texts: How can I tell what the latest version is which can conduct a transaction?

texts:
In my planned setup I have two machines: a connected machine (HOT) and a non-connected machine (COLD). My plan, in the event that I need to send bitcoins, is that I will:

formulate desired transaction in JSON on HOT as [TRANS]
copy [TRANS] to COLD
sign [TRANS] on COLD turning it into [SIGNED]
copy [SIGNED] to HOT
transmit/execute [SIGNED] on HOT to complete the transaction

My questions are:

A. How can I determine what the earliest/latest versions of bitcoind will work on both COLD and HOT? For example, I am currently running 120100 on HOT. Is that good enough? How can I know for sure which versions will work and which will not at any given instant in time in the future?

B. Do I need to have the blockchain on COLD? My understanding is that I do not.

C. There are two forms of JSON transactions, simple and raw, the raw being the more complete. Does [TRANS] need to be raw or can it be simple? I assume [SIGNED] must be raw, is that right?


texts:
In cryptofree.casa How Long Take to pending Verification is over please help
My email is:
Hosseinnassari84@gmail.com


texts: How long can popular hardware wallets last in cold storage?

texts:
Consider the Ledger and Trezor hardware wallets: how long could they last in a typical bank safety deposit box?
If the answer needs specifics, assume the following:

Temp: 20C
Humidity: 50% RH
Altitude: sea level
Vibration/shock: none
Cosmic radiation: whatever would get through to a typical safety deposit box (should I choose a box nearer to the floor assuming there's no risk of flood?)
"last" = 999 of 1000 wallets stored would have full functionality after this period

To help me understand more, in your answer, could you explain why hardware wallet data retention is longer (if it is) than, say, a typical USB stick, a typical SSD, and an IronKey.


texts: Bitcoin-QT wallet.dat prior to adding passphrase

texts:
On almost any Bitcoin-QT tutorial I notice people recommending to:

(step 1) back up your wallet.dat before adding a passphrase.
(step 2) Add a passphrase and copy your new wallet.dat to a USB ....
(step 3) Write down on a piece of paper the used passphrase .

Isn't (step 1) problematic?

Say I copied wallet.dat prior to adding a passphrase and just dumped it somewhere on my computer or god forbid on a USB and the USB gets lost or computer is hacked,  wouldn't an obtained wallet.dat prior to adding a passphrase, will grant access to the new (and thought to be passphrase secured) wallet?


texts: bitcoin-qt crashes when any bitcoin.conf file is used

texts:
I am running 0.8.5 beta on my mac under 10.8.3 and it runs fine until I try to use a bitcoin.conf file.

If there is a file, even if it is completely empty it will crash before the application even starts.  All I receive is a message "Bitcoin-Qt quit unexpectedly."  The is no log even generated.

I have tried redownloading the application and trashing all the files including the blockchain.

If I remove the bitcoin.conf file the application launches and runs fine.

Any help is greatly appreciated.


texts: What is the maximum transaction throughput of the Bitcoin network?

texts:
I have seen different values mentioned but the 3.3--7 transactions/second appears to pop up a lot. In Section 2 of On Scaling Decentralized Blockchains (A Position Paper) it says the following:

  There are two interesting scenarios: The first scenario is when the
  Bitcoin network is operating at maximum throughput, namely 3.3–7
  transactions/sec. This maximum throughput is mainly constrained by
  Bitcoin’s 1MB maximum block size and the variable transaction size.
  The lower bound of the maximum throughput is inferred from the current
  average transaction size, about 500 bytes, while the upper bound is
  based on an oft-cited estimate from [1] which corresponds to unusually
  small (250 byte) transactions.

The maximum block size is 1,000,000 according to the source code. My calculations give me these values for average transactions sizes of 500 bytes for the lower bound and 250 bytes for the upper bound:

lower bound: 1,000,000 / 500 / 600 = 3.3333(3)
upper bound: 1,000,000 / 250 / 600 = 6.6666(6)

lower bound’: 1024*1024 / 500 / 600 = 3.4952533(3)
upper bound': 1024*1024 / 250 / 600 = 6.9905066(6)

According to my calculations, the correct rounded maximum throughput of the Bitcoin network is 3.3--6.7 for the transaction averages given above. I am wondering whether I got something wrong. The authors could have rounded only the upper bound but that doesn't make much sense though.


texts: How do I throttle mining in Phoenix 2.0 to keep my cards cooler?

texts:
I need my rig to run slower (silent during the day) and full speed at night.  i've figured out a way to replace the config file every x hours but I can't see what settings will actually slow it down.

when it runs full speed the fans are extremely loud @ 80-95degrees. if i can get it to run about 70degress just more than 1/2 speed that would be perfect. I have two ATI cards.

What is the best way to throttle phoenix 2.0?


texts: Requirements for a Bitcoin Miner Data & Bandwidth needs

texts: Can someone elaborate on the other aspects of a Bitcoin miner set up / rig's needs, things such as the amount of data in MB's per day it can get through in getting and sending, if your asymmetrical broadband connection is sufficient.


texts: Electrum's "script hash" form with NBitcoin?

texts:
I've come across how scripts are hashed in the electrum (stratum) protocol implementation by looking at the docs.

I'm using NBitcoin, and I've tried to generate this hash from a segwit address, first this way:

myPublicKey.WitHash.ScriptPubKey.Hash.ToString()

However, electrum servers throw an error saying that this hash is not valid. I'm guessing because this hash is of type HASH160 instead of SHA256 like the docs claim? (As I see that the hash generated by this technique is the same hash that appears below the address in a page like this.)

Also I'm wondering if I need to reverse the chain of characters myself or if NBitcoin's SHA256 methods would do it for me? All in all, how to get this hash with NBitcoin API so that Electrum servers are happy?


texts:
In core 0.17 they allow a user to dynamically specify wallets for things like getbalance. So with bitcoin-cli --wallaet='foo' getbalance

But I can't actually figure out how to do this with JSON RPC/ curl? It doesn't seem to work as a parameter or in the --data portion for curl. Can someone help point to how this gets included with an RPC or curl call? Thank you in advance.


texts: When should I increment the sequence number vs creating a brand new Tx?

texts:
Possible Duplicate:
  What is TxIn’s sequence?

What are the logical conditions that would require me to change a sequence number?

Suppose there is this transaction

  txid: abcdefghi...  sequence:1  input:1someVanityName  output:1otherVanityName  ...

... and the people who mutually created this TX decide to revise some information.   Perhaps change the amount, or lock duration.  Since a tx number will change once the sequence # changes, (or any change for that matter) when should I logically change the sequence number?

...when I change the amount or lock duration?
...when I change the output script?
...when I add / remove addresses from the input portion of the tx?
...when I add / remove addresses from the output portion of the tx?

Eventually I may modify the transaction in such a way it has no resemblance to the original tx... and may apply to a whole different set of circumstances.

When should I increment the sequence number versus creating a new tx?


texts: How are 'excessive' numbers of inputs and outputs handled in bitcoin transactions?

texts: I wrote a bitcoin transaction parser in python and it flips out when transactions have more than 255 inputs or outputs.  Some transactions have their number of inputs/outputs represented by a 1 byte hex string, others are represented by more.  How do I know (and how do I program my parser to know) whether a tx's representation of inputs/outputs is 1 byte or more?


texts: Can a Bitcoin node create an outgoing connection to a inbound node?

texts: I'm trying to figure out if we can create an outgoing connection to a inbound node (a node which we are already connected to, but the remote peer has initiated the connection). I know that this does not make much sense since we exchange information to inbound and outbound nodes. However, I have looked at the source code and did not find the code that prevents a node from doing that. Is anyone out there more successful?


texts: Parsing a SegWit transaction - what is the size of witness data?

texts:
I'm parsing s SegWit transaction, I got it done until i reach the witness data.
How big is the witness data?


texts:
https://www.xbt.eu/ says:

  BIP91 ACTIVATED!

  Non-SegWit signaling blocks will be orphaned.

What was the last block before BIP91 activated?


texts: Missing Checksum error when importing multisig wallet via descriptor

texts:
I'm trying to import a multisig wallet on regtest, but getting a strange error. What am I doing wrong? I've tried it with xpubs, tpubs, and Vpubs (converted here) and get the same error for all.

Command:

bitcoin-cli -regtest importmulti '[{"desc": "wsh(multi(2,tpubDDgGUQsV9M7N5DD3WQmkqkq9UXkSvfHvyefNDx2b7KwmukE6FfuFk3JfncmjCNnG9scWcdz6MEeNPZXHArkGFuTXTsZNr4288ULxuTDjB6u/0/0/*,tpubDCDw2UcGohVP3rK8kPW8g9hwBojpwzYdjLxQ6AnnuRvThH7q1vwGneGAUkfZYqJo9eKFGzuP4WwaKsQkEqqnwLd1eT2CtpAKQispgxadHWB/0/0/*))", "range": [0,10], "watchonly":true, "timestamp":"now"}]'

Error:

[
  {
    "success": false,
    "error": {
      "code": -5,
      "message": "Missing checksum"
    }
  }
]


texts: Multiple Inclusion of Transactions in a block

texts: If two miners pick up exactly the same transaction for mining, how do we ensure that the transaction is not included in the two different blocks created by each of the two miners.


texts: Is there a way to allow use of unconfirmed RBF outputs in transaction building?

texts:
Bitcoin Core seems to not consider unconfirmed outputs that are marked replaceable in input selection. Is there a way to override this protection and allow use anyway? The transaction is created using bitcoin-cli.

Edit:
Turns out the unconfirmed output was not change but came from an external wallet. Bitcoin Core doesn't use unconfirmed external outputs.


texts: I want to use nLockTime, but I don't know what clients support it?


texts:
I have been researching a little on the concept of blockchain for some time now. If there is any corrupted block then others won't try to build blocks on top of it. But suppose for some time if it remains as the longest chain and if someone adds a block on top of it, and after a while it becomes shorter.. then what happens to the block added on top of the corrupted block?

Thanks in advance. Please also suggest relevant websites or material from which I can learn more about it.
Thanks again!


texts: Recently synced bitcoinqt fully over around 36 hours or so without problem. I'm now trying to tentatively test it out as a newcomer and when I run it, it says "out of sync" No block source available 37  hours behind and 0 active connections to Bitcoin network. Should it automatically update each time it is run? Should it automatically connect to the network? Can I use only when fully synced? Apologies for the naivety of the questions but would appreciate someone's time with help?


texts: What's the purpose of ScriptSig in a SegWit transaction?

texts:
Here's an example of a SegWit transaction that also contains data in the ScriptSig field:

{
  "txid": "954f43dbb30ad8024981c07d1f5eb6c9fd461e2cf1760dd1283f052af746fc88",
  "hash": "a5947589e2762107ff650958ba0e3a3cf341f53281d15593530bf9762c4edab1",
  "size": 231,
  "vsize": 148,
  "version": 1,
  "locktime": 0,
  "vin": [
    {
      "txid": "56f87210814c8baef7068454e517a70da2f2103fc3ac7f687e32a228dc80e115",
      "vout": 4,
      "scriptSig": {
        "asm": "002001d5d92effa6ffba3efa379f9830d0f75618b13393827152d26e4309000e88b1",
        "hex": "22002001d5d92effa6ffba3efa379f9830d0f75618b13393827152d26e4309000e88b1"
      },
      "txinwitness": [
        "3044022038421164c6468c63dc7bf724aa9d48d8e5abe3935564d38182addf733ad4cd81022076362326b22dd7bfaf211d5b17220723659e4fe3359740ced5762d0e497b7dcc01",
        "21038262a6c6cec93c2d3ecd6c6072efea86d02ff8e3328bbd0242b20af3425990acac"
      ],
      "sequence": 4294967295
    }
  ],

If the txinwitness is the new location for the "unlocking script" section for a vin (as opposed to the old scriptSig field), then why would this transaction still have data in its scriptSig field?


texts: Connection refused when using bitcoinrpc on Linux

texts:
I am new to python-bitcoinrpc(also new to VM Linux actually) and I want to use the blockchain parser from alecalve to get ordered blocks. I used Windows to download the blockchain data into an external hard drive as well as bitcoin.conf but then I found that this parser could only be used on Linux, so I downloaded Bitcoin Core again on Linux and run

./bitcoin-qt -datadir=/media/myharddrive/Bitcoin -conf=/media/myharddrive/Bitcoin/bitcoin.conf

to avoid re-downloading the data.

However, it seems I cannot connect to rpc because the simple code

rpc_connection = AuthServiceProxy("http://%s:%s@127.0.0.1:8332"%('rpcuser', 'myrpcpassword'))

best_block_hash = rpc_connection.getbestblockhash()

returns error like this

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "process1.py", line 129, in <module>
    parser(block)
  File "process1.py", line 62, in parser
    prevtxhex = rpc_connection.getrawtransaction(prevtxidhash,0)
  File "/home/lylian/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/bitcoinrpc/authproxy.py", line 132, in __call__
    self.__conn.request('POST', self.__url.path, postdata,
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/http/client.py", line 1230, in request
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/http/client.py", line 1276, in _send_request
    self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/http/client.py", line 1225, in endheaders
    self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/http/client.py", line 1004, in _send_output
    self.send(msg)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/http/client.py", line 944, in send
    self.connect()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/http/client.py", line 915, in connect
    self.sock = self._create_connection(
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/socket.py", line 808, in create_connection
    raise err
  File "/usr/lib/python3.8/socket.py", line 796, in create_connection
    sock.connect(sa)
ConnectionRefusedError: [Errno 111] Connection refused

I wonder if it's because my code cannot find bitcoin.conf(I put it both in the default location and my hard drive) or there is something wrong with my settings.

rpcuser=xxx
rpcpassword=xxx
server=1

Thanks very much!!


texts: Why was the upper limit of 21 million bitcoins put in place?

texts:
I am very new to this idea. My only knowledge of it is from the wikipedia page.

It seems odd to me that there is an upper limit at all to the bitcoins that will be issued. Perhaps there is a simple explanation to this. Why was that limit set at 21 million?


texts:
I want to set fixed fee rate for transaction. I calculated tx size which is 222( here is this tx), called rpc settxfee
$o->settxfee(sprintf('%f', (0.00001/222)*1000));

and sent to the network. I supposed fee would set for tx to 0.00001 but set to 0.00000662 TBTC instead. Here is wallet info  "paytxfee": 0.00004500,, seems  settxfee worked as expected. What do I do wrong?


texts: Can I check balance of wallet.dat without downloading the block chain?

texts:
I have bitcoin associated with a wallet that I am now moving from a server to external storage for backup. As far as I know, all I need to do is copy the wallet.dat file to external storage and I'm good (given that I won't be doing any transactions in the foreseeable future).

My question is: once I move the wallet.dat file over, how do I check --without downloading the block chain -- the balance associated with it to make sure all is well?


texts: Can anyone explain why this website has missing data?

texts:
I was trying to use the api that is located at:

https://api-r.bitcoinchain.com/v1/address/13gWtMQJdg3H6XBpFjMELcHLJc1HHp79vD

However, for every address I look up, they seem to be missing some transactions and subsequently have incorrect balances for each address.


texts: As far as I know there are several e-wallet services for Bitcoin that provide same standard integrated API service functionality for users. I am curious about where are they finding benefits in this? Do those service providers charge for transfer by themselves and receive left-overs personally?


texts: Can I get confirmation time from txid (tx_hash)?

texts:
I want to get how long it takes time to get first confirmation for each transactions.

My plan is this below.

I'm subscribing mempool txes notification from my bitcoind node and I will save it with time.
I receive a block generation notification which contains the saved mempool-tx. Then I will calculate the confirmation time. (confirmation time = mempool save time - block notification time)

I have two questions:

Do you think that the above way works well?
The above way is a little bit hassle. It would be easy if I can get the time by txid. Is it possible? or Do you have any better ideas?


texts: Why don't P2PK scripts have their own address?

texts:
If I understand addresses correctly, different types of addresses are used to map to a particular locking script (scriptPubKey).

So based on the leading character of an address, a wallet will decode the address, and then form the appropriate locking script around it.

For example:

P2PKH = 1address

13qWKACQWgQDwDRDoRtqUbN59bar6ousQf
OP_DUP OP_HASH160 1f1cafe31d63e061a3f74b541f4ce7a4515b4d0c OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG

P2SH = 3address

3MmRfLoNzap2Mt8PwHqhVtxHsmdRieuXfk
OP_HASH160 dc37feb38b5a4ad4bf09bc61eea4831f85c58103 OP_EQUAL

P2PK = n/a

n/a
031b0e8c2567c12536aa13357b79a073dc4444acb83c4ec7a0e2f99dd7457516c5 OP_CHECKSIG

Why is it that P2PK scripts have never been given their own address?

Why not give the public key in a P2PK a checksum, then base58 encode it with it's own leading character so that we can have an address for it?


texts: How does the pool know the share hashes are calculated and not cheated?

texts:
Miners calculate share hashes and submit them to the pool for their proof of work. And if the share hashes leads to a correct block hash in terms of difficulty, everybody in the pool gets paid according to their submitted work using different distribution methods.

Question:
Why can't a miner just submit random numbers as fake share hashes (little work) to the pool, instead of doing the actual hard work of hashing?

So for the pool: Is there a way to prevent this without recalculating the hash to find out its fake? Recalculation is hard work, and annihilates the sense of delegating it to miners.

And if there is no control it would only be visible with statistics as the pool is too unlucky on the long term. Ex.: a miner submitting 100THash/s and never finding a match might doesn't even calculated the hashes but just submits random stuff.

Edit: Clarified question to distinguish from similar sounding questions.


texts: Will the 1MB block size increase in the future?

texts:
The current Bitcoin block size is 1MB and is generated every 10 minutes, therefore 7 transactions per second. If the use of Bitcoin increase in the future, is the 7 transactions per second going to be a bottleneck? And if so, can the block size be easily increased to grow network capacity? Will this be a hardfork just like Bitcoin Cash?
And why didn't Satoshi choose a block size greater than 1MB to avoid this potential bottleneck?


texts: How do Bitcoin nodes with dynamic IP addresses maintain connections? Does a node check for their own external IP every so often, then broadcast it?


texts: Do transactions happen globally synchronized?

texts:
Since Bitcoin validates transactions by the majority of peers, and stacks ALL transaction history chain to some kind of hash, is then the following statement true?

  Only one transaction can happen at the same time. And only when it's
  processed completely, other transaction can be processed.

If yes, will that be very slow? Considering a transaction must be broadcasted to majority nodes to complete.

If not, how does Bitcoin achieved that? (I assume not)


texts: Hi, I have a serious issue as this transaction is successful but the recipient insists that it's not in her wallet neither did she get any sort of confirmation about the transaction, I have been trying to understand what went wrong and why I keep seeing this transaction as 'unspent'. How can I fix this please.


texts: Where is the actual data stored in blockchain?

texts:
I know that the blockchain stores the transnational data and it is immutable but where is the actual data stored? If there is a use case to replace a centralized data center solution with a blockchain solution, where will the data be stored in blockchain? Data centers usually have petabytes of raw data, hence I am assuming that a decentralized solution like blockchain won't be able to accommodate large amounts of data.
For e.g. bitcoin as of today is ~270GB, meaning that every node requires this much amount of storage. But the problem here is that the data is an ever increasing entity. How does blockchain try to solve this problem ?
Note: Many links on google say that blockchain is not an ideal solution for large data, but then any solution will eventually produce an ever increasing amount of data.
I have referenced the following question on the forum but it does not answer by doubts:
Where is the data stored in Bitcoin?


texts: Is it possible to remove my bitcoins from the Bitcoin network?

texts:
If I delete the Bitcoin wallet from my HD, my Bitcoins will be still alive inside the Bitcoin network, right?
Is there any way to remove my bitcoins from the network in a permanent way?


texts: Do I have to download all blocks to see my bitcoin using bitcoin-qt?

texts: I saw a youtube video about bitcoin wallet and he said you can't see your bitcoin or send or receive until the bitcoin-qt download all the blocks.


texts: 3 transactions sent all with a high fee and all still pending

texts: This is a joke right now because I've sent 3 payments to different addresses with high fees and all of them are pending and won't confirm.


texts: Double spend problem on a delay tolerant network

texts:
I recently read about the Digitally project, an overlay payment scheme for use on mobile phones, whose goals are to extend mobile phone payments to areas with poor connectivity and reduce transaction fees.

In summary: DigiTally enables two people to do a payment transaction by simply copying short strings of numbers between their phones. This doesn't need either smartphones or a network connection. Either phone can upload the transaction later, once it gets a network connection.

I see the benefit of such a system working in underdeveloped economics, wherein branchless mobile banking is a way of life. Alice and Bob can engage in an offline transaction which is later verified and added to the blockchain once either of them get internet access.

Are there any technical implementations on Bitcoin or any other cryptocurrency which allow for asynchronous transactions such as the above? If not, then how can we imagine it would look like?

Is there a solution to the double spend problem that works on a delay tolerant network?


texts: Is the 21 Bitcoin computer using Core or Classic?

texts: The 21 Bitcoin computer is using Core, right? I can't find any information that says otherwise. Can someone please confirm this for me though?


texts: What's the best way for someone in Israel to move money in and out of Mt. Gox and/or Tradehill?

texts:
There is an Israeli bitcoin exchange (BitCoil), but it has been closed some time before and it doesn't currently support limit orders. I want to understand what's the best way, without using BitCoil, to move dollars in and out of Mt. Gox and/or TradeHill from an Israeli bank account.

The "best" way would be cheapest, most secure, convenient, fast and reliable.


texts: Why does the hash-rate change so drastically?

texts:
I've been watching the global estimated hash-rate, as estimated by blockchain.info.

While it is clearly increasing, it also varies around 20% day-to-day.
Yesterday, it was around 4,325,000 TH/s.
Today, it is 5,688,000 TH/s.

Wouldn't miners want to keep their equipment running 24/7?

That is a lot of hashing-power to go on and offline so frequently.
What is causing this?


texts: How to calculate block generation time from block's data?

texts:
I'm working on paper Double-Spending Attacks on Fast Payments in Bitcoin.

And I see they give out the result :

  block generation time is approximately 10 minutes (9 minutes and 54
  seconds), the standard deviation of the measurements was about 881.24
  seconds

They used data from blockexplorer, with data from block #0 to block # 153260.

Here is the data of Block #0 and Block #1

Then I calculate block generation as:

 Block generation time for block#n= (timestamp of block#n+1) - (timestamp of block#n)

But I get the result as below:

Mean: 9.8 minute = 9 minute 48 secod

standard deviation: 1477.469066205157

It's quite different to paper aforementioned paper.

If anyone worked or know how to work with blockchain data, please help me.


texts: Is the order of transaction inputs malleable?

texts: I'm looking to track transactions in a non-malleable way. To achieve this I've read the recommendations in this answer, but I don't understand how the order of transaction inputs isn't malleable. It's my understanding that each separate input is signed by the private key it's address is associated with, and thus a malleability attack could just swap the order of inputs and a tracking hash dependent a specific order would be rendered useless. Am I missing something here?


texts: Fun puzzle: How to generate keypair without anyone seeing the private key?

texts:
I've been trying to figure out a way for a bitcoin wallet keypair to be created between two or more people without either/any one of them holding the private key afterwards.

Instead, I want the buyer to hold a PGP-encrypted file that has the private key inside it.

The buyer is never, ever, to see that private key... It's the seller's wallet that is encrypted... But the seller can't have the private key yet either, just a public key, and the PGP key to open the PGP-protected file.

I thought about a 3rd man in the middle creating the wallet and putting it there, but then the 3rd guy could cash out the wallet himself later...

So is there a trustless way to put the keypair into a PGP file and send that file to the buyer and the PGP key to the seller?

Enjoy the puzzle!


texts: Wrong Electrum private keys when using BIP-84?

texts:
I'm running pre-release version d8dad7 of Electrum that supports BIP-84 HD derivations.

When exporting private keys, I'm getting WIF keys that are different from the expected output generated by bx or iancoleman.io/bip39.

Example

Create a new Electrum wallet by importing the mnemonic tumble mistake gift ill hungry chunk suggest limit artwork filter peanut exhaust with path m/84'/0'/0'.

The first pubkey (m/84'/0'/0'/0/0) is correctly generated:
0300e0d90c8cb3e1bb7b7a82bd1a118c615d97c03dd3c5f607636e9305a22bbd3e

bx shows the same key:

mnemonic="tumble mistake gift ill hungry chunk suggest limit artwork filter peanut exhaust"
echo $mnemonic | bx mnemonic-to-seed | bx hd-new | bx hd-private -i 84 -d | bx hd-private -i 0 -d | bx hd-private -i 0 -d | bx hd-private -i 0 | bx hd-private -i 0 |bx hd-to-public | bx hd-to-ec

In Electrum, the corresponding private key (Wallet -> Private keys -> export) is displayed as LEF3hMKjm4E1MVsGZLpPb5Bjza8p7qqRYn4GzjyCK8Uo1CX8w3z2.

But bx ...

 echo $mnemonic | bx mnemonic-to-seed | bx hd-new | bx hd-private -i 84 -d | bx hd-private -i 0 -d | bx hd-private -i 0 -d | bx hd-private -i 0 | bx hd-private -i 0 | bx hd-to-wif

... (like iancoleman.io/bip39) gives another result:
L5fR8BxqauJsNyrW1GRVnu6Fk8wAHRZhPLS9SHd6pej5isKt3qJH

Is this a bug in Electrum or an export scheme that differs from the regular WIF?

This discrepancy in private keys doesn't appear when using m/44'/0'/0' as the derivation path in Electrum.


texts: Cudaminer On Mac OS X installation error: "malloc.h: No such file or directory"

texts:
I'm almost completely ready to GPU mine but I'm stuck on step #25 of Option #2 of this tutorial:
http://www.reddit.com/r/dogemining/wiki/index/mac_mining_guide

after running this command inside Cudaminer-master:

make

I'm getting a missing file error:

sha3.cpp:9:20: fatal error: malloc.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
make[2]: *** [cudaminer-sha3.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make: *** [all] Error 2

I believe that it has something to do with modifying "scrypt.cpp" for the manual installation of Cudaminer. All tutorials tell you to make sure to include malloc like so:

#include <emmintrin.h>
#include <malloc/malloc.h>
#include <new>

It looks like the make command is still unable to find this malloc.h file, should malloc be edited in scrypt.cpp differently for OS X 10.7.5?

My Hackintosh PC is using an Nvidia GeForce 335m

I'm able to run games like BioShock on max settings and get great performance on this hackintosh, so the drivers seem to be doing great.

any ideas?


texts: What are some of the risks of speculating on bitcoin value?

texts:
Just like a commodity it is easy to buy and sell bitcoins. Current value is so much higher then it was just a few months ago it seems like a really great investment. Especially when you consider that there is a limited supply, and if bitcoins are widely adopted then the value could go up substantially.

However, looks can be deceiving in any investment, so what are some of the risks?


texts:
Considering following definition, can we say that bitcoin is a mesh network?

    A mesh network uses a network topology in which each node (called a mesh node) relays data for the network. All nodes cooperate in the distribution of data in the network. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesh_networking


texts:
Please help me end this argument.

How is 'scrypt' pronounced?

Could it be pronounced "script"? "Es Crypt"? "skriped"?

Thank you.


texts: What all the addresses are in my Electrum wallet?

texts:
What are addresses mean in Electrum? Are they some default/predefined/popular addresses? Are they all my BTC addresses?

Can I delete them entirely? I couldn't find delete option, only freeze.

Why are some green receiving and some yellow change?


texts: Is there a more space-efficient way to prove that a transaction is contained within a block?

texts:
SPV clients, like Electrum, ask for cryptographic proof that a transaction is contained in a block. This is done by including each merkle branch necessary to get a hash that's equal to the merkle root of the block. This takes log(2, N) * 32 bytes, where N is the number of transactions in the block.

Is there a more space-efficient way to cryptographically prove that a transaction is contained within a block?

For the sake of argument, let's assume that you're allowed to change how the block header and merkle tree is calculated, or replace it altogether.

An example of a possible improvement would be to change the hash function used for building merkle trees from SHA256d to RIPEMD-160 (or another 160 bit hash function, like SHA512/160). This would only take log(2, N) * 20 bytes.


texts: Get as many blocks as possible (stale, invalid, orphans)

texts:
I would like to download (and access) as much blocks as possible - including stale (extinct) blocks, orphans blocks and invalid blocks.
I have 0.11 official client.
My node is already synchronized but I can re-sync for that.
As I understand thanks to header-first IBD method (and maybe some other improvement) introduced in 0.10.0:

I have as few as possible stale blocks (only those downloaded after IBD)
I don't have invalid blocks
I don't have orphans as they were not materialized because they would be waiting for missing parents(?)

How can I download as much of them as possible?

Besides of downloading blocks what rpc calls should I use to query those blocks from local blockchain?

getbestblock will let me iterate using getblock from the most recent block all the way down to genesis
I can also getblock to iterate starting from genesis block

None of above gives access to stale or invalid. Orphaned were not materialized, correct?, so I'm not interested to access blocks which are still in-memory.


texts: What laws apply to selling / buying bitcoins for USD in California?

texts: Please help me identify any laws that would be potential blockers to selling and buying bitcoins in person.


texts: How does one monitor all bitcoin address that hold more than a certain amount and detect movement from cold storage?

texts: Is there a service or site where one can monitor all large bitcoin hodler addresses to detect movement? And as seen below with the mt.gox trustee moving coins from his cold storage. How does one find out when a mass exodus of cold storage movement happens?


texts:
This is a bitcoin transaction as shown in a blockchain explorer. What does ‘2 confirmations’ mean here? Sorry for the picture quality.
Which one is the best answer?

2 confirmations by miners are required for this transaction to be accepted by the network
2 other blockchain nodes have confirmed this transaction
The transaction is included in one block (of the blockchain) whose hash is included in the previous block


texts: Problem getting bitcoins into Bitcoin Core on Mac

texts:
I'm using Bitcoin Core on a MacBook Pro. A few month ago my computer crashed and I lost everything, so when I got a new computer I reinstalled Bitcoin Core but now I'm having an issue getting my bitcoins to show up in the newly installed Bitcoin Core. I have both the BTC address and the transaction ID under which the bitcoin were transferred to me when I purchased them and I have tried to add both of these on the page where you request payment, without any luck. Not sure what to do to get my bitcoin back as Bitcoin Core has even finished its synchronisation with the network and they are still not showing up...

M


texts: cannotsend error using python bitcoin library to send bitcoin on testnet

texts:
When I run the script

from bitcoin.core import COIN, b2lx
import bitcoin.wallet
import bitcoin.rpc

rpc = bitcoin.rpc.Proxy()
addr = bitcoin.wallet.CBitcoinAddress('mfrMeTKojpEXFXpcQiRr7zA3Bff4UBgZTx')

txid = rpc.sendtoaddress(addr, 0.001 * COIN)
print(b2lx(txid))

I get the following ERROR

CannotSendRequest                         Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-23-904d1d3102d7> in <module>()
----> 1 txid = rpc.sendtoaddress(addr, 0.001 * COIN)

/home/remote_user/unix_practice/python-bitcoinlib/bitcoin/rpc.py in sendtoaddress(self, addr, amount)
    557         addr = str(addr)
    558         amount = float(amount)/COIN
--> 559         r = self._call('sendtoaddress', addr, amount)
    560         return lx(r)
    561

/home/remote_user/unix_practice/python-bitcoinlib/bitcoin/rpc.py in _call(self, service_name, *args)
    150                              'User-Agent': DEFAULT_USER_AGENT,
    151                              'Authorization': self.__auth_header,
--> 152                              'Content-type': 'application/json'})
    153
    154         response = self._get_response()

/usr/lib64/python2.7/httplib.pyc in request(self, method, url, body, headers)
    971     def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers={}):
    972         """Send a complete request to the server."""
--> 973         self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
    974
    975     def _set_content_length(self, body):

/usr/lib64/python2.7/httplib.pyc in _send_request(self, method, url, body, headers)
    999             skips['skip_accept_encoding'] = 1
   1000
-> 1001         self.putrequest(method, url, **skips)
   1002
   1003         if body is not None and 'content-length' not in header_names:

/usr/lib64/python2.7/httplib.pyc in putrequest(self, method, url, skip_host, skip_accept_encoding)
    869             self.__state = _CS_REQ_STARTED
    870         else:
--> 871             raise CannotSendRequest()
    872
    873         # Save the method we use, we need it later in the response phase

CannotSendRequest:

Any idea how to resolve this? I used the code from

Sample Post


texts: How does Bitcoin protect itself from invalid peers from being broadcasted?

texts:
From what I've inferred, is that Bitcoin gets a list of peers from other nodes.  What is to prevent a malicious node from

Sharing many ip addresses that will cause timeouts and a delay in block replication?
Using the getpeers to cause a DOS attack on an unsuspecting person/website?


texts: Bitcoin Script: mandatory-script-verify-flag-failed Script failed an OP_EQUALVERIFY operation

texts:
I try to spend a P2SH transaction (in regtest) with a timelockscript of 200 blocks. I got the following error:

  mandatory-script-verify-flag-failed (Script failed an OP_EQUALVERIFY
  operation) (code 16)

Unfortunately I can't find the error, as the script and the sequence seems to be fine.

decodescript 02c800b27576a921023fb59ee7e5722a9c559d366f6ca114c73361108c04e27a18060cef7a727d58a988ac
{
  "asm": "200 OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY OP_DROP OP_DUP OP_HASH160 023fb59ee7e5722a9c559d366f6ca114c73361108c04e27a18060cef7a727d58a9 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
  "type": "nonstandard",
  "p2sh": "2NF4BoboM58w8JJgdvbe7i6J3R8Kb3Gugqi",
  "segwit": {
    "asm": "0 da6ffdda71c413d3b26344158aac0f086bf5d979df2b81f9551da5ef62ee71b0",
    "hex": "0020da6ffdda71c413d3b26344158aac0f086bf5d979df2b81f9551da5ef62ee71b0",
    "reqSigs": 1,
    "type": "witness_v0_scripthash",
    "addresses": [
      "bcrt1qmfhlmkn3csfa8vnrgs2c4tq0pp4ltktemu4cr724rkj77chwwxcq84ftzy"
    ],
    "p2sh-segwit": "2MvKhZeGAV5KpkQXYnB4BydLMwMZGw6N8Ap"
  }
}

decoderawtransaction 02000000013db72755b71d95be7f6785448b5387b6273ca26fd5e42204390899154b111a5300000000754830450221009b813cf658ec2c30e68fd23c369c348fd5f915f77b49581a945aa2f2f2d3c8aa022058f6a7eb78b2132d24cc260699fdc158fda6f3a0d10bc3c52bacccc03bb6b8cb012b02c800b27576a921023fb59ee7e5722a9c559d366f6ca114c73361108c04e27a18060cef7a727d58a988acc800007f0100127a00000000001976a914fd337ad3bf81e086d96a68e1f8d6a0a510f8c24a88ac00000000
{
  "txid": "7f0262e1448896a4091bf9d1c55e346766b2aa8c19895bccaf2194b610f02525",
  "hash": "7f0262e1448896a4091bf9d1c55e346766b2aa8c19895bccaf2194b610f02525",
  "version": 2,
  "size": 202,
  "vsize": 202,
  "weight": 808,
  "locktime": 0,
  "vin": [
    {
      "txid": "531a114b159908390422e4d56fa23c27b687538b4485677fbe951db75527b73d",
      "vout": 0,
      "scriptSig": {
        "asm": "30450221009b813cf658ec2c30e68fd23c369c348fd5f915f77b49581a945aa2f2f2d3c8aa022058f6a7eb78b2132d24cc260699fdc158fda6f3a0d10bc3c52bacccc03bb6b8cb[ALL] 02c800b27576a921023fb59ee7e5722a9c559d366f6ca114c73361108c04e27a18060cef7a727d58a988ac",
        "hex": "4830450221009b813cf658ec2c30e68fd23c369c348fd5f915f77b49581a945aa2f2f2d3c8aa022058f6a7eb78b2132d24cc260699fdc158fda6f3a0d10bc3c52bacccc03bb6b8cb012b02c800b27576a921023fb59ee7e5722a9c559d366f6ca114c73361108c04e27a18060cef7a727d58a988ac"
      },
      "sequence": 2130706632
    }
  ],
  "vout": [
    {
      "value": 0.08000000,
      "n": 0,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 fd337ad3bf81e086d96a68e1f8d6a0a510f8c24a OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
        "hex": "76a914fd337ad3bf81e086d96a68e1f8d6a0a510f8c24a88ac",
        "reqSigs": 1,
        "type": "pubkeyhash",
        "addresses": [
          "n4bkvTyU1dVdzsrhWBqBw8fEMbHjJvtmJR"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}


texts: Which transactions go through the SHA256 process of "trying to win the new block"?

texts:
It is commonly said that a new block that is hoped to be added to the existing blockchain is filled with transactions, and together with a nonce, go through SHA256 twice, and tries to be a small enough number (with many leading 0's)
Isn't it true that each miner or mining pool, can get different transaction to fill in?    Are these transactions coming in that "are hoped to be added to this new block in about 10 minutes"?  Some transaction are chosen because they offer a good fee. And it is just up to the miner or mining pool to decide which transaction go in?  So then, can the miner or mining pool put in one transaction, two transactions, 0 transactions, or any number of transactions?
So each miner or mining pool work off a block that are filled with different transactions plus a nonce?


texts: What is my incentive for sending old blocks?

texts:
If I am a miner, it makes sense for me to broadcast recent blocks since I want my chain to be the longest (see What encourages Bitcoin miners to relay blocks?).

However, what is my incentive for broadcasting old blocks? Deep blocks are very unlikely to be orphaned, so it seems that I get no gain from relaying them, despite it costing me bandwidth.


texts:
Does Ripple use NTP or expect the nodes to do so?

If not, why not?  It seems that Ripple is a little more closed than your standard cryptocurrency, so this doesn't seem like an excessive demand.


texts:
Can I use the wallet I created in blockchain.info with my local Bitcoin Core program ?

Or in other words, can I transfer the online created wallet locally ?
(by exporting or something similar)


texts: Ransomeware : Decrypt files got encrypted by cerber program

texts:
One of my friend, By mistake executed .bat file. By which a opensans.tff file was moved  to temp directory and was executed using run command. Outcome was that the program pulled all the files with extention like

.jpg
.png
.docx
etc

And converted this files in to encrypted files. Which are not in readable format. Now, the catch here is that if i want thoes file back then I will have to pay ransome and that is BITCOIN

I did lots of info gathering but all in vain. I am not able to figure out any method of recovering them back.

Guys here i need help your help to fix this issue. Any method or approach to get those file will be appreciated.


texts: Are blocks stored in blkxxxxx.dat files per line?

texts: Simple question. Is each line in a blkxxxxx.dat file a block?


texts: How to change the displayed denomination in GreenBits Android wallet?

texts:
I just installed GreenBits, the native Java wallet from GreenAddress.it, on my Android device and transferred 0.1 BTC to the wallet. I like it so far.

However, it displays my balance as 100,000 bits. That's cool, but I would like to stick to a more commonly used display like 0.1 BTC. All the news items say you can chose:

  All bitcoin denominations (BTC, mBTC, uBTC and Bits)

But I can't find anyway to change it. Anyone?


texts: How to recover access to funds with blockchain.info passphrase

texts:
Now at blockchain.info wallet I did backup my pass phrase. But I have no idea what my private key(s) are. There is no export that I can find. I understand there used to be.

If blockchain.info goes out of business, can I use my pass phrase to gain access to my funds from another wallet?


texts: How do you load the Android bitcoin backup key onto Bitcoin Qt?

texts: I have an Android wallet key and I want to load it onto my windows desktop. I am using Bitcoin-Qt, but i dont see an import option anywhere. How can this be done?


texts:
Is it possible to add a wallet descriptor in Electrum? I'm trying to make a watch only wallet that can sign transactions from a hardware device.
Thanks.


texts: Types of ScriptPubKey that can contain addresses

texts:
I'm trying to get the addresses from the ScriptPubKeys in each transaction (where possible). So far, I know of two patterns of ScriptPubKey where an address can be found:

1. Pay-To-Pubkey

04e70a02f5af48a1989bf630d92523c9d14c45c75f7d1b998e962bff6ff9995fc5bdb44f1793b37495d80324acba7c8f537caaf8432b8d47987313060cc82d8a93 OP_CHECKSIG

In this locking script, the code before OP_CHECKSIG is a public key, so that can be converted in to an address.

2. Pay-To-Pubkey-Hash

OP_DUP OP_HASH160 3d37cde30fdfcf29b2996a7ceefd220ba32c9f4b OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG

In this one, the code after OP_HASH160 (and before the next OP code) is the hash160 of a public key, so that can be converted to an address also.

Question:

Are there any other patterns of ScriptPubKey where addresses can be found?

Or in other words, will I be able to capture every address by working on all non-opcodes before OP_CHECKSIG, and all non-opcodes after OP_HASH160?


texts:
I was looking my bitcoind log and I saw this message:

Misbehaving: 91.230.200.131:8333 (90 -> 100) BAN THRESHOLD EXCEEDED

In which cases this message is shown and why?

It just a curiosity.


texts: "Failed to subscribe" - poclbm over SSL - Ubuntu

texts:
So I have setup bitcoind -daemon on a server. On plain HTTP, I can connect to the server from my machine and start mining with poclbm.py (at a slow rate but I am preparing my environment before upgrading H/W)

Then I have created the self-signed certificate successfully, and from a remote machine I can get the SSL certificate validation using openssl s_client command. I had trouble with the openssl s_client command when not including the

rpcsslciphers=TLSv1+HIGH:!SSLv2:!aNULL:!eNULL:!AH:!3DES:@STRENGTH

part in the conf, but after adding it it as ok.

Then added option rpcssl=1 in bitcoin.conf.

Now I get a Failure to subscribe followed by IO errors - 1, tolerance 2.

Is there anything else to check? Running poclbm with -verbose doesn't show more output.


texts: I've a question in mind: As we all know, bitcoin database hosting is a highly resource consuming operation cause of the way block chain works. For now bitcoin is being hosted and served through mining operation which is done by both individuals and cooperate whom are generouslly rewarded with bitcoins which almost exceeded the price of 1 kilo gold. My question is: When bitcome has finally reached it's named limits which is 21 million coins, who is going host bitcoin's database then and pay all these huge electric bills when there is no more coins to be given and the mining operations stops?


texts: Running two bitcoind instances for different nets

texts: Is it possible to run two separate bitcoind instances on one system at the same time, one for mainnet, other for testnet?


texts: How many different formats can a public address take?

texts:
I'm creating an offline index to report off of the block chain.  I plan on indexing each transaction based on the address displayed in the TX.

Are all addresses Base58?   I believe I also read about a compact address and an address type that was used in the beginning of the blockchain before Satoshi knew of/implemented address compression using Base58.


texts: Neutrino enables full mining nodes without storing the entire chain?

texts:
in follow-up to thread 85203:

With a fully implemented Neutrino (BIP 157/8) in Bitcoin, would it enable one to operate a MINING Node without having to use/store the entire gigabytes of blockchain files?

thx


texts:
OK, so I had several backed up .dat files on google which I put in opentimestamps
I could see that these files had time stamp data...   so I uploaded and *****below is what the results were.
What does all this mean?
I just want the bitcoins that I know I have.  I had a wallet.dat from a gui miner I downloded on my pc in 2012.  This has been a nightmare.  I am willing to offer a % of the BTC to anyone who can actually help me.  And no python...  That just has frustrated me beyond my limits.  I have over 50k private keys even more addresses.  My Bitcoin Core Wallet was on my pc since 2012.  I have not run a full node and have since lost access to that pc as it crashed.  I have all the backups...  anyhow..  my question (sense the frustration yet?)
****** What do I do with this? Please use as much lamen terms as possible.  Talk to me as if I am in intro to bitcoin in the 5th grade...
Timestamp of d800xxxxxxx7
Document digest (SHA256): d80XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx6
Download this timestamp
Return to upload page
d800XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXxb6 SHA256(Document)
d800aXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXxef
Append(a4a414...)
92bXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXxa
SHA256()
Fork into 3 paths
Fork
1 92bXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx9
Append(dbf1cf...)
1 f2d4XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx
SHA256()
1 5f030XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx
Prepend(5f0304...)
1 5f03XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx4a
Append(1360d4...)
1 Pending attestation: server https://alice.btc.calendar.opentimestamps.org
Attestation
2 92XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx355
Append(e229a8...)
2 9f8XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
SHA256()
2 6XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXcecdXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX62
Prepend(625692...)
2 c00XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX44
SHA256()
2 5f0XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX44
Prepend(5f0304...)
2 5fXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX32
Append(9dd925...)
2 Pending attestation: server https://bob.btc.calendar.opentimestamps.org
Attestation
3 92bXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Append(270839...)
3 2XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXf
SHA256()
3 3XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX6e34aXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX68f
Prepend(3016ec...)
3 1ebeXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
SHA256()
3 5f0XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXxc41
Prepend(5f0304...)
3 5f03XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx16
Append(326fc5...)
3 Pending attestation: server https://finney.calendar.eternitywall.com
Attestation


texts: Will running a pruned node make my store less secure?

texts: We run our own nodes to verify transactions for our store and I was wondering what will be the downsides to me running a pruned node? I read they can fully verify a transaction so I'm not too sure why I need a full copy of the blockchain.


texts: How would one inject a blockchain fork to the Bitcoin network?

texts:
For theoretical purposes, how would one inject a blockchain fork in to the Bitcoin network? For example, lets say we have a small chain of blocks prepared in a program that is not a standard client / standard client with modified code. Can one force a client to accept those blocks through getmemorypool RPC command, or will the client not accept any block that would not go at the tip of the current blockchain?

What are the ways of getting a blockchain fork into the Bitcoin network?

EDIT:
I'm not talking about alternative blockchain forks, like SolidCoin, etc., but rather about a fork in the standard Bitcoin chain/testnet chain that would cause some blocks to be orphaned.


texts:
I'm trying to visualize how a typical P2SH script gets executed, as I realize that it's a special form of script that gets executed slightly differently to a standard script.

Before P2SH:

Before P2SH added new validation rules, nodes would execute the script like this:

In other words, an old node would just be happy to check the the HASH160 of the redeem script matches the HASH160 in the scriptPubKey. No MULTISIG validation would need to take place, because OP_1 (TRUE) would be left on top of the stack.

After P2SH:

With the new validation rules, I'm guessing the script executes something like this:

Question:

Does P2SH validation create a second stack using a copy of the redeem script, and then validate that stack before moving on to deserializing the redeem script (and then validating that script as normal)?

I'm hoping that my visualization of P2SH execution isn't misleading.


texts: How to get bitcoin P2SH (3*) address balance with bitcoind

texts:
i'm trying to understand how to calculate/obtain balance of a P2SH address added to my running bitcoind with "addmultisigaddress..." and that is properly displayed by the command "getaddressesbyaccount" (it starts with 3* instead of 1*).

Now, i've created and spent a raw transaction to transfer some funds to that P2SH address, after a while I was able to find this transaction on blockexplorer.com and blockchain.info, so I can assume that funds are regularry transferred.

The problem is that I can't see those coins in my balance, also having more then 100 confirms (i'm using bitcoind v0.8.6). So I can imagine that bitcoind not recognize this transaction directly as mine via the blockchain (10GB+). Is there an alternative way not involving external services?

Thank you


texts:
I have question about the source code, under src/amount.h I see the max coin supply being 21.000.000 (million) under the variable called MAX_MONEY. I want to ask what other variables mean,

CAmount COIN

CAmount CENT

And I want to know how they're used. As an interest in forking coins, I am analyzing source code and I would like to see how these numbers affect the blockchain.

Here is the link.

https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/amount.h


texts: How do i trade bitcoin with an altcoin if my wallet doesn't support that altcoin?

texts: Let's say i buy 1 bitcoin and i have it on my wallet. So let's say  bought that bitcoin to trade it for komodo. how do i trade it, i mean how will i get in the posession of the komodo if my current wallet doesn't support the komodo coin?


texts: How can you generate a bitcoin Public Key from an existing Private Key using openssl?

texts:
I know that you can generate a new key pair with a command like.

openssl  ecparam -genkey -name secp256k1

And the resulting output will contain a new private key with the encoded public key.

Is it possible for openssl to generate the public key straight from an existing private key only?

Just to be clear I mean Bitcoin Public Key and not Public Address


texts: What are Green Addresses? Is it true that they can solve the "confirmation delay" problem, and how does that work? Are there any drawbacks?


texts: Mining profitability sounds too good, where is the catch?

texts:
I am a beginner looking into Bitcoin mining. I don't want to waste time (or electricity) so I started looking into hardware mining rigs, for example:
Saturn

priced at $3000 USD,
275GH/s, consumes ~400Watt
(or even Monarch from butterfly labs which claims 600GH/sec @ 350W, priced $4700)

I put these numbers + my local electricity price + current difficulty into a decent calculator,
and I get >7,000 $USD profit for 3 months time frame (or >18,000$ for the Monarch). Sounds a bit too good to be true.

I know BTC/USD rate might fluctuate, and that the miner will produce heat, but still. - Where's the catch/mistake, if at all?


texts: Electrum 2 validation: how is the HMAC always 01...?

texts:
Electrum version 2 creates a seed from a random number which is then encoded as a mnemonic. The seed is validated by checking that the hmac begins with the bytes 01 or 101 for standard and 2fa types, respectively.

I have looked at the python code on github and indeed it does return the 01 byte but I am still confused as to how one can ensure a hash is going to start with a predicted value (01\101).

How can this be so? Is it that I'm missing the nuance of what the code does or the concept of how hmac works


texts:
When you buy bitcoins with USD or other currency on Bitfloor, it quotes you an "average price" per bitcoin and says the "actual price may vary" once the order is completed.

The "average price" stated changes periodically, but it always lags the present actual market price on Bitfloor.

Question 1: when I hit the BUY button, what price do I get?  The "average price" or the current market price on Bitfloor?

Question 2: how does bitfloor calculate this "average price"?


texts: How to check ownership of wallet with segwit address

texts:
So .. this seems like a simple question.

If i have a wallet and someone wants to send me BTC. I want to make sure they own the wallet they claim to be sending funds from. Usually people do something like a satoshi test do confirm this.

Before segwit one could sign a message and with address given, you could decrypt the message to confirm they actually own the wallet containing that address.

After segwit that functionality is broken.

Furthermore, i can't take the getrawtransaction <trans> 1 command to find the vin of the transaction and the to extract the txid and vout of the vin. Then using that txid and again run getrawtransaction <trans> 1 and look at the coorepsonding vout and the "n" that matches the previous vout not longer works after segwit. (all of this makes sense as the way transactions are formed is completely different).

Therefore: If someone is supposed to send me 0.00001 BTC, how do i verify what wallet that came from.

In Simpler terms: How can i verify that someone owns a wallet with segwit addresses?


texts:
We have example in the wiki:

[...]
Output 1:
 40 4B 4C 00 00 00 00 00                           - 0.05 BTC (5000000)
 19                                                - pk_script is 25 bytes long

 76 A9 14 1A A0 CD 1C BE  A6 E7 45 8A 7A BA D5 12  - pk_script
 A9 D9 EA 1A FB 22 5E 88  AC
[...]

What is the pk_script? Is it possible to translate it to bitcoin address being offline (not synced with network)? How to do this?

EDIT:

OK, I understand more right now:

 pk_script
 76 (OP_DUP)
 A9 (OP_HASH160)
 14 (Bytes to push)
 1A A0 CD 1C BE  A6 E7 45 8A 7A BA D5 12 A9 D9 EA 1A FB 22 5E (Data to push)
 88 (OP_EQUALVERIFY)
 AC (OP_CHECKSIG)

A I understand I should use b58encode_check on "data to push" to get bitcoin address. I have found python library which implements b58encode_check (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/base58) and did try with it:

for byte in (0x1A, 0xA0, 0xCD, 0x1C, 0xBE,  0xA6, 0xE7, 0x45, 0x8A, 0x7A, 0xBA, 0xD5, 0x12, 0xA9, 0xD9, 0xEA, 0x1A, 0xFB, 0x22, 0x5E):
    buffer += chr(byte)
print b58encode_check(buffer)

But I got 3RoCeq4K8ddPW6ugcheFoXK4GC2Ajo7ZF which don't look like bitcoin address. What I'm doing wrong?


texts:
sorry if this question is for another place but I've been wondering are mining rigs mobile( can i move them from room to room in my place with ease without wondering if they will boot up properly or..? ) and can a rig be placed in a room with some moisture ( nothing big,its a room where my deep freezer,foodstuffs and tools are, something like a cellar...)
Also is it better to get amd based gpus or nvidia?


texts: Crypto platform that provides a good looking report for the purpose of obtaining mortgage?

texts:
My mortgage broker:

They aren’t happy with your proof of deposit. The bitcoins are fine. But you will need to provide a statement of your portfolio. It needs to come from the provider / platform where your funds are held. It needs to have your name on it.

I don't think it is possible to convince them cryptographic signature is enough. They want to see a statement...
Tried looking at popular platforms...
Coinbase

Binance (some dust)

I would like to make them happy...
...which platform offers a good looking statement?


texts: How security is managed in Cryptocurrencies with no mining possibility

texts:
I know pretty well how the bitcoin and ethereum blockchain works respectively, but I'm seeing a lot of new cryptocurrencies with no mining system. As far I'm aware the blockchain needs miners to give security to transactions, and the miners do their job because of the coin mining reward, so it makes sense from an economic and tech point of view.

But all those cryptos without mining cannot ensure transactions, right? Doesn't it opposite to the basic bitcoin philosophy?
Can anyone provide also a technical answer to blockchain transactions security management, without miners?

Thanks!


texts: Recovery after losing wallet.dat and formatting hard disk

texts:
I have received the bitcoin way back in 2013 in Bitcoin Core. At that time I don't know about the importance of wallet.dat - I have formatted my hard disk and install Bitcoin Core again in 2017 but there it didn't show my Bitcoin in my balance. I have my Bitcoin Key.
I meant "Bitcoin Key" is my Public Key on which I got my bitcoin. Is there any other way to get my Bitcoin back if I didn't get my original wallet.dat of Bitcoin Core?
How can I get my bitcoin back?
How can I get to know my Private Key?


texts: What does the little-endian notation improve for Bitcoin?

texts: In another thread I read that the little-endian notation speeds things(?) up. Has someone info on what exactly it improves for Bitcoin?


texts: Could you use ASICBOOST on Bitcoin Cash?

texts: Can you use ASICBOOST on the Bitcoin Cash blockchain or would it not work.


texts: Multisignature: what happens if the number of signatures exceeds the "threshold" number of public keys?

texts:
Let's say a coin has been locked with a 2-of-3 challenge script. In other words, spending the coin requires two signatures, each of which matches one of three designated public keys.

Now I try to spend the coin with a transaction containing, not two signatures, but three. All three signatures are valid and match a different designated public key.

The complete validation script will contain eight values:

<3>
<PK1>
<PK2>
<PK3>
<2>
<SIG1>
<SIG2>
<SIG3>
<0>

AFAIK, the only way for the interpreter to know the number of signatures is the value <2>, which was provided by the challenge script, not my response script. It seems that the only way for OP_CHECKMULTISIG to know how many signatures to pop is the value <2>.

However, popping only two values leaves the stack like this:

<SIG3>
<0>

Then the interpreter checks to see that the next value on the stack is 0, which it is not:

https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/0.10/src/script/interpreter.cpp#L894

As I understand it, this scenario should lead to failure of the verification script.

Is this correct?


texts: An ECDSA algorithm when signing a given messages produces a pair of outputs, r and s. How, given a sigStr from a Tx can one extract r and s? Are they just concatenated byte arrays of a specific length, or is there more to it?


texts: How does Segwit achieve backwards compatibility in terms of the block size?

texts: If SegWit results in production of blocks that are larger than 1MB, how do old nodes see them as valid, instead of rejecting them due to exceeding the maximal allowed size of 1MB?


texts: What’s the point of wannacry for exchanging Bitcoins to Monero?

texts:
At first glance, exchanging Bitcoin for Monero makes sense.  But why use Monero with an exchange, which is likely to help the police? (And which did.)

Monero transactions are private only on the block explorer. The sender has a key (view key) that allows one to view to whom and how much was sent.

So, what’s the point of using Monero in that case, rather than something that would resist investigators, like Zcash ?


texts: How do SPV clients acquire transactions from other nodes and verify that they are part of the blockchain?

texts:
I explored SPV clients as a subject from a lot of different resources, but there are a few of things that are keeping me confused:

I found out that SPV clients have no mempool even though SPV clients are participating in transaction verification. So, what happens when the node verifies a transaction? Is a SPV client checking only its own outgoing transactions?
Does a transaction that a SPV client is trying to verify have a block hash as a reference where the transaction came from? Is that how a SPV client knows in which block to search for the target transaction when the SPV asks a full node for part of Merkle tree?
A SPV client asks a full node for hashes inside the Merkle tree, so it can reconstruct the part of the tree it is interested in and checks that way if a transaction is really in the block that the transaction is referring to. Is this correct? And if it is, is there anything more these two clients share?
If I'm on the right path, how do bloom filters help in increasing of level of privacy since SPV clients still needs to ask a full node for a transaction by its hash?

Thank you.


texts: Only one chain is appearing in Miner Status on Antminer S9

texts: I just hooked up my miner after returning from training. when i first hooked it up all 3 chains were visible but then i moved the miner to a more permanent location and hooked it back up. now only one chain is appearing. i thought it might have been an issue with the 110 outlets, so i unhooked one hash board so only one board is hooked up to my PS (i use 2, one for one board and the miner, the other for 2 boards). Even after doing this only one chain is appearing.


texts: Derive new public keys from a public key?

texts:
This article says you can generate new public keys from an already generated public key. How is this possible?

https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/deterministic-wallets-advantages-flaw-1385450276

I thought you could only generate new public keys from private keys. What is the mathematical property that guarantees this? Is there a kind of associativity, or better say, an homomorphism between the set of private keys and public keys? Because the article says that you can either sum before or after the public key is generated.


texts: What if I backup my wallet from a client that is not fully synced with the blockchain?

texts:
I've just backed up an encrypted wallet, but the client (Bitcoin-Qt) is 26 weeks behind.

During these last 26 weeks this wallet has only received BTC (roughly one transaction per day), no payments were made from it.

I have a few questions:

(1) If I install a new client on a new machine, import wallet from this backup, and then let the new client fully sync with the blockchain, will I have access to the BTC received during the last 26 weeks, or these funds (or some them) will have been lost?

(2) I have run the keypoololdest, which returns May 10th 2014; I assume this is the date of the oldest unused key in the pool. The last outbound payment from this wallet was in May 2014, about a week after the keypoololdtest date.

The date which is 26 weeks behind today is Jan 29th 2015, which is 264 days after the keypoololdtest date.

Could someone please shed some light on what's going on here?

(3) Are keypool keys only used on outbound transactions (to receive change), or each inbound payment also uses up a key?

Thanks in advance!


texts: How can I make this PHP merkle root script recursive?

texts:
I've been trying to write my own merkle root script in PHP to help with my own understanding, but I've always struggled with recursion.

I've managed to write the function that will hash pairs of TXIDs, but I don't know how to make it keep calling itself so that I end up with only one hash left in the array.

http://pastebin.com/1C6sSbeE


texts: Can you buy bitcoins as a Canadian without a bank account?

texts: So is it 100% true that one cannot but bitcoins with just a credit card BUT your purchase MUST be connected to a bank account?  If it's supposed go be anonymous then why is the bank account needed? I just want to try owning $10 worth of bitcoins by buying with a credit card...is that possible?


texts: Crashing problem when running 2 x 7950's on Corsair CX750 in mining rig

texts:
I currently have 2 PC's with a Corsair CX750 PSU in both of them.  I bought 4 x Sapphire Radeon 7950's with the intention of having two in each PC. The cases are open and the GPU's have been mounted via PCI-e riser cables so they run a bit cooler away from the motherboard.

From everything I read before purchasing the components, the CX750 would have plenty of power to run 2 x 7950's at the same time, but I'm having problems running them together.

Currently I can only get a cgminer stable system (Windows 7) when running the two GPU's at intensity 16 together. Anything higher than that and the sytem crashes. However I can run individual cards at intensity 19/20 for a long time without crashing.

I've tried running GP0 at intensity 16 and GPU1 at 19, but the crashing still occurs.

I've tried swapping the cards but they don't seem to be the problem. And I've tried different combinations in each of the PC's (they use different motherboards), but the crashing still occurs.

So this IMO rules out the GPU's, the motherboards, the CPU and memory from causing any problems. Which leave the PSU and the riser cards as the possible cause.

The PC's are using Zalman cases and the wiring is nice and tidy, and the temperature are fine.

So what could be causing the problems here? I had BAMT running before I tried Windows, so I thought that might the problem. But alas not.

Surely the CX750 PSU's are up to the job? Any ideas?

PS. I'm running the mining rigs inside cases instead of an open frame because I want to use the components for actual work at a later date.  As they only have 2 GPU's in each there shouldn't be a heat issue, and the cards run at a steady 70c.


texts: How to delete a Copay wallet when there is nothing showing on my device to do so. I clicked the plus (+) sign next to Bitcoinc on the home page and got many ways to create wallets, but no way to delete a wallet.


texts: Do I need to scan the whole blockchain to determine a balance?

texts:
My understanding of how the blockchain works is that to determine the balance of an address one must find all the transactions that have outputs to that address. So, the only way to be sure you are not missing a transaction is that you have to scan the whole blockchain to determine the balance of an address.

Is that correct?


texts: Can I know if a bitcoin private/public key or address was derived from another key in an HD wallet by its structure?

texts:
If I have a bitcoin private key, public key or address, can I know if it is a root private key or some other part which derived from a root private key in an HD wallet by the structure of it?

To be more specific - I don't need to know any details about the parent keys or to connect a hierarchy between two keys - just to know by the structure if to treat this key/address as "unique" one in my program.


texts: I have a stuck transaction (2 days already)

texts:
I have this transaction :

https://blockchain.info/tx/8fdb3e8a0a33b3d1721b6ef7c1c2608b1e1a8aacd8857e22287b120c09ee988a

I understand it's stuck because of the low value i spended but look at the fee.

Do you know how much time it will take to be confirmed ?

Can i do somthing to make it confirm faster ?

I was thinkig to merge it with this one :

https://blockchain.info/tx/25f232656860a196b3e694275cc217c6382f638230663de13946ba5e4df80a1d

Is it possible ?


texts: Where do I get the public key to verify the Bitcoin.org PGP signed message?

texts:
I've downloaded the Bitcoin client from https://bitcoin.org/en/download

I also downloaded the PGP signed file that shows the SHA256 file signatures:
https://bitcoin.org/bin/bitcoin-core-0.12.1/SHA256SUMS.asc

How do I verify this PGP signed file? When I use the command "gpg --verify SHA256SUMS.asc", I get the message

gpg: Signature made Fri Apr 15 02:37:20 2016 EDT using RSA key ID 36C2E964
gpg: Can't check signature: public key not found

Where do I get the public key?


texts: How can I reate a block chain and a bitcoin wallet as I want to start trading in bitcoins.  I have never opened a bitcoin waller or block chain and am not sure if I should have both?


texts: If I run a node with prune=550 does the Bitcoin Daemon still receive update tips (mined blocks) just as fast as a full node?


texts:
How does blockchain promise data confidentiality when the data is not encrypted?

Or data confidentiality is not part of blockchain feature?


texts: Why does Bitcoin support both compressed and uncompressed keys/addresses?

texts:
My question is about the difference between compressed keys and addresses, and i know it was addressed in another question but my question is less about the theory and more about how the keys are used practically in Bitcoin.
So heres what I did: I used dumpprivkey for an address 183Tw2TqXKkbk5ZeocTYwmxg8x46ADXb6c in the .7.2 client, and got L5DTi7rgqsPg7Vq1vTU2dP2HWMEsNM5w5JCqEDXXXXXXXXXXXX. When i pasted this into bitaddress.org's wallet details script it returned several things. First, it showed a different address 1FKswUuFsjWKyr4ZPSe3vEpp1iCXXChBZm, but it also showed the address above and said it was the compressed version. I sent like 0.0001 to each of the 2 addresses and my satoshi client only shows a transaction recieved from the 183 (compressed) address.
Can someone please explain in practical terms what the difference is and why they both even exist in Bitcoin? Any help is appreciated.


texts: How to upgrade Bitcoin Core from 0.18 to 0.20 on Ubuntu 18.04?

texts: I've installed Bitcoin Core on Ubuntu 18.04 (CLI). Now, the version 0.20 of Bitcoin Core is released and I want to upgrade my server to it, but it seems the new version is not included in PPA yet. May you help me to upgrade my Bitcoin Core server to 0.20 in a safe and correct way please?


texts: Bitcoin Core wallet fails to load and requires reindex after I already did it

texts:
My Bitcoin Core is synchronized. But I can't open a wallet, it says that I might need a reindex. Though I already did it. Also I can't do dumpprivkey because it says that no wallet is loaded.
How can I make it work or at least get my private key in order to use another wallet..?


texts: CoinMe Issue Clarification of Transaction?

texts: I made a withdrawal from a CoinMe wallet online to the BTC address 379h4LPA9fGBw6p2zEKnNhCSfayzETdtka for 500.00 however the remainder from that wallet was transferred to this wallet address 1ZX2pmcSNfnpchnBFktZmSy9inDkjnpAW 1824.51. Coinme is now saying , after locking my account, immediately after 500.00 transaction that I have no balance as it was transferred out. How could that happen ? How could my 500.00 withdrawal to one address then split make two payments. Their screens do not offer that as an option. the 500.00 landed safe and sound. why did it take the rest and send to 1ZX2pmcSNfnpchnBFktZmSy9inDkjnpAW . I have attempted to research on my own but cannot understand. I don't understand what to do.  Coinme is insisting that I transferred the entire amount to two serperate wallets.  My hunch is that remainder of my funds were simply moved to another coinme account and my "delightful customer service rep understands even less than I do.  5 Days before XMAS with a 10 year old. Originally they put a "check" in the mail. LOL I need to know what happeened and why. Is there anyone that can explain this to me..  Please


texts: In the Ardor platform, what are all the different "types" and "subtypes" in a transaction?

texts: In the Ardor platform, there are different types of transactions. What do each number type represent? Some are asset transfers, send transaction, and voting. Where can I find a list of these types of transactions?


texts: Are there RPC calls for correct RBF calculations in Bitcoin Core?

texts:
Imagine I have a "stuck" transaction using Bitcoin Core (with correct BIP125 signalling), and I want to "unstuck" it using RBF.

Is there some RPC call for the correct fee calculation?

Meaning, is there a call that would help me with creating a transaction that will be accepted in a certain block target, given the current fee estimations? Ideally in the same way the GUI version already does it.

I know it is possible to calculate that using getmempoolentry (ancestorfees and ancestorsize) and estimatesmartfee, but that is non-trivial.


texts: Are there any online services available to exchange prepaid cards into BTC?

texts:
I live in the USA.
I would like to use prepaid cards to buy some BTC (less than $100USD)
I've tried trucoin.com and the wait time is enormous, 4 days since sign up and still haven't received an invite.

I've also tried circle.com but they do not currently accept prepaid options.

What other options does a prepaid card user have?


texts: How is locktime enforced in the standard client?

texts:
I am trying to study the locktime feature of transactions ( https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_specification#tx ). I have created some raw transactions in the testnet with different locktimes, but, when I send them, they are confirmed as usual. I have also been able to spend the just sent coins immediately. When I dump the block, the locktime field looks correct.

How is the locktime checked when confirming a transaction? Can someone point me to the piece of the code that does the checking?

Or am I wrong and locktime is really not implemented?


texts: How is the monetary part of bitcoin stored?

texts:
How is the monetary aspect of a bitcoin stored?
I understand that the blockchain is a set of records documenting transactions. I've also seen that blockchains in general can store arbitrary information (such as contracts, small notes, etc).

What I don't understand is how monetary values are recorded, exchanged, and divided.

Is a literal number value encrypted into the transaction? Or is it something more abstract?


texts: Can I prioritize my transaction in Bitcoin?

texts: How can I prioritize my transaction in Bitcoin? Does Bitcoin has any feature that can provide me fees required in case I want my transaction to be sent as high priority?


texts: Bitcoin Vanitygen > how to edit .cl kernel file to so that it will verify the public key directly instead

texts:
So im trying to create a vanityaddress, which is 1 followed by my 10 chars plus some random chars, no matter how i try i get 9 right out of my chars  not the 10th chars , so i everyday get bunch of address but not the one  i want, i dont care what it comes after 1oth char,  is there a way to narrow down your search, ? or how to edit the .cl kernal file  see verify the public key directly instead of converting it to an address and then comparing it.  costum seed file etc , how ....

1Mycharsss?XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX


texts: Is there some resourses where I can sell pc time for mining?

texts: is there some resourses where I can sell pc time for mining. I'm not talking about project where people set "some software" on pc and recive 1$ per day, that was popular on time low cost mining of bitcoin and where people even don't know that they mine bitcoins. I`m talking of market where people fully understand what they do. I know about cex.io, but there you buy and sell power of hoster, not your personal calculating power. The only place what I found is ebay, where from time to time people sell their calculate power for hours or days. Anything similar?


texts:
Bought bitcoin and have a balance in a exchange account at Poloniex. Is there another step I need to take or is this where the estimated value that changes is where I will be able to send this back to Edge, and change back to USD.
I guess my question is: Is this money at work for me here or do I need to do something else.
And is this deposit safe where it is or is there a layer of security that needs to be taken.
Obvious to say I'm new to this and also thank you for your help!!


texts:
I see in the bitcoin wiki there is something called "script" which compiles down to some bytecode to be run by a very very basic virtual machine.
Does this mean that each block is actually just a string/array of bytes when it comes in and is processed by a node?
so a block in its "true" format would look something like [0x01, 0x04, 0x0f, 0xa1.... etc. ?

and then the node that recieves the block just puts the bytes into the interpreter to be run by the bitcoin VM?

which is correct? a block is pure bytecode or JSON? what would a bitcoincore node understand when receiving a new block?


texts: ZeroMQ Notifications in Browser JavaScript

texts:
I am trying to develop an online application primarily in JavaScript. As I am aware, the only way to receive notifications for unconfirmed/mempool transactions as they appear on the network is to utilize the -zmqpubrawtx or -zmqpubhashtx commands in the startup of Bitcoin-Core. I have setup one of these values to be the example -zmqpubhashtx=tcp://127.0.0.1:28332

However, I am having a difficult time implementing this in any browser based JavaScript. The only library that is not based solely on Node.js is JSMQ which does not appear to support tcp:// as the socket type (apparently relies on JavaScripts WebSocket which only lets you use ws:// or wss://). I am trying to avoid online API usage such as blockchain.info, etc.

My question:
Are there any other methods of receiving realtime unconfirmed transactions notifications (that don't belong to a specific wallet) and that doesn't rely on an external/online API? If there is no alternative, are there any known/reputable libraries available for ZeroMQ for JavaScript


texts: Bidirectional channel opening in c-lightning

texts:
With the current version of c-lightning is it possible to open a bidirectional channel funded by both parties?
I managed to open a channel with fundchannel command, but that seems to be a unidirectional channel, since only I provided the funds.
I don't understand how the entire network can work if we can open channels funded by just one party.


texts:
Possible Duplicate:
  How do you obtain bitcoins?

I live in Europe and, because of that, I would like to buy some bitcoins with my savings "just in case". I'm a student, so I'm talking about between 500 and 1000 € (it is not much money, I know).

What I would like to know is a trustful website to buy bitcoins. I plan to have my wallet encrypted in my computer, so its not about the security of the wallet, but the security of the transaction. Is Mt. Gox safe? Can I buy there with euros? Can I avoid paying a fee?

I'm sorry if these are very basic questions, but I haven't found any similar question, and I think that newbies (like me) will appreciate it.


texts: Given the probability of finding a block, and time taken, can I infer hashrate?

texts:
I'm trying to externally calculate the hashrate of a given miner based only on an arbitrarily defined target that I assign, then calculate probability it will be found.  Once this probability is calculated I want to estimate how long it should (on average) take to find a block.

Is this a feasible thing to do?

What is the math required to determine hashrate?

Example: Given that target is 1, and the miner submitted the block in 10 minutes.


texts: How would the OpenBazaar or NXT decentralized marketplace / eBay / Craigslist work?

texts:
Since NXT and OpenBazaar are building a decentralized marketplace, how would this work since there is no middle party to mediate if an issue arises?

What are some proposed solutions to a decentralized marketplace so far?


texts: How much data traffic does participating in P2Pool mining cause?

texts: In an earlier question we learned some rough numbers about how much data does regular pool mining use. However, I wonder how much data is typically used when one is mining in a P2Pool?


texts: How to remove a wallet from Android Bitcoin Wallet

texts:
I'm using Bitcoin Wallet for Android.  I recently backed up my wallet's keys and did a fresh install to a new device and restored my wallet there.  All great so far..

I'd now like to remove the fresh empty wallet that the app created for me when I did the install, but can't find a way to remove it from the application's address book.  Anyone know how I might do this?


texts: How can trading phisical goods in the blockchain be safe?

texts:
Suppose we have two people: a merchant (Bob) and a buyer (Alice).
Alice wants to buy an expensive good from Bob in excange of bitcoins, so she contacts him and sends him the amount of bitcoin needed. When Bob receives the bitcoins, and the transaction is in a block which has enough blocks built on top of it, he ships the good and both live happily ever after.

But

Bob could be a malicious merchant and take alice's bitcoins and never ship the good, and he could get away with that. So Alice requests a signed message from Bob prior to sending her coins, so she has the proof that Bob actually requested her coins and can hold him accountable for it. Now they can both live happily ever after.

But

Alice could be a malicious buyer and claim that the good was never shipped, even tough she has received it, or claim that it is broken whatsoever. She could be rigth or she could be malicious and Bob has no way of knowing it and he obviously doesn't want to send a refund if the good is good. So they "hire" an escrow (another bitcoin user) to act as a third party in as 2 out of 3 multisig contract. In this way if the good was broken and Bob had fled Alice could ask the escrow to sign the contract with her and get her money back. Or if the escrow does not believe Alice he/her could refuse to sign the contract leaving the money to Bob. And they all live happily ever after.

Now the question

How can Bob (an honest merchant) trust the escrow not to pair with Alice in a completely arbitrary way at his damage? He could have shipped an €900 smartphone and get nothing from it because Alice paired with the escrow to get a refund, and once he has signed a 2 out of 3 multisign contract there is nothing he can do to prevent that from happening.

So

How can a merchant ever be willing to trade his phisical assets over the blockchain if it has not the top security in doing so? In addition to that Alice is just an address hash so he can't hold her accountable in a legal way, while a merchant is likely to provide his bitcoin address over the net in his certified website so his identity is known, and he can be held accountable by that. What am I missing?


texts: Compared to Slush's pool, how exactly does Eligius payout owed bitcoins to the miners?

texts:
I have mined a bit on both pools. Slush builds up an amount in your account and once it passes a threshold that you set, Slush sends you a payout that comes from another wallet. Eligius sets the threshold (and it is quite low too), and once your "account" passes it, Eligius sends out the payment directly from the newly generated coins.

I have enough imagination to see how Slush's pool and site manage the workers and send out the payments, but I cannot wrap my head around how Eligius does it that way.

How does Eligius pay miners directly from the newly generated coins? What are the pros and cons of this compared to how Slush does it? Are there other pools that do the same thing? Is this only possible with BTC and it's clones or can Litecoin pools do it too?


texts: Ubuntu Bitcoin Core Node Upgrade - Keeps starting v0.16.0

texts:
I have done this:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bitcoin/bitcoin
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bitcoin-qt

But whenever I start bitcoin-qt from my console, it starts up 0.16.0. How can I fix this?


texts: Where can one exchange Tenebrix (a CPU-friendly cryptocurrency) for Bitcoin?


texts: Is it possible to create a wallet service, which doesn't have all the blockchain downloaded? Like not running a full node itself?


texts:
I've read the Developers Guide ( bitcoin.org/en/developer-guide ), asked a few peers and I still don't understand how the transactions are used to form the block.

I did get that the transactions are used to form the Merkle tree. Do all people mining the next block use the same transactions to form the Merkle tree?

Let's say that the Bitcoin network has the transactions A, B, C, X, Y, and Z. All of them are unconfirmed.

I'm mining the transactions ABC and you are mining XYZ. If so, if I find a block that contains ABC, will I then mine the XYZ transactions?

If I find a block, you will have to check which transactions were included in the block by me, before forming the next merkle tree, right? If not, you might use, for example, the B transaction again, which was already confirmed by me.


texts: Who maintains list of bitcoin nodes and aren't they a weak link in the security of the system?

texts:
I understand that between the people who run Bitcoin nodes, and therefore the Bitcoin protocol, the system is trust-less and secure.

However, there seems to be a weak link - the official list of bitcoin nodes.

Whoever maintains the official list however, can theoretically conspire to ensure that 51% of the nodes are under its control and can perform nefarious operations such as double spending and/or changing transactions.

How is this issue handled?


texts: How do I start accepting bitcoins legally in Canada?

texts: I own a business and I want to know how to accept bitcoins for payment and whether it is legal to accept them in Canada?  For example, if someone pays me 2 bitcoins for a computer, do I need to charge taxes? If yes, do I need to charge 2 bitcoins and 50$ in Canadian money so I can give the taxes to the government?


texts:
There is a part of the Bitcoin protocol that I don't quite understand.

When you make a transaction, and spend the output of a previous transaction for say 1 BTC, you provide a signature using the private key matching the public key (or address) that appears in the output of the previous transaction. My first question here is what exactly is signed?

Second, when the transaction is broadcast, what prevents a malicious peer to take the input of my transaction with signature, for 1 BTC, and forge a new transaction using that same input going to their own address? To avoid that, the full transaction (including outputs) would need to be signed, I couldn't find a document indicating the whole transaction is signed.


texts:
w.r.t. a bitcoin transaction, I am really struggling to understand how does bitcoin network validate that I 1) have the bitcoin that I want to send, and 2) haven’t already sent it to someone else.

If my account balance was being kept track of then it would have been easy. The nodes would do a simple if check to test if I have sufficient balance in my account before I spend any money. But as I have learnt a bitcoin transaction destroys bitcoins and generates new ones (UTXO). So a transaction looks like:

FromAddress, ToAddress, Id_of_Bitcoin_being_destroyed, Id_of_bitcoin_being_created

The above assumes that I have the exact change I want to pay - since that is sufficient for purposes of my question.

So now before committing this transaction, the nodes need to verify:

isDestroyed(Id_of_Bitcoin_being_destroyed) == false; i.e. coin has not been spent already

Owner(Id_of_Bitcoin_being_destroyed) == me; i.e., coin belongs to me

could someone please explain in detail how is this happening?

Is a node doing a reverse table scan (i.e., scan the blockchain starting from most recent transaction to oldest one) until it locates Id_of_Bitcoin_being_destroyed? Then it can answer both questions above. However, this algorithm cannot scale at all and is the crux of what I am trying to understand.

To make it concrete lets say Id_of_Bitcoin_being_destroyed = 1234. A reverse table scan happens and following record is located:

From:Me, To:Brian, 1234, 5678

The node detects I have already spent the coin and transaction fails.

Another example. In this case a reverse table scan finds:

From:Brian, To:Me, 5678, 1234

The node can say with confidence that I own the coin and it has not been spent.

I have sincerely tried very hard to understand this and find the answer online including looking at [1, 2] but was unsuccessful. E.g., 1 just says this:

  This transaction can be validated – that is, it can be confirmed that
  I own the bitcoin that I am transferring to you, and that I haven’t
  already sent it to someone else – by plugging the signature and my
  public key (which everyone knows) into the bitcoin program.

But this leaves much unexplained to me.


texts: What is the story behind US senators wanting to "crack down on Bitcoin" in mid-2011?

texts: There have been two US senators, Charles Schumer and Joe Manchin, wanting to "crack down on Bitcoin" in mid-2011. How did the story start, progress and did it reach any conclusion?


texts: Trouble with getting litecoins in my give-me-coins account

texts:
I started mining litecoins yesterday on cgminer (been mining for about an hour) and so far I have got nothing in my account.
What am I doing wrong ?

Here are two screenshots one is of cgminer, the other is of my give-me-coins account:

http://gyazo.com/2fb18a76dedb71eb80c8a19126ab231f
http://gyazo.com/89ca55239de31a6da4bca25072096b4e


texts: How long does it take to download blockchain

texts: My question is how long does it take on average to download whole blockchain and set-up new wallet with standard Bitcoin-QT client.


texts: On public keys compression, why an even or odd y coordinate corresponds to the positive / negative sign respectively?

texts:
This is a paragraph from Andreas' book on compressed/uncompressed public keys.

Chapter 4 - Section - Key Formats

  Whereas uncompressed public keys have a prefix of 04 ,compressed
  public keys start with either a 02 or a 03 prefix. Let’s look at why
  there are two possible prefixes: because the left side of the equation
  is y^2 , that means the solution for y is a square root, which can
  have a positive or negative value. Visually, this means that the
  resulting y coordinate can be above the x-axis or below the x-axis. As
  you can see from the graph of the elliptic curve in Figure 4-2, the
  curve is symmetric, meaning it is reflected like a mirror by the
  x-axis. So, while we can omit the y coordinate we have to store the
  sign of y (positive or negative), or in other words, we have to
  remember if it was above or below the x-axis because each of those
  options represents a different point and a different public key. When
  calculating the elliptic curve in binary arithmetic on the finite
  field of prime order p, the y coordinate is either even or odd, which
  corresponds to the positive/negative sign as explained earlier.
  Therefore, to distinguish between the two possible values of y, we
  store a compressed public key with the prefix 02 if the y is even, and
  03 if it is odd, allowing the software to correctly deduce the y
  coordinate from the x coordinate and uncompress the public key to the
  full coordinates of the point. Public key compression is illustrated
  in Figure 4-7

What I don't get is that bold text.

Why an even or odd y coordinate corresponds to the positive / negative sign?

For example, are all even public keys below the x-axis?


texts:
Bitcoin pools need to check data returned with getwork for validity (proper hashing result, etc.). Bitcoind that issues the initial getworks is also able to perform some data checking, but it might not be enough for pools (for example, it might not validate difficulty 1 shares used for crediting miners).

What getwork data checking is usually done on the bitcoind side, and which on the pool side? This would include:

Checking message validity
Checking if submitted work originated from the pool (whether block data was tempered with)
Checking what difficulty the work solves (for generating shares and solving blocks)
Check if work is acceptable as a block (for example, if timestamp is not too big)


texts: What if block N were based not on N-1 but on both N-2 and N-3?

texts: If the bitcoin protocol were changed so that the merkle root from block N-1 were replaced in block N by the two roots of blocks N-2 and N-3, then it would become possible to mine 2 blocks at a time in parallel and increase the block frequency compared to the time each block took to propagate. Each block would still get confirmed by 6 of the following 7 blocks. The block size variance could be controlled by requiring that transactions with odd hashes go into odd-numbered blocks and vice-versa. What would be the limitations of this variant protocol compared to the existing Bitcoin protocol, assuming nobody considered one confirmation to be much better than zero?


texts: How does ring signature help in range proofs in confidential transaction?

texts: Based on Maxwell's proposal of confidential transaction, a ring signature can solve the range proof issue. I can totally follow the pedersen commitment and everything. I don't quite get how ring signature helps in range proofs? Like we wanna know if the Bitcoin amount is not negative and we don't want to reveal it. The connection between ring signature and range proof doesn't click for me.


texts: What are the differences in these methods of creating wallets offline?

texts:
I have seen several ways of creating an offline wallet for cold (secure) storage:

Use BitcoinQT to generate a wallet offline using a clean install of Ubuntu.
Armory
Electrum

Are any of these methods more secure than the others? Is there a recommended solution for creating a secure offline wallet?


texts: Accepting Bitcoin Settlement for Business Invoices, Important Business Considerations

texts:
Our company is intending on accepting Bitcoin as a settlement option. Currently, we create invoices based on services we perform with 30 day payment terms and want to offer the option of settling the invoice in Bitcoin for an X% discount.
It's been very difficult finding a good definitive guide for this, so I'm attempting to get that going here. Would be open to 3rd party solutions, but also would like to know what to consider without 3rd parties.
What are the business considerations for starting to accept invoice settlements in bitcoin?


texts: What exactly does "trustless" mean in terms of Bitcoin?

texts:
People often say that Bitcoin is trustless, what exactly does it mean?

I know you don't need to trust one of following entities when you transact in Bitcoin, but what don't you need to trust?

third party
recipient
other

You definitely need to trust Bitcoin system, right?


texts: Hello from where I should start to built my own cryptocurrency exchange and Fiat/crypto exchange on wordpress? What steps I should take to built that kind of platform? I have some knowledge of javascript and wordpress.


texts: Please is there any web site that purpose web services, to export Market rate value of different currency even bitcoin.


texts: What are the pros/cons of the Multigateway service on NXT?

texts: I'm doing some research on the decentralized exchange multigateway on the NXT platform. I was wondering what are the pros/cons of this service compared to centralized exchanges like cryptsy?