texts: What is the equivalent for "Consideration" (English common law) in Spanish speaking countries?

texts:
Consideration is a concept of English common law and is a necessity for simple contracts.

Consideration may be thought of as the concept of value offered and accepted by people or organisations entering into contracts. Anything of value promised by one party to the other when making a contract can be treated as "consideration": for example, if A signs a contract to buy a car from B for $5,000, A's consideration is the $5,000, and B's consideration is the car.

Translating into "Consideración" just does not work at all, there must be a concept to explain the same in Latin-American Countries. For instance, how do you call this in Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, etc.? Or in Spain?

Any hint is very welcome.


texts: Is there any way to know (in advance) if a particular arbitrator is fair?

texts:
I take my car to a mechanic near my home for service. Each time I do, the shop creates paperwork that includes an arbitration agreement that specifies a particular arbitrator.

It seems plausible to me that the arbitrator gets a lot of business from such agreements and therefore would have a lot of trouble remaining impartial. Is there any way for me to know whether this arbitrator is fair? How should fairness be defined and assessed under the circumstances?


texts: UK - NHSP refuse to pay for mandatory training

texts:
Background

NHSP (NHS Professionals) is a job agency which offers zero-hours contracts for NHS workers. In many trusts, this is the only way to be employed without having a fixed contract.

I am a student employed by an NHS trust to complete an internship. The trust was happy with the work and asked if I could continue on an as and when basis. They made it clear that, due to trust rules, the only way this would be possible is via NHSP.

NHSP has a "milestone" process where you can work straight away (based on previous NHS employment) but need to complete a new set of employment checks such as DBS and occupational health. They also provide 15 hours of online training plus a half day session. If you don't complete one of these things within a certain timeframe then you get emails threatening to withdraw your application. The milestone process is outlined in some of the paperwork but nowhere does it mention the huge quantity of online training (15 hours is a non-trivial amount of time to spend at a computer answering primary school questions) and nowhere does it mention that you will not be compensated for the time spent. I've been told that this would have been communicated verbally, which I don't remember but don't want to refute.

Question

Are they obliged to pay for the time spent training? If so how can I go about claiming compensation for this?

NHSP has now made it clear that they do not intend to pay me for the time spent. I find this very surprising since the training is effectively mandatory.


texts: Is being terminated at the end of a shift/workday illegal?

texts:
I recall some time ago finding information that an employer firing an employee at the end of their workday was considered illegal.  Discussing my recent termination with a friend, that was the first thing they brought up.  They used to be a manager in this state, though it was many years ago.

I can't find anything besides two Yahoo Answers talking about it, and it seems to be some people chiming in with 1-liners of their interpretation, of which the answer conflict with each other.

In Georgia (USA), is it illegal to knowingly let an employee work a full day of work, only to terminate them at the end of the day?

Does change if they are getting fired or laid off?  I think technically I was laid off, but I don't see much of a distinction.


texts:
I understand that the USA has a "common law" system and that ambiguous written legislation is turned into unambiguous law by courts, such as has happened in many famous Supreme Court rulings.  My understanding is that there is an alternative system ("statute law"?) in which ambiguous legislation stands until courts produce outcomes which are bad or inconsistent enough to force legislators (via the democratic process) to rewrite bad laws or write new ones.  If I've misunderstood please correct me.

Anyway let's say the people favored switching to statue law (or however it is known).  Could this be done?


texts: Entering the US with an expired green card

texts:
I'm a Filipino passport-holder but I also have an expired US green card. I'm currently in South Korea for my master's degree and I wish to visit USA this summer to see family.

My green card's expiry date is August 2017. I applied for a master's program scholarship March 2017, got accepted in June 2017, got my ticket from the scholarship organization July 2017, and flew out August 2017. I didn't (couldn't?) renew my green card due to following reasons:

Yes, I could've renewed 6 months before it expired as recommended, but I didn't expect I'd get a full-ride scholarship for a master's degree. My plan was to renew my green card after graduation (May 2017) because I had to save up $540 for the renewal fee.
Let's say I did renew my green card 6 months before or before it's expiration date AND got accepted to the scholarship program July 2017...

There would be no guarantee that I'd have my greencard before August 2017 as it takes 5-9 months for the new green card to be issued;
If I did renew and got my new green card before August 2017, I'd have to apply for a re-entry permit and that's another 2-3 months of waiting... I was accepted 2 months before so, again, there's no guarantee I'd have said re-entry permit before August 2017.

Because the scholarship process went by so fast, I was a bit stressed with what to do with my green card. I have all intention to remain a US permanent resident but I also couldn't just throw away a FREE master's scholarship program (knowing that US higher-ed is just extremely expensive).

Back to my question...
I want to visit family this coming summer break. But of course I have to come back to Korea to finish my master's... and I plan to go back to USA after obtaining my master's degree. Is my best option to apply for a tourist visa? Do I need to give up my green card? Am I considered as someone who abandoned their residency? Are there other better options in my case that would allow me to visit US for a bit and finish my degree then go back to US?

Also, I'm an "international student" in Korea. I live in my school dorm and have NO purchases of an apartment, car, or any of that. I just have a Korean bank account.


texts: Can I release all my copyrighted works into the public domain upon my death?

texts:
I would like all my copyrighted works into the public domain immediately upon my death (rather than the current United States law specifying that it will be released 70 years after my death). Is this possible to do, for instance by putting a statement to that effect in my last will and testament?

To clarify, I would like this to be for all works not otherwise specified in my will, including those unpublished. For instance, if I scribbled something on the back of a napkin that becomes valuable after my death, I want it to be in the public domain instead of retaining copyright.


texts: WhatsAPI Use for iOS App - legal/illegal ? & Specific boundaries?

texts:
I don't know if this is the right place for this question or if there is a better one, if so, please forgive me :)

I recently bought an Apple Watch and soon enough found out that WhatsApp does not support the Watch, which made me kind of sad. Since i'm a software developer, I had the idea of simply building and distributing such an app through the app store for the other watch owners that felt the same. After searching a little bit, I found some code that I could get working which interacts with web.whatsapp.com, but also stumbled upon this repository where the developer seems to have gotten into trouble with the WhatsApp Inc.

Since I am not experienced in any kind of law (especially not american), I wanted to ask whether it is allowed to build such an app (in general). Where the boundaries of that are, especially for making profit of it, like: In-App-Advertisment, Donations or other ways of making profit. Another interesting thought on profit was to make a website that acts as landing page, that has advertisment on it, what about that ?

As far as I know I am also not allowed to use the Trademark "WhatsApp", any name that is close to "WhatsApp" or their logo or a logo that is looks too similar to the WhatsApp Logo ?

I know that are many questions and it's probably super specific, but that's why I would be even more stoked if somebody could answer them! Thanks in advance!


texts: Is it unlawful to receive a photocopied book?

texts:
In the following, all parties live and all actions are taken entirely within the United States.

  Let us say that a person (Bob) has purchased a book from the book
  store. Bob likes the book enough to give one or more copies to
  friends. Bob does not want to part with his own copy, and Bob does not
  want to pay more than he already has, so Bob photocopies the book and
  gives the copy to Sue.

  Sue knows that the copy she is receiving is a copied book that Bob made for her and that
  copying an entire book is a copyright violation in the United States.
  Still, Sue accepts the book, reads it, and enjoys it enough that she
  passes it along to Alice.

  Alice knows that the copy she is receiving is a copied book and that
  copying an entire book is a copyright violation in the United States, though she is not aware of its origins.
  Still, Alice accepts the book, reads it, and enjoys it.

In doing my research, I can easily see that Bob has violated the copyright. In trying to figure out whether Sue or Alice are also in violation, all the material I am finding is focusing entirely on the act of reproducing the work or of giving it away. I am having difficulty finding anything about receiving such a copied work.

I understand that Sue and Alice could possibly be held accountable for being complicit if they requested the book, especially if Bob copied the book as a direct consequence of such a request. For the purposes of this question, I would like to ignore the "complicit in Bob's copying" aspect of this situation.

Is accepting the book a violation of anything (except being complicit, as mentioned above)? Especially, does is it a violation of copyright? Does the answer change at all between Sue and Alice since Alice can see the book is copied, knows Sue herself did not copy it, but knows nothing of its origins?

Since the receivers of copies are rarely targeted by the copyright holders (or publishers) and generally the illegal distributors are targeted instead, I realize that this may not have been pressed in court, and maybe never will be. If that is the case, "There is no precedent." could be an acceptable answer, and it would explain why I cannot find an answer. However, I expect that there are at least some cases where a precedent of some sort was set and that they are merely being drowned out by all the other information.


texts:
Alice is hoping to use image X, which is posted online on a popular photo-sharing site under the account of Organization B, labeled with copyright and "All Rights Reserved."  Alice's intended use might be considered "fair use" but she's not sure, so asking for permissions just to be sure.  Also, the image is a photo which appears to have been taken to document normal conditions at a particular location which appears to be more or less generally accessible to the public.  It does not appear especially artistic nor are the contents depicted unique enough to be visibly recognizable as a particular point in time.

Alice contacts organization B requesting permission for use of the image.  Organization B responds by saying "That's actually not our photo; we got it from Org C."  Org C owns the land where the photo was taken.  Alice then contacts Org C, and the rights manager says "Sorry, we've checked and that's definitely not our image.  We'd generally say ask Org B instead, but recognizing the circularity, we have no further recommendations."

What are the consequences of Alice's options?  It seems like they include...

Use the image, on the grounds that probably nobody will claim copyright, because the most obvious potential copyright holders expressly disclaim ownership, and an individual might be unlikely to care (and in this particular case, possibly unlikely to recognize the image as uniquely theirs).  An individual photographer could also be deceased, leaving no heirs intimately familiar with the work enough to claim copyright.   Alice would be willing to take the image down if requested to do so.
Spend a lot more time developing the fair use argument.
Avoid any use of the image, because no copyright claimant can be found.
...?

While "avoid engagement in anything potentially even a bit risky" (option 3) seems to be the safest strategy in general, lawyers sometimes explain the risks to clients who then make an informed decision to take some small risk anyway, because they may be outweighed (here, by e.g. the illustrative value of the image).  What are the risks associated with Alice's options?


texts: Are employers legally allowed to pay employees in goods and services equal to or greater than the minimum wage?

texts:
In the United States, full-time employees (not contractors) must be paid a minimum wage per hour.  Assuming both parties agree to it, are they legally allowed to be paid in goods and services equal to or greater than the minimum wage?

For example, if a restaurant worker earns a $7.25 minimum wage, would it be legal for another worker to be paid in $7.25 worth of food per hour?


texts: what prevents defence lawyer from colluding with plaintiff

texts:
I realised I don't understand something fundamental about how the legal process works (surely many things, but here is one):

Say it is a damages case, and a company is sued for a large amount of money.

If the defence lawyers become aware of some damaging information, what mechanism prevents them from sharing it with the plaintiff's team, in exchange for a percentage of the settlement in case the plaintiff wins?

I guess if it were found out, the parties would be disbarred? That seems a rather week preventative measure, since the two legal teams merely have to keep their communication secret.

Is there anything else that prevents this from happening?


texts: Can a design freelancer be sued for “potential earnings lost” by a client?

texts:
I am a freelance graphic designer working part time

We didn’t have a signed contract for any work (my mistake- I only work through friends and family referrals part time).

I was making a new website for him in a sub domain from a template under his current site (still fully up and running) for a new business he is trying to launch, as well as a flyer for another one of his businesses. The flyer was sent to him complete and the website is complete except for a few things that I’ve repeatedly explained are solely up to him to do (testing and going over it etc) it is just not “live” yet

I told him I did not want to do any work for him anymore due to his volitile nature and unprofessionalism, as well a bullying nature - and because he has a tendency to fly off the handle and blame me for his poor business decisions.

I have told him I’m not charging him for anything I have done in order to remove myself from this toxic working situation, including the remaining balance left on the website and the entire flyer design.

He now is threatening to sue me for potential earnings lost this upcoming year on his end because I have chosen to not work with him anymore. Is this possible? He doesn’t get that I, as a freelance designer, am not being paid to run his business nor am responsible for his companies future sales. I have a long email paper trail of all the issues and believe he is just angry. But he's psychotic. He’s threatening to go to a lawyer and sue me for the money he could have made from my work (even though I’ve handed it all over to him).

The amount I’m being paid from him is not worth the headache and constant confusion. Please let me know your thoughts


texts: Must the defendant be addressed by the prosecution during trial by their chosen name?

texts:
There are many forms of a name, some of them are informal, some are more formal than what is used commonly.

For example, with the name William, there's William itself, Will, Billy, etc.

If the prosecution insisted on addressing the defendant with a specific name form that was not the defendant's chosen form of address, would the defence be able to object to it?

For example, if the prosecutor decided to refer to someone calls himself Will during the trial, would calling him William or Billy be objectionable at all, and the form "Will" be forced for future references?


texts: Law in Japan prohibiting (or just not authorizing?) fines "on people who refuse to stay home"?

texts:
France24 writes about Covid-19 handling in Japan:

  Unlike in other countries, Japanese authorities are not allowed by law to impose fines or other penalties on people who refuse to stay home. That relaxed approach is partly down to bitter memories of World War II.

What law is this referring to? And was it really adopted in some way relating to WWII (restrictions)? Or am I misunderstanding this (rather unclear) passage? Is it simply talking about a lack of a law authorizing such measures?


texts: Is it legal to instruct an employee not to put contract concerns in writing?

texts:
TL;DR
My COO sent me a contract that would amend an existing employment term (salary). I raised concerns regarding the terms of the contact. COO explicitly told me

you don't need to put it in writing.

With respect to New York State / New York City employment or contact law, is it strictly legal to suggest or instruct employees not to put contract concerns in writing?
Background
Yesterday my CEO announced via email that they made the decision to cut salaries. My COO responded to that email to everyone individually asking them to sign an attached document by EOD the following day. The attached document was a contract that would reduce my salary by 20% with no other changes to other existing employment terms (e.g. my employment contract). The next day the COO and I had a  call discussing the email and attached document. In that call I expressed concerns regarding the terms of the contract. When the COO expressed that they would bring it up w/ the CEO I said that I'd put my concerns in writing. In response to that the COO said

you don't need to put it in writing.

Obviously this is a red flag. At best the COO suggested to not document the concern. AT worst it was an implied instruction to not document the concern. Additionally, I was explicitly raising concerns over the terms of a proposed contract that would change my existing employment contract.
Errata

I'm employed in New York City. So New York City, New York State, and United States law would apply here.

My employment is not unionized

Question
With respect to United States / New York State / New York City employment or contract law, is it strictly legal to suggest employees not to put contract concerns in writing?
Answers/Responses to comments
(Creating this ahead of time in case there is any more explanations or details required)
Put it in writing
(I'm answering this pre-emptively)
Immediately after the call I did put my concerns in writing.


texts: Lease ends at the end of the month. Verbally agreed to pay monthly moving forward, with 30 days notice. Am I under legal obligation?

texts:
My current one year lease ends at the end of this month (i.e., in 3 days).  Because I was having trouble finding a new place I called the owners and asked if it would be possible to stay on with my current place month to month.  They said that would be fine, they just want 30 days notice before I leave.  I can't recall the conversation exactly but I believe that I agreed to this.  This was all done over the phone, I have not signed anything new.

Last minute a new place came through.  So I'm signing a lease on the new place tomorrow that starts at the first of the month.  I obviously no longer have any need for month to month renting at the old place.

I'm just wondering if by "verbally agreeing" to give them 30 days notice moving forward I would be legally obliged to pay for another month's rent there to cover that 30 days?  Or would that not matter since nothing new was signed and my current lease is still in force?  (I.e., I haven't actually started a new month yet under the month to month agreement?)

This is all happening in the suburbs of Chicago if that is relevant.


texts:
Imagine a scenario where I am an artist selling my music on Apple's iTunes platform.

Legally, would it be appropiate to create 200+ accounts on iTunes, add funds to it and purchase my own music to boost my sales/position on the chart. I live in UK.

Would this be against iTunes's policies? if so, what legal workarounds are there, if any.


texts: Is it legal to pick locks to gain access to an area you're allowed to be in, in Canada?

texts:
After a bit of discussion regarding my answer for this question in the Workplace Stackexchange, I got to wondering:
Is it legal to pick a lock to gain access to an area you're authorized to enter in Canada, without getting permission to pick the lock? For instance, you're legally allowed to enter your workplace, so would it be legal to pick a lock to gain access to it, rather than using the intended methods of opening the lock? If you're allowed to go there, you wouldn't be committing a crime like Criminal Trespass or Breaking and Entering, right? Are there any other laws that would make this illegal there?


texts: How does one handle Item 57 on I-130 if the beneficiary lives in the US but has a foreign name?

texts:
On USCIS I-130, Part 4, Item 57, it asks for the name and foreign address.

However, my spouse is living in the US with me, so does not currently have a foreign address.

Should I just write the name in characters and leave the foreign address blank, or fill in our state in the Province field?


texts: Giving my address to friend to collect his posts

texts:
My friend's renting ran out before he can find another one, so he's sharing at some other's home (not mine). He asked if he can use my address for his posts so I agreed. Today I received a letter from UK court service, which gets me worried. I called him immediately but he said it's just very minor things.

My question is

Suppose it's indeed minor, what liabilities do I have if he ignores it?
I'm a foreigner, will it affect my visa and its extension? Will it affect my credit score? Under the case if he satisfies the court and if he ignores the letter.
What if it's a criminal offense?

Of course if the risk is not too high, I don't want to hurt the friendship. Otherwise, I still have the letter so can return it with "recipient not living here"


texts: Under Nixle's Terms of Service, am I allowed to analyze e-mail alerts?

texts:
I'm looking to create an application that correlates flood watches/warnings with road flooding reports. The road flooding reports may be available on Nixle. Thus, the idea is for the user of my application to get e-mail alerts from Nixle that will be filtered, and the alerts about floods will be stored in a database. Nixle's TOS say I will not:

  collect users, content or information, or otherwise access the
  Services or Content, using automated means (such as harvesting bots,
  robots, spiders, or scrapers) without our permission;

Does this mean the answer is no, or are they referring specifically to downloading such data directly from the Website?


texts: Who needs to implement Cookie Consent for embedded content?

texts:
Given a page X that doesn't use cookies or only uses necessary cookies per GDRP and as such, doesn't need explicit Cookie Consent. The X is then modified to include a Youtube video using <iframe> element. (Youtube is used here as an example only. This question is about combining content from multiple different hosts in general.)
It seems that commonly believed solution is to require Cookie Consent on the host page. Why? The cookie is not set by the host document server. Its value cannot ever be seen by the server providing the host document for the <iframe> element even if the server administrator wanted to monitor their users.
To me, the obvious solution to the problem is that if the embedded document wants to save non-necessary cookies, it should provide the cookie consent before storing such cookies.
Are there any prior decisions in some jurisdiction that specify that host document should request the cookie consent instead? And if so, how the host document is supposed to transfer information about this consent to embedded content hosting server? It doesn't sound reasonable to me that if your document is embbedded in a <iframe> element, you don't ever need the consent to set non-necessary cookies.


texts: What's the difference between 'a free state' and an 'independent state?'

texts:
According to Daniel Parton, an associate professor of law at Boston University, in March 1946, the French Government recognised the Republic of Vietnam as 'a free state' but not as an independent one ... having its own 'government, it's parliament, it's army and it's finance.'
Q. What was the difference between 'free state' and 'independent state' that he French government relying upon?


texts:
Let's imagine there are two countries Molandia and Rolandia.

Both speaking the same language, but as they are nationalist countries, that language is named respectively molandese in Molandia and rolandese in Rolandia.

Both countries try to impose their variant of the language name on the international community.

Is there a (international?) law mechanism that would require Rolandia or Moldandia to apply within their respective countries, the other country's language name?
Is there a (international?) law mechanism that would restrict one of the countries to use its own name in international groups/forums like the UN, NATO or EU?


texts: Do I need to share a (consented) recording of a conversation

texts:
I recorded a meeting, which all parties (2 people from one company and myself) were aware of and agreed to.

The conversation that was recorded contains some controversial remarks made by the other party.

Am I legally obliged to share the recording? What if the other party requests a copy of it?

I fully intend on sharing but was hoping to some legal advice on the remarks beforehand.

There are other issues ongoing, and particularly as I was outnumbered, I made the recording to protect my own interests - I am trying to seek some free legal counsel for the overarching situation...

...after a very positive initial meeting, the law centre I first engaged came back after around a week and advised they could not take the case due to complexity and time associated.

Thanks for your time.


texts: Tenant refuses communication via phone or email

texts:
I am a landlord with one rental dwelling, currently occupied by tenants who will be departing in a few months' time.

The tenant gave us their intention to move last week. Consequently, we posted an advertisement on Kijiji. We had a few people interested in taking a look and notified the tenants 48 hours in advance of viewing but the tenants denied us entry. We rescheduled for 96 hours in advance, with the tenant promising to clean the place up, but did not. We emailed and asked the tenants to clean up the place next time during viewing. Tenants replied that they felt harassed and refuse to further communication via phone or email. They want us to drop a mail off each time we want to communicate. We tried to reason but they threatened nonpayment if email communication continues.

The property is in Ontario. My question is, do we need to listen to the tenants' request or do we have the right to continue communicating with them via email?


texts: Do I as a European Union citizen have the right to watch TV shows outside my country and download in my country?

texts:
In the UK, it is possible to download TV shows in the UK and watch them afterwards outside the UK.

http://iplayerhelp.external.bbc.co.uk/tv/watch_outside_uk

I would like to know if this is based on EU regulations or just UK regulations. If it is based on EU regulations, it should be possible in other EU countries as well.


texts: Who prosecutes the crime of opening someone else's mail?

texts: Opening or throwing out mail addressed to someone else, such as a previous tenant, is a felony with possible jail time and a statute of limitations of five years. But when is this ever prosecuted? If you know this crime has occurred, who should you report it to?


texts:
How does GDPR work with insurers in relation to refusing information about pre-existing medical conditions? Due to it being special category data. As in, which of the "conditions for processing special category data" would apply?

https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/lawful-basis-for-processing/special-category-data/

My first thought was it would be consent-based (condition a), but under consent, it is noted that you should avoid making consent a precondition of service.

The only other one that slightly fits is condition h) in "the provision of health or social care or treatment or the management of health or social care systems"

But its a bit of a stretch. Are they likely to make consent a pre-condition of service anyway, or is there a more appropriate way?


texts: Dispute about whether a day consists of 7.5 or 8 hours

texts:
I've recently run into a dispute for an invoice with a company for whom I'm doing IT contract work about the number of hours in a work day. We agreed on a rate of £N a day, which I had assumed to mean N/7.5 as an hourly rate. However, they have recently said that "everyone contracting here assumes an 8-hour day". The contract that I signed doesn't state either way which one is correct. However, if I adjust said invoice to assume an 8 hour day, I will lose 6.25% of my revenue (assuming my maths is correct).

Without this being specified in the contract (or verbally at any point before today), is it legally acceptable to state that 7.5 hours is the standard amount and that I should bill as such, and what can I do about resolving this issue?

Also what should be done about going into the future with this work and asking for a revised contract? Can I request 6.25% to be added on to my day rate, or ask to be billed on a 7.5 hour basis, and have that stand up against their legal team if push came to shove?

I am invoicing on an hourly basis rather than by half-day/day, and have done many hours of overtime.

Thanks in advance for any help.


texts:
I'm hoping to use software from the Windows 10 Operating System in an academic research project. I'm struggling to understand some of the wording in the terms found here:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/Useterms/Retail/Windows/10/UseTerms_Retail_Windows_10_English.htm
I'm hoping to analyse the software in a way that could be considered 'Reverse Engineering'. Under section 2.c.iv it says you may not:

reverse engineer, decompile, or disassemble the software, or attempt to do so, except and only to the extent that the foregoing restriction is (a) permitted by applicable law; (b) permitted by licensing terms governing the use of open-source components that may be included with the software; or (c) required to debug changes to any libraries licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License which are included with and linked to by the software;

Therefore I believe I'm not allowed to analyse the software as I was hoping to. However I think I may be allowed as an Academic.
Section 14.d

Limited rightsversions. If the software version you acquired is marked or otherwise intended for a specific or limited use, then you may only use it as specified. You may not use such versions of the software for commercial, non-profit, or revenue-generating activities.
(i) Academic. For academic use, you must be a student, faculty or staff of an educational institution at the time of purchase.

If I was to purchase a software version that is not marked as limited rights, but is intended for a specific and limited use, whilst being a student of an academic institution, I assume this means I can use the software solely for academic purposes.
Section 13.c says

The academic use restriction in Section 14.d(i) below does not apply in the jurisdictions listed on this site: (aka.ms/academicuse).

I'm struggling to understand the wording here. If i qualify for academic use as explained above. Does this mean I can reverse engineer the software, as it prohibits in 2.c.iv?
Thank you


texts: Can I sell origin accounts with games on eBay?

texts: I wanted to ask if I can sell Origin accounts on eBay... is it illegal if I sell them? I have 1 account that I don’t use and it has the sims 4 with almost all the packs and I was thinking to sell it because I don’t use it anymore.. also i heard that lot of people can play in one account (account sharing) so if I sell the account for cheap to 5-6 people will it be illegal? If someone report me will I have problems with law?? The account will be shared to 5-6 people.. I decided to sell it cheap but because I want to make some money of the account’s worth I thought that it may be good to sell it to more people..


texts:
Recently I saw an ad for a new reality TV show on FOX called "You the Jury".

  On Thursday, the network announced "You the Jury," a new prime-time,
  unscripted reality show that allows the audience to render a verdict
  in a civil case.

Can this be real? Where anonymous people decide someone's fate in a civil case.


texts: Are generalized descriptions of suspects considered lawfully admissable?

texts:
My question mainly pertains to descriptions law enforcement receives from individuals reporting a crime.

My example would be as follows:

Officer John receives complaint of irate black male with short hair wearing a white T-shirt and Jeans. He responds, but the person in question is no longer located at said location. He then spots an individual within a few thousand feet of said location. The state in which he is currently in does not require to show ID so long as no crimes have been committed. The black male refuses to show his ID card because he has been mistaken for someone else, making the argument that he has done nothing wrong.

The officer then explains that he must provide ID because his description fits what the officer was told and that he is within direct proximity of the area. Again the individual refuses and claims "Racial profiling". By reasoning of Vague and generalized interpretation of appearance.

He claims that many black individuals wear white T-shirts and jeans.
This in and of itself is not a false statement. Does the officer have the right to arrest this individual? Perhaps even detain him at the least for simply fitting a description with such a vague amount of information?


texts: Can a debt collector legally demand payment and threaten a credit score effect without validation of the debt until requested?

texts:
I live in the state of Maryland. Several years ago I went to the ER to have an injury treated. I presented my insurance at the time of the injury. About a month ago (several years after the ER visit) I was contacted by Phoenix Financial Services, a debt collection agency saying I owed a significant amount of money for the physician portion of the services (the hospital was paid separately).

Recently, I found out from my insurance that the physician's billing services never billed them. My insurer notified me that per the insurer's contract with this physician group, the physician group may not bill the patient until they have submitted a claim. So, not only should this group have never sent this bill to a debt collector, they shouldn't have sent me a bill in the first place.

I called the physician group today and they agreed they will write the bill off after confirming that I am eligible for my insurance.

I have Googled around and learned briefly about the concept of debt validation. Here is what I don't understand. Per the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, it appears that a debt collector can demand payment (with the threat of harming your credit score) until you request a debt validation. Is it true that a debt collector has no responsibility to validate the debt (e.g. make sure it's legit) until after you ask them?


texts: 14 day rental rule and 1099 Misc. How to report?

texts: I rented my house for 12 days to a movie production company. I understand that I don't have to report the income (or any expenses). However, the production company sent me a 1099 Misc for rents, which was also sent to the IRS. So how do I report this?


texts: Is home buyer allowed to back out from purchase in case seller sent materially different disclosure form after buyer removed contingencies?

texts:
Before visiting a property seller sent C.A.R. TDS form via email that stated that "guest house was remodeled without permits". Since guest house was advertised as part of property and included in legal living area then buyer assumed that it was built with permits, but merely just remodeled without permits.
Then buyer made offer that seller accepted. Buyer removed all contingencies.
However, after inspection contingency was removed the seller sent to buyer a new and updated C.A.R. TDS form that clearly states "guesthouse was remodeled and built without permits".
Two questions:

Can buyer back out from purchase as he is getting different property than seller advertised (less bedrooms and legal living square footage)?
Was it buyer's responsibility during one of the contingencies to find out about unpermitted work?


texts: Did Kamala Harris obstruct justice, if Tulsi Gabbard's claim is to be taken at face value?

texts:
Background

In the second night of the second 2020 Democratic Primary debate, Rep. Tulsi Gabbard claimed the following:

  She blocked evidence -- she blocked evidence that would have freed an innocent man from death row until the courts forced her to do so.

Question

If taken at face value (not saying it is actually true) for the sake of argument, does this fall under obstruction of justice?


texts: Were the US Articles of Confederation formally repealed?

texts:
The Constitutional Convention was originally intended to revise the Articles of Confederation.  At some point, the framers decided to start from scratch instead, and produced the Constitution, which fully came into effect when ratified by 13 states in 1790.

For the most part, the Constitution of 1787 covers the same topics as the Articles of Confederation, and obviously the Constitution takes precedence in case of conflict.  However, nowhere in the US Constitution does it mention the Articles of Confederation, nor does it explicitly state that it supersedes it entirely.

So, what, if anything, would prevent Canada from hypothetically demanding to be admitted as the 51st state, as stipulated in Article Ⅺ?

  Canada acceding to this confederation, and adjoining in the measures of the United States, shall be admitted into, and entitled to all the advantages of this Union; but no other colony shall be admitted into the same, unless such admission be agreed to by nine States.


texts: County of Sacramento v. Lewis - who owned the motorcycle?

texts:
In County of Sacramento v. Lewis oral arguments, as found on Oyez, Justice Scalia said, questioning the counsel for respondent Philip Lewis

  And he owned the motor cycle, didn't he?

  And he owned the motor cycle.

But Philip Lewis at the time was 16 years old. How could he have owned a motorbike? Could he even ride it?


texts: Does the GNU Affero GPL help to protect against closed source if the application is run on a remote server?

texts:
Edit

The point is that my application does not involve network interaction and so won't do any modifications to it. Instead it provides an interface for receiving local input (e.g. a file) and provides local output in return. I am concerned about the situation where someone runs my (modified) application on a remote server and provides an external file uploading service for receiving user inputs. Users would only interact directly with this file upload which in turn serves the files to my application. So the only one interacting directly with my application would be the file uploading service (which is operated by the same person). However my application is the one producing all the results and would be the main purpose why users interact with that upload service in the first place. In that case I want to be able to receive the source code of the (modified) application. I'm not sure if the AGPL covers such cases. On the other hand I also can't believe that this scenario falls under "private use of the program" because it's functionality is made available to the public.

I'm about to release an application and yet need to choose a license for it. I care very much about the source code of the application and any derived work to be freely available forever. The GNU GPL family seems to provide good options. Now the application is special in a sense that the users don't need to interact with it directly but only need to provide some input and they receive some output in return (as it is the case for an image converter for example). If someone now modifies the application, hosts it on a remote server and provides a user interface for receiving input and providing output then I want to require them to publish their source code. This summary about the GNU Affero GPL sounds like it could help:

  Users who interact with the software via network are given the right to receive a copy of the source code.

However while scanning through the GPL FAQ if found the following pointer:

http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#AGPLv3InteractingRemotely

  In AGPLv3, what counts as “interacting with [the software] remotely through a computer network?”
  If the program is expressly designed to accept user requests and send responses over a network, then it meets these criteria. Common examples of programs that would fall into this category include web and mail servers, interactive web-based applications, and servers for games that are played online.
  If a program is not expressly designed to interact with a user through a network, but is being run in an environment where it happens to do so, then it does not fall into this category. For example, an application is not required to provide source merely because the user is running it over SSH, or a remote X session.

This really sounds like the opposite. My program is not designed to be operated over a network but this can be easily done by developing a corresponding user interface which feeds the input to the program via its standard interface.

I'm not sure what the actual benefit of the  AGPL for my application would be. Can anybody clarify on this topic and explain whether the GNU Affero GPL would require someone, who hosts the application on a remote server and provides a separate user interface for input/output, to publish the source code of the (modified) application?


texts: Was it legal in 2004 to sell a minor an airline ticket from the US to a foreign country without proof of parental consent?

texts:
Alone, when I was 17 (born 1987), I bought a ~$537 round-trip web/internet ticket (for a 2-week trip to Amsterdam by way of Germany) and returned at age 18. I did not have official parental consent, and I was not asked for proof of consent.
Did the airport/airline who made money and/or the travel agent who made money break the law?
As with all my law/legal questions, I do not intend to litigate and do not need legal advice, so I am seeking general legal knowledge, what happens in such situations, what laws apply, how well does the law work covering these factors?

In terms of "minors should be protected from unscrupulous merchants taking unfair advantage of their naivete" and "minors should be restricted from jetting off to parts unknown, for their own safety", I did not mean to distinguish one or the other though, judgement could be for both issues, if a line was crossed, either is applicable.


texts: How/when do the parties know that a contract is a "go?"

texts:
This is a followup to this question, in which the seller's attorney was tasked with tracking the fulfillment of four preconditions that needed to be cleared. Is the lawyer supposed to give an "all clear" signal after his tracking shows that all four preconditions have been met (and not before)? Is that when the parties are supposed to act (e.g. the buyer takes over the property, the seller deposits the money)?
And what happens if the lawyer wrongly certifies that all preconditions have been met, when in fact, that was not the case? (The missing precondition is enough to defeat the purpose of the contract.)


texts: Using Lithium-poly battery in a commercial product

texts:
Not sure where to post this question.
I gave a product using rpi 3 and it is being used as an external nighttime camera.
I add here that I do not expect this product to make me rich as it has been done all before. I am just trying to improve my portfolio.
After trial and error, to last 8 hrs of taking JPEG’s detectable on motion I would need to use a 20000mAh battery capacity.
.
The only thing I see capable of that is to use a lithium battery and have it housed inside a waterproof container with my pi and camera.

Realising for the 1st time that the postage of lithium batteries needed to be handled with care I can imagine there may be safety requirements using this type of battery with the intention of commercial selling.

I don’t want to cause a fire hazard etc.

Appreciate I will he told to see legal advice but I am not doing this for profit and I can’t be the only one on this site who needed to consider this even if it was just for personal use.

This is product created in the Uk for just UK customers
Thanks


texts: Are officials shielded from implementing an executive order later considered unconstitutional?

texts:
Suppose that the President of the United States issues an executive order that violates the constitution.  Can officials carrying out the executive order be considered guilty of violating the constitution, or are they shielded until a court order declares the unconstitutionality?  What if it's clearly unconstitutional (e.g., assassinate my opponent)?

(Question inspired by EO 13769, against which legal challenges are ongoing, but I'm interested in general answers.)


texts: Can a trademark owner prevent third parties to create software for the related trademark service?

texts:
Pinterest is a social sharing web site.

https://pinterest.com

I have created a software that helps users to share photos online to Pinterest easily and quickly.

https://addons.opera.com/en-gb/extensions/details/shareaholic-for-pinterest/

It is named Shareaholic for Pinterest. It is free.

Today I got a trademark notice from Pinterest lawyers that the software should be removed because it is using the Pinterest trademark.

Other than the name of the software there is no trademark usage. And the naming also follows the for convention like

"gadget for iPhone"

or

"tool for Microsoft"

There is a proper disclaimer also that states the software is not affiliated with Pinterest in any way.

There is no icon or logo or any other design assets that belongs to Pinterest Inc.

So, rather than the name of the software or any other possible issues, Pinterest lawyers are trying to take the software by simply it is a utility for their service.

But I wanted to ask that can a trademark owner prevent any other person/company to create software for its trademark just simply for they do not feel like it?

BTW, there are hundreds of software out there for Pinterest that still exists, even they are using logo of the Pinterest and some even claim the software belongs to Pinterest.

What is my option now? Should I just take down the software just there is a Pinterest phrase in the name of the  software which is Shareaholic for Pinterest?


texts:
I heard that Satanists in USA are legal and are even represented in the counsil of the churches and have "study books" used in school.

In Russia there is a law that acts which are done to harm somebody other are illegal.

Does the US have a similar law? If so, would the courts consider Satanism harmful and thus illegal (based on the fact that Satan's purpose as he is described in certain religions is to harm and the purpose of Satanists may be to follow Satan as described in certain religion)?


texts: Can a defendant in a child pornography case get access to the actual material as evidence in California?

texts:
I am engaged in a semi-civil discussion regarding a recent case about a person in California who is accused of being in possession of child pornography. The person on the other side is of the opinion that, while it's a terrible thing to give the accused access to alleged illegal material, it is better that it be possible than the state being allowed to deny evidence to the defense.
They cite a case in Washington wherein a man who already admitted that he had molested children, and due to a combination of what I consider to be bad judgement by the state's supreme court, and a legal loophole dealing with the defendant representing themselves, was permitted to view the recordings he had made of the act while in jail and awaiting trial. Under strict observation rules of course.
My argument is that not all actual physical evidence is accessible to the defendant, or even the defense team. In many cases facsimiles such as video or photos of the evidence would suffice. As would test results and the findings of experts. In a case like this however, the evidence itself is already video or photos, and handing it over would be akin to handing over a murder weapon, or drugs.
Morality of this scenario aside, is it possible in the state of California, following the law as written regarding access to evidence for the defense, or based upon prior decisions of the state's court system, for the actual defendant in a child pornography case to have access to the actual imagery/video declared as evidence in the case? I say "actual defendant" because I want to distinguish between the defense attorney being granted access, and the defendant themselves.


texts: Wikipedia links to books & Mir publishers

texts:
In some pages there are links to books on archive.org, does anyone know if these links can be trusted when it comes to not violating copyright rules?

I am particularly interested in a book from "Mir publishers". This publishing company closed down, does that make its copyrights void or am I obliged to buy from the remaining copies?


texts: Friend had a right of way accident in a parking lot entrance

texts:
In Charleston, SC. What is the speed limit in a parking lot?

My friend was cited for failure to yield right of way entering a commercial (grocery store strip mall) parking lot as another driver was exiting parking lot at high rate of speed.


texts:
I had a lawyer form an LLC in New York, where I reside, that I used to buy rental property. I paid for the property using money from my personal bank account. The property deeds are in the name of the LLC. No one else besides me has an interest in the LLC.

However, the articles of organization of the LLC don't mention me, and as far as I can tell from the documentation I received, my name wasn't mentioned when the lawyer filed for the LLC.

My lawyer tells me that this is OK and that I am the "sole member" of the LLC regardless. Is that true? If not, should I do something to register myself as a member of the LLC?


texts: Do i have to disclose all processors to my controller? EU-GDPR

texts:
I'm working as a processor, we host and develop an online information portal (analysis) for customers of different controllers (all working in the same kind of buisness).

The different controllers are sending us customer data (production data, something like the quality of an product).

This information we visualize for the customer. Now because of GDPR we have to disclose our own processors to the controllers. The problem is some of our controllers have an own "customer-quality-portal" so they are also competitors. If we disclose some of our processors (the developing ones) to them, they could also work with them and then we could lose some of our competitive advantage.

In short: Are there ways to comply with GDPR and not disclose all our processors to our controller?


texts: How to contest compensation as an independent contractor

texts:
I am curious how I would go about contesting how I was compensated as an independent contractor to the IRS for tax purposes. Is there an official channel for this or do I have to go some sort of court, small claims court.

This question is specific to CA, USA.

Long story short, I am doing my taxes for lyft and how the payments work as I understand it is: Either the rider pays me 'the driver or independent contractor' the ride total and I pay lyft their 25% the for using their services OR the rider pays lyft and they pay me AFTER they have taken out the fee/expense per ride.

Now, I am curious because they list my AGI (adjusted gross income) as 25% more. As in I am payed by the rider and give them their cut, yet the amount I am payed does not include that when I am payed at the end of the week. So it seems they take the money from the passenger, deduct their cut and pay me.

So why am I paying income tax on money I didn't receive?


texts:
I was reading an opinion in HUDGINS V. I.R.S., (D.D.C. 1985) regarding the ruling that the government is not required to answer "questions disguised as FOIA requests."

https://casetext.com/case/hudgins-v-irs

I think this view is entirely wrong.  In my view, it is not the fact that a FOIA request appears to be a question which disqualifies the FOIA request.  The only thing that can disqualify a FOIA request is the fact that "records" are not "reasonably described."

I am currently requesting from my state attorney general's office the "laws which are being used to justify X actions by the executive."

While it is true that this could be rephrased as a question, it does not fail to 1) "reasonably describe" 2) "records".  Since I am asking the attorney general's office, they are either using laws to justify a course of action or they are not.  If they are, then they know what records I mean.  That is reasonably describing.  And of course, laws are records.  If they are not using laws to justify their actions, then of course they do not know what I mean.  In that case, the law provides that they should say so.

Either way, you see the trap here, do you not?

The question: Based upon more than just Hudgins, is there anything to support my FOIA/FOAA(Maine) request as being valid?

My jurisdiction is Maine


texts: Who is owed royalties when a song samples a song that has sampled another song?

texts: When I first heard Alessia Cara's song "Here" I thought she had directly sampled Portishead's "Glory Box" which in turn samples Isaac Hayes' "Ike's Rap II".  I later found this was not true, but this kind of sampling-a-sample situation is not uncommon.  WhoSampled.com terms this a "sample chain".  In such chains who is owed royalties?  Had Alessia Cara sampled Portishead would she owe royalties to Portishead, Isaac Hayes or both?


texts: Is it legal for a landlord to refuse a lease because an Occupant on the application is an undocumented immigrant?

texts:
(For clarity: Applicant - the adult financially responsible for the lease. Occupant - anyone over the age of 18 that will be residing with the Applicant but is not financially responsible for the lease.)

Is it legal for a landlord to refuse a lease application for the sole reason that an Occupant included in the application is an undocumented immigrant despite the Applicant being a US Citizen?

Examples would include a US Citizen who is seeking housing to live with his/her legal spouse or adult child who is an undocumented immigrant. In this case, the Citizen would be the Applicant and the spouse or child would only be included in the rental application as an Occupant.

One justification some landlords give is that they are unable to process a background or credit check without an SSN, however some resources such as this one seem to make that defense untenable.

I'm not an attorney but it seems to me that refusing to lease housing to an undocumented immigrant, who meets all other requirements and is only an Occupant, based solely on their immigration status is nearly equivalent to refusing to sell other necessities such as food, water or clothing to a person simply because of their immigration status. Or perhaps even worse, refusing to sell those necessities to a Citizen who is buying those necessities with or for an undocumented immigrant.

(Potentially relevant is the case of Lozano vs City of Hazleton where the Supreme Court denied to City of Hazleton their appeal to an earlier decision that ruled as unconstitutional a city ordinance that prohibited landlords to rent to undocumented immigrants. The basis for the decision was mostly due to local government being deemed to have overreached into the arena of immigration enforcement - an area explicitly reserved for the Federal government.)


texts: Is there such a thing as "indirect" defamation?

texts:
A says to B, "You are a lousy drug dealer." They are overheard by a bystander, C, with consequent damage to B, who really isn't a drug dealer.

My understanding is that "defamation" does not exist for conversations between two parties, but does occur when one or more third parties become involved. So the issue here is, at what point does C become a third party. I'll use two cases for illustration:

1) A, B, and C are together in the same room. A addressed B but not C.

2) A and B are inside a building, C walks by at the "right" moment and overhears A's remarks through an open window. He also sees A and B.

Do either or both of these cases constitute defamation of B by A to C?


texts: Can the warranty on a laptop be transferred to a new owner?

texts: I'm currently interested in selling my laptop so that I can use the money to help purchase one that better satisfies my needs. It's still in very good condition (no mark or dents) and has only been used for a year. I have bought a 3-year warranty on it which I had purchased with the device from the local supply retail chain and I still possess the receipt for it, so I'm hoping I can recoup some of the cost back by offering both the product and the warranty. Would the new owner of the device be able to utilize the warranty if I give him the receipt? Could there be a security issue if my receipt no longer falls under my possession (I had paid for it with credit card and the receipt mentions the authorization number, which card I had used, and the last 4 digits of the card)?


texts:
Is there any limit to the length of a contract ? Can someone sign a 10000 page long contract that would basically take years to interpret with some repeating but relevant clauses .
Example : a contract has clause 1 refer to clause 89 which refers to clause 10000


texts: Do I need a permission to create an avatar or a game character based on an Manga/Anime/Cartoon character?

texts:
I was thinking of creating digital characters that then I can use as an avatar in a VR (Virtual Reality) chat or in a small game. It is not initiated by any company or anything so I don't know what are the legal limitation. I just like to show up as the character I like and I know a lot of other people do as well, so I though I could create it, but I am afraid of being sued.
I also like to know if it makes any difference if the product is free or for commercial use. Any other details would also be appreciated of course.


texts: UK - Responsibility when house is not built to standards

texts:
Apologies if this is not the right group.
I bought a house last February (new build) and there are a few issues.
We sent the list of issues to the builder who is supposed to fix them.

One that is really bothering me is a spot light hanging out of the ceiling in the bathroom. I suspect it's a safety issue. After 4 month we are still waiting for it to be fixed.

Since things don't seem to be moving I'd like to report the issue to someone, but I don't know who.

Is there a body in the UK supposed to enforce the houses are built correctly and issues fixed? Or I'll have to sue the builder directly?


texts: Is it legal to purchase Kaplan IT Training bundle by more than one people? If it is legal, how many people can use it at the same time?

texts:
We're planning to purchase this bundle from Kaplan IT Training by people more than one.

However, firstly, we want to know this kind of purchase is legal or not.

And if it is legal, how many people can use it at the same time?

Thanks for your help..


texts: Is it legal to display Buddhist/Hindu swastikas in Germany?

texts:
In Germany, it is illegal to publicly display Nazi symbols, including the swastika. However, the swastika (and its chiral counterpart, the sauwastika) are Buddhist and Hindu religious symbols with thousands of years of history.

Would it be legal in Germany for someone to display swastikas in a specifically Buddhist or Hindu religious context (e.g. incorporating them into the architecture of a Buddhist or Hindu temple)?

I did a Google search and all I could find were pages talking about how the swastika wasn’t always a Nazi symbol.


texts: Why do lawyers "never" call hostile witnesses for direct examination?

texts:
In a novel version of "Perry Mason," the fictitious (mostly TV) lawyer called the actual perpetrator of the crime to the stand, as a direct witness because she had declined to testify for the prosecution (against Mason's client). Mason won the case with three questions:

  Mason: Are you Martha Lavinia?
  Witness: Yes.
  Mason: Is this your signature on this letter?
  Witness: Yes.
  Mason: Please read the letter to the court.

It incriminated her.

I understand that this tactic is highly unusual, to say the least. Perhaps it is because a lawyer can't impeach his own witness or ask leading questions, whereas he can do so on "cross."

On the other hand, if a lawyer couldn't get a key (hostile) witness on the stand, except in the "worst" way, why wouldn't he do so?


texts:
Does placing a device such as Alexa Echo Dot in my home entail the obligation to pay radio fees (Rundfunkgebühren/ GIS-Gebühren) in Austria? Since by court decision (mentioned in this article）it isn’t the case for my computer, which can equally well receive radio programmes, I strongly assume „no“ to be the answer. But I’d rather hear a more expert opinion.

The GIS Website includes the following part about devices without radio that nonetheless have to be paid for, whose meaning I don’t quite understand (the problem being not the language but the technical terms):

  Geräte ohne Rundfunktechnologien - in Kombination mit einer Gerätekonstellation (etwa Kabel, SAT, dvb-T, etc.), die Rundfunk wahrnehmbar macht - sind ebenso melde- und gebührenpflichtig. Dies gilt auch für Geräte ohne Tuner und ohne Antennen-Anschluss (z.B.: KAGIS, NOGIS, Pop-Tech, etc.).

I fear Alexa might also count as „making radio perceptible“.


texts: How is the right to "speedy trial" being protected during pandemic?

texts:
The right of a person accused of a crime to a "speedy trial" is widely considered a fundamental human right.  It is enumerated in a number of government constitutions.
However during the COVID-19 pandemic many courts suspended operations for months, and now more than 6 months later many are still struggling to resume even limited criminal trials.  This means that defendants will wait at least six months longer than usual for trials.
How does the law balance the delays wrought by exigent circumstances like this pandemic with the fundamental right of defendants to speedy trials?


texts:
May I use common symbol (like #, §) as a logo for a company or product of a company? As a trademark? What if I slightly change it? May it be a registered trademark?

(Related to the US mainly)


texts: Are public universities bound by law to be unbiased?

texts:
This is specifically with regards to speakers invited to a university campus.

Hypothetical situation:

  University A (for some period of time greater than an academic year) invites only anti-police, pro-immigrant, pro-choice etc. speakers to their campus.

Question:

Is there any legislation (federal, state) preventing a university from doing this?


texts: How can a company protect itself against a product possibly causing injury to the consumer?

texts:
Arduino (a company that sells educational electrical kits to kids) must have some protection against kids accidentally blowing up electrical circuits (and getting hurt or burned) when first learning to use their products. How does a company like Arduino protect itself against injuries or possible lawsuits?
Similarly, how does a company like Nerf protect against kids shooting each other in the eye, causing irreversible eye damage, and parents possibly suing the company? How does Nerf handle these situations?
Would an LLC help protect the owners from these possible problems?
Thanks for your time.


texts: Are Digital Signatures legally valid? Do keys need to be published?

texts:
GnuPG (GPG) has the ability to both digitally sign and encrypt things (things being messages, documents, files, etc.).  Is a public-key signature legally valid?
If so, do the public keys need to be published on all key servers to remain legally effective?  Or can they be posted on just one (some key servers such as the new keys.openpgp.org servers which use the Hagrid system don't propagate to older servers).


texts: Are you allowed to transcribe a copyrighted manuscript?

texts: Say there is a manuscript such as this that isn't in the Public Domain. I have seen one (don't remember where) where it was a manuscript that the museum said they wanted to share online but is "unreleased" and so copyright protected in some way. In that case, and other cases like it, I am wondering if you are allowed to transcribe the picture of the manuscript into say electronic text form, or what the rules are generally around that.


texts: Gave 30 days notice of intent to vacate, roommate who subleases to me says I owe rent for each day the room is vacant

texts:
Location: San Francisco, CA

Terms of my sublease: 3 months followed by month-to-month which may be terminated by either party after giving 30 days written notice.

I entered the month-to-month period of my lease and gave written notice on the 8th of last month, indicating my last day would be the 8th of this month. I fully plan on paying the pro-rated amount for this month ($monthly_rent * (8 days / 30 days) = $pro-rated amount). My roommate hasn't found anyone to replace me yet and is saying I'm on the hook for each day of November that the room I moved out of is vacant. When I explained that this goes against the terms of the sublease, he claimed that "it's an issue of equitability that judges freely allow." He claims he is entitled to pro-rated rent for each day of vacancy all the way to the end of November since I didn't tell him I was looking for a new place and that he needed more time to get the place cleaned up to show to prospective tenants. It is worth noting that I chipped in $60 to help him pay for a cleaning service.

Is he right? Is there ever a case where I'm liable for pro-rated rent beyond the 30 day notice period? Do I owe him rent for each day in November that the room is vacant beyond the 8th? Would a judge make an exception in his favor since I didn't tell him I was looking for a new place to live?


texts: Starting a business: is it legal to hire freelancers if you haven't registered the company yet?

texts:
The reasons I would want to delay the registration of this business as much as I can are:

I don't foresee having a single dollar of revenue until at least 2 years later (the product I'm building is way immature at the moment; users that are testing at the moment are only using the "free" edition).
Given the above, the first months of operating would be all costs (employees, plus any bureaucracy costs) with no income.
And last but not least, I didn't think of a name yet!

I'm perfectly aware that a business receiving income without having been registered would be illegal (because all businesses need to pay taxes from their income), but how about starting to pay workers (freelancers, not full-time employees) out of my pocket? Is this illegal?


texts: Does consideration have to have value for someone who is a party to the contract?

texts: Suppose person A tells person B, "If you perform (service X) for me, I will donate $1,000 to Save the Whales (but no other compensation)." Neither A nor B has any connection to whales and will not benefit from this donation, but B happens to like whales and agrees anyway. Does this still count as consideration, even though there was never any possibility of B getting anything out of it? (United States)


texts: Am I wrong to assert that I was punished with no chance to defend myself?

texts:
I received an email from my University stating that I cannot speak to an entire department for the rest of my studies, because I have been sending this department too many emails and phone calls and that I "nearly" breached the Student Code of Conduct.
I alleged that this is in violation of their own policies, because I was not given a chance to defend myself against this punishment. Secondly, the Student Code of Conduct states that a restriction of access to a department must, in the first instance, not exceed 14 days. However, I am more concerned about the argument they are putting forward, specifically, stating that I am not being punished....
My University is arguing that this is not a punishment....I don't even know what to say to that?
Fundamentally, by reducing my agency within the University, they have caused to me a loss. A loss is a fundamental element of a punishment.
Where is my logic going wrong?


texts: Under GDPR, Is a Hashed URL Enough to Protect Customer Data?

texts: Does a hashed URL (sent via email) provide enough security to safeguard customer data? For example, if we publish our customer data online with a hashed URL that we send to the customer (in other words, they only need to click on the link, no username or password is required for the customer to access the info).


texts: Validity of non-compete clause across several countries

texts:
I'm a resident of a south american country, working remotely for an US company, which I'm going to call "the client".

I've signed a contract with a firm through which I work for "the client". Let's call this company "the contractor" company.

Both companies are US based.

On my contract there's a non compete clause (I'm translating this, since the original is not in English. Please ask for further clarification if the precise wording matters):

  During the validity of the present agreement and during the period of
  the following 24 months to its termination under any circumstance, the
  "provider" (me) can't directly or indirectly solicit, interfere, or
  try to lure, alone or in a partnership or any other company or
  organization any "client" from company X with which he's been involved
  through any service lent through this agreement.  If any of these
  items is not met, the "provider" has to pay company X 20k USD

Now, the situation is that "the client" has offered me a full time position in an office in Ireland. If I decide to take that offer, would that incur in a breach of that term?

Is this something that they can enforce on a different country?

The amount is not something that "the client" wouldn't want to pay for the transfer, but it would be nice to avoid having any trouble.


texts: What are the best practices revolving around forking and redistrubuting an apache 2.0 licensed repo?

texts:
I forked a repo on github and made a few changes to some existing files, I wanted to know whats the "suggested" format/way i make changes to the copyright? The license says i need to add a notice to files i change, but i would like to know what exactly do i change (with examples would help).
Also do i need to add the same license header to new files i add to this project? and is there anything else i need to be aware of?


texts: Is illegally crossing the U.S. border a "serious" crime?

texts:
First, I'll acknowledge that "serious" is subjective, however there is (probably) consensus that sentences imposed are reflective of the seriousness of a crime.

USAtoday (6-18-18)

  USA TODAY examined 2,598 written judgments in border-crossing cases filed in federal courts along the border since mid-May. In nearly 70 percent of those cases, migrants pleaded guilty and immediately received a sentence of time served, meaning they would spend no additional time in jail. Another 13 percent were sentenced to unsupervised probation, including a condition that they not illegally re-enter the United States. In both cases, that meant they would immediately be returned to immigration officials to be processed for deportation, leaving them in essentially the same position as if they had not been prosecuted.  full article here

So, was there any point (in 84% of these cases) to invest time and effort in a criminal referral and prosecution? Does that suggest that the judges don't think that a serious crime has been committed?

(Feel free to migrate to Politics if that seems to be the better place for this)


texts:
I am not sure if it's the right place to ask, but I don't find better place .

I am holding "windows", "apple", "microsoft", "ios" and lots of other trademarked names on pypi.

Microsoft contacted me and asked me to hand over the ownership of those names.  Of course I will do that as they asked me politely.  But they warn me that Microsoft may consider legal action.

My question is,  Is this an obligation?  Can they actually file for open source package names?  And what if I don't want to handover?  (As I said I am just curious about the topic)

ps:  If this question is off topic , please guide me.


texts:
Hypothetical: someone (Party A) hit or stole from another person (party B), and then a report was made to the police. Party A confesses to the police, but then offers money to the police detective (who accepts), and brings monetary offer agreement to victim person as offer to influence actions of victim person to remove responsibility of legal duty/ criminal element.

Questions:

1) What crimes have been committed?

2) Which parties are at fault or liable?

3) How could Party A sue faulty party or parties for described actions.


texts:
Is it possible to verify (online) if a Florida neighbor is an active Law enforcement officer? Is there a single agency in which all Florida LEO must register?

The neighbor claims to be a law enforcement officer, however, history indicates that one can not take him at his word.


texts:
My sister was born in 1997 as a Bulgarian citizen in Germany. She became a German citizen while she was rather young (5 years old if I remember correctly), while keeping her Bulgarian citizenship. Both my parents are Bulgarians but near the end of 2002, a few months after my sister, me and my parents also became German citizens but had to give up our Bulgarian citizenship, from what I understand between me being born(1994) 1997 there was some law change that allowed my sister to keep both citizenships

She recently tried to get her German passport renewed but was told that they could not just give her a new passport because she was what is called an "Optionsdeutscher" and in a year would have to choose whether to keep her German or Bulgarian citizenship.

Now from what I understand and according to this government website

https://www.bmi.bund.de/DE/themen/verfassung/staatsangehoerigkeit/optionspflicht/optionspflicht-node.html

she has the right to keep both Citizenship's because while we have lived outside of Germany for a long time she fulfills the 8 years of living in Germany and also the only other citizenship she holds is the citizenship of an EU member country.

My question is whether my understanding of the is right, and if so what legal steps can be taken in order to be able to keep both citizenships?


texts:
A Landlord and Tenant negotiated a lease agreement of a store premise in a commercial property. The agreement underwent several iterations with massive changes in between each iteration. These earlier drafts of the lease agreement no longer exist.

Prior to signing the final draft of the lease agreement, the Tenant specifically asked the Landlord representative who would be responsible for the removal of fixtures attached to the premise (e.g. wall shelves, etc.). The Landlord representative said that the Tenant would not be responsible for those. This was witnessed by the Tenant's real estate agent.

The lease has now expired. As it turns out, buried deep in the lease agreement, is a clause that specifically states that the Tenant is responsible for the removal of those fixtures (even if the Tenant was not the one who installed those fixtures). The Tenant and the Tenant's real estate agent do not recall this clause in the earlier drafts of the lease agreement. Nonetheless, the Tenant did sign the agreement not knowing that the clause obligating the Tenant to remove the fixtures existed.

Generally speaking, without factoring the country of jurisdiction, what legal arguments does the Tenant have? Assume that both verbal and written agreements are equally enforceable.


texts: Is there any law in France that gives medical patients a right to refuse treatment?

texts:
Is there any law in France that protects medical patients?

For example, medication that excessively uses drugs as pain killers may result in bad effects.

Can the family/relatives complain about it? How is the procedure?

I want to know whether it's possible to refuse the use of excessive drugs, on the grounds that it doesn't heal the root of the problem but only to suffer more.


texts:
I am looking into archiving certain articles of websites (not the whole website or nothing similar) I'm interested in, to keep a personal archive of information I want to have available or that I want to read later offline. As the Save As (Control + S) or the Print (Control + P) options on Chrome give bad results, I was looking into extensions like WebScrapbook, or SingleFile. The problem is that searching I discovered that scrapping, or crawling a website is in a legal grey area, as it consumes bandwidth and therefore, it costs money to the server owner. The majority of articles about that talk about automated means and downloading large amounts of data from the website, but I DON'T have any intentions of downloading entire websites, with automated robots like HTTrack, SiteSucker or wget, which obviously consume a lot of bandwidth, as you are downloading the entire website content, and sometimes even override the robots.txt rules. I would like to download with an extension like WebScrapbook, or SingleFile a single article I think it is interesting, and therefore it wouldn't be consuming much more bandwidth to the website that normal browsing, and won't cost almost any money to the website owner. I obviously won't be downloading any data which is not available to the public (behind a login or a paywall, or that I'm not authorized to access). Also, for copyright reasons, I want to keep clear that I won't modify and/or share and/or publish any of these articles, I'll kept them for offline reading and archiving, so it would be considered fair use, right? Also (for websites hosted in Europe), as they are articles, I think no Personal Information under GDPR will appear, but the comment sections worries me, as there's people that post a comment with their real name. In conclusion, I don't think so, but just to be sure, doing that type of archiving is possible to end me in legal trouble? Thanks.
I'm in the US, but as I probably visit websites located in other jurisdictions, so the location don't means a lot in here


texts: Incorrect details on MLS listing, misrepresentation?

texts:
I am my own real estate agent and I recently got a property under contract. The description the selling agent added on the MLS said the property was rentable via Airbnb. When I asked for the bi-laws he dragged his feet. I had to do a bunch of work to get the HOA bilaws on my end, the manager of the HOA has a phone that has been disconnected, turned out the treasurer was running things for the most part and she provided bi laws after the discovery window (though these were requested within the window).

I was paying a premium because the listing was advertised as AirBnB friendly, now the property does not make sense at that price and they are not open to renegotiate. I explained to the selling agent that had they not advertised it as such, or been more helpful during discovery we wouldn't be in this situation.

The selling agent says because the GAR (my MLS board) states in the contract that:

  Section B. Paragraph 10. c. "Disclaimer: Buyer and Seller have not
  relied upon any advice or representations of Brokers other than what
  is included in this Agreement."

He is totally absolved of the fact that he described the property incorrectly. Is that true? My inclination is to take him to small claims court the $2,000 deposit plus the $535 appraisal fee.

Any advice would be greatly appreciated!


texts: Is it legal to preferentially hire female nurses & doctors because female patients are less comfortable with men seeing them naked?

texts:
Sort of a follow-up to Is it legal to preferentially hire men instead of women because women can get pregnant?

The idea is, women tend to be less comfortable with men seeing them naked than men are with women seeing them naked. Therefore, if I'm operating a hospital/clinic where nudity might be necessary, it's preferable for my patients' comfort to hire female nurses & doctors. Concretely, if I need an electrocardiogram performed, if I have female nurses then all my patients will be relatively comfortable; but if I have male nurses then my male patients will be fine but my female patients will not be so comfortable.

The answer in the linked question says it's legal if:

  (2) (a) the duties of the position can be performed only by a person having particular physical attributes (other than attributes of strength or stamina) that are not possessed by persons of a different sex from the relevant sex;

However this sounds ambiguous to me: both men and women can perform electrocardiograms, but only women can do it such that female patients are comfortable.


texts:
Let's assume that early modern (think about 1900) Ruritania has a neighbor called Ruristan. The kings back then signed a treaty of allegiance and allowed free travel and residence between the two to all citizens of Ruritania and Ruristan, also embedding it into the legal code of Ruritana.
Then a war happened and as a result, Ruristan vanished from the map, eaten by Neighboristan, which then decares the foundation of Evilstan, claiming to be the successor state of both Neighboristan and Ruristan. The (old) Ruristaninan Government goes into Exile into Ruritania (and continues to operate under their shield). Ruritania reacted by not-acknowledging Evilstan as a legitimate state and passing a law that bans Ruritanian citizens from entering Evilistan and vice versa but never repealing the law regarding the (currently non-existing) Ruristan as they house the Government in exile.
Then, Evilstan dissolves back into Ruristan and Neighboristan for some reason. New Ruristan declares itself to be a successor of the old Ruristan, but not Evilstan.
Would that mean the (old) treaty with (old) Ruristan becomes binding again or did it never stop being binding?


texts: How many legal wives does Winston Blackmore have?

texts:
On wikipedia it says Winston's father only had one legal wife:

Anne Mae was the first of Ray's six wives, and the only wife he was legally married to.

Winston's father only had one "formal wife", the one on the marriage certificate. So I assume that Winston might also only have one legal wife and one legal marriage certificate? If he only has one legal wife, how could he be arrested for polygamy?


texts: Can a company charge you to update your address under GDPR?

texts:
I was just charged £30 (over the phone) to update my address with an insurance company. I didn't contest it at first and pulled out my wallet to pay the fee and did. However, while I was on the phone it got me thinking about the ethics and even the legality of it.
Under GDPR, I have the right to rectification of my personal data that a company holds about me. So, shouldn't I be given fair means to do so? What if I couldn't afford it and couldnt pay it? Would my policy be void?
I asked what would happen if I couldn't afford the fee, and was told they would speak to management about the possibility of waiving it. Yes, this was after I'd already paid (frustratingly).
The facility to change the address on their website doesn't exist yet (still being built) and even then it would cost £10 to do so.
Or, is it just unethical for a company to charge a fee for updating personal details? Especially when it incurs no cost to the company for me to update a row in the database.
What if I didn't have a phone or Internet? Would I have to send the money in the post? But then what if I was unable to send a something in the post?
Any info would be appreciated


texts: Is it legal to completely retell a film in text?

texts: Let's say I watched a film and I really liked it. Now I want to tell my subscribers on Facebook the entire plot of the film. I don't use the real script of the film. I create a post where I retell the film plot in my own words (but I don't change anything, the names are the same, everything is the same, it's just a conversion in textual form) and retell it completely. Is this action legal? Do I have any problems with copyright law?


texts: What would have been the typical penalty for six counts of bigamy in 1604?

texts:
The Bigamy act of 1603 made it a specific crime to

  marry any person or persons, the former husband or wife being alive

With the penalty being made a

  "capital felony"

Were people typically executed for Bigamy after this act was passed? What would have been the likely penalty for 6 additional counts (e.g. if one were married to seven women)?


texts: Website liability for user contributed content that may be unlawful?

texts:
In a situation where a website:

allows users to contribute content (articles, images, comments, etc)
specifies in the TOS that those contributions become property of the website, etc.
does not / can not monitor every bit of content submitted
removes unlawful content as soon as it becomes aware

Is the website owner liable for situations where that content may be unlawful in some way?


texts:
I have an offer from an employer in Texas, everything turned out okay except when they look up for my SSN, they said it turns out as "no match found"

A little backstory:

I'm a Mexican Citizen, came to the states for college, legally(fees, visas, tests), graduated in 2013 and applied for an OPT permit, which allows me to work in the US for a year. When I received my OPT card I went ahead and asked for a SSN at the SSA office, when I get there and give my information, turns out I've had a SSN since 1990(I was a year old) I'm not sure why I had one but afterwards I asked my family and said one of my uncles got it for me(still not sure why). At the SSA Office they told me I would keep this number since it was already associated to my name. So on May 2014 I got my SSN Card. The OPT card expired on Jan 21, 2015 and that was the date I returned to Mexico, turned my I-96 form(I think its I-96 or I-94, it's the permit for entrance to the country) and got my Student Visa voided and I've been living in Mexico ever since.

Now I have applied for a job in Texas and well the rest is explained in the first sentence, employer asked to look and see if I have a DHS authorization for this SSN, I have all my paperwork saved(even envelopes) but I can't stop thinking that someone might've thrown something out, or that I never got an authorization letter for this number. I can't avoid panicking a bit, so I wanted to ask what should I do in the case that I don't find this DHS authorization.

PS: The SSN card says VALID FOR WORK ONLY WITH DHS AUTHORIZATION


texts: Publication of information illegally obtained, wikileaks relevancy

texts:
In the case Supreme Court case New York Times vs the United States, it was determined by the court that the First Ammendment protects the press even if the information it publishes was illegally obtained or disclosed.

However, nevertheless, in the case of secret information the US has continued to threaten both individuals and news organizations concerning possession or disclosure of secret information. On one hand Greenwald has not been arrested or prosecuted for possessing classified data, but on the other hand there are rumors that the United States has secret warrants for the arrest of Julian Assange and intends to prosecute him for publishing secret information, even though he is not a US citizen (whereas Greenwald is a US citizen).

If the rumors are true, is this just an empty threat, or is there a legal basis for prosecuting Assange despite 403 U.S. 713.


texts: Does copyright apply to Stack Exchange answers and comments?

texts:
So I asked a question on Worldbuilding Stack Exchange, and I got an answer that I really enjoyed. I loved the way the person described it. So I thought, is it okay to copy this and use it in other things?
Short question: are Stack Exchange questions public domain?


texts: I frequently read that in important correspondence one should use certified mail.  But what good is this, really?  All sending a letter this way will show is that I sent a letter and it was received.  It does not verify the content of the letter, and the recipient could simply throw it away and deny what it was about.  So, what is the point of certified mail for things like complaining to your apartment manager, requesting something with legal significance from your employer, etc?


texts: Can a lab make patients pay to access test results?

texts:
Can a lab make patients pay to access their test results (e.g. blood test results)? The results are sent to the physicians, but the patients need to pay to access the results from the lab, even though the patients have already paid to perform the test.

I am mostly interested in the following locations:

California, United States
Massachusetts, United States
Paris, France
Seoul, South Korea


texts: Is the US President immune from civil lawsuits?

texts:
I read in the news that recently inaugurated US President Donald Trump has been sued for "ethics violation" by a private entity for violating the emoluments clause of the Constitution.

I thought that the President was immune from lawsuits by private citizens?


texts: Process Service - Why the secretary of state?

texts:
I understand from Wikipedia that many states in the US require that companies have a designated agent in each jurisdiction where they do business to accept service.
It seems that at least in some states, such as New York, the secretary of state is required to be the agent on which process is served.

(a) The secretary of state shall be the agent of every domestic limited liability company that has filed with the department of state articles of organization making such designation and every foreign limited liability company upon which process may be served pursuant to this chapter. (b) No domestic or foreign limited liability company may be formed or authorized to do business in this state under this chapter unless its articles of organization or application for authority designates the secretary of state as such agent.

What I haven't been able to figure out is what this accomplishes, assuming the LLC itself is in New York - why can't I accept service at my business address, or my lawyer's address, etc?
I find the situation rather confusing in light of the fact that in New York, personal service is required for some family law issues.


texts: What is the legal procedure for suing to void a contract for non-performance?

texts:
Sometimes a person might have a contract that they wish to void because the other party is not performing on their end of the contract. Generally it is the person who is paying money who wants to void the contract and the one providing services would be the plaintiff. For example, recently a small business owner got hit with a $4000+ contractual demand when she tried to end her internet service contract because the internet service was bad.

So, for example, in Massachusetts I know that district courts are supposed to handle certain "equitable injunctions", but superior court handles "equitable relief". I am not sure of the exact distinction there. So which court would it be?

Assuming we have figured out the right court, is it then just a matter of making a normal suit for equitable relief stating cause and asking for an order voiding the contract as the remedy?


texts: Does any state or other local authorities (eg, city) in the US require to have one's original car registration in the car, or is a scan always enough?

texts:
I read (mirror):

As far as the car registration goes, the National Insurance Crime Bureau suggests taking a picture of it on your cell phone or keeping a photocopy in your wallet. If you’re pulled over, Atlanta police confirmed to us that an officer will accept a picture or photocopy of your registration, if they even ask for it. Usually, they can verify the information on their computer.

Does any state or other local authorities (e.g., city) in the United States require to have one's original car registration in the car, or does a scan of it always suffice?


texts: Are there recommended steps for preparing for a divorce mediation meeting?

texts: Are there recommended steps or approaches (worksheets?) for preparing for a divorce mediation meeting?  Should the mediator get any background information about the situation, or can/should the mediator function with no knowledge of the specifics of the charges and counter-charges?  If background information is in order, who provides it.  What is the role of the Guadian ad Litem (GAL) in a mediation meeting?  Does the GAL take an active role on behalf of the offspring or just reply to inquiries.


texts: I was dating this guy for about a month. Within that,He convinced me to let my bird stay with him and he, my dad, and I all agreed that I would get her back if we broke up. Texted him last night and he’s refusing to give her to me and says I can come see her. If I take her without using physical force(unless needed) would I get in any sort of trouble with the law?


texts: What legal course is there with a bad neighbor?

texts:
I have a very bad neighbor. What legal recourse do I have? I feel like I'm stumbling in the dark.

I find myself at a loss for an appropriate Stack Exchange site. Perhaps "workplace" or "parenting" are in the same vein, but I'm trying to figure out what to do (legally) about a terrible neighbor, so it isn't either of those... And Stack Exchange doesn't have a "interpersonal problems" site. Since legality is a concern, Stack Law seemed the logical choice to ask a question. Any better suggestions on QA forum and tags is appreciated.

I say my neighbor is bad because he:

frequently calls false noise complaints on neighbors resulting in police action.
stands in front of the building in a menacing way as people enter/exit.
hates black people.
hates Middle Eastern people and Muslims.
constantly pounds on the floor/walls/ceilings.
screams curses at children.
Continues to park in handicap parking despite not being handicap, and receiving very expensive parking tickets.
And to add to the list, I suspect he's been putting nails in my car tire, always on the same tire, on the inside wall of the tire; I just replaced my 5th tire in 3 months.

Despite several complaints to apartment management from 4 different residents, he has not been evicted, and most of my neighbors, whom I was friends with, have moved -- breaking their leasing contract to get away.

I want to place hidden cameras on my vehicle to catch him putting a nail in my tire.

I've approached my management several times to voice my concerns only to be stonewalled, which makes me wonder if there is something else going on, like witness protection (or they are just as terrified of him as everyone else). It may also be that each time the apartments contact him to voice their concern, he physically goes over there and basically has a tantrum, but without making direct threats. Most of the apartment staff are tiny women (shorter than 5ft).

When I asked if I could install a hidden camera to watch my car, I was told by management they wouldn't give permission, but also weren't not giving permission, and wished me luck trying to catch him on film.

If I install a hidden camera, is it legal, and could I contact the police/evict him/file a restraining order? Would that even be considered legal evidence, or would I be liable for unlawful surveillance?

Is there some sort of legal incentive I've not clearly communicated to management to evict him?

If he actually is insane, what sort of liability for his actions does he have?

I'm really just stumped and would like some advice from someone not emotionally close to the situation which could help guide my actions.


texts: Is it legal to create / run a CS:GO jackpot site in europe?

texts: Can there be any circumstances to doing so?


texts: How can someone sell their car in California whilst overseas?

texts:
How can someone sell a car in California without being present to sign the required documents (title etc)?

Selling a car in California requires the seller to sign documents such as the title, when selling the car. If the seller is not present, but has someone available locally who is looking after the vehicle, how can they deal with the legal requirement to be present, if they are not able to physically be there (e.g., COVID-related travel restrictions)?
For the purposes of this question, the current owner owns the vehicle outright, with no liens etc, and the seller's local contact is able to print out required documents etc.