texts: What is the purpose of Bitcoin timestamps

texts:
Why do we even need timestamps on the blocks?

Has it something to do with the consensus?


texts: What and where is the easiest way to convert bitcoin back to cash without showing ID?

texts: so im thinking about purchasing a big bitcoin miner, but the question now is how do i convert my BTC back to cash? I don't feel safe giving out my info to mtgox or other exchanges as they require identification. So what is the easiest way without having to go through a bunch of steps to conver it back to USD?


texts: Why does Steem fail to peg Steam Dollar to the U.S dollar?

texts:
According to their whitepaper,

  Steem Dollars were designed as an attempt to bring
  stability to the world of cryptocurrency and to the individuals who use the Steem network.

Unlike its purpose, however, I can see that it has severely fluctuated in recent months especially between last Dec and this Jan like most other alternative coins from CoinMarketCap.

I guess it's cause it has been able to be traded in some exchanges like UPbit for some reason outside of Steem ecosystem so it has lost control of Steam Dollar even with the help or responsibility of their witness (but I've never traded crypto currencies before so am not sure whether it's possible to trade Steam Dollar on that exchange).

Do you have any other opinion?


texts: What can a person do with special private keys?

texts:
The Alert message in the Standard Client will only be displayed if it is signed with a correct ECDSA private key. Should anyone get that private key, they would be able to propagate any alert through the Bitcoin network, possibly causing some harm.

What can a person achieve with special private keys in regards to the Standard Client and anything directly related to it, and moreover, what public key / address are known to correspond to such keys? (For example, a preferable answer would be "With key X and Y one can do Z")


texts: Is there a working, functional, maintained way to accept bitcoins through a Wordpress site to an Electrum wallet?

texts: I know that there is the Bitcoin Payments for WooCommerce, but it hasn't been updated in over and year and doesn't support the latest version of Electrum MPK.  It only supports Electrum 1.9.8 MPK.


texts: Can pruned nodes perform fee estimation?

texts: The fee estimation in Bitcoin Core is based on the previous blocks. Since the minimum pruning size for pruned nodes is 550 MB, a pruned node may actually not have the last 1,000 blocks, which is the largest fee estimation interval. Can a pruned node perform its own fee estimation? Does it only have estimates for smaller block targets when it has less history?


texts: What factors determine how long confirmation takes?

texts:
Simple question...

What are all the factors (all of them!) that determine how much time X number of confirmations of a transaction takes?


texts:
On Bitfinex under Lending it has a check box for FRR and FRR Delta
What do these option do? (Flash Return Rate)


texts: Error sending SegWit transaction: error code: -26 using bitcoin-cli


texts:
I've been told by many people that bitcoins are fully legal to use as currency, but not legal to convert to USD and use as US currency.

Is this true? If so, what references back this up? If not, what references deny it?


texts:
Let's say two miners created 2 different blocks and broadcast them into the network. Now some clients see blockchain 1 and other blockchain 2 which are different from each other.
I would like to understand technically as possible how in the end the majority of clients will continue with only single chain and the other be abandoned?
Why will they choose one over the other?
I would like to believe this is done automatically by the clients / miners without human touch, only by some kind of coded logic. That logic is what I'm after.

Related question: What happens to extinct blockchains, and transactions inside of them?


texts: Is there a website widget or javascript library that turns any Bitcoin address into a clickable widget?

texts: Was wondering is there a javascript widget or library that turns any BTC address on a website into a popup QR code on hover?


texts: Cannot obtain a lock - Already deleted lock file

texts: I am trying to open Bitcoin Core of "Cannot obtain a lock on C:User/App..." I deleted the lock. file like previously suggested but cannot find a solution after that! If I reinstall will I loose the Bitcoins sent to me or can I use the same address but on an online wallet and will it receive the coins? Thanks for the help!


texts: What are seeds in the source code of bitcoin?

texts:
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/chainparams.cpp

starting from line 132, I see the function vSeeds.emplace_back("seed.bitcoin.") and next to them there are real full names. What do seeds do? What are these lines for? What is the meaning of those names? Can someone give a technical detail please?


texts: Are usual raw BTC and BCH transactions differ? Can I make BCH transaction with bx?

texts:
Is it possible to create raw BCH transaction with bx tool, just like I do it with usual bitcoin transactions?

If they are, I suppose it only takes to broadcast it in BCH network?


texts: How to recover an electrum wallet from seed

texts: A service I used some years ago is shutting down. I withdrew some coin but it went to an old address. I believe it was my old electrum wallet that I only have the seed for. How to recover my bitcoin?


texts:
I'm fairly new to bitcoin and mining and am currently using a very restrictive ISP(port forwarding is not permitted). Therefore, it is not possible to connect to the bitcoin network(port 8333 is blocked). I also have a work station, in a different network, which doesn't share the above limitation.
I am using ubuntu 12.04 and went for the OpenVPN package. I can connect to the remote machine but don't know how to route mining traffic through it. Also, I don't want to delegate mining tasks to the remote box as it is a low end machine.
Is mining through a VPN tunnel possible in this context?


texts: How to configure Bitcoin core running on Whonix to receive inbounds

texts:
I'm running a bitcoin full node on Whonix. The problem is I get zero inbound connection (11 outbound). I know I can do port forwarding and open the desired port to receive inbound connections. Now, When I run getnetworkinfo I get the below massage:
"   {
"name": "ipv4",
"limited": false,
"reachable": true,
"proxy": "",
"proxy_randomize_credentials": false
},
{
"name": "ipv6",
"limited": false,
"reachable": true,
"proxy": "",
"proxy_randomize_credentials": false
},
{
"name": "onion",
"limited": false,
"reachable": true,
"proxy": "x.x.x.x:9050",
"proxy_randomize_credentials": true
}
" where x.x.x.x is my the IP address.
When I open the port 9050 I still get no inbounds (neither when I opened 8333)! Any idea how to resolve this issue.
Update: I ran the netstat -antlp and I got this:
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8333            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN

what does it mean?


texts: I live in Nigeria,probably a third world market. This would be the first in this region. Would like to strongly promote this exchange Inot these parts of Africa. Please help.


texts: I found a folder called: bitcoin-0.3.22 How do I open it?

texts:
I would really appreciate if you could explain how do I open a folder called: bitcoin-0.3.22
I am no dev so please be gentle with the instructions :)
I used to buy BTC back in 2011 and I believe I sold them all but now when i found this folder i thought it wouldn't hurt to see what's in it.
Is it even a wallet?
Your help is much appreciated


texts: Possible to check who signed the transaction in a multi-sig transaction case?

texts:
Say you have a multi-sig tx that originated from a 2-of-3 P2SH address.

Is it possible to say who signed the transaction? i.e. you can get access to the redeem script once the tx is broadcasted, and thus you have access to all 3 public keys that generated the 2-of-3 P2SH address. Arguably you can identify which public keys signed the transaction?

If yes, then how?


texts:
Possible Duplicate:
  How to debug a long “0/unconfirmed” status in the bitcoin client?

I have sent a transaction to btc-e and 3 Hours later still no love

I thought there was 6 new blocks per hour.

They say they will recognise the transaction after only 3 confirmations

I would have thought theoretically that it should be ~1 hour tops


texts: Is that proved that breaking ECDSA as hard as solving ECDLP?

texts: Is that proved that breaking ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm) as hard as solving ECDLP(Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem)?


texts: In Bitcoin core 0.21 which command replaces getaccountaddress

texts:
In Bitcoin core 0.21, which command replaces getaccountaddress?
Is there any way to get the same data as getaccountaddress in 0.21?


texts:
Merkle path is always appeared in many examples relevant with verification of transaction. but they never explain how merkle path is generated.

So, I was wondering that how merkle path is generated.

I think that there are two parts.

Finding a block that contains requested transaction.
Construct a merkle path using merkle tree that full-node has already.

But I have no idea about second part. what is the mechanism of second part?

Sorry for my English.


texts:
Is there a plan in place for when the inevitable 32-bit overflow of Unix timestamps occurs?

How much will this impact existing blocks that are timestamped with Unix Epoch times?


texts: Use same Electrum wallet file for new purchases of Bitcoin?

texts:
I used Electrum before the August 2017 Bitcoin fork.  Now, I understand that I own both Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash with the same keys.

I'm in no hurry to access my Bitcoin Cash.  However, I would like to buy some more Bitcoin and transfer it into Electrum.  When I do, should I create a new Electrum wallet file?  What happens if I transfer Bitcoin into my old Electrum wallet?  Will it screw up my Bitcoin Cash or get mixed up with Bitcoin Cash?

I assume that a new Electrum wallet file will support the new Bitcoin (after the fork).  Now, they're talking about another fork into Bitcoin Gold.  Is Electrum's wallet the best to use in anticipation of another fork?


texts: To sign raw transaction with Segwit Address in the TestNet

texts:
I am using Bitcoin core 0.14.1 testnet. I created a Segwit address. transfer some coins to this address. Now I want to spend it. I created a raw transaction using console command i.e. createrawtransaction. Now I want to sign it. I tried using usual way i.e
signrawtransaction 'hex_got_from_rawtx' '[{"txid":"","vout": index,"scriptPubkey":"","redeemScript":""}]' '["Private_key_of_address_used_in_segwit_address"]'
I am getting the error is: "witness program hash mismatch"
Any idea how can I get rid of it?


texts:
getnewaddress "" bech32 generates a P2WPKH address (e.g. tb1qw508d6qejxtdg4y5r3zarvary0c5xw7kxpjzsx).

How can I generate a P2WSH address (e.g. tb1qrp33g0q5c5txsp9arysrx4k6zdkfs4nce4xj0gdcccefvpysxf3q0sl5k7)?


texts: Can I do a replay attack to spend my testnet bitcoin on the mainnet?

texts:
I think it would be possible to create a legitimate seeming transaction on the Bitcoin testnet that the Bitcoin mainnet would accept.

I've read a bit about the ETC replay attacks, and it seems like it would be impossible, since there was never any hard fork to create testnet.

https://medium.com/@timonrapp/how-to-deal-with-the-ethereum-replay-attack-3fd44074a6d8

But I'm not sure about this. Has anyone successfully done it?

Do you know a good reason why it 100% would not work?


texts:
Is there a bitcoin trading exchange that supports puts and calls?

Thanks!


texts:
In Advanced/Trade tab there is a "BTC/XRP" box, and a "change issuer" link.
I have no clue what should I do to post any buy or sell:

I can freely modify the exchange currencies, and only USD/XRP shows me an order form
it has a ripple address near "base currency" / "change issuer", so I guess this means that that address somehow takes care of the USD exchanges?

I'm still clueless about what am I supposed to do to either set up a Bitcoin exchange myself, or to fine an existing one, neither have any idea how this all works.


texts: Why don't cryptocurrencies create inflation if there are so many of them?

texts:
One of the advertised advantage of bitcoin is that it can't create inflation. Governments can't print more money because bitcoin is fixed at 21 million.

But how about creating other crypto currencies when 21 million bitcoins is reached? There are at least a thousand crypto currencies in existence now. Isn't that a form of inflation? You are creating more money although not of the same type.


texts: What block version is this: d9b4bef9 (decimal: 3652501241)?

texts:
I'm trying to parse the blockchain directly from the .dat files. The parser works well up until I run into these blocks, with the version appearing as "d9b4bef9" (already reversed).

What is this version, and what special rules does it have?


texts: Can ASICS in general, and specifically any of the models coming out soon merge-mine other cryptocurrencies?


texts: Do I need an app and internet on my smartphone to enable a Lamassu ATM to detect and scan my QR code?

texts:
I want to send bitcoins to a friend through a Lamassu ATM. She has emailed me her request QR code and when I went to the Lamassu ATM point, after pressing on the start button and  showing the QR code on my smartphone, nothing happens. I learned that the atm is supposed to scan the QR code and send bitcoins to the request QR code after putting in cash.
I am wondering, if I may need an app or internet on my smartphone to enable the Lamassu ATM to detect and scan the QR code on the phone screen.


texts: Using BitcoinJS - How do you verify a message using a segwit bech32 (bc1…) / P2SH (3…) addresses?

texts: I created a signature from a message using my private key. But how do I verify this signed message using my segwit addresses of 3... or bc1...? How do I verify this using the BitcoinJS library?


texts: Created receiving address in Bitcoin Core but deleted it before receiving bitcoins

texts:
I created a receiving address in Bitcoin Core, sent myself some coins from localbitcoins.com and - silly me - deleted the receiving address from Bitcoin Core.

tradeblock.com shows the transaction with a "confirmed balance" but I haven't received the coins in my wallet. Is there any way to restore the address in Bitcoin Core?

Thanks!

PS: I wasn't specific enough:

I created a "request payment" in Bitcoin Core and used the payment information address tto send coins from my localbitcoins.com account.
I deleted the "requested payments" entry in the Bitcoin Core wallet before coins were received.
Blockchain.info shows the a "total received" and a "final balance" so I presume the transaction was concluded. Yet, after 30++ hours, the coins haven't been received by my Bitcoin Core wallet.

Is the transaction somewhat hanging there because it can't find the address that I sent the coins to but deleted?

@murch: Thanks for the hint. You are correct: I know the address, the transaction appears to be confirmed on Tradeblock but the balance does not appear in my Bitcoin Core wallet (fully synced).


texts: Check which C-Lightning version I am running?

texts: Ive downloaded and unpacked the new version 0.6 but is there anyway I can check through CLI commands which version i'm running to ensure the update worked?


texts:
I often read about latency and ping.
I am programmer and I understand what latency and ping is.
But I do not understand why miner can't process block with certain delay.
Why do 10ms or 100ms matter?


texts: Might AML regulations have to be applied to unofficial currencies sites in EU?

texts:
Is there any AML regulation in EU countries which might have to be applied to unofficial currencies, such as Bitcoins?

I guess usually they only apply to state-backed currencies, but since Bitcoins can be easily exchanged for EUR, there might be some (poorly written?) law which might extend to any site allowing users to trade it, and not only to the exchanges (as it would be logic to do, instead).


texts: How much time does it take to transfer BTC into btc-e hosted wallet?

texts: If i'm buying BTC in person from someone and he sends it to my btc-e hosted wallet, how much time does it usually take to appear in the account balance? Is it like any regular transfer or are they doing some extra confirmations? Thanks!


texts: Mastering Bitcoin: Where is the checksum coming from when running bx base58check-decode?

texts:
For example, if I run bx base58check-decode with the base58 encoded private key of Kxj5ejwPg2s2ejZHW7N1zAydD4fkmFi9j19QRmgeVK9mXL3wFMmp from this example, I get the following:

{
    checksum 2274467570
    payload 2cf24dba5fb0a30e26e83b2ac5b9e29e1b161e5c1fa7425e73043362938b982401
    version 128
}

The payload, as well as the version, make sense to me; however, if I convert the checksum to a hex, it doesn't match the checksum of F29E9187 that I'm expecting, i.e., I understand how to form it per this question. But I don't understand how 2274467570 and F29E9187 are related.


texts: What is the easiest way to programmatically obtain the current USD-BTC spot price?

texts:
E.g., if I wanted to create a cron script that would grab the latest spot price every hour and store it in a local file or database, what would be the place to "scrape" that information from?

(Actually writing the script is not the problem, in my case.)


texts: All kind time of day. From the Internet I learned about Bitcoin. Decided to support this movement. Downloaded Bitcoin Core put 0.5 BTC to buy two S9. At the beginning of the habit to put password and when the time came to transfer the BTC realised that a password is forgotten. Attempts to recall were not successful. Waiting for the wise advice how to be and what to do to restore the wallet. Thanks in advance if you have understanding and support.


texts:
White paper:

"The incentive may help encourage nodes to stay honest. If a greedy attacker is able to assemble more CPU power than all the honest nodes, he would have to choose between using it to defraud people by stealing back his payments, or using it to generate new coins. He ought to find it more profitable to play by the rules, such rules that favour him with more new coins than everyone else combined, than to undermine the system and the validity of his own wealth."

Still, I've read bitcoin community is concerned with 51% attack:

http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/06/16/bitbeat-a-51-attack-what-is-it-and-could-it-happen/

Actual bitcoin implementation does or does not have incentive system as per whitepaper to discourage 51% attack?


texts: What are the differences between Bitcoin and other crypto-currencies?

texts: What is it that makes Bitcoin unique amongst crypto-currencies?  Is it just the most popular one or does it have better design aspects too?


texts: Raw transactions - SubtractFeeFromAmount flag

texts: I'm currently working on a project (I'm a beginner in the world of cryptocurrencies) where we are using Raw Transactions, I want to know if in raw transactions there's a flag similar to subtractFeeFromAmount flag that exists in the sendToAddress method.


texts: How long for wire transfer from MtGox to Australian Bank?

texts: Similar to this post but I am interested to know how long it has taken people to get paid from a withdrawal to an Australian Bank.  I had a withdrawal on 30/oct/2013, and have not received the funds yet.


texts: Complete list of merged mineable coins? SHA256 + Scrypt

texts:
mmpool.org mines these SHA256 PoW coins:

Bitcoin
Namecoin
Ixcoin
Devcoin
I0coin
Groupcoin

https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Merged_mining_specification claims that it is only used by Namecoin

Is there a complete list of merge-mineable SHA256 and/or Scrypt based PoW coins available?

Or is anyone willing to compile one?


texts: Is there a market for converting my foreign currency and coin into bitcoins?

texts: I'm a coin dealer and I have large ammounts of foreign coins (Euro, British Pounds, swiss francs, Japen Yen ect..  I was wondering if I could deposit those coins into my bitcoin account/wallet?


texts: Currently on Bitfinex 1 bitcoin = $15190 while on CEX.IO 1 bitcoin = $16800. How is it possible that there's over $1500 difference? Is this just because of market forces or is Bitfinex malfunctioning?


texts:
I saw in some places that Scrypt uses a lot of memory, therefore a good supply of system RAM is needed to hash with it. however, I saw in other places stating that is ONLY uses L2 Memory.
which one does it use?


texts: What happens to cash used to buy bitcoins?

texts:
Are there any requirements to Bitcoin exchanges [USD/EUR/etc], as to for what the [USD/EUR/etc] may be used? Or is the [USD/EUR/etc] received property of issuer of bitcoins?

Unfortunately, this is not decribed anywhere.


texts: "Failed to connect best block" error when I try to load my wallet

texts:
Everytime I try to open my wallet this error comes up. I have  shut the computer down   a few times  and  removed the wallet and reloaded it a few times too and the error keeps happening.

If you can't see the picture, it is a error message which says "failed to connect to best block"   and  it makes the wallet not open.


texts: BTC sent from Bitcoin Core on 3rd still unconfirmed (7days)

texts:
I sent some BTC from Bitcoin Core on 3rd Mar 2017 but it still shows as unconfirmed. This was my first sent transaction so I did not know much about fee which I learnt about in these past 7 days. However, th fee I sent still came out to be around 25satoshi/byte.

This is the transaction.
https://www.blocktrail.com/BTC/tx/c5e40d06de10aca9f5a8f594abbf9e198c72423177a6221ae52d514cdc2a317b

Could someone please suggest how can I get this back or through? If I get it back I will send it again with higher fee.

I researched a lot and read about double spent, zapwallettx etc. but dont understand at a level I can take risk to do it.

Could anyone please help me?


texts: I want to generate a BIP32 version number for Namecoin and other altcoins

texts:
I want to make a BIP32 wallet for Namecoin and other alt coins. I just need to figure out how to generate a a public and private version number so that the BIP32 extended key prefix is something that makes sense like "nprv" for a Namecoin private key and "npub" for a public key.

Been struggling with this one


texts:
I noticed in the bitcoin wiki script page (https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Script) that there were two opcodes named:

OP_TOALTSTACK
OP_FROMALTSTACK

It looks like there is another stack that can be used separately as a data store, simply pushing and popping data. I've never heard of this before, but it seems like a very useful feature.

Can anyone verify that this is what the alt stack is actually meant to be used for? If not for just pushing and popping data, what is it for? Do any specific use cases come to mind?


texts: How does the Lightning Network stop flooding nodes (DDoS) with micro transactions? Is this even an issue?

texts:
I'm creating a "Megathread" regarding the Lightning Network and have been fielding questions. To help obtain the correct answers with sources, I'm reaching out to the Bitcoin StackExchange.

Thank you in advance for helping the community understand more about this great technology.


texts: How can I fix corrupted encrypted wallet.dat?

texts:
My only one backup of encrypted wallet is corrupted (last time when backed it up i probably didn't shutdown bitcoin-qt), with hex editor i found in it:

mkey
ckey (117 that looks fine)

Does this enough for recovering my private keys? at least 117 of them?

How can i do this?

PS
Already tried pywallet without success:
ERROR:root:Couldn't open wallet.dat/main
Bitcoin-qt: wallet.dat corrupt, salvage failed


texts: Does an increase in hash/s decrease the time it takes to obtain a block or does it increase the possibilities of solving one?

texts: I am a total noob, and I've been reading the wiki for a long time and have yet to understand the basics... My question here is that if I were to mine at 100GH/s (example), is it guaranteed that I would find a block after a determined amount of time? Or does it just increase the possibility that I am the first to find it?


texts: what is best way to start bitcoin exchange @India

texts:
we are bunch of Full stack developer whom wants to start bitcoin trading platform @india
- with very low cost
- easy process
- easy to use
- Top most security
- super fast

tech we will use for creating platform
- nodejs
- mondodb
- vuejs


texts: Different candle positions in coins with same OCHL values

texts:
Why do candles sometimes have different positions and sizes even when the open-close-high-low are all of the same value?

For instance in one coin I saw: DigitalNote(XDN) the price has been consistent at 0.00000030 for a while, yet the candles are of different sizes.

In this image, the last two candles both have O=0.00000030 C=0.0000030 H=0.0000030 L=0.0000030

Yet somehow the candles are of different sizes.

What's going on?


texts: Does the chainstate leveldb only contain "addresses" for P2PKH and P2SH?

texts:
I'm writing a small script that will dump the utxo database to a text file. As far as I'm aware, these are the most common script patterns indicated by the type field inside each value:

e.g. value:    b98276a2ec7700cbc2986ff9aed6825920aece14aa6f5382ca5580
               <----><----><><-------------------------------------->
                /      /    \                   \
 height/coinbase  value      type                script data

0x00 = P2PKH (hash160 public key)
0x01 = P2SH  (hash160 script)
0x02 = P2PK
0x03 = P2PK
0x04 = P2PK (uncompressed)
0x05 = P2PK (uncompressed)

It seems as though the script type is there so that you only need to store the minimal amount of script data inside the database (e.g. the unique public keys and script hashes inside P2PK, P2PKH, and P2SH).

Anyway, would I be correct in assuming that you could only get an address from script types 0 and 1 (by base58 encoding the script data)?

In other words, the chainstate leveldb does not include any witness data to allow you get addresses for utxos using P2WPKH and P2WSH scripts?

EDIT: Here's the finished tool: https://github.com/in3rsha/bitcoin-utxo-dump


texts: What is the quickest way to bring a bitcoind node up handling 99% of edge cases?

texts:
Currently when syncing a bitcoind node from scratch the time of going from zero (0) to about 50% is a very fast process but somewhere between 50%-75% it slows down considerably and at 75%-85% it grinds to an almost halt.

Assuming that the blocks that are being verified during that time are what is causing the slowdown I'm wondering if there is a way to basically clone a node by still running and validating a full node but at least trusting the blocks up until some number that is far enough in the past to handle 99% of edge cases.

I know that cloning the disk is possible but transferring that to a new VPS for instance is not so looking for ways to speed up the process for everyone without sacrificing security.

Known Optimizations

Setting the dbcache to a higher value (currently using 2000 on a 4gb RAM machine which is 25% of the available RAM)


texts: Antminer U3 not detecting in cgminer nor bfgminer?

texts:
I am using windows 7. I have installed the driver successfully by zadig.

In cgminer when I open the .bat file, it just doesn't open and gets closed immediately.

When I open in bfgminer it says no device connected.

Command:

cgminer.exe -o xxx -u abc.worker -p x


texts: SegWit, Bitcoin JSON-RPC and (strange?) addresses


texts: Blockchain to store private data and ownership

texts:
As far as I know Bitcoin Blockchain can be accessed via API to enter data.
In this case I want to generate a hash/ Checksum MD5, that cannot be understood by anyone that doesn't have the private key, and store it blockchain.

Give to the client the ID of the blockchain's record where hash is stored and the private key of the hash, would be ok, to ensure the ownership, immutability, and also the privacy of the stored data (a hashed .pdf file mostly)?

Thanks!


texts: I've been going to blockchain.info frequently to check addresses, transactions, blocks, etc. But since I've already got the blockchain on my hard drive, this seems kind of pointless. Is there any software similar to blockchain.info that runs natively on Linux, and uses Bitcoin-qt/bitcoind's blockchain, and therefore doesn't require an internet connection?


texts: Why was finding a hash beginning with a certain number of zeroes chosen as the proof of work?

texts:
It seems to me that the reason the proof-of-work involves finding a hash beginning with a (temporarily) fixed number of zeroes is because one can easily check whether they have solved the problem by comparing the hash they have generated with the value 2^k, where k = (256 - # of zero bits) and doing so is a relatively inexpensive operation. Also, it is easy to make the problem arbitrarily difficult up to a certain point (as well as having the difficulty increase exponentially with the number of zeros).

Are there any other reasons for why this particular problem was chosen for the proof-of-work?


texts: If i have rpcuser and rpcpassword of a remote bitcoin server,can i transfer that server's bitcoin to other address?

texts:
I don't know if this can be done.
Thanks!


texts: Resolve BTC long mem pool (many unconfirmed tx)

texts:
I've started with Bitcoin exchange service, by creating rawtransaction and broadcast it. The problem which I must face to face is too long mempool chain (over 25 unconfirmed transaction).

Example:
64: too-long-mempool-chain

Using limitancestorcount and limitdescendantcount just resolve on local node, these late txs (transaction after first 25) must wait for a long period time to re-broadcast like this:
Transaction not found in Blockchain

Here is my testnet address has many unconfirmed txs and still pending hold, if I search on another explorer, I can't see 45 unconfirmed txs, same to getrawtransaction on node, response is No such mempool or blockchain transaction:

https://live.blockcypher.com/btc-testnet/address/mxHqrQBWuCndNaubTYUbcEVzeNPsT34TP6/

So, how can I avoid this issue, I just think few ways such as: Divide main address to few sub addresses which divides main UTXO to few UTXOs, create many-to-many transaction (currently is 1-2, 1 target and 1 changeAddress back), using high confirmation UTXO first,... Which options can bring better result and performance for a long time scaling up? Any advice is really appreciate. And last question, is there anyway to mark 1 UTXO that is used for 25 times (example I use UTXO X first, then it's returned Y, use Y is returned Z, total using X = 2, I don't have any related information to calculate it because node returns UTXO contains only txId).


texts: Can I use the official wallet to recover bitcoins sent to an alternative wallet?

texts:
I like alternative wallets like Armory and Electrum because they offer more features, some of which are fundamental for security and convenience. But I'm a bit worried about them not being "compatible", I mean you can't import an Armory wallet into Bitcoin-qt.

So what I would like to know is whether it is possible to recover my bitcoins (which if I didn't get it wrong, they are in the blockchain and could be spent with the private key) using the official wallet. For instance, the paper backup generated by Armory contains a "root key" and a "chain code". Is one of those the private key or what?


texts: Bitcoind with -txindex=1 still no mempool transactions

texts:
I'm reading through Mastering Bitcoin and trying to follow along the examples.

When I first initialized bitcoind, I set txindex=1 in my bitcoin.conf file. In a later example I was unable to getrawtransaction which failed with the error No such mempool transaction. I re-ran bitcoind with the -txindex=1 and -reindex flags, which took a few hours.

However I'm still unable to getrawtransaction, which again fails with the same error.

Have anyone experienced the same issues? Perhaps there is something else that needs to be done for this to work in v0.16.0?

Any advice would be appreciated. Thanks.

Edit 1:

~/Library/Application Support/Bitcoin/bitcoin.conf:

txindex=1

~/Library/Application Support/Bitcoin/debug.log:

Dropbox link


texts: Is Wallet softwares safe? then how verify?

texts:
Some day, I thought that there are may fraud wallet to steal bitcoin.

It is really very achieved as following:

  User should make a keypair at first time. at this time, wallet
  software can send keypair to operator's server, but user doesn't know
  absolutely about this situation unless they capture network packets using Wireshark between wallet and destination address which is forwarded by wallet.

Of course, well-known wallet software may be verified, but I think that we should be careful brandnew wallet software because they are not verified.

Okay, it was my thought so far and my question is:

Is there any software or organization that can verify whether wallet is secure or not?
If first question's answer is yes, what is the method?

Sorry for my English.


texts: If the nonce is 32 bits why the proof of it is difficult?

texts:
I want to know why mining of nonce is difficult?

The nonce is 32 bits (4294967296) and a high level Nvidia graphic card can check and mine it in a second.

why do we need a pool to mine a blockchain?


texts:
According the the Bitcoin Wiki, when importing a private key:

  Bitcoind will rescan the entire
  block data to ensure this key has not been used before.
  This process will take from one to two minutes,
  depending on your CPU performance. DO NOT abort it before finishing!

Why is this scanning necessary?  Wouldn't this prevent me from changing from one bitcoin client to another, because that would involve importing (used) private keys from the old client into the new?


texts: Cannot get BITCOIND RPC connection working on Ubuntu 12.04 or Windows 7

texts:
OK, I recently posted trying to get help connecting to BITCOIND using Ubuntu or Windows 7.

In Ubuntu (Virtual Machine under Win7 64bit) 12.04 Desktop LTS I have the following written in my BITCOIN.CONF file located in $HOME/.bitcoin :

server=1
rpcuser=hello1
rpcpassword=12345
rpcallowip=*

I run BITCOIND with following command:

./bitcoind --server --rpcuser=hello1 --rpcpassword=12345

But when I try and connect with the Ruby script (see https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=85495.msg3773215#msg3773215 ) it gives an error saying it can't connect.

Likewise, under Windows 7 I attempt the same procedure and using NIRSOFT cports app I see Bitcoin daemon is only opened under port 8333, not 833*2* as one would expect if RPC connection was active.

I've opened TCP/UDP port 8332-8333 in port forwarding of router.

What on Earth am I doing wrong here?
Why can't I connect to Bitcoin daemon via RPC?

==> BONUS QUESTION: I'm quite new to Ubuntu; how do you check open TCP ports at terminal in Ubuntu? (equivalent of netstat in windows)


texts: blockchain.info transaction timestamps set into the future

texts:
There seem to be some irregularities with Blockchain.info's transaction timestamp (aka Received Time) for a set of blocks.  The transaction times are recorded with unix timestamps well into the future (2017, 2022, 2035, etc..)

For example, here is a transaction in block 237173 with a timestamp of 2035-05-27 00:00:59.

All the blocks that have transactions with a future Received Time are as follows:

237173
237175
237180
237181
237182
237183
237184
237185
237186
237187
237188
237189
237190
237191
237192
237193
237194
237195
237196
237200
237201
237202
237210
237280
237945
237980
238008
238013
238038
238227
239127
240078
241223
260657
260819

1) Are these valid transactions?

2) If they are valid, how can I assign a valid timestamp to these transactions?  Would it be 'fair' to simply assign them the block's timestamp?

3) From what I understand about the Received Time, it represents the time that bc.info sees the transaction, so how can this this timestamp be occurring?  Is it a bug?


texts: why is BnB coin selection algorithm not enabled by default?

texts: BnB is one of the best coin selection algorithms existing and its implementation is in the Bitcoin source code. But as seen from this line: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/f72d80b07af8ecbb2f9df1e87344eb465186f19d/src/wallet/wallet.cpp#L2403 it is not enabled by default. Why is that or have I been mistaken?


texts: How to generate new wallet address per token

texts:
I'm using getnewaddress bitcoin-cli function to generate wallet addresses but i need one address per token.
Is it possible to use a parameter like seed for random numbers to get the same address when i use the same token?


texts: What happens if you send tether (USDT) to a bitcoin address?

texts:
I have both a GDAX and a Binance account. I chose to withdraw my tether and move them into GDAX into the bitcoin address. After about an hour of the transaction, it said it was complete with "10 confirmations"(the number of confirmations keep increasing). I have checked into my GDAX account however and it still shows no BTC or transaction history, whereas it shows that it is complete within Binance.

Is this transaction valid (will it work)?
If so, how much time does such a transaction normally take?


texts: Whats a site or app where I can extract a public key just by typing in a private key?

texts: I read that you are able to extract the public key address from a private key address. Is there a website or app that can do such a thing? I just want to be able to see if I can make up my own private key.


texts: Why don't we have a help for Bitcoin Core CLI options in the same way as we do for CLI commands?

texts:
There is detailed help for bitcoin-cli commands using for example:
./src/bitcoin-cli getconnectioncount help.
However, there isn't generally detailed help for bitcoin-cli options such as
./src/bitcoin-cli -netinfo help.
(Note the dash in front of netinfo with no such dash before getconnectioncount)
Is there a reason why there isn't the same help for bitcoin-cli options?
Jon Atack added on IRC:

If not is there an already planned way to add to the help doc and
would this be a good idea? For more detailed help than in
./src/bitcoin-cli -h
I was thinking it might be good to have a detailed help doc for
-netinfo either with help -netinfo or expand the existing one at
./src/bitcoin-cli -h | grep -A3 netinfo or add a doc/netinfo.md
file


texts: Has there been a big uptake of merchants accepting Bitcoin Cash?

texts: With Bitcoin Cash still relatively new (August 2017), are there any statistics available on the percentage of merchants who previously accepted Bitcoin, that now also accept Bitcoin Cash, or that switched over to accepting Bitcoin Cash instead of Bitcoin?


texts: Coinbase balance 0.00089623 BTC help to get it out!

texts: I have these satoshis won in Faucets, and I did not know that the commission was so high, it's worth more than all my work, help please !!!


texts: I need help to understand an unconfirmed transaction and 'bitcoin language'

texts:
I've had a transaction that is 58 hours home. Trough browsing this website I looke at the lock time of mine 497931 and the current lockheight is 498298. Can anyone help? Will it be done soon? I was worried there was issues with the recipient.

https://blockexplorer.com/tx/67ba33a7756226835f66d07618ffb9fa868bf05ee25b70bf9f0e2371ef1f560f

I used block explorer as someone here said it was most up to date. It also says n/a next to minining, so I'm guessing it just hasnt been mined yet and there is congestion

I need help understanding the bitcoin lanuage on these sites. The other link doesnt really answer my question


texts: I want to be able to redeem a P2SH output with a script doing a multisig but also additional checks. The scriptSig to redeem this output thus has to provide enough signatures, as well as some specific data, that is then compared to what's in the redeem script. To my understanding, a scriptSig like this cannot be constructed using signrawtransaction, but needs to be put together manually. But then it's very prone to errors... Is there still an easy way to check the correctness of this self-constructed scriptSig? Like a RPC call to the verifying function, a miner would call, when validating the transaction?


texts: Total number of Bitcoins generated by pool mining

texts:
Hi I'm doing some research regarding bitcoins and pool mining, however I couldn't find the following information online.

Total number of Bitcoins generated so far by pool mining and how many miners were involved.
Total number of Bitcoins generated per day by pool mining and number of miners involved per day.

Can somebody point me in the right direction?


texts: What is the average amount of electrical power required to complete one Bitcoin transaction?

texts:
Once a bitcoin has been mined, if I want to use it to pay for something, what is the average amount of electrical power required to process that payment or bitcoin transfer? Does this vary with the value of the transaction, and if so in what manner?

Please note that I am not asking about the electricity cost, as that would clearly depend on the location as well as what deal you've been able to strike with the power company. Hopefully the number of kWh, J, or whichever other unit happens to be convenient, will be easier to answer reasonably objectively.

Answers for any point in time during which Bitcoin has existed are acceptable, but more recent data is better. It is acceptable to exclude costs that are not actually related to the data being transferred being about bitcoins per se (for example, I see no real need to calculate how large a percentage of Internet core router traffic is for bitcoin transfers and account for that).

(I did find e.g. Energy to confirm one block? and Can it really be true that the Bitcoin system consumes almost $1.000.000 in electricity per day? as well as (on Skeptics) Does one transaction on Bitcoin require 215kWh? but all of these appear to conflate the total power usage of the Bitcoin network with the power required for a transaction using already mined Bitcoin by lumping the two together.)


texts: Would any of the current botnets be able to launch and sustain a 51% attack?

texts:
The "owners" of botnets probably runs them as businesses, meaning that they will always seek profit-optimization. Do you believe that it is a matter of time before they will seek to launch and sustain a 51% attack on Bitcoins?

If one were to achieve a 51% attack, one would probably not get any significant amount of Bitcoins exchanged into ordinary currencies, before the value of Bitcoins would plummet. Also, I believe that at the moment, there are too few merchants that accept Bitcoins, so one would not be able to order anything of significant value before merchants would react to the fraud. Do you believe that the reason why botnets have not attacked Bitcoin, is that they would not have enough to gain, or is it because they do not have enough hashing power?


texts: Accept payments on someone else's behalf without being able to spend them

texts:
TL;DR I wish to store some sort of key in my application for each vendor account that allows for my application to generate a receiving address for clients to make payments to.

I am writing some invoice software in Java that I would like to allow to use bitcoin. Basically what I want to have happen is a vendor can save some sort of key to their account details (sorta like the PayPal id and secret key) and any clients paying to that vendor via bitcoin will be given the url to pay to. I don't want this to be a middle man software in the sense that I will never have any bitcoins on my server, I won't accept payments, it only serves to give a payment address of the vendor to a client.

I am under the understanding that this would be possible using the receiving address, however it is not good to use one address for every payment so that is out of the question. I don't want a vendor to have to add a new address after every payment because that isn't at all user friendly.

So I'm wondering if there's some way I can generate addresses for the vendor on my server without holding their wallet. I have been looking at bitcoinj and it seems like there may be some way to do it, but I am quite new to bitcoin. Is that even a possibility? Is this a reasonable expectation for my application to have? If not, do I have any other options?


texts:
I was recently looking over some bitcoin specs for a friend who wants to create a miner and would like to get no less than 1 Bitcoin per month.

According to:

https://www.cryptocompare.com/mining/calculator/btc?HashingPower=107&HashingUnit=TH%2Fs&PowerConsumption=1250&CostPerkWh=0.0

I would need to generate 107Th/s googleing I have not found out what kind of hardware can generate that number.

Am I looking in the wrong place?


texts:
bitcoind is extremely slow to start (~5-20 minutes). I'm not talking about keeping up with the blockchain, that would be perfectly fine, I'm talking about an initial phase where it doesn't even respond to requests: any call to it returns "error: couldn't connect to server" (either from command line or from web).

Is it a known issue, is there a workaround?

OSX 10.6.8, bitcoind 0.7.0 (but happened with earlier versions too).


texts:
I`m thinking about building a business with a friend of mine. The business would use bitcoin as its primer currency, because we expect most of the transactions to be rather small amounts of money (1 to 5 $).

I don`t really want to go into details about the idea, but our goal is to only operate as a middleman in the market. The transactions of our business would have to happen as follows:
The user sends us a small fraction of a bitcoin and would define a time frame after which the money should get transferred to another user. From this amount we would take some % for us as profits.

The problem is, our idea would only work if there were a lot of users. And if we achieve this, it implies that we have too many transactions to handle them manually.
So my question is, how can we automatically transfer the coins after a certain time, in a professional way?
User a for example would define that he wants his money to get transferred to user b after 2 days and 1 hour. How can we do this transaction in an automated way.
And how can we store the coins securely within this time? Do they have to be online the whole time, or could we have a better solution whit cold storage in some form?
Any suggestions?

Thanks guys


texts: My question is if getaddr consists of message header and if it has some payload, possibly an addr_recv and addr_from like version message. Wiki is pretty basic on this spot.


texts: I have been reading the BitML paper.  The language compiles to another language (Balzac [which in turn compiles to Bitcoin Script]), which can do relative and absolute timelocks. Balzac can also do something that looks like an HTLC. So it looks like Balzac could encode Lightning. Can BitML also do this?


texts:
Both RBF and CPFP attempt to solve the problem of transactions not confirming because of an insufficient fee. What are the pros/cons of using one vs the other?

Are both currently functional and available for use on the bitcoin network?


texts: Trying to sync a new node and keep getting hashMerkleRoot mismatch

texts:
I've tried syncing this same MacBook Pro multiple times and it keeps stalling. The debug.log file keeps repeating the same two lines at block 275162:

2017-07-07 03:09:59 ERROR: ConnectBlock: Consensus::CheckBlock: bad-txnmrklroot, hashMerkleRoot mismatch (code 16)
2017-07-07 03:09:59 ERROR: ConnectTip(): ConnectBlock 0000000000000002373cc5cc98604fa31361a495ec20eebb54861e9f489d3336 failed

Any light on the issue would be appreciated.


texts: Is freebitco.in a legit site? This is faucet.  What is the use of faucets in bitcoin. Is it also a mining business?Please tell me more about faucets.


texts: Should you be able to insure Bitcoin the way banks insure bank accounts?

texts: If insurance for Bitcoin were available for Bitcoin losses what kind of losses would the insurance cover?


texts: How do I extract the private keys from my namecoind wallet?

texts: Seems like namecoind doesn't support the dumpprivkey command.


texts: How to build a p2sh who's scriptsig contains a Signature

texts:
I have created a P2SH address, funded it, and am attempting to move the funds with a TX.

The redeemScript for the TX requires the TX signature (OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY), but in order to create this signature, the TX preImage must be created and hashed.  However, the preImage for a P2SH contains the TX redeemScript itself...this seems to create a loop wherein this functionality is not possible.

Am I doing something incorrectly, or am I overthinking things?


texts: Optimal way for .NET programmer with no Linux/Python experience to query Blockchain and submit transactions?

texts:
I need some advice. What's the best way for a Windows/.NET developer like me to access blockchain information via a REST/RPC API ?

The server app I'm building does the following on a fairly regular basis:

(1) Looks up all transactions involving a specified Bitcoin address and takes action based on the results, and...

(2) Executes outbound transactions, where the transaction bytes are supplied as a preconfigured hex-formatted byte stream.

Here's what I'm doing now:

There's a web API called Insight. It's used by Block Explorer and documented here at https://blockexplorer.com/api-ref. This is where I'm currently pointing my app. It works really well and seems to handle everything I throw at it but I'm concerned that as my load increases (e.g. peaking at 100 queries/minute or more), at some point the site operator will cut me off.

I've tried to mitigate the problem by finding other sites that support the same API. https://insight.bitpay.com is one. https://chain.localbitcoins.com is another. I put these sites in a text file and my app calls into the API on each site in a round robin fashion.

This works. Still though, I'm now encountering errors from the sites' respective CDNs that sit in front of some of the sites -- presumably because I'm running too many queries.

What's a more scalable solution for me?

I have no problem paying a few hundred bucks per month for an AWS server to run a service on my own -- one that only I would use. I'm not exactly sure how to do this though. The Insight API I'm using now, like much of the Bitcoin world, seems geared toward the Linux/Python crowd -- not old farts like me in the Windows/.NET world. I wouldn't even know how to install it.

I also ran across the RPC API located here at https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/API_reference_(JSON-RPC). Does anyone have any feedback on it's viability? Would I basically be running my own "node" at that point? I wouldn't mind doing that if it runs on Windows 2016. My needs are simple. I'm not mining or anything like that; Just running tons of queries (max 100/min) and executing transactions (max 10/hr).

Any advice is appreciated.

Best,

Festus


texts: What value does bitcoin add to the world?

texts: I don't understand the value of bitcoin mining other than to produce value for its owners.  What product is produced for the world?  Mining for coal produces coal to be used for energy production.  Mining for precious minerals provides metals for use in products all humanity can use.  What product does bitcoin mining produce?  I originally thought these computations the bitcoin miners were doing were solving some intractable math problem needed for some scientific usage, but as best as I can tell the math is for no other purpose than to generate value for the owner.


texts: Coins sent - visualise shows coins moved on - so I didn't send to another wallet of mine?

texts:
Transaction ID:
6a1d9ab775f6b028a037deef37723fbf506947103f2c2f6e9c32149e0dffca34

I sent bitcoins in the above transaction.  I'm trying to determine if I sent to another wallet of mine, or to another person.

If I sent it to another wallet of mine, they would still be there, as I haven't spent them.

When I go to:
https://blockchain.info/tree/267511038

I see that the bitcoins have moved on to
1Lw536Fvjg6KkCeAYetn7wopF3XEWbrY9y
and
32Vh3B83zoaRUsTahWTxpmcgnNXG727u7n

I'm concluding that I didn't send the coins to another wallet, but to another person, who has spent them.

amiright?


texts:
I'm getting connection refused when I try to connect to a public testnet node.

lncli --network=testnet connect 022ff54505fe9b50ce6c3c99c645c9aab67fe91abb01504c5211045b82a09aa757@103.102.44.207:9735

Error

[lncli] rpc error: code = Unknown desc = dial tcp 103.102.44.207:9735: connect: connection refused


texts:
I used bitcoin core late in 2016. Since then i haven't used bitcoin and have huge sum in my wallet. Lately when i wanted to get them back then i was told that i need private key.

  If i installed the latest version of Bitcoin core with the same wallet
  phrase will i see that old address back with the balance

Also would like mention i don't have the old computer as i scrapped it and unfortunately no back up to. Is there anyway or am i out of luck.

  Any suggestions would be appreciated. i promise a reward to anyone who
  helps me out?

have a nice week end all of you out there. you van reach me on narenderthind@gmail.com with solution or suggestion


texts: Why is difficulty measured in a hash’s leading zeroes?

texts:
I understand how generating a SHA-256 hash containing any specified sequence requires lots of guessing and checking. The longer the specified sequence, the more rarely that it will appear.

And I understand how inserting random nonces into a block until its hash happens to begin with a certain number of 0s is a computationally expensive and ultimately random process, which demonstrates proof of work.

What I’m wondering is: why zeroes, and why leading?

Could mining work just as feasibly if the challenge were to produce a hash with, say, ends in a certain number of Fs, or has the digits 314159265358979... starting at index 32?

Or is there a technical reason why miners’ goal is to produce a hash which begins with 0s, and not any other character at any other location in the hash?


texts: The best way to keep my private keys safe?

texts: Best ways means the most reliable and robust, and meanwhile easy to access ways?


texts: Bitcoin rpc testnet balance and transaction not visible

texts:
I'm using bitcoind-0.15.0.1 version & My Wallet Address is: muweVvHKnK1bE88pUsrpSAPuWry1V1AmHZ

But whenever checking balance with following command:

bitcoin-cli getreceivedbyaddress 'muweVvHKnK1bE88pUsrpSAPuWry1V1AmHZ'

It appears to be 0.00000000, while the wallet has 0.0007 BTC stored!

Bitcoin.conf indicates I'm connected to the testnet: testnet = 1

What is the problem?


texts: Solo vs Pool mining for new crypto-currencies?

texts:
I have a not-so-good miner in terms of mining, like with CPU mining with LTC, it goes to 15 kHash/s which is pretty low.

I thought nor pool mining nor solo mining will earn me much when at this speed. But what if when mining other crypto-currencies like NVC, TRC or PPC? They have a lower difficulty level and probably would yield more in solo mining.

Simple question is that, if I want to mine them, what should I do, solo or pooled? and Why?

Also, how much time approximately will it take to mine one block of any of these at this speed?


texts:
I´m trying to import a watch-only address to my bcoin node using cli (testnet). My config looks as follows:

[....]
#
# Options
#

network: testnet

#
# Node
#

prefix: ~/.bcoin-testnet
db: leveldb
max-files: 64
cache-size: 100
[...]

entering the following command (just a random valid testnet address):

 bcoin wallet watch my7q4nhpuJ6TsevXdDnPRq1rvHcPKeGEaD

results with the following error in the debug.log:

[E:2017-08-03T08:43:02Z] (node) Network mismatch for address.
AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Network mismatch for address.
at Wallet.importAddress [as _importAddress] ([...]/.nvm/versions/node/v8.2.1/lib/node_modules/bcoin/lib/wallet/wallet.js:1310:3)
at Wallet.importAddress ([...]/.nvm/versions/node/v8.2.1/lib/node_modules/bcoin/lib/wallet/wallet.js:1284:23)
at <anonymous>
at process._tickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:188:7)
[E:2017-08-03T08:43:02Z] (node) This socket is closed
Error: This socket is closed
at Socket._writeGeneric (net.js:721:18)
at Socket._write (net.js:781:8)
at doWrite (_stream_writable.js:371:12)
at clearBuffer (_stream_writable.js:497:7)
at Socket.Writable.uncork (_stream_writable.js:297:7)
at connectionCorkNT (_http_outgoing.js:695:8)
at _combinedTickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:135:11)
at process._tickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:180:9)

The error occurs, no matter what address I try to import. Does anyone have an idea on how to solve this?


texts: Where can I find the current fee level for LTC?

texts:
I'm currently working on something that needs to estimate the fee for Litecoin transactions. Where can I find an overview of the Litecoin fee market?

The Litecoin wiki on Fees has been last updated in Nov 2015.
The Litecoin client used to specify a flat fee rate of 100,000 litoshi/kB until about two weeks ago, which appears to have been replaced with a dust limit of 100,000, and a new default minimum of 1,000 for block inclusion.

Is there an overview where I can learn how fees work today in Litecoin?


texts: How should I encrypt a bip39 mnemonic with a password?

texts:
With no server and only in the browser I'm generating an a bip39 key and giving the user the mnemonic to store some place safe for restoring, I also want the user to be able to login with a password.

1) Could I encrypt the mnemonic with a password?

2) If I do encrypt the mnemonic, which algorithm should I use?


texts: Can you give me an example of a wallet address

texts: Bitcoin wallet address can anyone show me example


texts:
I am unable to understand how a PoW(Proof of work ) activity takes extensive computation  but the corresponding hash message verification of the final result is quick and easy.
What process and flow takes place in the final hash verification ?
Any guidance .


texts: How do you track the participants of a multisignature transaction?

texts: How to glean which wallets were involved in a multisignature transaction?


texts: even after 0.0005BTC Fee, My transaction is unconfirmed

texts:
I made a transaction of approx 1 bTC.
MT transaction id is
https://blockchain.info/tx/44f8a9939776bac1b98dffb4fe72d5ad97f3b2171c3b717677e9ae03b6bcef4d

but it is still unconfirmed even after the 0.0005 Fee.


texts: How do you merge mine rootstock with bitcoin on an Antminer?

texts: I hear that you can merge mine rootstock coins with existing bitcoin mining hardware by doing merge mining. Is there a tutorial on how to do this? Or is there a pool one can just join?


texts:
Why didn't Bitcoin implement segwit in the first place?

Why and how does non-segwit Bitcoin enable a miner to change a transaction's txid?

From Mastering Bitcoin ch. 7 § "Transaction identifiers":

  Before segwit, transactions could have their signatures subtly modified by third parties, changing their transaction ID (hash) without changing any fundamental properties (inputs, outputs, amounts).


texts:
Background Information

I am building an application that requires the ability to query any bitcoin full node (from a python script using raw tcp sockets) in order to read the OP_Return value listed in the following transaction (https://live.blockcypher.com/btc-testnet/tx/2599dbe540a583ede3512fef9a0f26be718c039ffd4d04d85ff3b339f40e73b1/)

What I have done to date

I have successfully managed to establish the version + verack, however I was faced with two issues.

When I send a getdata for the necessary transaction Idit does not return the result. I have identified this is because my initial assumptions that getdata returns the necessary data was incorrect and instead it will only return transaction data for transactions still in mempool.
This lead me to my main issue, I was hoping to replicate the initial block download on my python script, starting from the block containing the transaction I'm interested in. However when I do getblocks/getheaders no matter what I seem to put in the hash filter I get a dump of 500 (or 2000) blocks/headers. Below is a hex dump of the requests I am making (just the bitcoin protocol frame):

getblocks
0b110907676574626c6f636b00000000450000002a0af9950100000001000000000000592589e55cda6e8a093998e8356ea770d4aaeb7c0f5439b147d7000000000000017a09017d52db538d7a9ddcc48311866d7e5fdbbbec7d0faad5
getheaders
0b110907676574686561646572730000450000002a0af9950100000001000000000000592589e55cda6e8a093998e8356ea770d4aaeb7c0f5439b147d7000000000000017a09017d52db538d7a9ddcc48311866d7e5fdbbbec7d0faad5

I am looking for the following help:

How can I query for transaction data without using bitcoin RPC if I can't use the getdata message?
How do I get my block or headers response to only contain 1 inv item instead of 500/5000

EDIT (4/5/20)
The implied requirement which wasn't made clear here was that we needed to do so in a decentralised way using the blockchain RPC api or equivalent.


texts: How to directly query leveldb database to get get a record by transaction hash or by sender's address?

texts:
I learned that the blocks and transactions are stored locally in .bitcoin/blocks/index and .bitcoin/chainstate databases, respectively.
I want to make a direct query to those databases to measure the response time.
However, I found it hard to understand the format and the best way to access to the data.
I am using Plyvel, but I couldn't formulate the exact query, for example to search for a particular transaction identified by its hash value, or searching for the all transactions made by a particular sender identified by the hash of its public address.

Any help, please.


texts: Cost of single vs multiple outputs to the same address

texts:
A transaction can have multiple outputs pointing to the same address however it's not clear to me if and how this affects the transaction's priority and cost?

As an example, let's consider these two simple cases:

Case A: Two outputs pointing to the same address use the same input in a 50/50 split.
Case B: Two outputs pointing to the same address use two different inputs of equal amounts.


texts: What if my Internet Service Provider decides not to let me send bitcoins?

texts: Since bitcoins are sent through the internet, what would happen if my Internet Service Provider prevented me from sending bitcoins?  If they can do that, does that mean that I don't really control my bitcoins?


texts: Why do altcoins vary so along with bitcoins?

texts:
Today bitcoin has dropped by 20%, so I looked for alternative cryptocoins with better performance. But, hey! Litecoin, Iota, Ripple, Ethereum, all of that has the roughly the same graph along time in USD, EUR or even BRL. See, for example (from https://www.coingecko.com/en):

Chart BTC/BRL:

Chart LTC/USD:

That does not make sense for me. "Oh, bitcoin is falling, I'll sell my litecoins" - I would buy altcoins.

Why altcoins (at least the ones listed above) are so related to bitcoin, instead of having independent variations?


texts: Is brute forcing a private key with unspent coins getting easier?

texts:
Is the likelihood of correctly guessing a private key with unspent coins increasing due to:

More addresses being used resulting in more private keys with unspent coins (i.e. higher chance that a random private key might have coins).
The fact lots of people use deterministic wallets (i.e. one could discount billions of deterministically generated private keys if the first 20 are empty).

Is this significant in terms of security?


texts: If the top 6 mining pools started mining empty blocks, what would happen?

texts:
I read that it was possible to mine empty blocks, so that miners can still earn when there are no transactions in the network.

What would happen if the top mining pools started mining empty blocks alone, stopping all transactions from being processed?


texts: Paper wallet vs wallet.dat on memory stick for long term storage?

texts: What does everyone think? Also what are the advantages and disadvantages of each one?


texts: How do you enable ASICBOOST on an Antminer s9?


texts: How can I trade BTC for other crypto currencies?

texts: How do I withdraw from BTC and credit to LTC or withdraw from LTC and credit to BTC or any cryptocurrencies?


texts: 64: non-mandatory-script-verify-flag (No error) (-26)

texts:
What does this error mean?

I've manually constructed a transaction, and I get this error when I try to insert it in to the network.


texts: Why do miners choose low fee rate transactions sometimes?

texts:
Miners prefer high fee rate transactions to low fee rate ones, but the part which I don't understand is why miners pick a low fee rate transaction that has been waiting for hours in the mempool into their blocks, while they can find higher fee rate transactions in the mempool.
Is this some kind of moral thing to help those transactions to get confirmed or what?


texts: How to find top 100 richest bitcoin wallet addresses on given date?

texts:
There is a list of top richest bitcoin wallets at this moment.

How can I find the list of top richest wallets on other dates in the past?


texts: Is Coinbase transaction required to be signed?

texts:
I am trying to build a coinbase for mining with the following steps:

1-Create dummy Input and output.

2-Pass them to CreateRawTransaction as collection/

3-Get a transaction back and fill the empty fields according to coinbase structure (specially set Txout’s Value to 12.5 bitcoin).

4-Serialized transaction into Hex string mode.

With above steps preformed in RegTest mode a new block created and 50 Bitcoins added to the wallet which seems to be correct but as far as I know a transaction should be signed, Is Coinbase excluded from signing procedure ? and why it’s add 50 bitcoins to account instead of amount which I specific set to 12.5 bitcoin ?

public async Task<string> BuildCoinbaseTransaction(string MinerAddress, uint Height)
{
    string coinTxSerialized = string.Empty;
    scriptData = Tools.RandomNumbers(rEngine);
    string pubKey = await GetPublicKey(MinerAddress);
    string scriptPubKey = CreateCoinbaseScript(pubKey);

    List<object> txi = new List<object>
    { new CoinIn { TxId = "0".PadLeft(64, '0'), Index = 0x0 } };

    List<object> txo = new List<object>
      { new Dictionary<string, double> { { MinerAddress, 0.00 } } };

    RPCResult<string> rpcResult = await cmd.CreateRawTransactionAsync(txi, txo);

    if (rpcResult.Error == null)
    {
        TotalReward = Math.Min(RewardCoins + CollectedFee, MaxCoinbaseValue);

        string rawCoinbase = rpcResult.Result;
        string decodedTx = await cmd.DecodeRawTransaction_CommandAsync(rawCoinbase);

        RPCResult<string> Transaction jsonTx= JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<RPCResult<string>>(decodedTx);
        Transaction coinTx = jsonTx.Result;

        coinTx.Height = BuildHeight(Height);
        coinTx.TxIn.FirstOrDefault().Coinbase = scriptData;
        coinTx.TxIn.FirstOrDefault().Sequence = 0xFFFFFFFF;
        coinTx.TxOut.FirstOrDefault().Value = TotalReward;
        coinTx.TxOut.FirstOrDefault().ScriptPubKey.Assembely = scriptPubKey;
        coinTx.Hex = coinTx.ToString();
        coinTxSerialized = coinTx.Hex;

        return coinTxSerialized;
   }//if

}//BuildCoinbaseTransaction


texts:
So imagine we have 5 different parties, all of these parties test if a particular thing is true or false over the course of 24 hours. The network needs to come to a consensus about the majority outcome of these parties votes. So the 5 different parties need to submit their votes onto a blockchain, however if within the 24 hour time-frame one of the parties submits their vote early there comes potential for one of the other party members to look at the early submitted vote and copy that vote skewing the real result.

What is the way to prevent copying in this situation, can a hash time locked contract be opened that collects the encrypted votes from each party and then after the 24 hours reveal the result to the network?

Or is there something simple im missing, the basic idea is I want to cryptographicaly hide something and then reveal it at a certain block height


texts: Are there any bitcoin node that are running the original Satoshi codebase?

texts:
I was taking a look at all the different kinds of nodes running bitcoin. Are there any nodes that are verfiably running the original Satoshi client so that we can confirm backwards compatibility?

If not, what is the oldest operational bitcoin node?


texts:
I have created Stellar account. I have to transfer lumens to other account in USD.
How can I convert lumens to USD?

On stellar site, it is mentioned that we have create trust line with provided Anchors. But while creating thrust line it is always saying "changeTrustLowReserve".

Please suggest any inputs if you have.


texts: Bfgminer 3.10.0 not submitting shares (scrypt)

texts:
Running bfgminer and notice that it is not submitting any shares to the p2pool.
Mining a scrypt based crypto currency (Dogecoin). Noticed the same behavior when trying to mine litecoin.

However, while it seems to do work on my laptop (OS X 10.9.1), no shares actually get submitted to the pool.  What can I do to fix this and get bfgminer to start submitting shares. Any help is appreciated.

I am running using this command.

bfgminer -k diablo --scrypt -o stratum+tcp://pool.shitpost.asia:1917 -u DKm9ayrnN1fAbikyRiqDMsdax4uizCpjZp -p anything -I 12 -S opencl:auto

Attached is a screenshot.

Also when I exit the program I get some additional information.

Summary of runtime statistics:

[2014-01-16 06:57:53] Started at [2014-01-16 06:48:44]
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53] Pool: stratum+tcp://pool.shitpost.asia:1917
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53] Runtime: 0 hrs : 9 mins : 9 secs
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53] Average hashrate: 7.0 Megahash/s
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53] Solved blocks: 0
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53] Best share difficulty: 0
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53] Share submissions: 0
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53] Accepted shares: 0
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53] Rejected shares: 0 + 0 stale (nan%)
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53] Accepted difficulty shares: 0
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53] Rejected difficulty shares: 0
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53] Hardware errors: 0
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53] Network transfer:  1.80 /  0.01 MB  (  3.3 /   0.0 kB/s)
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53] Efficiency (accepted shares * difficulty / 2 KB): 0.00
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53] Utility (accepted shares / min): 0.00/min

[2014-01-16 06:57:53] Unable to get work from server occasions: 0
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53] Work items generated locally: 350
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53] Submitting work remotely delay occasions: 0
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53] New blocks detected on network: 13

[2014-01-16 06:57:53] Summary of per device statistics:

[2014-01-16 06:57:53] OCL0       | 5s: 6.67 avg: 6.87 u: 0.00 Mh/s | A:0 R:0+0(none) HW:0/none
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53] OCL1       | 5s: 96.0 avg:107.7 u:  0.0 kh/s | A:0 R:0+0(none) HW:0/none
 [2014-01-16 06:57:53]


texts:
I'm trying to get deposits sent to my website to show up in the users balance, inside my bitcoin.conf I have:

walletnotify='http://localhost/blocknotify-update-deposit?trxhash='%s

This is not showing up the users deposited balances however if I put the same line in my url bar the balances show up straight away.

What have I missed from the bitcoin.conf? The person I bought the application from has not been much help regarding the bitcoin integration and I'm learning as I go myself here.


texts:
Possible Duplicate:
  Can I download the whole block chain from somewhere?

My Bitcoin client has been "synchronizing" for a really ridiculously long time making the computer leggy. According to this article I can download a pre-synchronized block chain from here. What do I do after I download bootstrap.dat?

Seriously it says "Version 0.7.1 (when released) will automatically validate and import a file in the data directory" but where the hell's the data directory?


texts: ECDSA x,y coordinate validity verification doesn't seem to work

texts:
The ECDSA algorithm, secp256k1 for Bitcoin allegedly uses the equation

y ^ 2 = x ^ 3 + 7 mod P

to determine the validity of an alleged point upon the elliptical curve.  Utilizing
http://web2.0calc.com/

When verifying public key 1 which has the following qualities:

x = 55066263022277343669578718895168534326250603453777594175500187360389116729240

y = 32670510020758816978083085130507043184471273380659243275938904335757337482424

I applied x ^ 3, then added 7, then mod P on that webpage.  Then I square rooted it and got

180964706334543048141953325634608696715.426683454595872

Which is not y.  How am I doing this wrong?  My results suggests that this point is not a valid point on the curve, but everyone knows it is.  Obviously I'm the one who's wrong.

EDIT:  I'd like to further clarify the question.  My question is, how does one actually determine (as an example) the Y value while only having the X value.  Bitcoin does it, the "Bitcoin Address Utility" also does it.  When someone has a compressed key (which only contains the x coordinate) they are able to get the y coordinate as well.  Utilizing the aforementioned webpage calculator does not work and others are saying its "modular root".  Anyone have Python 2.7.7 code which would do this or have a relatively simple way of explaining how to accomplish this whole thing?  Thanks.


texts: Save transaction space with economic Scripts

texts:
I have some questions regarding the programming of economic Scripts, so Scripts that save some transaction space compared to functionally the same Scripts but with redundancy by e.g. using the same public keys twice.
One example comes from the Script used for the atomic swap in the wiki:
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Contract#Example_5:_Trading_across_chains

OP_IF
  2 <key A> <key B> 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY
OP_ELSE
  <key B> OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY OP_SHA256 <hash of secret x> OP_EQUALVERIFY
OP_ENDIF

In the script above the public key for B is referenced twice. But it can be rewritten to:

OP_SHA256 <hash of secret x> OP_EQUAL
OP_NOTIF
  <key A> OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY
OP_ENDIF
<key B> OP_CHECKSIG

Functionally it is the same script, but does not use the public key of B twice and thus saves space in the transaction.
The difference is the way the scriptSig must now be provided with the signatures or secret.

Other than that, is there anything against using the script above instead of the one from the wiki?

And what about the following example:

OP_SHA256 <hash of secret x> OP_EQUAL
OP_IF
  <K2> OP_CHECKSIG
OP_ELSE
  2 <K1> <K2> <K3> 3 OP_CHECKMULTISIG
OP_ENDIF

It is similar to the atomic swap above, but now there is a mediator involved.
Again the public key  is used twice. But it can be rewritten to:

OP_SHA256 <hash of secret x> OP_EQUAL
2 <K2>
OP_ROT
OP_IF
  OP_NIP
  OP_CHECKSIG
OP_ELSE
  <K1> OP_SWAP <K3> OP_CHECKMULTISIG
OP_ENDIF

This script accepts the exact same scriptSigs as the one before. It involves two more opcodes (OP_SWAP and OP_NIP), which are two bytes in total. But it saves 31 bytes in total by only using the public key K2 once.
It may not be so readable, but is there anything against using this script compared to the first one?

There are many similar cases I can come up with using the exotic opcodes like OP_SWAP, OP_ROLL, and so on. But I want to know if this does actually make sense when creating Scripts to use them to save transaction space?


texts: What if you wanted to decrease anonymity?

texts:
My idea is to be able to build "credit" for an individual. Lenders of BTC could just use a service to check the "credit score" of a certain address of a borrower. The borrower would have to spend a year(s) using one address like a checking account, and by meeting certain criteria over time, they'd earn a higher credit rating. But this doesn't limit them to one address, only to one public address.

You'd have to data mine transactions to and from known/published public addresses of public companies or employers/employees, etc. All of this data about an address could be pulled off of the blockchain and calculated with certain weights, which means no reliance on a P2P rating system. An applicant for a loan could even provide their daily use address (like a checking account) and their offline address (like a savings account). Lenders would rely on the ADDRESS's credit rating, not the individuals.

Is it possible? Am I oversimplifying?


texts: What does "new block detected on network before long poll" mean?

texts:
I'm new to mining and I'm mining doge coins. My mining client reported

new block detected on network before longpoll

but it doesn't seem like I'm actually mining anything. What does this mean?


texts: How can i switch from BIP32 to BIP44 using bitcoinj

texts: i am working on a wallet that is using BIP32 for creating Accounts, addresses, xpub, public keys, transaction and etc. but now i want to switch from BIP32 to BIP 44. how can i do this using bitcoinj i also study this, but there is nothing related to implementation. All i need to know that how can i implement BIP44 using bitcoinj and what is specific changes i have to do.Do i have to change all the hierarchy, if yes, then how can do this


texts: Why the PUSHDATA is 65 in the first transaction in blk00000.dat?

texts:
https://www.blockchain.com/btc/tx/4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b?show_adv=true

The raw script is in the first transaction is:
  4104678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5fac

0x41 -> 65 (PUSHDATA) # Why ?????
0xac -> 175 (OP_CHECKSIG)

The list of OP can be found here
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/bffb35f876572737b175aa3620bbf3e62c20f444/test/functional/test_framework/script.py

There is no 0x41 OP at all~~~~


texts: Are there any _severe_ drawbacks of bitcoin justifying all the alternatives?

texts: There exist quite some alternatives to bitcoin that are partially based on it, and I'm sure their creators all are convinced they improve upon something. But are there any serious drawbacks in bitcoin that can or will probably never be fixed?


texts:
Let's say the user sends me his private key. What is the appropriate RPC command to spend the Bitcoins of this user using his private key?

Should I import his private key in the wallet before?


texts: How do I synchronize my wallet quicker with bitcoins already sent?

texts: I have my first ever Bitcoin wallet, I instantly sent the bitcoins from blockchain.info to my wallet. Without realizing, my wallet is currently (4pm May 8th 2015) 1 year and 42 weeks behind. Is there a way to speed up this process? I need to buy stuff ASAP and I don't want to wait weeks for my wallet to sync. Also, people are suggesting to restart my wallet and download a Torrent from blockchain, will I lose my bitcoins in the process? I'm using Bitcoin Core.


texts: Electrum transaction still says unconfirmed parent

texts: A transaction from Electrum is still showing unconfirmed parent even though the previous transaction in the chain has completed. Electrum has shown this for 24 hours now. I realize that my fee is quite small but should it still say unconfirmed parent after so long?


texts: Possible better peer-to-peer protocols for Bitcoin?

texts: As we know, bitcoin uses flooding in order to propagate blocks and transactions across all the nodes in the network. As it was launched in 2009, it's been almost 10 years since it's launch and I was wondering if it was launched today, would it be able to use a more efficient P2P protocol/algorithm then the flooding mechanism employed today? As flooding can cause multiple transactions, albeit inv transactions, to be sent to the same node multiple times which is information that the node does not need and is unnecessary. Are there any better state-of-the-art p2p protocols that could be a better fit for bitcoin today?


texts:
Schnorr Signatures and Signature aggregation is in the bitcoin technology roadmap. Schnorr Signatures was around the same time ECDSA is around.

Why wasnt Schnorr Signature Scheme implemented at the get-go instead? Why was ECDSA chosen over Schnorr Signatures in the inital design?


texts: What strategies can an e-wallet use in order to reduce transaction fees?

texts: I noticed that most Bitcoin exchanges (MtGox, TradeHill, ExchangeBitcoins, etc.) do not charge any fees for withdrawing bitcoins. What kind of strategies can they use in order to reduce these costs?


texts: Sample proof of work in Ruby, what am I doing wrong?

texts:
Given the following block, how do I verify the proof of work? I got this data from bitcoin-cli getblock and parsed in to a Ruby hash called data:

{"hash"=>"00000000000000001354e21fea9c1ec9ac337c8a6c0bda736ec1096663383429",
 "confirmations"=>2, "size"=>529935, "height"=>347928, "version"=>2,
 "merkleroot"=>"14b2c974a4f9ab92a68f03a491965063d1f8a2e8b2268fdb4cbce92262bb09c0",
"tx"=>"..removed for space convenience...", "time"=>1426554998,
"nonce"=>3284264479, "bits"=>"18172ec0", "difficulty"=>47427554950.6483,
"chainwork"=>"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000056f68a6406c831f16c1bd",
"previousblockhash"=>"000000000000000007c464352935f12c3695f7de4eee8390f444233682abf8aa",
"nextblockhash"=>"000000000000000016e3530b3a7cdaaa495e6eb70aa8f3f15d02fd078235e931"}

I have tried the following:

version = "02000000"
prev = data["previousblockhash"]
merkle = data["merkleroot"]
time = data["time"].to_s(16) #convert to hex
bits = data["bits"]
nonce = data["nonce"]

hashable = version + prev + merkle + time + bits + nonce

answer = Digest::SHA256.hexdigest hashable

The problem is my answer is this:

b7dc9db86cdf47bf1b13274f88b14211a1ce58c52ac1e41c987b4ad65cf50f4f

but the given answer (in data["hash"]) is

00000000000000001354e21fea9c1ec9ac337c8a6c0bda736ec1096663383429

What am I doing wrong?

Thanks for any help,
Kevin


texts:
Combining the spending transaction scriptSig and funding transaction scriptPubKey, we get:

<OP_0> <sig A> <sig C> <redeemScript> <OP_HASH160> <redeemScriptHash> <OP_EQUAL>

Stepping through this script:

1)OP_0 and the two signatures are added to the stack, kept for later.

2)The redeemScript is added to the stack.

3)OP_HASH160 hashes our redeemScript.

4)redeemScriptHash is added to the stack.

5)OP_EQUAL will compare OP_HASH160(redeemScript) and redeemScriptHash and check for equality. This confirms that our spending transaction is providing the correct redeemScript.

6)Now our redeemScript can be evaluated:

<OP_2> <A pubkey> <B pubkey> <C pubkey> <OP_3> <OP_CHECKMULTISIG>

7)OP_CHECKMULTISIG will look at the 3 public keys and 2 signatures in the stack, and compare them one by one. As stated earlier, the order of signatures matters here and must match the order that the public keys were provided in.

8)OP_0 is included only to deal with an off-by-one error in Bitcoin Core when using OP_CHECKMULTISIG.

i read several answers related to this topic and i read also the BIP16 but i still can not understand how after validation with <OP_EQUAL>of <redeemScript> calculated with <OP_HASH160> and <redeemScriptHash> the script continues with the validation of <sig A> <sig C>

After the procedure which i have already described the only portions left in the stack are : <OP_0> <sig A> <sig C> How these signatures will be verified since the fact that <redeemScript> is poped out of the stack?

My question in other words has to do with step 6.
Now our redeemScript can be evaluated: how since it has been removed from the stack...


texts: What is the maximum size of the memory pool?

texts:
The memory pool holds unconfirmed transactions in RAM. It seems that memory pool storage could overflow if no block is solved for a very long time and many transactions are published within a short interval.

In browsing the source code, I found no mention of a cap on the memory pool size:

https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/v0.10.1/src/main.cpp#L934

Does such a cap exist? If not, couldn't an attacker use the unbounded size of the memory pool to overflow the RAM of a large number of nodes, knocking them offline?

I noticed two proposals that seemed to address this issue, but neither has made it through the approval process:

Mempool Superblock
Mempool Janitor


texts: Private key of a specific bitcoin address

texts: I need to find out the private key of a specific bitcoin address '1FVoAyGnHueH1uNR4dAQgRZcsBkAd3Mo3K'. This is the bitcoin address of a scammer who made me lose my last savings in the name of cryptocurrency trading. I recovered the fund with the help of a special intelligence unit but it is still 'Non-spendable'. Please help me recover my funds and save my life.


texts: I am reading about cryptography in Bitcoin. Bitcoin adress is created by applying cryptographic hash function to public key of the wallet. I know that this function is a trap door function but what are possible vulnerabilities if the public key could be derived from the address? Public keys are used anyway when authenticating the creator of the transaction (signer of the transaction).


texts: Completely confused with mutisig address and scripts

texts:
I used the guide, how to make escrow from bitcoin console.

Here are my transactions in testnet: tx1 tx2

I am confused about ScriptPublicKey in tx1:

OP_HASH160 a7a62637430b44c922cbce4fc8bd53d11b7c4c25 OP_EQUAL

So it is just calculate Hash160 of top stack value, and compare it with a7a6...25.
In the ScriptSig of tx2 we can see 4 values, which will be pushed to stack for validation. But vout script uses only the top stack value:

5221020678adff50855b6748e93ab03667968817363fff84306d7ffc13276191fd7f542102bff39dce7ae4c6a06104ac4e49948eb7bac9d4a82e9e16df41b1436d31b76f0052ae

Other 2 values are signatures:

304402205fdee0b00f5e2fa07324458fe06b47a41bb2ef4e73892343796e9f6456e378940220630b423ce14b0d5ed487da751c368d7fc0122efa21cac1a4afce7c3c017bf29f01
304502205edb6ce77a772346b21d60a775c81f52bec9e8957f795fce7ea4fab862bc656c022100fc1376399134348fae516d6e627b1f72c094affd3ba2f458685bdbe9b6a51f5e01

As we can see, this signatures are not validating by vout script.

And why this functionallity does not work with OP_CHECKMULTISIG?


texts: How do I know how many confirmations a transaction has?

texts:
This is my first transaction and it's been since yesterday that I sent it. The website said wait for 4 confirmations then check email, but I haven't gotten any email so I don't know if it's gone through or not. Here's the transaction number and a screenshot of the transaction:
  2daf1bea238137e5db00cd12074a93f181bf86a759f1963fd92197671f32a463


texts: Bitcoin Cash - How to get estimated fee and send transaction

texts:
Last week I started working with Bitcoins and needed to show the transaction fee. While working with Bitcoins, I used:

https://bitcoinfees.earn.com/api/v1/fees/recommended
https://api.blockcypher.com/v1/btc/main

Now I need to do it with Bitcoin Cash (BCH). I was reading something about it and it is a fork of Bitcoin. Are they using same fees?

I have been searching and found many sites showing average fee, is that the standard on BCH?

Thanks in advance for your help.


texts:
A few days ago I did a submarine swap in order to rebalance a channel of mine. I opted to be refunded on-chain using a brand-new address generated with c-lightning newaddr command. I used the p2sh address (aka starting with 3...) because last time I had some issues with the bech32 version.
Here is the point: the on-chain transaction has (at time of writing) more than 80 confirmations, but my c-lightning node still cannot show the output with the listfunds command.
Using dev-rescan-outputs didn't get any results as well.
Am I miss something? Have that utxo gone lost?


texts: What do `minerd`s feedback messages (LONGPOLL, yay, boo) mean?

texts:
I have been testing a script that essentially runs (incomplete command shown here!): minerd --algo scrypt -s 45 --retry-pause 5 --threads $threads --url ...

Among the feedback messages, while minerd is running, there are once in a while following messages:

LONGPOLL detected new block
...accepted: 1838/2122 (86.62%), 49.94 khash/s (yay!!!)
...accepted: 1832/2116 (86.58%), 50.00 khash/s (booooo)

What is a LONGPOLL and how is it related to the bigger picture of mining? What is the difference between a (yay!!!) and a (booooo) accepted message?

Finally, what is the percentage in parenthesis in an accepted message (as above) showing exactly? Why does it both increase and decrease during mining? Shouldn't it grow only upwards reaching the 100% level?


texts: How Does One Make Money from Bitcoin Trading?

texts:
Now, this is my disclaimer: I'm very, very inexperienced with trading and general concepts of finance.

The way I understand it, the only way to make money from bitcoin is either to mine them yourself, or to trade them.

Now, the way I see to make money from trading is to buy btc with dollars when they are at a certain value, then wait and hope that they rise in value, then sell them back for more dollars. How else does one "trade" bitcoins?

Can anyone give me a simple answer? Perhaps just some key concepts that I can look up for myself.


texts:
I don't understand receiving address usage at https://blockchain.info/api/api_receive
As I understand it it should work like this:

MainAccount
|--generatedReceivingAddress1 (then someone send btc and it will obtain e.g. 0.1btc)
|--generatedReceivingAddress2 (then someone send btc and it will obtain e.g. 0.2btc)
|--generatedReceivingAddress3 (then someone send btc and it will obtain e.g. 0.4btc)

Is in bitcoin ledger ability to find out:

which receiving addresses belong to MainAccount?
total balance of MainAccount (in this case 0.7btc)?

Many thanks


texts: What are the requirements for running a Dash Masternode?

texts: Dash Masternodes allow for InstantSend transactions and are paid a portion of Dash's mining revenue. What requirements does a Masternode need to fulfill?


texts:
As you know the Litecoin implementation of MimbleWimble on extensions blocks is already running on testnet. They will go mainnet in a year. I think this could be a great improvement for Bitcoin. We could use Bitcoin for private transactions when required, no need of coin mixers or Monero anymore. Exchanges like Coinbase will not delist Bitcoin as they already have ZCash which have public and private transactions too.
In the rare case there is a hidden inflation bug, new coins created in the extension block can't infiltrate the canonical chain because the amounts are public, so the bug would be detected sooner or later when someone can't send back his coins to the canonical chain.
The developer has said he's going to write a BIP and make a pull request to Bitcoin. What are the chances it's approved?
Regards


texts: Encrypted bitcoin private key from bitcoin-cli

texts: Hi I need to know the command which is used to generate encrypted bitcoin private key from bitcoin-cli (for a bitcoin address) so in future when that private key is used for import address in any application it ask for password also ?


texts:
Before the burst due to massive DDOS attacks on most Bitcoin trade sites, the market price rose from 30 USD in January 2013 to over 250 USD in April.

The mechanism of collapse - the DDOS attacks - is pretty clear and transparent. I wonder though, what mechanisms, machinations, influences or other external sources influenced the market that caused such bubble growth in the first place.

It appears the market is still vulnerable to such (or similar) mechanisms (currently we seem to observe a similar growth), and I'd really like to learn how such events work - how do such bubbles of price appear and grow? Are they natural element of the market, self-propelling machines of enthusiasm of masses, possibly following some global events/trends, or are they created by subtle, or less subtle manipulations?


texts: How to get balance of tens of thousands of addresses?

texts:
What is the best way to get balance of large amount of addresses?
I tried to use APIs from different providers, but they are limiting the requests. Is there any APIs that give premium service without limiting requests?

Or maybe should I run full node, and use it?
If yes, how I'm using the full node to get the addresses balances? I'm using Ruby on Rails.

Thanks.


texts: Is there ANY evidence Onecoin might not be a scam?

texts:
I, like I believe the vast majority of people here,  am convinced that Onecoin is a scam.   I'm struggling to comprehend how reasonably intelligent people can be willing to "invest" a very large sum of money in Onecoin despite the overwhelming evidence it is a scam - and any insites here would help

One of the issues I have is a language barrier - they speak mainly Chinese, and are influenced by things in Chinese which I am not privy to - and when I ask them to explain to me they can't - These people are not into MLM, and are not looking to make money selling packages - but they believe Onecoin is going to explode in value in China, notwithstanding the "Google held view" that its a scam.


texts:
What would happened if two transactions have the same hash?
Would it make the Unspent Transaction Outputs(UTXO) in the old transaction not spendable?
I think it would make the outputs in the new transaction spendable and the outputs in the old transaction not spendable.


texts:
i'm trying to install armory on ubuntu 12.04 but it is not working:

$ sudo dpkg -i armory_0.88.1-beta_i386.deb
Selecting previously unselected package armory:i386.
(Reading database ... 222699 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking armory:i386 (from armory_0.88.1-beta_i386.deb) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of armory:i386:
 armory:i386 depends on python-qt4.
 armory:i386 depends on python-twisted.
 armory:i386 depends on python-psutil.
dpkg: error processing armory:i386 (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf.index...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 armory:i386

it looked like i needed to install packages python-qt4, python-twisted and python-psutil so i did this:

$ sudo apt-get install python-qt4 python-twisted python-psutil
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 armory:i386 : Depends: python-qt4:i386 but it is not going to be installed
               Depends: python-twisted:i386 but it is not installable
               Depends: python-psutil:i386 but it is not going to be installed
 python-qt4 : Depends: libqtassistantclient4 (>= 4.6.3) but it is not going to be installed
              Depends: sip-api-8.1
 python-twisted : Depends: python-twisted-conch (>= 1:11.0) but it is not going to be installed
                  Depends: python-twisted-mail (>= 11.0) but it is not going to be installed
                  Depends: python-twisted-lore (>= 11.0) but it is not going to be installed
                  Depends: python-twisted-news (>= 11.0) but it is not going to be installed
                  Depends: python-twisted-runner (>= 11.0) but it is not going to be installed
                  Depends: python-twisted-words (>= 11.0) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

for some reason they did not want to install so i did this: (was this a bad move?)

$ sudo apt-get -f install

and after a massive amount of output in which it looked like many packages were removed??? nothing happened. armory still won't run and now i think i have screwed up some other valid packages since i have a lot of empty links with question marks on my unity bar. even the vim configuration file seems to have been altered!

help!

(i should also mention that i recently upgraded from ubuntu 10.04 to 12.04 and that may not have gone too smoothly for bitcoind)


texts: Can there be double spend between propagation of block chains between 2 set of peers?

texts:
It shouldn't be as simple to do a double spend. I think I am missing something here. I understand Consensus rules and P2P networking. But since a node is connected only to some limited number of other peers, So a subset of nodes will only know a limited reality of blocks among these peers at least at a given point of time. Wouldn't this allow easy possibility of double spend?

For example sake, let's assume there are only 6 nodes globally and they happen to get following pairing to peers.

**Set 1**
1<-->2
2<-->3
3<-->1
**Set 2**
4<-->5
5<--6>
6<-->4

It leads to kind of two sets of isolated groups of 3 each. Let's assume now Adam's wallet is connected to node 4 and does a transaction. How will this be relayed to nodes 1, 2 and 3? Adam in my example can leverage this to do a double spend by doing transaction by connected to nodes in set 1 now.


texts: Check which bitcoind version I am running

texts:
I have a version of bitcoind on my server and I can't remember which version it is.

How can I find out what version my bitcoind is ?

eg: ./bitcoind -version ..or such


texts: Can I spend from multiple wallets in Electrum (or somehow import/merge them)?

texts:
Is it possible, in Electrum, to merge wallets, and or do a transfer using multiple wallet keys?  I have some dust in a wallet and would like to get it out. I'm hoping I can easily incorporate it into another payment.
Given the sum of the dust, this is primarily a curiosity. I know it's possible in the protocol, but wondering whether there's a high level way, or even a command-line way.