a crime to send a photocopy of a copy of my birth certificate?

texts:
I'll make this as short as possible.

Feds want proof of identity. I have a copy of my birth certificate. They want photocopies mailed to them. Birth certificate states that any reproduction of it is a felony. Is it a felony to send it to them then?


texts: Should terms in a contract be written in present tense?

texts:
What difference does it make when a term is expressed in present tense instead of future tense? For example:

  “The failure of to enforce a term does not imply the term has been
  waved”

Vs

  “The failure of to enforce a term will not imply the term has been
  waved”

Or

  “If x happens, all terms in section y shall apply”

vs

  “If x happens, all terms in section y shall be applied”


texts: Does an alchemist have a duty to disclose if they transmuted their gold?

texts:
If a person were to discover a method to transmute lead into gold easily, would they be required by law to disclose this information when selling it or exchanging it for currency?

The method used costs little energy and resources, and would devalue gold almost completely were the methodology exposed.  The Seller would carefully structure their supply and run a mine as a front to obfuscate the gold's origin.  They know what they are selling has no true value anymore, but act to prevent their buyers from learning this themselves.


texts: Why is it legal to look at pending stock orders for some participants

texts:
another question indicates that market participants can take a look at the orders for a stock, option or futures. An ordinary investor can only look at the BID and ASK, but not the entire series of pending orders.

I am sure( feeling) that algorithms etc can take advantage of that. My question is why is that legal and what does these large specific participants provide in return ?


texts: What happens when an ISP who was subpoenaed for an IP doesn't have their IP logs anymore?

texts: What if police wanted to find a copyright violator or someone who hacked or committed a worse crime in the United States and the ISP in question deleted there IP assignment logs. Then how would they catch them? Would they subpoena/warrant google and social media sites?


texts: Legal status of sodium pentothal (thiopental) in the United Kingdom

texts:
Is sodium pentothal (thiopental) legal in the United Kingdom? To be quite honest, I have not checked the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.

From Wikipedia.

  It was previously the first of three drugs administered during most lethal injections in the United States, but the U.S. manufacturer Hospira stopped manufacturing the drug and the EU banned the export of the drug for this purpose.

and there is another paragraph.

  After its use for execution of Jeffrey Landrigan in the U.S., the UK introduced a ban on the export of sodium thiopental in December 2010,[15] after it was established that no European supplies to the U.S. were being used for any other purpose.

I am also interested in the laws of other countries please.

Please answer this. I don't want edits, just answers and comments please.

Thank you
Steve.


texts: Prototype developed outside of work, employer wants me to finalize work in house. Do I automatically lose my IP?

texts:
I developed a prototype outside of work using my own materials and time. The end product would be very useful in my field of work so I showed it to my boss, who now wants me to finish development in house using his materials and paying me for my time. Will I automatically lose the rights (barring a written contract) to my invention if I begin this work, despite already creating a working prototype?
Edit: this is Colorado USA.


texts: Does a contract modification need all the elements of a contract?

texts:
Alice and Bob have a contract.

One day they mutually agree to modify it.

Does the modification need to have all the elements of a new contract? In particular, does it need to have a consideration on both sides?

Typical scenario is employee's annual pay rise. The employer raises the pay, the employee agrees. But what is his/her new consideration for the employer? Does the absence of one render the pay rise unenforceable?

(This question has been inspired by this one).