texts: Can anyone issue a bill regarding damage identified in your former appartment?

texts:
I left my old appartement 2 months ago, I just received the regulation regarding the charges, rent, repairs and security deposit. As the title mention it, there were some costs due to cleaning of floors, sink and stuff like that for 95€. So be it. I don't know why but I wanted to check who issued the bill.

I looked up the registration number (SIRET) and found that his line of work was "Organisation de foires, salons professionnels et congrès" which you could roughly translate to the organisation of trade fairs, professional exhibitions and congresses. On paper it doesn't really seem like someone with the expertise to issue a bill for repairs in an appartment but I'm no expert in the law department either.

So I'm wondering if anyone who has the ability to issue bills can issue one regarding the matter at hands, appartment repairs.

For the information I live in France and I did my research but couldn't find anything regarding any legislation imposing some kind of craftsman to estimate the repairs.


texts: A query with regard to Defamation and Data Privacy

texts:
Suppose student X fails in Professor A’s class. X takes professor A’s picture from the university website and then puts up posters around campus with the picture along with offensive comments. He refers to the individual as a professor but doesn’t disclose his name, class, or any other personal information. As a result, Professor A experiences severe depression and is admitted to a hospital. What are X’s liabilities?
I understand that there is a case of defamation here. What I’m not sure is whether there is also a data privacy case in this particular scenario.


texts: I have been chosen, after filling out a questionnaire, to appear for jury selection.  I have no desire to influence whether or not I am chosen, but at the same time I wish to appear respectable.  What would be considered appropriate attire for Jury Selection?  I haven't had to wear a suit since my father's  funeral, and haven't needed to wear anything more formal than jeans and a tee shirt other than for job interviews in the past decade.


texts: Is it really legal to knowingly lie in public as a public figure?

texts:
It's recently been revealed (by himself, even) that the famous business man and Shark Tank member Kevin O'Leary actually does own Bitcoin, and that he bought them in 2017. Ever since, until recently, he's been publicly mocking it, calling it a "nothing burger", etc.
Now that he's revealed that he bought in 2017, but "couldn't talk about it", people just seem to accept that as nothing. Totally normal and acceptable.
Aren't there laws against lying in public as a public figure? I mean, he had Bitcoin but kept actively bashing it. It's one thing if he said: "No comments." or something, but going out of your way to badmouth it even though you had it, denying that you had any?


texts: Let say I went into a store and bought something. When I was walking out an employee or the manager stop me and ask to look inside my bag because they assume I was stealing. Before, I could even respond because I was surprised, they grab my bag and look inside with out my consent. Could I be able to sue them for trespassing ( personal property)?


texts: Does Amazon Need to provide source for Silk?

texts:
I was looking at the traffic on my website, and saw some of that from the Amazon silk browser, which shows up as:

  Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.0; SM-G900R4 Build/LRX21T)
  AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/47.0.2526.83 Mobile
  Safari/537.36

aside from clearly having some sort of identity crisis, the silk browser claims to be a Mozilla product.

The Mozilla license states that source code must be made available.
https://tldrlegal.com/license/mozilla-public-license-2.0-%28mpl-2%29

So I went to the Amazon silk site, and some Amazon sites, but I see no links, or references to download the source. So either Amazon is violating the license by not providing source code, or masquerading as an alternate browser, which (as I understand it) is illegal, under the terms of hacking, and e-crime.

Beyond that, I see no way to contact Amazon about this. What should someone do?


texts: Is it fair use to discuss a fictional work on a webpage?

texts:
On my for-profit website, users can rate and comment on works of literature, film, and music, most of which are copyrighted. The only information I include is:

1.) Title

2.) Release date

3.) MPAA rating, if it is a movie

4.) Similar works

Does this count as fair use of the work?


texts: Can defamation involve a non-believing third party?

texts:
A false statement communicated to a third party can be defamatory per se, not requiring proof of actual damage, if the statement falls into one of 4 categories: accusation of committing a crime, professional incompetence, having a "loathsome disease", or engaging in non-trivial sexual misconduct. In Milkovich v. Lorain Journal, 497 U.S. 1, one of the holdings is that "statements that cannot reasonably be interpreted as stating actual facts about an individual are protected" (emphasis added), thus the statement needs to be somewhat credible as a factual claim.

Here is the question. Has defamation ever been found where a person communicated a qualifying false accusation to only a single third party (or two people – but not 'generally broadcast'), where the statement could reasonably be interpreted by someone as a statement of actual fact, but where the third party demonstrably does not actually believe the accusation (e.g. testified to that effect). In other words, if the actual and necessarily limited audience of the accusation dismisses the statement as nonsense, has such a statement ever been judged to be defamatory?

Legal assumptions / precedent here are from US law but examples from other jurisdictions are sought, provided that defamation is defined in terms of false damaging statements communicated to third parties, where per se defamation is recognised.


texts: How can sound assets be "license and royalty free" but also "non-commercial use only"?

texts: MAGIX likes to sell sound packages that they proclaim as "license-free and royalty free content for non-commercial use only" (e.g https://www.cloudswave.com/creative-tools/s/magix-soundpool-dvd-collection-20/compare/magix-video-slideshow-sound-archive-8/ ). Sometimes they offer products that they advertise as "completely license and royalty free" but if you inquire they still tell you they are for non-commercial use only. I would have thought that prohibiting commercial use inherently require a license, and that "license-free" inherently meant that the content could be used commercially. Is my assumption incorrect?


texts: Is there a legal reason for why song identification apps can't [won't] identify some foreign music?

texts:
This question in particular concerns using SoundHound/Shazam/MusixMatch or other commercial song identification apps in the United States to attempt to identify Japanese songs, but this question is conceivably relevant for the identification of non-Japanese songs as well.

A little context: the Japanese music industry is quite strict about keeping much of its music inside of its borders (at least digitally). For example, there are a lot of songs that have been released on the Japanese Amazon MP3 or iTunes stores, but they are nowhere to be found in the respective United States stores.

The Japanese music industry goes to great lengths to ensure that their music does not end up digitally outside of their country. For example, I have seen many Japanese songs get taken down Youtube very quickly after their uploads due to copyright violations.

Why can't commercial song identification apps identify certain songs, especially ones whose access is restricted to Japan? Shazam, etc. use audio fingerprinting to identify songs, so they must keep samples of the songs somewhere.

So my conjecture is that they can't identify Japanese songs because they can't legally keep samples due to Japan's policies concerning the digital distribution of their music.

Is this true? Or is there some other reason for why commercial song identification apps won't identify foreign songs?


texts: How does "innocent until proven guilty" apply to non-payment?

texts:
Say I make a big win at a casino and walk out with a suitcase full of cash*. I decide I want to buy a car with it, so I head down to a car dealership, and buy a car - which I pay for by handing over said suitcase.

The next day the police turn up at my house. Apparently, the car I'm driving was reported stolen by the dealership. I insist that I paid for it; they say I didn't. Which way does the court rule?

In theory, I should be presumed innocent until proven guilty, so they would have to prove that I didn't pay. But it's impossible to prove a negative, so they can't. On the other hand, I can't prove that I did pay - there is no way I can prove that the suitcase full of cash was handed to the dealer, rather than say buried in my back yard, as that is also proving a negative (that I don't still have the money).

So what happens?

This question is not actually about car purchases; that is an illustrative example, so please ignore the unrealistic bits. This question is about how courts handle cases where it is impossible to determine the truth, and both parties have a stake.


texts: Is there a limit to how much a landlord can charge for cleaning fees? (England)

texts:
My friend lives in atrocious conditions in social housing. The conditions are tenant inflicted and cover pet faeces on the floor, fly infestations, blocked up plumbing etc.

My friend is moving house soon and feels completely incapable of cleaning the house by herself. She knows there will be a hefty bill for the landlord's cleaning services, but she wants to know if that is capped and, if so, at what amount?

N.B. please do not comment on the inappropriateness of the cleanliness of the property. I agree that such a standard is unsafe and unusual.


texts: Can I legally build a social app that is based on another game app?

texts:
Take for example the well known app Angry Birds. Lets say that I wanted to build an app called Angry Birds Social. In this app you could meet with other Angry Birds players, create Angry Bird strategies, share thoughts and ideas, and organize face to face group Angry Birds player meet ups.

The Questions

Would the creators of Angry Birds have any right to take legal action against me for any kind of infringement?
If there are legal issues what are some possible options that could allow the app to be built and developed legally?
Can anyone provide references to where I can do some research myself into the legal implications of creating a 'sister' social app like this?


texts: Does the "70 years after death" rule always apply unconditionally?

texts:
Let's say I've found an image of artwork online and I know who the creator of the original artwork was, and I know that the creator died more than 70 years ago.

Can I be 100% cetrain that the image of the artwork is public domain, i.e I can sell the image or do whatever I want with it?

Is there a possibility that someone else has bought the right to the artwork and therefore owns the right to it even after 70 years have passed from the original authors death?

EDIT: I should mention this regards a country in the EU but I don't think it matters that much because of the berne-convention?


texts: Is it legal to create a 4 second gif from a movie clip?

texts: I run a fun page on social media. I want to create gif from movie clips and use it for creative memes, purely for entertainment purpose. Will it come under fair usage if I give credit to the source on my page.


texts:
Suppose the Supreme Court strikes down both the CDC's eviction ban
and all local bans.
What happens if local governments ignore the Supreme Court and still refuse to evict? Can individual sheriffs, deputies etc follow the Supreme Court's decision and carry out evictions?
Can the federal government create special "eviction police" to override local law and enforce the Court's decision? (The answer is very likely yes, given civil rights used federal troops, but this seems like a very major use of federal power over local matters.)
And in response to "court needs to order eviction ", you need to cite that because it isn't mentioned. Example from NY

A tenant shall include an occupant of one or more rooms in a rooming house or a resident, not including a transient occupant, of one or more rooms in a hotel who has been in possession for thirty consecutive days or longer;  he shall not be removed from possession except in a special proceeding

With "special proceeding" not further defined. Could it be a proceeding in another court? Or no court? The contract could specify the venue, but isn't the entire issue being due to the contract being invalid under some law?


texts: If a law is proven to be unconstitutional, can the Legislators who approved it be sued?

texts: In Argentina several laws are sanctioned which later are proved to be unconstitutional. Yet, until someone appeals the law, that law is applied unconstitutionally to a lot of people with the harm it makes to them. Many times you know that a law they are about to approve is wrong, it's approved by legislators not for the sake of people but to profit their own interests, and that the law is going to harm many people. My question is: Can such legislators be sued?


texts: Are lawyers permitted to advise what the best decision is likely to be?

texts:
I have engaged lawyers (who I have not dealt with before) to convey my property.  New Zealand being "in lockdown" due to COVID19 has somewhat complicated the transaction.  The advice I have received from my lawyers has been inconsistent due, I expect, to lack of case history and certainty.

After their providing guidelines/suggestions I was a bit surprised that the lawyer stated "As lawyers we are not permitted to advise you what decision to make and it is up to you which risk you see as the 'best'"

Is it legally correct that a lawyer is not permitted to provide advice on what decision to make (in New Zealand)?   I'm just wondering if they have said this to 'cover their backs' and are dressing it up as a legal constraint?


texts: How do I find out if a company I want to claim against has a UK address

texts:
I intend to take Norwegian airlines to court to claim for unpaid compensation. This is NOT a question about whether I am entitled or not, I need to know to whom I should address the small claim. The airline I bought tickets from and therefore was responsible for carrying me was Norwegian. The airline I claimed compensation from was Norwegian and the airline that declined my compensation claim was Norwegian. The case has since been arbitrated upon and I am still not satisfied with the result. Now I intend to continue to a small claims court.

I have asked Norwegian and the CAA for the address, and neither have helped me.

To make the claim the person I'm claiming from needs to have an address in the UK - I have found this https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/09360346 but unsure if this is the actual person I'm making the claim against?

Thanks!


texts: Can I pay someone to end a relationship?

texts:
Here is a common trope in movies and series: Romeo and Juliette love each other, to the great displeasure of Mr. Capulet, Juliet's father. The man decides to privately meet Romeo and to offer him big money if he accept to quit his daughter. Depending on the story, then two scenarios are possible:

Romeo is not the good man that Juliet believes she loves, and will not refuse easy money. He disappears from Juliet's life whose heart is broken forever (or until the next love interest).
On the contrary, Romeo abhorres the idea of living far from Juliet and refuses the money. It starts from that moment a strong enmity between the two men.

There is a third scenario that never occurs in fiction: Romeo accepts the money, but tells everything to his significant other. He uses the money to offer a happy life to Juliet. This is how I would probably act in such a situation: sure, lying to Mr. Capulet is not very honorable, but why should I act with honor with someone able of this kind of vileness?

My question: could Romeo be legally binded to honor his word and quit Juliet? Would it change something if Mr. Capulet had the idea of making Romeo to sign a written document?

For the sake of the question, we can assume that it happens in the US (since it is a regular trope in US TV shows). Answers that compare situations in other countries is interesting too.


texts: Dismiss with Prejudice Following Settlement - Do I lose protection for a new claim?

texts: I went to small claims and received a default judgment in my favor (I was the plaintiff).  I got my money, now the question is do we then file a motion to dismiss (with prejudice)?  If we do that, will I be prevented from filing a claim if a NEW claim occurs?  Will this be treated as an entirely new claim?


texts: Enforcement/development of state statutes

texts:
These are high-level and theoretical questions from someone who is not familiar with how the legal system works.

The questions are best understood in the context of an example.

Let's say Billy is an heir to an oil fortune and fresh law school graduate with an axe to grind against leadership at his undergraduate alma mater, a public institution.

He's got all the time and money in the world.

Billy begins crashing university leadership meetings because state statues include an "open-meetings" law: anyone can attend any public meeting, and the language used in the statute is open-ended and doesn't specify to which type of meeting the statute applies.

University officials naturally dislike pestering and aren't even aware of the "open meetings" statute because nobody has ever been so bold as Billy. They instruct university security to ban Billy. Henceforth, Billy is promptly escorted off premises every time he tries to attend a meeting.

Now, my questions are very broad so please do not focus on the specifics of this example.

(1) How exactly does the "rubber meet the road" when it comes to statutes, and laws more generally? The law is clear that all meetings are open, but how is the precise enforcement of these statutes determined?

It would make sense that a large townhall-esque meeting should be open, but is a meeting between two lower-level employees covered under the law? Sure, it can get definitional, but the broader question would be how are those definitions determined.

(2) How could Billy determine the nuances of how the statute is enforced? A plain reading of the state statute is easily accessible online and clearly states that Billy is allowed to attend public meetings. How could Billy research how the statute is currently interpreted by the powers that be and know exactly what it means in practice?

(3) Assuming some "workable arrangement" or "agreed interpretation" of the open meetings statute is in place (for example, let's say meetings are public if and only if they have more than three officially scheduled attendees including the organizer), under what circumstances and how could this be changed? Let's say Billy wants to re-define meetings as any scheduled conversation between two or people. Can Billy do this?

(4) What if Billy is completely in the right and is technically allowed at any meeting he wishes to attend, but university officials have no respect for the law. They kick him out every time. What recourse does Billy have? Could Billy call police on security when they try to kick him out? What if the police are friendly with the security guys and laugh at Billy like everyone else? Who does Billy call then?

(5) Let's say Billy is sharp, hard-working and has the loving support of family and friends. Does Billy have a fighting chance to have any real impact at his alma mater to change how things are done? Consider the cases in questions 3 and 4: one where he is in the right, and the other where he wants to change the law or how the law is interpreted. Broadly speaking, how effective could a "one-man show" be against a powerful institution with wide network of support in an area?

I know these are broad and impractical so thank you to anyone who spends time answering them!


texts: What is the legal role of a Christian baptism certificate?

texts:
One of our friends was required to submit her Christian baptism certificate when preparing her documents to get married in France. I'm not sure why that was required, and I'm wondering what is the legal role of a Christian baptism certificate.

Let's say my Christian parents never baptized me, would I have trouble getting married or making other engagements?


texts: USA Consumer Law - Can issuer of gift card expire card without expiry date on card?

texts:
I bought a highend graphics card from BestBuy. Nvidia offered a game on the card.
The invoice didn't have an expiry date at all or a website to refer to regarding terms and conditions.

I tried the code and it didn't work. I contacted customer support and they told me the promo expired and they cannot help me.

What does the law of the USA say regarding informing me as a customer with the expiry date?

Do they have the right to make my coupon expire without any prior notice?

Again, there is no reference to the sentence of "terms and conditions apply or visit a website for more information" in the invoice.


texts: Do Bitcoin banks need a banking license?

texts:
Or consider any currency with no intrinsic link to any other currency or form of capital (i.e., not backed by USD or gold or anything like that), and note that the issuer/bank would not itself offer currency exchange.

Also, would they register as a bank in the state where the server is located? What if there were servers/customers in multiple states?

What laws apply, and how would one best comply?


texts: If you're homeless, can you be served or charged with failure to appear as a civil defendant?

texts:
So, let's say my last physical address on record happens to be the last place I worked. Since then, let's say I've been homeless. So, my debtors might eventually sue me in court, however, I'm unable to show up since I know nothing of it being homeless which leads to a default judgment. Then there's a summons to court for the "Asset hearing"; if you're homeless, can you actually be served? If you can't be served, then can you get charged with 'failure to appear' which shows up in police records? I.e., does anything show up in police records if you're homeless and de facto completely separated from the legal system, and cannot participate at all because you're not ever properly served? Can the police do the serving if they find and identify you, or can they alert the courts to get the process server after detaining you? I.e., do the police know that a process server is looking for you? (I.e., let's say they identify you after busting you for doing crack in the streets.)

For all intents and purposes, let's say you're like that one guy who went to live in the woods? Can the park ranger detain you, identify you and bring you to the process server because somehow they know you're being looked for?


texts:
What is the relevant section of Florida law with regards to Towing a vehicle?  Assume an unknown  vehicle is blocking access for another vehicle to leave the garage or entering the garage.
Any guidance / lessons learned / best practices that serve to minimize conflict to resolve a blocking vehicle and prevent the problem are appreciated.
Clarification: assume a Condo parking lot and a townhouse garage is blocked.  Assume the HOA has no rules regarding the matter.


texts: Is it legal to seek someone out to make them violate a restraining order?

texts:
A plot device I have seen on several TV shows is person A has filed a restraining order against person B, and then person A intentionally gets near person B to make person B have to run away to make sure they don't violate the restraining order. John Oliver does it to Ken Jeung in this clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUDYH_5szo4&feature=youtu.be&t=14m6s

Is person A breaking any laws if they do this? Would this count as person B violating the order if they didn't back away?


texts: Can states legitimately enact immigration law or policy that is contrary to federal immigration law?

texts:
Federal Immigration and Nationality Act Section 8 USC 1324(a)(1)(A)(iv)(b)(iii) says

  Any person who encourages or induces an alien to reside in the United States, knowing or in reckless disregard of the fact that such residence is in violation of law, shall be punished as provided - for each alien in respect to whom such a violation occurs fined under title 18, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.

That said, does it follow that it would be a violation of Federal law for a government official to declare a state/city to be a "sanctuary state/city" for the specific purpose of harboring and protecting unauthorised immigrants from lawful deportation?


texts: How soon must the house send the impeachment charges to the senate?  Is there a time limit on how long they could be held in the house?  Do they "go away" if not forwarded in a certain time frame?


texts: Does GNU FDL 1.3 restrict the copyright holder's distribution rights?

texts:
I'm running into a ball of confusion between people on how exactly GFDL limits (or if it does or even can limit) the author's rights.

In our specific case, a copyright holder has provided work to us, licensed under the terms of GNU FDL 1.3. This license specifically allows licencees to redistribute, but limits relicensing of, the work. The copyright holder of the work wants to go on and sell this work to people under different licensing (as part of a book or somethin', so, incompatible with chapter 11).

They're not looking to revoke our rights to the work, we know the license is irrevocable. But we are unsure as to whether the copyright holder has the technical right to go on and sell this work under a totally different license, and who would enforce it if they didn't anyway?

I've tried scouting copyright law for clauses on this, but as one might expect it's rather impenetrable. I feel this should be an obvious question, but at the same time I don't know the law's wording on the alienability of the authors' rights. And I can't find anything reputable online about this.

If a copyright holder distributes their work under the terms of GNU FDL 1.3, can they go on to distribute that work to others under any other license as per their default rights? Can a copyright holder 'waive' their right to redistribute their works under other licenses?


texts: Is it legal for "in-network" dentist to send me a bill when insurance company denied claim?

texts:
A couple months ago I went to the dentist for a crown, he noticed my jaw clicking and he said that I would need a "occlusal adjustment" to help fix this.

Based on what I was told, I was under the impression that my insurance would cover this.  I then got a notice from my insurance stating that they need additional information from the dentist before they can approve this claim.  My dentist's office assured me that this is part of the process and they would have to send it paperwork so they can approve.

Well my insurance didn't approve it because of the following reason:

  Based on the diagnostic materials provided by your dentist, this service does not meet this requirement for coverage.  You should not be billed for this service.

The amount billed on my insurance claim shows $500, the member rate shows $319, and if this claim got approved I would have just owed $95.

Today I get a bill in the mail from my dentist at $594 and the receptionist stated that my insurance did not allow any benefits for this procedure so the dentist gave me a ($150) discount so the bill is for $444.

Is this legal, can he send me a bill when he's an "in-network" dentist and my insurance denied his claim?

I would have never done this procedure if my insurance didn't cover it but since they made me believe it was part of the process I thought they had experience with this sort of thing before.

Since my insurance says "You should not be billed for this service.", does that mean he is not allowed to bill me as an "in-network" dentist?


texts: Celebrity images for non commercial purposes

texts: Can I source photos off of the web of celebrities for non-commercial purposes?  In particular: a theatre wants to project images of celebrities onto the backdrop of their stage as part of a "tribute to the greats" number.


texts: Can HOA force you to pay for services in addition to dues?

texts:
My HOA (in CT) is asking owners to get their dryer vents cleaned. They asked last year and I obliged. I got them cleaned 12/18. They sent out an email today saying every unit must get them cleaned. I have used the dryer maybe 4 times since they were cleaned last, so the vents don’t need cleaning again at this time.

Can my HOA force me to pay $80+ for unnecessary dryer vent cleaning in addition to the $280+ monthly HOA fee/dues I’m already paying?


texts: Drinking (alcohol) in the passenger seat/backseat of a car/taxi in the States

texts:
My question is a fairly simple one, but consists of multiple clauses:

Is it legal for you to drink in a car if you are not the person driving it?
Is there (and if there is, what is it) a difference if the vehicle is a taxi or limousine, meaning the driver is paid for service?
Is there a difference among different States in the US regarding this?

On a personal note, I don't see the problem with drinking if you are not the one who's driving. I guess the laws regarding this (if exists) were written because they are worried that drivers will be more likely to drink themselves if they see people drinking right next to them.


texts: How are the interests of civil and criminal justice served when in conflict?

texts:
Tom made an interesting observation:

  It is very common to have a civil lawsuit brought that implicates
  criminal laws, but not have the criminal violations be charged. For
  example, if you steal a purse you go to jail, but if you steal a
  building you are rarely charged with a criminal offense. It is rarely
  to a civil litigant's advantage to bring up criminal matters and there
  are ethical rules limiting the interaction between the two.

What are the ethical rules that limit interaction between civil and criminal proceedings on the same facts?

This does seem like a fundamental problem: To my knowledge there is little consideration in criminal code for victim compensation.  I don't know what case law conventions exist for this.  Every U.S. state has a "Crime Victim Compensation Board" which attempts to reimburse victims of violent crimes, but that is a bureaucratic process and it appears designed only to cover direct costs resulting from such crimes.

Therefore: If a criminal has significant assets, and the civil law provides for significant punitive damages, then a victim stands to gain far more from a civil judgement or settlement (correct me if I'm wrong) – to such an extent that a victim of a wealthy defendant would likely refuse to cooperate in any criminal prosecution that could jeopardize his financial gains from a civil action.  And without the cooperation of the victim, even if the state wanted to pursue criminal charges, presumably it would decline to because of the difficulty of succeeding.

This situation runs somewhat counter to the interest of the criminal justice system, which is to punish the offender, not reward the victim.  It also allows wealthy criminals to "buy their way out of jail," which is something the criminal justice system does not like.

So is this conflict and result just an "unfair" fact of all common-law justice?  Or are there mechanisms that exist to satisfy the demands of justice despite this conflict?


texts: When in consent necessary for touching someone?

texts:
When is consent to touch another person necessary and what constitutes consent? This question focuses on intimate, romantic or sexual relationships between two adults. At school they have been pushing the Consent is Sexy motto and I was wondering what exact words need to be used and what situations they apply to?

Obviously no means no and rape is rape. But I've heard of situations where after the fact the female claims she was exploited without consent and the male claims he didn't intend to. For example does a husband literally need to say the words "do you want to have sex?" to his wife and if she doesn't reply "yes" it's technically illegal?

Does context matter? E.g. is running up to a stranger and kissing them illegal but kissing your partner isn't without consent?

A made up example: I met a girl on a dating website and she later complained I didn't get consent to hold her hand but she never said not to or resisted. I also kissed her and she kissed me back and later complained I didn't get consent.


texts: Copyright expiration and public domain of books

texts:
I have been looking that many books published with copyright notice like:

  Copyright © by [abc] publication. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied, or stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission of the copyright owner.

Now I want to know:

How long this copyright last or sustain?
Can books used as in public domain after expiration of copyright?

Also

If a book doesn't have any copyright notice, then can it be used as if it were in the public domain?
How do I check whether a book is copyrighted or not in case of no copyright notice?

Note: my concern is for scanned versions of books.

Excuse my poor knowledge in this area!


texts: Re-use images uploaded by users on Google Maps for the website

texts:
Can I use images uploaded by users on Google Maps to display on my website ?
If yes, do I need to reference images back to the Google Maps and how ?


texts: Where does the title "tipstaff" come from?

texts:
This blog post discusses the duties of a "tipstaff" as a role that still exists in Pennsylvania (US) courts, which includes clerical duties such as ordering motions and announcements etc.
There are reasons against using the term, such as perception of corruption and/or courtroom novices (e.g. jurors) getting the impression they're supposed to tip the tip-staff.
The post closes with a question, which I'm asking here: Why does Pennsylvania still call this position by the name tipstaff?

Note: The title is distinguished from that of "bailiff" in the Clarion County Juror Handbook ("Each courtroom has two tipstaffs and a bailiff").  Title 234 Rule 111 also seems to contemplate a distinction as the rule applies to "all court personnel including, among others, court clerks, bailiffs, tipstaffs, and court stenographers."

I did consider posting this on EL&U but think here it might get the benefit of more specialized knowledge or people more familiar with actual practices of law & functioning of courts in PA.


texts:
I've recently came across a paragraph in the Merchant User Agreement of Big Cartel, specifically paragraph 5.2, called "Prohibited and Restricted Activities"

The paragraph states that offering the following is illegal

  Code or similar automatic items, programs, or processes, such as automated software, data mining software, scrapers, and ‘bots

I'm quite sure that this paragraph was taken into the agreement to forbid the selling of (automated-)bots, that are for example used in online games to "farm" experience and/or items, as well as data-miners/scrapers, that - for my understanding - grab information off the internet of from other data-sources, ie. corporate adresses from the web.

1) Regarding "Code or similar automatic items.." for my understanding as a software developer of 18 years, code is inherently not an automatic item nor is it similar to being automatic. It's text. Text doesn't do anything. Instead it can be turned into an automatic item LIKE a program (ie. compiled), process (ie. interpreted) or automated software (kind of double-ensure the former two ways). How is code being interpreted here? Isn't the wording here so bad, that essentially selling any type of code is not allowed?

2) Regarding "automatic items, programs, or processes, such as automated software, data mining software, scrapers, and ‘bots". Does such as indicate examples, hence, bot/scraper/dataminer are an examples but not an exclusive list of forbidden code/software? Thereby any software is forbidden?


texts: What happens when a state loses so many people that they *have* to give up a house seat and electoral college vote? Who becomes the unlucky loser?

texts:
How does one determine who gets "fired" after a mass exodus or catastrophic event that leads to the departure or death of a sizeable portion of people in states that have several representatives?
For example, let's assume a meteor hits New York City, devastating New York State's 4th to 15th district.


texts:
I am an EU citizen who codes. I have a project, which works this way:

program enters a word into Facebook search
program extracts links to the Facebook pages
program scrapes (gather and save) the contact phone number of the page (session is without authorization: to access numbers you do not need to be logged in)

I will never use this program, I will just code it for the man who set me the project and paid me for it. He is from the USA. Is this legal? Is RODO (Polish GDPR) applicable there?


texts: Code compatible with a GPL licensed program published under a different license (GNU gettext)

texts:
Context:
The Python standard library already contains a gettext module roughly compatible with the original GNU gettext library. Simply this module does not use the hash tables present in mo files to speedup accesses without loading the whole thing in memory.
I wondered if it would be easy to implement that hash table lookup and eventually be able to generate the table and dived into GNU gettext library sources. I soon thought that there would be no technical difficulties.
Details:
The hashing algorithm is not documented outside the source code, and the only way to write a compatible code even from scratch is to find in the code:

the details of the hash function (it is a derivative of P.J Weinberger hash function)
the lookup function which uses that hash function and a second function to deal with conflicts
the method for determining the size of the hash table

The first 2 elements are in LGPL copyrighted source code, the last is in GPL copyrighted source code.
Everything else is documented and can be written from scratch with no need for copyrighted material.
Problem:
I would like to use the Apache Free License 2.1 for my own work, which is of course a free license but incompatible with both GPL and LGPL. The goal would be to able to later contribute it to the Python Standard Library which uses its own PSF license and require an Apache license from its contributors.
Question:
Most of the code would of course be written from scratch, and what I would borrow from GPL or LGPL licensed code would be a very little yet essential part. Would it be acceptable or would it be a copyright infringement? Specifically would it still be a derivative work? And could all this be a fair use of the copyrighted material?


texts: Sending dried fruits to Australia through courier

texts:
I have sent 1kg of dried fruits as a gift to a friend from New Zealand to Australia. I DECLARED them in customs form when sending parcel through New Zealand post. But now some one now tells me that dried fruits are prohibited items to be sent to Australia.

I am worried that what will happen to that gift? Will Australia Customs confiscate it? or Am I liable for a fine?


texts: Legal test of the constitutional authority Congress to impose wage and price controls

texts:
In 1971, using authority delegated to him by Congress, President Nixon imposed wage and price controls to try to get inflation under control. This was known as the Nixon Shock.

There was a district court case, Amalgamated Meat Cutters v. Connally, on the constitutionality of the measures, but the only legal issue that seems to have been addressed in this case seems to have been whether or not Congress could legally delegate this power to the president.

Regardless of the delegation issue, was there any test at the time of, or had it already been established, whether Congress even had the constitutional power in the first place to do this, if it had chosen to do it without delegating it? It seems pretty far out for the legislature to claim the power to invalidate an employment contract and force the employee to be paid less.

Was this underlying issue argued at all in Amalgamated Meat Cutters? What would be the constitutional basis for this power? The interstate commerce clause? In that case, would the wage and price controls not apply to a purely local business?

Is this related to the question of the constitutionality of minimum wage laws?


texts: Ought store compensate me $100 for paying mover to return mattress of wrong size?

texts:
I bought a Full XL mattress and bed frame from a store in Ontario, but they delivered a California King – they contended they didn't have Full XL. I can't accept the King as it won't fit in bedroom! I called them to pick it up, but they insisted on charging $250 especially as I live in a rural area.  I escalated to the Manager but she said the same. I can't lift – let alone move – them, and paid movers $100 to transport both back to the store. The store refunded me for the mattress and bed frame, but not $100.  They emailed

  Your request for $100 is inappropriate. This is final, and we will not respond to you any more on this matter.

What's the most fitting case on remoteness of damage? Hadley v Baxendale [1854] EWHC J70? The Achilleas [2008] UKHL 4?

FYI, ON Small Claims Court charges $102 for filing a claim.


texts: Does attempting to hack into a system constitute a cybercrime by itself?

texts:
If someone tries to attack or gain unauthorized access to a given system but fails eventually, could that person get arrested for the mere attempt?

I know laws differ from one state/country to another, but is there some sort of a generic answer?


texts: Should the decision about an Extradiction be based on the Legistlation or on the Juristiction of the executing member state?

texts:
The case of the extradiction of the Spanish politician Carles Puigedemont made me wonder whether the justification of the partial non-execution of the European Arrest Warrant (EAW), decided by the Oberlandesgericht Schleswig-Holstein, is justified.

The EAW names several grounds for optional non-execution. However, in the case named above the Court of Schleswig-Holstein justifies its decision by saying that the level of violence applied by the person subject to the EAW was not strong enough to be considered as "High Treason", referring to German jurisdiction. However, the only ground for non-execution that references the jurisdiction of the executing member state is found in Point (3) of Article 4 EAW, which doesn't seem to be applicable in this case.

Is the justification of the German court based on another principle that is not stated in the EAW, requiring to take into account the case law of the executing member state? Or could it be justified via another one of the seven paragraphs of Article 4 EAW?


texts: Does the state forbid competition with so-called natural monopolies?

texts:
(I don't need information about specific country, so it's OK to post information about laws of country that you know, just remember to include the name of the country in your post).
For example, I heard that the state forbids competition with public utilities. So you can't have two water pipes systems in your house, even if you're willing to pay big money for it. You can't open new water-pipes company, it would be against the law.
Is it correct? I just can't find anything that would either support or disprove such information.
If it's correct, then I would want you to provide me few examples of this.


texts: Monetary value of a human being per some historical treaty?

texts:
As an example, did the Treaty of Versailles assign some monetary value to each British human life lost during WW1 for reparation payments by Germany? Or the Geneva Conventions as another possibility?

If other historical treaties/laws are more relevant, what might those be?

Lastly, would these past arrangements still carry through to the modern day as a generic assignment of a person's monetary value, as a function of residency/citizenship in a legally-defined area (city, nation, etc)?


texts: What legal recourse does company have against a client for compensation when it performs work for the client without a contract, given that the company has documentation of provided services, along with multiple witnesses?


texts: What if the law changes after your proces begins?

texts:
What would happen if there is a law change and those laws had had an influence on your case? Some scenarios, what would happen:

The law you are sued for is deleted ...

while your process is going
before a case is raised against you (what you did was illegal while you did it)
after your process is finished (could you question the judgement?)

There is a new law ...

while your process is going
after your process is finished (could you question the judgement?)


texts:
I have a situation with Australian immigration that sounds like a cheap scam...

Immigration process goes as follows, you submit documents to one of agencies that are appointed by the Australian government, in my case ACS (Australian Computer Society), and based on paperwork provided they give you certain amount of points.

Then you go to SkillSelect where you again submit documents and they show you how many points you have...

then you have to pay application fee, for me it was 7800AUD (~6k$)... Then you need to submit documents again to Immigration and they can give you radically different points... which exactly happened to me...

There is mechanism to ask for your application money back which I submitted but let's say they refuse to give the money back, which from my interaction with them so far feels that they might... which international agency should I turn to to take them to court?

What international body would one go to file a case against Australian Immigration?


texts: Why must victims of 'sex-for-rent' arrangements be legally defined as prostitutes to seek justice?

texts:
This Morning Star article describes attempts by Labour politicians to make it easier to prosecute 'sex-for-rent' arrangements, where landlords "demand sex from tenants in lieu of rent".
The article includes the following paragraph:

Under current legislation, victims must be legally defined as
prostitutes, which is thought to be a deterrent to victims coming
forward since they may fear that it will adversely affect their
future.

Under what law must victims be legally defined as prostitutes in order for a prosecution to take place?


texts: When is it illegal to carry opened alcohol in public?

texts:
I heard it's technically illegal to have an alcoholic beverage that is not in the same state it was sold in, in public. Does this mean

if a single can of beer is missing from a six pack it is illegal?
if a bottle of hard liquor has been opened and resealed, it is illegal?

Also, what is meant by "in public" in this context? For example if I'm walking down the street with a two six of vodka in my backpack that I had already drank from, would that be illegal? Does it matter if it's concealed?


texts: Is there a way to get old bylaws off the books?

texts:
I'm doing some housekeeping in our bylaws, and we have a number of bylaws that aren't anything more than bylaws to rescind other bylaws.

For example, in the municipality I represent we have this bylaw:

  By-Law #1617

  A By-Law for the purpose of rescinding By-Law #1590.

There is literally nothing else in the bylaw matter of this bylaw other than to rescind a previous bylaw.

There are a couple of bylaws on the books like this, and I'm trying to figure if there's a way we can get them off the books (meaning, take them out of our library of bylaws in effect), or if there's a better way of repealing old bylaws. I'n my mind we can't go about repealing this bylaw now, because as soon as we repeal Bylaw #1617, then #1590 will no longer be repealed, so we'd need a bylaw to repeal both #1617 and #1590 wouldn't we?

We did just recently pass another bylaw that repealed several dozen ancient bylaws all at once. Would it be best practice to maintain a single Repealed Bylaws bylaw, and merely amend it every time we have another bylaw we want to repeal that won't be superseded by a new updated or consolidated bylaw?

What's the best practice for repealing old and outdated bylaws when they won't be superseded by anything new?


texts: Why are mask law violations not dealt with like speeding?

texts:
Specifically referring to the UK, where masks just became compulsory, people choose not to follow the law, and retail staff suffer.
Why do the police not enforce this the same way as with speeding? Set up in an area you know is bad, wait for people to come along and break the law, and hand out fines?
This would not only encourage mask wearing, but would generate much needed revenue. Am I missing something obvious?


texts: How specific can landlords be regarding Covid-19?

texts:
Are there any privacy protections which would prevent a landlord from including the name of a specific tenant in a warning regarding Covid-19?

For context: Recently my partner and I (we live in Massachusetts) started exhibiting symptoms of Covid-19. After speaking with a doctor, we informed our landlord that we may be ill. He responded by saying that he has to inform other residents of our building that we are ill. While we agree that it is important for other residents to be aware and take extra precautions, we are concerned about our landlord including our names (particularly given that my partner is Asian-American).


texts: How can I sue a USA company while I am in Mexico

texts:
I was working for a Indian IT company that hires people from Mexico and sends them to work within other companies in USA. This company has been stealing money from me each month with taxes, and I'm ok with that, because its a small amount.

Now they won't pay me for the last month I worked there. And they want me to fill a W2 form where I say I got paid. This is a Michigan based IT company, but I worked in Florida.


texts: Taking payments online via personal website

texts:
I'm very close to releasing a business website with my brother-in-law.

It's a brewery business (based in the UK) and we'll be taking payments via a secure payment gateway, such as PayPal.

As we'll be selling online, do I need to have anything in place before taking credit card payments? All the security side of things will be handled by a third party gateway. We won't be holding any sensitive customer data in our databases.

Thanks in advance.


texts: Is a bylaw valid if there is an error in one of its whereas statements?

texts:
We have a bylaw that references another bylaw in one of the whereas statements.

It says, "WHEREAS Bylaw 1638 provides authority for..." and it doesn't really matter what bylaw 1638 provides authority for, because bylaw 1638 was defeated during its second reading.

I'm guessing these bylaws were drafted around the same time, and for some reason the author decided it was necessary to include the reference to the other bylaw. The one bylaw was passed before the other, which got tabled, and eventually defeated.

Is this bylaw valid?


texts: Renting in the United Kingdom, should I repair the storage box?

texts:
I am renting a house in the United Kingdom. The house has a storage box in the garden. A few months ago, there were strong winds and the lid of the box was, we presume blown open and one of the front two doors then broke off. We promptly emailed the estate agent images of the damage and as we had no use of the box I taped it up to hold it together and prevent the wind causing more damage. It's worth noting we've never had any use for the box.

The estate agent however, in a very passive aggressive manner suggested that we should have acted in a "tenant like manner" and placed a padlock on the box to prevent it being blown open. They also said that the Landlord has fitted a piston to the box lid that should have prevented it being blown open, which if I'm not mistaken is plainly false as a piston should prevent it slamming closed, not prevent it from opening. Finally, the estate agent said the Landlord had dropped by over that period and noticed the box lid was open from the other side of the fence. Now, this is possible, but due to the cold weather and the fact the box is down beside the house, not visible from the inside we simply probably didn't notice that day. I would also ask why the Landlord didn't simply knock to inform us it was like that if he thought it was an issue.

Now we are coming to the end of our tenancy and my question is, in the likely event the estate agent tries to charge us for this damage at the end of the tenancy are we likely to be able to successfully challenge the charge? We are okay for money so shouldn't encounter any issues if we have to wait longer to get our deposit back. Despite their suggestions I have so far given no indication that I will repair the box, aside from taping it up to prevent more damage.


texts: When can a cop force a person to comply?

texts:
I've seen many youtube videos where a citizen refuses to answer a cops questions. This one particularly stood out as it seems the person is intentionally trying to get the cops attention then refuse to answer there questions.

In the US (and in Canada) can a cop do anything if the citizen refuses to answer questions and they weren't certain he was doing something illegal? Also, must a cop answer "yes" or "no" when asked if they are detaining you? For example when the cop asked "have you been drinking?" and the guy says "am I being detained?" could the cop just not say yes or no (for example reply with the question "were you at a bar")?

Are technically cops powerless unless they catch you in the act of a violent crime?

I'm wondering, people like this are wasting a valuable resource, what laws could be passed so cops could charge him? Do these things not count as obstruction of justice?


texts:
Is there any legal mechanism for a citizen without resources, to be able to sue the state for infringing his/her constitutional rights? In Argentina for example, I know there is a "defensor del pueblo" at national and provincial level, but as far as I know, he acts by his own and not by petitions besides they are a few for so many people.

I don't know if here questions can be asked about how it is for more than one country, my interest is worldwide and more particularly Latin American countries, since certain types of freedom of speech/beliefs/equality under the law, fair trial, etc. abuses, and constitutional violations by part of international lobbys inserted and exercising its influence from inside of the states are seen across most western countries.


texts: Can I get compensation for time spent on case if I win as a defendant

texts:
I had to reimburse a housemate's security deposit, after he recently moved out of the house, as I had paid the deposit of the entire house and still living in the house. He is disputing the cleaning and repair charges deducted from his deposit. In his email he suggested taking this to court if I disagree with his request for a full refund. I feel I have no need to mutually agree to go to court. I believe I have enough proof to prove the charges are valid.
If he decides to sue me , mostly in small claims court, is it possible for me to ask for compensation for time lost in fighting this case such as time taken off from work or any other kind of compensation. Perhaps through a defendant's claim? Does my winning or losing as a defendant to his case affect if I can claim or win any compensation
I or the rented property in question is in SF Bay Area (CA)


texts: Lawyer made a key decision without consulting me. Is this normal?

texts:
While this case is happening to a relative of mine rather than myself, I will speak in first person for the sake of simplicity.

I had a medical procedure performed by a licensed doctor (Dr. A). This doctor subsequently left the clinic and when I came back for a checkup I was seen by another doctor (Dr. B), who found nothing wrong. A year or so later, during a regular checkup, Dr. B discovered that the medical procedure performed by Dr. A was completely botched and must be redone at a cost of roughly $10,000. Both doctors refused to acknowledge any wrong doing or provide any refund or free work.

I hired a licensed legal professional to sue both doctors on the grounds of negligence, seeking $10,000 in damages to pay for the re-work. The agreement specified that the lawyer would receive 1/3 of the amount won (or be entitled to some pay in the case of a loss). The case was going well, and after a cross-examination of all parties by other parties' lawyers, my lawyer advised me that I have a strong case and advised raising the damage claim significantly (more than double).

A week or two later, my lawyer sent me an email advising that after consulting with an expert, he has decided that the case against Dr. B is not strong and has withdrawn his name from the lawsuit and Dr. B is no longer a defendant. He further recommended reducing the claim down to a point where my 2/3 share would not even cover the procedure anymore.

I have limited experience, but my impression was always that legal council is there to advise me, NOT to make key decision for me, such as simply dropping one of the defendants. Is this normal practice? Keep in mind that we've been communicating by email, and I've been reasonably prompt, usually replying the same day.


texts: How strong are Nike's claims in the "Satan Shoes" case?

texts:
Lil Nas X and MSCHF appear to have purchased a bunch of Nikes and modified them by changing the color, embroidering them with writing, and adding drops of human blood to the soles. When they marketed them as "Satan Shoes," Nike sued MSCHF for trademark infringement, false designation of origin, and trademark dilution.
I'm sure Nike has spectacular lawyers, so I assume its claims are much stronger than I would have otherwise assumed. While I understand their reluctance to be associated with Satanism or bloody sneakers, I'm having trouble understanding why the buyer of a trademarked product would be unable to modify and resell it.
I assume that if I bought a Ford Mustang and dropped a Toyota Yaris engine into it, it takes away from the central attraction of a Mustang, but does that mean I can no longer sell it? What if I just paint it a shade of red other than what Ford uses? What if I add a pentagram window sticker?
To what extent does the trademark holder have the right to control how buyers modify and sell its products? How do those rights apply to the Satan Shoes case?
EDIT: I'm looking for answers that include citations to relevant case law.


texts: Justiciability of a case involving violation of natural justice by an authority other than 'state'

texts:
It is settled that natural justice is guaranteed under Article 14 of the Indian constitution. However article 14 explicitly mentions that "The State shall not deny to any person ...".
Thus if a person is subject to arbitrary discrimination on grounds of religion or has been denied natural justice, he/she may not be able to invoke article 32 to seek remedy unless the violator is 'State' within the meaning of article 12.
However the jurisdiction of High courts under article 226 is much wider and includes any society/corporation which is performing 'public function' even if it is not controlled by the state. To rephrase, the test for determining amenability under article 226 is the 'function test' which is much wider than the more restrictive 'control test' for article 32.

Now my question is

  Suppose a person has been discriminated on grounds of religion or has been denied natural justice by an authority/society which is amenable to writ jurisdiction under article 226, but not under 32, then what is the analog of article 14 which shall be invoked in a writ petition under article 226 ?

My understanding is that even though the body is amenable to writ jurisdiction under 226, it could argue that article 14 does not place any obligation on it to not discriminate on the grounds of religion or to follow the principles of natural justice since it is not State.

  Which public remedy is available to a citizen in such a situation ?


texts: Terms and Conditions of Trade - are they really allowed to be so biased toward the supplier?

texts:
I'm about to have an air conditioning system installed and the supplier has sent me the the invoice for the deposit, along with a contract which seems to me (as a lay person) to be incredibly severe, indemnifying the supplier in almost every conceivable way while giving them no responsibilities whatsoever except for those already enforced by Australian consumer law.

One of the sections is particularly unbelievable to me:

  Security and Charge

  14.1 In consideration of the Supplier agreeing to supply the Goods, the Client charges all of its rights, title and interest (whether
  joint or several) in any land, realty or other assets capable of being
  charged, owned by the Client either now or in the future, to secure
  the performance by the Client of its obligations under these terms and
  conditions (including, but not limited to, the payment of any money).

  14.2 The Client indemnifies the Supplier from and against all the Supplier’s costs and disbursements including legal costs on a
  solicitor and own client basis incurred in exercising the Supplier’s
  rights under this clause.

  14.3 The Client irrevocably appoints the Supplier and each director of the Supplier as the Client’s true and lawful attorney/s to perform all
  necessary acts to give effect to the provisions of this clause 14
  including, but not limited to, signing any document on the Client’s
  behalf.

I have googled some of the text and it appears to be pretty common.

I don't completely understand the use of the word "charge" here, but am I correct in interpreting this to mean that the supplier can claim my assets if I fail to fulfill my responsibilities, and that if I have a dispute with them, I can't have my own legal representation because I've agreed that the supplier will be my attorney, and that - most egregiously - the supplier can write whatever they want and then sign it on my behalf?

I mean, is it even legal (in Australia or elsewhere) to make such an absurd contract? It seems like they may as well have said "you agree that we automatically win any dispute you have with us".


texts: Is it intimidation or trespassing if someone confronts you about suing their insurance company when at home?

texts:
I had a guy show up at my house knowing that I was already suing his car insurance company, for a car accident; he hit my car passing on left while homeowner was turning left into their driveway. Would this be considered an act of intimidation/trespassing/act of aggression towards a victim if he asked me why I was suing his insurance company?

What other offenses should I be looking into also?


texts: Oracle Java SE 8 release updates after January 2019

texts:
Our suite of applications heavily depend on Java. One of our customers came across this link https://www.java.com/en/download/release_notice.jsp and are asking us to explain what it really means? Does this mean our customers would need a license to use Java 8 or it's new features after January 2019?

Oracle Java SE 8 Release Updates
Public updates for Oracle Java SE 8 will remain available for individual, personal use through at least the end of 2020.
Public updates for Oracle Java SE 8 released after January 2019 will not be available for business, commercial or production use without a commercial license.
If you are a CONSUMER using Java for individual, personal use, you will continue to have the same access to Oracle Java SE 8 updates as you do today through at least the end of 2020. In most instances, the Java-based applications you run are licensed separately by a company other than Oracle (for example, games you play on your PC are likely developed by a gaming company). These applications may run on the Java platform and be dependent on Oracle Java SE 8 updates beyond 2020. Accordingly, Oracle recommends you contact your application provider for details on how they plan to continue to provide application support to you.
If you are a DEVELOPER, Oracle recommends you review the roadmap information for Java SE 8 and beyond and take appropriate action depending on the type of application you develop and your distribution model.
If you are acting on behalf of an ENTERPRISE, Oracle recommends you review the roadmap information for Java SE 8 and beyond and begin to assess your ongoing Java support requirements in order to migrate to a later release or obtain a commercial license, as appropriate, on a timely basis.
If you are an ORACLE CUSTOMER who is licensed to use Java SE as part of another Oracle product, you continue to have access to Oracle Java SE 8 updates beyond 2019 for use with those Oracle products, see this My Oracle Support (MOS) note for more information.


texts:
I am not very knowledgeable in the matters of international trademark law so I was hoping to get some insight here. I am considering a development of a computer game and the best name I came up with is Galactica. However, I am unsure whether I can use this as the name Battlestar Galactica is obviously a trademarked name.

The game shall fall into the genre of so called grand strategy games which are essentially large empire simulators with a single game playing out for many hours and deep game mechanics. The game would be situated in galactic environment, the player would explore star systems colonize planets and make diplomatic connections and wage wars with other species in the galaxy.

Could I get into trouble for naming such a game Galactica?


texts: Can I refer to another contract in a contract?

texts:
Should state that I am in the United Kingdom (England specifically if that makes a difference).

I have a contract I want to make for a web design job and I have created a contract that lays out the terms while the web design job is taking place which will then be finished once the web design job has been completed.

However, once the web design job has been completed, my intention would be to then offer the client web hosting services. However, as this would be an ongoing service, I have created another hosting contract for this which would then be renewed every 12 months.

I could send the two contracts separately and have the client sign both if I needed to but this would involve inconvenience in needing the client to sign two documents. So I wondered if I could either:

Create a hosting clause in the web design contract which would then refer to the fact that the terms of the hosting service are defined in the hosting contract (which I would then link to either a web page or another document or could I add these terms as a schedule?)
List the two sets of terms separately but in the same document and then have it so that there is just one place to sign at the bottom for both sets of terms.

Is this possible or would this create issues?


texts: Public school liability for slip and fall injury?

texts:
If someone slips and falls on a patch of ice in a public school parking lot, and:

The victim is not a student
The victim was expected to be on the school grounds (i.e. not a "surprise visit" or a "wanderer")
It occurred on a school day during school operating hours.
The patch of ice was not salted
The school should have known that salt should have been applied, due to obvious weather conditions (and they did, since other parts of school property were salted)

is the school liable for the medical bills incurred as a direct result of the injury?

I've researched this online, but almost every article I find speaks only about the school's responsibility to protect its students from injury.  I can find very little about the law in the case of a visiting adult non-student.

If the school IS liable, how do I go about collecting?  I've already asked the school, and they basically said "no, thank you".

Not sure if it matters, but this particular case is in north-east Ohio.


texts: Where is the UK Coronavirus legislation limiting movement?

texts: The government has issued guidelines saying that we must stay inside.  I understand this has now passed into law.  Can anyone please point me to a copy of the legislation, and point out which sections are the relevant ones?


texts:
The Constitution requires the President https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_the_Union to report to Congress on the "State of the Union".  The Constitution is vague on the manner of reporting and the frequency:

  He shall from time to time give to Congress information of the State
  of the Union and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he
  shall judge necessary and expedient.

  — Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution

In recent times the reporting has been by a speech to the combined House and Senate, with widespread media coverage.

In making this Constitutionally mandated report to Congress, is the President subject to perjury charges if he should lie to Congress?


texts: What does the abbreviation "Hal. pl. cr." in legal reporting refer to?


texts: My friend got stabbed by her brother and can't return home

texts:
This might sound insane, because it is. My 16 year old friend living in Chicago, IL got stabbed by her drug-using brother, and her mother doesn't seem to care. She just woke up in the hospital. She's in a difficult social situation and I was the first person she texted. I can't help anyhow, since I'm a Slovak, 7500km away, and not even an adult. She obviously can't return home to her insane family. She has been on the verge of suicide. I'm trying to help anyhow I can - to prevent her from doing something everyone would regret.

I got a number for a child abuse centre in Illinois (1-800-252-2873), only to get a response, "we can't help you at the moment, we'll get back to you in 2-3 weeks". I feel like suing the US government right now, as a EU citizen.

Anyways, I don't know US law but if there's anyone who does, please help us. What can we do? She will be let out of the hospital in a couple of hours and if we don't figure something out, she'll have to go homeless. Where can I send her? I suppose she'll have to go to court eventually, but meanwhile, is there any shelter for people in her situation where I won't get a response telling me to wait three weeks?

Thank you so much. She is a beautiful person whom I care about and I am, we are, in desperate need of help.


texts: I want charges dropped against my spouse who was arrested for domestic assault against me. I called the prosecutor to ask him to drop the charges against my spouse. He said he would call me back with a decision. He did not. So, 4 days later, I called again to ask him. Instead, one of his assistants told me that I should not have contacted him, because that "could make him a witness himself," whatever that means. His assistant told me that when the prosecutor has a chance to read the case, his office will contact me, and that I could come in, and with a third party present, talk to the prosecutor. I would rather just email the prosecutor than come in to talk to him. If I email him, listing the reasons that I want him to drop the case against my spouse, is that legal?


texts: What if my employer is sued for copyright infringement?

texts:
I have a part-time job at a small publishing company located in the United States (California) where I basically upload articles that they have written onto some of their paid subscription websites (user pays for a subscription to read the articles). Recently they have been asking me to copy and paste articles from popular news sites and upload them onto their paid subscription websites without even acknowledging the original site or writer.

The other day I saw an email on the business owner's computer, regarding legal advice for a copyright infringement case involving the business.

So now I'm worried that they are getting sued and, since I'm the one who has actually been uploading these articles, that I might get into some serious legal trouble. For someone in college the last thing I want to be involved in is a lengthy legal case.

What could be the legal implications for myself? Should I just leave the job, or would that make the problem worse?


texts: Does an executor who is a child of the deceased have a legal right to begin processing of a property before the will is probated?

texts:
My understanding from a brief exploration of the question on the web is that the named executor of a will can't start processing the property until the will is in probate.

To fill out the petition for probate, you may have to do some basic analysis to determine what’s in the estate. But taking action beyond that — selling assets or making payments — is not allowed until the court has approved your petition and appointed you as the executor.

In the case I'm tangentially involved in (being friends with the people involved), the deceased has two children, the elder female and the younger male. The younger male is stated as the executor in the will, but the will is not yet in probate due to a lost document involved in the witnessing of the will. The older female has been living in the house, and was tending to her mother at the time of her death. The younger male and his wife have started coming in to throw out what they consider to be of little worth to the protestation of his sister still living there, with him claiming that this is his job as the executor (despite the will not being in probate).
I've advised her to consult with a lawyer, because this seems very shady, but I'm hoping to find a bit more evidence to get her to move forward on it because she's reluctant to "start a fight" with her brother (despite he and his wife having already hired their own lawyer).


texts: How can Heroes of Might and Magic 3 feature Beholders when the same thing was banned from Tibia by Wizards of the Coast?

texts:
Facts that I managed to find:

Heroes of Might and Magic 3 features beholders (a monster in the Dungeon town), a flying brain-like blob with multiple eyestalks and one large center eye that shoots destructive beams.
Tibia used to feature beholders, a flying brain-like blob with multiple eyestalks and one large center eye that shoots destructive beams.
Changed to bonelord after a copyright claim by Wizards of the Coast.
D&D universe features beholders - a flying brain like blob with multiple eyestalks and one large center eye that shoots destructive beams.

I did not find any reference to D&D, Wizards of the Coast or anything related in the credits and other resources for HOMM3.
How can 3DO use beholders while Cipsoft (Tibia creator) cannot, and isn't the fact that WOTC didn't pursue the same with 3DO (afaik) grounds for the copyright being unenforceable?


texts: Is it legal to file a formal sexual assault complaint anonymously?

texts:
Recently, I was told that I cannot file a sexual assault complaint anonymously. I explained that I have evidence of a particular employee talking/writing about other female employees, saying he wants to r*** them, etc.

I would just like to inform HR at this company however I am being told that I would have to come forward and state who I am because it would not be a formal HR complaint if I wasn't anonymous.

Is it legal to file a formal sexual assault complaint anonymously, and if not what is a way to report sexual assault anonymously?


texts: Is it reasonable to ask me to change my email address after it was leaked?

texts:
My child's school recently sent an email with many parents Cc'd instead of Bcc'd. There was nothing sensitive about the email - it just leaked the email addresses of the other parents. They later acknowledged that this was a data protection breach, and sent an apology.

Along with the apology was some advice from their Data Protection Officer (DPO) to "consider changing your email address".

This feels like an absurd response. If they had leaked my name, should I consider changing my name?

So my question is: is this advice mandated or recommended by any UK or EU law, or the Information Commissioner's Office? Is this considered an appropriate remedy for victims of data breaches?

For the record, I don't feel particularly victmised here. This was an extremely minor breach. I would have preferred just to have an apology and let it be. It's just the absurdity of the response that has made me wonder whether it is the legislation that is the origin of the absurdity.


texts:
Any business lawyer?  Please answer my question.
My house has been used by a previous tenant to obtain a site license from the California Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), to run a substance abuse treatment center.  She gave me a 30-day notice to vacate in February this year, had a DHHS person visit my home in April and she was able to renew her license till 2020.  She left my home soon after the visit from DHHS and is conducting business elsewhere with the site license obtained on my home.  DHHS web site and several other advertisements on-line list my home address as her business site (substace abuse treatment center).  Please let me know what are the legal implications of this?  Can this person legally allowed to do this?
Thank you very much.  What are my options as a landlord?


texts:
Can a law protect itself? For example, could it be written in to a law that, under no circumstances, it should be amended or abolished (a) for a fixed duration or (b) indefinitely?

I am most interested in the United Kingdom but would also be interested to know what the general answer is, if there is one.


texts:
R (Robert) Kelly has recently been charged, in Chicago, with having sexually abused four females from 1998 to 2010. Three of the women were underage at the time this abuse is alleged to have occurred.

In the Law and Order episode "Nocturne", it is mentioned "Child abuse can be prosecuted up to five years after the child's 18th birthday."

Of course, that only applied to NYC. But in the state where these children claimed they were abused (Illinois) - which is back in 1998, TWENTY-ONE YEARS ago, is the claim even holdable in court?

Note that in the episode they couldn't prosecute the molester on 151 counts (the amount of videos they found was 151), only two because two videos were the most recent.

Why are these charges being brought? Aren't they barred by the statute of limitations?


texts: Is a contract valid if it's in a language only the signatories speak?

texts:
So, if it's either such an esoteric language that only the signatories speak it (say, a new variant of Esperanto, or an idioticon between twins)? Or if it were an archaic language- say, the two foremost professors of classical language in the world sign a contract written in a language which people technically know about, and can become experts in, but which essentially no one else has devoted the time and energy necessary to become  expert in?

(I ask because it is Friday in Iceland.)


texts: Company wants to hold funds for customers

texts:
Are there any licensing or special bank account requirements for our company to hold funds for a customer and later deliver those funds back to the same customer? Similar to a savings account but for a consumer customer. Is this highly regulated in the U.S and if so what is necessary to accomplish this?

Also, I am thinking that an escrow type of account might handle this. Can we borrow against that escrow account or pledge it as collateral?


texts:
According to Obamacare non residents are exempt from mandatory health coverage.

Based on the Marketplace regulation:

  Applicants for asylum are eligible for Marketplace coverage only if they’ve been granted employment authorization or are under the age of 14 and have had an application pending for at least 180 days.

So an asylum applicant with a work authorization is eligible to get a Marketplace coverage. That's pretty clear. But is that mandatory? Being eligible doesn't make it mandatory, does it?

Is an asylee applicant exempt from buying a health coverage?

VERY IMPORTANT: I'm asking about an asylum applicant with a pending case (not an approved asylee). So, if a person applied for asylum two years ago, and her case is still pending, then is she still exempt from the mandatory health care coverage pursuant to obama care act?


texts: posted an edited copyrighted document for internal use at a small hospital

texts:
I work at a rural hospital in the US that is currently dealing with the Coronavirus pandemic. I work in IT, and am keeping up the intranet for internal staff. For reference, I have been asked to post a document that came from an outside source. Management has altered this document, and it is copyrighted from the original source. It looks like parts were removed, and a header was added, and I am not sure what else has been changed. I have been given the email that states (from email) "Please feel to share with hospitals." This document is a guide to deal with COVID-19.
I believe I will be on the hook if it gets found out that we 1) edited said document and 2) are using said document that has been altered.I believe this because I am the one posting it, even if I keep this email stating someone else altered the document, and I was told to do so.
Am I correct in thinking this?

**Edit ** the document was altered by our administration to fit our hospital


texts: Is it legal for me to buy a book and resell bits and pieces of it (artwork or poems for example)?

texts:
For example, I take a poetry book and cut out the poems, frame them, and sell them individually.

Or I take a book with Star Wars™ art and cut out the pictures and decoupage a dresser and offer it for sale.

What intellectual property principles are implicated?


texts:
I have a guitar that I let my friend Joe borrow on the consensus that he would return it in a couple of days. Joe is a mutual friend of my ex Bob.

Bob stole the guitar from Joe once he found out it was mine, and is now not allowing either me or Joe to get it back.

Since I know Bob's family, they would gladly allow me inside their house. If I were to go to Bob's house while he was at work (for my own safety as Bob is aggressive,) knock on their door and ask his family if they would allow me to retrieve my guitar.

Would there be anything illegal about that situation?

I wouldn't be breaking and entering, and from what I have read there are no laws against taking your own property back as long as you do not commit another crime such as trespassing/breaking and entering while doing so.


texts:
I'm writing a report for some University coursework, in which I am supposed to analyse the security of an online bank.

I'm trying, with some difficulty, to find any laws/regulations/standards that apply to online banking in the UK that I could reference. Could someone point me towards any legislation or specific acts/standards that might apply to online banking? The report is mostly focused on the technical security aspects, but it would be nice to briefly mention some law or standard that covers online banking.

So far the only relevant materials I've found apply to the US (e.g. the Electronic Fund Transfer Act 1978), but I'm writing specifically about HSBC in the UK.


texts: Right to be forgotten in US legal system. Practical approach for erasure?

texts:
As it commonly known, the right to be forgotten is a fundamental right in the modern informational society. It is the right of an individual to obtain erasure of his personal data from the online and offline directories immediately upon request without undue delay.
The perfect example of implementation of this fundamental rule is European GDPR rules which clearly state principles and obligations in Article 17 and recitals 65 and 66. Everybody working in EU and EEA areas is obliged to abide this law and individuals have tools and mechanism to prosecute legal entities that break these regulations.
What about US? Is there any similar law within US legal system which I can use effectively to push for observance of my right to forget? I.e. to push websites, web-services and other online/offline entities to delete my personal data.
Is there any way to punish them by law if they deny to do that?


texts: Why case law quoted in support of X often rules against X?

texts:
It appears quite common that when trying to find support for decision X, cases which in actuality finally rule against X are quoted, and very few cases which actually grant X can be found.

Why does this happen?  Does it at all affect the outcome of existing cases, when someone quotes an older case trying to prove a point to obtain a decision X, where in actuality the final decision of such old cases were to finally rule against X?


texts: If my spouse gets arrested for domestic violence but I do not press charges, will that still be on his record?

texts: First time I've ever called the authorities on my husband for Domestic Violence. He was arrested, however, I didn't press any charges, will it still be on his record?


texts: Can son/wife stop an addict from selling family property in India?

texts: If a person (not a senior citizen) is addicted and trying to sell off his farming land (which has been inherited from his grandfather and later through his father) without the consent his wife and children, is there anything that can be done to stop this transaction?


texts: "Guidelines" for juvenile felony in ohio

texts: After finding some things such as this that kind of shows a guideline for sentencing and fines for felonies I was wondering if there was some sort of guidelines that could apply for a minor to commit a felony?


texts: Cheated by business with fake positive reviews

texts:
I wanted to hire service of a hypnotherapist for a personal issue and looked up online in my area and found one based on the reviews on Google. The therapist recommended 10 weeks program and charged few grands for her service. After completion of the program, I felt there's not any bit of progress related to the problem. This made me suspicious, wondering how she got all 5 star reviews on google, I dug little bit on who were these persons that gave 5 star reviews. To my shock, I found that most of the reviews were from her family and friends. I collected sufficient evidence to prove that. In one case she got positive review from another hypnotherapist, and when I looked up this business, I noticed she paid back in return by providing positive feedback to them.

I paid total of $5K+ for her services and spent my energy and time for this without any result out of it. Now wondering what options I am left with. I realize I should have been much careful before signing up for this.
Could you advice me how should I proceed next? If it matters, this happened in Seattle, WA.

Looking for advice on how to recover my money in less expensive way. Not sure how much it's going to cost to hire an attorney to proceed legally. I'd like to avoid shelling out more money for this case. Should I first reach out to the business owner to refund money citing the fake reviews. Can that help?

Thanks for any help!


texts: Is my application commercial according to this definition?

texts:
I'm planing to use the Imgur API in my own application. According to their document(emphasis mine):

  Commercial Usage

  Your application is commercial if you're making any money with it
  (which includes in-app advertising), if you plan on making any money
  with it, or if it belongs to a commercial organization. To use
  Imgur's API commercially, ......

  Free Usage

  The Imgur API is free for non-commercial usage. Your application is
  probably free if you don't plan on making any money with it, or if
  it's open source.

The problem is that I do expect some money from it: there is a "donate" button on every page. However, I'm also willing to make my application open source.

So my question is: Should I pay for commercially using the Imgur API?


texts: Do American states have the power to close their borders from other states in a health emergency?

texts: Right now there are large American states which have 50 times more Coronavirus cases in ratio/proportion than others, with hundreds of cases close to a thousand, and there are even small states where cases are zero or near to zero. Do American states have the power to close their borders from other states in a health emergency, is there a workaround to apply this, or can even the federal government give this power temporarily to states or something?


texts: Are there guidelines for identifying people as public figures?

texts:
By "public figure," I mean people who can be legally photographed and written/talked about in the media (including self-published books).

All elected officials are considered public figures, and I believe the same applies to military personnel and even public school teachers.

But what about union officials, or shop stewards?

In fact, I was going to ask if shop stewards and higher ranking union officials are public figures, but I decided to first ask if there's some kind of guideline or manual that spells out which people are fair game for the press.


texts: Will I get salary from the University for the served notice period?

texts:
I work with an Indian University. The notice period for resignation is three months as mentioned in the faculty handbook. Their rule also mentions,
"Faculty wishing to be released earlier than the notice period, for extraneous circumstances will be required to pay equivalent of salary and benefits for the notice period not served."
I resigned on 31st March and mentioned the three month notice period clearly in my resignation email. The dean then made the last working day, 30th April, since teaching for the semester ended that day. I did not worked for the university in May and June. Also it seems they changed the notice period forcibly to one month. Can they do so?
So should I be paid for May and June too? Shouldn't labour laws and hence the notice period be the same for both the employee and the employer?


texts: Is the .exe file format copyrighted by Microsoft in a creative naming capacity?

texts:
I wanted to know if the name of the .exe file format used by Microsoft Operating Systems is copyrighted. As in, is it possible that I'm committing copyright infringement by adding that suffix (".exe") onto the end of the name of a creative work such as a song with intent to make it sound computer-related/technology-related and that I could technically be at legal risk from Microsoft?
For clarification, the file would still be an audio file, just with a file name such as "aaaaa.exe". Technically, it's possible that the full audio file would be "aaaaa.exe.wav".
If I am at risk, what would remedy this? Removing said content?
Thank you.


texts: Is encrypted health data still considered personal data and subject to GDPR Art. 9 (1)?

texts:
I need to exchange data from a patient providing its own health data to a healthcare provider over my server. The data is encrypted on the patient's device by the public key of the healthcare provider before it is sent to my server. It is then downloaded and decrypted by the healthcare provider.

During the whole process I don't know the identity of the patient nor am I able to decrypt the data.

Is the data being sent over my server still subject to Art. 9 (1) of the GDPR?

To my understanding the data does not reveal anything about who the patient is nor what the content is. But of course, I don't want to risk anything.


texts: What is the history of attorney licensing and regulation in the United States, Britain, and the colonies?

texts:
I'd like to know when law licensing first started, both as to "certification" and as to "licensing" if such a distinction applies in history.  I'd like to know when it began to take hold.  I'd like to get input as to the American Bar Association. And I'd like to know what the founders thought or would have thought about the subject.  And I'd like to know what the prevailing attitude toward lawyering was at the time of the founding.  And anything you could add as to Britain's colonial and precolonial treatment of the profession might be useful too.

All of those things would provide a complete enough answer to my question.  Any further elaboration would be great.

Perhaps this belongs in the history stack exchange.  I don't know.


texts: Are "conclusions of law" given pro forma denials in response filings?

texts:
I have been reading Responses to Motions in some court cases.  These contain a one-to-one response to each paragraph in the Motion to which they are responding, typically of the form:

Admitted; or
No response required; or
Admitted in part and denied in part; followed by elaboration.

But I just read one which contained a large number of responses saying:

  Denied.  The averment contained in Petitioner's paragraph xx
  constitutes a conclusion of law to which no response is required.  As
  such, it is denied.

This was the response even to paragraphs that merely quoted precedent.

Is a denial of this form significant, or is it just pro forma?  I.e., is the Respondent making a substantive assertion by writing a denial of that form, and if so, what?  For example, does it mean:

The Respondent considers the paragraph in question to be improper for inclusion in the motion?  (Are "conclusions of law" improper to support a motion?)
The Respondent contests, or intends to contest, the contents of the paragraph?
The Respondent considers the conclusion of the paragraph to be logically faulty?  Irrelevant?  Or something else?
Or is it just that the paragraph does not support the Respondent's position, but they can't rebut it because it is a statement of law?


texts: What is a "generic" deed form (for transferring house)

texts:
I called my town's county clerk office (in Florida, USA) to inquire about how to transfer the deed of my parent's house to being solely in my mom's name following my dad's passing (she is disabled and unable to carry out these things herself.)

The person I spoke to told me to download a "generic deed form" off the internet, fill it out, and send $10 for the first page of the document plus $8.50 for each additional page, plus $10 for the death certificate as well as the death certificate itself.

I am unable to find such a generic document. Did I misunderstand? This whole thing seems pretty fishy! Is it even necessary?


texts:
I have sent a DMCA notice against a party which is infringing on some material of mine. They have now sent a DMCA counter-notice, and the site replied with the following

  We will replace the removed material or cease disabling access to it
  within ten (10) business days provided we do not receive notice from
  you that an action has been filed seeking a court order to restrain
  this user from engaging in infringing activity relating to the
  material

How do I proceed? Can I take the matter to a court especially that neither me or the infringer is US-based? Can I take the matter to court without going through an attorney/lawyer?


texts: Is it illegal in any western jurisdiction to hold a fraudulently obtained but legitimately issued passport of another country?

texts:
Are there any jurisdictions in western society where it's illegal to hold the passport of another country which was obtained fraudulently (either through lying or other means)?
To be clear, the passport itself was officially issued by the issuing country, so the passport is legitimate, but the details used to apply for the passport were wilfully incorrect i.e. a genuine passport was obtained fraudulently. Would holding this passport be illegal in any western country?
I'm not asking about using this passport to gain entry to another country, as that would be illegal under several circumstances.
This question arises from a situation described in a Travel SE question, where the original poster in one western country used the real-but-fraudulent passport of a second country to apply for a visa to a third country, and was refused.


texts: What would happen to a member of the Austrian air force, if he flew over refugees with an airplane?

texts:
I'm writing a story about a pilot in the Austrian air force, who uses his Eurofighter jet to prevent illegal immigrants from going over the border by flying over them at a low altitude. As far as I know this creates noise and could scare the people off (prevent them from illegally entering Austria). Most of the time, the effects of this are non-lethal. There are controversial views on whether or not such maneuvers cause permanent damage to the ears.

What legal consequences would this pilot face, if he

used a military aircraft (without weapons) in the way discussed above
without asking permission of his superiors

Let's assume he didn't fly over the border, so there is no international conflict and there are no casualties among the people he flew over. After the act he returns to his airport and the aircraft is not damaged.

Would such person get imprisoned? If yes, what can he be charged with?


texts: what happens if a brand or company's name is a common everyday word?

texts:
What happens if a company name is an already existing commonly used word, i.e. Always?
Could for example, a movie studio decide to make a movie and call it "Always", even though there is a feminine care company brand with the same name?
Can common words such as "always" be trademarked by one specific company, or are they too much of a general word for such a claim?


texts: Is it illegal to have two over-the-counter pills in the same jar?

texts:
Is it illegal to have two over-the-counter (Tylenol and Ibuprofen) pills in the same jar?

A cop at the Washington County Sheriff's Office in Bartlesville Oklahoma USA one time took a jar from me with everything there was in it because "it's illegal to have pills in anything other than their original container."

Was the cop right? If so, did he really have to take everything else I had in the jar with the pills?


texts: Can PHP code be used without permission?

texts:
I am using PHP code to make a website.

Can anybody can use my PHP code without my permission because of open source?