texts: Landlord asking for income verification after lease is signed?

texts:
My landlord is asking for me to give additional income verification of proof but we have already signed a lease and already payed the third month of rent. Especially considering the landlord is silent and refused me asking for a repair to the house because it's "AS-IS" - I asked 3 times with declined due to AS-IS, but now they want income verification.
It actually perturbs me that we have a signed lease, I did not agree to additional income verification but I did say that I had additional income (which I do), but they want a more specific income verification than the email my boss sent me agreeing to the terms.
Especially because they refused me basic things for the house, and ignored me on multiple requests about the house for months, including the inspection and which utilities to set up, and how the fireplace works (is it working? propane? natural gas?) - they just ignored all of my communications.
Yet now they insist on MORE income proofs for the last 10% of my income, and I don't want to give it out of principle because for one they refused to make any concessions for me yet demand something for them, and two we already have a signed lease and I am paying rent and taking care of the house well. I can verify it but I don't like getting pushed around when they won't do anything for me when I want it. Why should I do something extra for them when they want it?
Can they demand this since we already have a signed lease?


texts: Did lawyer breach LSO Rules of Professional Conduct, by falsely accusing me of attempt to evade her obligation to exhaust her administrative remedies?

texts:
I am self-representing in Ontario Small Claims Court. Defendant is car dealership. Defendant's lawyer wrote this in Defence.

CLAIMANT FAILED TO EXHAUST ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES

The Claimant  commenced this action in the wrong venue in an attempt to evade her obligation to exhaust her administrative remedies through the Ontario Motor Vehicle Industry Council ("OMVIC"). This evasion is procedurally improper and an abuse of this Honourable Court's process. [My embolding.]

The Defendant requests that this action be dismissed as against it, because this action is an abuse of this Honourable Court's process.

In the alternative, the Defendant requests that this action be stayed while all administrative remedies and/or appeals are pursued and/or exhausted with OMVIC.

Law Society of Ontario ("LSO")'s Complete Rules of Professional Conduct

[5.1-1 Commentary] [6] When opposing interests are not represented, for example, in without notice or uncontested matters or in other situations in which the full proof and argument inherent in the adversarial system cannot be achieved, the lawyer must take particular care to be accurate, candid and comprehensive in presenting the client's case so as to ensure that the tribunal is not misled.

5.1-2 When acting as an advocate, a lawyer shall not

[I skip a to e. Irrelevant]

(f) knowingly misstate the contents of a document, the testimony of a witness, the substance of an argument, or the provisions of a statute or like authority,

(g) knowingly assert as true a fact when its truth cannot reasonably be supported by the evidence or as a matter of which notice may be taken by the tribunal,

7.2-1 A lawyer shall be courteous, civil, and act in good faith with all persons with whom the lawyer has dealings in the course of their practice.

My questions
Defendant's lawyer is wrong. Before I commenced lawsuit, I wrote letter to Defendant. Then I complained to OMVIC. OMVIC finally replied that they're closing my complaint, because they can't award  damages and they think Defendant will put up a fight. OMVIC recommended me to lawsuit in Ontario Small Claims Court.

OMVIC complaint handlers will try to find acceptable solutions to complaints however they do not have the authority to compel or order a dealer to cancel a contract, return money or carry out repairs; only the courts have such authority. In the rare instance that the Complaints and Inquiries Team is unable to find a suitable solution, consumers may need to consider taking civil action.

I didn't mention OMVIC in my Plaintiff's Claim, because Defendant and their litigator must know, or can find out, OMVIC can't compensate.

Why didn't Defendant's lawyer even try ask me if I complained to OMVIC? Why just jump to false accusation?

Did Defendant's lawyer violate  LSO's Rules of Professional Conduct?  Defendant's lawyer has no basis to accuse me of "attempt to evade her obligation to exhaust her administrative remedies" and "an abuse of this Honourable Court's process". These false accusations upset me! They make me look so bad!


texts: UK: Legality of horse racing on the highway

texts:
Is there a specific law against the racing of horses on public highways?

The route of the A1304 from Newmarket to Six Mile Bottom has a long history of horse racing going back to its probable inclusion in the Long Course, at least as far back as the seventeenth century.

These days, of course, horse racing is more often carried out at dedicated race courses, usually on private land. However, the same route is now part of a regular cycle race.

I know that racing in a car is an explicit offence in UK law (at least I think I know that), but presumably this is only scoped to motor vehicles. A great number of cycle races take place on public roads throughout the country and this is presumably legal, maybe following various licences being granted.

If someone were to race horses along the A1304 from Newmarket to Six Mile Bottom, maybe as a reconstruction of the old Long Course race, would there be any specific law against them doing so?


texts:
I recently discovered the existence of Local Law No. 3 (2002); N.Y.C. Admin. Code § 8-102(23) - which allows for people to be fined up to $250k for using the wrong gender pronouns.

Even after cutting through much hype about this law, and taking into account the legal guidance, I'm surprised that this kind of law exists in the USA, and - as a total foreigner - would have thought it unconstitutional (as an abrogation of the right to free speech).

As this law is well over a year old, has there been any case law which chimes in on the enforceability and legality of this law ?

Edit: Link to section of law allowing for these fines is here.


texts: May I legally work in a restaurant with typhoid if the employer knows?

texts:
I contracted Typhoid while visiting family in Central America for a funeral.  I work minimal wage at a restaurant/arcade preparing food, and cannot afford to miss work.  My boss will not allow me paid sick leave, so I have no choice but to show.  My symptoms have mellowed enough that I can work without jeopardizing my own health, but I imagine I remain highly contagious.

Will I be legally liable if a child becomes infected and dies, or will that fall to the proprietor who knew?  Missing pay is not an option I can afford unfortunately; the moral implication of my working is out of my control.


texts: Should I register a copyright for my android app?

texts:
I am about to release an app to the store and I have a feeling that before I publish it I have to do some legal stuff.

For the lack of my knowledge in this field, I want to ask you:

1) Should I register a copyright of my app?

2) Does registering a copyright of my app means (the source code)?

3) What if I didn't register my code before publishing (what the worst that could happen)?

4) Isn't the act of putting the app on the store considered a timestamp of the first author?

5) some people suggested putting my code on private github repo (I don't know if this is safe)?

I don't see people talking about this, they say the key is to push the product forward and don't worry about legal stuff, plus I don't really understand how I should register a copyright for every update and every new feature and every fixed bug on and on and on.

I am from Lebanon.


texts: Major difference between criminal and civil law being that there has to be no specific victim in former?

texts:
Is it true that while for prosecution according to civil (private) law there has to be a party that has been wronged (I'm going to refer to as "victim" from now on) while for criminal law that does not have to be the case?

More specifically that in criminal law …:

Something might be a victimless crime or a crime where the victim isn't clearly defined (can't be pin-pointed to, e.g.: the "public", the "future").
Something might involve a victim who does not consider him or herself one (while being of sound mind, having legal capacity, etc.)


texts: Package recieved after full refund, illegal to keep it?

texts:
So I ordered a package with a company (chinees company), after it not arriving and reaching the deadline I got a full refund (490 USD). The day after I received the money, I bought the same product locally for more money.

2 weeks after the refund I received the package that I got a refund for anyway.

I already contacted the company and we are currently figuring out what to do with the package. Either buying it with a discount or shipping it back.

But out of curiosity, If I decided to keep my mouth shut to the company and keep the package. Would that be Illegal? Would it be considered theft or fraud?

Thanks in advance,

Robbert

PS: I have no clue on what tags I should add to this, but seeing that I ordered the package online, I added the online tag.


texts: Use of the RECAP browser extension when accessing PACER

texts:
There are benefits to using the RECAP browser plugin when accessing information in PACER (Public Access to Court Electronic Records):

not paying to access PACER documents that have been cached by RECAP
you contribute to the Internet Archive in the process
it improves the quality of the filenames files are stored under

Are there downsides to the use of RECAP, and what are they and which audiences would be most impacted by them?


texts: Is it a HIPAA violation for a dentist office to print a patient's password on paperwork?

texts:
Dentist office just printed my password (to their portal) on their paperwork.

Surely this is a HIPAA violation (or against best practices, HIPAA or otherwise).

Can anyone confirm if so and point me to any resources?

I have looked independently but am unclear.


texts: Does the concept of presidential pardon have a justification in terms of separation between the executive and the judiciary? (France)

texts:
First of all, I have no experience in Law, I was just "philosophically" interested by a question related to it. I hope it is not off topic.

The French President François Hollande is considering granting apresidential pardon to some French woman. My question is the following: how does the concept of presidential pardon have a justification in terms of separation between the executive and the judiciary?

Why, philosophically, a president or any elected politician would have a right to directly influence justice decisions as in the case of presidential pardon? What is the idea behind that? I expect that the reason may vary depending on the country where it does exist.


texts: Do guitar tablature websites or websites that provide sheet music have to pay royalties to songs authors?

texts:
Do websites that provide guitar tablature or musical notes of popular songs have to pay royalties to song authors or record labels ?

I'm talking about websites like:

https://www.songsterr.com/
https://www.ultimate-guitar.com/
https://synthesiagame.com/

If one of these websites provides tablatures for my song, without my permission, can I sue them ?


texts: Transferring non-operational vehicle title to new owner in different state

texts:
I recently got married, and my new father in law gifted us a classic vehicle that needs a bit of repair to be operational. The vehicle is currently titled in California as a non-operational vehicle, but I live in Texas, specifically a county where registration depends on a safety and emissions check.  From what I can see a Texas title depends on the ability to register the vehicle, which cannot pass the county tests (due to non-operational status) to be registered.  I also cannot find where Texas may issue a similar non-operational title.  As a Texas resident, can I just simply transfer to a CA title with me as the owner, or must I title it in Texas if I intend to keep it here while repairing it? Is there a way to register and title in Texas without the car actually working?

Car is a 1967 Ford Bronco if that’s relevant.


texts: Can a contract be cancelled/rescinded after both parties have signed it but not in effect yet?

texts:
Is it possible to cancel/void/rescind a contract after both parties have signed it but the contract is not in-effect yet? Of course, the cancellation has been decided after mutual agreement.

For example, both the parties signed a contract today (22nd May, 2018) that will become effective on July 1st, 2018. Can either of the party cancel/void/rescind it before July 1st, 2018, provided it’s covered in a clause in the agreement. Also, considering the cooling period, if any.


texts: I was purchasing a product off a website and the product only had one in stock, but it turns out the product was already sold and the product had still been up for quite some time after the purchase, and after I tried to purchase it  the company told me it had already been sold. I had actually brought a similar product that was advertised as the product I wanted to purchase. So I was just wandering if this is considered illegal or if there is anything that can be done?


texts: What is the maximum length of a school bus and trailer combination in California?

texts:
I have a 40 ft school bus rv conversion and am wondering what kind of vehicle this is legally when it comes to towing. I found some good material saying semis and trailers can be at max 65' long (http://www.dot.ca.gov/trafficops/trucks/docs/ca-legal.pdf)

However, I'm not sure if a school bus is in this category or not. If not, what is the max vehicle+trailer length?

EDIT:

School buses do tow trailers...but usually not by school districts. My specific bus has a side exit and is a school bus conversion.

see here for an example of someone else who did this: https://www.pirate4x4.com/forum/tow-rigs-trailers/660797-sxors-blue-bird-bus-hauler.html


texts: How to patent a technology as public domain?

texts:
If an inventor comes up with a technology that could benefit humankind and instead of keeping it for themselves they decide they want to make it freely available to all, what would the legal process be for securing a patent for it that would make it public domain (like open source software, but for technologies that could be patented)?
And how can this be made to be honored internationally, so that no individual or company can claim ownership of it? That is to say, any individual or company can use it because nobody can own it.
Tesla is said to have "open sourced" some of its patents. But after taking A Closer Look at Tesla’s Open-Source Patent Pledge, it seems it is instead pledging not to bring lawsuits against companies that infringe on those patents. This is of course not quite the same thing as making the patents public domain.
So now I am wondering: Is there any way to legally declare a technology as belonging to everyone?
It occurred to me that maybe the Creative Commons licenses are flexible enough to be used for technologies as well, but I'm not certain. I've only seen those licenses used for creative works, and since no filing is required, the process seems a bit different than the patenting process for technologies.


texts: Does disordely conduct apply when on private property?

texts:
Bob is in his home watching TV when he hears a knock on the door. It is the Police and they would like to speak to Bob. They claim that Bob is suspected of a crime and would like him to open the door (They don't have a warrant, someone just thought it may have been Bob as they saw someone who looks like Bob. Bob has been home all night.) Bob refuses and tells them to get off his property. They refuse to leave. So Bob closes his window blinds, and goes back to watching TV. The Police continue to knock on the door loudly, yelling for Bob to open the door. This enrages Bob because his favorite TV show is on and they are disturbing him from watching it in peace. So Bob opens the window blinds, and starts yelling expletives at them, telling them several times to leave his property. Bob yells so loud that his neighbors come out to look at the commotion. Police inform Bob that he is being arrested for disorderly conduct (not the crime Police originally came to the house for).

Can Bob be charged with disorderly conduct in this situation?
Does disorderly conduct have any time, place or manner restrictions?
Does the 1st Amendment have a higher level of protection in one's home in regards to what is "orderly" conduct?
How likely is it that Bob will actually be prosecuted for this criminal charge?

I'm looking for an answer that will describe the qualification of having broken disorderly conduct laws inside of a person's own home. Since this might be state specific regarding the letter of the law. Choose which ever state you wish that has the strictest wording of the law.


texts: Limits on requests for production of documents under FRCP

texts:
The FRCP requires that parties make available documents to the party requesting same documents for inspecting and or copying.

But suppose the parties to a civil action are hundreds of miles apart?

As I understand it a request for production does not require the adversary to produce copies.  So how does one go about getting copies of documents?  Does the subpoenaed party have to travel to the requesting party's office to produce the requested documents for inspection and copying?


texts: Can one sell allowed product and "give" unallowed product for free?

texts:
According to this: A student was selling paninis to other students.  When campus police made him stop because it's against school rules to sell food outside of approved bake sales, he began selling paper towels for the same price and giving a free panini with each paper towel.

In general would one be allowed to give away a product for which one lacks a permit to sell, conditioned on people purchasing a product for which no permit is required?


texts: Does CAN-SPAM apply for emails sent on behalf of users?

texts: If there were a service/website that allowed a user to send invites to email addresses for the purpose of joining the user on the service/website, would that fall under the domain of the CAN-SPAM act?


texts: Can addressee of lost in post item break the privity of contract between sender and post?

texts:
Alice, living in country A, sold an item to Bob, living in country B. She sent the item using A Post, tracked but with no insurance (the sale contract obliged her to ship the item, not deliver).

The item arrived in B but got stuck/lost somewhere in B Post. Bob approached B Post but was told they have no idea where the item was and that the sender should file claim with A Post.

Could Bob somehow break the privity of contracts "A↔A Post" and "A Post↔B Post" so that he could sue B Post for losing the item? For example, could Bob claim being a party to collateral contract here?

If answer varies vastly by jurisdiction, let's assume A=China, B=New Zealand.


texts: How can I get my DNA tested without the results being kept by third-party?

texts:
Mainly I'm interested in getting to know my ancestry, but I don't mind doing a lot of research on my own to classify it if I get raw results.

The thing that I do not want is my DNA being stored somewhere, or something associated with my name in any way stored anywhere. Is there a way to avoid that and just get the only copy of the results while being sure that the DNA sample wasn't kept as well?

I'm in Europe if that matters, but I've read you can usually send in samples. I can't afford something very expensive, but I am able to pay something (obviously, otherwise I wouldn't be posting about it).


texts:
I am creating a project that I would like to open source and license under the GPL 3 License. The project will come with a bundled version of an open source component which is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license.

Can I bundle Apache 2.0 licensed components in a GPL 3 licensed project?

I would also be interested in an explanation on why the answer is yes or no.


texts: Is it illegal to yell "fire" in a crowded theatre?

texts:
I've yet to hear this cliché invoked where the person thinks it's legal, but I see no reason why it wouldn't be.

If you yell fire and cause something to happen that endangers people then wouldn't the endangerment be the crime?

Conversely, if you yell it and people do nothing then what might be the charge?

If these instances are correct then it would seem clear that Freedom of Speech is being honored as it's the result of speech, not the speech itself, that could be an offense.


texts:
Residential taxation means that you pay taxes based on where you live.
  Many countries use a version of the “183 days” principle. This means
  that if you spend at least half your time living in the country,
  you’re taxed on your worldwide income.

  Of course, it’s rarely that simple. The majority of countries have
  criteria you need to fulfill in order to prove you don’t have ties to
  that country. Different countries will have different rules on what
  “ties” you to them. Some of the common ties are: a Wife (or husband),
  kids, real estate that you own but don’t rent, a car that you own,
  bank accounts you’ve set up…the list goes on.

  Disqualifying yourself from residential taxation can be a bit complex,
  depending on the country. It’s not impossible, but it will take a
  thorough understanding of the residential tax laws (and some smart
  flag planting). The payoff is worth it. When you prove you don’t have
  ties to a country, you’re no longer deemed a resident. This means you
  no longer pay tax on your worldwide income.

http://nomadcapitalist.com/flag-theory/

Okay. So what about Indonesia. What would be required to be free from income tax in Indonesia. Would a person need to be outside 180 days in a year?


texts: Is it legal for a restaurant to not accept cash?

texts:
I recently went to Sweetgreen (a make your own salad place) for the first time. When I got to the end of the counter and was ready to pay, I tried to hand the cashier a $20, but he said "I'm sorry sir, we don't accept cash".

I was really taken aback and ended up having to pay with a card. After lunch, I did some research and found out that Sweetgreen as a chain is going fully cashless in 2017.

Is that legal? Can a restaurant just not accept cash?


texts: How is the "Allow States and Victims to Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act of 2017" constitutional?

texts:
H.R.1865, known as the "Allow States and Victims to Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act of 2017", recently passed both chambers of Congress and was signed into law by president trump. I'm not a lawyer, nor do I have much experience with the law, but the fact that this bill passed, almost unanimously, really concerns me. I want to clarify that I'm not advocating for prostitution or sex trafficking. I'm simply interested in the constitutional legality of the bill and the precedent that it sets.
A summary of the bill and its actual contents can be found on Congress.gov: H.R.1865 - Allow States and Victims to Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act of 2017.
I have several questions about the legality of this bill. After reading through it, it seems to violate the constitution in a couple ways:
Section 4, Subsection (b)

"Effective Date - The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act, and the amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply regardless of whether the conduct alleged occurred, or is alleged to have occurred, before, on, or after such date of enactment."

This seems like a violation of Clause 3 of Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution which clearly states that Congress shall not pass any Ex Post Facto law. Meaning, a law that can be applied retroactively. Am I missing something?
Section 2 and Section 3
The purpose of these sections, and the bill in general, is to add an exemption to section 230 of the "Communications Decency Act of 1996" for websites that promote or facilitate prostitution or sex trafficking. The purpose of section 230 was to limit liability for the owners of a website in regards to content generated by the website's users. This new law essentially strips away that limitation. So, states can now prosecute an individual who owns or operates a website for content produced by the users of the site, if those users advertise prostitution or sex trafficking.
This seems like a clear violation of the First Amendment of the Constitution. How can an individual be held legally liable for content, free speech, created by other individuals? Consider the amount of content produced, even within a short period of time, by websites such as Facebook, Reddit, Twitter, etc. How is it that they should be obligated to regulate the free speech of others?
What makes prostitution and sex trafficking the only crimes exempt? Essentially, why not make all crimes exempt? That one simply defies logic, in my opinion.
Other Concerns
Section 4, Subsection (a) states:

"Whoever, using a facility or means of interstate or foreign commerce or in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, owns, manages, or operates an interactive computer service (as such term is defined in defined in section 230(f) the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 230(f))), or conspires or attempts to do so, with the intent to promote or facilitate the prostitution of another person shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or both."

How is this a federal crime when the legality of prostitution is regulated by the states and is not among the enumerated powers of the federal government? I'm guessing that because it stipulates that it must be a "means of interstate or foreign commerce", that it falls within federal jurisdiction?
Lastly, if indeed this law is unconstitutional, how does the public go about challenging it's legality? Thanks.


texts: Who has right of way at an intersection with two stop signs across from each other?

texts:
The traffic on the main road (with no stop signs) of course has first right of way.  Suppose two cars are across from each other turning onto the main road.  One is turning right and one is turning left (to both ultimately go the same direction).  Who has right of way?

Is it the person turning right?
Is it the person who got to the stop sign first?

Does the answer change if there's a whole line of people turning right from one side and a whole line of people turning left from the other side?

I'm looking for the general rule in the United States.  If the state matters, I'm in Ohio.


texts: i signed a bond on 20 rs stamp before joining

texts:
I am selected in one of the software companies, when i reached there to collect my offer letter, they told me to sign a bond on stamp paper(20 Rs).

The bond conditions are:

I will join company after one month.
I have to serve my service to company for at least one year after joining company.
If i am not able to serve service for one year and leave company before that i have to pay 1 lakh rupees to company.
I have to submit post dated check on 1 lakh rupees to company when i will join the company.

But now i have selected in another company with good offer, so i not want to join this company, So i told HR, but they are saying that they had started my joining process has i informed very late and said you had signed bond with us of 1 year, so you have to join our company.

So my concern is what possible legal action they can take against me or they cannot take any legal action on it.


texts: Is it legal to damage a vehicle that drives through a crosswalk while you're in it?

texts:
If a vehicle travels through a crosswalk while a pedestrian is in the crosswalk (assuming the law in the applicable jurisdiction states that a vehicle must stop for pedestrians in the crosswalk), is it legal for the pedestrian to damage the vehicle, e.g. by hitting it with a part of his or her body or some other implement?

It seems to me there's a fine line distinguishing between a circumstance where the vehicle hits the person and one where the person hits the vehicle, and it would seem that the law would favor the pedestrian.


texts: How does a paid endorser avoid conflicts of interest?

texts:
Suppose you are a blogger and you write about the products and services of Company X. You are being paid by Company X to do this.

How do you avoid conflicts of interest in the process? I would imagine that the first step is to disclose the relationship so that people can judge the validity of your advice. Perhaps one might refrain from "advocacy," and just describe, rather than tout Company X's products? Or might one limit one's sales pitch to "sophisticated" buyers such as corporations, to avoid charges of misleading individual investors?

Which of these methods, or others, make things acceptable in a potential conflict of interest situation?


texts: Is the Church of Saint Anne in Jerusalem French territory?

texts:
According to news reports, there were altercations between French and Israeli security personnel when French president Macron visited the Church of Saint Anne in Jerusalem's Old City, with a BBC report claiming that the church is "considered French territory", due to it having been gifted from the Ottoman Empire to France in 1856.

Did the Ottoman Empire actually transfer sovereignty over the church to France, or did they simply grant ownership and/or other rights over the property to France?

If so, did such French rights survive 1) the breakup of the Ottoman Empire and the granting of the Mandate for Palestine to the UK, 2) after the end of the Mandate, the military occupations of Jerusalem's Old City first by Jordan and then by Israel, and 3) Israel's unilateral extension of its sovereignty to East Jerusalem, including the Old City?


texts: What am I liable for with a rental property?

texts: I have signed a contract with 5 of my friends at university for a 6 bed flat. I have decided to withdraw from the uni and therefor do not need the flat, if I just never turn up and never pay anything what am I liable for/what could they do. I have paid a £300 deposit.


texts:
Suppose I have debt – student loans or something.  So the bank and I have a contract that says I owe them $500.

From what I understand, the bank can sell the contracted debt to some other agency, and then assert that I owe that company the debt.

Can I as the debtor also sell (trade, or transfer) my debt to another person or agency? Is that legally viable?


texts: Greek Mythology symbols and their fair use

texts: I'm making a video game that I will sell on an online website. I want to implement some references to greek mythology like symbols. Am I allowed to implement them and sell my game?


texts: What effect does a project's software license have on its cultural works?

texts: 0BSD and ISC are software licenses. They grant permissions for software. I guess these granted permissions legally only apply to what fits the legal definition of software. What if a project combines software with non-software works? What effect does applying a software license to a project have on non-software works within that project? An example scenario is a website implementing 0BSD via top-level LICENSE.txt like in this template.


texts:
I am making a survey about beverage ingredients, and to give examples in the survey it'd be easy to use images from blog posts/websites or websites of companies that make these beverages. From this survey I won't make any money.

Note: Use of the images isn't explicitly OK'd

If I provide links to the images or the websites where I got them, in my survey, would that be infringing on copyrights, or be wrong in some way?

Thank you for any help.


texts: Is a collection of public domain pieces copyrighted?

texts:
Context: there is a collection of public domain work (example A: collection of poems; example B: collection of classical music), let's say "50 most ... X".

Any annotation, organisation, etc. (including arrangement, typography) is under copyright protection for this anthology, without question.

My question is: is the collection itself, i.e., which 50 pieces of something are together, copyrighted?

More concrete question: am I allowed to create a different publication, with different annotations, but with the same 50 pieces of something without infringing copyright?


texts: Why and when did some American appellate courts add an 's' to the word 'Appeal' in their title?

texts:
In England & Wales and most of the Commonwealth, the title of an appellate court is the Court of Appeal.  The word 'appeal' is singular because it describes the purpose of the court in contrast to the Court of Justice (i.e. justice has been done by the court below, and the action now is that of appeal, similarly to the nomenclature of a Court of Cassation, a Court for the Correction of Errors, etc).
In the United States, some states follow the 'traditional' nomenclature—eg, the largest, California, has a Court of Appeal.
However, the federal courts, and many states, instead add an additional 's' to the title of appellate courts.  Why is this, and where did it originate from?


texts: Compliance of .eu domain names post-Brexit

texts:
I am a sole-trader who operates purely in the UK, and I also have a corresponding (dormant) Limited company on 'Companies House'. I have both .com and .co.uk suffixes. I also have .eu suffix, and would like to continue to protect it post-Brexit, as I do not want others taking advantage of my lack of cross-border priveleges and 'piggyback' my business name (which is same as my domain prefix). Up to now I do not have any direct links to the EU27.
As things currently stand, the EU plan to uni-laterally revoke .eu domain suffixes from non-eligible people/organizations. One possible option to protect the domain would be to set up a (dormant) limited company in Estonia, Rep. Ireland or any other low-cost but reliable member state. What significant obligations would accompany this? Are there any other inexpensive ways to protect the .eu domain name?


texts: Is it illegal for a business to ask for proof that an animal is a service animal?

texts:
I work for a hotel in Tennessee. I know it's illegal to refuse service to a guest with a service animal, despite not being a pet-friendly hotel, but I've been told that it's illegal to even ask for proof that a guest's animal is a service animal.

Is there any truth to this?


texts: Is it standard to have "subsequent employment" clause when signing a NDA/IAA for a freelance project? And is it enforceable in New York?

texts:
I am considering doing a freelance project but the prospective client want me to sign a IAA which has a clause that reads:

"Subsequent Employment. In consideration of the Company's promises herein, for a period of one year following the termination of my engagement for any reason, I promise to disclose to the Company any employment obtained by me after the termination of my engagement with the Company. Such disclosure shall be made within two (2) weeks of my obtaining such employment. I expressly consent to and authorize the Company to disclose to any subsequent employer of mine both the existence and terms of this Agreement and to take any steps the Company deems necessary to enforce this Agreement. "

But I have never seen this before and would like to know if these terms could limit my employment opportunities should project not workout or if I depart on not the best of terms.


texts: What's the difference between a share and a stock?

texts:
In my company constitution I found the following:

  At any time, the directors may allot and issue unissued shares subject to clause 8, or grant options over
  unissued shares, on any condition and at any time they see fit, taking care to preserve any special rights
  conferred on existing shareholders. Consideration for such shares shall be as resolved by the directors.
  No director may issue bearer shares or stock. No director may convert shares to stock. Such share issues
  or allotments by the directors may be as fully or partly paid or as payment. The amount of calls or
  timing of calls to be paid may be differentiated as between individual shareholders. Conditions as to any
  special rights privileges, conditions, restrictions or limitations in regard to distributions, dividends,
  capital returns or voting, whether deferred, qualified, preferred, or guaranteed, may be imposed by the
  directors

What's the difference between a Share and a Stock in this context?

(I live in Australia if that matters)


texts: How can garnishment ignore tax writeoffs?

texts:
Say there is a person whose income is being garnished. They write off a significant proportion of that income a month as busines expenses leaving no taxable income.
Is all the income counted as gross income for garnishment?
If someone has a legitimate business can't you basically obliterate it by taking 25% of their revenue? Or can they structure to get around this?


texts: Does this situation qualify as "reasonable suspicion"?

texts:
A friend of mine described this situation to me recently:

  The scene is a hotel lobby in the middle of the night. Three people, two men and a woman, enter. The woman appears to be drunk and unconscious, and is being supported by one of the men. The other man smells of alcohol, but is otherwise sober. They try to get a room. The receptionist, aware that the hotel is situated in the vicinity of a red-light district, is suspicious and lies that there's no room available. The trio say okay, they'll try another hotel, and leave. The receptionist then calls the police.

Can the police act? On the one hand, the circumstances can be interpreted as a rape has happened or is about to happen, e.g. a date rape drug that knocks the woman out has been administered; on the other hand the receptionist can't be sure of that and the three could e.g. be blood relatives or even good Samaritans.

If this does meet the threshold for "reasonable suspicion", does it further meet the threshold for "probable cause"? If this does not meet the threshold for "reasonable suspicion", is it worth calling the police in this situation?

If it matters, the country is Singapore.


texts: My landlord decided that my rent is due earlier than we had agreed

texts:
I'm renting a room in a house in Minnesota, USA.  Upon telling my landlord that I was looking for a different place to rent because of her dogs constantly barking at me (and even biting me), she immediately stated that I need to provide 60 days notice and that my rent is now due on the 1st of the month, despite paying my rent on the 6th of the month for the 9 or so months that I have lived here.  From what I understand, Minnesota law states that 30 days notice is required when there is no statement in the lease agreement, and we didn't sign any lease agreement.  Everything was verbal.  I even asked them how much time they would like for a notice before I move out.  The other landlord (who had basically done everything as far as showing me the unit, telling me their price, etc) said that two weeks would be OK, but more time was preferred.

Is it legal for a landlord to say my rent is due 5 days earlier than we had verbally agreed?  Is it legal for a landlord to do this right after I tell them that I am planning on moving out?  I found somewhere that any action such as raising the rent within 90 days of a tenant action could be considered retaliatory in nature by law.


texts: Why do large companies make legal battles public?

texts:
It would seem big companies try to keep litigation private and confidential. I guess this is so they can save face and it would like bad for business regardless of the outcome of the court may be. Is my understanding correct?

On the other hand, on rare occasions you have companies that try to make law suits go very public. Why do they some times choose to get the medias attention for lawsuits?

Here are some examples I have in mind

This one
And this
And finally this

The spokes people for the company could have just said nothing.


texts: Is there any constitutional precedent or laws against bills of “anti"-attainder?

texts: In South Dakota an attorney for adults sexually abused as children by priests and nuns contended that the state legislature passed a statute of limitations (in approximately 2010) preventing lawsuits and/or prosecution for such crimes and thereby rescued the alleged perpetrators from accountability. That's what I have tentatively labelled a bill of “anti”-attainder. So, is this allowable generally, or do precedents or custom require extensions of statute of limitations to take effect much later, after any current victims are likely to be dead, as a guarantee to those victims of due process if they come forward? Because it seems to me the legislature could otherwise be bribed to protect perpetrators ex post facto.


texts:
If you were to be walking with your family down the street, and a kerfuffle with a stranger were to break out, risking the safety of yourself or your family, in both federal and state courts for just about any state in the Union a "self defense" defense would apply for any legal action resulting from the resulting mayhem, so long as a reasonable person could reasonably fear for your safety or that of your family as a result.
But what if the stranger threatened your dog? To be specific on jurisdiction, I'll mention the United States, as well as the states of New York and California. Let's assume this stranger very specifically did nothing to suggest physical harm to any humans present, but actively threatened harm to the fluffiest member of the family.
Does the "self defense" defense apply?


texts: Collision with rock under car: is driver at fault? Can insurance points be issued?

texts:
Suppose a car registered in North Carolina is parked for several hours in a marked, dirt parking space in a Tennessee park. During this time, the vehicle sinks into the soft dirt enough for the tip of a rock to hang the front bumper during reversing the vehicle and cause $75 damage.

The driver calls the insurance provider and the conversation results in an insurance representative recording the event. The company deems this an at-fault assessment since the driver "collided with a stationary object". This results in two additional insurance points, costing the driver $40/mo rate increase. The insurance provider does not pay out since the damage is well below deductible.

Some questions:

Was the driver at fault?
Regardless, can the insurance provider add points without payout?

References:
North Carolina Drivers Handbook states on page 29: "Insurance Points - Insurance companies use a different point system to determine insurance rates. If you have any questions concerning insurance points, contact your insurance agent."


texts: When do the police get involved and when do they have power to resolve a (non-violent) situation?

texts:
I had moved out of shared house with roommates and now live in another shared house with other roommates. Today a police officer came to the door asking to speak to me. The conversation started off strangely. At first he said it’s good I admitted who I was. Then he said “so what’s up” and when I didn’t reply he said “start speaking”. He then asked if I knew why he was there and I said “no clue” and he slowly inched into it. When I moved out of the old house I accidentally took a box that wasn’t mine. I guess they called the cops and told them I had stole it and wasn’t returning it.

My old landlord was a jerk and after I moved out he sent a whole bunch of nonsense text messages, for example getting mad at another person living in the house with me (there’s no element of truth to this). After a bit I ignored his text messages and one of them was “Did you take something from the attic that wasn’t yours?” to which I replied no. Other than this there was never any conversation. Recently, I did notice there was a box with my stuff that I didn’t recognize and the police officer said that fit the description of what was missing so I gave it to him. It was a rather uncomfortable situation as I explained it could have been my current roommate’s belongings and they weren’t home at the time. But the cop checked the box so I guess any mistake is on him.

My questions are

When do the police get involved?
must the police officer clearly state the reason he is here? For example it sure was strange having him come to the door, ask for me, and say “start talking”.
When do the police have the right to resolve/conclude an issue? For all I know my old landlord could have made up a random list of things missing and I happened to have them then the cop could take them? I know in this situation I gave the cop permission, but could I have denied it e.g. “I don’t care what my what my old landlord told you, you don't have my permission to take the box, please leave.”

I’m thinking of calling the police officer and mentioning I was uninformed that the issue existed before he came to the house. I would also like to ask if I’m in trouble. Any advice?


texts:
I've been trying to find concrete information about developer's copyright. If a developer has its own website (in terms of business [card]) and the projects that are part of the portfolio were projects created and sold by a company, does the developer have some sort of rights to the work? After all, even though the client payed, the designer designed it and sales brought the project to the company, the programmer made it «tangible».

What rights should and should not be attributed to the developer?

Is it okay to use this projects as part of the developer's portfolio?


texts: Can or will a notary public sign a contract as a witness?

texts:
I have a medical records request form and I need someone to sign as a witness. My first thought is that I should have a notary do this.

Is this legal?


texts: Legality of using pre made dictionaries in my online dictionary applet

texts:
I am currently creating an online dictionary. All of my information is coming from hard copy dictionaries that I have found online in PDF form and other PDFs which I am not sure where the information came from. One dictionary that I am positive has a hard copy (as I own it) is this: http://www.amazon.com/Comprehensive-Manchu-English-Dictionary-Harvard-Yenching-Institute/dp/0674072138

What do I need to do to use this on a website? Do I need permission? can I just put some type of works cited page?

any help would be great.

The dictionary is located here http://www.domdit.com/buleku


texts: Can you refuse to rent to students in Texas?

texts:
I was recently looking for a new place to rent in Richardson, TX when one of the places I had contacted took me by surprise by opening with “no students” amongst a few other requirements. Is this legal?

A little context might help: the property is a single family suburban home, with a normal income requirement of 3x yearly rent which is $85,000. So, if a student is earning that amount, wouldn’t this be illegal to refuse them, as it seems to be based on something like age discrimination (under the same rules that you can’t refuse ‘people who wear dresses’ under gender discrimination rules)?


texts: Does the UK have HOAs? (homeowner associations / Stratas /Syndic)

texts:
I'm looking to move to the UK in 6 months and purchase a flat, but I'm wondering if the UK has also HOAs like the USA?

In the USA they are pure hell and want to know if I'll have to deal with them there.

if YES, I would like to know the correct name for them, I plan to make some research and read some of the laws before I make a wrong purchase.


texts: If a person has invented something and wants to patent it internationally, should he file a patent in each country or to an international patent organization (if any)?


texts:
Given how advanced AI has become, I was wondering about the legalities of stuff that it is being used for.

I came across https://www.rosebud.ai/ a few days ago. To summarize, it is a service where they use deep learning to create artificial faces ("models") for their clients, who then use them for advertisements, et cetera.

My question is, what happens if one of the AI-generated faces looks like a real person? Can that person claim their... well, face? Can they sue the company/organization or demand compensation?

Further, the data that they use to train the deep learning model, i.e. the photographs they use to create a new face, ideally, do they need to take permission from those people in the photographs?


texts: What percentages of the dispute value are typical in deals?

texts:
Let's say A takes B to court claiming that B should pay x dollars to A.
Instead of going through long proceedings (with high attorney costs accumulating) with somewhat unpredictable result, the parties may - as far as I learn from US TV series - agree upon a deal, according to which B pays y dollars to A.
The proportion y/x can be expected to somewhat represent the confidence the parties have in their case: If y is a lot smaller than x (say, less than 10% of x), it seems that A sees not so big a chance to win in normal proceedings after all (or only with enormous efforts and costs); similarly, if y is almost as big as x (say, more than 90% of x), it seems that B's chances are (estimated to be) slim. If the outcome is totally unclear, the deal might be made at closer to 50% of x.

My question is: What percentages are common for such deals successfully made in practice (and where the dispute value x is not just petty cash to begin with)? Is there a statistic about this available?


texts: Is it illegal to pay someone to investigate another person if they're not a licensed detective?

texts:
Say Bob wants to know more about Jack, so he pays 'X' (service, company, or person) and they provide Bob will everything he asks for about the person, which could include private info (personal address(es), business address(es), etc.). Would Bob be in trouble with the law if caught doing this?

The exact action would be: paying an unlicensed person or service to investigate an individual, or otherwise provide information about them, such as home address, records, etc.

The person, company, or service is not a licensed investigative agency/law enforcement agency, but can otherwise find generally private info about people (like their home address(es), etc.), and Bob knowingly went to them since he had no valid reason to go to licensed detectives/police/etc.

Would this act alone be illegal for Bob if nothing further was commenced with such info in his trust?


texts: How do publicly issued documents differ in countries that signed the Apostille convention?

texts: As an example, Canada didn't sign the Apostille Convention while the United States did. Practically speaking, what is therefore the difference between the documents issued by these two states? Or in other words, why wouldn't other countries accept documents issued by Canada where they would accept documents issued in the US?


texts:
I'm developing an app that users can connect to their Instagram account. Users will have an option to import their posts from their profile feed.

With the user's permission, can I show posts from the user's Instagram profile to display in my app's user's profile?
Do I have to indicate that the post from imported from Instagram? This could be Instagram's logo in some corner.


texts: When a law specifies that documents should be available for examination at "convenient times", for which party should it be convenient?

texts:
Michigan Compiled Law, CONDOMINIUM ACT (EXCERPT) Act 59 of 1978

Section 559.157 covers books, records, contracts, and financial statements; examination; audit or review; opt-out of requirements of subsection. This law requires a condo without our income level to be audited by a third party, which our property manager has not done. Additionally, we have not voted to waive this requirement.

The law gives me the power to sue, but I would bear 1/7th the costs paid to me because of my portion of ownership. Additionally, I do not want to hurt my relationship with 6 neighbors (one of which is the property manager). Instead, I wish to use the right to inspect defined here:

  The books, records, contracts, and financial statements concerning the
  administration and operation of the condominium project shall be
  available for examination by any of the co-owners and their mortgagees
  at convenient times.

The property manager (who owns a unit) has a place of business where the records are held, and they are open Saturdays. However, I cannot determine if the word "convenience" means that I should be able to review documents on a Saturday or if the convenience is the property manager's own convenience. Could he say that I can only review on a Tuesday at 10:30 AM, for instance?

Overall, my question is about the legal intention of "convenience":

Whose convenience? Can I insist on Saturday so that I don't miss work?
Does this convenience require a written note with tracked signature or can I drop in during operating hours? Something in between?


texts: Do I need a license to play music on free internet radio?

texts: I want to make an internet radio station where I play music I like. If there are no adds and I don't make any money whatsoever, do I need to worry about copyright?


texts: Is using video games to train computer AI considered fair use?

texts:
Consider a scenario where I'm thinking of building an automated driving system for my own learning, I use driving simulation video games to aid a specific computer vision module as a test bench since I don't have the financials to actually hire a fleet of vehicles and land.

Is this considered fair use? If later on I'm successful in building the system and I want to commercialize it what legal issues can arise?

What if I decide later on to use portions of the software for another commercial product?


texts: Creating a relative of someone else's character?

texts:
I'd like to write a fiction series based on the son of a character from another novel. There were no children in the original story published in 1986, and it seems the author has retired from writing--to my great regret.
While the son is an entirely new character, this concept would necessary entail references to the original main character as well mention of some others in that story, and also use of some of the tools used in the original.


texts: Does an HOA have a legal duty to treat all members equally?

texts:
Suppose several members of a community put up landscaping lighting along their driveway.  Some time later a member files a request to place similar lighting along their own driveway, but is denied because of 'bad blood' in the neighborhood.
Does the HOA have a legal right to make biased decisions based on the personal feelings of the board, or do they have a legal duty to treat all members equally?  Could the denied member have a legal case against the HOA for discrimination (based on personal feelings, not protected status)?


texts:
Imagine a situation where Mr. A knows that Mr. Z did something bad. Let's say Mr. Z robbed a bank.

However, Mr. A is afraid to say anything, because he doesn't have proof that Mr. Z robbed a bank - even though Mr. A saw him do it.

Now suppose Mr. Z passes away. Is Mr. A now free to claim that Mr. Z was a bank robber, or could he still be sued for libel by relatives, friends or business associates?

Suppose Mr. A got carried away and began making up even more disturbing stories about Mr. Z. Could he be prosecuted for "trash talking" someone who's no longer living?

Let me merge those two questions into one:

Does the law limit what people can say about deceased people?

I'm asking about laws in the U.S.


texts: Can a self-made photo of a mass product (not containing any logos) be claimed as entirely own work?

texts:
I made a photo of my keyboard. Actually, not the whole keyboard, but just small section of it. The photo neither contains any logos, nor seems to allow to determination producer/model (the photoed section looks quite typical). The purpose of photo is to illustrate location of some characters in typical keyboard layout.

Can I claim this photo as being entirely my work?

When I try to upload this file into Wikipedia, it tries to ensure the material is free. It proposes to choose one of variants: entirely my work, third-party work under free license, non-free work for fair use. Can I mark it as entirely my work, or should I fall back to declaring it as fair use?

P.S.: I'm mostly interested about U.S., E.U. and Ukrainian laws on this case — i.e. if general answer can't be given (it differs greatly from country to country), then it should be related to at least one of these three regions.


texts: What do I need to do to sell my late father's firearms in Arizona?

texts:
My father passed away in April of this year, and despite insisting he had a will, he apparently never got around to actually making one. Luckily, all of his assets were jointly owned by him and his wife, so we were able to avoid probate for the big stuff.
Unfortunately for us, though, he left behind a large number of firearms and ammunition that we don't really plan on keeping. As we intend to sell the majority of them, what steps do I need to take for us to do so?
Can I contact a few dealers to see if we can sell them, or do we need to go through a lawyer to do so? Do we need to file an AZ Small Estate Affidavit (personal assets under $75k) before we can do anything with these? If so, how do we go about valuing them? Due the the number of firearms, my step mother is understandably worried about transporting them around town.
I've tried looking around online, but searching for "guns" and "laws" on the internet turns up a lot of less-than-credible sources.


texts: In Canada, what is the term of copyright on works owned by a corporation?

texts: As far as I can tell, the Copyright Act only provides for human authors. If an employee or several employees create a work in the course of their employment, do they own the copyright, so that it enters the public domain 50 years after the death of the last author? Or does their employer own it, in which case some other law applies?


texts: Naive approach to aggregating all US Federal Laws?

texts:
I'm a software developer and I've recently found myself curious about the US Federal Laws. There's a seemingly unsolved question of "How Many Federal Laws Are There?" (https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2013/03/frequent-reference-question-how-many-federal-laws-are-there/)

After reading some related articles, delving into the Statutes at Large and United States Code, and finding a question in a similar vein (How many lines of text in all currently active federal laws of US?), I'm starting to see the monstrous size of the problem.

Assuming you don't care about time, effort, etc., what would be the simplest, most naive approach to compiling all of US law into a single body of work? Is it even theoretically possible?

My initial thought was to find all of the relevant information (all the many volumes and documents), but even this seems difficult. How does anyone (citizens, lawyers, judges, other government officials, etc.) even verify that the actions they've taken are legal when the potential applicable laws are so vastly separated from each other being in entirely different series of documents written in format of chronological amendments?


texts: Is the acquisition price of a company public information?

texts: When a company is acquird by another is it possible to hide or not disclose the acquisition price? If it can be hidden, is the company permitted to omit such information on any public financial documents thereafter?


texts: Who owns wrecked airplanes in international waters and in terra nullis?

texts:
This question has been suggested to be transferred from Aviation site. However I have expanded my question also applicable to terra nullis (like Bir Tawil)

So, assuming we have a wrecked airplane located in international waters or in terra nullis (is any of both terms making a difference?):

Who can own the remains of the ship and cargo? Can anybody claim them if found?
Is there any difference between floating debris (for international waters) and sunk debris?

In my original question it has been answered that ICAO Annex 13 covers the case of civil airplanes, countries belonging to ICAO and accident investigation (so not fully covered). My understanding is that the "State of Registry" or the "State of the Operator" will make the decision of who owns the remainings afterwards.


texts: What are my options after a road rage incident?

texts:
I was in an incident today where a driver cut me off and slammed on his brakes to attempt to make me rear end him. After this he got out of his car, yelled at me, told me to come out of mine and fight. I remained in my car and then started calling 911 when it was clear he wasn’t leaving. He saw me on the phone so he started to leave but threw a rock which hit my window first before leaving. Unfortunately I have no video evidence. I did get a picture of the license plate and the man’s back.
I filed a police report and they called me and told me they made contact with the driver and he admitted to everything except throwing the rock.
What are my options?
If I press the charges what could he be charged with, since he didn’t admit to the rock throwing and it’s my word against his? If I’m willing to pay the legal fees, would he have to pay them back if I won the case? Will he know my personal information such as name and address if I press charges? And finally, I don’t want to waste the police’s time, but I do think this menace should face consequences. Is it typical to press charges in a case like this or would the police view it as wasting their time?


texts: Do Any Countries Have A Retribution Defense For Crime Victims?

texts: Are there any jurisdictions where there is a defense to criminal charges of murder or rape or assault, when carried out by the victim of a serious crime by the crime victim as retribution, in circumstances where the murder or rape or assault committed by the crime victim does not constitute self-defense or a defense of others?


texts: Do I need to register in order to get a commission on a grant or purchase order?

texts: I make be bringing in some money to a startup (up to tens of millions in the form of government grants and/or contracts) and ideally would like a simple contract that says I get X% of what I bring in. But when I mentioned that to the client I was told "We need to figure something out, since you’re not a registered broker". Apparently I need to register something to have a contract like that. Is that true and if so what do I need to "register" as in order to have such a contract?


texts: What contract options do I have for investing in a friend?

texts:
My friend is a bitcoin trader and makes a living doing it. I've seen his setup and trust him and I want to ensure if anything goes wrong that he'll make efforts to pay me back.

I know this is an investment of some kind. I own an LLC and want to invest some of the company money in his trading and let him keep a % of the profit too.

What legally binding contract options am I looking for exactly?


texts:
Me and my friend were discussing privacy concerns regarding the use of a activity tracking application - Rescuetime.

It's privacy policy says,

  We will never sell, rent, or otherwise share your personal
  information, with or without personally identifying information.
  Furthermore, we will never share anonymized selections of your
  individual data.

My friend told me that,

"This does not mention anything about data derived from your personal information. That's the problem with legalese — unless explicitly ruling out stuff, it's fair game."

So I was wondering if that was true, can rescuetime legally sell statistics, interpretations, aggregates, derived data etc? Does their policy only claim to never sell the data stored in whole or any subsets of it?

Also this policy states,

  We may share information about user behavior in the aggregate only.
  For example, we could share information like, "which day of the week
  do people spend the most time in front of their computer?" This type
  of analysis is used to enrich the product, and to represent our domain
  expertise to our audiences.

Does this mean they can only share it internally? Does it make sense for it be between teams? For enriching their application? Can this sharing include to other companies? Can they sell it? I was thinking they mean they will only use it for improving their product and to market the product, to get investors etc. But they are not limited only to that right? Here audiences is not defined, who could it be?

How enforceable is this privacy policy? The fear of being exposed and losing customer trust is one incentive to adhere to this policy, but can we sue the company for damages? Is this just a list of things it will try to do.


texts: Is the U.S. entity ban against Huawei against the rule of law? Huawei hasn’t been formally charged or convicted in any court of law and not a single evidence hasn’t been presented to prove Huawei devices being used to spyi or being a threat to U.S. national security, yet Huawei was heavily punished. Doesn't that violate due process laws?


texts: Is threatening to share copies of an online discussion with an employer, in order to stifle opposition, illegal in any way?

texts:
Some political groups use the practice of threatening people with sharing screenshots of an online discussion to the debate opponent's employer, to get the debate opponent fired. This seems like an illegal practice but the people making these threats appear unconcerned about legal penalties.

Is there any law for such practice which might fall into the category of doxxing, coercion, harassment or similar actions?


texts: Are "small" courts more "informal" than "big" ones?

texts:
By "small" court, I mean a small claims or district court. By "big" court, I mean a circuit or federal court. ("State" courts would probably be in the middle.)
Apparently, the higher courts are more "formal." For instance, circuit and federal courts are usually quite strict about what kinds of information can be entered into evidence. Apparently district and small claims courts tend to give prosecutors and plaintiffs more latitude in what is acceptable as evidence, which hurts defendants.
On the show, "Perry Mason," a Los Angeles lawyer sometimes goes to trial in a "small" California court outside of LA. When this happens, there are usually complaints from the locals about "big city lawyers" and "big city law." When Mason makes objections at trial that would be routinely sustained in LA, they are often overruled "locally."
Is there, in fact, a dichotomy has between law practiced is "small" and "big" courts, and if so, what might be the cause? Is this a reason why cases are often appealed to "higher" courts?


texts:
A CPA that is supposedly working on my Tax application accidentally has uploaded some other people tax applications to my account on their "secured" platform.
Now I am very worried that they might have done something similar with my private information. And the fact that they are not returning my emails adds to the problem.
Since I have no confidence in them being able to handle my private data I would like to request them to delete every single bit of information connected with my application. Is there standard official way of requesting it to make sure that they are legally bound to remove everything from their system.
Additionally are they legally required to tell me that my data was accidentally leaked ?
There are laws around reporting data breaches and security incidents, not sure if any of that applies here.


texts: Why "it is unlawful for X to do Y" rather than "it is illegal for X to do Y"?

texts:
It is said that unlawful means "not permitted by law" and illegal means "forbidden by law".

However, I cannot recall ever seeing the phrase "it is illegal to ..." when reading legal text.  Instead, the phrasing used is "it is unlawful to...".

Why does legal text never (or at least very rarely) seem to say that something is illegal rather than merely unlawful? Is there a legal/technical reason, or does it just sound fancier?


texts: Can there be a settlement agreement for termination of employment?

texts:
Say a dispute arises between an employee and employer. The employer believes the employee stole something or intentionally damaged company property. The employer would like to immediately fire the employee for just cause. If the employee does not accept this and argues they have insufficient evidence, can some sort of settlement agreement be made in this case?
For example, could an employee say "I will take you to court if you fire me for just cause but if you give me a weeks severance I will resign or you can fire me without cause". Would that be a valid settlement agreement?


texts: When is an image considered a recreation of another image?

texts:
In scientific articles and textbooks I've found the following images (seen at end of this post). These images were created by different authors at different times.  The images all describe the same thing/process, the experimental setup one would use to flow a fluid through a cylinder of rock. In each instance where these images (figures) were given the author gave no citation/credit to any of the other authors who gave the similar images in the years prior. For this post's question, let us assume that all of these images are copyrighted and that none of the authors received express permission from the copyright owner of the images that precedes theirs.  Here are the questions I would like addressed directly:

What are the objective and/or subjective rules for when an image is considered an outright recreation of another image (and therefore subject to copyright law)?  (Citations of these rules would be appreciated)
And per these rules (from question 1), which of the images given below are subject to copyright violation since they are outright recreations?  For example, would Figure 4 be an outright recreation of Figure 2, and why?
What figures, if any, are not outright recreations of the others, and why?


texts:
I have recently found someone that is using software that I released on GitHub under the Apache License 2.0.
The software is a Discord bot that includes a dashboard.
I also have the following in the README.md file:

You may change code if needed under the following conditions:
For the dashboard, you may change the theme, wording, design, links, etc. however I will not accept any bug reports coming from this. You will also agree to not remove the copyright notice in the footer. You may add your name here, however, you must keep the original wording used.
ALL copyright notices and credits must be kept as is, not edited in any way (except for adding your own name) and not removed.

While there is still one reference to me in the dashboard, in the bot itself, all references to me being the original developer has been removed.
My question is: Are they allowed to remove this under the license I released the bot under? If not, how can I resolve this situation?


texts:
Following the Roe v. Wade decision, abortion became legal in all fifty states. However, Congress never had to pass a law or constitutional amendment defending abortion rights.

In what types of cases is precedent, as opposed to legislation, used to establish law? Is there no set rule or custom? Does it simply change based on opportunity and circumstance?


texts: Legal principles in refusing to pay advertised reward for return of lost item if it was returned without knowledge of the ad

texts:
Say person X lost his valuable item and advertised a reward for the return of it. Person Y, who knew X personally, found the item before reading the ad, and returned it to X, who just thanked Y for that.

Later Y read the ad and demanded the reward. X refused.

Contract Law teaches us that it was perfectly legal for X to refuse as there was no contract. Which legal principles apply here?

P.S. It was a question in a test, to which I answered that the principle was past consideration as Y returned the item before reading the ad and so without expecting any reward. However, the tutor did not give any credit for my answer and explained that "X never agreed to pay Y anything. To accept an offer, you must be aware of it.".


texts: Legal to create a publicly-available multiple choice test on a publicly-available resource?

texts:
I am a web developer, and also have children, and had the idea of creating multiple choice tests on a "resource".  Take for example a BBC nature documentary on Netflix.  Actually that's NOT public so it's a better example.  I want my son to really learn that so I come up with maybe 30-40 multiple choice or T/F questions about it, and post it so he (and others) could take a test.  I feel like this will really facilitate learning.  All of a sudden, he's got a real incentive to pay attention!

I am not giving access to the video.  You'll need your own access to watch it.  I am not copying any clips of the video.  But I am essentially commenting on the video and creating a resource that discusses the video.  Am I infringing on any copyright laws by doing this?

The other question as a corollary is, are there specific restrictions on the format of the questions?  Am I violating laws if I quote short sections in order to implement the question?  I will of course cite the resource name and location.  I'm thinking that a lot of educational blogs could have this type of testing associated with them as well, so this applies not just to videos or private resources.  Thanks.


texts: If a US citizen murders a fellow citizen in a foreign country, where does the trial happen?

texts:
If an American citizen murders another American citizen abroad in a country which an extradition treaty exists, but is first arrested back in the United States where they have since returned to - where does the prosecution occur?
Specifically I ask the question because this happens in the fictional HBO show Search Party. After committing murder in Canada and returning home, the defendants are tried in U.S. court. I'm wondering if this is what would actually happen in real life.
18 U.S. Code § 1119 - "Foreign murder of United States nationals" seems to cover this topic but from my limited understanding it seems to imply that since the U.S. and Canada have a treaty the defendant(s) would be extradited to Canada for trial.
Aside from this it also states:

"...the Attorney General, in consultation with the Secretary of State, determines that the conduct took place in a country in which the person is no longer present"

and I'm wondering what that process actually looks like. Does the Attorney General have to petition the other government for permission to prosecute them in the home country? Does it make a difference if the key witnesses are also all Americans, therefore arguing that chances of conviction are more likely if tried within the U.S. where all participants reside and are available to testify?
Either way - does anyone know any famous/well known examples of this happening? I assume it must be well precedented in U.S. border regions.
Sorry if this question is woefully unaware, that's why I'm seeking out expertise.


texts: Is pretending to be the owner of a bank account illegal?

texts:
I'm looking into a job, and I'm trying to figure out if there is a legal issue with it.
The role is called "asset investigator." It entails confirming bank info on behalf of credit card companies who want to collect owed money.
The job is as follows: the employer calls a bank and impersonates the owner of an account. After providing all sorts of personal info like social security number, address etc. (all provided by the company), the employer then confirms the account and tries to get as much info as possible- current balance, past transactions etc.
The employer doesn't actually do anything to the account. No money is transferred, no passwords changed, etc. But the info is then passed on to the credit card companies, who can then proceed to sue the person for debt.
I was told by an employer at the company that the credit card companies already have legal right to get this information from the bank, and they just prefer to avoid directly forcing banks to give over such private information (since it causes ill-will between the banks and the credit companies etc.)
This doesn't sound so legal to me. However, all of the discussions I found talking about impersonating bank account owners all focused on the transferring of money. I couldn't find anything just discussing the impersonation.
I'm trying to figure out:

Is impersonating a bank account owner, in the above described situation, actually legal in general?
Is it possible that in the specific situation, where the credit card companies (allegedly) have court permission to access the info, it would be permissible to impersonate the bank account owner?


texts: What specific charges is the US Justice Department accusing Google/Alphabet of?

texts:
The US Justice Department sued Google/Alphabet on the 20th Oct of this year in an anti-trust lawsuit, alleging that the corporation was illegally using its market muscle to hobble competition. Other parties to the lawsuit include AT&T, Amazon, T-Mobile and Duck, Duck Go.
Q. What specific charges are the US Justice Department making?
Or are we not likely to know until the case is actually in court?
Q. Mindful also of the Cambridge Analytica scandal a few years ago regarding their deceitful and manipulative practises engaged in subverting democracy; and mindful too of the greater scrutiny that the Big Tech companies have faced since then in light of the larger part that social media plays in life of democracies and their citizens; are there any indications that such accusations are on the charge-sheet?
If so, what are they?


texts: Can app manufacturers collect and store minors' data?

texts:
United States/New York State here, but I'm interested in any answers, even generic ones that are jurisdiction-agnostic.

I am a software developer writing a hobby app (both Android and iOS) for a recreational (but competitive!) sport that is played all over the world. This app will allow users to create accounts, setup profiles, compete against each other in the real world and report their results, and most importantly: for the first time ever will aggregate scores/results and provide a unified world ranking system for this hobby/sport. Hence players will be able to login and see where they stand in the world rankings, which is going to be a very exciting feature.

In the real world, tournaments for this sport have several divisions, typically arranged by skill level and/or age. For instance a typical tournament might have the following divisions:

Men, Amateurs (any men who are not considered "professionals")
Women, Amateurs (ditto)
Men, Pro (professionals)
Women, Pro
Men, Masters/Senior (amateurs above, say, 45 years of age)
Women, Masters/Senior
Kids/Youth Ages 7 - 10
Kids/Youth Ages 10 - 14
Boys Ages 14 - 18
Girls Ages 14 - 18

This is the typical tournament setup, but it varies.

I want to allow minors (in US this is defined as younger than 18 but I'm sure it varies country to country) to use my app the same way as an adult would, but I'm concerned about the following:

Can minors under a certain age even download & use apps?
Is it legal to collect data & metrics about minors (height, weight, age, as well as tournament results, etc.)?
In order to use many features of the app, you have to allow the app to report your GPS location...can we collect minor's GPS data?

I'm hoping that the universal answer here is: All of the above is generally legal in every country, so long as the minor has their guardian's consent to use the app and all of its features. Because in that case, I can figure out a way to make sure we obtain and document guardian consent ahead of time.

Otherwise, if the answer here is tricky/murky, how do other apps like Facebook, Twitter or even video game makers tackle this issue?


texts: Is furry cub porn considered pedophilia?

texts: So, I was talking with a friend on Discord and they told me that digital drawings of furry cubs that display sexual/fetish content is both pedophilia and zoophilia and punishable by law, but this confused me as there are sites like InkBunny and e621 that host this type of content with servers based in the United States. For anyone unfamiliar with the furry fandom, a "furry cub" is essentially a young/adolescent animal of some sort that hasn't reached adulthood. So, is this considered legal in the United States?


texts: Is it really possible to use Google Analytics without consent, and if so, why exactly?

texts:
I'm asking about the GDPR and the European Union. Lots of websites claim that it is possible to use Google Analytics without asking for the user's consent. Even some answers here suggest that it is possible. You just need to change some settings in Google Analytics: anonymize IPs, turn off "data sharing", whatever that is or whatever it means. But does this really make Google Analytics complaint with the GDPR without the user's consent? Is that guaranteed anywhere? I might be wrong, but I somehow get the feeling that this is just a "suggestion", to make things probably "better", but there might not be a valid legal explanation for this.

Basically the only way you can avoid consent in this case is by having a "legitimate interest", which in any case must be "reasonably expected" by the data subject (which means it can't be something totally unrelated, for example). The user can expect it is your legitimate interest to get some statistics on the traffic and the way the website is used. Other kinds of processing are probably not expected, and not to be considered "legitimate interests". So Google should probably not do anything with the Google Analytics data, except for providing the website owner with some innocent statistics. Now, is this guaranteed anywhere in Google privacy policies, in a way that makes it compliant with the GDPR?

So what I'm asking is: is it really possible to use Google Analytics on a website without user consent, and if so, what exactly makes it complaint? Changing some settings might be a good idea but not be enough, unless there's something that guarantees that's enough.


texts: Get access to an account of someone living abroad

texts: My brother opened a bank account a couple of year ago in Utah , now he lives abroad and wants to get the money out. He does not have an online banking or a current debit card, only an expired one, but does not remember the pin. What kind I do from a legal perspective to act on his behalf and withdraw the money


texts: Checklist of filings and procedures for ongoing operation of a 'barebones' LLC in NY?

texts:
Please note: I fully understand that using a lawyer or a legal service is highly advised here. Duly noted! But, I think I'm more than capable of handling this, and if you strongly disagree, please provide adequate reasoning!

I want to create a member-managed NY State LLC where I will be the only member (initially). Initially (most of the first year of operation), this will be a "barebones" LLC with less than $1,000 in the sole checking account. There will be very few transactions each month (probably less than 5). It will essentially be a "placeholder" company that provides me with certain protections and capabilities until I am actually ready to launch a product and start conducting "normal" business.

I understand the process and steps needed to form the LLC, but am a bit fuzzy on what I need to do from a compliance/taxation perspective with respect to the daily/quarterly/annual operation of the LLC.

Let's make it simple and assert that my industry doesn't require any special permits, licenses, etc. to operate. I would assume I need to file quarterly financial reports with the NYS Dept Taxation/Finance as well as the IRS. I'm also aware that I'll need to file a Biennial Statement every 2 years. Anything else?!? I'm basically looking to comply 100% with all state- and federal- agencies (which I believe will should just be tax departments and the NYS DoC), and want to make sure that I'm not overlooking anything here.

Note: Yes, I'll use an accountant for all quarterly/annual financial filings. But any other documents/filings/procedures I'd like to tackle myself without using an expensive lawyer, especially since this business will essentially be de minimis/barebones and solely exist on paper for the first 8 - 12 months of operations.


texts: Can a person be civilly liable for an action that was criminally deemed "de minimis"?

texts: I want to know that, if a criminal conviction is dismissed due to it being considered "de minimis", can the person still be considered civilly liable for the actions that took place?  Examples would make for a good answer.


texts: Need help on Jargon Terms of Life Insurance Products

texts:
I am studying some documents on life insurance product, but I kept bumping into the jargon terms like "amount exposed", "policies exposed", "expected death QX7580E by amount", "expected death QX2001VBT by amount", "expected death QX2008VBT by amount", "expected death QX2008VBTLU by amount", "expected death QX2015VBT by amount." I tried very hard to search for the terms' meaning, but could not really explain why the first two terms have results that are not integers (amount exposed = money that are at risk of loss, policies exposed = insurance policies that are at risk of loss).

Question: Can someone please help clarify to me on what these terms truly mean, although I understand VBT = Valuation Basic Report Table, and QX stands for mortality rate? Really appreciate any help.


texts: Is there a legal requirement in the UK to receive physical post?

texts:
I recently was unable to receive post in the UK (due to a broken post box in a post room) and as a result did not read legal document I should have received.

While I understand the legal requirement for a valid address in cases such as your driving license, is there a legal requirement to be in receipt of physical post at the address? Does supplying your address also commit you to having received and opened post at that address.

Can you deny physical post? Opt out all together from being able to receive post at a residential address?

As an aside to the implications of any answers to the above ... if there is a convention of organisations making "reasonable steps" to get in touch with you, how can post be deemed reasonable if they don't get a reply and have no idea if such post was received? Isn't the onus then on me to take "reasonable steps" to receive post? Why should I? What if I can't?


texts: Say I ask someone to shoot me non lethally. Not assisted suicide, Just shot. Is this legal? Isn't it like asking to be assaulted with a deadly weapon?


texts: Does a YouTuber have any copyrights over a processed video

texts:
This is how YouTube works:

A user records a video (user has copyright)
The user then uploads the video to YouTube
YouTube stores the file privately and processes it
Processing basically records the original into several different file formats for playback via the web
YouTube destroys the original upload. Only the processed versions are distributed

It is common for uploaders delete the original file to save hard drive space. In the future they may want to download the YouTube video. (probably via 3rd party software that does break YouTube TOS)
Given this situation:

Does YouTube own copyright for the processed videos, or does it stay with the uploader?
Does the uploader have any rights to download and use the processed video?


texts: Why has a domestic violence case made public online? (California)

texts:
According to my understanding California law prohibits the courts from giving online access to the documents in a domestic violence cases (for example through websites such as unicourt). Is that correct?

Secondly, if the documents of a domestic violence case are made available online (presumably through error), what recourse does one have to take them down?


texts: I am a California native, currently attending school in Utah, and have been considering getting a Concealed Carry License as a non-resident of the State. In doing research, however, it appears that, because I am a legal resident of California, I cannot purchase a gun in Utah. Now, I am aware, that it is legal for a private citizen (not a licensed gun retailer) to purchase a firearm as a gift for someone else, as long as that someone else is not a convicted felon. What I'm wondering then, is whether it would be legal for, say, my wife, a Utah resident, to purchase a gun on my behalf?


texts: Is it illegal for a hospital to hide the doctor name from patient?

texts: I had an ultrasound at a hospital. The doctor over there gave me some recommendations. I wasn’t sure about these recommendations and wrote an email to the management asking other doctors to review those recommendations. They did review and provided an answer. I asked for those doctor’s names. Hospital refused to disclose. Is hospital violating any laws?


texts: If one gives a witness statement and incriminates oneself in the process, will that incrimination be used against you?

texts:
When giving a witness statement, if you incriminate yourself in the process will that be used against you?

For example an article I read recently reported a burglar who discovered a stash of illegal images of children. He then alerts the police and gives a statement.


texts: Are manufacturers allowed to refuse warranty because you did not purchase from an authorized dealer?

texts: In Australia, are manufacturers allowed to refuse manufacturer warranty because you purchased their item from an unauthorized dealer or re seller? Or are they forced to fix my product? Also please cite any sources to back up information, thanks


texts: Protection against late signature on a lease

texts:
Let's say Aaron (property owner) and Bob (prospective tenant) are considering entering into a lease. They reach preliminary agreement verbally, and so Aaron drafts a lease agreement, signs it, and sends it to Bob for his signature. (Suppose Aaron is managing the property remotely, from a far-away city, so they can't meet in person for the signing). Let's say this happens about 2 months before the start date of the lease.

At this point, Bob has a lease agreement with Aaron's signature on it. It seems to me that if Bob is unscrupulous, he can delay adding his signature for up to 2 months. He can look for a better deal on a different apartment for that entire time. If he finds a better deal, he can simply tear up the contract with Aaron - after all, he never signed it! If he doesn't find a better deal, he can simply add his signature to the contract with Aaron to make it binding.

On the other hand, it seems to me that Aaron is at a significant disadvantage - he cannot look for other tenants and sign anything with them, because at any point Bob can make the original lease valid, and force Aaron to lease to him.

I realize that the lease itself could have some wording to solve this issue (e.g. "only valid if signed by both parties by such-and-such date"), but - for example - the standard lease agreement I've seen used in Washington State doesn't have any such clauses.

So, my questions are:

Is my understanding correct? Can Bob indeed delay signing, putting Aaron at a significant disadvantage? Or is there anything in law that would prevent such a trick on Bob's part?
Does the answer change if this is lease renewal and not a new lease?

In case it matters, the jurisdiction I am most interested in is Washington State, USA.


texts: What defines a separate visit when getting beverage container recycling refunds on a per-container basis instead of by weight?

texts:
I read on http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/BevContainer/Consumers/CashingIn.htm (mirror), regarding  getting beverage container recycling refunds on a per-container basis instead of by weight in California:

  By law, you can bring up to 50 aluminum, 50 glass, 50 plastic, and 50 bi-metal California Redemption Value (CRV) containers in a single visit and request to be paid by count. You will be paid the full CRV redemption of 5 cents or 10 cents on each container. Inform the site attendant of your load content and how you would like to receive payment before you hand over your load.

What defines a separate visit? E.g., if I enter the recycling center, cash out 50 aluminum cans, go outside the store, and enter again to cash 50 more aluminum cans, does that count as a new visit?


texts: What prevents uber to draw up end user contracts?

texts:
What prevents companies like Uber to draw up contracts, which both the riders and drivers have to sign / agree to if they want to use Uber?
This is in light of recent events related to Uber drivers being ruled as employees by Californian Court. And also the ban of Uber in Delhi due to incidents of rape and sexual assault by the drivers on women riders.
Would companies like Uber not benefit by drawing up contracts, stating that drivers are contractors, if a driver has a problem with that they may not sign up.
Similarly can they also not draw contracts for riders stating a limited liability and again if the rider has an issue with that they may not use Uber.
Can such contracts be voided by the courts, even if they are signed by both parties?
If they can do it, and it would help, why aren't they doing it? Or are they, then why is it not working for them?
P.S: I am not saying that Uber has no responsibility of doing a background check on drivers (and making sure that Uber rides are completely safe), so that the safety of women as well as men and children can be ensured. Also if we are coming to it, some sort of verification of the rider will encourage women cab drivers to also operate an Uber.


texts: UK - Hot Water changed from Gas to Electric - What recourse do I have?

texts:
Long question, jump to the end for a TL:DR.

I rent a house, I'm the only occupant.  My Gas boiler was given a gas safety certificate by an engineer who warned me that the boiler was extremely borderline, and that if it was not for the fact I had just moved in, he would have condemned the boiler.

Skip forward six months, I've been in the house, turning the boiler on and off (gas) when I wanted to heat a tank of water, and generally not burning it for more than 30 minutes.

It's coming into winter, and now the house needs heating, so I got concerned about my safety and called out an engineer (my own money) to inspect the boiler as a independent third party.  He promptly shut off my gas, cut the pipe leading to the boiler, capped off the pipes and gave me a certificate condemning the boiler.

No problem there.

I let the estate agent know (private rental through an agency).  And they told me to use the electric heater in the tank while repairs were conducted.   I checked, there was an electric element in the tank, but it was not wired into the house electrics.  So they had to call out an electrician.

Still not a problem.

Contacted the agency to thank them for getting the water temporarily fixed, obviously heating on electric is going to cost me more, so I wanted an estimate of how long the boiler would take to get fixed up.

I was then instructed by the estate agent that the boiler would not be repaired, and that I was to use electric from now on.

It's coming into winter as I already said, so now I'm expecting this is going to cost me 15~20Kw a day (calculated this from tank size, and thumbing it, so there's definitely some give in those numbers), it's about 3* the price of using Gas to heat the house and heat the water, and if I the electric was on a timer like the Gas was, then I could probably have pulled this down to 6Kw a day. (It does have a thermostat in the tank that stops it boiling, so it just maintains a constant temperature (not sure what temperature exactly)),  Over a month under the new system it's going to cost me about £101.29(per/month), where before when it was gas it would have cost me (with the timer and all other benefits) about £9.42(per/month)

The electric coil they hooked up also does not have a timer, it's a switch that's either on or off, so it's going to be running 24 hours a day, instead of being on a timer that only runs when I'm expecting to be at home.

TL:DR

I've emailed the agent to say it's not a good solution and that I expected the landlord would cover the difference in cost.

My message: Please also let the landlord know that because the house is now on Electric supply for hot water, and the cost of this is significantly higher than the equivalent Gas system, I will calculate the difference and he will need to cover that.

Agents message: Not a problem at all. With regards to the boiler being fixed, the landlord is not going to replace it so therefore, as you have suggested please calculate the difference, which we will then pass onto your landlord.

Can I reasonable hold their message as a guarantee that the extra costs will be covered by them/landlord?

(The agent is referred to in the contract as attached in image, but does not say anything about having the authority of the landlord to agree things)

Alternately (And I've been searching, but can't find a good reference to this anywhere)  since the house has been changed from Gas to Electric for Hot Water, is this considered a substantial change in the dwelling?  Since there was no electric water before, and the house was "Gas Only" for hot water...  (You probably get where I'm going with that)

(Reference numbers)


texts: What are the consquences of the Martin Act?

texts:
According to Wikiepedia, New York states's Martin Act gives the New York Attorney General far more power to prosecute securities fraud (usually a Federal crime) than most other states.

Does that also mean that New York state courts exercise more jurisdiction over alleged securities fraud than those of most other states, and if so, how?

For instance, what could Eliot Spitzer do in New York courts that he could not have done in some other states?