texts: Liability if someone is hurt on my property

texts:
My neighbor sometimes mows a ditch on a far side of our property without asking. The ditch is steep and I'm concerned he may tip over the mower and get hurt.
I have 2 questions:

If this does happen, am I liable, particularly since they didn't ask permission to do this and
What can I do to limit liability if this were to happen?

I'm certain state laws differ. FWIW, I live in KS.
Edit : The ditch is next to a road, which was added later. It is part of an road, utility and drainage easement that I can't change, or would be difficult (and likely pricey) to do.


texts: Miranda rights not given and refusal to contact parent during interrogation results in expulsion

texts:
My son is 13 and in 8th grade. Sept 10th he was outside the school during a fire drill when his SLC (small learning community) director asked him to come with him to his office. After all I her students were back inside they went to his office. My son asked why he was there the director told my son that someone had reported that one of the bathrooms smelled of marijuana and that my son and another student were on video with going in or coming out of said bathroom around that time.

Long story short, my son did have a joint in him and willingly gave it to his director. There ended up being 2 officers in the office in full uniform with weapons and cuffs. My son asked to call me 3 times and was told to hang on it in a minute. He was asked to leave the room for a few minutes and when they told him to cone back in, he was handed a paper and his director told him to write a confession. My son asked if the director already knew everything and had video why did he have to write it down and the director told him if didn't he'd be leaving in cuffs to which officer #1 agreed stating yes basically that's what's going to happen.

He has a 504 plan but at the manifestation meeting they said his disability had nothing to do with his actions. Then they wanted me to sign a Waiver of Due Process Rights probationiinary Continued Education Agreement which said he could continue school through APEX which is online learning. With certain stipulations to avoid expulsion.

But I want to challenge it all because of how they got his confession. He was suspended 14 days before this meeting (legally the school can only suspend 10 days), I never received any of this information prior to this meeting. When I picked up my son the day in question the director told me that I would be getting an email with everything I needed to know in the next day or two. Never came and I could only get a reply from the director if I emailed the counselor and CC him in NY email. Never got any real answers then anyway. And the director wasn't even present at the manifestation meeting, the assistant principle stood in for him. At the end when I told the assistant principal what my son told me of the interrogation he stopped me and said he'd have the principal call me to see what steps I needed to take and no one has called.

What are my sons rights? Since they didn't tell him about his Miranda rights and refused his request to contact me, can't I take it to court and get my sons statement erased?


texts: How do I die without the funeral industry benefiting in any way?

texts:
I happen to have fairly strong ethical opinions about the funeral industry.

How do I die and deny them any profit from my death?
Bonus points for actually causing a net loss.

I live in the US, so at least one answer for this country is preferred, though due to the ethical nature of the question, answers about how to achieve this in any region are welcome.

If the answer is "figure out how to get Y law repealed before you die" then that's the answer - there's definitely not a "you can't" answer to this question!


texts: British Naturalisation - Past Employment

texts:
I have already started an application for the British citizenship and I have some questions as I do not want to deal with any failure.
I get a message that I must provide my employment history for the past 10 years or since you have been in the UK. In some cases, it is really difficult to find the exact start and end dates or even the exact employer names. My questions are:
a) Should I rely on the P45 documents I have? What if the official employment has different ones? For example, I left one company and used the holidays left for the last 3 days. Is the official end date needed what is mentioned in the P45 or the last day of work including the 3 days of holidays?
b) Does it have to be precise when it comes to the names of the employers? In my contract for instance I have a name "XXX Ltd." and in the HRMC page and the income tax, I can see a different one "XXX Shared".
c) Address of employer can either be what is stated in the P45 or P60 or the office I worked for? Is that correct?
d) Is there an easy way to get the exact start and end dates of employment from HRMC without having to hire a solicitor? I have only found a form which needs to be sent via post but nothing online.
Note that I have a settled status (ILR)
Thanks in advance


texts: Scope and participants in the Oracle Contributor Agreement

texts:
Reading the Oracle Contributor Agreement (direct PDF link), there are some points which seem off, at least for me as someone with zero legal knowledge.

The first paragraph defines:

  The term “us” shall mean Oracle International
  Corporation. The term “you” shall mean the person or entity identified below.

yet in point 2 it says:

  you agree that each of us can do all things in relation to your contribution as if each of us were the sole owners ...

Does that mean only Oracle has this right, as "us" was defined to refer solely to them? Or could "us" in this case be understood as Oracle and the signee?


texts: What is the justification for discouraging juries from failing to reach a verdict?

texts:
It was reported yesterday that the jury in the Bill Cosby case was deadlocked but was ordered by the judge to continue to try to reach a verdict.

This was done by reading a standard statement:

  Judge Steven O'Neill read a standard statement asking them to try to
  agree on some or all of the counts.

I have seen judges in the UK do similar things.

What is the justification for this? If a juror has made a decision and you force him to go away and "think again", it seems to me that you're essentially telling him that you want him to change his mind. This is bound to put some pressure on jurors to reach a decision on the basis of keeping the judge happy, rather than on genuine confidence.

In a criminal case, why does a subsequent guilty verdict satisfy the "beyond reasonable doubt" standard of proof, when it is clear that any juror who changed his verdict did in fact have quite significant doubt?


texts: Bill of Rights protection against mandatory vaccination?

texts: Does the the "privacy" protection afforded by the Bill of Rights covers unwanted medical treatments, including unwanted drug taking, notably mandatory vaccines?


texts: License for a software project - free for individual users, pay for companies?

texts: If a software utility developer desired to issue a license to his or her software for free for non-commercial use or for individual users, while restricting the free usage of the software by companies of a certain size, requiring the latter to purchase the rights to use the software, does such a license exist and is there a public template one could use as a guide? If so, might it also include a clause stating that the free usage of the software shall require the user to credit the developer in the credits or about page?


texts:
Am I breaking copyright law if I embed an educational video on my site and also provide a transcript of the video?

I have searched the w3c website as well as Youtube and cannot get a clear answer.


texts: Pulling debtor credit report without SSN

texts:
I have a judgment against a debtor with only their name and date of birth. How do I obtain their credit report? Just write to Experian with a court order?

First question- is it legal to do this. Second question- do I need their ssn, and if so, how can I legally obtain it.


texts: What is the origin and history of the term "grand theft auto"?

texts:
This comes from an English Language Lerner's Stack Exchange question, the current answers to which are lacking in historical/legal analysis of the term.

What is the origin of the legal phrase "grand theft auto"? In particular, is there any legal or historical rationale for the ordering of the terms? (E.g. why isn't it "grand theft of auto" or "auto grand theft" or even "grand auto theft".)

There are some claims that it's simply an elision of a comma ("grand theft, auto") implying that it's a simplification of something like an entry in an (alphabetized) list of crimes. Others have indicated that there might be some Law French or Latin influence in putting the descriptor last (along the lines of "courts martial"). Are either of these accurate with the historical origin of the term, or is there some other reason?


texts: Who decides the sale price of jointly owned property?

texts:
Two friends decide to purchase a condo 50/50 and become roommates. Foolishly, no agreement between the friends is entered.

Shortly after, roommate A finds a girlfriend. The relationship rapidly becomes serious and roommate A spends less and less time in the condo. 12 months after the purchase, roommate A wants to sell and move in with the girlfriend.

The condo is put up for sale and an offer comes in. Roommate A wants to accept the offer, but roommate B, who cannot afford to buy out A, says that he will not accept the offer because the proceeds would leave him with less than what he paid for his half of the condo, after fees are paid to the realtor.

Who gets to decide whether the offer is to be accepted?

This question is regarding New York State, but answers from any other jurisdiction are welcome


texts: Under what circumstances could law enforcement hack a server?

texts:
I recently read a wired article about Silk Road and the arrest of Ross Ulbricht. The article describes how an FBI agent attempted to discover the true IP address of the Silk Road Server:

  Tarbell [New York FBI] threw data at Silk Road, hoping to see the leak. He entered
  usernames with bad passwords (and vice versa) and pasted data into
  input fields—all the while using regular old freeware to analyze
  network traffic and collect the IPs communicating with his machine.

For the sake of discussion, lets assume that the actions above are violations of the CFAA. Under what circumstances is Law Enforcement allowed to attempt unauthorized access or exceed authorized access of a system as prohibited by the CFAA or laws. Does Law Enforcement need a warrant, probable cause, etc?


texts: Can the Whanganui river be prosecuted for corporate manslaughter?

texts:
On March 15th, 2017, a law was approved in New Zealand recognising the Whanganui River as a legal person. In accompanying media articles it wasn't clear whether this meant a living entity, a person or a human; the article author says "human", the Whanganui representative is quoted as saying "living entity" and Finlayson is quoted as saying "person". I recognise that these are three different (although overlapping) legal definitions carrying different liabilities. And while I would agree that the net ecosystem services of a river clearly outweight its costs even before you consider the social and religious significance, as far as I am aware the law on corporate personhood does not recognise this. If/when you cause harm, you can be sued.

Assuming that a direct quote from the minister responsible for the law (Chris Finlayson) can be taken at face value:

  Te Awa Tupua will have its own legal identity with all the
  corresponding rights, duties and liabilities of a legal person

... I assume (and it would be sensible if) we're actually talking about legal personhood here. In which case, if the river floods, it is personally (and criminally) liable for the damage? If someone drowns, the river will be prosecuted for murder? What happens if a river goes bankrupt?

The Economist article mentions that some NZers have been 'joking' about whether the river can be prosecuted if someone drowns, but doesn't attempt to answer that. I assume it's implying that it's ludicrous, but that's not obvious to me from the information provided.

I am interested to know whether this decision potentially creates significant legal liabilities for the river which may not be obvious to those who think this is a straightforward environmental 'win' for the Whanganui.


texts: Job interview adjustment request was ignored. Is this an act of discrimination?

texts:
Imaginary situation: a candidate arrives to a job interview for a position of software engineer. She had notified the HR manager that she has severe mobility problems and thus can't move around unless absolutely necessary. However, the interviewer demanded her to stand up and draw on the whiteboard during the interview, and insisted that she has to do that.
Should this be considered as an act of discrimination?


texts: Are there "eggshell skull" issues involved in lawyering?

texts:
There are probably numerous examples, but this is the one I am most familiar with.
You are pursuing a lawsuit in which the defendant is 300 pounds, and shows other signs of being prone to a heart attack. Moreover, the subject matter is one that is particularly inflammatory to this particular defendant.*
You want to pursue a line of cross examination that would not "faze" the proverbial "reasonable person." But given the defendant's physical condition and emotional sensitivities, you fear that this line of questioning might cause a heart attack. You pursue this line of questioning and it does cause a heart attack. Does the defendant have a cause of action against you for "eggshell skull" issues? Or do "reasonable man" and "no wrongful action" considerations protect you against such counteraction for a rigorous cross examination?
*This was an employment civil rights case. Before the case was settled, I was planning to show the defendant a picture of a minority person driving past his home on "Main Street" (a well-travelled road in an exclusive suburb), and ask him how he felt about that. Then, how he would feel if a minority dated his daughter."


texts: Anti-monopoly laws in the United States and Google

texts:
I am trying to understand what are the circumstances under which a corporation in the US is deemed a monopoly and can face legal consequences for it. More specifically, I am interested in why Google is not considered a monopoly when it accounts for almost 90% of the search engine market share (https://gs.statcounter.com/search-engine-market-share/all/united-states-of-america). I have the following doubts:

Is there a fixed threshold of market share above which you are considered a monopoly (for example, 80%?)

How is a market delimited? Can Google elude accusations of being a monopolistic search engine by simply expanding its operations to other fields (automobile, consumer electronics) and define itself as more generic company?

Can a company be legally deemed a monopoly but still not subject to any punishment because it is not using the power derived from this monopoly to influence market fairness?

Referenced answers will be highly appreciated.


texts: Is there any legal obligation for companies to provide firmware?

texts:
I am currently trying to get firmware from a company called Sunfire a formerly Washington State corporation, which makes home theater products. They have a discontinued line of products, and have since been acquired by Nortek Security and Control, a California company.
Are companies under any legal obligation to provide firmware for their devices at all, or is this just something many do out of the goodness of their heart?
Without their firmware, I have a once $3,000 19"x18"x9" paperweight. If I had the firmware, I could replace a $9 chip and restore it to working order.
In many other industries, like computer motherboards, wireless routers, video cards, etc., even if they halt development, discontinued a product, or go through an acquisition or merger, they still keep the downloads for those products available, which prevents a lot of expensive paperweights. Even if there was no formal legal obligation, if they ever stopped providing those downloads, that company would be universally despised and, I assume, probably taken to court.
Are there any relevant court cases that have been adjudicated in this respect, ideally in the United States but perhaps also in the EU? Is there any leverage from which I could use to try and push a little harder for them to provide firmware for my product?


texts: Does the prize in cereal violate the non edible restriction in foods?

texts:
In the US the FDA has a regulation that bans toys or trinkets embedded in candy.

This let to banning the Kinder Surprise egg in the US

Does this regulation also cover the prises in cereal?

If not, what regulates those choking hazards?


texts: Is it mandatory to register a business account at online shops?

texts:
I have a small computer business.
I order about 5 devices (printers/SSDs/notebooks/...) total  for my clients a month in different online stores.

On many online stores you can register as private person (consumer) or business customer.
Private persons have different conditions.

Examples are Amazon and eBay.

Is it mandatory to register as business customer?
Or is it ok to use a private account?


texts: Are US Senate/House rules legally enforcible?

texts: Suppose, for example, that the Senate is considering the passage of a law. A Senator has decided to open a filibuster. After a half hour, the majority leader tires of hearing this Senator speak. He motions for an end to the filibuster, but is only able to get 51% of the vote. According to Senate rules, I believe, you need a 2/3 vote to end a filibuster. Over said Senator's objections, the majority leader begins the voting process and the bill gets 51% yeas.


texts: Extradite or deport a criminal while there is no treaty between the two countries of Iran and Canada

texts:
Thank you for considering my question.
There is a criminal who has been tried in court and proven guilty and received sentences for a series of crimes including threat to kill and withdrawing money from accounts illegally. He has managed to escape from Iran to Canada legally with a work permit and also transfer the money he stole to Canada. Googling this case has no result since there is no treaty between the two countries. But I am sure there must be some way to bring the criminal back to justice. Especially because as long as he feels safe in Canada and is sure he will not be extradited, lives are in danger here (He pays people here to do the job for him).

I am no lawyer, but as a citizen who has been involved in the issue for over a year, these are the only course of actions coming to my mind:

Contact the immigration authorities to prevent him from obtaining citizenship of Canada and extending the visa.
Try to contact the Canadian prosecutor and ask them to consider this case. Even though there is no treaty between the two countries, I believe it does not mean Canada wants to host dangerous Criminals and help them escape justice and the prosecutor might be willing to investigate at least.

Am I thinking correctly?
Any other suggestions?

Please consider that hiring a lawyer who is willing to charge me BEFORE I get my money back from this criminal (which is quite a considerable amount of money, well, basically, my whole 20 years of work savings!!), cannot be an option for me. Of course after I have my hand on my money, I am willing to pay all the expenses.

Thanks every one in advance.


texts: In the U.S.A., how much do you need to make from a project before it becomes a business?

texts: So lets say you do not have a U.S. citizenship but you spend a lot of time in the U.S. You buy products and create goods from them which you resell (say you build sheds out of wood or something of the kind). You have no employees and do all the work yourself. How much do you need to be making per year for it to be considered a business, which you would not be allowed to operate in the U.S. without citizenship or certain visas?


texts: Micro businesses in EU selling electronic goods, how to comply with EU VAT regulations?

texts:
According to EUVATACTION Key Facts the business is among other things required to:

store personal data securely for 10+ years
calculate taxes for every EU country
based on client's location as determined by 2 distinct and non-contradictory pieces of evidence

Points 1 and 2 mean that a small/micro business can not do this alone. Period.

Thankfully, there are services like Taxamo which claim to be able to do it for you, but:

nobody really knows what the exact EU VAT rates are for every country, region, time of year, product, ... There is no central EU authority at the moment which supplies "official" information on EU level and Taxamo and others don't have a crystal ball that the EC doesn't have
the technical aspects of the integration enable you to get the transaction counts "99.9% right"
simply knowing a tax rate doesn't really help you apply the tax rate all the time - in Croatia for example you need to pay the tax when you issue the invoice, not when funds get billed to your account, for example
you are liable, not the service provider, if something is calculated badly
in some EU countries like Croatia your business will get a huge fine if it's just 2-3 euros off

So... Here's the little chain question :)

is there any way to comply with these rules 100%?
if not, how much bad stuff can happen if you don't comply with the regulation 100%? But 99.9% for example :D (simply because of technical limitations some transactions will not be presented or calculated properly) Does the bad stuff depend on your country, the country of the buyer or combination of both?
if the bad stuff is bad, and if there's no way of complying technically are there ways for a subscription based service selling an online service (using recurring credit card charges) to avoid being subject to this VAT scheme? (i.e. presenting the product in a different way or restricting yourself just to B2B transactions)
if there's no way to avoid the VAT scheme does it make sense to open a company outside of the EU to handle payments if the said country does not acknowledge jurisdiction of EU law over its businesses, and
if so, where? :) Or in short :D What would Google do? :D


texts: Who can initiate the legal proceedings for hacking?

texts:
If a server is owned and maintained by Organization A, but almost fully installed and configured by Person A, who is a employee of Organization A, then who initiates the legal proceedings regarding unauthorized access, if person B gets access without authorization?

Furthermore, if Person B gets into the server without consent of Person A, but with the consent of Organization A, what is the stance on that? Can Person A take Person B to court, or does the Organization overrule that due to ownership?


texts: Reposting pictures of private Instagram account elsewhere

texts:
Is it illegal to post pictures from a private Instagram account on the internet?
My friend has a private Instagram account but her posts were seen on a sub reddit. She didn't give consent to repost her picture. Is it possible to take legal action against the person who reposted that picture? (Fyi, it's a little revealing photo of her and she doesn't want random people to see it)


texts: Can a contract clause be weakened by providing a nonsensible reason for it?

texts:
Company A is selling products to Company B at a highly discounted price. Part of the agreement is that Company B cannot resell the products.

Consider the following clause in a contract between the two companies:

  Company B may not resell any products purchased from Company A at a discounted price.

Now consider the same clause, but with a reason provided:

  In order to prevent toilets from overflowing, Company B may not resell any products purchased from Company A at a discounted price.

Suppose the 2nd clause is in effect and Company B goes ahead and turns a profit by reselling the discounted products. However, no toilets overflowed as a result of this action. Is the clause weakened (harder to enforce) due to a nonsensible reason being provided?

Obviously the "reason" is hypothetical, but I believe the question stays the same if you substitute anything in its place that did not occur as a result of the resale.


texts: Should my home insurance cover the costs?

texts:
I live at Vancouver, BC, Canada. My fiancee and I are contracting a so-called low-cost tenant home insurance with Square One. We've started this insurance 2 years ago and have been paying 44.27 CAD per month.

At the moment we signed for this insurance, I specifically asked the insurer a few questions of whether potential damages I could think of would be covered. Among these potential damages I asked whether a red wine stain on the carpet would be covered. The answer was "yes".

Recently, I accidentally touched my glass of red wine with my elbow while eating and made a red wine stain on my carpet! I contacted (by phone) the insurance and they answered by email afterward:

  We regret to inform you that your policy does not cover the loss reported to us. More specifically, your policy does not insure loss or
  damage to property you rent, except for the unintentional damage to the premises or contents resulting from fire, explosion, water damage
  or smoke insured under this policy. We direct you to Section 7.3.1 (e) of your insurance policy for the specific wordings. As such, your claim
  file is now being closed

I am not sure I fully understand what is included in the term "premises".

Am I supposed to be covered?
If yes, what should I do to force Square One to respect our contract?


texts: Under GDPR, does an EU citizen have a right to their American data?

texts: If I have a database with EU citizens on it, but they provide their American data (American address, phone number, email, etc.), am I bound to GDPR?


texts: Could US mayors/governors order their state police to arrest unmarked federal agents?

texts:
Could the local US governors/mayors, who reject federal agents on their streets, legally order their local police force to arrest all people, who are violence and don't wear any insignia?
Or would it be illegal for them to arrest the federal agents, even when they don't wear any insignia showing their role as federal agents?


texts: Can software be legally rewritten if the original source code is not used?

texts:
Let's say I have propriety software which I recreate using solely my observations of its user interface, input and output.

I recreate this software to near-perfection leaving out only trademark icons and symbols.

Then, I publish the source code of my rewritten version of the software, under a different name to the original program, on GitHub (or something similar).

Does the owner of the original software have grounds to sue me or make me take my code down from GitHub?  Is this still considered reverse-engineering even though I haven't disassembled the original binary or accessed the original source code in any way?


texts: How to split Rent-a-Room scheme tax exemptions with joint owners

texts:
My brother and I bought a house together. I own 60% and he owns 40% (this is on the deeds). I live in the house and he does not. I have two lodgers living with me, who pay rent.

Typically one is allowed £7500 tax free lodger income if you live in the house. If you are joint owners you are supposed to split this 50-50 (£3750 each). Hence I would be eligible for £3750 income tax free, and my brother will be eligible for £0 tax free since he does not live in the house. But would we be able to split it 60-40, since we are 60-40 joint owners?


texts: Buying a property, neighbor across the st is using the property's address

texts:
I own a house, and am currently thinking about buying the vacant lot next to mine to ensure that no one builds on it (beautiful view).

While talking with the seller they mentioned that the neighbor across the street (we are not on speaking terms, long story) is using the vacant lot's address as their own.

Will this cause a problem with the sale or future sales, and if I buy the property and want to receive mail there in the future, what actions do I need to take to reclaim my address?

I am located in Tennessee if that matters.


texts: Is this a legal use of force in the U.K.?

texts:
A man is walking on a sidewalk.

A moped with two people riding swerves quickly  and deliberately onto the busy sidewalk. It drives on the sidewalk for a few seconds weaving dangerously amongst the pedestrians.

The man sees the oncoming moped, dances out of the way and gives a well timed kick against the moped to knock it off balance.

The moped riders fall off.

It this a legal use of force in the UK?

If another pedestrian was injured by the now riderless moped, is the kicker criminally responsible?


texts: FL-150 INCOME AND EXPENSE DECLARATION - Have No Information

texts:
My question involves a marriage in the state of: California.
I have a spousal support hearing very soon and I need to fill out the FL-150 Income and Expense declaration form. Found here: https://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/fl150.pdf
I've been a stay at home wife for 20 years and my husband was/is working. My husband currently has a move-out order on him. I don't have any information on how much he makes, W2, taxes, nothing like that. So I have no idea how to fill out this form since we are still considered "joint".
I went on the IRS website to get access to previous W2, but by the time they send out verification information, my court date will already be here.
Any suggestions on how to file income and expense declaration when you don't know your spouses information and he won't give it to you.


texts: Is saying "I want to kill somebody" publicly illegal?

texts:
I was thinking about a hypothetical legal question.
Could I, in the United States, legally say I want to kill someone? This is a civilian who is not well known and is not a government official.
I am asking this because I heard you can get arrested for saying you want to kill the POTUS, even without intent of doing it. Does this apply to a desire to murder, say, a coworker but not to actually carry it out?
I am a nonviolent person and I do not believe in murder war or anything like it.


texts: Do Revenue Sharing Agreements Carry on when the company is sold?

texts:
I've had an agreement with the Virginia company I work for to receive 1% of the generated revenue on a monthly basis. Of course that was after a long time of me being with the company (the bulk of my career). After enjoying the benefits of this agreement for about half a year, the company was sold (merged) for an undisclosed amount. The speculation is that it was sold for about 5M+. Am I entitled to get my share for this final transaction (about 50k+) or is that not considered a revenue and I'm out for good?
Neither the old owner nor the new one said a word of course.


texts:
I'd like to list technical specs for electronic products on my site. I want to compile it from different sources (other sites, not manufacturers). Is it OK to do that? Tech specifications have not copyrights, right? I know that I should ask a permission, but my question is what consequences might be?
(Theoretically it is possible to find out that something was copied from particular source if errors are the same or the same set of parameters, ant so on)


texts:
Can I lable a product,  "product of" the country where it was bottled?

For example if I buy barrels of oil from Spain, and bottle them in Italy , can I lable it "product of Italy"?


texts: can exceptional circumstances invalidate one article?

texts:
I am in the UK - England. I am complaining against my University for having been misadvised in a moment of strong distress and psychological fragility - which is caused by the misbehavior of my University.

The University points to the fact that one article of the Code of Practice states that the responsibility of what has happened is by default on the shoulders of the student, independently on the circumstances. They say this basically: "this is what is written in the article, we don't take into consideration the situation you were in".

My question to you is very general, but I need it to start asking myself the right questions:

can exceptional circumstances invalidate one article of a regulation?

Basically the article in question says:
"[PGRs are responsible for] Deciding when to submit their thesis (after the minimum period of study and before the end of the maximum period of study specified in Regulations), taking due account of the supervisor’s opinion which is only advisory."

What has happened is that, as my Primary Supervisor was neither replying to my emails nor reading my PhD thesis at all, 10 days before submitting by my proposed submission date (accepted by my supervisor) I was in panic and confused, and I wrote to my Academic Advisor (also Dean of the Department) to understand what to do in this situation. The Academic Advisor responded: "What you have to do is to submit by your deadline!!".

The university has accepted that thesis' feedback was strongly delayed (breach of another article), monitoring has fallen below standard (breach of another article), I submitted many complaints during my PhD time about problems of miscommunication with professors (without anybody addressing the issue), that an issue that I rose 3 months before submitting was a concern that came out during my viva (though not substantial), and that the reply of my Academic Advisor was ambiguous, but they say that the article says that I have to take responsibility on my choice to submit by that date (or, that I have to take responsibility on the act of submitting) - as that was not my maximum submission date.

The fact is that I was in panic and afraid to rise a complaint against my supervisor because of power relations (reference for a future job), as I do believe that the above makes the situation I was in very extraordinary. Not knowing what to do, my Academic Advisor (and Dean of the Department) instead of investigating on the situation and proposing me various options on how to solve the situation, suggested to me to submit my thesis.


texts: Any recourse to landlord wanting very early renewal?

texts:
Me and my girlfriend moved into our apartment on August 14th (the start of the 2017-18 term), just 37 days ago. The apartment complex is owned by a fairly large local company, owning many properties around town. Today we (and every other 2017-18 tenant) received an email stating that we need to respond that we are intending to stay, with a form including our signature, by October 2 (49 days into the term) otherwise our apartment will be "marketed and available to prospective tenants". Then they state they can only hold the apartment until the October 27th (74 days into the lease and 37 days since this email notice) because of high demand, and that that if they do not have a renewal lease signed point they will mark the apartment as available and we may "lose your house/apartment for next term".

I dug through the lease and there is no mention of when any party must give intention to renew, however they do state that any notice to end a current term by either party or change any details about the current term must be given 60 days prior to the end of the term (July 31, 2018).

This time to renew is way to early, we still have maintenance issues that haven't been addressed which we'd like to know the outcome of before signing up for another year, plus things could change. I'm wondering, short of any relevant information being in the lease, is there any recourse to being prompted to sign for renewal early in a term. Surely it would be an obvious issue if they forced you to renew 1 day into your lease, 49-74 days in doesn't feel much different. Is there options, short of emailing them and begging, to extend that term?

This is in Virginia, USA to be specific.


texts: Can Canadians who are professional actors come to the U.S. for pleasure (non-work)?

texts:
My friend is a Canadian actress (who I also represent) and she was just wondering if it's possible that she can come to the U.S. like any other Canadian might for "pleasure" or the usual 6-month stay maximum without any exemptions or limitations based on her profession.

I ask because the U.S. Visa section says anyone who is a professional actor is exempt from B-2 Visitor Visas, which are normally considered just short-term visitors for non-pay or are automatically applied without the need for applying for any Visa (meaning a Passport is all that's needed generally).

Since someone who acts can travel for non-professional reasons as anyone else, can she, a Canadian citizen and professional actor, visit the U.S. for the normal 6-month period?

Also, as a bonus question, if she were to get a paying acting job in the U.S. under any Visa for a 1-3 year max period as a start, and she wasn't residing in the U.S. for all of the allotted time, could she re-enter as a visitor not part of the initial "work-alien" Visa? I ask because there are many holes in this:

It's assumed that, because she's an actress, it's implied that she intends to live permanently in the U.S. -- she doesn't and only wonders because it's an opportunity for international auditions/work.
If she doesn't intend to live very much time in the U.S. (at least at once), the Visa would only be useful for pay and work -- not just a "hidden" loophole for permanent residency in which some might use it.
It's not an absolute requirement to obtain an O Visa for international acting work, but the Visa sections define "professional acting" as B Visa exempt, but that's only factoring in remuneration -- ignoring that this reads out as if it's stating, "No one who has acted professionally in their country is allowed to visit the U.S."; it doesn't read out as if it's only applying to professional work in said area.

Basically, there are many gray areas here and holes that may vary based on exact desires/circumstances/expectations of said people in regard to an existing profession alone, even when that profession may have nothing to do with one's desire for international travel.


texts: What measures are taken in very famous trials to ensure that the jury is not influenced by what emotions they assume to be stirred up by the verdict?

texts:
Derek Chauvin's current trial seems to be one of the most followed and most emotionally significant trials. Feelings and opinions are strong on both sides. Many consider it an open-and-shut case (some celebrities even state that he should be convicted without a trial), yet on deeper examination it's not all that easy for the prosecution. It's the prosecution which has to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt, and several of the defense's arguments (for example, Floyd repeatedly saying he can't breathe even while he was still in the car) might become a tough nut to crack. This means the trial can still have surprises, and strong emotions could be stirred up in certain groups if the results fall far from their expectations. For example, many people strongly believe that if Chauvin is found not guilty, or if his sentence is not harsh enough, then significant riots will ensue.
I presented the above example as a context to my question: by deciding on a verdict, a jury should concentrate on what really happened, and not on what feelings they think might be evoked by the public upon hearing their decision. Yet jurors are all human, and might consciously or unconsciously still take such things into account. Consider the hypothetical case the jury thinks that guilt cannot be proven beyond reasonable doubt, but they declare guilty anyway, for fearing a potential riot. They might rationalize that by sentencing a person they believe to be innocent, they save potentially hundreds or thousands from grievous harm.
How is such a dilemma handled by the courts?
Please note that this question is not about your opinion about what the verdict should be in the mentioned example. It's about the possibility when the judge or jury sincerely believe a defendant to be innocent but declare guilty (or sincerely believe a defendant to be guilty but declare innocent) solely because they personally believe that the correct verdict would lead to a violent riot where many innocents could die. Are such possibilities handled in any way, are there countermeasures against it, is there precedent for a case which was later overturned due to allegations of the verdict having been made for the above mentioned reasons?


texts:
My family member's son in law took out a loan in the family member's name using the family member's car as collateral. No payments were made on the loan. The car was repossessed after the loan defaulted. The auto loan was issued in Van Nuys, California.

A police report was created in Broward County, Florida. The loan company refuses to return the vehicle without full payment of the loan and is threatening to charge more over time.

If the loan were paid, would that impact the criminal fraud investigation in any way? Will the defaulted loan be removed from my family member's credit report once the criminal case is complete? Has anyone been through anything similar that could provide a time frame for all of this to shake out?


texts: NJ has a 1-party consent, and MA a 2-party consent, for recording conversations. What if MA calls NJ?

texts:
I recorded a polling call and forgot to ask the person if it was OK to do so.

Massachusetts, where the company is located, has a two party consent law for recording.

http://www.dmlp.org/legal-guide/massachusetts-recording-law

New Jersey is one party consent.

http://www.dmlp.org/legal-guide/new-jersey/new-jersey-recording-law

So what the law when the person making the phone call is in Massachusetts, and the recorder/recipient is in New Jersey?


texts: Are there examples of confidentiality clauses which still allow some public disclosures?

texts:
Speaking about typical IT contract - I'm looking for an inspiration on how to create a confidentiality clause that's not that strict.

It should cover 2 points of view:

contractor wants to have right to speak about work he did and was responsible for, like "I did module B, that allowed this and that. This was a hard task, and this is how I approached the problem. I used pattern ABC"
client wants to make sure that no sensitive and secret information is disclosed or for example big portion of source code is not published (but doesn't care if purely technical code snippet is discussed in a blogpost).

One option would be to limit confidentiality to secret documents, but not many companies do that.

Are there any examples of confidentiality clause not being that strict, and allowing to speak publicly about the job being done for the company? Or is it generally impossible to to create something like that?


texts: Negotiating "work for hire" rights back?

texts:
On this page it says:

"Even when you create works as part of your job, it may be possible for you to
negotiate to obtain some rights back from your employer."

How would you go about doing that?
Are there any good examples?
If it helps I'm interested in the juristiction of the UK (England)
For some context see: https://opensource.stackexchange.com/questions/4378/help-with-getting-permission-to-open-source-a-small-piece-of-software


texts: Photographing private or special property from public places

texts:
In the US, does a person photographing private property (houses, farms etc.) while standing on public ground (road, park etc.) commit any offence? If they do not, will they commit any offence by publishing the photos (think Streisand effect)? There are a couple of similar questions here (one, two) but those are for Australia.

Please also consider these variations:

The owner of the property (or security staff etc.) comes out and asks to stop (or even demands to delete the photos) — can the photographer legally ignore them?
Telephoto lens and tripod is used — potentially capable of zooming into details of what is inside the property. To avoid digging too deep into this let's assume that if something really private is caught on the camera (e.g. couple having sex), the photographer only keeps the pictures but never publishes them;
People are in the frame, e.g. a man mowing his lawn;
Special property (e.g. military base, power plant, railways etc.) is in the frame.

If the answer varies greatly from state to state, please focus on Tennessee, North/South Carolina, Georgia and Florida.


texts: What might be the chances of piercing the corporate veil for owning an LLC in a community property state with my spouse?

texts:
It seems that the courts in more States in the U.S. might start to grant judicial foreclosure on single-member LLCs. So, my question is, is husband and wife owned LLC in community property States regarded as Single-Member LLC? If so, what is the cure besides adding at least one new member?

EDIT: revised the tone of likeliness of more States granting judicial foreclosures.


texts:
In a will where two executors have been named, can one be "silent" without having to go through renunciation?

I believe the writer named two in case one didn't survive the other, but only one has an interest in administering the estate/will. Can the other just be silent?


texts: Could a lawyer give me advice on improving a contract I wrote without opening themselves up to liability?

texts:
I have a contract which was freely provided online by a lawyer familiar with a rather specialized field of law that I like, but there was one important circumstance that I wish it spelled out clearly.  I expanded the existing contract to include a final section covering the bit I felt was important to include in the contract.
I feel I did a decent job, for a layman, but I struggled at times to properly express in a legally robust manner my intent. It's likely good enough for a contract signed between two laymen; I suspect if the courts upheld any of the contract, they would be willing to uphold the clear intent of the section even if it's not perfectly worded.
I'm unwilling to pay the legal fees to get a lawyer to write this section.  However, there is a large enough community of folks who would care about helping to create a strong contract that I likely could find a lawyer with some experience in contract law who would be willing to give advice for free. The question is whether they could do so without placing themselves at legal risk.
I understand that the concept of caveat emptor applies to such free advice, and I have no expectation that advice provided is perfect or that the advice will prove to be legally binding.
Is there any way I can indemnify someone who has contract law experience and who offers suggestions for improving a contract, promising not to hold them legally responsible for any advice they provide in improving what I wrote?


texts: Trespassing on public property for filming a public area in California

texts: I was filming at a County Social Service office.  The Social Service Administrator told me to leave because I was filming and called the Sheriff.  The Sheriff arrested me for trespassing.


texts:
The situation: A wants to sue B for some money. The reason why B should pay the money is totally ridiculous. Any judge seeing it would just laugh and send A home. But A goes to a lawyer, who tells A that taking this to court has zero chance winning, and A will only be throwing their money away.
But A insists on taking the case to court. Can the lawyer get into any trouble for taking the case and bringing it to court? (Mostly interested in the UK and USA).
PS. What caused me to ask was a story on another website: A company hires a public speaker. The contract says that if the company cancels with less than two days notice, they have to pay (quite reasonable). The public speaker cancels with less than two days notice and somehow imagines that he is owed money. No other motive, he wants his money and thinks he deserves it.


texts: Conditions under which an adult grandchild of a Spanish citizen can acquire Spanish citizenship?

texts:
Does the adult British and born in Britain grandchild of a Spanish citizen have a right to Spanish citizenship? And if not, are they treated the same as a person who has no Spanish connections?

I have read this page published by Spain's London consulate, and the answer seems to turn on the meaning of the statement that having been born to a "Spanish" parent determines that a person is considered to be of "Spanish origin". It may be that when a person who was born in Spain and is a Spanish citizen becomes a parent outside of Spain their child is not only considered to be "of Spanish origin" but also "Spanish" in that they can pass Spanish citizenship on to their own offspring even if they themselves never get a Spanish passport or ever visit Spain.

Or it may be that this is not so and that what would be available to the grandchild is only "nationality by residence", but which they would be entitled to acquire after one year of residence in Spain rather than 10 years.

Note: user @27096 believes the fact that the person's parent and their Spanish grandparent are deceased may be relevant.


texts: Is permanent residence (unbefristete Niederlassungserlaubnis) in Germany counted as visa?

texts:
For job application, I need to answer this question: Do you currently hold or have held a visa in the past 12 months for the location that the role is in?

The role is in Germany and I hold permanent residence (unbefristete Niederlassungserlaubnis) in Germany. Should I answer yes or no to this question?


texts: How come the periodic copyright term extensions do not violate the US Constitution?

texts:
US Constitution, section 8, clause 8:

  [The Congress shall have Power] To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries

This authorizes both patents and copyright. My question is only about the latter.

In practice the Congress has been extending the copyright term by 20 years every 20 years, effectively making copyright terms unlimited. This seems to contradict the constitution:

How does extending the term for existing works "promotes the progress"? The work has already been created! The only way the extension in 1996 encourages the creative work of 1930 is if the author in 1930 anticipates that the copyright term will be extended in 1976, 1996 &c. But then...
... if it is generally expected that the copyright term will be extended continually, then, effectively, the perception is that the copyright term is unlimited. This literally contradicts the Constitution.

I am sure I am not the first one to advance this (or similar) argument, so my question is why is the argument rejected?

If it has been considered by a court (SCOTUS?) I would love to see a reference to the decision and a brief explanation/summary.

Notes:

I am not a lawyer. I am not a law student. I am a mathematician. Please do not tell me to read a 25 page "brief". :-)
I am not arguing that ...

... copyright extension robs the Public Domain ...
... it is unfair that everything created before 1929 is in the Public Domain while nothing created after that date will ever enter the Public Domain ...

... these are irrelevant to my question.
I am not asking why Congress does this.
I am asking how come this is constitutional?


texts:
Is it unlawful in the United States to sell passwords of other people?

If the passwords were obtained through malicious attacks on an organization's database, does that affect the legality?


texts: my landlord won't let me in on the day my tenancy begins, is this legal?

texts:
My tenancy begins on July 1st, however as this is a Sunday my letting agent will not give me the keys on this day. I really need to move my stuff in on July 1st, can I claim that not allowing me to have the keys and move in on this day is in breach of contract?

I live in the UK and will be renting this house with two other tenants


texts: Expiration date of an F-1 visa: Determine from I-94 or I-20?

texts:
Currently I'm in a valid F-1 visa status. But what is the expiration date for this visa. One way to determine that is to look at I-94 which in my case states "D/S (Duration of Stay)". The other way look at I-20 which in my case states August 20, 2022.

So, I'm wondering which one of these two dates accurately expresses the expiration date of my F-1 visa status?


texts: Is it unlawful and or against the rules for a lawyer to criticize a judge and or a judge's decision?

texts:
I've heard of a sentiment that a licensed lawyer should remain respectful of the court in order to promote faith in the justice system.

Is there a law or a rule against criticizing judges in and or outside of the court room?

Could you explain how that works?


texts: How does SE's arbitration clause hold up under the GDPR?

texts:
Today the new Terms of Service of Stack Exchange have been released, sparking a lot of unrest about its arbitration clause; see the comments and answers on the linked meta above, and also this question.

Does the GDPR prevent Stack Exchange from using the arbitration clause against EU citizens?

In the sense that when there's a massive data leak and a large class-action suit will be filed, can EU citizens do that collectively, as opposed to going through arbitration for each separate user?

The below is no longer applicable, since on the 10th of May electronic opt-out was made available.

Related to this it states that the opt-out currently is a physical letter send to Stack Exchange (how they'd tie that letter to my SO account is a bit vague for me, as I can type any odd user page on my letter, not only my own), but this comment suggests that under GDPR there should be a digital opt-out for digital services. Does that mean that the entire clause is invalid (or however that goes in law), when there is no digital opt-out currently available?


texts: If my company is dissolved and has filed Ch7 bankruptcy, does the company still have the right to lien the contractor's bond to recoup money owed? The contractor has ignored all requests for payment in the past year.


texts: Can a thief legally use force to prevent you from take your property back, in Germany

texts:
In this comment on another stack a user claims:

  Even in thoroughly socialist places such as e.g. Germany where criminals have more rights than lawful people (see e.g. BGB 858 and 859 which not only say that you (the owner) aren't allowed to take back your property from a "possessor" (thief) against the thief's will, but the thief is even entitled to use physical force against you)

I found this hard to believe so I checked the mentioned paragraph § 859 BGB online.

Section 2 states:

  Wird eine bewegliche Sache dem Besitzer mittels verbotener Eigenmacht weggenommen, so darf er sie dem auf frischer Tat betroffenen oder verfolgten Täter mit Gewalt wieder abnehmen.

(I used google tranlate for this because I lack the vocabulary to translate a juristic text)

If a movable thing is taken away from the possessor by means of a unlawful interference of one's own, then he may forcibly remove it from the perpetrator who has been affected or persecuted in the act.

However § 858 BGB says in section 2:

  Der durch verbotene Eigenmacht erlangte Besitz ist fehlerhaft. Die Fehlerhaftigkeit muss der Nachfolger im Besitz gegen sich gelten lassen, wenn er Erbe des Besitzers ist oder die Fehlerhaftigkeit des Besitzes seines Vorgängers bei dem Erwerb kennt.

The possession obtained by unlawful interference is faulty. The defective property must be held against the successor in possession, if he is the heir of the owner or knows the defectiveness of the possession of his predecessor in the acquisition.

I say because an object came into a persons possession by unlawful interference, § 859 BGB does not apply to that person because it only applies when the possession is not faulty. So it grants me as the lawful owner to get my things back by force, if necessary but does not grant the same right to the thief although he is technically the new owner of the object.

However the user claimed in another comment

  Besitzer is the one who is currently holding the item in his hands (so ,e.g. a thief coming out of your house), and this is orthogonal to being the legitimate owner. And yes, the law thus explicitly allows the thief (who then is the Besitzer) to exercise force against you, if you try to reclaim your stolen goods. Which is just what I said

So the user is interpreting it as it doesn't matter how you got in possession of an object, the only thing that matters is that you have it right now and therefore § 859 BGB does apply to you too.

To me his interpretation does not make much sense. Especially because it would allow people to steal from each other in an endless loop. However maybe I'm just missing something important here.

I'm a laymen when it comes to law, so maybe I'm just not getting it.


texts: Deposit return after lease is up with multi-renters

texts:
My son is renting a 2-bedroom apartment with 4 other people in Santa Cruz, CA.

It was initially agreed that he would share a room with one of the other tenants.  That agreement did not work out, because when he got there all of the space in the room had been taken up by the other person. So basically my son has been in the living room.

We knew he had signed the lease and he needed to follow through on it, which he did.

The lease is ending at the end of August and he will be leaving the apartment  and not resigning the lease.  The other tenants will be staying and resigning the lease.  The main person who seems to be the head person of the apartment says he will not give him his deposit back until they find another renter to share the room. But, as I stated, that person does not really share the room.
As I see it, it will be quite hard to find someone to rent a room that is not shareable.

How can he get his quarter of the deposit back?


texts: How was the $200,000 minimum income for accredited investors decided?

texts:
The SEC has a rule that restricts the definition of an accredited investor to a person who has income in excess of $200,000.

  (6) Any natural person who had an individual income in excess of
  $200,000 in each of the two most recent years or joint income with
  that person's spouse in excess of $300,000 in each of those years and
  has a reasonable expectation of reaching the same income level in the
  current year;

  Title 17 → Chapter II → Part 230 → §230.501

How was this number decided, and what is the reasoning behind this decision?


texts: Is it legal to grope an unconscious person in Virginia?

texts:
A friend of mine was groped by a man she knows while she was asleep. She didn't wake up because of her medication which makes her sleep pretty heavily. The man has fully admitted to doing this, so there is no debate as to what happened.

The investigator has said that according to Virginia law, what he did was wrong but not illegal. Since "he didn't use force, threats, or intimidation, it's legal. So in VA, you can do many things to someone who is asleep provided that if they wake up and tell you to stop, you stop." (quote from friend paraphrasing investigator).

I find it extremely hard to believe that you can sexually assault a person so long as they remain unconscious don't resist you. Is this really how the law in Virginia works? What are the limits of what you are legally permitted to do to an unconscious person?


texts: Is "giving notice" the same as "resigning"?

texts:
An employee gives two weeks notice to resign from his job. For example, on Monday, September 7th, the employee gives notice that he or she wishes to resign with the last day of work on Friday, September 18th.

Question: On which day does the employee legally resign? On September 7th (the notice handed to his employer), on September 18th (last day of work) or September 19th (not working for the company anymore), and on which day is he resigned? For example if a bonus is to be paid on September 14th but not to employees who have resigned?


texts:
Does NDA give away the copyright of the source code that an independent contractor created after signing the NDA?

In those unilateral NDAs, there is a paragraph always says

"All Confidential Information and all of the Company's trademarks remain the property of the Company and no license or other rights in the Confidential Information or such trademarks are granted hereby"

What does this statement really mean? I have seen the same wording in several NDAs.


texts:
Disclaimer: just a hypothetical question.
Does there exist a legal, possible procedure (as in, a finite amount of steps that are reasonably possible for the average human adult in which not a single step contains illegal actions for any of the concerned parties) through which one (assuming a human adult) can revoke any or all of the rights defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
In other words, is there a way one can give up on (any or all) of the Human Rights?


texts: How do I legally quote one or two lines of lyrics in a novel I plan to publish?

texts:
I've been thinking about publishing my novel on SmashWords and CreateSpace after having written it five years ago. However, in a paragraph, I quoted two lines of Lyrics, but didn't give the name of the song until I got to the Author Talks about <Name_of_Novel> heading.

This song is copyright 2012 by Hal Leonard Corporation. Testimony, by Stephen Schwartz. Would it be a good idea to keep the two lines of lyrics or remove them, but still keep the name of the song in the resources heading?


texts: can you limit what an employer can disclose about you

texts:
I want to list a former employer in California that I resigned from as work experience on my resume but I will not include anyone from that company as a reference.  I do not want anyone from that company disclosing anything about me besides start and end date.  Is there anything I can send this former employer's HR department to limit what they disclose about me?
thanks


texts: How far up the chain of internet provision does my GDPR responsibility go?

texts:
Say I host a web page on my computer, and you visit that site from somewhere in Europe.  The web server on my computer will know your IP address, and I can choose to "forget" it as soon as the request is completed (eg. pipe apache logging to /dev/null) or keep them and abide by the GDPR such as responding to SAR's.
However there are a number of entities involved in the process that may, and probably do, keep logs of the  transaction.  These entities will include my ISP, BT (who provide the to house infrastructure), some number of backbone companies, and your ISP.  I cannot access these logs, and given that I think it is a legal requirement to keep logs I think I cannot avoid such logging by choosing a different ISP.
How much of this logging am I responsible for under the GDPR?


texts: At what point would giving biased attention, positive or negative, to a candidate, constitute endorsement of or opposition to a candidate?

texts: This question is regarding the Johnson Amendment. Suppose that a 501(c)(3) does not specifically endorse or oppose a candidate, but rather has a biased narrative regarding the candidates. At what point would this reasonably violate the Johnson Amendment?


texts: Who is liable, the franchise owner or franchising company?

texts:
Suppose a car was damaged by a body shop (or similar shop) and the shop refused to cover the cost of repair.  (Assume the damage done is not related to work performed. For example, engine is damaged from moving the car, but the service requested was a paint job.)

The body shop is a franchise, so there are potentially three entities in the shop: the manager, the franchisee (owner), and the franchiser. When taking the matter to small claims court, which entity should be held liable?


texts: Advertising my business as "Best XXXX Alternative"?

texts:
I have a website on which I want to use the main keyword as "Best XXXX Alternative" wherein XXXX is the predominant competitor in my niche. As XXXX is searched a lot, I can build my SEO campaign and promote my website under the XXXX name. Consequently, people searching for XXXX will see my website on the first page of Google.

Can I use their name on my website's SEO titles?

XXXX is a pretty big corporation and I want to know if this is all right in terms of law? If not, how can I make it legal? E.g. showing prominently that we are not associated with XXXX?


texts: Does the Americans with Disabilities Act require deleting/blocking media that is not accessible?

texts:
According to recent news, the University of California, Berkeley has decided to remove 20,000 educational videos from YouTube to address findings by the Department of Justice that these videos do not satisfy accessibility standards set by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
See the university's statement, and this report on reason.com.

While it makes sense to require certain accessibility standards for media when it is created, it seems ludicrous to require deleting or blocking media after it has been created. After all, this helps neither people with special accessibility needs nor those without them.

Does the ADA actually contain passages that can be used to require deletion / blocking of media that do not satisfy accessibility standards? And if yes, what is the motivation for that (assuming one it is documented somehwere)?


texts: Is it legal to eat or drink items before paying for them in Georgia, USA?

texts:
My wife, two year old daughter and I went to a clothing store in Georgia. My daughter was being fussy after she saw some candy and soda that she just could not wait. So, I gave her the candy and soda. At the counter, their was an argument about the clothes that we were returning and it got to the point where the cashier simply refused service. The manager seemed to take her side. They would not even let us pay for the candy and soda (open items). So, we left those items in store and walked out without paying for them.

If after they refused service, I continued to open new food items and partially eat them, could I get into any legal trouble for this act? Even if I am willing to pay for those items?

My thinking was that they would be forced to charge me (provide service) for those items if the amount starts to add to about 10-20 dollars, which would make the manager think twice about if he should refuse service and let us walk out of the store without paying for the open items.


texts: Why doesn't everyone in UK just pay with exempted gifts?

texts:
From what I've grasped from the gov.uk website,
 you can gift as much as you like to anyone without paying any tax, as long as you don't die in the next 7 years. So why doesn't everyone just gift money to each other, to avoid paying tax?

For example, I could let 3 lodgers live with me for free (a room each). They could gift me £4000 a year each. I would pay no tax and keep £12,000 a year. If instead they paid me rent, I would pay income tax on anything over £7,500 (thanks to the Rent-a-room scheme).

I'm guessing this is too good to be true, but if so, how would the law argue against this?


texts: Law In CA for driving with expired registration

texts: Okay I can’t seem to find what I’m looking for. Everything comes up as expired tags when searching for expired registration. My tags are good through this month. I only have expired registration, I also have insurance. So what happens if I am pulled over? Am I subject to removal of vehicle and getting searched with no right to deny a search? Or is it a simple fine and on my way?


texts: Canadian immigration: Admissibility process mystery

texts:
This is a question I've asked at various Q&A sites and forums to no avail. Of course I also asked my own consultant, and several other lawyers and advisors, but none had the answer. I don't have high hopes, but who knows, so here we go.

I'm an asylum claimant in Canada. I've presented my asylum application in January 2018. A short time later I was arrested and detained. I was informed that I'm going to have to pass an admissibility hearing to be allowed to carry on with my asylum claim. The reason is possible serious criminality.

(Before you'd assume I'm some fugitive criminal who naively thought Canada will protect me from lawful consequences if I cry a little bit: no, I'm not. I was harassed by the authorities for years in my home country on political grounds, and I was charged with various criminal offences. I'm carrying several thousand pages of evidence to this unlawful and unfair treatment, all properly translated and prepared for presentation. The question is not whether my claim may be well-founded or not.)

I was released in March 2018 on a quite low bail. I was mandated to report once a month personally at the local CBSA office. I've also been told that a disclosure is going to be prepared and sent to me, with CBSA's statements for the forthcoming admissibility hearing.

I'm fully aware of the purpose, nature and legal regulations of the admissibility process. That's not what the question is about. Please read on.

In September 2018 I got a text message from Purolator about a package. I checked it online, and I found that it was sent to an address entirely unknown to me. It was in Sherborough, Toronto while I was living in Montreal, with full consent and knowledge of CBSA of course. There's no way to change the delivery address, so I just watched as it expired and went back to them. I thought they'll realize their mistake and resend it to my actual address. But that never happened.

In February 2019 when I went to report, I was asked to confirm my address on a form. I did so. Nothing happened.

In November 2019 an agent of SCIS - the Canadian federal intelligence service - visited my bondsperson and asked if he knows where I am. He told her that I'm still residing at the same address they have on file, and I'm reporting exactly as I was obliged.

Nothing happened ever since. I've been released more than two years ago. I got a work permit and even worked in a job requiring government security clearance. Why do you think CBSA isn't sending anything?

It's been suggested they're overworked. That may be, but they can't be so busy that they can't resend an already prepared document. Some said it's because of COVID-19. No, it's not, there was no COVID until March 2020. Maybe they don't think I'm a safety concern any more. Then why don't they just let me carry on with my life? Really nobody has any idea. Do you?


texts: What investigatory procedures and decisions are there for a tourist death in Poland?

texts:
A friend of my girlfriend (from Ukraine) visited Poland. Unfortunately for him, he got killed. I do not know much further details. Parents claimed that it was due to external trauma (e.g. another guy or more beating him to death). What made me curious was the fact that the parents of the victim said, that there was neither an investigation, nor an autopsy in Poland. Instead they just got the ashes of their son back.

Is it possible in Poland that someone can be killed without an investigation?

Do you have to pay for autopsy in Poland?


texts: Is it illegal for a family member to withhold an adult's U.S. passport?

texts:
In March, my parents and I submitted our passport applications to take a trip.

I received my passport at my home.  And the Passport office states that my parent’s passports were delivered to their home.  However, my brother lives with my parents and took the passports and will not return them, because he does not want my parents to go on a vacation with me.  He has kept their passports for over a month now.

What laws has he broken?  What are the punishments?  Since he took the passports from the mailbox, even though he lives there, and kept their government documents is that still a crime?  What division of the government would address criminal complaints about this?


texts: Flashbangs versus destruction of evidence

texts:
If setting fire to a crime scene would be considered destruction of evidence and spray painting a crime scene would be considered destruction of evidence why is the use of flashbangs not considered destruction of evidence?

As a pyrotechnic they have the capacity to start a fire. Short of starting a fire they will expel their products of combustion leaving a residue in their target area that could obscure or contaminate trace evidence.


texts: Year of passage of Massachusetts age of consent law

texts:
Massachusetts has an idiosyncratic age of consent law, which states that it is illegal to have sex with "any person under 18 years of age of chaste life": https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIV/TitleI/Chapter272/Section4

I was discussing with some friends the supposition that this law sounded fairly archaic. I'd like to find out when this law was passed, but some googling did not turn up a result. How do I find out when the law was passed.


texts: Can an adult distribute pornography made when they themselves were underage?

texts: My wife and I made a sex tape about seven years ago, at which time she may or may not have been underage. We just re-found it, and wondered whether it would be technically legal to show it to friends or even possess it ourselves, under United States law.


texts: What does this clause mean in a job offer?

texts:
What does the following paragraph mean? I haven't heard of "perfection rights to innovation and proprietary information" before. It sounds like the company could sign on the employee's behalf.

  Cooperation in Perfecting Rights to Innovations and Proprietary
  Information.

  I agree to perform, during and after my employment, all
  acts deemed necessary or desirable by CoolCorp to permit and assist
  CoolCorp, at CoolCorp’s expense, in obtaining and enforcing the full
  benefits, enjoyment, rights and title throughout the world in the
  Proprietary Information (including improvements thereof) and
  Innovations (including derivative works, improvements, renewals,
  extensions, continuations, divisionals, continuations in part,
  continuing patent applications, reissues, and reexaminations thereof)
  assigned or licensed to, or whose rights are irrevocably waived and
  shall not be asserted against, CoolCorp under this Agreement. Such
  acts may include, but are not limited to, execution of documents and
  assistance or cooperation (1) in the filing, prosecution,
  registration, and memorialization of assignment of any applicable
  patents, copyrights, mask work, or other applications, (2) in the
  enforcement of any applicable patents, copyrights, mask work, moral
  rights, trade secrets, or other proprietary rights, and (3) in other
  legal proceedings related to the Proprietary Information or
  Innovations.

  In the event that CoolCorp is unable to secure my signature to any
  document needed in connection with any of the actions specified in the
  preceding paragraph, I hereby irrevocably designate and appoint
  CoolCorp and CoolCorp’s duly authorized officers and agents as my
  agents and attorneys-in-fact, which appointment is coupled with an
  interest, to act for and on my behalf and instead of me, (1) to
  execute, verify and file, prosecute, register and memorialize the
  assignment of any such documents, (2) to execute, verify and file any
  documentation required for such enforcement, and (3) to do all other
  lawful acts to further the purposes of the preceding paragraph, all
  with the same legal force and effect as if executed by me.


texts: I have multiple Gift Cards for a retailer but they refuse to let me apply more than one per order. Is this legal?

texts:
We were recently given a couple dozen gift cards from multiple web sites, but as far as I can tell the same parent company (website design is the same, about us page is the same etc.).

I've already determined they're actually just a scam (each gift card for each website is almost exactly the cost of the item on that site, but shipping is exorbitantly high; e.g., $16 for a single bath towel).

My question is the following:

These were given to me specifically labeled in multiple locations as "Gift Cards", with codes on each card labeled "Gift Card Number: ". However, when I try to apply multiple gift cards to my account, it's not allowed. I could understand if these were marketed to me as promotions or discounts or something else, but they go out of their way in the package to explain how these are "gift cards" and have already been "paid in full".

Are there specific terms that define what is and isn't a "gift card"? My assumption was that if I have two $50 gift cards to a company, these are considered $50-same-as-cash -- however, the company insists these are ineligible to both be applied to the same order.

How legal is this?

Quick Note: The terms on the back do say they can't be combined or used for shipping costs. But I'm just curious if these sorts of terms are legal in conjunction with what's considered and labeled as a "gift card".


texts: Are most major lawsuits against corporations filed in federal courts in the U.S.?

texts:
My impression is that this is true, but I am not sure. By "major", I meant lawsuits that potentially lead to large sums in damages.
If you have any hard statistics to share, please do!


texts: any restrictions on transferring money from personal to business account

texts:
I'm starting a company and was wondering if I can use the income from my day job to fund my company until things are up and running. Basically I'd transfer funds from my personal account to the company account which is then used for company related expenses. Is this legal in Texas or Wisconsin? is it illegal in your state? what about EU countries?
PS: I'm open as to where the entity resides so if there are territorial differences on how the capital is provided, then I'd take the territories that allow for using personal fund through the company account of course.


texts: How does the GDPR apply to software developed by one company and used by another?

texts:
Question

I work for a bespoke software development company and I've been doing a lot of reading about the GDPR before it comes into force next year.

A lot of it makes sense, however I'm really struggling to find out what effect this has on us - specifically the impact when we write software that another company uses to process their customers' data. Are we a data controller, processor or neither in this case?

If we had direct access to customer data for testing the software I'm pretty sure we'd be a data processor, but does this still apply if we don't have access to (nor host) the data?

Could some kind soul please help me understand?

Sources

For reference here are the main sources I've consulted (plus lots of fruitless searching...):

https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/
https://ico.org.uk/media/for-organisations/documents/1546/data-controllers-and-data-processors-dp-guidance.pdf

Unfortunately most of what I've read deals with companies providing a service (building and running the software themselves) rather than just building the software.


texts: Is it legal, in the US, to sell business insurance which is triggered by a political loss of a pro-business party?

texts:
Regardless of whether it is right or wrong, Republicans are considered to be the pro-business party.  It doesn't really matter, for the purposes of this question, whether that's a correct assumption.  We can denominate hypothetical parties B and L (to stand in for pro-"business" and pro-"labor").

Assuming that a state, governed by B, adopts a policy which attracts businesses from other states, but there is a close gubernatorial election (but B wins over L by a razor-thin margin), it becomes risky for a business to make long-term commitments in such a state.  The next election can reverse the policy.

Is there anything which legally prevents an insurance company from explicitly writing a policy that would pay out a certain sum of money to any business in the state if, in the next election, L wins?  I do realize that there are other markers which can be used to stand in for such a direct triggering event, but my question is not about insurance.  It's about the law.  I can't think of anything which would preclude such an explicit triggering event in an insurance policy (other than maybe prudence or ethics).


texts: When translating a work of fiction, is the agreement of the original publisher neccessary?

texts:
Assume that the author is willing to see their work translated, the translator is hired and the publication on the receiving side has been dealt with. Does the opinion of the original publishing house which currently prints the work in the language of the original, matter? Say, are they able to block the translation project altogether, are they necessarily a side participating in the negotiations, may they insist on choosing another translator or publisher (assuming that the author themselves is completely satisfied by the current arrangement?)

If the answer is very country-sensitive, consider from=Japan, to=US.


texts: Can a tenancy be invalid if guarantor changes their mind before being legally bound

texts:
I signed a tenancy 3 days ago: I went into the agent's office and they sent me an email with an online form which contained the tenancy agreement. The form asked for a guarantor; I phoned one of my parents, x, and they agreed to be a guarantor, so I put their name and email address on the form and gave my electronic signature.

Before I was handed the keys and moved in (as the tenancy was signed the day before I collected the keys due to me having to pay rent upfront via bank transfer), the agency sent an email to x asking for their details and presumably an e signature (I told x they would require a signature prior to putting x's name down). However, x decided to "leave it floating" and has not given details. We have had an argument today, and hence I don't see x giving details. As it stands, it is my understanding that x is not legally bound to any agreement and thus isn't actually a guarantor assuming that they lie about agreeing to be the guarantor, as in a court of law it would be my word against theirs.

The agency wouldn't give me the keys before I paid the first month's rent. So why would they not require the details and signatue of the guarantor first also before handing over keys? I am now living in the property and have moved in my posessions. Where do I stand legally? Just incase it helps, I reside in England. Also, I don't have any other potential guarantors. The tenancy does not mention anything about a guarantor but it was a mandatory field on the form, which needed to be completed in order for the agreement to be signed, and the agent said it wouldn't be possible for me to rent without one.


texts: Can an employer legally confiscate property that they suspect to be illegal?

texts:
Some time ago (2017), an employee brought a bag of what was presumed to be cocaine to their private sector workplace located in Alberta, Canada. The employer demanded the employee hand the item over (no threats were made, the employee was simply told to hand it over and did as requested), started internal investigations, and reported the incident (and handed over the confiscated property) to the police.

Was the employer legally allowed to confiscate the employee's property?


texts: Can a lawyer subject the court to a (temporarily) ruse for a legitimate purpose?

texts:
This question is about the legality of a possible defence tactic that might be used in a criminal trial.  It is a variation on things you see in lawyer movies fairly commonly.  Suppose that a criminal trial occurs, and the defendant is not already in custody when the matter is heard (e.g., it proceeds by summons, or else he was out on bail).  There is a witness to the crime and it is expected that she will identify the defendant in court as the perpetrator of the crime.

Now, suppose that the defence lawyer has reason to believe that this witness is actually not able to genuinely identify the defendant (as distinct from someone who looks a bit like him), but expects that the witness wants to assist the prosecution, and so she will nevertheless confidently point to whoever is in the defendant's chair and say that she is certain he is the perpetrator.  So the defence lawyer attends court with a person who looks like the defendant, but is not the defendant.  The lawyer can prove that this pretend-defendant was nowhere near the crime (e.g., he was overseas at the time).  He sits this pretend-defendant in the defendant's chair and proceeds with the matter roughly as normal (while taking any necessary instructions from the actual defendant remotely by some surreptitious means).  He is careful not to explicitly say that this is the defendant, but he acts in a manner that ensures that the judge and prosecutor will assume that this is the defendant.

Suppose now that the prosecution witness testifies, and as expected, she identifies this pretend-defendant as the perpetrator of the crime, and says that she saw him clearly, and she is absolutely certain it is him.  The defence lawyer keeps questioning this, but she is resolute.  At this point the lawyer reveals the charade, thus destroying the testimony of the witness and exposing her as either dishonest, or at least unreliable.  He brings in the real defendant for the remainder of the proceedings.

Now, obviously this is a matter where the defence lawyer has perpetrated a ruse on the court, and has thereby misled the court, albeit temporarily.  However, this is done in the pursuit of a legitimate purpose --- namely, to test the evidence of a prosecution witness and expose the unreliability of that witness.  Also, to be clear, the defence lawyer will reveal the true defendant at this point in the trial regardless of the witness's testimony.  If challenged on this, the lawyer could potentially argue that this kind of temporary ruse does not really constitute "misleading the court", since he will ultimately reveal the true defendant, though that might be a weak argument, since there is certainly a temporary misleading occurring in the ruse.

My questions: Firstly, is there any practical impediment that would make it impossible to implement this tactic?  Assuming it is possible, what (if any) legal impediments would there be to using this tactic in a criminal matter?  In particular, would the defence lawyer (and possibly also the defendant) be exposed to legal danger for misleading the court?  Is there any case law where something like this has occurred (i.e., lawyer misleading court temporarily in order to test evidence of opponent)?

Note: I have not specified a jurisdiction for this question, but I am interested in the answer in any Western jurisdiction.  If the answers depends on jurisdiction, then it would be interesting to know whether this is something that would generally be prohibited.  I am aware that there is a large body of case law on the legality of ruses by police against suspects, but I am not aware of any case law on ruses against the court by a lawyer.

Update: For what it's worth, this exact tactic was just used by Saul Goodman in an episode of Better Call Saul.  In that show, the actual defendent is seated in the gallery of the courtroom with the other spectators, and a similar-looking person is sat at the defendent's table.  The result in the episode was a mistrial, and a dressing down to the lawyer from the judge, but no other sanction.


texts: Can you be bound to an unsigned contract even though services are rendered informally?

texts:
So you are working on a project to build a SaaS (Software as a Service). You prepare a technical contract and have it reviewed by intellectual property lawyers and it passes their approval. You present the contract to the client and they refuse to agree to the terms of the contract. But they still want to move forward with the project. They give you the agreed upon deposit and you begin work. Several months into the project, the relationship with the client goes sour and you refuse to continue to work on the project.

Can the client hold you to the contract which was not signed by either party?

Can they use the non-signed contract and copy of the deposit check as evidence in court as a verbal contract?

If they sue to try to recover the deposit, do they have any legal standing?


texts: Non FDA approved Covid vaccine required by employer

texts: Can an employer legally require employees to get the NON FDA approved covid vaccine or be terminated? Where is the legal information on this? The concern is it being non FDA approved and requiring it. State-Mississippi


texts:
This is not a duplicate of Is it legal to display third-party logos as part of “As featured in” on sites/printed ads without their consent?, but related to this.

I have a website. If my websites was mentioned on popular site, I put a small note on my website "Featured on ThatCompanyLogo"....

Anyone can find our website using Google. I mean we can be find on Google search results...

So if we mentioned "Featured on Google", is it a illegal work?


texts: Can a Christian convert marry a non-Christian girl under Indian Christian Marriage Act?

texts:
I am a Christian in India who recently got converted from Hinduism. I am in love with a woman who's a Hindu. I was thinking about marrying her in the Church I am a member of, but she pointed out that the marriage might not be possible since Churches in India allowed marriages between Christians only. However, I was going through the Indian Christian Marriage Act of 1872 and I noticed that this particular marriage act was applicable even for a marriage where at least one party was Christian. Now she doesn't want to convert and I don't want her to convert just for the sake of marriage. So I have the following questions:

Can I marry her under Indian Christian Marriage Act or is Special Marriage Act the only option?
My whole family is Hindu and I am the only convert. Will that be a problem for my marriage if I'm allowed to marry under Indian Christian Marriage Act?
What will be the religion of our kid according to the law in India?

Thanks for your time


texts: Is it legal to scrape a website and create my own database?

texts: I'm working on a website that needs a database which is available publically on another site (let's just says it is IMDB). It'd be great if I could create my database by scraping IMDB. It'll be a one-time thing. Once I get my database, my website can work on its own (without scraping or anything). So, Is it legal?


texts: Do I have to take someone's picture off the internet if they ask me to?

texts:
About 2 years ago I was working on an online game. I asked a friend if I could base it on him (use his picture for the character) and he said yes. Back to current, he is asking me to take the game down. I don't want to as it would require redeveloping the entire thing, losing it's fan base in the process. My argument is that he agreed for me to develop the game around him and has no right to demand it be taken down, especially after being fine with it for years.

Where do I stand legally? Do I have to take it down?

Edit: This issue has been resolved. He complained through our school who threatened me with suspension if I failed to remove it.


texts:
For the purposes of unlikeliness to pay as referred to in point (d) of Article 178(3) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013, a distressed restructuring should be considered to have occurred when concessions have been extended towards a debtor facing or about to face difficulties in meeting its financial commitments as specified in paragraphs 163-167 and 172-174 of Annex V Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 680/2014 of 16 April 20143 as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2274.

What does: "concessions have been extended" mean in this context? I tried to google it but could not find anything that seem to fit and make sence


texts: Evil mother filed missing person report after kicking out adult daughter. Any way to dismiss it?

texts:
Alright, so my girlfriend and I were planning to move in together sometime next month. We've been in a long distance relationship for over 2 years and have never met in person until now. She was in Oregon and me in California.

To make this easier for everyone, I kept advising her to tell her parents in advance so I can meet them beforehand. Unfortunately, they suddenly went berserk and decided to kick her out one random day at 3am after her mother failed to catfish me the night before. She was able to beg for extra time so they let her stay until evening that day. That day, her mother kept yelling and breaking her things (shattered phone as evidence) as well as spilling water on her boxes she had prepared to move out.

When she told me about this that morning, I immediately skipped work and went on a 17-ish hour long non-stop road trip to pick her up. She has just turned 18 last month and did not have a job so she would've probably ended up on the streets. She still had her laptop to talk to me so I was able to call her a taxi for a nearby Motel. With the money she had, she was only able to afford up to 2 nights there.

Anyway, I got there at 2am and we left to California the next morning. Now we're finding out that her mother tried messaging the phone she broke and accusing me of kidnapping her daughter. We know she's crazy so, for our safety, we refuse to disclose our location but she did take selfies, videos, and even called her over the phone to prove that she's fine. Even then, she filed a missing person report and we're being tracked down. They already found records of places we stayed and visited.

What can we do to dismiss such report? Does she just show up at a local police department telling them that she's fine and it was her own decision?

Her mother said the police also wanted to talk to me separately. I do not want to get involved in this at all. Can I reject it? Can we file chargers to her mother for being so abusive? Would I get in trouble for being in a relationship with her daughter since I was 20 and she was 16? We had never met in person until now, to avoid any trouble. She's short which makes her look a lot younger than she is. She did bring her Oregon driving permit and birth certificate as proof of her age.

Furthermore, I'm part of the DACA program so I fear this may put my work authorization at risk. I really love my fiancee and do not want to be separated from her...


texts: Is it legal to buy/sell a property through power of attorney?

texts:
Is there a legal way to buy/sell a property(apartment) in a locality where registration is paused? Heard about power-of-attorney way but not sure if its valid in this scenario!

Any advice on this would be highly appreciated!


texts:
I'm in Michigan. There are a few scenarios.

I hang a sign by a string to a person's car
I attach a sticker to the window of a car
Using washable window paint, I draw on a car window.

Are any of these illegal? Are any considered to be vandalism, defacing, or malicious destruction?


texts:
The CEO of Signal has posted the discovery of security vulnerabilities in Cellebrite products. These products are used by police to evade security on seized mobile devices and thereby download the contents for forensic examination. More details here.
What Moxie Marlinespike claims to have discovered is that malicious files on the device being probed by a Cellebrite product can hack the Cellebrite product in turn, altering not just the findings for the device being probed, but also for other devices probed in the past.
(The terms "hack" and "probe" here are used purely to distinguish the direction of the security penetration).
So, what is the legal situation if you have one of these files stored on your device? The file contains malicious software, but it only activates if the device is connected to a Cellebrite product. Assuming you didn't give permission for this, are you guilty of hacking the Cellebrite product?
I'm principally interested in US and UK law, but answers for other countries would be acceptable too.


texts:
In the UK does accent count as a "legally protected characteristics"?

For example. If i have a thick Newcastle or Yorkshire accent, could an employer legally turn me down for a job for that reason?

  Race

  The Act continues to protect people against discrimination on the
  grounds of their race, which includes colour, nationality, ethnic or
  national origin.

I'm not sure if it would be classed as something to do with race etc..


texts: Who is responsible for complying with COPPA?

texts:
I'm a relatively new freelance web developer that's creating a site for a client that's geared solely towards children. I have read through the guidelines on how to comply with COPPA and I'm doing my best to comply, but feeling unsure if I'm doing things exactly right. I can't afford a lawyer (unless I passed the charge onto my client), so I'm not sure what to do.

I have a few questions:

Is it my responsibility to be sure the site is completely COPPA
compliant, or is it my client's? For example, there needs to be a Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. Am I responsible for drafting those documents?
Is COPPA compliance an area
where I (or my client) should really consult a lawyer? Or can I get away with just following the guidelines to the best of my ability.
Is there a
clause I can put in my contract that would protect me from being sued by my client in the case that my client is fined or sued?


texts: What is the legal restriction for driving vehicles that don't require a license?

texts:
I live in Croatia, and laws here are not so clear to the actual restrictions for drivers licenses.

My question is this: what determens if a vehicle requires a driving license in Croatia?
For example, I own an electric bike that has 45hp, max speed of 70kmh(~45mph)  and weighs 200kg(~441lbs) and is selfpropelled.
Is it legal to drive it without a license in Croatia?
I am very interested in this, as I am looking to buy an electric motorcycle, and also my age is 20.
I'm sorry for any spelling errors as English is not my first language, and for asking a question about a law that isn't in your country/state.


texts: Can a founder use bylaws to prevent being fired by the board

texts: Is it legal for a company founder to add to the bylaws that nobody has the power to fire him as ceo (law in Colorado, The United States of America)