texts: Defendant pays witness to say "I don't remember". What can be done to prevent/deal with this?

texts:
Say Rob commits a crime against Bob, and Matt witnesses it.

Right after the incident Matt is outraged about what Rob did and sympathetic to Bob. He talks to Bob and assures him that he will tell the court what he saw. Bob takes Rob to the court.

Before the hearing, Rob approaches Matt and offers him a payment for saying "I don't remember" instead of telling the truth. Enticed by the money, Matt "forgets" what he saw, and Bob is about to lose the case.

What can be done to prevent Matt from doing that? Will it help if:

Bob secretly recorded his conversations with Matt (one-party consent
applies); and/or
Before Matt "forgot" everything, he told what he saw to other people, and they are happy to testify that?

Jurisdiction: New Zealand


texts: How are MIDI files of copyrighted music licensed?

texts:
Anyone with a music studio can easily download a .midi file from the internet, and then use it to produce a musical track.  A midi file  exists online for almost every song in the world, and you can do a song title search along with the keyword midi.  It's often an entire arrangement, everything one needs to produce a full blown song, all you need is further programming and studio equipment. One triggers various synthesizers to perform the contents of these .midi files, and it sounds like music.

Midi files contain every note that every instrument in the orchestra plays.  Is this "art" or merely raw data?  If I can obtain this data online, I won't have a lengthy data entry phase or need to do any composing, but it doesn't sound ethical or legal.

I'd have to get a license from the publisher to sell this new recording, of course.  But what about for using someone else's midi from the internet? How do I handle credit or licensing here?


texts:
Just now I am browsing videos on free porn streaming sites,
but I saw so many homemade porn contents are produced in India itself.

But According to Indian Penal Codes, Making porn in India is illegal. Why are producers not prosecuted for it?

Is producing porn partially legal in India?


texts: What role does the person who signs post incorporation paperwork have in the company?

texts:
I am a minor and my mother would be signing both the incorporation documents, I am under the impression there is no problem there as she would have no role.

Since she signed these documents, does she hold any additional duties or responsibilities as a result of that signature? How can she relinquish those responsibilities?


texts: Do we have a term for things that's technically legal but practically fraudulent?

texts:
For example, in Sim Lim cases, customers are tricked into signing a contract where they won't get their phones.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sim_Lim_Square

However, what the shop did is technically legal. I mean the customer sign a contract.

Technically, every time I offer people to download an e-book, for example, I can put terms that people agree to be my slave somewhere on the contract or pay me $1 million dollar. Not that it'll be enforceable in court, or is it?

Technically insurance agents can say that the whole money is invested. Somewhere deep in the contract there could be a term saying that there is a fee of 100% of all money put, for example. The last one is pretty real and happen a lot.

Another sample could be Trump's university. Most of people there is unhappy with the money.

So it's not technically a fraud. It's legal. Just like time share sells.

But it's not normal win win trade either.

So what is it?

Scam?


texts:
I have a fair working knowledge of copyright law and trademarks, but I'm not certain how business or company names are protected. If I apply to have "Spincity" designated a trademark in a particular class, then no one else can use "Spincity" to market clothing, for example.

So the only way to completely own or monopolize "Spincity" would be to register it for all classes.

So here's my question: How do I protect the name of my business or company?

For example, if the name of my company is "SkyRiver," does simply registering it with Washington's secretary of state prevent other people from creating a company with the same name in other states or countries? If not, could I protect it by incorporating it, or creating an LLC?

Even if I'm able to protect SkyRiver as a company name, my understanding is that other people could still adopt SkyRiver as a trademark (I think). I don't want people who register SkyRiver as a trademark to somehow impinge on my company name.


texts: Understanding an undefined period of repayment in employment contract w/r/t education tuition reimbursement

texts:
I may be a position to end my employment before completing a mandatory employment period following receipt of tuition expenses. While reading through my employer's policies on the subject, I note how vague the expectations are for this situation. As the sum to be repaid would be a sizable five figures, I would not be able to provide a lump sum without a loan to cover most of the amount.

My question is: given the vague wording below, what would be the standard interpretation (if any) regarding period of repayment? Is it implied that the full sum would become immediately payable? Am I in a position to dictate terms of repayment, such as over the period of 12 months?

I accept that I should expect any exact terms to be discussed between both parties, but I'd like to understand if I am obligated to an unconditional acceptance of whatever terms are presented to me or if there is enough abstractness to grant me leverage in negotiation.

The full text of the agreement section is as follows:

  Furthermore, when Education Reimbursement is approved, processed and
  reimbursement made to the employee, re-payment will be required should
  the employee voluntarily terminate employment within twelve (12)
  months of the date when the education reimbursement payment was made.
  As a condition to being eligible to participate in this Education
  Reimbursement program, Employee authorizes the Company, to the extent
  permitted by applicable law, to deduct from final wages or other
  monies due Employee any re payment amounts owed by employee to Company
  under this section


texts: Is it legal to use old software illegally?

texts:
In this question, I'm talking about the unsupported or discontinued software or the old versions of programs that are no available to buy on their official websites as there is already newer versions (e.g. MS Office 2007).

I would like to crack those programs to be able to use them without buying them (which was illegal). Is that okay according to the US law?


texts: Can mailed documents make time sensitive requirements without indicating a postage date?

texts:
A friend of mine recently received a court document that required action in a specific time frame (in this case, 10 days). However, as hard as she looked she was unable to find any postage date to indicate what the actual deadline was.1

Can a court hold someone responsible for missing a deadline when there is no way to know what the deadline was?

1: as such, she completing the requirement that day, but had no way of knowing if that was the day she received the document, as she doesn't check the mail every day


texts: Using excerpts from works for student reading comprehension book. Fair use?

texts:
I am writing a reading comprehension book for students. This book is for-profit. I would like to use excerpts from copyrighted literature books to set up comprehension questions as a learning exercise.

From what I've read, there would be 3 factors in favor of this being fair-use: 1) I'm using very small portions of each work 2) My re-use would not affect the market for the original work 3) I'm attempting to create something new from the original (the comprehension exercises).

Factors against fair use would be that this is a commercial project and that I would be using many excerpts albeit from different works. Overall, would this constitute fair use?


texts: Is it illegal to discriminate against refugees or immigrants based on their religion?

texts: If you live in the U.S, or you keep up with U.S politics, you've probably heard how state governors aren't allowing Syrian refugees into their states, and some politicians only want to allow Christan refugees into the U.S. This led me to wonder, is it legal to deny a refugee, or immigrant based on their religion?


texts: Floating drug laboratory in international waters

texts:
This morning I read about Hongkongers being charged for operating a floating drug laboratory in front of the Phillipines coast. What would be the legal grounds for this operation in case these Hongkongers stayed at all time in international waters?

This especially includes them producing the drugs in international waters and selling the drugs there (e.g., to people who will then smuggle them to the Philippines), thereby avoiding any jurisdiction.


texts: Can one use data extracted from images (in-game screenshots)?

texts:
As an example, let's take Call of Duty Ghost. I want to take the data from the below screenshot and store it in a database as it is. (Rank, Level, Player Name, etc.)

Is it legal to extract data from a game screenshot and use it as desired? Is this related to copyright or trademark?


texts: Is 36 U.S. Code § 301 relating to the National Anthem a law or a suggestion?

texts:
I came across an interview where a person mentioned 36 U.S. Code § 301, which according to https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/36/301 mentions how a person should respond to the National anthem.

Is this technically a law or a suggestion? And would breaking it be illegal?


texts: Who prosecutes a crime if it's impossible to tell which state the crime took place in?

texts:
Let's say that I go out on a fun hiking expedition with this nice Donner family and we get lost in the woods that reside on the state line between states A and B.  After a few days of wondering in circles without food were all pretty hungry and so we decide to kill Bob and eat him (no one liked Bob anyways!).  Because we have been lost for so long we don't know where we are, or on which side of the state line we reside.

Eventually the few well fed folks that were faster with an Axe than their lunch finally figure out how to read a map and make their way out of the woods.  They decide they're sick of woods and so fly over to Hawaii for some nice surfing instead.  While in Hawaii the police start asking about Bob and realize he was murdered (and that he goes well with ketchup).

A crime has been committed, but at this point no one can tell which state the crime was committed in.  The people in question are arrested in a third state that definitely doesn't have jurisdiction, so they would have to extradite us to one of the two states for trial, how does one decide which state can try us?  Do they just ship us to whichever state they feel like?  What if one state has harsher punishment for the crime then the other, can we demand to be shipped off to the one with the more lenient laws?

In fact let's go a step further.  After some digging it's discovered that state B has for some reason left some bizzare loophole in their murder statue which says that it's totally okay to murder someone for dinner so long as their name is Bob and their eaten with extra ketchup.  Now rather or not we are guilty of a crime at all depends on which side of the border we happened to be on during dinner time, which can't be proven.  All three states decide they want to proscute us, do they have any option so long as there is a chance that we were in B at the time?


texts: Can a company suddenly start to enforce a trademark after years of neglect?

texts:
Recently, a law firm representing Oracle demanded that Apple take down an app with the word "JavaScript" in its name from Apple's App store, as Oracle owns the trademark for the word "JavaScript". Their claim was that "People seeing this app would probably think it was developed or licensed by Oracle"

According to Wikipedia's article on trademarks, section "Maintaining rights":

  Trademarks rights must be maintained through actual lawful use of the trademark. These rights will cease if a mark is not actively used for a period of time, normally 5 years in most jurisdictions

Exactly what does "actual lawful use of the trademark" mean, and how much is necessary?

If I ask 1000 JavaScript developers (not random people, who would just say "Ja-what?") what company they associate with JavaScript, I doubt even one percent would say Oracle. Compare this to asking 1000 random people what company they associate with Windows, where I guess a very large percentage would say "Microsoft". Microsoft has clearly maintained their trademark, while Oracle has strongly neglected theirs.

Oracle acquired the trademark to in 2010, when they bought Sun Microsystems. As far as I know, they have not been enforcing that trademark at all before now, approximately 8 years later, and the word "JavaScript" is very widely used, and in no practical way linked to Oracle. I strongly doubt anyone will actually think "This app is probably developed or licensed by Oracle" when seeing something with "JavaScript" in its name.

Would the law firm's claims hold up in court?

A similar example from reality, not part of the question

In Norway, the snack company Maarud had the trademark for the word "Potetgull", which was supposed to be the norwegian word for "potato chips". The word eventually over the years got that exact meaning, with people no longer associating it with Maarud, but potato chips in general. When a rivaling company, KiMs, released potato chips with the name "Potetgull". Maarud sued KiMs and lost because the word had fallen into everyday language


texts: What are my rights and proper actions if the food contains traces of household chemicals?

texts:
I recently bought a juice from the supermarket. That specific type of juice is probably produced in that supermarket locally. After trying it, I am reasonably confident that it contains soap.

For the sake of this question, let's assume that I am correct and the juice indeed contains reasonable traces of household chemicals (and I still have the bottle). What can I do in this case?

Of course I can bring this bottle to the supermarket, but this will probably achieve nothing (they will offer me some useless discounts or give me the new bottle for free, which is not my goal).

It looks like I can make a complaint with the FDA, but I am not sure how will it work.


texts: What happens if an inheritance is found to be the result of a crime?

texts: What happens to my inheritance if it is later found to be the result of a crime?


texts: What police should do in case stolen item is evidently in suspect's house

texts:
The following scenario:
X person claimed that Y person had stolen an item and that thief was holding that item at home (because owner said that GPS signal was coming from thieves home). However, police said that they had to wait for court order to get in his/her home. Before police got the approval, GPS signal was quickly lost and the item was never found after that.
Did the police do it correctly, as there was needed an immediate action? What should owner do in such case, when owner still knows the item location exactly and immediate action is needed?

p.s. I don't know if jurisdiction will much matter here, let's consider a typical civil country.


texts: Who is to enforce the UDHR and the Charter of the UN?

texts: Who is to enforce the Charter of the United Nations and The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ? The governments or the citizens of the member countries?


texts: Do I need to pay the real estate agency if the contract was signed after I moved in?

texts:
I have signed a very standard rental agreement with a landlord. I have contacted him through a real estate agency, because they were the ones who posted the ad on the Internet. They did not participate or otherwise influence me signing the contract with the landlord.

I was also pressured into signing a contract with the real estate agency, after I moved in. I say pressured, because it was presented to me before showing me a draft, and I was manipulated into signing it after taking a casual glance - stupid, but there's no changing that now.

The contract states that I am to pay 1.5x the normal rent if the agency undertakes steps that result in me signing a rental agreement with the landlord, or if I rent the property anyway after signing this contract within two years of signing it.

Now, the agreement with the agency has been signed after the rental agreement, and after I've moved in - my understanding is that since the conditions in the contract are not satisifed, I am not obliged to pay anything - is that correct?


texts: How to notify the use of cookies (Cookie Law Notice)

texts:
I have been investigating notifications about the use of cookies and a question has come up:

Why 99.9% of websites do not report correctly about the use of cookies and nothing happens?

With "correctly" I mean the use of notifications where you can deny and customize cookies.

I have entered 20 of the top 1,000 websites (newspapers, online stores, etc) and only 1 does it correctly.

I have investigated this because I was thinking about trying to correctly inform the use of cookies on my website, and I have decided to see if others do it, and this other question has come up:

Should I use eg Quantcast to have a perfect cookie usage notification but lose 15% of Google Adsense revenue?

To make the subject a little clearer, I would like to add that in the cookie policy I explain each of the types of cookies, their reasons, how to eliminate them and all that is necessary. I'm just talking about notification about its use.

Sorry for my bad English and thanks.

1%:

99% (Without personalization in the cookie policy)


texts: Does the ADA prevent private entities from asking customers if they have a disability?

texts: Some people have claimed that if a potential customer without a mask attempts to enter a privately owned store/business, then the Americans with Disabilities Act makes it illegal to ask the person if they have a disability which prevents them from wearing a mask.  Is this true?


texts: Is it legal to deny service if I do not provide address?

texts:
In the UK almost every business will ask for your postcode and house number. For instance, two of the larger real-estate agencies in London refused to register me in their systems unless full and exact current address is provided which in fact prevents me from updates on new housing opportunities. Just to be clear I visited the branch, this is not an online form or a phone conversation.

When I challenged them on the subject they claimed that it has to do with fraud prevention. While it is quite clear that the only fraud is the real-estate agency this is not only this market that does that.

Is it legal for businesses to deny service to customers who do not wish to share their location?


texts: Canceling gym membership while in recovery

texts:
I was trying to cancel my gym membership because I had a surprise surgery that put me out of physical activity for a few months, and I couldn't leave the house for one month, but they told me that no matter what I need to come in to cancel without exceptions.

Can they say this? Now they're trying to charge me for the months that I was unable to attend for but still "had a membership" because I "never canceled".

I regret not trying to email them after the phone call, I would have much preferred to have a record of this.


texts: What are the criteria for a law to be unconstitutionally overboard when not related to speech

texts:
In my municipality, it states that to qualify as an animal "attack" that

Actual physical contact is not required to constitute an attack."

Per § 8.04.045 and that it is merely enough for a an individual to be "worried" according to § 8.24.030 (A)
In this statute "Worrying" includes any animal that may be

...approaching any person in an apparent attitude of attack or any aggressive behavior which
would cause a reasonable person to feel they were in danger of immediate physical attack.

This statute seems highly based on the perception of the victim. It seems that anyone with Cynophobia, the most common phobia (with 36% of patients with phobias presenting with this Cynophobia and only 12% to 30% of those Cynophobia seeking treatment clinical treatment) might perceive any scenario, especially scenarios with larger animals to "feel they were in danger of immediate physical attack". This could occur if a dog is fenced in, if the dog is leashed, or if the dog is just excited to meet a new friend and wants pets.
How might the overbreadth doctrine apply or not apply in this scenario given that this is not a situation involving free speech. What legal tests would/could/should be applied to test the constitutionality of this statute?


texts: Is this (hypothetical situation) rape and/or rape by deception?

texts:
In this (completely hypothetical) situation where identical twins are impossible to tell apart, would/could a prosecutor bring charges of rape?

This takes place in England. Apologies for length.

To make the situation as clear as possible, I've called the twins Draco and Harry.

Draco meets Ginny and goes out on several dates but she won’t have sex with him because she’s not sure about him. He breaks a date (to screw another woman instead) and sends his identical twin, Harry, in his place. Ginny has such a good time with Harry that she tries to convince him to come back to her place for sex. Harry refuses because he's a good guy and she’s Draco’s girl.

On a future date, Ginny has consensual sex with Draco (because the dates with Harry were so wonderful). But Harry continues to step in whenever Draco breaks a date, because he’s desperate to spend time with Ginny and has fallen in love with her. Eventually, Harry can’t help himself, he has sex with Ginny.

The twins continue to share Ginny over a period of a year without her knowing they are two different men. Harry proposes and convinces Draco that he should attend the ceremony. Draco agrees because he’s really just using Ginny for sex anyway.

After three years of marriage, Draco thinks Ginny is getting suspicious, and coming between him and Harry. Draco resolves that Ginny has to go. Draco tries to shoot Ginny, but Harry steps in at the last minute and shoots Draco in the head, saving Ginny’s life (and the life of her unborn child, and a police officer Draco has left for dead in the bathtub upstairs).

Harry confesses their entire scam to the police. He only continued the scam because he was in love with Draco’s girl, and didn’t tell Ginny the truth because he was terrified of losing her.

He didn't create the deception specifically to gain consent.

Even though Ginny wants nothing to do with Harry anymore, she won’t bring charges of rape. Harry's still her husband and the sex was always consensual. Also, she can’t help herself, she still loves him.

What arguments could a prosecutor bring forward to accuse Harry of rape?

And what arguments against could a defence counsel present to prevent Harry being charged?

Notes:

I've already done a lot of research on this. I'm aware of the law (in as much as a person with no legal experience can be).

But:

I've spoken to a Metropolitan Police Officer who said that, while consent by deception is rape, the prosecutor would have a flimsy case in these circumstances.

And I spoke to a lawyer who said, consent by deception is rape, there is no getting around it. Even without Ginny, the prosecutor would bring charges of rape. Whether a jury would deliver a guilty verdict is another matter.

Under s76 of the Sexual Offences Act 2006, it is possible to commit rape by gaining consent through deception.

The Riddle of Rape-by-Deception and the Myth of Sexual Autonomy says that "rape by deception is almost universally rejected in American criminal law." But this is England.

And Mr Justice Stephens said, "the only sorts of fraud which so far destroy the effect of a woman's consent as to convert a connection consented to in fact into a rape are frauds as to the nature of the act itself, or as to the identity of the person who does the act. Consent in such cases does not exist at all because the act consented to is not the act done." And the identity of who Ginny gave consent to is in question.

@ohwilleke posted a comment on a similar question saying, "Consent obtained by deception is consent in every jurisdiction I have examined"

With conflicting advice, I'd be interested to know what arguments you might bring forward depending on whether you were prosecuting or defending Harry.


texts: Is it legal in the US to bundle renting a car parking space and buying insurance for the content of the car?

texts:
Is it legal in the US for a company that rents out car parking spaces, to bundle the renting of a parking space to buying insurance for the content of the parked car?
I.e. the company refuses to let a customer rent a parking space, unless he/she also purchases insurance for the content of the car, even if the car is empty, or is full with junk.
(In general, it is not mandatory in the US for car owners to insure the content of their car.)


texts: Didn't Padfield transmogrify the unfettered discretion of the minister into the unfettered discretion of the judges?

texts:
If English judges "are the final arbiters
of how an Act of Parliament is to be interpreted" (first quotation below) and "the use of that adjective, even in an Act of Parliament, can do nothing
to unfetter the control which the judiciary have over the executive" (Upjohn LJ, second quotation below), then haven't English judges awarded themselves unfettered discretion?
Le Sueur, Sunkin's Public Law (2019 4 edn), p 671 summarizes Padfield v Minister of Agriculture [1968] AC 997.

This case reiterated that legislation never gives unfettered discretion to ministers. When
ministers are given discretion by an Act of Parliament, they must use that discretion to
further the ‘policy and objects’ of the Act. The courts and not ministers are the final arbiters
of how an Act of Parliament is to be interpreted. [emphasis mine] (The result was that it was unlawful
for the minister, solely for reasons of wanting to avoid political embarrassment, to refuse
to set up an inquiry into the operation of a milk marketing scheme.)

J. Jowell, ‘Parliamentary sovereignty under the new constitutional hypothesis’ [2006] Public Law 562, 577–9 (footnotes omitted).

      One of the most important statements of constitutional principle was made right at the
outset of the more intrusive judicial review of administrative action. In the famous Padfield
case,24 the House of Lords rejected the Minister’s contention that the wide power conferred
upon him amounted to “unfettered discretion”. Lord Upjohn had no truck with the notion of
any discretion being so broad. Even if the power were expressly defined by the term “unfettered”,
he said that: “[T]he use of that adjective, (‘unfettered’) even in an Act of Parliament,
can do nothing to unfetter the control which the judiciary have over the executive [emphasis mine], namely that
in exercising their powers the latter must act lawfully and that is a matter to be determined by
looking at the Act and its scope and object in conferring a discretion upon the Minister rather
than by the use of adjectives [. . .]”.
      If executive power may not be unfettered, or free from judicial review, what principle permits
the legislature to be unbounded, or untroubled by any judicial oversight? The notion that
no power may be unconstrained is compelling as a general democratic principle. Lord Steyn
in Jackson drew support for the notion of a “new constitutional order” from the incorporation
into our law of the European Convention on Human Rights by way of our Human Rights Act 1998. That Act does create new constitutional expectations, namely, that both Parliament and government will respect the rights designated in the European Convention on Human Rights.
However, the great tyrannies of the 20th century had already demonstrated the dangers of unconfined power, regardless of whether it was sanctioned by popular consent. As Lord
Cooke has put it: “The truth is [. . .] that some rights are inherent and fundamental to democratic civilised society. Conventions, constitutions, bills of rights and the like respond by recognising
rather than creating them.”


texts: Can you block the sidewalk in front of your house in a gated community?

texts: We been getting window stickers in a gated community about parking on our driveway and partly blocking sidewalks. Is it legal or not?


texts: Does attorney-client privilege protect a client who lies about his attorney?

texts:
In many legal conflicts the fact that a defendant acted on the advice of competent legal counsel is considered an affirmative defense, or at least a mitigating factor.

Can such a defendant hide behind attorney-client privilege to lie about advice his attorney provided?  I.e., does an attorney have an obligation to object to such a lie if made aware of it (even though that would amount to accusing his client of perjury)?  Or, can an attorney be put under oath and compelled to testify against his client in such an event?

Clarification: This is not pertaining to a situation in which the Client is antagonizing the Attorney.  Suppose, rather, that the Client at some point asked of the Attorney, "Give me your professional advice on X."  The Attorney responds with, "My advice is Y."  The Client instead does Z, gets into legal trouble, and  in his defense claims, "My Attorney advised in scenario X to do Z."


texts: As a web and mobile (iOS and Android) developer, how do I discover if GDPR applies to a user?

texts:
This is a really basic question about GDPR.

If I have products that are intended only for US customers, but can be accessed by European Union residents, does GDPR apply?

More specific example:

A customer downloads my app through the iOS US App Store, but the customer is a resident of France. Does GDPR apply?

Am I obliged to inspect the iOS locale or geo-locate or ask the customer?


texts: Are F3 visas going to be affected by the new presidential proclamation (June 22, 2020)?

texts:
I called NVC and they told me that only certain types of visas are going to be affected. I have read the presidential proclamation but it is still not clear for me if everyone is going to be affected by this proclamation or not as I only see this:

(a)  an H-1B or H-2B visa, and any alien accompanying or following to
join such alien;
(b)  a J visa, to the extent the alien is participating in an intern,
trainee, teacher, camp counselor, au pair, or summer work travel
program, and any alien accompanying or following to join such alien;
and
(c)  an L visa, and any alien accompanying or following to join such
alien.

Sorry for the question, I was supposed to migrate this year. Greetings.


texts: How can I make sure that a house is clear of workmen's liens?

texts:
Is there a legal process I can undertake (like advertising in the paper) to clear any workmen's liens on a house that I am planning to buy?

In other words, the situation I am trying to avoid is buying the house, then some plumber showing up a year later claiming that he did work on the house and he never got paid. Obviously the debt belongs to the previous owner, not me, so I assume the workman loses his chance to attach the property at some point. What point is that?


texts:
As a tenant I am served up a new "Assured Shorthold Tenancy Agreement" every 6 months where I live by the Letting agent my landlord uses.

I have previously debated the renewal fees and their fairness but continue to pay these fees on the bases that the letting agent usually says "pay or we will take legal action as stated in my tenancy agreement I agreed to this".

So, this morning I was woken up by some random ideas going through my head.

If i'm paying these fees then the landlord is too
are they actually unreasonable
I know they aren't illegal but are the side effects worth it if I were to fight the agent on this.
would I also be fighting my landlord or just the agent

...

So I did some digging in my tenancy agreement ...

Key useful pieces of information:

Deposit paid £1,800
Term of tenancy 6 months
Type of tenancy: Assured Shorthold

Key terms that help clarify my situation ...

  6.1 The Agent shall place the Deposit in a nominated Client account as soon as reasonably practicable. Any interest earned on the Deposit
  shall be retained by the Agent, and used to cover administration
  costs.

  9.9 To Pay £100.00 + VAT for each extension of the Tenancy

So lets get some figures together here ...

At the time I write this question out the bank of england base rate is about 0.5% with typical interest rates on bank accounts ranging from around 1% to 4% per annum.

lets a assume a low interest rate on a typical bank account of around 2% is put on that deposit each year so the agent receives £360 for doing literally nothing.

Then 6 months later they get another £120 from me for opening up the existing digital copy of the contract they have for me and moving the dates on by 6 months and printing a couple copies then charging me to sign them.

so, per year the agent gets £500 for sending out 2 copies of the same document 2 twice and then filing it away.

... and that's just what they charge me.

It's reasonable to assume the agent is charging the landlord too, and probably similar figures.

...

I have some options ...

Simply refuse to sign new agreements and risk eviction.
Sign the agreements but then have to justify to a judge why refused to uphold clause 9.9 in the contract.
Contact the landlord direct and agree the stupidity of these costs in order to put in place a longer term agreement (assuming he's willing)

...

I have also noticed that there may be some precedent to argue the fees under the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 but that's vague and may not directly apply here.

In Scotland however I noticed that such fees have been made illegal and pressure is mounting to make it law here.

So, my question is ...

Have I explored all the options here and if not what other possible routes could someone go down if presented with this situation?


texts:
A journalist was detained in the US on January 13.
 According to CBS, Ricardo J. Bascuas, a professor at the University of Miami School of Law says she should have been granted a court appearance by now.

How long can one be detained without a court hearing?


texts:
My brother took my mother and stepfathers ashes to his house in Eastern Wa., and gave me none to have for my own keepsakes. I wanted to make a necklace from them.
That was in 1997, and I've got much more attitude now. Can I sue him for equitable ashes? He paid for her cremation from her bank acct, including some of his own money. Does that entitle him to all the ashes? He was also the executor of our mothers' estate at her request. I was too overwhelmed with grief to be of  any help.


texts: ISC vs MIT vs Simplified FreeBSD: what is the difference between these licenses?

texts:
What is the difference between:

ISC License
MIT License (Expat)
BSD 2-Clause License (FreeBSD/Simplified)

The ISC seems to be a simplification of MIT and FreeBSD Simplified after Berne convention.

  This license is functionally identical to the MIT/Expat and the Simplified BSD licenses, discarding some language that was made unnecessary by the Berne convention.

But answers on this Stack Exchange question recommend avoiding ISC because it is too vague.

But I also see that ISC was patched since so it is good to use now:

  Regarding the ISC terminology, Wikipedia states, 'Before accepting the license as a free software license, the Free Software Foundation (FSF) asked for clarification of the text. In July 2007, as a result, "and distribute" was changed to "and/or distribute".' So the license reads, "...modify, and/or distribute..."

I don't know if this wikipedia article is up to date and accurate but it seems to show that ISC is more vague about Patent grant, Private use, Sublicensing, TM grant.


texts: How much trouble would a company be for using pirated software and ripping off online course videos and selling them as their own

texts:
My Situation

I was hired as a UI/graphics designer for company A. This is a startup company and the environment is not very professional which I kinda like. But some people who are friends with company A's boss started their own company (Company B) that is  essentially an IT training center. But unfortunately the company is not willing to pay for software so they pirate EVERYTHING, or well almost everything.

Now as I understand this is pretty bad in and of itself for a company to do as I know some companies nearby who have gotten a very big fine from Adobe for pirating their software. But recently I've been told to edit videos even though it wasn't really what i was hired to do, but I did it always because I'm new.

But now the videos i have been editing are essentially online courses from udemy that were pirated. I've been asked to remove the watermarks and remove the personal explaining in the video if any. I feel like this is a very bad thing for me to do but I can't see to talk them out of doing it. I have already expressed my displeasure with this and it seems they don't care.

Im asking this question to see if i can come up with a legal reason to present to them to hopefully stop this unethical work.

Company A is located in  India, specifically  Kerala, south India.


texts: How do we get title for an abandoned vehicle?

texts:
I have a motorcycle sitting in my garage where the owner, my friend,  committed suicide.  The deceased owner's brother lives in another state and claims that he has the title that the deceased transferred to his name before the suicide.  I have tried to negotiate with the brother of the deceased for selling the motorcycle and splitting the proceeds.

So far the brother has not responded and claims he is still looking for the transferred title.  The brother is the only living relative to the deceased but is not an heir to deceased's estate since his lawyer advised him to walk away from inheriting the estate for liability reasons.

Since the deceased's brother did not inherit the estate and has not produced said motorcycle's title, how do I go about getting a clean title for the abandoned motorcycle?  I live in New Jersey, USA.


texts: Is it possible to cancel a tenancy with someone who is most probably a fraudster, just for being a fraudster?

texts:
Some months ago, a neighbor of mine rented his appartment to a person for a year. Now, I have read in a major and respectable newsletter, that this person is accused of serious frauds. There are at least 8 women who blame him of luring them into a relationship, having children with them, promising to marry them, and meanwhile, taking their money and even their houses. The story was published after some of these women filed a police complaint against him. He was arrested for several days, and the court approved publishing his name and picture in order to warn future victims.

He was then under house arrest for a month, but released (I am not sure why) and is now waiting for his trial.

I, and other neighbors around me, feel very uncomfortable living next to such a criminal. However, the apartment holder has signed a contract with him for a year.

Can my neighbor unilaterally cancel the contract, based on the published evidence against this man?


texts: Can a confidentiality obligation in an agreement have an indefinite period

texts:
I've found that some companies are very much against the individual and want indefinite confidentiality clauses.
I'm happy to sign a 2 year clause but an indefinite one is sickening to me.  I'm working in medical devices not the CIA and ideas could be used elsewhere to save patient lives.
I have pushed back on the duration but the company is sticking with FOR THE REST OF YOUR LIFE.  Surely the law should be there to prevent morally bankrupt practices and intellectual enslavement?
Is an indefinite duration of confidentiality actually legal in the civilian sector?  Is there anything I can do to push back on an indefinite duration of confidentiality?
FYI; I'm in the EU but the company is a US multinational.


texts: How to Prove, Legally, That a User Actually Clicked the "I Accept" for TOS, etc

texts:
In a click-wrap scenario, how does one prove, legally, that a user actually clicked or checked the "i accept" or equivalent on a given site.

e.g. what if the website owner doesn't track clicks, track TOS versions, etc. What if the whole user flow changed since the alleged acceptance of TOS, etc.

What do the courts look for to determine whether the user did in fact take the action which confirms their agreement with the TOS, and what those TOS actually were at the time of the issue in question? ...and, with which party does the burden of proof rest and what constitutes proof?


texts: Who is responsible for a lost bitcoin transaction client:vendor?

texts:
I paid for a new mock using a BTC-processor that handles the bitcoin payment (with the use of a unique address).

Later I got a message from the vendor saying that the transaction was "cancelled", later he showed me a picture of his admin-dashboard where is showed that "status: failure", but the bitcoins are already over my side probably this was caused because I sent them less that the actual price stated(really minor). secondly I assume the bitcoins are now on his wallet, but he declines the bitcoins are on his wallet. now the question, who is responsible, I, the bitcoin gateway, or the vendor, and has the vendor to ship the item?

Here is the actual payment: https://www.blockchain.com/btc/address/16q9osWoKYffbY8iwJrr7DJg48sJWc4pGM


texts:
I am starting my first full-time job. It is a software job in the UK, I am a citizen of a different EU country.

The contract I am about to sign seems very demanding about the rights to intellectual property. I would like to contribute to open source projects and write a blog (unrelated to the company's business) or take photos of nature on trips in my free time but at first look at the contract (below), it seems that everything I do will belong to the Company.

Do I understand it correctly? Is this standard and I should just sign it, or should I ask to have the sentence "relevant to the Company's business" included in the first two paragraphs? (This sentence is from the third paragraph which, however, seems to be concerned only with "inventions".)

The laws mentioned in the contract are

https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1977/37
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/contents

  Copyright, Inventions and Patents

  All records, documents, papers (including copies and summaries thereof) and other
  copyright protected works made or acquired by you in the course of your employment
  shall, together with all the worldwide copyright and design rights in all such works, be
  and at all times remain the absolute property of the Company.

  You hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waive all rights granted by Chapter 1V or
  Part 1 of the Copyrights, Designs and Patents Act 1988 that vest in you (whether before,
  on or after the date thereof) in connection with your authorship of any copyright works
  in the course of your employment with the Company, wherever in the world enforceable,
  including without limitation the right to be identified as the author of any such works and
  the right not to have any such works subjected to derogatory treatment.

  You and the Company acknowledge the provisions of Sections 39 to 42 of the Patents
  Act 1977 ("the Act") relating to the ownership of employees' inventions and the
  compensations of employees for certain inventions respectively. If, during the course of
  your Employment, you make any inventions relevant to the Company's business that do
  not belong to the Company under the Act, you agree that, if required, you will forthwith
  license or assign (as determined by the Company) to the Company all documents and
  other materials relating to them. The Company will pay you to such compensation for the
  license or assignment as the Company will determine in its absolute discretion, subject
  to Section 40 of the Act.


texts: How can I stop someone I know from harassing me online?

texts:
My ex partner keeps making new accounts on Instagram and Facebook to message me. I’ve sent them a text with a read receipt that states clearly: don’t contact me on any platform, don’t text me, don’t call me etc. They even had a mutual person call me when they were with them.
I’ve blocked every single account and I haven’t replied to any messages since telling them not to contact me again. I have proof of everything.
The messages are not threatening and this has been going on for less than a month but they have done similar to their previous partner for 9 months and I suspect that they may not leave me alone for the next year.
I want to do something that will force them not to contact me online- and force them not to have other people contact me on their behalf if possible.
How can I stop this from happening? I’m happy to accept an answer that requires them to voluntarily sign something.


texts: Can I change MIT license to a proprietary license?

texts: I have an open-source project licensed under MIT. Can I change the license to a proprietary license? (not double licensing) What if I don't want to distribute it anymore and want to move to a proprietary licensing? (I understand what fork of MIT code still be alive).


texts:
A couple have been together for a few decades.

One of them sold their house 10+ years ago when they hit hard times, since recovered from.

About 8 years ago the other inherited a house on their parents' death.

They are now living there with the non-owner paying no rent.

If the owner should die in future, could the non-owner claim some sort of squatter's rights and own the house?


texts: Can a statement of one's beliefs constitute defamation if those beliefs can't be proven true?

texts:
I believe that a group of businesses is engaging in anti-competitive behavior and that they are acting in a coordinated effort to maintain artificially-inflated prices and are publishing dishonest advertising through third parties to bring customers to them.

I would like to start a similar business in their area offering the same service at a significantly lower rate, and station someone in front of their places of business who would approach clients and let them know about our service and the relative rate difference etc. I would also like to tell these clients about the anti-competitive and dishonest behavior that we believe those businesses are engaged in, and that this is the reason for the significant difference in rates for the service.

I understand that if we were to say:

These businesses are engaging in anti-competitive behavior and have attracted you through dishonest advertising.

that we would likely have a burden of proof in any defamation claim.

But if we state the true facts more accurately in this way:

We believe that these businesses are engaging in anti-competitive behavior and have attracted you through dishonest advertising.

Would we still have some potential burden of proof (to prove the belief, not to prove the behavior itself?) in a defamation claim? Or are we free to believe whatever we want? What if the behavior can be proven false?


texts: Can my landlord legally not let me do my anmeldung in Germany?

texts: I really need to do my anmeldung so I can start working and get health insurance in Germany now (during corona). I moved out of a youth hostel once it shut down and me and two others found a room for rent which is sort of a hotel that had been converted to an apartment during corona, since they lost their customers. The landlord says anmeldung is not possible here, but I was wondering if that is fair, since we are paying to be here, and it is now basically impossible for us to get our anmeldung without moving and paying somewhere else (or even double paying). I can’t generate income without my anmeldung.


texts: I'm in USA, seeking to license to German manufacturer. Should I worry about using a German NDA?

texts:
I am working to license a technology for which I have US patent pending (I am in USA). I have a potential licensee in Germany.  I would like to work with an NDA, not least to protect the option of extending the filing into Europe. The potential licensee wants to use their NDA, which stipulates jurisdiction in Germany.

My questions are:

1) Does a cross-border NDA have any value? It seems that it would be expensive to make a complaint.

2) Is there a better way for me to conduct this?

3) Would I need German based IP professional for all dealings with this?

Thanks, Tim


texts: Paying material and labour costs v. full quote

texts:
I was given a quote by my contractor (approx. 30K) which included both a labour component (18K) and a material component (12K). However, for various reasons he insisted I pay for the material myself, direct to the retailer. I agreed.
In the end, the material costed significantly less (approx. 7K). However, the contractor is insisting on the full amount, claiming that had I not paid the material I wouldn't have known the difference in cost and he was taking the risk with the quote.
Is this how it works? Am I supposed to pay the full quote regardless?
(No, the quote was not itemized and we didn't agree to an hourly rate. It just listed labour and material. I was fine with the 18K for labour and still am. His final invoice is not itemized either).
Location is Canada.
Edit to clarify: He's looking for the full 12K for material and then pays me back the 7K.


texts: Can the title/subject of my self-published novella get me sued?

texts:
I've written a novella entitled 'Regression Therapy' which I intend to self-publish. It's a black-comedy about a man who undergoes past life regression therapy and, well, it has negative consequences.

From Wikipedia

"Past life regression is a technique that uses hypnosis to recover what practitioners believe are memories of past lives or incarnations, though others regard them as fantasies or delusions or a type of confabulation."

The story is completely fictional and the events are, in my opinion, so absurd that I can't imagine anybody taking it seriously. However, I worry that advocates of past life regression would argue that the story damages/tarnishes the reputation of the 'treatment' and therefore leaves me open to being sued.

My questions are:

Are my concerns warranted?
If so, is there anything I could do to mitigate any legal
repercussions? Such as including a disclaimer saying "The following
story is completely fictional…" (or words to that effect).

Any advice would be greatly appreciated.


texts: Is a press release a privileged and/or copyrighted document with ownership rights?

texts:
I recently left the firm I was working with for a few years. I have my own advisory firm now. I took part in several deals that closed. I was an active participant and got paid on those deals. I am mentioned and quoted in press releases for those deals. I wrote the press releases that were for my deals. Additionally, some of them were never even "released" to the press. We would simply use them to send to clients to show past successes.

I have my own website now and I have a Media/News section where I have the press releases posted and/or linked to. The previous employer has contacted me, telling me to "take those down! You cannot use my press releases."

Now, I am pretty sure he is out of his element and has no clue what he is talking about. Is a press release a privileged and/or trademarked document with ownership rights?


texts: IP ownership in software contract clauses

texts:
Many software contract templates will say something along the lines of

  "All intellectual property [...] that is developed or produced under this Agreement, will be the sole property of the Client."

This can't be right. If I modify open source code as part of the work done, by nature of the open source license that code can not become intellectual property of the client.

If I have my own code/scripts/settings/templates/etc that I use as a contractor, and I modify those in the interest of coding efficiency in the interest of serving the client, it hardly seems correct that these assets become property of the Client.

Am I mistaken? Do I need to amend the clause?


texts: What will stolen money be treated after prosecution period

texts:
If someone steel some money and the prosecution period is just two years. After two years, this guy can’t be sentenced anymore even though has been catch by police.
So, my question is how will the stolen money be treated? Does the police have right to pass over the money to the original owner? Will it be the court who will judge how to treat the money?


texts:
May there exist a non-voting board of directors member in the United States?
Or by definition are the board of directors all voting?


texts: Can any crime be a federal crime in the US?

texts: As an example, can the US Congress declare that jaywalking is a federal offense? Or would the jaywalker have to cross a state border in order for the crime to become prosecutable by federal authorities?


texts: Can customers be kicked out because a store employee personally dislikes them?

texts:
An ex-friend works at a store. I know she has a way of  manipulating situations in her favor. If I go into the store to purchase items without causing any trouble, could they kick me out of the store just because a worker there doesn’t like me?

If they do kick me out of the store without any real reason, can I bring legal matters into it?


texts: I'm looking for cases similar to one that I'm searching about on how to work on a defense in the Santa Clara County Small Claims Court, but I cannot the records besides the history of the process. How can I find detailed proceedings, mainly the verdicts?


texts:
Someone I know was let go from their job on 4/1, he was using the insurance provided by his  employer. In his employment contract it states insurance will remain active through the rest of the month he was let go in. Despite calling him in on 4/1 (normally his day off) to let him go, the termination letter he was given stated he was let go on 3/31.

This is relevant now because he is looking at getting insurance through COBRA, but because his company sponsored insurance plan ended on 3/31 he would have to pay the COBRA premium for both April and May.

My question is: Is it legal for his employer to mark his termination date as 3/31 when they let him go on 4/1?


texts: Do I have to declare my income considering I am keeping them on the platform?

texts:
On the site 5euros (the French equivalent of Fiverr), you can use the money earned through microservices by withdrawing it to your bank account, or by spending it on the site in order to buy services from other users.
In the second case, is there anything to declare to the taxes?


texts: Can I file a child custody claim in French court from abroad?

texts:
I am Pakistani citizen and my husband is living in France as a permanent resident. My husband has taken my children to France without my permission. I need to get custody of my children.

Do I need to visit France to file a case in French court, or is there a way that I can file a case from Pakistan?


texts: Does Australia have the same rules regarding succession to the throne as the United Kingdom?

texts:
It was pointed out that the Queen of the United Kingdom is also the Head of State in Australia (and other Commonwealth countries), but she has the separate title of The Queen of Australia.

I always thought she was The Queen of the United Kingdom everywhere. This could mean that, they could have different laws of succession than the United Kingdom does.

For example, Australia could perhaps allow Catholics to be their Head of State. The UK also recently changed the law regarding first born child's sex; did Australia (and all the other Commonwealth countries) change this too? Or do I have a misunderstanding, and they all just use the same succession rules by default?


texts: What are the restrictions of a probationary driver's license in New Jersey for a 28-year-old

texts: I'm having a hard time understanding what restrictions New Jersey puts on a probationary driver's license for someone who is 28 years old, as most of the explanations online are geared towards teenagers and those under 21 years of age. What are the restrictions associated with a probationary license for someone 28 years old?  Are they allowed to drive by themselves?


texts: Privacy concerns regarding my data on a website

texts:
Recently, I signed up on this website. As soon as I registered, they sent me an activation email.

After seeing the activation email, I was a little disturbed. The activation email consisted of the following info:

Activation URL
Username
Password

Yes, they explicitly mentioned my password in the activation email.

This is very bad practice because of the following reasons:

If I have made a typo in my email then the person who receives the email gets to know my really sensitive info.
Even if typo is not there, but let's say, somehow someone manages to get access to my email, he will also now get access to my information on this new website where I registered.

Moreover, to the best of my knowledge, user sign-up forms are designed such that the party offering the service doesn't themselves get access to my password (this is usually done by first encrypting the password - one way hashing - and then storing it). But since they sent my password back again to my email, so it is possible that they indeed have access to my actual password.

I have submitted a query to them regarding this issue but I am not sure if some action will be taken soon or not.

So, I would like to know, in case they don't take any action at all, where can I submit my complaint regarding this?

Besides, I am not very confident if I can actually register a complaint because there terms and conditions page doesn't talk about anything related to this. And also, they never asked me if I agree to those terms and conditions.


texts: Is it legal to divulge information about a company (kindergarten) online in Austria?

texts:
The situation is the following: We have made a very bad experience with a kindergarten in Vienna and would like to divulge (make public) the experience we made with this kindergarten.
This would involve a website where we share our personal experience in the form of a blog post as well as a FAQ section where information about this kindergarten is provided, most of the information official.
Can this in any case be considered defamation or libel? Some people in Austria we've spoken to have told us that this could be illegal in Austria and that we should instead just leave a review on google. Is this true? Then surely most reviews or posts about bad experiences with X company must be illegal in Austria?
Worth noting is that we would not spread any false information, just recount our own personal experience dealing with the management of this kindergarten and their employees (no name calling).
The blog post would just mention how it was and retell basic things like the management being rude to us, that we were lied about the education of the teachers (montesori), that staff was late or never showed up, we were yelled at when hugging our daughter in kindergarten and told its strictly forbidden on the premises etc.
The FAQ section would have entries such as:
Q: Can I reach anyone in the staff of KINDERGARTEN_X by telephone in the case of an emergency?
A: Unfortunately this kindergarten has a strict no phone policy which means that parents at KINDERGARTEN_X have to write an email in the case of an emergency, a reply can take up to 7 days and might never come.
Q: May I pick up my kid earlier than usually on some days?
A: No, kids at KINDERGARTEN_X must be picked up at the same time everyday, they are also not allowed to miss out on a day unless they are sick, this also applies to 1 year olds.
Q: Am I allowed to talk to the teachers?
A: No, apart from greetings please do not speak to the staff of KINDERGARTEN_X and only write to them. The reason for this, as quoting the CEO of the company: "Our staff is not interested to hear about peoples holidays and chatting all day long".
Q: Is the food really cooked fresh everyday?
A: No, the food is only cooked twice a week.


texts: Charges for damaging a privately-owned Confederate Flag

texts:
I have two questions. In North Carolina,

Does the Confederate flag enjoy any special legal protections that would make damaging one (that doesn't belong to you) a more serious charge than damaging something else of equivalent monetary value?
What are the possible legal consequences for damaging somebody else's Confederate flag?


texts: What happens to SARs recieved before the 25th May?

texts:
With GDPR requiring companies to respond to Subject Access Requests, within a month - my employer has now ensured we have processes to deal with any SAR recieved after the 25th of May.

However, in the lead up to the law taking effect - a number of people have prematurely sent their SAR. That is, we have recieved SARs from before the 25th of May.

What is our legal liability in dealing with these? Must they be actioned, and if so - which day does the "month" start on?

Importantly, does this apply if an SAR was sent before 25th May, but was not first seen by an employee until after the 25th?


texts: Fined and suspended license for not appearing on court when driver did not knew about it

texts:
This was an actual situation I witnessed, but I am doing the question in a generic format to avoid identifying parties.

Background:

A driver was on a highway above the speed limit. The driver was pulled over by a police officer, and after a verbal warning, the officer decides to let go the driver without a speeding ticket.

Before letting the driver go, the officer asks for insurance proof. The driver freaks out a little and has problem finding the proof, so the officer decides to start writing a court citation for the driver to go and show insurance proof before a judge (as stated by law). When the officer comes back with the copy of the citation, the driver finally finds the insurance proof, and shows it to the officer. The officer decides to dismiss the court citation (torn apart the citation paper in front of the driver), and finally let the driver go.

The police officer apparently forgot to remove the citation from his documents, so he/she filed the citation anyway at the end of the shift (even though he/she did not gave any copy of the citation to the driver and he/she told it was dismissed). Since the driver never knew of this, he/she never appears on court, and receives a ticket for this.

To add more insult to the injury, because the driver did not paid the ticket on time, the driver's license was suspended without the driver's knowledge. The driver drives on this condition for more than a month, until he/she goes casually to the DMV to renew the car's registration. This is when the driver founds out that that he/she cannot complete the registration renewal because license was suspended, and founds out everything mentioned above.

The driver does not have any proof that this was in fact a mistake of the police officer who pulled him/her over a month ago.

Question:

What recourse does the driver has to get the ticket dismissed and his/her license reinstated on the basis that he/she never received an official court citation, and was the police officer mistake when he/she file it?

Jurisdiction is Florida, USA.


texts: Is keeping an engagement ring theft in New York City, NY, where he is the one who breaks the engagement, and no fault is claimed against her?


texts: First amendment law and Facebook posts, posted by non-Americans

texts:
Since I have researched the topic quite a bit, but failed to find satisfying answer that I was looking for, I will ask it here. I think my question opens at least, very interesting debate.
In 2014 there was a case, where a man in Slovenia(EU) posted a message regarding some local handball match to his group Facebook wall, which stated "The police intervened only at the end of the match... Typical for these clowns". The man was charged with insulting law enforcement and fined 105 Euros (by law enforcement). The original source is here (translated using google translate): https://goo.gl/Y9kELs

My question:
If some statement that is posted on Facebook by non-American citizen, and the statement is subject to, for instance hate-speech laws in country of the person that posted it, isn't the person protected by the first amendment given the fact - that let's assume the post that was made is hosted on American server, which protects free speech under first amendment law. So if we expand this, he made a statement technically speaking in USA.


texts: Does Seattle tenant enjoy the right of first order when rental is for sale?

texts: In Seattle, can I enjoy the "Right of first order" (ROR) to buy, when the property I am renting, is put up for sale?


texts: asked to sign an affidavit even though one can't testify

texts:
Imagine one bought something at an online shop. The shop ship it via a common shipping company. The online tracking said it has been delivered to the buyer but one didn't receive it, nor got a notice about it.
The shop now asked the buyer to sign an affidavit (declaration of an oath or affirmation in lieu of oath) including the following three points:

I am aware that false statements made here may be punishable by law.
I never received the package.
Residents of the house or the adjacent shop have not accepted a parcel for me.

How is one able to testify point 3?  One can not be for sure know where the parcel is. And therefore one is not able to sign this document without fearing point 1.
Is an affidavit worded like this even legal?

In this hypothetical case the online shop said that they need the signed affidavit to further investigate the case. Without signing, no compensation.


texts: My question is if a Union Lawyer holds back evidence from his client which is damaging to his clients defense in a Arbitration case and then admits in the Arbitration Hearing he was well aware of the evidence is he violating his clent?


texts: Is it legal to post an email to social media if the email also contains a photo of the sender and other personal identifiable information?

texts:
I've seen a few similar questions asked before, however would posting a screenshot of an email onto social media be legal under the following circumstances:

The poster on social media is the recipient of such email
The recipient uses Gmail, which ties the email address of the Sender to the a LinkedIn profile if they have one, displaying it to the right of the email and including the Name of the Sender, Photo of the Sender, and current job of the Sender, which were otherwise not stated in the email.
The screenshot of the email includes all of this information: it displays not only the sender's email address and the original email, but also the information of the Sender's LinkedIn account (name, current job, photo) that the recipient's Gmail account linked to

I'm curious to see how others would interpret these facts. The question here is not so much the content of the email but rather the inclusion of the other identifiable information (Name, email address, photo, current job)


texts: What should I add behind the Trade Name for my Sole Proprietorship?

texts:
I am registered as a Sole Proprietorship in India to do business.

I have provided a Trade Name eg. ABC

So I have 2 questions:

In my Terms of Service and any other legal document can I use the Trade Name eg.

  "These terms are between you and ABC"

Or could I use My Own Name rather then the Trade Name.
What could I add behind ABC? for example with LLC's you add ABC LLC.


texts: Do insurance companies have legal obligations to help their clients?

texts:
I was t-boned in a parking lot in Utah.  I have Allstate insurance.  The police came and gathered insurance information from both parties and gave each of us copies.  I believe they later made a report.

I have been working with my insurance company to get this resolved and I feel like they are purposely blowing me off.  First, Allstate said they couldn't contact the other party in the accident so I will have to pay for my car repair myself.  Second, they said that no fault is assigned and each party pays for their own damages.  I know the police don't assign fault when the accident is on private property, but surely fault still exists.

Are these statements true?  What rights do I have and what ability do I have to get my insurance company to go to bat for me?  I assume their statements are false.  Otherwise, I could drive around hitting cars in private parking lots with an uninsured car with no consequence?


texts: What can be done regarding gathering possessions from a rented student house where someone is unable to visit due to bullying?

texts:
A bit of strange circumstance: I have already looked online on various Housing charities and legal forums, but I haven't been able to get an approach that meets the specific circumstances as this issue is quite sensitive.
During the past academic year a friend has not been able to stay in the house they are paying rent on due to the consistent breaking of covid rules by other tenants and bullying. My friend stayed with another friend for a while but has now returned home to complete the academic year.
They have a typical student type agreement with the landlord which is coming to an end by the end of the academic year.
As it stands my friend has all their belongings still in the house and is mentally not able to face going to get them due to the other tenants, or able to communicate with the other tenants for the same reasons.
My friend has approached the letting agent, explained the above in greater detail, and asked them to speak to the other tenants to arrange a time where the house would be vacant to gather the belongings (possibly over the Easter break), so far the letting agent has simply replied that it hasn't been possible.
What we are trying to find out is:

What are the lettings agent's (or landlord's) responsibilities to a situation like this?
Can my friend ask for additional time at the end of the agreement to empty their things?
If the letting agent refuses to help what options does my friend have?
Given they are not the lead tenant how do they go about getting any deposit remaining back?

For clarity my friend is a British citizen living in the UK, in case of any regional variations to possible laws.


texts: Can I track vehicles that drive around my property's roads?

texts: I was thinking about putting an automated license plate logger near my mail box to track in-and-out movement of vehicles. It would have timestamps and license plate numbers. I just thought it'd be interesting to see what patterns emerge, and, you never know, having a log like this could prove valuable in certain circumstances. Just wondering, however, if what I'm thinking about doing is legal. These data wouldn't be published.


texts: Is there a legal distinction between updating existing software and installing new software?

texts:
This is a follow up on this popular question. Microsofts EULA terms for Windows 10 clearly state that Microsoft may update their software without the users explicit consent for each update. On the other hand it is illegal in general hence also for Microsoft to install new software on the computer without the users consent. This raises the question what counts as an update of say the operating system and what doesn't.
Suppose Microsoft decides playing poker should be a feature on every windows machine and with the next windows 10 update installs a poker game that wasn't there before. It seems to me that this would clearly count as installing new software which would require explicit user consent. But if Microsoft just calls this an update of Windows 10 they could claim they don't need user consent. In my interpretation Microsoft used that tactic to force install a new web browser as part of an operation system update.
Is there some legal guideline here or is that a distinction that would have to be resolved in court on a case-by-case basis?


texts: Usage of the US President's likeness without his consent

texts:
According to this question, depending on the jurisdiction, individuals have certain "personality rights" over the use of their name and likeness.

I know that, in the US, these can vary from state to state, and that public figures generally lose some of these rights when their name/likeness becomes famous. But I still believe that commercial use of a public figure (e.g. making a toy, selling a shirt, etc) without their permission would violate those rights.

Are these rights (again, in the US specifically) affected when an individual becomes a government official, particularly a federal government official? I'm vaguely aware of the idea that the federal government doesn't have the same intellectual property rights as private citizens, but I have no idea if this affects individuals.

(The motivation for this question is this image which is slightly NSFW but I assume it would apply regardless of the specific usage of the president's likeness.)


texts:
GDPR requires retaining personal data after a certain time period defined based on the following clauses:

the current and future value of the information;
the costs, risks and liabilities associated with retaining the information; and
the ease or difficulty of making sure it remains accurate and up to date.

The statement does not include any specification to where the personal data can be archived and by which format e.g., backup files, logs etc.

Based on the above can a company use a secondary backup database with strict access control to keep the retained personal data? This database will not take part in production transactions nor services use.


texts: How does the US constitution apply to aliens?

texts:
Does the constitution of the US extend its protections to—

legal aliens in the US (e.g. visitors from overseas), and
illegal aliens in the US (e.g. someone who has stayed beyond their visa's validity)?


texts: Can an attorney consent to an IEP on parent's behalf?

texts:
Under the IDEA, can an attorney that has been retained to represent the parent of a student consent to an Individualized Education Program proposed by the student's school district on the parent's behalf, or must the parent consent personally?
More directly, the IDEA requires school districts to obtain parental consent prior to implementing special education and related services. (34 CFR §300.300 & 34 CFR.300.9) Under the IDEA, may a school district rely on the consent given by the parent's attorney on the parent's behalf, or must the parent personally issue the consent?


texts: Can content be licensed in a singular place but licensed another way everywhere else?

texts:
If I want to create a content publishing website where authors can write works (and derivative works of other authors), is it legal (and, perhaps more helpfully, is it ever a practice) to have a two-tiered licensing structure for the content?

In other words, can I license the content with CC BY-NC on the site (so other authors can create derivative works without infringement), and then fully copyright the content for all uses outside of the site


texts: Cyclist contacts overtaking car - who is at fault?

texts:
Say a car narrowly overtakes a cyclist who at that moment starts to signal that they want to turn by extending their arm outwards toward the car. The car left so little room that the cyclist inadvertently contacts/scrapes the car. Depending on angle and what the cyclist was wearing (gloves, rings, wristwatches) there might be damage to the cyclist or the car (or both).

Who is liable for the damage? Or is blame shared somehow? Does someone get a  fine?

(one of the many things going through my head as a cyclist in dense adversarial city traffic. It never happened to me, but it could)


texts: In the UK, can remaining silent until a lawyer is present ever adversely affect a jury's decision?

texts: In the UK, a jury is permitted to make adverse inferences if a person exercises their right to remain silent. Are they permitted to make such inferences if a person refuses to answer any questions until a lawyer is present, but once their lawyer is present they co-operate fully?


texts: Can heirs keep living in the house of a missing person before death is known or assumed?

texts:
Suppose someone went missing and no body is found, nor any other sign of what became of her. I believe in France it takes 10 years before a missing person is assumed dead when there's no actual proof of death (Wikipedia, but other sources appear to confirm it)

The missing person had two grandchildren as her only living heirs (husband dead, no siblings, children also dead). She adopted both of them when their parents died, and they lived with her at the time of her disappearance. At least one of them was 18 or older at the time.

Assume there is no sign of foul play by the two heirs.

They can't inherit until their grandmother is legally considered dead, I'm sure, so what happens in the ten years before she's declared dead in absentia? Can they keep living in the house during that time?


texts: On what grounds can a government delegalise the use of specific software and is that compliant with international laws?

texts:
As I read in the "Government use" section in the VPN blocking article on Wikipedia. It seems that Iran and China (used to) block access to use VPN software. I'd like to widen the scope of the question and apply it on any type of software, not specifically VPN or encryption software.

On what grounds can a government delegalise the use of specific software? And is delegalization of (specific) software compliant with international laws (human rights)?


texts: What differentiates between a good or bad divorce settlement and parenting plan?

texts:
What are differences between well-written divorce settlements and parenting plans and poorly written, in an acrimonious divorce?  What topics might one want to consider including that might not be in an off-the-shelf document?

For example, various courts in Georgia have issued a skeletal parenting plan that covers common topics, such as: http://www.southernjudicialcircuit.com/selfhelp/parentingplan/contestedplan.pdf.  I am looking for suggestions that go beyond this type of skeletal plan.

Here are some examples:

both parents shall maintain adequate housing with a separate room for each child.
parents shall maintain civil relationship if both are attending the same event
neither parent will move more than 15 miles from current locations
neither parent will have a non-blood relative member of the opposite sex spend the night while the child is present.

(Yes, there is an attorney involved.  But not all attorneys are equally careful or competent.  I would like to be an intelligent consumer of what the attorney suggests.)


texts: My mother passed away without a will or a spouse we are now in probate, and my mother owes $80,000 on her home which is appraised for a 120,000

texts:
My mother passed away on February 5th of this year. My eldest brother signed his right away to administrate the probate. My mother had no spouse and there are only 3 heirs: me (the youngest) and 2 older brothers. I live 4 and a 1/2 hours away, and I am disabled, yet even though we are still in probate, my brother acting administrator has already kept to himself or gave to my other older brother all of my mother's possessions. My mother had sufficient money in her bank account to cover all debts and funeral costs.
My mother's home was appraised for $120,000, however she still owes 80,000 on the home. My brother tells me that there have been several interested parties but after inspection it has fell through a couple times or the parties did not come to an agreement. My brother has already given all of my mother's possessions to himself or my other brother, or sold them, not to cover any debts owed by her, just so they could get the stuff out of the house so they could sell it, so they tell me. When they were dividing all of this stuff up they did not even call and tell me they were doing so.
I am so sorry if I am not doing this correctly, as I mentioned I am disabled and I'm very confused. Can anyone tell me what the best option would be concerning the sale of her home? I guess my question is if they are unable to sell the home, does the estate just lose out on all the money that my mother paid on the home since it appraised for much more then she owes or what would be the best situation for me and my brothers?


texts: UK Law: Requirement to put guardrails in place in communal garden?

texts:
Question: Is there a legal obligation to put guardrails in place along the top of a wall in a communal grass area?

Background: Our UK terraced property has some communal outdoor grass areas which lead to the top of a 2m walled drop down to the road. The wall has "battlements" (rocks extending periodically from the top), but is very low if approached from above, along the grass areas. A reckless person could potentially fall to the road from the top; however:

(a) there are no paths leading through these grass areas towards the wall-drops

(b) these grass areas are out-of-the-way: the designated paths pass down handrailed stairs, next to the wall-drops, or across them at a distance of about 5m from the top of the wall-drops

(c) there have been no accidents, RIDDOR reports, etc. in the 17 years the property has existed in its present form related to these wall-drops

(d) the grass areas are intended as decorative areas, not for traversal

(e) there are neighbouring children who pass by occasionally

Situation: There are two of these wall-drops. A recent ill-advised management decision removed bushes which were near these wall-drops. These bushes prevented access to one of the wall drops; the other was unguarded. Now the management is considering placing railings, at considerable expense, along the tops of the walls and around the grass areas because of "health and safety". Are such railings a legal obligation? Is anything required, or would "Keep off the grass" signage be sufficient? Would bushes identical to what was there before (blocking access to one wall-drop only) be sufficient?

Other research: My own research has uncovered two similar case studies on the HSE webpage, under the mythbusting section:

(a) A 25-year-old pond (comparable age) did not need railings

(b) A very similar situation had railings as a "sensible approach" but recommended further discussion to find alternatives


texts: Is my overseas music distributor in breach of their licensing agreement? How do I get money owed to me?

texts:
When I first started making music several years ago I used a service called Music Kickup; they're based in Helsinki, Finland and I am based in California, US. They take music I send them, put it on streaming platforms (spotify, apple music, etc.), and when I make money from people streaming me, those streaming services send the royalties to music kickup, then music kickup pays me. The whole "paying me" part is what's getting hung up here. They have not paid me since fall of 2016. You can look at my payment report portal here, accessed at the time of posting this. Section 4 of Music Kickup's licensing agreement says this about payments, I am considered the licensor here:

  Music KickUp shall provide the Licensor with a report of the sale of
  the Licensor’s Recordings via Music KickUp Distribution Service and of
  the accrued royalties. Music KickUp shall post the report to the
  Licensor’s Music KickUp Account within a reasonable time from Music
  KickUp’s receipt of such reports from the Distributors.

  Royalties and other related income accrued from the digital
  distribution of the Licensor’s Recordings and received by Music KickUp
  from the Distributors (hereinafter referred to as “Royalties”) shall
  be credited to the Licensor’s Music KickUp Account within ninety (90)
  days from the receipt of such Royalties by Music KickUp. For avoidance
  of doubt, only Royalties actually received by Music KickUp from
  Distributors shall be credited to the Licensor’s Music KickUp Account.
  Music KickUp shall not be responsible for any delay or neglect of
  payment by Distributors or other third parties.

You can read the rest of their legal documentation here. I'm also entirely certain this is not a delay on behalf of third parties. Spotify, Apple Music, have always been quick to pass my royalties on to other distributors I've used before. I've emailed Music Kickup several times and have either been told that they're fixing it and my payments "will be available soon" (they never are) or they will just flat out stop responding. According to my math they owe me about $5,000 as of today.

I'm fairly confident what they're doing is in breach of the licensing agreement but I have no idea where to start. What can or should I do?


texts: Who has jurisdiction if a crime is committed across an international border?

texts:
Just out of curiosity, which set of laws would be used if you committed a crime across a border?

For example, suppose I were standing on the American side of the America-Canada border. If I were to shoot and kill someone on the Canadian side, which country's laws would be followed?


texts: Is homeowner liable for police injury during raid

texts:
Hypothetically speaking, let's say that a person is very paranoid about intruders, government, end of the world, so on. They decided to buy some land and have a fence around the property with clear markings "do not enter" and warnings that there are "traps" in the area. The person makes every reasonable attempt to warn people not to enter.

Now after sometime, authorities secure a search warrant and approval to raid the house via legal means, and the warrant and raid are both justifiably issued. Let's assume that the person was willing to cooperate with the authorities as well after they had identified themselves. The person is also willing to assist in disarming / identifying any traps.

Would the home owner be liable for any damages done to the authorities if they were injured by his "traps" prior to them identifying themselves or after?

Note:
Trap could be anything in FM 5 31
maybe even an inner electric fence.


texts: Is it possible to arrange remote attendance at Family Law court hearing in the UK?

texts:
It is possible to hire a barrister and be represented.

Is it possible  to hire a barrister and be represented and have a Skype / Hangouts / anything running during the court hearing?

Previous question: What happens if I don't show up to the Court (DRA, Family Court, UK)?

At the end decided to fly back to the UK and attend the court hearing.

Personal rant aside, it was a complete waste of time, waste of money and I'd be very happy to arrange a remote attendance: barrister + Skype.

In one of the court rooms I saw instructions related to video system so surely there is such option...

Before I call the court and ask them, maybe you'll know how is it regulated?


texts: Let's say a father buys a moderately decent house for his daughter to live in for college. 4 years later he sells for a profit. Would capital gains taxes come into play given that the house is his daughters primary residence, but not his?


texts:
My car is registered in California, but I was on a road trip and accidentally passed a red light in Chicago, Illinois. It was yellow, but quickly became red. And I noticed the camera flash (it was 4AM and no traffic). I was surprised.
Generally, how does it work given it's a second state? Should I be concerned?


texts: What is "fair comment" in the context of a defamation suit?

texts:
Suppose there is a nationally known politician, and it is widely reported in the papers that some of his supporters fear leaving their college-aged daughters alone with him.

And suppose someone writes a work that is purportedly fiction, but uses the politician's real name, and in the story, the hero expresses a fear of leaving his 18 year old daughter alone with him (no seduction is alleged, only "fear.")

Under ordinary circumstances, this might be "dafamatory." But would the fact that this is "in line" with other scuttlebutt make it "fair comment," thereby providing a defense against "defamation?"

How (if at all) would the fact that the politician is a public figure change things?


texts:
A relative has recently passed away in Spain.  I live in the UK.

They have left me 20% of their estate, my brother will receive 80%.  I'm expecting this might be 20% of cash and some items such as a mobile home and motorbike, etc.

However they also owned land in Spain that contains an olive grove.  I've heard that this land was bought naively when the relative was in the UK (before they went to live in Spain).  I think the issue is that the land is undesirable, because it's part of an abandoned village that has renovation laws covering it, i.e. something like it can only be renovated back to it's original form and not flattened and rebuilt with new houses.

Whatever the laws, my relative chose to keep the land and simply harvested the olives each year.

My question is, when inheriting 20% of someone's estate, do you get to pick and choose what you take?  I.e. could I take 20% of everything else, but leave my 20% of the land to my brother, or even the Spanish government/crown?


texts: Zipcar won't delete my driver's license from their records; are they legally required to?

texts:
I cancelled my Zipcar account 5 years ago.
Today I tried to re-open it. I created a new account, but it wouldn't allow me to because it said my driver's license was already in use.
I called customer support and the guy at the other end said I would need to re-open my old account. He outlined the steps which involved getting together a bunch of documents and taking photos and emailing them to him. I didn't want to do this because it sounded like too much work and also I don't want Zipcar to have more personal info on me. I figured I could just use a different service like Getaround instead. I asked if they would please just delete my driver's license from their records, but he said they can't do that. Is it legal for them to hold onto my driver's license forever and not give me any way to ask them to delete it?


texts: The legal distinction between gambling and insurance [USA]

texts:
28 US Code §5362(1)(A) defines a bet or wager to be:

  the staking or risking by any person of something of value upon the
  outcome of a contest of others, a sporting event, or a game subject to
  chance, upon an agreement or understanding that the person or another
  person will receive something of value in the event of a certain
  outcome

(1)(E) then explicitly states that this does not include, inter alia, "any contract for insurance".

My question is this: Ignoring (1)(E) and relying solely on the literal text of (1)(A), would insurance contracts have to be considered bets or wagers?


texts: Can Parents Of A Minor Legally Take Away Something That They Own

texts:
I'm under the age of 18 (a minor). Do my parents have the right to take away my personal property?
To clarify this I should mention that my parents are divorced and my dad has legal custody of me but kicked me out and I'm now living with his parents. My dad doesn't want me in his house or on his property. Both of my parents have told me "You're a minor so you don't own anything! Not the money you make or the clothes on your body!" I have purchased stuff that is important to me with the money I've made from work and is on my dad's property. Do I have a right to go and get my stuff since I do not live under his roof?
If so what is the legal document that shows proof that I can go and retrieve my property?


texts: Is it fraud to intentionally mislead a buyer about the value of an item for sale?

texts:
Jimmy intentionally lies to Marco by telling Marco that Jimmy has a Kennedy half-dollar that's worth $800 because Kennedy is facing left not right.
The actual value of the half-dollar is only $0.50.
Marco buys the half-dollar from Jimmy for $100.

Is this transaction legal or is it fraud? If it's fraud, is it also a crime?

Jurisdiction: Illinois


texts: Does software API copyrightability extend across programming languages?

texts:
I was initially going to post this on softwareengineering.stackexchange but after some research I believe this might be more on topic here.

I was recently faced with the problem of needing an open source substitute for a closed source commercial software library for a personal project, mostly because the library did not offer bindings for the language I was working with.

While I later abandoned this approach I initially thought it might be a reasonably idea to reimplement the libraries API myself in the target language. But then I remembered that a couply years ago Oracle had successfully sued Google over their commercial use of a reimplementation of one of their APIs (see this post for reference). While I don't believe any of my personal projects will ever have enough impact to incentivize a large corporation to sue me and I'm also not to sure about the actual licencing/copyright of the library in question this made me wonder whether this court result also sets a precendent for cases like mine in which the functionality of some API is replicated in a sufficiently different technology.

I live in Europe but I would be content with an answer based on US-law, this is solely a matter of interest.


texts: How do 'rules developed entirely by judicial decisions' differ from 'new rules made by judges when they interpret statutes'?

texts:
Source: p 5, How to Study Law (2010 6 ed) by A Bradney, F Cownie, J Masson, A Neal & D Newell.

  Precedents
  Not all legal rules are laid down in an Act Of Parliament or some other piece of legislation. A
  number of legal rules are found in the statements of judges made in the course of deciding
  cases brought before them. Rules that come from judicial decisions, rather than from legislation, make what is called the common law. A common law rule has as much force as a rule
  derived from statute. Many important areas of English law, such as contract, tort, criminal law,
  land law and constitutional law have their origins in common law. An explanation of the different divisions Of law is to be found in Chapter 2. Some of the earliest common law rules still
  survive, though many have been supplemented or supplanted by statute. Common law rules are still being made today, though, as a source of new legal rules, common law is much less important than statute.
     Strictly speaking, the term common law is confined to [1.] rules that have been developed
  entirely by judicial decisions [End of 1.].
  It excludes [2.] new rules made by judges when they interpret statutes [End of 2.]. Most decisions made by judges now involve, at least in part, interpreting statutes.
  [3.]  The
  term case law covers both kinds of decisions [End of 3.].

3 states that case law = 1 + 2, but I cannot discern the differences between 1 and 2.
I use the Set Theory symbol ⊆ to mean 'is a (proper) subset of'.

How exactly does 2 differ from 1? Why is not 2 ⊆ 1, because
judicial decisions (per 1) ⊆  statutory interpretation or legislation (per 2)?

I understand numerical distribution of the sources of law possibly to vary for different cases: but 2 appears not to mean this.


texts: What are the consequences for intentionally providing false information to an online site?

texts:
Suppose you provide a false name and birthdate to a site like Facebook or some other online site that requires accurate information. You do not make any financial transactions or impersonate anyone (you use the name John Doe for example), and you are old enough to use the site in real life. Aside from permanently banning you from using their services (for violation of Terms of Service), can they legally do anything else? Are they likely to legally do anything else?
What if you were not old enough to use the site originally, but are now (say, you created an account at age 12, which is generally not old enough to use websites, but are now eligible)? What if your use of false information allows you to create multiple accounts in violation of the Terms of Service, but this does not lead to any damages? For example, suppose a social media site wants to prevent duplicate accounts, so it searches for users with the same name, birthdate, and IP address, but since you used your real name and birthdate on one and false information on the other, the social media site assumes these are different users.
Assume that this process never required making a fake ID.


texts: I saw on Craigslist a car that used to belong to me for sale with a lower mileage than it had when I sold it (by more than 200000 miles). I want to stop this person from causing any damage, but I contacted police and they say that this is a civil case that should be brought by the future victim of this fraud (they lied though, this is a felony under federal law). I contacted DMV and they say that they will investigate about one month after a formal complaint is filed. In one month the car will be likely to be sold already and the suspect will probably be much harder to track. The DMV informed me that the car still is in my name, although they received already the Declaration of Release of Liability. It does not stop the suspect to be selling using my name and the possible victim filing a lawsuit against me, burdening me with the legal process. I checked the address given by the buyer and noticed that it does not exist, so I assume that the name he gave also is fake. How could I have the suspect stopped before anyone fall victim of this crime?


texts:
Is there any comprehensive list of Iran technology sanctions and the reason they were imposed(especially related to software products and scientific data sets?)

As I remember, some software products were prohibited to be ported to Iran even before nuclear conflicts, like Oracle products.