texts: Description of the flag Rāma carried in His battle against Rāvaṇa

texts:
As far as I know, there are no explicit and detailed descriptions of the flag Rāma carried in His battle against Rāvaṇa present in the Rāmāyaṇa.
However, elaborate descriptions of the flag are said to be present in both the Skandapurāṇa and Kūrmapurāṇa.
Can somebody provide me with the relevant references from these texts?


texts: Does Sauram - the sect of Lord Surya being Supreme Being, still exists? One of my Bengali friends are Saurite. If they are still existing, when did the community got declined? What are their holy books?


texts:
I searched a lot regarding meanings of beeja mantras (esp. klim, sauhu, aim, hrim, shrim). Web gives overall meaning. e.g. 'aim' is saraswati mantra; may the goddess Saraswati bless you'; 'Hrim' is tantrik pranav and yogik hrudaya. That's it. And the same case for other beej mantras.

Request if I can get thorough explanations with scripture references for these beeja mantras.


texts: is it ok to do Gayatri Japa during a Lunar Eclipse?

texts:
For example, there is a Partial Lunar Eclipse taking place  tomorrow ( 7th August 2017 ).
Is performing Gayatri Japa during the Lunar Eclipse (10.52 Pm- 12.48 AM tomorrow)  allowed ?

Regards


texts: Why does our soul reside in our heart? What does that mean?

texts: In various scriptures, it is noted that our soul resides in our heart. What is the significance of soul residing in our heart? Why residing in the heart?


texts: Is 'yojana' a colloquial unit of measurement?

texts:
I see the unit of measurement "yojana" being used frequently in excerpts mentioned on this site.

  But Mainak, the golden parvat, 100 yojana in width, took shelter of vayu and then consequently was saved and allowed to stay in lavan samudra.

It seems the Mainak Parvat is 100 yojana across. Is this a colloquial unit of measurement?


texts: Which places in India does the authentic "pitru vidhi" happen?

texts:
Pitru Vidhi mainly deals with doing ceremony for one's own paternal family ancestors. Usually this leads to their peace. If not done properly then these same ancestors will create minor/major family related problems. Such problems are indication of pending "pitru vidhi".
Which places [especially in India], the genuine "Pitru Vidhi" happens?
(Stressing on "genuine" as, this ceremony might be happening at all the cities/towns but mostly they are not up to the mark. Read below passage for more info.)
To avoid opinions, kindly provide some reference for that place if possible. For example, "Prachi, Gujarat, India" is so famous for "Pitru Vidhi", that it is advertised in Tripadvisor as well.

More info
On a personal note, A best friend of mine had this experience. His family was never having any boy child. If it were born, then would die in short span.
Then they went to a small village called Prachi for this ceremony. A big circle was made & all the families belonging to their lineage were sitting there. The priests started chanting of various Mantra-s since early morning. Slowly towards the noon, a recently wed bride who was very new to the family started showing some symptoms of possession. Within short time she exhibited various "pitru"-s and their talks which she never knew. Few examples:

One pitru died due to fire accident, but it couldn't scream. So it came to her body & just screamed
One pitru was not offered water; it possessed her body, drank lot of water and went
One pitru wanted to give one necklace to an acquaintance; That pitru was convinced somehow & went
One pitru wanted to treat everyone with a feast; They somehow arranged for everyone and that also went
...

Later I heard that this issue was resolved to an extent. My friend seeing all these is as good as I am seeing, as we are very close friends for 20+ years.


texts: Is there any incidence of Portend or fortell (bhavishyavani) in scriptures except Krishna birth?

texts: Is there any incidence of Aakashvaani in scriptures except Krishna birth? Bhavishyavani of something in scriptures?


texts: Where do the quotes from sages in Brahma's hymn to Vishnu come from?

texts:
In this chapter of the Bhishma Parva of the Mahabharata, during one of the nights of the war Bhishma tries to convince Duryodhana to make peace with the Pandavas, arguing that they're invincible since they have Krishna on their side.  To prove his point, Bhishma tells Duryodhana a hymn to Vishnu that was once said by Brahma:

Hear from me, O king, this hymn that was uttered by Brahman himself. This hymn was in days of old communicated by regenerate Rishis and the gods (to men) on Earth-
'Narada described thee as the Master and the Lord of the god of gods and all the Sadhyas and the celestials, and as one acquainted with the nature of the Creator of the worlds. Markandeya spoke of thee as the Past, the Present, and the Future, and the sacrifice of sacrifices, and the austerity of austerities. The illustrious Bhrigu said of thee that thou art the God of the gods, that thine is the ancient form of Vishnu. Dwaipayana said of thee that thou art Vasudeva of the Vasus, the establisher of Sakra, and the God of gods and all creatures. In days of old on the occasion of procreating creatures, the sages spoke of thee as Daksha, the Father of creation. Angiras said that thou art the creator of all beings. Devala said of thee that the unmanifest all is thy body, and the manifest is in thy mind, and that the gods are all the result of thy breath. With thy heads is pervaded the heavens, and thy two arms support the Earth. In thy stomach are three worlds and thou art the Eternal Being. Even thus do men exalted by asceticism know thee. Thou art the Sat of Sat, with Rishis gratified with sight of Self. With royal sages of liberal minds, never retreating from battle and having morality for their highest end, thou, O slayer of Madhu, art, the sole refuse.
Even thus is that illustrious and Supreme Being, viz., Hari, adored and worshipped by Sanatkumar and other ascetics endued with Yoga. The truth about Kesava, O sire, is now narrated to thee, both in brief and detail. Turn thy heart in love to Kesava.'

In the course of this hymn, the sages Narada, Markandeya, Bhrigu, Vyasa, Angiras, and Devala are all quoted by Brahma.
So my question is, where are these quotes taken from?  Are these just things these sages said, or are they taken from works they're the seers or authors of?  Some of these sages are seers of hymns of the Vedas; see the Rig Veda Anukramani compiled in my answer here.  So could these quotes actually be Vedic verses?
On a side note, this isn't the only example of a hymn from Brahma addressed to Vishnu; see my answer here for another notable example.


texts: Are king Harita and sage Harita one or two different persons?

texts: I am searching about harit gotra and came across two persons harit king and harit sage. Are they different personalities or one person?


texts: If most Puranas are a conversation between Shaunaka and Sauti, how is that we see variations in creation and other stories?

texts:
As we know, there are 18 Puranas, and many more Upa Puranas.
Nearly all of them begin in the same way, namely: Sarga and Visarga - Creation and Secondary Creation.

And most Puranas begin with Shaunaka asking Ugrashrava Sauti, "Please describe to us the glories of [insert name(s) here]."

Now if most Puranas are a conversation between Shaunaka and Sauti, how come there are variations in the same creation stories and other stories in each Purana? Like wouldn't the Rishis listening to them say, "Hey! Yesterday you said this happened, today you are saying something else happened!"

How are these variations justified?

Also, I've a secondary question:

I understand that how much ever we describe the glories of the Lord, they always sound fresh, but just because of that wouldn't the assembled Rishis get bored of listening again to the same story of creation?


texts: Can deities from other universes hear our prayers?

texts: Can deities inhabiting other universes hear our prayers, or is it just the presiding deities of this universe?


texts: Why are Alvars associated with Vishishtadvaita?

texts: Why are Alvars associated with Vishishtadvaita philosophy? Did they themselves say so? Were they initiated from Vishishtadvaita mutts?


texts: is the notion of the earth asking for the burden of humans to be reduced found in scripture?

texts:
I have heard of the earth complaining to the Gods about "bhubhara" - the weight of living things carried by her.  The Gods then make tremendously destructive wars happen to reduce the earth's burden.

Is this idea found in scripture?


texts: Who conferred the " Śhrî Śhrî " honorific on the hindu âchârya, Ravi Shankar?

texts:
Any information on who conferred the double honorific titular epithet (" Śhrî Śhrî ") on the hindu âchârya, Ravi Shankar? And on what basis?
Also, what are some other instances of people with the same Śhrî Śhrî  honorific?


texts: How is Duryodhana a son in law to Balarama?

texts:
I was reading Markandeya Purana and found that there is a mention of Duryodhana being a son in law of Balarama. I am not able to find more information about this in Markandeya Purana. I am looking for information on how Duryodhana became the son in law of Balarama and who was Balarama's daughter in this story. The below quote is taken from Canto VI - Baladeva’s brahmanicide of Markandeya Purana.

The plough-armed Rāma,
knowing the perfect affection of Kṛṣṇa for Arjuna, deliberated
much—“Can what has been done be better done? Without Kṛṣṇa, assuredly,
I will not go near Duryodhana; or how, siding with the Pāṇḍavas, shall
I slay king Duryodhana, my royal son-in-law and disciple? Therefore I
will go neither to Arjuna nor to king Duryodhana. I will myself bathe
myself at holy bathing places, so long as it conduces to the ending of
the Kurus and Pāṇḍavas.”


texts:
In this extra-ordinary simile from Katha Upanishad ,explains the concept of Atman very well:

  Know the âtman as the lord of the chariot, the body as only the chariot, know also intelligence as the driver; know the minds as the
  reins.

Let us take an example to understand the above simile before I mention the questions. Dheeraj(Atma of Dheeraj) is the lord of the body or the chariot. Dheeraj employs intelligence as the driver. Dheeraj employs mind as the reins.
Dheeraj may or may not be able to employ the intelligence in a good way. Dheeraj may or may not be able to use the reins properly.Therefore Dheeraj,the Atma, may or may not be the good lord of the chariot or the body.

So my questions are :
can Atma turn out to be good or bad in its ability to control the chariot ?

Or is it that Atma doesn't have any influence over the chariot?

If Atma doesn't have any influence over the chariot then why is it called the Lord of the chariot?


texts: Why do we offer milk to Lord Shiv's shrine only in Shravan month?

texts:
Lord Shiv is the God who is offered the things that are normally poisonous/forbidden for living beings.

Eg: Poison from manthan, chellum,etc

The dark energies are considered to be worshipping Lord Shiv.

If the above assumptions are correct, there has to be a reason why we offer milk to Lord Shiva in Shravan month.

Do enlighten regarding the same.


texts:
At the end of each chapter of Bhagwat gita, I found "Om Tat Sat".

My questions are:

What Is the meaning of Om Tat sat Or Hari Om Tat Sat?
What is the significance of writting this at the end?


texts: Can I follow bhagwat Gita while expecting materialistic enjoyment?

texts:
Can I follow bhagwat Gita principles, while working to enjoy my life by buying fancy cars, travelling having girlfriend, etc?

Can I practice teachings of gita with a desire to enjoy all materialistic things but as a gift of God?


texts: How can a person increase Shraddha (faith) in Hindu scriptures and gods?

texts: Nowadays it is very difficult for almost everyone to have full faith in god and scriptures(Vedas, Ithihas, Puranas, etc). In what ways a person can increase faith in the above mentioned things?


texts: Does Basavanna reject the Vedas outrightly in any of his works?

texts:
Basavanna was a 12th century philosopher, a Kannada social reformer and a renowned Shaivite. He is said to be an incarnation of Nandikeshwar by his followers. Basavanna is said to have found the Lingayata sect, a Shaivite sect which rejects the authority of the Vedas and downplays caste-system.

My question is whether or not did Basavanna outrightly reject the Vedas in any of his works? I am asking this since Shakyamuni too was said to have rejected Vedas but with a closer look and proper interpretation of his teachings reveal otherwise.So did Basavanna outrightly reject Vedas? If not outrightly, please provide his quotes on the authority of the Vedas.


texts: What are the rules for blowing conch before and after Pūjā - Upāsanā?

texts:
When should the conch (शंख) be blown? At the start of the Pūjā - Upāsanā or at the end?
Sometimes, I have seen people blowing it twice, both at the start and then in the end too. Others, blow it once, either at start or at the end only.
Does it depend on the kind of pūjā being done? Like a big pūjā (mahāpūjā) has different rules and a normal pūjā has different rules?
What does scriptures prescribe on this?


texts: What should be order of reading Hindu scriptures and texts for understanding Soul, God, Karm, Moksha and purpose of creation?

texts:
I do want to understand fundamental concepts like Soul, God, Karm, Moksh and of course purpose of this life or creation that include everything at more deeper and detailed level.
I guess main sources are Hindu scriptures and texts like Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas and more.
I already have read Bhagavad Gita and 4 cantos of Bhagavata Purana
These are many books. So what should be proper order to read them?


texts:
Who are the parents of Narada?

I want to know the name of Narada muni's father and mother.


texts: Which scripture says the initiation by Saraswathi to Nala on Chintamani mantra?

texts:
It is said that Saraswathi initiated the Nala on Chintamani mantra at the time of Damayanthi swayamvaram.
I heard this from a preaching of H.H Sri Siddheswarananda Bharati Swamy.
Which scripture describes this event?


texts: Do Hindu Gods commit sin and go to hell? If yes please quote the scripture

texts:
because Krishna said that Gods are also trapped in the system of creation
Krishna said He is the one who does all- both good and evil by incarnating himself.

Does it mean that when a bad guy is hitting a good guy, Krishna is playing both the roles?


texts: How do the scriptures describe an ideal Sanyasi?

texts:
This page describes some of the Dharmas that a "Sanyasi" has to follow.

For example, a Sanyasi:

  Should always have a dhanda (bamboo staff) and kamandulu (used for abulations made of wood). If he is without these two he cannot be
  considered as a sanyasi but a chandala.
  Should strictly observe celibacy.
  Must not travel in vehicles. Should travel by foot only.
  Must shave once in two months only.
  Must take biksha and eat.
  Must not travel abroad.
  Should not indulge on wordly affairs.
  Must not stay in a town more than three days. Must be in continuous travel.
  Must bathe thrice daily in cold water.
  Must not save money for personal use.
  Must concentrate only in doing sharavana, manana, nidhidhyaasana of vedanta.
  Should do the karmas like japas and poojas as said by the guru.

  And many more...

Question: Which scriptures are the basis of these claims?
And how is the ideal Sanyasi described in our scriptures?


texts: How does Dvaita philosophy explain Moksha?

texts:
From what I've understood, Moksha means attaining union with the Supreme Soul. But Dvaita philosophy says that the individual souls (jiivatma) are different from the Supreme Soul (paramatma).

If jiivatma and paramatma are different, how exactly does the Dvaita theory explains the attainment of moksha?


texts:
I am newbie to Advaita Vedanta. I have completed few Upanishads, almost all Hamsa Gita, some chapters of Ashtavakra Gita and now I am studying Bhagavad Gita. - Sorry about this chronology, but this is how I am trying to gain knowledge because I don't have any GURU (except the one sitting in my own heart) and I got to know everything from the internet only.
I am trying to cultivate SATVIC GUNA in almost all aspects of my life. But I am struggling to deal with Rajasic and Tamasic People in my WAKING STATE.
I live in a locality which is full of Rajasic and Tamasic people. Money (Greed), lies, deceit, intoxication, pride etc. - This is what I see on daily basis.
I won't go into details, but sometimes the activities of these people greatly agitates my mind. Sometimes condition arises that if they abuse me, I have to abuse back. I am even ready to give them some blows, if they try to physically assault me FIRST from their side. I always try to ignore them at my best, but these people considers my SILENCE as a weakness.
You can say that the Rajasic/Tamasic GUNAS of these people are activating Tamasic GUNAS inside mine.
I request you to please tell me How to (How do YOU) Deal with Rajasic and Tamasic People? How can I stop my mind from being agitated?
Please give me practical solution. If you think that something is wrong with my way of thinking then please guide me.
Thanks a lot


texts: Where do the Vedas describe dreaming of a black-skinned man?

texts:
As I discuss in this question, by far the most popular school of Hindu philosophy is the Vedanta school, which bases its tenets on the doctrines laid out in the Brahma Sutras, a work by the sage Vyasa that summarizes and systematizes the philosophical teachings of the Upanishads. You can read the Brahma Sutras here. In any case, in Adhyaya 3 Pada 2 Sutra 4 of the Brahma Sutras, Vyasa says this:

  sūcakaś ca hi śruter ācakṣate ca tadvidaḥ

  (Not altogether) for it (the dream) is indicative (of the future), according to scripture; the experts also declare this.

This translation is written from the viewpoint of the Advaita philosopher Adi Shankaracharya, who interprets this Sutra as saying that even though dreams are an unreal creation of the Jiva, they still have an element of truth insofar as they can predict the future.  (This is in contrast to other commentators who think this Sutra is saying that the fact that dreams predict the future imply that they're created by Paramatma, not the Jiva.)  Here is what Adi Shankaracharya says in this section of his Brahma Sutra Bhashya:

  Well then, as dreams are mere illusion, they do not contain a particle of reality?--Not so, we reply; for dreams are prophetic of future good and bad fortune. For scripture teaches as follows, 'When a man engaged in some work undertaken for a special wish sees in his dreams a woman, he may infer success from that dream-vision.' Other scriptural passages declare that certain dreams indicate speedy death, so, e.g. 'If he sees a black man with black teeth, that man will kill him.'--Those also who understand the science of dreams hold the opinion that to dream of riding on an elephant and the like is lucky; while it is unlucky to dream of riding on a donkey, &c.; and that certain other dreams also caused by special mantras or devatâs or substances contain a particle of truth.--In all these cases the thing indicated may be real; the indicating dream, however, remains unreal as it is refuted by the waking state.

Now the first Vedic verse that Adi Shankaracharya quotes is quoted by other commentators as well, and it occurs in this chapter of the Chandogya Upanishad:

  yadā karmasu kāmyeṣu striyaṁ svapneṣu
  paśyanti samṛddhiṃ tatra jānīyāttasminsvapnanidarśane
  tasminsvapnanidarśan

  If during sacrifices which are to fulfil certain wishes he sees in his dreams a woman, let him know success from this vision in a dream, yea, from this vision in a dream.

But my question is, where in the Vedas is the second verse from, the one that says that seeing a black-skinned man with black teeth in a dream implies that you'll die?  I assume it must be from the Vedas since the Sutra says Shruti.


texts: What is Sri Vaishnavism? What is the Vishishtadvaita?

texts: I'm a liberal Vaishnava ... I was formerly practising Gaudiya Vaishnavism but recently got dissatisfied with it as their doctrines about Goloka and Krishna's supremacy based on Rasa concept wasn't working out well for me .. Now I'm fascinated about the traditional Sri Sampradaya ... Can any Sri Vaishnava help me out by introducing me to the Sampradaya ?


texts: Does a little failure in mental celibacy completely break my brahmacharya

texts:
Let's take a scenario in which I had practiced brahmacharya for about 1 year or so...
Now if I involuntarily got attracted mentally by a girl..and I praised her beauty. But immediately felt wrong and held back myself from that thoughts
Does that break my brahmacharya??
Will my one year of hard work go in vain??


texts:
I was reading Shiva Purana and in Rudrasamhita Chapter 16, I came across the following attached section.

Here, in 8th and 9th verse, Lord Brahma said that 'some demons are to be killed by me'. Till now, I have only heard Lord Brahma giving boons to people or creating different types of species but I haven't heard of him ever killing any demon. Is there any story where he has actively killed some main demons?


texts:
Can any human curse a gods like Shiva or another human to death?
What is the criteria required to give a curse?


texts:
Is the term avatar unique to Hinduism?

Alterntively it is used as a general term to mean different concepts?


texts:
They grow from childhood to youth most of the gods. Then we will not see many of them reaching their old age and they(like Shani) are said to be alive to this day.

Do they stop aging at a certain age?
Do they live forever?


texts: Did Lord Ram visit this place during his exile?

texts: According to this  question's answer, it has shown the approximate path of Lord Ram's travel during the exile, but Nashik has not been mentioned here. According to the Wikipedia page of Nashik, it is the place where he cut the nose of Shurpanakha, therefore the name Nashik, also Panchavati is also located in Nashik, so did he visit Nashik? If yes then during which phase of his exile did he go there?


texts: Did Sita come to see lord Rama and Laxman when they were lying on the battle field?

texts:
I have heard that Sita had come to see when lord Rama and Laxman were lying on the battle field after Indrajit stuck down them with Naga-phasha.

Did Sita come to see? and who has brought up her to the battle field?


texts:
Lord Parashurama believed to be one of the Avatars of God Vishnu. I have seen that Parashuram were present in Ramayana (When God Ram breaks the God Shiva's blessed Bow to marry Goddess Sita) as well as in Mahabharatha (as a teacher who teaches secret and deadliest arts of battle to Bheeshma). As far as I know, these two epic stories were happened in completely different Yugas.

So, how was Lord Parashurama alive so long? Or is he immortal?


texts: Which scriptures or Vedic hymns declare the Sun as the Supreme God (Brahman)?

texts:
Most of the Indian philosophies establish hierarchies of their interest of Gods. Like There are many Lord Vishnus ( MahaVishnu- Supreme Brahman ) & Similarly many Lord Shivas ( Brahman is usually called as Maheshvar, Shiva Bhattaraka, Parameshvar, PrakAshvimarsaya etc).

Similarly, there are many Lord Suns. Supreme sun is the para Brahman according to Surya. From Aditya Hridya Stotram, He is being indirectly referred as Supreme Brahman indwelling in all.

  एष ब्रह्मा च विष्णुश्च शिवः स्कन्दः प्रजापतिः।
  महेन्द्रो धनदः कालो यमः सोमो ह्यपां पतिः॥ ॥
  He is pervading in all viz., Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the Sustainer), Shiva (the destroyer), Skanda (the son of Siva), Prajapati (progenitor of human race), the mighty Indra (lord of senses), Kubera (the God of prosperity), Kala (eternal time), Yama (the Lord of death), Soma (the moon god that nourishes), and Varuna (God of rain).

These hierarchies maintained by different philosophical systems are not mutually contradictory If I infer from KS, as the supreme who is being said in all philosophies is the same due to non duality, only naming differences.

By the way, I want to ask which scriptures or Vedic hymns declare Supreme Sun as Brahman/God directly?


texts: Why does the Bhagavata Purana say Vyasa incarnated before Rama?

texts:
Bhagavatam describes supreme personality of godhead incarnated as Vyasa before Rama:

SB 1.3.21

  Thereafter, in the seventeenth incarnation of Godhead, Śrī Vyāsadeva appeared in the womb of Satyavatī through Parāśara Muni, and he divided the one Veda into several branches and subbranches, seeing that the people in general were less intelligent.

SB 1.3.22

  In the eighteenth incarnation, the Lord appeared as King Rāma. In order to perform some pleasing work for the demigods, He exhibited superhuman powers by controlling the Indian Ocean and then killing the atheist King Rāvaṇa, who was on the other side of the sea.

Why does the Bhagavata Purana say so?


texts: Why was oath so important for Bhishma Pitamaha?

texts:
As we had seen in Mahabharata, Bhishma never broke any of his vows.

He was an honorable man in whole country.

He knows that Kauravas(Duryodhan) are wrong in his decision regarding giving Indraprastha kingdom to Yudhishthir.

Yudhishthir(Pandavas) was a rightful king of Indraprastha. Bhishma knew that.

Why then did he decide to fight the war from Kauravas' side?

Even when Lord Krishna supported Pandavas why did Bhishma give importance to oath over Dharma?


texts:
I vaguely remember hearing that women were cursed with menstruation or probably I read it on this site itself in some comment that I'm unable to trace now.

Were women cursed by any sage or god with menstruation?

I'm also curious to know if only earthly beings (women) were cursed or did the curse apply to women, Demigoddesses, Apsaras, demons, etc.?

What is the story of women being cursed with menstruation?


texts: Is this version of "Samnō miṭra" legitimate? What does it mean?

texts:
Shamno mitra sham varunaha

  Shamno bhavatva aryamaa

  Shamno indro brhspatih

  Shamno vishur-urukramaha.

  Namo brahmane

  Namaste Vaayuo.

  Tvameva prathyaksham brahmaasi!

  Tvaaameva, prathyaksham brahma vaadisham.

  Rtam vaadisham

  Satyama vaadisham.

  Tandmaa maavit.

  Tad-vaktaram aavit.

  Aveerna! Aavid vaktaram.

Is this version of the famous Samnō miṭra found in any of the Vedas/Upanishads.


texts: Does Moksha Dharma Parva contain this alleged quotation from it?

texts:
In an answer to the question

How were the Trimurthi born?

The following material is quoted:
'

  As Krishna says in the Shanti Parva of the Mahabharata, "The ancestors of civilization, and entities such as Shiva, were created by Me. They do not know of this because they are illusioned by My cosmic material energies."

If you follow the link given

https://nitaaiveda.com/All_Scriptures_By_Acharyas/Baladeva_Vidyabhushana/Vishnu_Sahasra_Nama/Prologue.htm

it says (it seems to be broken now)

  Note: Shrila Baladeva Vidyabhushana quotes the following verses from Mahabharata, where Krishna explains that He is the source of all living
  beings.

  prajapatim ca rudram capy
  aham eva shrijami vai
  tau hi mam na vijanito
  mama maya-vimohitau

  "The patriarchs, Shiva and others are created by Me, though they do not know that are created by Me, because they are deluded by My illusory energy."*

It is alleged to be from the Moksha Dharma Parva of the Mahabharata- where can it be found there?


texts: What predictions of Bhavisya Purana have come true yet?

texts: Bhavisya Purana mentions the future predictions including Kalki avatar. As it has more than 14000 slokas, what are the predictions among them that have come true yet?


texts: Why do some Hindu scriptures say sonless women must be abandoned?

texts:
Garuda Purana 1.115.64

  ”A barren woman shall be abandoned in the eighth year after marriage;
  a woman whose children die in infancy shall be abandoned in the ninth
  year; a woman who gives birth only to daughters shall be abandoned in
  the eleventh year and a woman who speaks unpleasant words shall be
  abandoned immediately.”

Yajnavalkya Smriti verse 73

  The liquor drinker, the diseased, the cunning, the barren, the killer
  of wealth, the unpleasant spoken, who bears female children should be
  superseded, so also (one) who hates people.

Manu Smriti 9.81

  A barren wife may be superseded in the eighth year, she whose children
  (all) die in the tenth, she who bears only daughters in the eleventh,
  but she who is quarrelsome without delay.

Narada Smriti 12.94

  Let not a husband show love to a barren woman, or to one who gives birth to female children only, or whose conduct is blamable, or who
  constantly contradicts him; if he does (have conjugal intercourse with
  her), he becomes liable to censure (himself).

Satapatha Brahmana 5.3.1.13

  And on the following day he goes to the house of a discarded (wife),
  and prepares a pap for Nirriti;–a discarded wife is one who has no
  son…hail!’ For a wife that is without a son, is possessed with
  Nirriti (destruction, calamity)…

Devi Bhagavatam 2.6.36-48

  Once while he was listening to the religious discourses of the Munis,
  he heard unmistakeably the Munis telling that the man who is sonless
  can never go to the Heavens; so he must get a son somehow or other

Devi Bhagavatam 1.4.15-27

  There is no prospect in the after birth of the sonless; never, never will Heaven be his. Without son, there is none other who can be
  of help in the next world. Thus in the Dharma S’âstras, Manu and other
  Munis declare that the man who has sons goes to Heaven and the sonless
  one can never go to Heaven. The man possessing a son is entitled to
  the Heavenly pleasures can be vividly seen, rather than imagined. The
  man with son is freed from sins; this is the word of the Vedas…


texts: Why should not we touch Tulsi and Peepal trees on Sunday?

texts: It is said that, we should not touch or give water to Tulsi or Peepal tree on Sunday. What is the reason behind it and what happens if someone does it?


texts: Is marriage preferred between the people having mars in 1st house and 2nd houses?

texts:
Is marriage preferred between the people having mars in 1st house and 2nd houses (lagna and moon kuja dosha) or persons should find the horoscope having mars in the same houses?
Is marriage suggested between the manglik and non manglik person when they perform remedies like kumbh vivah?
I read somewhere that the dosha gets cancelled when the person born on Tuesday also it gets cancelled after 28 years, is it true?
Is there any scriptures explaining all these Manglik doshas?


texts: Are Rama and Krishna anywhere mentioned in sruti?

texts: Rama and Krishna are two important gods of hinduism. Do we have any references of them from Sruti? I want direct references from Vedas but excluding upanishads since I am already aware of their references in upanishads.


texts:
The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda/Volume 2/Practical Vedanta and other lectures/Practical Vedanta: Part I:

  I have been asked many times how we can work if we do not have the passion
  which we generally feel for work. I also thought in that way years ago, but as I
  am growing older, getting more experience, I find it is not true. The less
  passion there is, the better we work. The calmer we are, the better for us, and
  the more the amount of work we can do.

In this competitive world, can we work without passion? When someone goes to sports club or choose a profession, they are being asked if they have any passion for work because it's a common belief that if you are not passionate enough about what you do then you cannot attain perfection.


texts: Has any Vedantin criticized this teaching of the Buddha?

texts:
According to Vedanta, a single self or jIva is the seat of consciousness. jIva as a single unit, is not further divisible.
Buddhism, on the other hand, does not subscribe to the doctrine of a permanent self. And in one of the suttas of Buddhism, the Buddha classifies consciousness into eye-consciousness, ear-consciousness and so on. (The Pali word used here is viññāṇa).
https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.038.than.html

"Consciousness, monks, is classified simply by the requisite condition in dependence on which it arises. Consciousness that arises in dependence on the eye & forms is classified simply as eye-consciousness. Consciousness that arises in dependence on the ear & sounds is classified simply as ear-consciousness. Consciousness that arises in dependence on the nose & aromas is classified simply as nose-consciousness. Consciousness that arises in dependence on the tongue & flavors is classified simply as tongue-consciousness. Consciousness that arises in dependence on the body & tactile sensations is classified simply as body-consciousness. Consciousness that arises in dependence on the intellect & ideas is classified simply as intellect-consciousness.
"Just as fire is classified simply by whatever requisite condition in dependence on which it burns — a fire that burns in dependence on wood is classified simply as a wood-fire, a fire that burns in dependence on wood-chips is classified simply as a wood-chip-fire; a fire that burns in dependence on grass is classified simply as a grass-fire; a fire that burns in dependence on cow-dung is classified simply as a cow-dung-fire; a fire that burns in dependence on chaff is classified simply as a chaff-fire; a fire that burns in dependence on rubbish is classified simply as a rubbish-fire — in the same way, consciousness is classified simply by the requisite condition in dependence on which it arises. Consciousness that arises in dependence on the eye & forms is classified simply as eye-consciousness. Consciousness that arises in dependence on the ear & sounds is classified simply as ear-consciousness. Consciousness that arises in dependence on the nose & aromas is classified simply as nose-consciousness. Consciousness that arises in dependence on the tongue & flavors is classified simply as tongue-consciousness. Consciousness that arises in dependence on the body & tactile sensations is classified simply as body-consciousness. Consciousness that arises in dependence on the intellect & ideas is classified simply as intellect-consciousness.

This Buddhist classification of consciousness into multiple individual consciousnesses would go against the teaching of the Vedanta, which considers consciousness as one. Moreover, for Vedanta, consciousness does not depend on eyes, ears etc.
Here is my question: Has any Vedantin criticized this Buddhist classification of consciousness into many and the dependance of consciousness on the senses? If yes, what were the arguments used to criticize Buddhism and defend the Vedantic notion of consciousness?


texts:
In Mahabaratha and Bhagavatam, Vyasa narrated the birthdays of Krishna, Duryodhana etc., using the allignment of celestial bodies, signs and tithi etc.,

We know that Satyabhama is the second most important wife of Krishna, does any text contains the birth date of the goddess?

Please refer such text


texts:
In Temples at some places there are saints or Sadhus or Babas who say they have seen GOD, there are some people who say  that GOD has entered their body.

I have seen one incident myself : when the Baba say that GOD has
entered their  body, they (Babas) wobble their body and head. Some say that Goddess has arrived and She is performing these acts (Mata ayi hai). Is this possible that some GOD can enter in human body
and annotate messages OR is this just a fake? Because this is happening
from long time in Hinduism and can be seen even today in
villages. What is truth here?
The disease of Chechak (Small pox I guess) is also said to be related to Devi Mata. Is their any story or incident regarding it?


texts:
When a river gets pushkaram, I see many people leaving deepam at holy rivers.

What are the known ways to worship a river?
Why do they do it?


texts: Is Lord Aniruddha mentioned anywhere in Shruti?

texts:
We know that Vāsudeva, Saṅkarṣaṇa, Pradyumna and Aniruddha are the names of the quadruple expansion of the Supreme Lord Vishnu. We also know that they are described in many verses in Smriti literature like Puranas, Mahabharata, Pancaratra scriptures, etc.

But are they mentioned anywhere in Shruti? I'm specifically interested to know whether one of them, Lord Aniruddha, is mentioned anywhere in Shruti.


texts: What do the Nyaya Sutras say about the existence of God? Does it believe in the existence of God or deny it?


texts: What scriptures describe laxer rules for accepting shishyas in the Kali Yuga?

texts:
The Sampradaya Parishuddhi is a work by the 13th century Sri Vaishnava Acharya Vedanta Desikan defending the flawless nature of the Sri Vaishnava Sampradayam.  He discusses many incidents in Sri Vaishnava history, including how Yamunacharya, aka Alavandar, was reformed.  In his youth Yamunacharya, grandson of the Sri Vaishnava Acharya Nathamuni, became king of half the Pandya empire, and he spent a large part as king.  But then Manakkal Nambi, who was Nathamuni’s shishya’s shishya, used various tactics to rekindle Yamunacharya’s interest in Sri Vaishnavism, until Yamunacharya became Manakkal Nambi’s shishya.  Now the question arises, why did Manakkal Nambi seek out Yamunacharya as a shishya, when scripture says that shishyas should seek out Acharyas and not the other way around?  But Vedanta Desikan explains how Manakkal Nambi’s actions were justified:

maṇakkāl nampi āḷavantārukku neṭunāḷ paccaiyiṭṭu, oru virakālē ākāṅkaivu uṇṭākki upatēcittatu - ācārya kulattiṟkut tāmoru kiñcit kāram paṇṇukaiyilum paramācārya niyō kattaik kaṭukat talaikkaṭṭukaiyilu muṇ ṭāṉa tvaraiyālum, cirakāla-parīkṣādikaḷ vēṇṭātapaṭi “bodhanaṃ ca muhuḥ kramāta” eṉkiṟa yugadharma anusārattālum upapannam
Manakkal Nambi imparted spiritual knowledge to Alavandar in him by a device viz. supplying for a long time leaves which were used as a dish in his food. Manakkal Nambi is not inconsistent with the Sastra; because had a great eagerness to do some service to the race of his Acharya and to carry out the command of his own Acharya without any delay.  Again this is in accordance with the procedure in the Kaliyuga by which the disciple need not be subjected to any preliminary tests extending over long periods as stated in the following text: "Instruction should be given repeatedly and step by step."

I’m interested in the part in bold.  My question is, what scriptures say that Acharyas in the Kali Yuga do not need to subject their shishyas to preliminary tests extending over long periods of time?
Also, what is the “bodhanaṃ ca muhuḥ kramāta” verse from?  Is it a verse laying out the Kali Yuga rule Vedanta Desikan alludes to, or is it laying out the more restrictive rule followed in earlier Yugas,?  Do any commentaries on the Sampradaya Parishuddhi shed light on this?


texts:
Most of the saints or rishis we see are male. Are there any female saints (except devotees through Bhakti yoga)?

Why do we find female rishis only rarely? Is there any reason?
Through which yoga females can get moksha? Can they get moksha using yogas other than Karma yoga and Bhakti yoga?
Is self-realization for women easier when compared to men?


texts: What is the significance of breaking a coconut in Hindu rituals?

texts:
I have observed and even practiced the act of breaking a coconut before any Hindu ritual or before starting any auspicious deed.

It is also offered before God after breaking it. What does this signify? What makes coconut so special?

I referred this question. What is the significance of nãrikel (coconut) in pooja? but it seems like the question does not refer to the act of breaking a coconut and its significance.


texts:
Bhishma Pitamah died on Bhishma Ashtami in Kurukshetra War.

But at what tithi was bhishma pitamah born?

Please provide answer with reference


texts: Is there an online version of jayadratha-yAmala?

texts:
One of the category of tantric texts are the yAmala.granthas.

Is there an online.version of jayadrathayamala tantra ?


texts:
I heard someone say that women should not have hair open during shubha karyas, and have open (untied) hair during pitru karyas.

In South India we are thus normally following but in North women normally don't tie hair at all.

I was told Draupadi as example... keeping her hair untied, which wasn't normal.

Is there any script which supports this rule?


texts:
In the cosmological section of bhagvatam (canto 5 i think) is there a mention about,

Earth being flat ?

Earth centered system (geo-centric theory) ?


texts: Did Krishna say Karna was the stronger than him and Arjuna?

texts:
I heard a story about Barbareek, a warrior from the south that could kill both sides of the Kurukshetra war with 2 arrows. In the story Krishna realising he is too great of a warrior tricks him into beheading himself.
That only left Karna, as a stronger warrior, stronger than even Indra and Krishna.
Where in Mahabharata does he admit that?


texts:
It is known that Krishna, Narada etc., are married Naishtika Brahmacharis.

Is rama a Naishtika Brahmachari?


texts: Why did Rāma kill Śambūka? And is Rāma justified in killing him without a second chance?

texts:
In Uttara-kāṇḍa of Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, we see Vālmīki narrate the story of Śambūka.

Questions:

Why did Rāma kill Śambūka? Is it because Śambūka was a śūdra or is it because he was doing tapasya for the wrong reasons? Were śūdras not allowed to become a ṛṣi?
And is Rāma justified in killing him without a dialogue or a second chance? Why didn't he just imprison him? What was the need to eliminate Śambūka altogether?

PS. This question is similar to: Why did Lord Rama give a second chance to Ravana, but not to Vali?


texts: Why the word Pancha Bhoota conflicts with Good spirit vs. Bad spirit

texts:
In Hindu religion, we have separate Gods for the five prime elements of nature (land, water, air, ether or sky and fire) as described in wikipedia.

'Bhoota' means a ghost. 'Pancha' means the number 5. So 'Pancha Bhoota' represents God or good spirit.

Here is what I want to know: Why a good spirit like God is represented by 'bhoota' (ghost or bad spirit). In the wikipedia reference 'bhoota' means elements. Why do we have so many meanings for the single word bhoota.


texts: Significant devotion of Gunaseela Maharishi

texts: What is the great achievement by this maharishi? How the God appeared before him and what the God asked him to do?


texts: What are some scriptures that talk about maha kalpa?

texts:
Title says all, but here is some things that I want to know

Which loka will survive after maha tandav (pralaya)?
Bramha will die but what about lord vishnu and shiva (and sakti)? It means both of them will never merge into supreme brahman?
Will any jivas survive who live in adobe of vishnu or somewhere else?
And the most important, what we know about past/future of maha kalpa?
Will all(We have multiverse concept) universe destroy?

It's fine if individual answer it based on scripture. And it's also fine if you put anything about maha kalpa which can help me to increase my knowledge about that.


texts: In which Kalpa did Markendya's story take place?

texts: We had read about the sage Markendaya story where Lord Shiva saves the 16-year old boy from Yama and blessed him with immortality. Do we have any reference to which Kalpa, Mahayuga, Manvantra it happened? The Markendaya through intense devotion won over death due to grace of Shiva.


texts: How would one break a curse in Hinduism?

texts: Within the context of Hinduism, how would one break a curse?


texts: Shiva is the god of Destruction,Vishnu is the god of preservation and Brahma is the god of creation.Durga is the goddess of power,Lakshmi is the goddess of wealth and Sarawati is the goddess of wisdom.In addition to that,Ganesha is the god of success and Skanda is the god of war.What about Ayypappa and Hanuman?


texts:
I'm trying to become spiritual in the way of Hinduism. But I don't know how to start.
I have few questions:

What scriptures to read that focus on spirituality?
What is the definition of spirituality in Hinduism?
How to become spiritual according to Hinduism?


texts: Why does Manusmriti prohibit going near trees at night?

texts:
Manusmriti 4:73:- Let him not enter a walled village or
  house except by the gate, and by night let him keep away from trees.

I don't understand why Manusmriti talks about this unnecessary law. What's wrong happen with trees during the night? Modern science says that as plants release CO2 during the night, we should not go near them. Is this the same reason behind the Manusmriti verse or is there any mythological explanation for this?


texts: What was Krishna's opinion on inter-caste marriage?

texts: This is a specific question. Please do not quote Smriti Shastras. I want to know what Krishna said about inter-caste marriage in Bhagavad Gita. Was he in favour of it? Or did he criticize it?


texts: Is it true that one can not convert to Hinduism from any other religion or vice versa?

texts: One of my friends told me that you are either born as a Hindu or not. You cannot convert from any other religion to Hinduism or the other way round. Is something of that sort mentioned in the Vedas or any other religious text?


texts: Why cows are given so much importance in Vedas?

texts:
Vedas are said to be voice of God so should be universally true, should be true for all times,  and true from the perspective of every region/country/person. But almost half of Atharava Veda and a significant portion of others are devoted only to cows.

I want to ask does not giving so much consideration towards cows gives it a more regional perspective? i.e. does it not make Vedas look more like a commonly accepted set of social norms which ancient Indians devised to live peacefully and with prosperity rather than it being a universal voice of infinite God?

Also how is this relevant in current times? when we have advanced from primary activities of animal rearing to more sophisticated ones of digitized world? Now if someone would be to write Vedas by hearing voice of God, would they still hear the same voice?


texts: Why is omm used before every mantra to please lord? e.g. Why is omm used before namoh bhagawate rudraya. i understand the latter words like namoh = namaste/bow, bhagawate = bhagawan, rudraya = rudra. but reason of using omm? As I've understood omm represents the sound of universe, sound of god himself, vibration frequency which is somehow related to everything don't know how.


texts: What is the symbolic meaning of the multiple serpent heads of Sheshanaga?

texts: Vishnu rests on the body of Sheshanaga and Sheshanaga like Paramahansa rests on the ocean of bliss known as Prakriti. His being is depicted as having 5 or 7 or 1000 serpents. What is the symbolic meanings of these multiple serpent heads?


texts: Where is it written that Kshatriyas are eligible to eat meat?

texts: I have often heard from many people that Kshatriyas are allowed to partake non-vegetarian food. Some people who believe Sri Rama took meat (this is due to certain controversial verses present in the Valmiki Ramayana) defend Him by using the argument that Kshatriyas are allowed to consume meat. Do any scriptures allow Kshatriyas to consume non-vegetarian food?


texts: Are any Sri Vaishnava commentaries of the Isha Upanishad available online?

texts:
As I discuss in this question, the Isha Upanishad has a special property that other Upanishads don't: it's part of the actual Samhitas of the Vedas, i.e. the part of the Vedas whose verses were heard directly from the gods.  (It's the 40th Adyaya of the Shukla Yajur Veda.) So while other Upanishads are just philosophical teachings designed to clarify the meaning of the Vedic verses, the verses of the Isha Upanishad are of divine origin.

Now proponents of the Vedanta school of Hinduism don't generally write commentaries on the hymns of the Vedic Samhitas, but they make an exception in this case because the Isha Upanishad is still an Upanishad.  The Isha Upanishad is only 18 verses long, but it has been the subject of voluminous commentary.   For instance, here is a commentary by Adi Shankaracharya, a proponent of Advaita Vedanta (a philosophy where the Jivatma or individual soul is identical to Parmatma or the divine soul).  And here is a commentary by Madhvacharya, proponent of Dvaita Vedanta (a philosophy where Jivatma and Paramatma are totally different).  And here is even a commentary by Bhaktivedanta Prabhupada, who believes in Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's philosophy of Achintya Bheda Abheda (inconceivable unity and difference between Jivatma and Paramatma).

But my question is, what about the other major school of Vedanta, Visitadvaita Vedanta, the philosophy of the Sri Vaishnava sect of Hinduism (of which I'm a member), according to which Jivatmas are distinct parts of Parmatma but Paramatma extends beyond them?  Are there any Sri Vaishnava commentaries on the Isha Upanishad available online in English?

Ramanujacharya, the figure most prominently associated with Visistadvaita, doesn't seem to have written any commentaries on the Isha Upanishad, but two other Sri Vaishnavas did.  The Sri Vaishnava philosopher Vedanta Desikan wrote a commentary on it, which is there in this book and this book, but is it available online anywhere?  A Sri Vaishnava Acharya named Koora Narayana also wrote a commentary on it, available online here in Sanskrit.  But are there any English translations of it?


texts: Why is present Kalpa named as Sweta-Varaha Kalpa?

texts:
Sweta-Varaha as the name refers White-Boar. But the Varaha avatar of Lord Vishnu which lifted the earth from waters was of dark-blue complexion. Varaha avatar which killed Hiranyaksha was also dark blue.

Here are some statements from scriptures:

Harivamsa Parva of Mahabharata:

  “Having a colour, similar to that of a dark blue rain cloud, with a sound similar to the thunder of a rain cloud, with a body similar to that of a huge mountain, with his fang shining like the white island”. [Harivamsa Parva 3.34.31]

Vishnu Purana:

  “The mighty boar, whose eyes were like the lotus, and whose body, vast as the Níla mountain, was of the dark colour of the lotus leaves, uplifted upon his ample tusks the earth from the lowest regions”. [Vishnu Purana 1.04.26]

Srimad Bhagvata Purana:

  Then the Lord, playing like an elephant, suspended the earth on the edge of His curved white tusks. He assumed a bluish complexion like that of a tamala tree, and thus the sages, headed by Brahma, could understand Him to be the Supreme Personality of Godhead and offered respectful obeisances unto the Lord. [Srimad Bhagavatam 3.13.33]

Varaha which killed Hiranyakshya was also of dark blue colour as stated here:

  “The slayer of asuras, sparkled with the conch and chakra (wheel) like a dark blue rain bearing cloud sparkles between the sun and the moon”. [Harivamsa Parva 3.39.14]

Then why is the Present Kalpa named Sweta-Varaha Kalpa? Why was it named so? It denotes which event ?

[Note: the name kalpa before 5 Kalpas from present Kalpa was Varaha Kalpa]


texts:
Many Hindu Gods and Goddesses are often associated with animals : Shiva with the bull, Durga with the lion, Vishnu with the eagle etc.
Which of them is associated with the raven?


texts: How the followers of different Vaishnava sampradayas consider the stories of Vishnu tricking Tulasi and Vrinda?

texts: How do Vaishnavas explain these stories of Vishnu tricking Vrinda and Tulasi. I am not asking how the act is justified, rather the beliefs of Vaishnavas regarding these stories(ie whether they consider them as interpolations with proofs or any deep meanings).


texts: Is Shankaracharya's Advaita Vedanta philosophy compatible with Vaishnavism?

texts: There are many schools of thought like VisistAdvaita, Achintya Bheda Abheda and Dvaita which are followed by different sects of Vaishnavites. Most of these Vaishnava sects seem to be very critical of Advaita as they see it alien to their beliefs. However, I am a Vaishnava myself and attracted to Advaita Vedanta. Can I be both an Advaitin and Vaishnava?


texts: Looking for the Stuti (verses that praise) of Vedas and Upanishads

texts:
We know that the Vedas are considered most basic and important scripture of Hinduism. Vedas are believed to be words from Ishvara (अपौरुषेय). And the Upanishads are the part of Vedas which are full of spiritual knowledge and are known as Vedanta.

So, I am looking for praises (स्तुति) to Vedas & Upanishads which may have been composed by sages.


texts: Who is offering prayers in Isha Upanishad and to whom?

texts:
From the last few mantras in Isha Upanishad, it is clear that all mantras are offered as a prayer?

Who is praying and to whom?


texts: Why does world start to fall apart and burn because of one's tapasya?

texts:
Why does world start to fall apart and burn when one does intense tapasya? For instance,there's a story of Succhi in Yoga Vasistha who continues intense tapas for thousands of years so that Bhagawan Indra starts noticing her when the world starts to burn up because of her intense tapas.

  इति वर्षसहस्राणि साकरोद्दारुणं तपः । सप्तसप्तमहालोकसंतापकरमुन्मुखी
  ॥ २७ ॥
  3.72.27 She continued for many thousand years in her austere devotion, to the great astonishment of fourteen (seven + seven) worlds, that got affrighted at her austerities.

  तस्याः कल्पाग्निभीमेन तपसा हि महागिरिः । बभूव तेन ज्वलितो जज्वालेव
  ततो जगत् ॥ २८ ॥ 3.72.28 The great mountain was set in a blaze, by the
  fervour of her devotion; and that flame spread to all the worlds, like
  the blaze of a portentous meteor.

Source


texts: Charity to someone married girl after puberty

texts:
Rishi Markandeya says below when listing 16 types of futile charities:

The gift to one that has married a girl after the accession of puberty, to females, to one that sports with snakes, and to one that is employed in menial offices, is also in vain.

The highlighted part is saying if one marries a girl after she reaches puberty, that man becomes ineligible from receiving charity? Are there any other scriptures which support this?
Charity to females also is strange one.
Or, these are another translation issues?


texts: What is the concept or History behind Shakti Ganapati?

texts:
Shakti Ganapati is a concept wherein Ganesha is accompanied along with Shakti.

There are some modern temples especially in Southern India, which attribute Shakti as wife of Ganapati.

Even, the deity has Shakti (sitting on the left thigh of Vinayaka, i.e. Vama bhaga, which is normally attributed to place where wife is associated).

So, is there any proof in the Puranas regarding Shakti to be consort of Ganapati or Ganesha?


texts: As per my knowledge, according to the concepts of Karma if you be bad (sinful) in your life you'll be reincarnated or if you be good you'll be going to heaven. So bad men will undergo rebirth, then who's going to hell?


texts: How do you find out your Ishta-Deva (personal deity)?

texts:
I've heard that the Ishta-Deva is pre-decided for each person.

How do you know who your Ishta-Deva is?


texts: How is the gotra of an orphan determined?

texts: One of the important tradition in Hinduism is the Gotra. Usually marriage is not performed between two persons belonging to the same Gotra. Does this have anything to do with biological relationship ? What happens when someone is adopted as a baby and the parents are not known ? Does the baby accept the Gotra of the adopted father ? What about persons who don't know their Gotra but who otherwise have spiritual masters. Is there any fall back system or method ?


texts: Is it possible to cure diseases by accumulating good karma?

texts:
Everything that happens to us is due to good or bad karma.
If we hurt people we will get bad karma and we might suffer due to it.
So if someone got a disease(for example cancer) she might have done something wrong in her life(bad karma).
Now she if she does good karma(like feeding the poor) she will get good karma.
Will that good karma cure her cancer without any medications or therapy?


texts: Why Kalki Avatar will come at the end of the yuga not in between like all other Avatars of Vishnu?

texts:
As there are 4 Yugas.

How many Avatars in each yuga? Why different in number of Avatars?

Why only one avatar in Kali Yug?

Like lord Rama and lord Krishna have come in between of those Yugas. But why Kalki Avatar will come at the end?

It is said that whenever Papa increases then an Avatar comes to restore the Dharma. And now also in Kali Yug many Papa are done by many Ravana and Kansas from each family. In Ramayan there was only one Sita was abducted by one Ravan, in Kali Yug also many Sita are there who are abducted by many Ravans.

so Is it not the time for Vishnu to take an Avatar to restore the Dharma?

If Kalki Avatar comes at the end of Kali Yug and start of Satya Yug and no people of Kali Yug will have experience with this Avatar, then can we say Kalki is not an Avatar of Kali Yug but of Satya Yug And no Avatars in Kaliyuga?


texts:
In chapter 3 of the Taittiriya Upanishad, the koshas are said to be Brahman. But aren't the koshas also Maya, given their suffixes (eg "manomaya")?
Also, aren't the koshas anatman?


texts: What are the causes of losing prana-pratishtha in a deity?

texts: What are the list of causes of losing prana-pratishtha in a deity according to scriptures? Can somebody remove prana-pratishtha purposely in a respectful manner?


texts: What are the Nyaya-Vaisheshika arguments against sound as a vibration of air?

texts:
As I discuss in this question, by far the most popular school of Hindu philosophy is the Vedanta school. But there are five other Astika or orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy: Purva Mimamsa, Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, and Vaisheshika. My question is about the Nyaya school and the Vaishesika school.  In contrast to the Purva Mimamsa school, which believed just as modern science does that sound is a vibration of air, the Nyaya school and the Vaishesika schools believed that sound was a phenomenon of Akasha or space, not a phenomenon of air. Here's what B.N. Seal says in this excerpt from the book "The Positive Background of Hindu Sociology"

  The early Nyaya writers hold that the sound wave has its substrate in Akasha and not Vayu. Later writers add that sound itself is a phenomenon not to be conceived as a mode of motion, for Akasha, the substrate is, in the Nyaya view, incapable of motion.  At the same time, the propagation of sound must be conceived on the analogy of waves in water Udyotakara in the Vartika, Vachaspati in the Tatparyyatika, and Jayanta in the Nyaya-Manjari controvert the three views current in the Mimansa school,— (1) that Nada, the physical basis of audible sound, is a specific quality of Vayu (air), (2) that sound in its physical aspect, is constituted by a series of air movements of the nature of a current, and (3) that it is not air currents but air waves, series of conjunctions and disjunctions of the air particles or molecules, that constitute the Nada, the sound physical, to which, in the case of significant sounds, the Mimansakas assign the function of manifesting the sphota, 'transcendental ' or 'intelligible' sound. — Against these views, the early Nyaya Doctors maintain that sound is a specific quality of Akasha (ether) and not of Vayu (air). At the same time, they admit that the impact which originates the sound phenomenon in Akasha does so by setting up a vibration in the molecules of the object struck, and that these vibrating molecules impinge against the air molecules in contacts. In other words, though Akasha is the substrate, the efficient cause of sound is to be found in the mechanical impact of vibrating molecules of sonorous bodies against contiguous molecules of air. As to the propagation of sound, the early Nyaya-Vaishesika writers content themselves with stating that the first sound thus produced in the substrate Akasha by the impact of the vibrating molecules against the contiguous molecules of air, produces a second sound in the contiguous Akasha, and the second sound, a third, and so on, in the same way as waves are generated in water, until the last sound sets up a vibration in the ear-drum. Of course, this propagation of sound-wave in Akasha is effected by means of the air-wave as its vehicle. This is the Nyaya-Vaiseshika hypothesis of an independent sound-wave.

My question is, what are the arguments of the Nyaya and Vausheshika schools for sound being a phenomenon of Akasha rather than air?  I would check the three Nyaya works mentioned, namely Udyotakara's Nyaya Vartika, Vachaspati Mishra's Tatparya Tika, and Jayanta Bhatta's Nyaya Manjari, but so far as I can tell none of those works have been translated into English.

Note that I'm not looking for scientific speculation, I'm just interested in what arguments are given in Nyaya and Vaisheshika works.


texts: Why Ganga-snan(bath in Ganga) remove all sin that you have done?

texts: I know that there is very well known ritual called Ganga-snan in north-east Indian states and Bangladesh. It is said that If you bath in river Ganga, then all sin that you have done, are removed. But why? Because all human must suffer his karmaphala according to his/her karma. No one are above from this. And also in astrology, no one can change his destiny/bhagya. Then why this ritual is so well known? Why?


texts: What do Hindu scriptures say about Hindu temples?

texts:
Yes or No Questions:

Do Hindu scriptures say that we should build temples? (Yes | No)
If I go to Lord Shiva's and Lord Hanuman's temple, but I also have the deities at home temple (puja mandir), can I ignore going to the public temple? Is it necessary to visit a (public) temple which has "Pran Pratishtha" instead of the normal temple at home where we pray and worship God but God goes away after worshiping? (Yes | No)
Are there any rules for home and public temples? If yes, what are they? Are the rules same for both or different based on the category?
Is it necessary for a Hindu to visit a temple at least once a day? (Yes | No)
Did Hindu scriptures originate temples or is it the people (Brahmins/devotees)? (Scripture | People)

Question Requiring Explanation:

I am interested in knowing what Hindu scriptures say about temples, I was not able to find out myself so can someone please share from any written content?


texts:
According to Annamayya Telugu Movie, Lord Venkateswara sends his sword NANDAKA to take birth as Tallapaka Annamacharya to compose Telugu songs for Him, at request of Padmavathi Devi. I know Sudarshana Chakra (discus), Gadha (mace) and conch but never heard about his sword.

Do any Puranas mention about Vishnu's sword Nandaka?
What's the story of Vishnu's sword Nandaka?
Is it mentioned in any scriptures that Annamayya (Tallapaka Annamacharya) was an avatar of Nandaka?


texts: Why Lord Krishna saved Arjuna from Vaishnava Astra?

texts:
In mahabhartha arjuna was told to be saved from Vaishnava astra by Lord Krishna.
A warrior named Bhagadatta used this astra against Arjuna, as Lord krishna stood up and the astra turned into a garland and fell on Lord Krishna.MY QUESTION :
As Arjuna had Brahmastra, Brahmahasisthra, and the Pashupatastra (Special) why didn't he used it to stop it ?
Is Vaishnava Astra Powerful than Pashupatastra or Brahmastra which made Lord krishna to stop it ?


texts: How can I find and purchase the Vedas in original Sanskrit?

texts: I am looking to purchase a hardcover copy of the Vedas, in original Sanskrit. Ideally I would like to get a critical text, which includes variant readings. I'm not sure what I should be googling. All I can find are English translations of excerpts from the Vedas, but I'm looking for the whole thing


texts: Vaisheshik does not consider Shabda as pramana, then how they hold veda as valid and reliable source for knowledge

texts:
1) Vaiśeṣika epistemology considered only "pratyakṣa" (perception) and "anumāna" (inference) as reliable means of valid knowledge

reference:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaisheshika#Epistemology
http://preview.ibb.co/bZN29k/image.jpg
Who believes in 10 Pramanas?

2) Vaiśeṣika school and Buddhism both consider their respective scriptures as indisputable and valid means to knowledge, the difference being that the scriptures held to be a valid and reliable source by Vaiśeṣikas were the Vedas.
reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaisheshika

Now my question is that when they do not consider Shabda as pramana, then how  Vaisheshika considers Veda as valid and reliable source of knowledge?


texts: What's the Sri Vaishnava stand on non vegetarianism?

texts: What is the stand of Sri Vaishnava parampara/sampradaya on non vegetarianism? Would like to know from a traditional and scriptural perspective, from a traditional Sri Vaishnava.


texts: Is it possible to take birth in a different species(i.e supernatural beings)

texts:
Atharva Veda 12.1.50.
Ye gandharvA apasarso ye chArAyAh kimidinah, pishAchAn sarvA rakshaushi, tAnasmad bhume yAvaya.

Earth, drive away from us, Gandharvas, Apsaras, Arayas, Kimidins, Pishachas and all Rakshasas.

So can one(human) take birth as a Gandharvas, Apsaras, Arayas, Kimidins, Pishachas and all Rakshasas.
And what kind of karma(good or bad) should one do to attain such birth.


texts: Unknown creature mentioned in the Hindu mythology?

texts:
Mahabharata mentions the Timingila and Makara as being deep within the ocean, along with other huge sea creatures:

  timingilah kacchapasca tatha timi timingilah
     makarascatra drsyante jale magna ivadrayah

  “There were seen Timingilas, tortoises, Timi-timingilas and Makaras, that were like great rocks submerged in the water.” (Mahabharata, Vana Parva. 168.3)

Here what does the Makara mean?

Are these type of Sea creatures mentioned in scriptures like Mahabharata and Ramayana?


texts: Why yoga discourages cold water bath in the morning but many hindus do it as a part of their devotion/purification?

texts: Texts like Gherenda Samhita discourage activities like fasting, taking bath in the morning, long travel(pilgrimage) etc which are in opposition with what other worships recommend. Why is that?


texts:
I have recently taken some particular interest in how avatars are depicted.

I see Rama is almost always depicted in Gouravarna or in any humane color with bright aura behind.
But Krishna almost always in blue color.

I heard krishna was little dark colored(Hence name krishna), but why depict him in blue?


texts: When did Rama (Ramayan) first meet Hanuman?

texts: In Ramayana Hanuman is one of the main characters. When did Rama first meet Hanuman?


texts:
Third eye activation is just so hair-raising to me.

How is it related to Hinduism?
How long does it take for third eye activation and does it cause any harm in any case?
Has anyone personally experienced? When does one realize the activation of the third eye, what are the indications?


texts: Is heaven (savarglok) a physical thing or it is just metaphorical

texts:
There are many scholar who say that heaven is physical but there many scholar that says heaven is metaphorical. Which is correct.

|AV 12.3.26||
From heaven they come, they visit earth, and rising from earth unite themselves with air's mid-region, Purified, excellent, they with shine in beauty. Thus may they lead us to the world of Svarga.

18 Thus speak these Gods to thee, O son of Iḷā: As death hath verily got thee for his subject, Thy sons shall serve the Gods with their oblation, and thou, moreover, shalt rejoice in Svarga.RV 10.95.18

These verse indicate that the savarglok is physical.
So why many scholar say it is metaphor.


texts: What are some old temples dedicated to parshuram?

texts: What are some old temples dedicated to parshuram,temples before medieval era will be appreciated.


texts: Where can I read the Ishvaragitabhashya of Vijnanabhiksu online in English?

texts:
I would like to read the Ishvaragitabhashya, Vijnanabhiksu's commentary on the Ishvara Gita online, in English. Can anyone provide me the relevant link or PDF for it?

The interesting thing about this commentary is that its the only commentary written by a Vaishnava on the Ishvara Gita since Vaishnavas usually reject Ishvara Gita (as it downplays the importance of the Bhagavad Gita and shows Shiva as the supreme God instead of Shree Krishna).


texts: Why do the vedas have hymns to worship demi gods (Agni, Indra, etc) but gita say not to worship demigods?

texts:
अग्ने पवस्व स्वपा अस्मे वर्चस्सुवीर्यम् । दधद्रयिं मयि पोषम् ।।
O Agni, The God of true deeds! Give us righteous valor and splendor of mind. Give to me Your riches and Your sustenance. - Rigveda 9.66.2
अग्न आ याहि वीतये गृणानो हव्यदात्ये । नि होता सति्स बहिर्षि ।।
O Agni! Come, accept our offerings. You are the One to whom we sing our songs. Convey our offerings to the Gods. You are the Priest for whom we have prepared the seat in our hearts.
पोषं रयीणामरिष्टिं तनूनां स्वाद् मानं वाच: सुदिनत्वमह्वाम् ।।
It’s broad meaning is:
O Indra! Give us the highest of riches, the skill and knowledge for action. Give us well-being and the vigor of vitality to our limbs. Protect us against injury. May we become sweet of speech and may our days be days that are full of light.

Source: Rigveda 2.22.6

Not just this but there are many hymn that are dedicated to demi gods.
But in gita Shri krishna says:

BG 7.20: Those whose knowledge has been carried away by material desires surrender to the celestial gods. Following their own nature, they worship the devatās, practicing rituals meant to propitiate these celestial personalities.
BG 7.23: But the fruit gained by these people of small understanding is perishable. Those who worship the celestial gods go to the celestial abodes, while my devotees come to me.

Is Shri krishna indicating that people who only follow vedas can never achieve moksha?
Is Shri krishna indirectly rejecting vedas?
Actually my real question is why is Shri krishna opposing the vedas. That is my real question?


texts: Did Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu also write a Shivashtakam?

texts:
I have seen in atleast three places saying that he has written a Shivashtakam (apart from the one by Sri Adi Shankaracharya).
1. backtogodhead (cites the source "Recorded in Murari Gupta’s Sri Caitanya Carita Mahakavya") 2. saivism.net
3. hindupedia.com

But Srila Prabhupada, in Teachings of Lord Chaitanya, says -

  "Although Lord Caitanya was widely renowned as a scholar in His youth, He left only eight verses, called Śikṣāṣṭaka.”

This Shivashtakam is different from the popular one which starts from "Prabhum Prananaatham..." by Adi Shankaracharya.

EDIT : I have found the Murari Gupta's Sri Chaitanya Carita Mahakavya here - Where can I get the complete English translations of the Sri Krishna Chaitanya Charitamritam & Sri Chaitanya Charitamritam Mahakavyam? . The link is http://www.krishnapath.org/Library/Goswami-books/Murari-Gupta/Murari_Gupta_Sri_Krsna_Caitanya_Carita_Maha_Kavya.pdf . If someone could locate the Shivashtakam here, as cited in backtogodhead.in, it would be a great favour.


texts: What's the story of Shri Krishna becoming Cuckoo bird to meet Lord Shani?

texts:
There's a temple in Uttar Pradesh named Shri Shani Mandir Kokilavan.
The popular story behind it being:

During the stay of Shri Krishna in the Gokula, Shani Deva was desperate to meet his ishta or tutelary Shri Krishna in his bālarūpama (बाल रूप ) or his Child form. But, since Shani deva possessed a "Vakrī dṛṣṭi" i.e., a destructive vision energy, the minor conjectured details of which I discuss in this question, thus Shri Krishna wasn't willing to meet Shani deva in his usual humanized form. Thus Krishna assumed the form of a Kokila or Koyala (कोकिल/कोयल)i.e., a Cuckoo bird, and requested Shani to not even come inside the Village (as that might be inauspicious for the whole village, since Shani being of malefic nature). Lord Krishna assuming the Cuckoo bird form flied out of the village and met Shani deva outside the village periphery.

The place where this meeting happened is posited as the present day setting for the above mentioned, Shri Shani Mandir Kokilavan temple.
So, what's the authentic scriptural sources for this story?
Also, why Shri Krishna be hesitant to meet Shani-deva, in his original form? Considering he's a God (even though if in a human form) himself? Was it one of his human "leela" or pastimes?


texts: What's the difference between the Popular, Long and Short versions of the Mahā-Mṛtyunjaya Mantra in terms of usage, benefits and theology?

texts:
I have come across three variations of Mahā-Mṛtyunjaya Mantra. One is the Popular Version, then there is a Long Version and the other is called as the Short Version.
Here goes,
"Popular Version" of Mahā-Mṛtyunjaya Mantra:

ॐ त्र्य॑म्बकं यजामहे सु॒गन्धिं॑ पुष्टि॒वर्ध॑नम् ।
उ॒र्वा॒रु॒कमि॑व॒ बन्ध॑नान् मृ॒त्योर्मु॑क्षीय॒ माऽमृता॑॑त् ।।
oṃ tryámbakaṃ yajāmahe sughandhíṃ puṣṭivardhánam ।
urvārukam iva bandhánān mṛtyor mukṣīya māmṛtāt ॥

The longer version (संपूर्ण मंत्र), annotates one line each both in the beginning and the end of the Popular Version:

ॐ हौं जूं सः ॐ भूर्भुवः स्वः।
ॐ त्र्य॑म्बकं यजामहे सु॒गन्धिं॑ पुष्टि॒वर्ध॑नम् ।
उ॒र्वा॒रु॒कमि॑व॒ बन्ध॑नान् मृ॒त्योर्मु॑क्षीय॒ माऽमृता॑॑त् ।
ॐ स्वः भुवः भूः ॐ सः जूं हौं ॐ ।
oṃ hauṃ jūṃ saḥ oṃ bhūrbhuvaḥ svaḥ ।
oṃ tryámbakaṃ yajāmahe sughandhíṃ puṣṭivardhánam ।
urvārukam iva bandhánān mṛtyor mukṣīya māmṛtāt ।
oṃ svaḥ bhuvaḥ bhūḥ oṃ saḥ jūṃ hauṃ ।

There's another version called the Short Mṛtyunjaya Mantra (लघु मृत्युंजय मंत्र):

ॐ जूं स माम् पालय पालय स: जूं ॐ ।
oṃ jūṃ sa mām pālaya pālaya sa: jūṃ oṃ ।

Question - Please provide the scriptural references for all the three versions of the Mantra, which scriptures have these? Furthermore, please explain the difference in usages of these three versions in terms of theology, benefits, and associated rituals.


texts: Is there a second to me? Are you (seperate from me) real?

texts:
Atma is one no doubt, but the people around me also have the same athma and the rest of individuality left in them is jada.

My question is

Does the person reading this question have any separate existence from ME?
"If I am the Atma, how am I able to perceive the universe through million billion people simultaneously?
AM I really perceiving it or are others just not real, just characters in my dream?
" Is my idea of others having individuality a wrong notion?
Is not my neighbor's liberation my own liberation because, atma is one? ( Or)
Is my neighbor inexistent to me as he or she is just a character in my dream?
Using the example of dream how can a single character in the dream get liberated?
Would that not end the universe as the dreamer has got up?


texts: Which scripture is the source of the verse "kalau śūdra sambhavaḥ"?

texts: "kalau śūdra sambhavaḥ" means all humans are Shudras in Kali Yuga. Which scriptures are the source of this verse? Is this found in Bhagavata Purana?


texts: What was the true reason behind the practice of Child Marriage?

texts:
In our country  Child marriages were done in Hinduism at Large Level and still continuing in a small level.
Many people were against this child marriage with scientific basis that it is Bad and  was Banned by the government thinking that it is illegal to their Law.

MY QUESTION :

Why our Anscestors followed this practice of child marriage ?
What was the True Reason Behind Child Marriage as said in our scriptures ?


texts: According to any scripture, is the process of reincarnation within Samsara always intra-galactic (the self stays on Earth and reincarnates as people or animals), or are there any texts which could be interpreted that the self, possibly, reincarnates upon other worlds? And, are there any verses which may support the idea that there are "higher" and "lower" worlds, other than Earth, which reflect the sum of the dharma of its inhabitants?


texts: Does the narrator of Ramayana appear in Ramayana?

texts: I believe Vyasa appears in Mahabharata.  Is there anything like that in Ramayana?


texts: Is sitting on a camel in a dream inauspicious?

texts:
Currently I am reading Sundara Kanda of Valmiki Ramayana. In this kanda, there is a sarga/chapter named Trijata Swapnam meaning the dream of the ogre Trijata. She narrates her dream to other ogres and says that she has seen bad omens about Ravana, Kumbhakarna, Indrajeet and Lanka. She says that she has seen good omens about Shree Rama, Lakshmana and Vibheeshana. This dream shows good omens to Sita and bad omens to the entire Rakshasa kula.

But I have a doubt about this shloka in the sarga. The shloka in that sarga is as follows:

  वराहेण दशग्रीवः शिंशुमारेण चेन्द्रजित् ||
  उष्ट्रेण कुम्भकर्णश्च प्रयाता दक्षिणां दिशम्

  Ravana by a pig, Indrajit by a porpoise, Kumbhakarna by a camel set out in southern direction.

We can understand that the pig is not considered as auspicious as it is filthy.

But why is the camel considered to be an inauspicious being? If it is so, then why did Hanuman is said as ushtraroodha meaning one with camel as mount in Hanumat sooktam? As Valmiki Ramayana is authentic, no doubting it. But who is the author of Hanumat sooktam?


texts: Is it allowed to eat non vegetarian food while doing Raja Yoga?

texts:
In the chapter II : THE FIRST STEPS of Raja-Yoga non-killing is one of the requirement of Yama step

Râja-Yoga is divided into eight steps. The first is Yama —
non-killing, truthfulness, non-stealing, continence, and non-receiving
of any gifts. Next is Niyama — cleanliness, contentment, austerity,
study, and self-surrender to God. Then comes Âsana, or posture;
Prânâyâma, or control of Prâna; Pratyâhâra, or restraint of the senses
from their objects; Dhâranâ, or fixing the mind on a spot; Dhyâna, or
meditation; and Samâdhi, or superconsciousness. The Yama and Niyama,
as we see, are moral trainings; without these as the basis no practice
of Yoga will succeed. As these two become established, the Yogi will
begin to realise the fruits of his practice; without these it will
never bear fruit. A Yogi must not think of injuring anyone, by
thought, word, or deed. Mercy shall not be for men alone, but shall go
beyond, and embrace the whole world.

Does it mean a person should avoid non vegetarian food to be successful in Raja Yoga? Although the above statements  support it but I found no explicit statements of avoiding non vegetarian food.


texts: Clarification about Kunti's statement on harlot

texts:
This answer says that

"Swairini (heanton)" means "Unbound" & Harlot means "prostitute".

As per Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva of Mahabharata:

The celebrated Pandu, tempted by the desire of having more children
wished to speak again unto his wedded wife (for invoking some other
god).
But Kunti addressed him, saying,
'The wise do not sanction a fourth
delivery even in a season of distress. The woman having intercourse
with four different men is called a Swairini (heanton), while she
having intercourse with five becometh a harlot. Therefore, O learned
one, as thou art well-acquainted with the scripture on this subject,
why dost thou, beguiled by desire of offspring, tell me so in seeming
forgetfulness of the ordinance?'"

Note: In this Hindi translation, it seems that Kunti is referring about having sons from different men as words "is vidhi ke dvara" are used. Also, there seems no limit of having only three or four sons as per scriptures. Many women had more than three/four sons. For example, Rukmini had more than 3/4 sons: Pradyumna, Charudeshna, Sudesna, Charudeha, Sucharu, Charugupta, Bhadracharu, Charuchandra, Vicharu and Charu.
But the count was already five :

Surya
Pandu
Dharma
Vayu
Indra

I think no reference is needed for last three because Kunti must have referred them. Also, Pandu was cursed later, so he must have been in the list of four men whom Kunti referred else he must have given the reason to Kunti about his request of producing more children from other gods.
And here is the reference for Surya:

The god Vivaswat (Sun) approaching her, said, 'Here I am, O black-eyed girl! Tell me what I am to do for thee.'
"Hearing this, Kunti said, 'O slayer of foes, a certain Brahamana gave me this formula of invocation as a boon, and, O lord, I have summoned thee only to test its efficacy. For this offence I bow to thee. A woman, whatever be her offence, always deserveth pardon.'
Surya (Sun) replied, 'I know that Durvasa hath granted this boon. But cast off thy fears, timid maiden, and grant me thy embraces. Amiable one, my approach cannot be futile; it must bear fruit. Thou hast summoned me, and if it be for nothing, it shall certainly be regarded as thy transgression.'
"Vaisampayana continued, 'Vivaswat thus spoke unto her many things with a view to allay her fears, but, O Bharata, the amiable maiden, from modesty and fear of her relatives, consented not to grant his request.
And, O bull of Bharata's race, Arka addressed her again and said, 'O princess, for my sake, it shall not be sinful for thee to grant my wish.' Thus speaking unto the daughter of Kuntibhoja, the illustrious Tapana--the illuminator of the universe--gratified his wish. And of this connection there was immediately born a son known all over the world as Karna accountred with natural armour and with face brightened by ear-rings. -Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva of Mahabharata

Then why didn't Kunti say this statement before Arjuna's birth?
One possible reason that seems logical is:

And after the birth of this child (Karna), the illustrious Tapana (Surya) granted unto
Pritha (birth name of Kunti) her maidenhood and ascended to heaven. -Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva of Mahabharata

This seems logical because this was the very reason which proved Karna's statement on Draupadi false and made him villain as Draupadi was blessed to gain her virginity.
Is there any other reason for which Kunti didn't include Surya?
Or as mentioned in this comment of Keshav Srinivasan "I think it's posssible Pandu never had intercourse, and that she only had intercourse with Surya, Yama, Indra, and Vayu."
Is it true that Pandu never had intercourse with Kunti? If so, was Pandu aware of that Karna was son of Kunti and Surya?


texts:
One of the early movements that was important to the development of Vaishnavism was the ancient Pancharatra movement, whose sacred texts or Agamas consisted of detailed procedures to worship the sage Narayana, an ancient incarnation of Vishnu. Since the Pancharatra Agamas originated from Narayana himself, they're followed by pretty much all mainstream Vaishnavas today.

The first time I came across the word 'Pancharatra' was in case of Narada Pancharatra.

Every subsequent time I came across this word I thought Pancharatra refers to Narada Pancharatra. Basically, I had this idea that there is one scripture; Narada Pancharatra just like any other scripture.

As I went through different questions on this site and this wiki page; I realised that Pancharatra is not a single scripture.

So the question is;

What are the different Pancharatra texts (I read that there are around 200 of them); please mention the principal ones.
What is the basis to classify a text as a Pancharatra text?
Ex. Bhagavad-Geeta is classified as Pancharatra text. What could be the reason to refer Geeta as a Pancharatra text?


texts: I've been chanting durgasaptashati using a format widely prevalent in Kerala.  In the Argala stotram shadanga nyasa portion it is given as 'am gam lam ithyadi shadanga nyasa'(अं गं ळं  इत्यादि षडङ्ग न्यासः, അം ഗം ളം ഇത്യാദി ഷഡംഗ ന്യാസ : ).  It would be of great help if any body can provide the beeja manthras for this.  I am familiar with the nyasa mudras.  I only need  the beeja manthras.


texts: Did the armies in Ramayana and Mahabharata have medical corps?

texts: I am not talking about Hanuman bringing the Sanjivani herb.  Were there regular doctors attached to these armies and how did they treat the injured?


texts: Why is the population so high in Kali yuga?

texts: It is said that one gets the human form after collecting a lot of good karma, then how the population has increased to such? As it is Kali yuga and good is very scanty and will go down even further as time goes by, number of human beings should be decreasing day by day.


texts:
Just like there are some known conditions to be satisfied for being a sanyasi, paramahamsa, etc., are there some checklists of requirements to be completed, for someone to be called  a "Goswami"? Like - Goswami Tulsidãsa.
Or Is it just a surname with no religious connotations found in the scriptures?


texts:
I am practicing the mantra "om namo vagawate rudrays" this days, but although i feel the peace inside after chanting them for few minutes like 15-20 minutes with full devotion. My mind keeps asking myself, how is this possible that god named rudra can hear my chanting? As i have understood till now gods are some kind of instrument to reach the devine or fulfill some material desires, or some kind of natural forces.

But my question is how does this unconcious things listen to someones chanting? are gods concious beings who can hear someones prayer? What is the logic or this is just a belief?


texts: What are sat Sandarbhas? What is the content of each sandarbha?

texts: What are sad Sandarbhas? What is the content of each Sandarbha? What is the autocommentary on Sat Sandarbhas about?


texts: Where can I find the audio of Hari Sankara stotra by Adi shankaracharya?

texts: I'm looking for the audio pronunciation of Hari Sankara Stotra .


texts: Conflict between Bhagwad Gita & Garuda Puran regarding the Atma/Soul

texts:
In Bhagwad gita, Lord Shri Krishna said that

  Our soul/spirit is so small even smallar then the size of an atom. We cannot see, harm, or kill it and it is immortal.

But Garuda Purana explains about all kinds of punishments given to us after death depending upon our deeds performed in our life span, before the next birth.

So there is a conflict if the size of the spirit is smaller than the atom, then how it is possible to give these kind of punishments? like roasting in hot oil tank by Yama, Kinkaras etc.


texts: Has any Asura or Rakshasa destroyed a city with an Astra, like the Brahmastra?

texts:
It is recorded in the Puranas and Itihasas that Krishna and Shiva destroyed some cities, like Kashi and Tripura respectively, with astras and other celestial weapons.

My question is, has any Asura (Daitya or Danava) or Rakshasa destroyed a city with an Astra, like the Brahmastra?

Note, that I'm talking about complete obliteration of a city using a celestial weapon, and not mere sacking, pillaging, and burning of a city, which the Asuras and Rakshasas have done countless times.


texts: Can we listen to Rudra sukta if yajnopaveet is not done?

texts: See, here i am not talking about chanting but listening. I belong to Kshatriya Varna by birth, but haven't done Yajnopaveet yet as no one in our family has done. So, can i just listen to rudra sukta of yajurveda?


texts: How to find defect in a Shiva linga or a Vigraham or a Shaligram

texts: I started performing Shiva pooja of the family pooja which was carried forward from great-grand father to grand father to father to mother and now me.  Are there any experts, priests who can see defects in the Shiva linga, Shaligram and other idols which may bring negative energies?


texts: Shree Ganesha and Sweet Dumplings (मोदक)?

texts:
Why Shree Ganesha  Or Shree Ganapati likes Sweet Dumplings or Modaka (मोदक) so much.?

Which are the sanskrit Scriptures from Puranas denoting this favourite food of Shree Ganesha?


texts: Bhagya Suktam and translation in English

texts:
Bhagya is a Sanskrit word which  means Destiny or Fortune, usually Blessed Destiny.

The origins of this Sanskrit word can be found in the Vedas.

Bhaga is referred to as a God who gifts Truth to a human being and guides the person towards Bliss.

It is understood that there is a Suktam by the name Bhagya Suktam in the Vedas.

What is Bhagya Suktam? What are the verses in Sanskrit? What is the translation in English?


texts:
Is there any eye who is watching us continuously and keeping record of our what we did?

I want to know about any written thing in Vedas and any story about this.


texts:
During the final stages of the great war, between Lord Sri Rama(and army consisting of brother Lakshmana and vanaras) and Ravana( and his demon soldiers), Ravana could foresee his final defeat at the hands of Lord Sri Rama. Ravana addressed his demon soldiers and told them about his fears. And during that address Ravana mentioned about a curse that he had received from Ikshvaku king Anaranya:-

  Rama the son of Dasaratha is the man I think of whom Anaranya born of Ikshvaku dynasty formerly spoke, saying: 'O, the worst of demons, the worst of your race and the wretched one! In my race will be born a man who will slay you in battle with your sons, ministers, army, horses and charioteer."

Shlokas 6-60-8,and 9.

Ikshvaku was the first king who executed the Manusmrti or religious rules of Hindu living which were composed by his father Manu. Ikshvaku, ruled as Monarch at the beginning of the Satya Yuga or First Yuga.

King Anaranya (also Anena) was the third Ikshvaku king after king Ikshvaku.And king Dasharatha and Sri Rama, were the 60th and 61st respectively. So apparently,Ravana attacked king Anaranya,a long long time ago.

Did Ravana attack subsequent Ikshvaku kings after king Anaranya? Did Ravana ever attack the Ikshvaku king Dasharatha?


texts: Why is lord Ganesha worshipped first before any puja?

texts:
I've seen that Hindus worship lord Ganesha before starting any puja (act of worship) or important task.

I've also seen people worshipping lord Ganesha before they start off with marriage proceedings, and on marriage invitation cards.

They also keep idols of lord Ganesha in their cars, home entrances, etc....

So why do they always worship lord Ganesha before they go to start off with some good/important tasks?


texts: It is said that shabar mantras are very powerful and give quick results. So, do they have any side effects also?


texts:
why is universe is illusion as per adhvaita. If it is illusion then how can   all of us are seeing the same universe. For ex: if I am seeing an object in front of me so that does not mean that I am only seeing it, all those who are side by me are also seeing that same object, then how come it is illusion.

That means all human brings are illutioning the same object at any point of time?

I know the moment I see a moving object now will become past in next moment. Same way with universe, that a person seeing now will disappear after that person's death, so thats why it is illusion?


texts: Physical characteristics of Murthi in Tirumala?

texts:
Good day.

What are the physical characteristics of the Murthi in Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala that is similar to other gods such as Shiva, Shakti, Vishnu, Surya, Skanda and Ganapati.

For example, some say that kati and varada hastam represent Skanda.

I need this information for an article that I'm preparing.

Thanks


texts: Are there any mantras or sadhanas that enable one to remember the current birth in the next birth?

texts: How can we ensure remembrance of all knowledge gained in current birth in the next birth if moksha is not achieved?


texts:
We heard about saptarishi in almost every purana. They are always present in every story. As per my knowledge Saptarishi is a kind of post/designation in which candidates change from time to time.

In this page of wiki different saptarishis at different time have been shown. But I want to know if Saptarishi is even present in today's time (current kali yuga) also? If yes, then where are they possibly be living?

I heard about seven/eight immortals in hinduism (Hanuman, Parshurama, Vibhishan etc) But Saptarishis are not present in that list of immortals. This simply means Saptarishis are not immortal I guess. Does that mean Saptarishis don't exist in Kali yuga? Because how long possibly a human can live if he is not immortal..

Why in other yugas Saptarishis were there but not in current yuga? So Saptarishis really exist in current Kali yuga or not? If yes then where and if no then why?


texts: How can Brahman be the 'Anga-jyoti' of Sri Krishna?

texts:
The followers of Bhagavan Sri Chaitanya describes Brahman as the Aura or 'Anga-jyoti' of Sri Krishna.
But according to our scriptures, Brahman is beyond mind and to be realised by the Self losing the Triputi-veda.
So how come it is described as jyoti, which keeps the difference between the seer and the seen?


texts: How anything will be decided as because of bad karma or good karma?

texts:
Assume there are two persons and both are destined to loss their money and should become beggers.
One of them has weak mentality and he was not able to bear and he became sad and is completely disappointed.
Other person is opposite and is a sportive person and he did not even think of it as bad luck and just enjoyed his life.
Does that mean only first person consumed his karma or both? If a person strongly behaves that he can forget his bad luck, then how Karma will become basis for Hinduism?


texts: Why is this line " Worshipping thy lotus feet " present in all puranas?

texts:
Be it shiva purana or Bhagavadam , the praises for most of the gods begin with similar kind of line like

  O Brahmins! I bow down to the gentle lotus feet, known in the three
  Lokas, of the Devî Bhagavatî, praised by Brahmâ and the other devas
  Visnu, Mahes’a and others

Why does feet of gods/goddess gets special attention for their worship in puranas ? what is the story or significance behind it, does it mean we have to worship them by remembering their feet ? instead of their face.


texts: Why doesn't the description of Godavari river match with what the shastras tell us?

texts:
The story of the origination of Gautami Ganga is written in Varaha Purana, adhaya 71 as:

  Gautama muni asked Lord Shiva for Ganga. Once he received Ganga, Gautama muni poured ganga jal on top of a dead cow and the cow arose. The place where this event took place is called Gautami Ganga or Godavari Ganga.

Matsya Purana, adhaya 22, shloka 58-59:

  In Godavari river, our ancestors are known as Apsaroyuga.

Apsaroyuga is known as Apsaro, which flows from Kal (Shiva) Pokhari towards Gautamitat (intersection of Barun and Arun river). There is no river that flows towards Gautamitat coming from current Godavari.

Brahma Purana, adhaya 78, shloka 77:

  Godavari and Bhagirathi originate south and north respectively in Bindagiri from the same mountain.

The current Bhagirathi originates in Himalayan range and Godavari is in Maharashtra. They both do not form from the same mountain.

Brahma Purana, adhaya 89, shloka 38-45:

  Arun river (known as Tapi in the shloka) and Yamuna (Barun river) intersect at a place called Gautami Ganga (Gautamitat).

Our current Godavari river is in Maharashtra. But this doesn't match with what the shastras tell us. So where is Godavari?

Note: I do not wish to offend anyone regarding my question. Our current thirthas are as holy regardless of their authenticity and I respect their location. Being a Hindu, I would never disrespect any thirtha just because they do not match with shastras. Many thirthas have changed locations and this is why I try to find their original location. Sorry if I have offended anybody.


texts: Is the mahamrityunjaya mantra the same mantra given by Shiva to Shukracharya to revive the dead?

texts: Shukracharya apparently asked that the Asuras to be compensated for being cheated out of Amrita and after his austerities Shiva gave him the mrita sanjivani mantra.  Is it the same as the Mahamrityunjaya mantra?


texts: Are all the things people do already declared by Brahma Bhagwan

texts:
So my question is that some people says that everything you do is written in your hastharekha by Brahma. So if everything we do is written by Brahma Bhagwan then why there is Swarga and Naraka?  I mean if I do good things I will go to Swarga and if I do bad things I will go to Naraka. Whereas it is not in our hand what we will be doing because it is prewritten.
So why do people says that don't do bad things God is watching. Whereas it is not in our hand that we will do bad or good things in our upcoming future.
So I am in doubt that all the things we do whether they are already written or are all the things we do our own?


texts: Chanting Mantra for variety of Pooja's on different gods

texts: While doing the Festival Pooja in home, I am always Chanting the mantra Vishnu Sahasranamam while doing Arathi for all festivals. Hence Could someone please help me to learn mantras for different types of festivals like, Ganesh Chaturthi, Diwali Festival, Pongal Festival (Surya God's), Pradosham and Skandha shasti etc...


texts: Scriptural references for Hanumāna Jyotish

texts:
I came across this book, Hanumāna Jyotish ( हनुमान ज्योतिष ) which has been compiled by various astrologers under several different publications and all of them, supposedly attributes the original authorship to Lord Hanuman.
Here's two of the screenshots of the said book, just for reference purposes :-

I could not find any English translation for this but basically here's the summarised English translation of the hindi translation that has been provided in the book:-

Lord Rāma, during his stay at the ṛṣyamūka mountain (ऋष्यमूक
पर्वत), asks Lord Hanumāna on his learnings from the Sun God ( सूर्य-
नारायण)

Lord Hanumāna answers - he learnt all the vedic and scripture
knowledge. Amongst all of them, the treatise on Jyotish (ज्योतिष) is the one that
fulfills all desires and wishes, thus if he (Lord Rāma) be pleased so
might [Lord Hanumāna] request something?

So my question is on the references and exact source of this variety of astrology ( ज्योतिष)? Does it have any basis in any of the Indian scriptures?


texts: Source of the Ganesha shloka, "Srikantho Mathulo Yasya"

texts:
What is the source of the Ganesha shloka, "Srikantho Mathulo Yasya, Jananee Sarva Mangalaa, Janakaha Sankaro Devaha, Tam Vande' Kunjaraananam"?

श्रीकान्तो मातुलो यस्य
जननी सर्वमंगला।
जनकः शंकरो देवः
तम् वन्दे कुंजराननम्॥

Meaning of shloka: The Lord, for whom Lord Vishnu, the husband of Lakshmi is the uncle, whose mother is the all auspicious one, Parvati and whose father is Lord Shiva; I offer salutations to Sri Ganesha, the elephant faced.