texts: Does sending non-ripple-money through Ripple require two people to be connected through a web of trust?

texts: Say we have two people - first one puts some money into their Ripple address through a use of a gateway. They are not trusting anyone on the network, but need to send their money to a second party that may or may not be in a similar situation. How would Ripple transfer the money from the first individual to the other?


texts:
In Bitcoin Wiki Weaknesses: Sybil attack they mention that:

"Bitcoin makes these attacks more difficult by only making an outbound connection to one IP address per /16 (x.y.0.0)".

Why would this make a Sybil attack more difficult? Is there a reason for choosing a /16 subnet or is it randomly chosen by the developers with no background?
Wouldn't it be more secure to choose a smaller subnet?


texts: Where is coinbase transaction after a hacker successfully performs >50% attack?

texts:
Here is the scenario:

 Honest nodes build one block from Block_1.

 Hacker nodes privately build four blocks from Block_1 and broadcast these malicious blocks.

Now, where is the honest node's coinbase transaction (25 BTC + Transaction Fee). Is it included in the hacker's malicious blocks?

In Satoshi's white paper, he mentioned:

  If a greedy attacker is able to assemble more CPU power than all the
  honest nodes, he would have to choose between using it to defraud
  people by stealing back his payments, or using it to generate new coins

I think a hack with more than 50% power could do BOTH, stealing back his payments and generate new coins. Why am I wrong?


texts: Can transaction data be altered before creating a block?

texts: I'm a novice and had this thought. I understand that data in an existing block can't be altered, as it changes the hash. But what if, before creating the block, I take transactions from the pool, alter one transaction, and then proceed to create the block? Let's say I have the most powerful hardware and finish it before other miners. Will other nodes be able to verify the transaction data inside the block? (example: say A sends 10 tokens to B, and I change that to 100. A has 200 tokens in his wallet)


texts: Is there a logging system for bitcoind, and if so then where is the log?

texts:
Where and what is the name of log files of bitcoind?

If I make a command like "sendtoaddress", will the command and the arguments (like the amount of bitcoin I sent and which address I sent) all be logged?


texts: is bitcoind reliable when depending on it for web services?

texts:
What I mean by the title is, say If I create a service with bitcoind being used to create and store large numbers of accounts and address, is it likely to take the strain? Can I setup multiple instances of bitcoind to access information about the network or would I need to one large instance of a bitcoin daemon to handle everything?

If not is there an alternative to be used that can keep up with an expanding web service?


texts: Any need for coinbase field in coinbase transaction?

texts:
My understanding is that every block in the bitcoin blockchain has a coinbase transaction which contains a coinbase field. It is essentially an orphan field (placeholder) for use in claiming existing outputs. Since the coinbase transaction does not need to claim any existing outputs, it can be filled with any random data the miner chooses.

Would there be any adverse effects on Bitcoin (security or otherwise) if restrictions were placed on what the coinbase field can contain?

[Note: such a restriction may be desirable in order to prevent Bitcoin from being used as a parent coin in merged mining.]


texts:
I'm looking for more information on how to actually premine a coin. I would be grateful if someone can show me an example.

What I've tried so far does and not work, I'm basically mining the first block(not the genesis one) and it has a big reward but when I change the reward to a smaller one the blockchain is not valid anymore.

Thank you for any kind of tips documentation references.


texts: how to fix Bitcoin core 14.2 on Windows 10 Home 64bit ver.

texts:
I cant install Bitcoin Core 13.2 thru 15.01 64 bit on my window 10 64 bit system it worked ver 14.2 worked before I tried to sign into coinbase that emailed me an address that needed to Identify my computer by clicking it. I clicked it to complete the authentication process. I had a problem with coinbase in the past and they closed my account when I tried to open another account they refused and closed my account again and sent me a message to close my account by clicking the box. since then I've been unable to open my bitcoin core wallet ver 14.2 I keep get this message
and the this when I hit OK
 I've tryed installing versions 13.0 thru 15.1 64bit then 32bit and alway the same thing when I click this OK the wallet shuts down!
I even went as far as installing Bitcoincore for Linux Mint 18.2 and it works great! BUT! I cant retrieve my Backed up wallet and coins from the windows wallet.dat. I'm at my wits end is there a Dev out their or on this site that can help me install Bitcore Core 14.2 (where I had my coins stored) on my Windows 10 Home PC?


texts:
I have a S3+ ASIC miner and 500w PSU
My question is that what do I need to convert a 4+4 PCI-E into a 6+2 PCI-E or two 6+2 PCI-E.
Thanks in advance


texts: Are transaction ids always the same length?

texts:
Do all bitcoin transaction ids (hashes) have the same length?

I guess it's defined somewhere here: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_specification but still I couldn't find it.


texts: How to configure bitcoind to wait for X confirmations to make the payment submitted

texts:
I'm using bitcoind for an ecommerce website. Walletnotify setting in bitcoin.conf only fires twice (once the payment appears on the network and then when the payment is confimed the first time by a block).
The issue is that i need to set the number of confirmations before the payment is submitted. Could you please give me some help on how to proceed?


texts: Clarfication on " network synchrounisation" in analyzing bitcoin protocol in a synchronous model

texts:
I am reading The Bitcoin Backbone Protocol:Analysis and Applications and i have no previous knowledge on different type of networks . And there is a term in paper " high  network  synchronicity " which i really can not understand.The paper is analyzing core of bitcoin protocol which it call it bitcoin backbone protocol . They analyze protocol in a synchronous model ( messages will be delivered  at most at the beginning of next round). Here are some part of paper which is talking about synchronization .
n is number of parties running the protocol which is fixed and t is number of parties adversary controls and f is probability at least one honest party succeeds in finding a POW in a round.
Honest Majority Assumption : A number of t out of n parties are corrupted such that t ≤ (1−δ)(n−t), where 3f+ 3e < δ≤1

we  describe  and  analyze  the  Bitcoin  system  as  well  as  a more
elaborate  BA  protocol,  proving  them  secure  assuming  high
network  synchronicity  and that the adversary’s hashing power is
strictly less than 1/2, while the adversarial bound needed for security
decreases as the network desynchronizes describe  and  analyze  the
Bitcoin  system  as  well  as  a more  elaborate  BA  protocol,
proving  them  secure  assuming  high  network  synchronicity  and that
the adversary’s hashing power is strictly less than 1/2, while the
adversarial bound needed for security decreases as the network
desynchronizes

We assume that messages are eventually delivered and all parties in the
network are able to synchronize in the course of a“round.”

The parameter f plays a critical role in the analysis of the property and
should be small in order to approximate honest majority,i.e.,
allowing to be close to n/2.  A small choice for f, suggests also that
the network synchronizes significantly faster than the rate of
finding POW’s.  On the other hand, when the network “desynchronizes”
and f gets closer to 1, achieving provably a common prefix requires
almost all parties to be honest.

For  both  properties  to  hold  we  require  an  honest  majority
(i.e.,  that  the  adversary’s hashing power is strictly less than 50%)
assuming high network synchronicity (i.e., the duration of a round in
terms of the number of computational steps the parties take towards
finding a POW is close to 0).  If this is violated, Persistence
requires stricter bounds on adversarial hashing power in order to be
preserved following the bounds of the common prefix property.

In the context of Bitcoin, our analysis implies that the Bitcoin
backbone provides an operational transaction  ledger  under  the
assumptions:  (i)  the  adversary  controls  less  than  half  of  the
total hashing power, and (ii) the network synchronizes much faster
relative to the POW solution rate,(iii) digital signatures cannot be
forged.

So my questions are :
1) what it means  "low or  high network synchronicity" ?
2)  what it means "parties in the network are able to synchronize in the course of around." ?
3) more importantly what it means " A small choice for f, suggests also that the network synchronizes significantly faster than the rate of finding POW’s"  or  "the network synchronizes much faster relative to the POW solution rate" ?
I know my question might not be a good question and there might be obvious answers to questions but i really need some general clarification to help me fully understand the paper .


texts:
I am new to bitcoinj. I want to print out the list of transactions like as follow for a wallet:

1- Sent 1 BTC to Adress1 on 'A' Time
2- Received 5 BTC from Adress2 on 'B' time
3- Sent 2 BTC to Address 3 on 'C' time

How can I do this?


texts: Can someone explain how to read blockchain.info?

texts:
1.What is the public key of address 3P9dyU9ga3aJorHAUqKBFCX2NdyuHEVgx1
(usually placed under input.. not in this case)

2.What type of Script (P2PK, P2PKH, P2SH, P2WPKH, P2WSH) is used to make this Tx, also how you discovered?

https://blockchain.info/tx/9d710be07bed7699055ed4c27868ee50fcb91f8d738bebfdbf4145cdbaeb15a2


texts: I have a wallet on Bitcoin Core with addresses that are receiving and will receive payments in the future (which I can't change); for this reason I cannot send my bitcoins to a new wallet; that said, how can I export my wallet from Bitcoin Core to another client (SPV: I'm unable to download 30GB and more)? Thank you very much


texts: Why choose the longest chain before checking for double-spending?

texts:
Can we make the following changes to the current POW protocol to better avoid double-spending:

a) For full/mining nodes that receive two chains, check if there are identical addresses that occur on both chains that perform double-spending. If there are any, ignore the chain that would result in the node doing a reorganization (reorg), choose the other chain;

b) If there is none, choose the longer chain;

c) For nodes that receive only one chain, accept it if it does not require a reorganization.

Wouldn't this be better in avoiding double-spending than the current protocol, i.e. accepting the longest chain blindly? Shouldn't we check the block contents from both chains before deciding which one to accept?


texts: Can I damage my computer by mining bitcoin?

texts:
I have been mining Bitcoin for a while on a few systems, some CPU mining (which has proved to be basically useless) and some GPU mining. The GPU miners are workstations, which have midrange graphics cards built in. I have not done any modifications or built high-end mining/gaming systems. One is an Apple iMac with an AMD Radeon HD 6770M 512 MB built in. I typically mine with the Phoenix miner and AGGRESSION=3 for at least 12 hours a day.

Can the GPU handle this load, or is it possible I will damage my computer by mining bitcoins without a dedicated high-end GPU?


texts: How do I know that my Ledger HW Wallet is using receive addresses for my wallet and not another remote wallet?

texts:
I'm a paranoid newb, I bought a hardware wallet (Ledger nanos) and have transferred funds to it. I noticed that it generates P2SH addresses, so how could I know if the script hashed is spendable by my own wallet only?

The wallet could very well generate P2SH multisig addresses that could be spendable remotely by the wallet manufacturer.

I understand I could transfer these funds to myself and check the ScriptSig, but that would be too late.


texts: Safe way to create a mnemonic and address in golang

texts:
I have been looking over internet in the different repos of btcsuite but had no luck in finding a way to generate a 12 word mnemonic and convert this to an address using the go language. It needs also to be safe and not use random repositories of course.
Any help really appreciated


texts: i need help getting my bitcoin back from an address

texts: i sent my bitcoin to another address i generated from another site not knowing they have a policy that if the bitcoin is not up to 0.005 it wont be able to reflect. now my question is that would my bitcoin be return to my account


texts:
How does cryptsy.com allocate trades for many orders with same price ?

Orders can come from one or many accounts, my question applies to both situations, but it's obviously more interesting how they are executed when orders come from multiple accounts from different people. For example, if I see order for 100 BTC and want to attach my order for 0.1 BTC to the same price tag, what are my chances of getting a deal ? Do I get a deal only after all 100BTC exchanged ?

Obvously my question applies to both types: buy and sell orders.

Do other exchanges have same order allocation schema as Cryptsy ? If not, what allocation schemas do they use ?

Examples of possible allocations that I can think of:

1) First Come First Serve - earliest order gets deal first

2) Last Come First Serve - latest order gets deal first

3) Proportional - deal amount is distributed between orders proportional to amount of these orders.

4) Minimal split - system picks closest amount to avoid splitting orders into many small fractions.

5) Small orders first, Large Last - close as many orders as possible to keep minimum number of open orders in the system.

6) Each account gets equal share from new deal regardless of order size or time

7) Random per account - equal probability for each participating account to get a deal

8) Random per order - gives incentive to make many smaller orders rather than one large order


texts: Are there any other differences between bitcoin and bitcoin cash

texts:
Bitcoin Cash was forked from a Bitcoin almost 2 months ago. During this time both of the repos have received a lot of commits and I would assume that their functionality and features might have diverged.

But it looks like a lot of resources mentioning the difference between BTC and BCH are either telling how amazing BCH is or how crappy it is. The maximum they tell is that the difference is that BCH removes all the changes related to SegWit and increases MaxBlockSize to 8Mb.

Another difference that I was able to find is that BCH added emergency difficulty adjustment: if less than 6 blocks were created in 12 hours, the difficulty drops by 20%.

Basically my question boils down to: what are the technical differences between bitcoin and bitcoin cash as of Sep 20, 2017?


texts: Can I recover my bitcoins from an Armory paper wallet even if Armory ceases to function?

texts: I just created an M-of-N offline fragmented backup paper wallet through Armory. I plan to put most of my BTC here. Before I do, I want to know that if anything should happen to Armory -- if they stop updating it, or I can't get it to run on my computer in 10 years, or there were some updates to Bitcoin-Core/the blockchain, or whatever -- will I still be able to get my coins out?


texts: What technical reasons exist for off-chain transactions?

texts: I'm trying to get a grasp on off-chain transactions, as they seem more common than I initially realized but they are not the way that I originally perceived bitcoin being used as an outsider looking in. What technical advantages exist for off-chain transactions?


texts:
When calling RPC signrawtransaction it returns a hex-encoded string that contains the raw tx request with its signatures.

Is this string:

malleable?
unique?


texts:
From https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Address:

  A Bitcoin address, or simply address, is an identifier of 27-34 alphanumeric characters, beginning with the number 1 or 3, that represents a possible destination for a Bitcoin payment.

Is any random address I create following the above rules going to be an address I can sucesfully send Bitcoin to?

For example if I randomly generate these addresses:

1AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
3111111111111111111111111111111111
2FWIOHFEWNFEOWEFHO34234242244EFDE

Are these all valid addresses I can always send Bitcoin payments to?  Or do they have to already 'exist' in some capacity?


texts:
Is there any posibilities to:
1. Create deterministic seed from 12 or 24 word
2. Create Private Master key from this deterministic seed
3. Create deterministic wallet using private master key

in BitcoinJ


texts: Is the SHA256 value in the bitcoin address wiki accurate?

texts:
From the wiki page https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Technical_background_of_version_1_Bitcoin_addresses the example of "How to Create Bitcoin Address" shows the SHA256 of:

0450863AD64A87AE8A2FE83C1AF1A8403CB53F53E486D8511DAD8A04887E5B23522CD470243453A299FA9E77237716103ABC11A1DF38855ED6F2EE187E9C582BA6

to be

600FFE422B4E00731A59557A5CCA46CC183944191006324A447BDB2D98D4B408

If I use this online tool http://www.xorbin.com/tools/sha256-hash-calculator

I get: 32511e82d56dcea68eb774094e25bab0f8bdd9bc1eca1ceeda38c7a43aceddce

Am I missing something?


texts:
Is there a way to import private key with rippled?

Same as bitcoin core impoertprivkey with RPC calls?

Tnx


texts:
Do AntMiners comply with Part 15 of the U.S. Federal Communication Commission's rules and regulations?

I tagged this question with "safety" because implicit in my question is what percentage of watts going into an AntMiner get converted to RF interference. If it's a lot, it could be a safety issue, especially since the cases of many AntMiners (e.g., S5s) are open and thus do not act as Faraday cages.


texts:
I'd like to hold my bitcoin on coinbase in a hard wallet. they explain that you can onyl do that by importing a hard wallet to online one like Bitcoincore. but how do you do that? import a hard external wallet to bitcore? thanks
bet its a  common question!


texts: Why non-SegWit nodes do not reject SegWit block since there is no witness?

texts:
SegWit is meant to be backward-compatible. When a SigWit block is relayed to a non-SegWit node, the witness part is stripped. If this is the case, wouldn't it be invalid since the non-SegWit node sees no witness/signature in transaction input?

So output is changed to anyone-can-spend output? If so, what prevents it to be spent by anyone not the intended recipient?


texts: How can the blockchain survive without an army or other kind of law enforcement?

texts:
I'm sold on most of the Bitcoin aspects. I believe that the blockchain has incredible potential value and how the fact that it's decentralized removes a lot of the corruption and cronyism that are rampant in today's centralized institutions.
However one thing I don't get is how does the contract, or property or other value that you have stored in the blockchain is enforced? Surely some people won't care that the proof of property of your land is in the blockchain and just claim it with guns. What do you do then? How is this sorted? States have judicial and military power. What does the blockchain have?


texts: I sent BTC to an old Output address from a previous transaction and now I do not know where it has gone. Does anyone know how to fix this?


texts:
Race Attack vs. Double-Spending Attack: are they same?

I know definition of both attack both some times it is called as "race attack" and most of the time called as "double-spending". I guess (maybe) double spending is a subset of a race attack that means race attack includes a groups of different attacks like double-spending, but I'm not sure about that.


texts: Why does halving won't make inflation on bitcoin? and does this halving (2020) have difference affect?


texts: Is magicbytes sequence a valid delimiter for blocks in blockchains?

texts:
For a blockchain parser, is it correct to say that "for X magicbytes sequences, we have X blocks in blockchain" ?

In other words, may blocks in blockchain accidentally contain magicbytes sequences ?


texts: Starting point for listening to bitcoin network transactions in Python

texts:
I would like to create a python script that listens to the bitcoin network and monitors some addresses, stored in a mysql db. As soon as a transaction is broadcast with one of these addresses as an output, the script should run a function.

I do not need to store the whole blockchain, nor do I want to. The private keys are also not on the same machine, for security. There is no wallet on this machine, just a list of addresses in a DB.

For the moment I have implemented this with the webhooks from blockchain.info and also tested with blocktrail. It works but it does not work fast enough te achieve my goals, these solutions are just too slow to be practical. I need to be notified instantly.

I've looked at several options but none seem to fit as a good starting point. (BitcoinJ seems the closest but it is in Java) I cannot believe there is no such thing in existence, I just couldn't find one.

So, can you steer me in the right direction?


texts:
There is a use case where person A needs to send person B, .9 BTC.  Person C, who set up the transaction, should get .1 BTC as commission.
I know this is possible to do with a traditional "bitcoin wallet" by creating a transaction with two payees.  The problem is that for usability reasons, the payment needs to be "bip-21" compatible, which basically means it has to be of the form bitcoin:<address>[?amount=<amount>][?label=<label>][?message=<message>] which only allows for one output address.
So my question is, is there a way to make some "intermediary" address that will forward .9 to A and .1 to C?  Or is there some other way to do this within the constraints of bip-21?


texts: What are the differences and advantages of stratum to HTTP?

texts:
I understand that Stratum is a kind of protocol specifically designed for ASIC miners. I found this page from its creator, but it is very technical.

I want to know, in layman's terms, what are the differences between Stratum and HTTP. I also want to know if this means anything to me; do it give me more hash, or more shares in the pool, etc. Or is it mostly a concern for the pool operators; running my miners on Stratum is better for them.


texts: Will the decreasing Bitcoin production cause a liquidity crisis?

texts:
Based on the fact that the bitcoin "production" will stop around 21 million bitcoins, could this lead to a bitcoin flow freeze?

What I mean is, if we produce all 21 million bitcoins, and keep using them nicely (without inflation issues because there will be no more making of them) wouldn't some pals need more bitcoins than others? And a lot of users wouldn't want to use them through stores, debit cards and/or gift cards? Then how will the currency recycle?


texts:
The input of UTXO transaction being used is 10 pieces, total 0.0082 BTC.
Broadcasting the fee at 0.000012 BTC (sendrawtransaction), the following error occurs.

insufficient priority

Is the fee setting not good?
I do not know the cause.


texts: Notifications on low balance of a bitcoin address

texts: Is there a service or wallet where I can subscribe my email address to notifications on low balance on my bitcoin address?


texts: Can't link my Paper Wallet to Blockchain

texts:
So I've created a Paper wallet using bit address.org, and have joined Blockchain.com, but can't find out how to link the two?

Also the strategy I'm using at the moment-till maybe "you" say otherwise, is-I've bought Bitcoin using Coinbase, and am trying to send money to my bitaddress.org Paper Wallet-but Coinbase isn't showing me how to do this? So I can then register the transaction-and others on the Blockchain on blockchain.com Do you think I'm using the right strategy?

Thoughts


texts: When you download the blockchain, do you download the chainstate too or it has to be generated by your own machine (it says that theoretically can be rebuilt from the block data but it is time consuming)? If it is downloaded how do we verify the integrity of the chainstate database?


texts: When running a full node, why does the first inbound node have an unusual IP?

texts:
When running getpeerinfo, most nodes show a standard addr like this:

95.121.82.153:8333

But the first inbound connection has a differently formatted addr like this:

[2a01:4f8:212:3b1f::2]:32220

What does this mean?


texts: Assuming that the block size fork goes through, will the Bitcoin developers use the alert key to tell people to upgrade?

texts:
The block size increase proposal currently under discussion would require all clients that process transactions to upgrade.

Otherwise, pre 0.11 clients would reject these larger blocks, leading to a possible double-spend attack against these merchants after Mar 1, 2016.

Will the Bitcoin developers use the alert system to warn these nodes to upgrade?


texts:
Original question: How important is a strong CPU and GPU for ASIC mining? I would assume that the GPU could be a cheap one because even if its high-end it probably won't help, and that the CPU should be a decent one to handle all the ASICs. Am I incorrect?

In addition, what is the importance of each part of mining computer in terms of mining? How do the Motherboard, CPU, RAM and GPU affect your experience?


texts: What happens if I spend a bitcoin that has 1 confirmation?

texts:
Take these two transactions that happen one after the other:

Transactions:

1) Exchange A -> (1 confirmation) My Wallet

2) My Wallet (With a high fee) -> Exchange B (needs 20 confirmations)

Will the Exchange B wait for the 20 confirmations on transaction #1 as well, or am I able to speed the process up by sending it to my wallet and paying higher fees than the Exchange A does?


texts: Transfer from Bitcoin Core to Electrum expired before full synchronization. Where are the bitcoins?

texts:
I started using Bitcoin Core and transferred coins to this wallet. When synchronization got to the point where the coins showed up in the wallet I sent them on to an Electrum wallet, although Core had still not fully synchronized.

The Electrum incoming transaction then expired before the Core wallet had fully synchronized. Now Bitcoin Core has finished synchronization and shows the outgoing transaction and empty balance although the Electrum wallet never received the transaction.

Are these bitcoins lost or is then anyway to reclaim them?

Thanks.


texts: Block Confirmation Speed - Bitcoin vs Litecoin vs Potcoin

texts:
I understand that a Bitcoin confirmation takes 10 minutes and I believe I understand the reasons behind that.
Litecoin claims a transaction speed of 2.5 minutes.
Potcoin claim it can be used for point of service transactions at a store with a confirmation speed of 40 seconds  (Potcoin FAQ).

Why does Bitcoin take so much longer? Does Potcoin's claim of 40 seconds make the transaction less secure?


texts: How to implement a game like SatoshiDice?

texts: Everyone knows what SatoshiDice is. Their core mechanic is gambling through the use of Bitcoin transactions with the payout being directly linked to the transaction that fuelled the bed to avoid double-spend attacks. My question is, how to implement such a mechanism? Can it be done in the Standard Client, or does it need some extra software to pick the exact inputs of a transaction?


texts: Sorry newbie, I dont get the PoS block creation, to much contradiction

texts:
I am sorry for the repeat question but I cant find a clear answer. Most of the time PoS isnt explained in detail (only explaining the advantage) and a lot of sources contradict each other and now I am confused.

I think I get PoW but I dont get PoS:

1) there seems to be two types of PoS. One where everyone bets on the most likely block to be picked and another where one node is chosen to validates the block based on the amount of coins you hold and some other factors... is that right? In the first case who decides which block to pick?

2) In both cases it was mentioned, that there was no need for miners. So if you only bet or validate, who creates the block in the first place or is creating the hashes? Or does PoS not use hashes anymore? If yes how do they validate with the ledges of the other nodes?

3) If PoS uses hashes and taken there is no competition of who completes the hash first, isnt there a risk that the chosen one cant compute the hash in time because of e.g. insufficient ressources?

4) Isnt the security less then PoW? As far as I see it, if the function only chooses one node isnt it in theory possible to alter the blockchain? Hashes arent bond by mining power anymore and the current node is the sole active one...


texts: Where, in the code, in the Satoshi client is 21 million cap implemented?

texts:
Which fragment of the Satoshi client is verifying if announced block has a valid reward?

I mean, we now live in the 25 BTC reward period. I guess client after receiving a newly minted block, does verifications, like checking if inputs and outputs are balancing for example, and, I guess, if the reward is 25 BTC, right?

So where is this fragment of the code?

I know where is the code which limits BTC supply to 21 million:

    int64 static GetBlockValue(int nHeight, int64 nFees)
    {
        int64 nSubsidy = 50 * COIN;

        // Subsidy is cut in half every 210000 blocks, which will occur approximately every 4 years
        nSubsidy >>= (nHeight / 210000);

        return nSubsidy + nFees;
    }

...and I am looking for somebody to point me to the right place, where the verification is done.


texts: Can I emulate a graphics card using software, and use it for mining?

texts:
My name is Ben and I'm working with a server technician called Fab.
We are using Team-viewer to work together on this question to make it as concise and to the point as possible.

We have set up a Ubuntu 13.10 VPS server

Next we downloaded http://www.forked.net/~apex/cgmon/cgmon.tcl (a .Tcl script found on this forum page: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=353436.0

(Fab:)We managed to install X Server and Lite KDE Desktop environment, and we can successfully connect via VNC to the VPS desktop.

(Fab:) So now: what we would like to understand is whether the host machine where the VPS container is sitting must have a graphics card or if mining using a VPS server could be achieved even without the host server having a physical card, perhaps in a different/emulated way?
The Theory
Now we also want to hook this all up to Cairo grahics lib http://cairographics.org/ (this is a pure c++ graphic processing library for pre-generating images on the server side so there should be no need for a graphics card).
My personal line of thought (Ben's) is that a hash has binary data.
UFUYFYF*^R&^R*IYG*R*FUYFUYFUDKYTDLUFU...

but much longer...
now go and get any image from your desktop and open it with a text editor and you will see some thing like this:
ÿØÿà JFIF  H H  ÿÛ C ...

The difference is not much (in my opinion) because graphics cards are made to process images such as .jpg / .png/ .gif/ .bmp, etc. They do this very fast because the start of the file or maybe even the extension is telling the graphics card how to decrypt; where as a hash is the same, only the description method is a secret that must be tried with many variations of description (hence the term hashing refers to multiple attempts).
Now If you read the wiki link above it explains that Tcl was originally "born out of frustration" and If you scroll down the Wiki to Features one listed is: Extensibility, via C, C++, Java, and Tcl.
So, seen as libcairo is pure c++ and Tcl can run C++ commands, what I would like to know is how can we link the two...


texts: Is it possible to store data privately into the bitcoin blockchain?

texts:
Given that Bitcoin is a public and permissionless blockchain, does this mean that any data stored in it will be free for anyone to see?

Is it possible to store documents such as screenshots etc.?


texts: What would be the value of Bitcoin if coin generation was complete and Bitcoin was strongly accepted today?

texts:
Bare with me for a moment during this thought experiment. Currently, there is about $1.18 trillion US dollars in circulation at the moment. With that said, my one dollar bill currently represents about 1.18 trillionth of the US economy.

It is estimated that the last block to generate coins will be generated in the year 2140. At that time, there will be about 21 million bitcoins in circulation. And thereby, my one bitcoin would represent about one 21-millionth of the bitcoin economy.

Now let's say the following were true today:

Bitcoins have been completely generated
There is about 21 million bitcoins in circulation
There is about $1.18 trillion US dollars in circulation
Bitcoin is as widely accepted as a form of currency as the US dollar
The strength of the US dollar is on par with Bitcoin

Due to the large amount of circulated dollars compared to the amount of circulated bitcoin, can we assume that 1 BTC would be similarly valued at one 21-millionth of the $1.18 trillion circulated US dollars? This would equate to around $56,000. I know a lot is being assumed here, but does anyone see any major flaws in this logic?


texts: How many TXO have been created in total?

texts: I've seen some statistical data about the Bitcoin UTXO number (around 61M currently). I was wondering how many TXOs (including spent and unspent) there were in the complete history of Bitcoin?


texts: How does bitcoin core generate a receiving address without using my private key?

texts: I downloaded bitcoin core from github. Now I have imported the complete blockchain and am examining the bitcoin core interface. If I click on >File >>Receiving addresses I see that bitcoin core has already created a receiving address for me. I have not yet chosen a private key (as far as I know) so how can bitcoin core generate a receiving address? How is the receiving address created?


texts:
Recently I found some ripples in an Android wallet called RippleWallet. This application doesn't exist on the Play Store anymore and I don't remember where I downloaded it (dumb I know but it was 2 years ago and I didn't cared much).
When I try to send these ripples, the application is unresponsive and doesn't do anything.
So do you know if these coins are lost forever? Or maybe I can get access to them by finding the secret key using adb or any other kind of file explorer? I don't even know what to look for..

Thanks in advance,

PS : This is my first time posting here, let me know if I infringed any rules.


texts: Why are Electrum 2.x mnemonic sentences thirteen words long?

texts:
The 2.x version of Electrum uses mnemonic sentences that are 13 words long. However, 1.x versions use a sentence only 12 words long.

I realize that 2.x changed the derivation of key pairs significantly, but I'm not clear why a sentence of 12 words wouldn't work just as well as one of 13 words.

Why is an extra word now used?


texts: Does Bitcoin ensure all messages will be broadcast?

texts:
Since Bitcoin is largely a flooding-based P2P network it means that any message it receives on one of its connections also needs to be routed to all of its other connections. This means that by definition Bitcoin consumes far more upload bandwidth than it does download bandwidth since every downloaded message will also need to be uploaded to every other peer (by a factor of the number of connections - 1.)

We can assume that a node on the Bitcoin network can only upload messages as fast as it receives them so this means upload is also limited by download. Most ISPs also have far less upload bandwidth available to their customers than download bandwidth so conceivably this means that if a node is maxing its download bandwidth, it will lack the required resources to be able to broadcast those messages to its connected peers.

My question is: what happens when the messages start to overflow and the node can't keep up? Does Bitcoin maintain some kind of queue for the messages and what does it do when it can't keep up any more? Does it simply start to discard random messages? Also, given that you can't semi-reliably know beforehand what the available bandwidth is (without testing), how would you even set a limit for what size the buffer would need to be (the buffer will overflow eventually if the network can't keep up, right?)

(Sorry if these questions seem a bit technical but I am genuinely curious how Bitcoin handles this.)


texts:
When a miner includes a transaction in a block, according to the integrity rules the miner should search for a previous transaction which output the coins being used in the current transaction. Now, the previous transaction is a record stored somewhere deep inside the blockchain.

What is the time taken to search and validate the previous txn output in the blockchain data structure?


texts: Which textbook provides the best introduction to Bitcoin?

texts: Can you please nominate a proper textbook about Bitcoin that covers the cryptographic tools utilized in Bitcoin?


texts: I sent bitcoins to my wallet before it had synced. is there ANY way i can get my coins back?

texts:
I downloaded Bitcoin. qt and started the sync (which was going to take about 6 days UGH) so about 4 days into it i tried to open the app and Now the app shows "error loading blkindex.dat" So i cannot access my wallet on my computer and never really got a chance to backup or encrypt anything...

I've tried using blockchain.info's desktop sync function but literally nothing happens when i press "download address list" on step 3...????

I have also tried MtGox but i can't find anywhere to upload my wallet.dat file...

Is there ANY WAY i can get my coins?

I'm running Mac OS X. Be as specific as you can please :)


texts: If I intend to hold Bitcoin long term & the stocks drop below my invested amount do I lose the money or can I still hold it in hope it goes back?

texts:
Example; If I buy $500 worth of Bitcoin and the stocks drop from say 4,000 to 3,200 - is my entire investment lost completely and I have to start again ?

Or is it now just negative (not worth anything) and if the stocks rise back up do I regain what I had without having to do anything ?

Next day it is at 3,600 so now I still have $100 ?


texts: How do I run Armory Testnet on Win7 x64 using Bitcoin Core 0.9.3 using remote datadir?

texts:
Trying to use the testnet which I have no problems with using Bitcoin Core 0.9.3 with command:
Bitcoin-qt.exe -testnet -datadir=f:\data\bitcoincore

But running Armory using the Testnet icon attempts to connect to the testnet and crashes Bitcoind.exe

I'm on x64 architecture and believe the problem lies in Armory not finding my remote datadir. Obviously there's the testnet3 directory inside f:\data\bitcoincore ie f:\data\bitcoincore\testnet3

I should add I've made a junction point with mklink for %appdata%\bitcoin to f:\data\bitcoincore

Is anyone aware of either the correct flags passed to Bitcoin Core in the settings of Armory, or the Armory flags, or both, which allow me to run Armory on testnet?


texts: How to get a complete list of transactions?

texts:
listtransactions - 9 provides the latest transactions and actually all =)

How to get all transactions?


texts: Online trading testing sandbox for Bittrex

texts: Is there any testing Sandbox for Bitrrex? How can I obtain the test bitcoin and purchase the ETH? Please advice.


texts: In manual raw tx creation, how do you specify the amount of the bitcoin to be sent?

texts:
According to this

You can specify the amount of bitcoin with an (apparently) 16 alphanumeric hex representation.  It is stated you must specify the bitcoin you want to send in units of Satoshi.

Here is the quote:

  We then write an 8-byte field (64 bit integer) containing the amount we want to redeem from the specified output. I will set this to the total amount available in the output minus a fee of 0.001 BTC (0.999 BTC, or 99900000 Satoshis): 605af40500000000

How did they get 605af40500000000 from '99900000 Satoshis' when that hex code = 6943130077857054720?  I can find no conversion calculator online which demonstrates what they are switching it from or to.

I got the hex code from https://www.mathsisfun.com/binary-decimal-hexadecimal-converter.html


texts: Current simple ways to participate with a Lightning Node?

texts:
Lightning is kicking it!! I just read this article about worldwide nodes distribution https://cryptonomist.ch/en/2019/03/02/top-10-countries-bitcoin-nodes/

So, my questions are basically:

1)) what are the current the most relevant entry-barriers / entry-requirements (technical/financial) to be able to participate with own lightning node?

2)) What are currently very easy and non-complex (for the layman) ways to have an own lightning node+wallet?  If you could maybe give one suggestion for Desktop PC based software,  and one where your mobile phone could act as a node (wallet+node in one?)?

Thank you so much!


texts: Is blockchain.info storing paper wallet (offline) private keys?

texts:
Does anyone know if it is safe to use blockchain.info "Watch Only" addresses?
The real question is what happens after I perform a transaction - sending BTCs out of such a wallet. Will blockchain.info record the "offline" private key used for such transaction somewhere on the server?


texts: Educational sample of minimal working mining code

texts:
I would like if someone could point me to a minimal program source code that does solo minig on a CPU. (Can assume a running bitcoind/full node)
Something that in theory (obviously not in practice) would actually be able to mine a block from the live network. This is intended for educational purposes, not for profit. Good code structure is therefore more important than performance.


texts: How to know whether my transaction is fraudlent after one confirmation?

texts: Let's say if the transaction tx_1 has one confirmation. But the tx_1 is fraudulent. Can it be rolled back? Here I am storing the confirmed blocks and if my transaction is in the block-1 then the confirmation of tx_1 is 1 and whenever the blocks come after the block-1 the confirmation will keep on incrementing. But after one confirmation, if the tx_1 is fraudulent then how to stop that transaction?


texts: What disadvantages are there when broadcasting a transaction via a 3rd party application?

texts: Bitcoin marketplaces could transmit their transactions through e.g. blockchain.info, why aren't they? Do bitcoin marketplaces & selling services run their full node to broadcast a transaction? What alternatives and possibilities are there for broadcasting a transaction, other than through a 3rd party?


texts: Unable to send bitcoin from bitcoin core wallet

texts:
Using bitcoin core wallet fully synchronized with the blockchain on ubuntu

I click on "send".  Nothing seems to happen.


texts: CheckProofOfWork() Linux error on old altcoins

texts:
I've seen the following error on Linnux online with several old altcoins now, the one below is UFO coin. It will sync exactly 500 blocks and then throw the following error, if I restart the client the error on that block does not reappear and it downloads a further 500 blocks and throws the exact same error.

I'v added a few extra lines to get some additional debugging info. Before I spent time crawling through code I was hoping that someone else may have come across this same error and found the reason. UFO is several years old and current Windows clients are running OpenSSL 1.0.1h, services running were probably compiled around the time of that SSL release. The server with this issue is running OpenSSL 1.0.2g.

CheckProofOfWork() bnTarget.getuint256=000000050e650000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
SetBestChain: new best=f7c2f4f28e66399bc17e0e35498300c20bf384d210ce8c5d640b70d9a3dfe372  height=17000  work=68218691770398  date=01/23/14 03:00:50  tx=2 ProcessBlock: ACCEPTED
received block 93f88d57ab19ae388e22
CheckProofOfWork() hash=bf82aa6e76ec014faf5bc9c347eb5ba8242545acdf09259ac753b8d264aec0f0
CheckProofOfWork() nBits=486629382
CheckProofOfWork() bnTarget.getuint256=0000000160060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
ERROR: CheckProofOfWork() : hash doesn't match nBits
ERROR: CheckBlock() : proof of work failed
ERROR: ProcessBlock() : CheckBlock FAILED

Edit: Compiled it with OpenSSL 1.0.1u and have the error.


texts: Discrepancy between blockchain.info live unconfirmed transactions page and chart

texts:
I'm looking at the live unconfirmed transaction page at blockchain.info, https://blockchain.info/unconfirmed-transactions which currently as I write this is running at around 166,000 transactions.

When I look at the chart labeled Mempool Transaction chart https://blockchain.info/charts/mempool-count with a description of "The number of transactions waiting to be confirmed", I see nothing that goes over 50,000 and for the current time shows only 22,066 transactions.

Seems like they should be the same. One is current unconfirmed transactions and the other is the number of transactions waiting to be confirmed.  What am I missing?


texts: How do you make a good choice of server host to run an exchange on?

texts:
I was looking at Amazon Web Services recently but they are based in the US - maybe not a good idea following what happened with mtgox.

I then looked at Linode as they have a pretty solid reputation, but I am concerned with the security issues they have had (bitcoinica lost all their funds because someone hacked the actual Linode admin panel, and I am still seeing security issues on their news in 2013).

I have what I think is a novel idea for an exchange and want to try and get a toy hobby project up and running... but how do you choose a server with good ram so it handle a surge in traffic? The ones I listed above are examples of what I don't want.


texts: When transferring money between a bank and bitcoin exchanges, might the bank suspend my account?

texts:
I'm based in the UK and am worried that my UK bank might have a problem with me transferring money to or from a bitcoin exchange, for example, Mt Gox.

I know that Paypal will suspend an account if it's involved with bitcoins, but does that also go for high street banks?


texts: Is it more dangerous when 51% attack happens than just having a pool with >50% hashrate?

texts:
Many people told me that, if a mining pool performs a 51% attack, the price of the coin will drop.

But I disagree.

There are pools with >50% hash power already for a long time. Flypool is an example. (On the ZCASH network)

If one day these pools start to mine only on their own blocks, but not double spending or refusing any transactions, they performed a 51% attack. However, I think the security risks didn't become higher.

Yes, they can revert a transaction at any time so it is a security risk, but they already have had this ability for months!

For these two situations:

there is a pool with >50% hashrate
this pool mines only on their own blocks

I think the second is not more dangerous than the first one.

So my question is, is it becoming more dangerous when a pool with >50% hashrate starts to mine only on their own blocks? Will the coin price drop and why? Why didn't pools like Flypool mine only on their own blocks?


texts: How can I securely create a QR code from a bitcoin address?

texts:
My Problem
I am trying to generate a QR code for a public bitcoin address, preferably using command-line tools. The process poses a security risk because malicious software can generate a QR code that represents an address different than the one given as input.
What Have I Tried
Searching this site and Github. I only found some unmaintained repos with very low usage.
My Question
How can I securely generate a QR representation for a bitcoin address from the command, using open-source software I can trust?


texts: How exactly does namecoin work on "low" level?

texts:
I know a bit about "low level" of bitcoin (transactions, blockchaon, script, network instructions...).

Now I want to read something about namecoin and all the online sources are very vague.

So, I have a question: how does namecoin work on the "low level"? how does it actually save the "domain"? how does it expire it? how can I move the domain to someone else?

I understand that it does it somehow by key value pairs stored in blockchain somehow - where exactly?


texts: Bitcoin and Merkle Tree - is in Bitcoin the Merkle Tree actually a List (which of course is a special form of a tree)?

texts:
When I get it right, each block in Bitcoins block chain contains a prev hash and a new block hash that includes this prev hash. So the genesis block only has itself and from there on each hash of the prev block is hashed again together with some transactions etc.
So the Merkle tree is in this case a List?

@Edit:
Found out that the Merkle Tree seems not to work globally, it seems to hash all transactions included in a block separately and use them as leaves and then build a binary tree upon them. Where each hash is created over the hash of their children.

So it seems it isn't a special kind of tree and instead a simple binary tree.

Is this all or did I miss something important?


texts: I heard dash has some extra features compared to bitcoin like masternodes etc, can someone explain the subtle differences especially regarding the scaling debate


texts: Bitcoin Address Received/Balance values differ from one explorer to another

texts:
Recently I've been looking into experimenting with querying the blockchain. I am running bitcoin-core, full node locally and updated.

I am mainly interested in querying watch-only addresses, each address is saved under a unique label (one to one). After rescanning, I try to query a randomly chosen address with "getreceivedbyaddress" (in this case: 367f4YWz1VCFaqBqwbTrzwi2b1h2U3w1AF )

bitcoin-cli displays a value of approx. 171,500 BTC
blockexplorer.com displays the same value as the bitcoin-cli
blockcypher.com and blockchain.com display nearly the same value - 33,000 BTC (which could be due to latency issues)

I would like to know if this is an issue from my end or if there's something I do not understand.


texts: How to make a vanity throwaway address? Similar to 1BitcoinEaterAddressDontSendf59kuE

texts:
I want to write data to the Blockchain, and write to specific addresses.

I want to send small amounts of Bitcoin to addresses like this:

1MikesReallyCoolApp<game_id_here>59kuE

How can I do this while still maintaining a valid address to send BTC to?

Is there someone who can breakdown the parts of a Bitcoin address that can be altered? I know each address needs a "1" in the beginning, but not sure about the other rules.


texts:
I just recieved a payment sent me bitcoins on my old multibit 0.5.18 wallet. I opened it up and didn't see it, so I refreshed the blockchain. When I did this my wallet crashed. When I started it back up I got a message saying could not load the wallet. I went to the directory $HOME/MultiBit/multibit-data/wallet-unenc-backup to load a backup and got the same message.

Is their a way I can get the private keys out of the multibit.wallet file so I can build an unencrypted.key file. So I can send the bitcoins to my new Multibit HD wallet?


texts:
Is there any bitcoin free full node (both mainnet and testnet) available online that i can make use of like infura for ethereum? This is because i do not intend to host my own node.

Also which javascript library for bitcoin can be used for generate wallet and sending transaction?


texts: Are the miners to decide if a consensus rule is accepted or not? Or are the buyers in power?

texts:
I get the impression that every time a consensus rule change is suggested then people assume that the miners/mining pools have the last word if this rule accepted or not. But isn't it up to the buyers?

Take the blocksize limit for example: A lot has been talked about which pool would go for which approach regarding the blocksize. Now let's assume one part of the miners would got for approach "big blocks" and the other would go for "small blocks". This would result in a fork of the blockchain: Bitcoin would essentially be split into two currencies: BigBlockBitcoin and SmallBlockBitcoin.

If I where to buy some Bitcoins after such an event, then I'd expect Bitcoin exchanges to offer me these two coin types. I would be able to buy the coins mined under the rules I like, it would not matter if they where mined by 90% of the miners world-wide, or by 10%.

Eventually one approach would lose traction and the coins value. So isn't it ultimately up to the buyers to decide if a coin is successful or not?


texts: What is the difference in speed between a GPU and an ASIC per dollar of cost?

texts:
I realize it depends on the ASIC as well as GPU.. Just want an estimate for some calculations I'm doing.

Talking about Bitcoin mining, not an altcoin.

Thanks!


texts: In the blockchain, every transaction has a transactionId where does this come from?


texts: How prevent from hacking personal computer and using my jaxx account

texts:
It looks like anyone who can hack a computer has direct access to the jaxx wallet stored on the hard drive.  Is there any way to block access like requiring a strong password to open the wallet?
Thanks, jat


texts: How can a non-miner store data in the block?

texts: If I am not a miner and would like to put arbitrary data in the block chain, is there currently any method or protocol to get a miner to add it for me?


texts: testnet server won't get any btc from TP's TestNet Faucet. what is the reason?

texts:
I have generate bitcoin address from testnet server.

but I can't get any btc in those address.
i tried many times and I failed.

can anyone explain me that is the reason? whay i can't get btc on those address.

note: i used regtest server for same purpose and my rpcport is 18332(regtest and testnet)


texts:
I did set up a mainnet c-lightning node by following the guide.
https://medium.com/@dougvk/run-your-own-mainnet-lightning-node-2d2eab628a8b

I noticed my node is visible on https://lnmainnet.gaben.win/ but the URI is unknown. Is there some settings I need to check on my server?


texts: Bitfinex Api limit server or individual ip address

texts: I'm using the Bitfinex API to create a website with prices of the cryptocurrencies on there. Their website says they have a 90 request limit per minute per ip address. Since I will be putting the website on a web server for everyone to access, will the limit be an individual ip address limit or server ip address limit?


texts: Multibit transactions unconformed since august. Where is my money?

texts:
I heard last summer that Multibit wouldn't be supported any more. So I set up a Blockchain-wallet account and tried to receive the btc to my Blockchainwallet.

4 transactions seem to be stuck somewhere. 2 are unconfirmed and seen by 26 peers and 2 others are also unconfirmed and seen by 21 peers. I've also tried one of those accelerators but apart from increasing it with one seen peer its helping me not at all.

Back in august I googled a bit about this and saw in similar discussions people advising to just 'wait it out'. However, we're december now and my BTC still seem stuck. I'm getting a bit nervous now.

1) What should I do to either get the transaction done or get my btc returned?

2) I have other BTC in my multibit wallet left: how do I move them to blockchain wallet?


texts:
Below is my response after creating the transaction. How do I create the hex encoded string of raw transaction in PHP. Is there package for it in PHP ?

{
      "tx": {
        "block_height": -1,
        "block_index": -1,
        "hash": "e489b823ac92e0f6f254f40ffca90aa026536c0a969302c0dbf27cc746613283",
        "addresses": [
          "C4TBnUyFj5kX9CPp4im8LDWa8d9kgJZMP8",
          "CCLA1wbxJEKLugrPvfpbzo9ApFVPg54asv"
        ],
        "total": 954600,
        "fees": 45400,
        "size": 119,
        "preference": "high",
        "relayed_by": "182.72.122.170",
        "received": "2018-02-06T08:47:01.900244013Z",
        "ver": 1,
        "double_spend": false,
        "vin_sz": 1,
        "vout_sz": 2,
        "confirmations": 0,
        "inputs": [
          {
            "prev_hash": "48e09cbf4701230038783a8ea3ef8c6b46b79aef897f54ed7af9ffc130f2072b",
            "output_index": 0,
            "output_value": 1000000,
            "sequence": 4294967295,
            "addresses": [
              "C4TBnUyFj5kX9CPp4im8LDWa8d9kgJZMP8"
            ],
            "script_type": "pay-to-pubkey-hash",
            "age": 1695612
          }
        ],
        "outputs": [
          {
            "value": 10,
            "script": "76a914d2a9103585799178a88be5cc9c6e7fcb4813e29788ac",
            "addresses": [
              "CCLA1wbxJEKLugrPvfpbzo9ApFVPg54asv"
            ],
            "script_type": "pay-to-pubkey-hash"
          },
          {
            "value": 954590,
            "script": "76a9147c3c71d0560de62cbfcb70d7f753aa487191646988ac",
            "addresses": [
              "C4TBnUyFj5kX9CPp4im8LDWa8d9kgJZMP8"
            ],
            "script_type": "pay-to-pubkey-hash"
          }
        ]
      },
      "tosign": [
        "3fad63985892f8e3ddb36f926503b6873bd91c456a24e12771d47a0cb5dc730f"
      ]
}


texts: Can I use bitcoind after I set up Core with the GUI?

texts:
I’m running macOS. I set up Bitcoin Core by installing the QT GUI from the .dmg available here. Upon initial setup, I set the data directory to an external SSD. I’ve downloaded and verified the whole chain and can use the GUI just fine.
I now want to mine another coin that requires access to bitcoind and bitcoin-cli from the command line. I followed separately the bitcoind (and related executables) installation instructions.
Now I want bitcoind to use the existing and verified chain I set up with the GUI. I understand that bitcoind and bitcoin-qt can’t run at the same time, but I don’t want to screw up my GUI configuration by running bitcoind (or spend several days re-downloading and verifying the whole chain).
To use bitcoind with my existing GUI data, it seems like I may only have to create a new bitcoin.conf file in ~/Library/Application Support/Bitcoin that includes datadir=<GUI SSD data path>.
Is that the case? Anything else I should do to ensure I don’t screw up my existing GUI configuration by running bitcoind separately?
Thanks very much.


texts: I was looking for options to buy NEO and got to know about CoinSwitch. Has anyone used this exchange?


texts: How much internet traffic does a 3.5GH/sec pooled miner use?

texts:
The question is clear I think. I used 3.5GH/s because that's what the upcoming ButterflyLabs Jalapeno will run. Assume it's mining for an average mining pool with 3.5GH/s (only bitcoins).

I'm interested in maintaining one on a spot where I can get electricity for free, but I have limited internet access.


texts:
I am looking at the litecoin code and i cant seem to understand these lines. I am learning to create a new coin.

What exactly is BIP34Height and BIP65Height and BIP66Height?

What is the purpose and what it does to the blocks and what effect it has on mining?

        consensus.BIP34Height = 710000;
        consensus.BIP34Hash = uint256S("f1a13ec4ed9235d9792c581d6549b42340db403e21a16be0a2fe57f7119bc920");
        consensus.BIP65Height = 918684; // bab3041e8977e0dc3eeff63fe707b92bde1dd449d8efafb248c27c8264cc311a
        consensus.BIP66Height = 811879; // 7aceee012833fa8952f8835d8b1b3ae233cd6ab08fdb27a771d2bd7bdc491894
        consensus.powLimit = uint256S("00000fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff");


texts: worker showing offline in nanopool my rig shows it is hashing. Need help please!

texts:
I am using nanopool and it did work after initial start up. I rebooted the rig and now my worker is offline. I am hashing and connected ot pool1 us-pool pool2 eu-pool.
Has anyone else had this problem?
Please help and thank you in advance for any assistenace.


texts:
Speaking with a large group about Bitcoins lately, I noticed that most people there came to like Bitcoins for different reasons. The shady ppl wanted drugs, the accountants wanted to avoid taxes, the Ron Paul people wanted more personal liberty and to end the Fed, The traders wanted new Forex opportunities, and the computer techies were in love with the elegance of the system...

So I'm really starting to wonder here, What are the demographics of the Bitcoin users? Has anyone attempted to do a serious attempt at finding those? Perhaps even a big website poll?

Inquiring minds want to know.


texts: Why is my client saying "A fatal error occured. Bitcoin can no longer continue safely and will quit. "?

texts:
i am running bitcoin client on OSX. I am by no stretch of the imagination any good at using terminal. I had over 300 btc in there and my computer went black and now client keeps giving me this message "A fatal error occured. Bitcoin can no longer continue safely and will quit.

EXCEPTION: 22DbRunRecoveryException
DbEnv::open: DB_RUNRECOVERY: Fatal error, run database recovery
bitcoin in Runaway exception
"
I can pay somebody to help me fix this problem. dont want to lose the coins i have there. thanks. you'll have to bear with me though. not too good at this.


texts:
I loved those two

https://github.com/grondilu/bitcoin-bash-tools
https://www.bitaddress.org/

because you can convert HEX into WIF private key.

Is there something similar what allows to create Segwit Bitcoin addresses from HEX? It is useful for those who want to dice wallet.


texts:
As an assignment in a digital security course, a group of 100 students was asked to transfer a small amount in bitcoins to a certain wallet. They promised they'd buy something for us from this money. As a proof that we made the transaction, we've been asked to hand in the transaction id.

I'm wondering what exactly restricts me of using blockchain.info to search for this wallet address, wait until someone else has made such a transaction, and then just use that transaction id.

Am I right that merely requesting the transaction id isn't enough here?

Of course, they could notice when two people hand in the same transaction id, but we're in different groups, so they may not notice.


texts: Is there any regulations on buying and selling Bitcoin on eBay?

texts: I see a lot of people selling Bitcoin on eBay. Since the government began regulating exchanges, are there any rules you have to follow now to sell Bitcoins on a site like eBay? Additionally, are there any rules you have to follow when buying from eBay?


texts: Speed of operations in the Bitcoin network

texts:
Did anyone measure how fast transactions spread through the Bitcoin network? For example, how long does it take for a newly generated block to be propagated to most active clients?

Mainly asking this question to get some general idea whether an alternative protocol that would aim to have faster transactions is really feasible, or is 10 minutes a good buffer.


texts: How can i effectively split large outputs into smaller ones?

texts:
I have a wallet that pays lots of small amounts in the range of 0.x to 5 BTC.
I filled the wallet with one transaction of 50 BTC, so there is only one large input contained.
Now when i transfer 0.5 BTC anywhere, the transaction has two outputs - 0.5 for the receiver and 49.5 change.
Problem is that as long as this transaction is not confirmed the wallet is more or less blocked, as it only contains 49.5 unconfirmed balance.

So basically I end up with one transaction per block, as i need to wait for the change to be confirmed until i can create the next tx.

Edit:
Note that I am using the rawtransactions API and when constructing a transaction i only want to use confirmed outputs (from "listunspent" command) as inputs for the new tx.

What is the best way to split the big output in the wallet into something like e.g. 10*5.0 BTC?


texts: Can Bitcoin help charitable organisations ensure payments go to the right people?

texts:
One common problem when organisations, such as charities or governments, donate money to good causes is that it becomes very hard to track where the money went.

For example, there are accusations of money unintentionally being used to purchase weapons instead of providing food. Naturally, the organisations handing out the money do their best to keep track of it, mainly relying on accounting and reporting procedures, but these chains become complex and there are many ways to obfuscate the money trail.

Is there a way, even if it is not yet implemented, that Bitcoin would be able to provide a better solution than existing in this scenario?


texts: Where in the source code are transaction validation checks implemented?

texts:
I understand that consensus (mining) and transaction validation are different concepts. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I believe each full node validates transactions and puts the valid ones into its own memory pool. Miners select transactions from the mempool and carry out the mining/consensus process to create a block.

Are there additional checks carried out by miners? If so, where are they in the Bitcoin source code? So far, I've found that transaction validation is carried out by some functions in main.cpp like AccepttoMemoryPool, while mining is implemented in miner.cpp. However, miner.cpp apparently also contains some checks.


texts: Bitcoin's whitepaper says that "A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution". That is, without a trusted third party. But in Bitcoin, instead of the third party being financial institution, it is miners who are in between. So, how bitcoin is peer to peer? And isn't the traditional method of payment, including PayPal etc., peer to peer?


texts: .csv file of every block timestamp in btc history

texts: i am looking for a .csv file of every block timestamp in bitcoin history with the block height. i can get one day at a time from bitcoin.info but i dont fancy manually copying and pasting over 3000 days worth and cleaning that data up. Does anyone know an efficient way to obtain this? i'll even settle for the daily block count, as long as its back to the genesis block and in .csv format.


texts: Where do I check if a 1 satoshi / byte fee will go through for a 3xxx address segwit transaction?

texts: Where can I go to see if I set a 1 satoshi / byte fee that it will go through in a bitcoin transaction when using a 3xxx segwit address?


texts:
Is there some kind of implementation in bitcoin to communicate between nodes, which is similar to the Whisper Communication in Ethereum ?

Whisper, is a communication protocol for DApps to communicate each other without using the Blockchain and Dapps are something in ethereum which is called as Decentralized Applications, which are created using smart contracts.

https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Whisper


texts: How can we look up any transaction in a blockchain if they are encrypted?

texts: When we add a transaction to a blockchain, aren't all the transactions hashed? Once we do that and keep on adding hashed blocks, how are we able to look up any transactions and their details?


texts:
We've seen the issues taking place with the Eurozone, notably that countries who share monetary union seem to ultimately need to share economic union, which tends to lead to political union.

Is there a plausible scenario whereby Bitcoin (or similar) could become a world currency, yet somehow different countries could avoid economic/political union and maintain sovereignty?


texts: What is the actual threat of a majority attack on the Bitcoin blockchain?

texts:
As far as I understand, an attacker (in the role of a malicious miner) controlling a large portion of the current hash power could replace previously accepted blocks with alternatives.

But, what does that mean? He could

Collect the block reward
Add previously unconfirmed transactions, making them confirmed
Omit formerly confirmed transactions

But what would an attacker gain with this?

Block rewards are easier collected with real mining
Unconfirmed transactions may eventually confirm anyway
Omitted transactions may confirm just a while later anyway, too

So what's the danger with majority attacks?


texts: How does blockchain.info associate a message with an address?

texts: I randomly encountered this address on blockchain.info: https://blockchain.info/address/1CzpppydnGN5dQN7iBnZbmm5RXreu7hrHW and at the top a message appears presumably describing the owner of the address. I have not seen this before. Is this just a feature of blockchain.info or is it a feature generally available in the Bitcoin system? And if so, how does this feature work?


texts: How does a double spend get resolved when two miners find conflicting blocks at the same time?

texts:
I was trying to learn about Bitcoin and its flow. Actually, I was stuck how the control flows in solving the double spend.

For eg. if Ta and Tb are a double spend of the same transaction with different outputs. These two transactions can flow through different path in the network, and assume flow in exactly opposite path. So Ta reaches miner Ma who creates a block and Tb reaches another miner Mb. Now, Ma may solve the block with Ta and Mb with Tb. Both start broadcasting the respective blocks with Ta and Tb to be a part of block chain.

After some time in relay some node may get both transactions and find its invalid but here already the block are relayed.
What happens in such a case and how is the double spend resolved?


texts: Private Blockchains: Potential rudimentary distributed cryptographic filesystem?

texts:
I have seen examples of people using public blockchains to store data of all types, everything from basic text to photos and music, encoded into fake addresses.

This got me thinking.. about a potential application of a private blockchain, used solely for the purpose of storing important data in a distributed (say across a company's LAN) and cryptographically secure manner.

How could one accomplish this while keeping as much of the core infrastructure of a currency's blockchain in tact but also while removing the unnecessary bits? For example, none of the coinbase inputs/outputs would be required, nor would difficulty re-targeting or anything relative to hashrate since the only "incentive" for mining would be to store the data you wish to store on the blockchain. Would the data be mined into a block on demand, or would there be a "trusted" miner to do this with all data in the memory pool at a given interval? Would there need to be a special ancillary program to decrypt the data for a given block using a typical public/private key pair and a specification of file type, or would there be markers in the "transaction ID" or other data within the block that would aid in this?

I know there are many questions here, and I understand there are already applications that are meant solely to store data on a blockchain, but I guess what I am really wondering is how many of the key components of a cryptocurrency's blockchain would carry over to this application of blockchain technology.


texts: Can stolen or otherwise tainted coins be laundered through mining fees?

texts:
Do chain analysis techniques consider the fee portion of block rewards as tainted funds?
e.g. if known stolen funds are moved in a certain block, the fees the sender pays end up "polluting" the block reward. I want to know how much weight this taint actually gets when it comes to chain analysis. Would the largest exchanges accept these coins as deposits?
If so, then a thief could launder the funds by colluding with a miner. e.g. do a self transfer that pays 10% in fees; don't broadcast the tx, just pass it to the colluding miner who mines it and later returns a portion of the fees to the thief out of the block reward.
If not, then a thief could taint every block's reward by simply self transferring a minimal amount with sufficient fees for next block. Then none of the blocks rewards can be deposited in any heavily regulated exchange. I guess miners could censor those txs if the thief's UTXOs are well known, but it's still an attack vector I guess.


texts: How to programmatically send Bitcoins without requiring a local copy of the blockchain?

texts:
I'm quite new to Bitcoin development! I've seen the documentation about RPC commands, available when you have a local copy of the blockchain.

But I'd like to know if it's possible to create and broadcast send transactions on the Bitcoin network without a local copy of the blockchain?

I use Java, but I try to avoid using Bitcoinj. Currently, I try to understand how everything works under the hood. I'm able to create new addresses, with their associated private keys (raw and WIFformats). Those work well!

Using the API provided by blockchain.com, I'm able to get info about those addresses and to know if they have received coins.

The only missing part for me is to find a way to programmatically send some coins from those addresses to other addresses, without a local copy of the blockchain (and using RPC calls on it).

I see blockchain.com also provides a Wallet API but, correct me if I'm wrong, by using this they control the private keys right? I'd prefere a way to send coins by creating and signing the transactions locally and then broadcasting them, by myself... Without a local blockchain.

Is it possible? What are the options?


texts: blockchan.info payment processing, how long?

texts:
I try to implement the payment processing API from blockchain.info
I created a request by the example of their website, and receive a generated bitcoin adress:

See an example here: https://blockchain.info/address/1Jv2S3iMo71c1WZEuE25Gemx7qjmqcVqNX
I send 0.001 BTC to that adress. It has already 8 confirmations atm. But when are they send to my adress? How much confirmations does blockchain.info needs?

Thank you


texts: I have withdrawn BTC from an exchange to be sent to another. However, I haven't receieved it. When I check it with the transaction hash, it shows as it took so many confirmations. Can anybody tell me where the problem is? Please check my Tx hash : 1db23c2bdc95d1b889ae0489103a0d0041bd5e046c07ebefdffd81abab343978


texts: Is there a way to report/shutdown a Bitcoin Criminal/Bad-Actor?

texts:
I received a SPAM/Phishing/Blackmail email demanding payment to a specific Bitcoin wallet.

  BTC: 15vUqauqHybEPvXYLv97WW4XwM2YHXYC1d

How can this criminal be shutdown?

If legal action is problematic, could a "User Rating/Classification" be added to BTC Wallets so that it's possible to "tag" Bitcoin users who are using this technology for illegal purposes?

EDIT (evening of 20181125)

BitCoin Address Transactions for Wallet 15vUqauqHybEPvXYLv97WW4XwM2YHXYC1d

         |  Number of   |
         |   Receive    |
Date     | Transactions |
-------------------------
20181116 |         5    |
20181117 |         4    |
20181118 |         7    |
20181119 |        11    |
20181120 |         3    |
20181121 |         3    |
20181122 |         1    |
20181125 |         2    |

1.55036944 BTC scammed so far to just this wallet.
Other accumulator/consolidation wallets hold much more.

On 20181119 everything was transferred to BTC Wallet  38b3k1qkYDQDxX7FTZ14UtioemUmvH6Wfv.  This wallet then showed receiving two transactions for the sum of 3.78129807 BTC.

On 20181120 small transactions to the origin wallet continued.

BTC Wallet  38b3k1qkYDQDxX7FTZ14UtioemUmvH6Wfv received one more transaction for a total of 3.78129807 BTC.  This wallet was then transfered to BTC Wallet 1KNY4i1642h7Rhrd2YUUv6RCJ3eifybbeF which shows a total receipt of 15.31805607 BTC - all apparent consolidations on 20181120.

On 20181122 the contents of the original wallet was transferred to BTC Wallet  38ezWFTTFJbyAD1oHXzydfVAxsXUwZYukg.  Less than 20 minutes later, this entire wallet was transferred to 2 other wallets.

Being a BitCoin criminal seems to be very lucrative.


texts: Installing bitcoin and bitcoincash on same server

texts:
I have installed bitcoin core by using its source code in my amazon server by using the instructions given in the below youtube link

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tG_24G7bj_w

  Some portion of the commands that i used to install the bitcoin from
  the source code were given below,

  sudo mv ./include/bitcoinconsensus.h
  /usr/local/include/bitcoinconsensus.h mkdir -p /usr/local/lib sudo mv
  ./lib/libbitcoinconsensus.so /usr/local/lib/libbitcoinconsensus.so
  sudo mv ./lib/libbitcoinconsensus.so.0
  /usr/local/lib/libbitcoinconsensus.so.0 sudo mv
  ./lib/libbitcoinconsensus.so.0.0.0
  /usr/local/lib/libbitcoinconsensus.so.0.0.0 chmod 644
  /usr/local/lib/libbitcoinconsensus.so
  /usr/local/lib/libbitcoinconsensus.so.0
  /usr/local/lib/libbitcoinconsensus.so.0.0.0

Its running fine in my server. Now I need to install bitcoincash also in the same server using the source file.
I got the source file of bitcoincash from the below link

https://www.bitcoinunlimited.info/download

But i have a doubt that is there any conflict will occure when we install two coins in the same server,

  also from the given commands we can see that we have to move some
  common folders(eg libbitcoinconsensus.so , libbitcoinconsensus.so.0 )
  to the /usr/local/lib/ fiolder and /usr/local/include/ folder for
  installing both coin.

Then how can i install both coins from the source? Can alyone please give me to solve this problem?


texts: where is transaction confirmation number in bitcoin source?

texts:
I have try to check in bitcoin source code.
i want to see confirmation number code but i have not found.
where is transaction transaction confirmation number in bitcoin source ? how to update it ?
Thanks you


texts: Can I get Bitcoins anonymously by having a friend perchase them from an exchange and tranferring them to me?

texts:
Be kind to me as I'm a little bit fresh off the block with regards to bitcoin...

Basically I'm looking for a practical way to get bitcoins anonymously. I know I can find people to meet up with to purchase bitcoins for cash and I know about Bitcoin ATMs but I was wondering, what if were to set up an anonymous bitcoin wallet and then have a friend purchase bitcoins legitimately through an exchange and then transfer the bitcoins to my wallet... Isn't this pretty much exactly what those people meeting for cash are doing? Obviously then it's not anonymous for my friend but so what? They don't need anonymity if all they're doing is buying and selling bitcoins right?

Thanks


texts:
It strikes me as ironic that the majority of cryptocurrency activity is focused in developed nations, wherein financial structures (as corrupt as they may be according to some) are fairly developed and properly regulated. From the outset, cryptocurrency has been best suited to developing nations, wherein access to cash is limited, and the poor are swamped with bad money (e.g. Zimbabwean dollars) during periods of economic difficulty.

So, for the last few weeks, I've been trying to understand how a decentralised airdrop would work in such an environment. For example:

1) if we wanted to airdrop 1,000,000 alt-coins across Africa or South America, in a decentralised manner, how would we go about doing it?

2) and from then onwards, given the fact that blockchain is dependent on a continuous internet connection, how would we maintain the blockchain in such in an environment with a delay tolerant network

Too much thought goes into building out services for people like you and I who don't really need it, because of the promise of profit, as opposed to helping those who are less fortunate... these are much harder problems to solve I guess, but would make the world a better place.


texts: how to import private key without scaning QR code

texts:
I bought Bitcoins from the ATM and it gave me a receipt with a QR code.
and now after one year i wanted to scan it into my wallet, but ink on paper faded and it can`t be scaned.....
so im wondering if i can enter the private key manualy by keyboard?


texts: Bitcoin erupters not stable on Ubuntu and cgminer 3.3?

texts:
I setup p2pool on my ubuntu  12.04LTS x64 machine. Installed cgminer 3.3 and ran it. the newest cgminer is supposed to support the USB mode with the erupters without any extra configuration.

I have 2 erupters on a powered usb2 hub and 2 running off the motherboard direct. The hashing is just not stable; jumping from 50mh to 300, then getting sick and restarting- there are a ton of rejects. The avg on 4 should be 1.2gh but I am hardy getting 300mh.

I don't know what is wrong. I have been reading many posts all over over the place, one after the other and I am stumped. It is not meant to be this difficult- is it??

What did I miss?


texts: Successfully compile bitcoin without errors, but get 'Abort trap: 6' when I run /.bitcoind on Mac OSX

texts:
I compile bitcoin successfully without errors, but get 'Abort trap: 6' when I run /.bitcoind

/bitcoin/src > ./bitcoind
Abort trap: 6

Building with master branch lastest commit: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/commit/99bc0b428b03b571afbc311b7f18fd3a707ac5af


texts: Conditional scripting: how does OP_NOTIF (and OP_IF) operation(s) affect the stack?

texts:
I'm trying to write a scriptPubKey for a transaction which checks that the hash of the top value in the scriptSig is equal to either one of two fixed values and if so will do the normal transaction signature checks to allow the owner of a specific bitcoin address to spend them; if the scriptSig value is not equal to either one of the fixed values then the spending transaction should be marked as invalid.

I'm trying to keep the scriptPubKey as small as possible, i.e. avoiding hard-coded duplications of pubKeyHash and/or duplications of large chunks of scripting.

Here's what I've got so far...

scriptPubKey:

OP_HASH160 OP_DUP <B> OP_EQUAL OP_DUP
OP_NOTIF OP_DROP OP_DUP <C> OP_EQUAL OP_ENDIF
OP_VERIFY OP_DROP
OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <pubKeyHash> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG

The scriptSig would look like this...

scriptSig:

<sig> <pubKey> <A>

The intention is that the transaction would pay out if ( HASH160(A)=B or HASH160(A)=C ) and sig, pubKey and pubKeyHash were all valid in the normal way.

My worry arises from OP_NOTIF; the scripting section of the Bitcoin wiki says that OP_NOTIF removes the top stack value...I assume that it is removed as the OP_NOTIF evaluates it and it is removed regardless of whether it is TRUE or FALSE. Is that correct?

The latter assumption is why I've duplicated the result of the first OP_EQUAL so that I can OP_VERIFY it after the conditional line (assuming that it was TRUE and hasn't otherwise been OP_DROPped by the conditional line).

Would my proposed scriptPubKey have the desired result (without nasty side effects) or is there something smaller/simpler (e.g. using OP_IFDUP instead of an OP_DUP and a conditional OP_DROP) or, if my script is plain wrong, what would a workable script look like?

I should say that the point of this transaction is not to effect a multi-signature transaction; it's to effect a kind of single-signature plus 1-of-2 'passwords' transaction.


texts: How to Create Bitcoin Cash HD Walllet in Javascript

texts: I am trying to create a Bitcoin Cash HD wallet through mnemonic phrase, but I don't know any npm package that is compatible with HD wallets and Bitcoin Cash. Could someone help me build the BCH HD Wallet?


texts: How a stakeholder is chosen randomly in proof-of-stake?

texts: In PoS a group of stakeholders is selected randomly. Now, the question is if stakeholder_1 owns more coins than stakeholder_2, then he has more chance to be selected as a validator in comparison to stakeholder_2 ? or both of them have an equal chance in selecting process ?


texts: Scenario: disaster splits the Internet into dozens unconnected fragments

texts: Major US cities restore connectivity locally for a couple of days, but the internet islands are separated (or have very poor interconnectivity).  Two days later, connectivity is restored resulting in, say 50 separate blockchains full of transactions.  NYC leads the pack with 5% of all transactions and is the dominant chain.  How do we reconcile 95% of the transactions (from 49 chains, less than 5% each) ?  Would anyone in their right mind use bitcoin in times of trouble?


texts: Learning to trade iOS user friendly crypto wallet safety when stored in and transfer for trading or use to purchase or get cashed

texts: iPhone users best crypto wallet in bitcoin currency trading and transfer for easy access to use and keep safe deposit and profits as a new and first time trading experience  to the trading crypto currency and forex markets and stock exchange


texts:
If this is the first connection of a new client to the network, I would like to know after the exchange of version & verack messages from both peers, which message is exchanged. I guess every time a getblocks message is needed because our client needs to check if the blockchain we have is the latest. So the getaddr messages follow the getblocks message?

And if the client had connected in the past will he need any getaddr messages or his database of peers would be enough?


texts: How to get unspent bitcoins using bitcoinj

texts:
I'm trying to get unspent transaction using bitcoinj like here
without using api calls. How can I do this?


texts:
How do I compile this source or get vanitygen for linux?

Open source link:
https://github.com/samr7/vanitygen


texts: distinguish change address from real origindestination

texts:
a lot of bitcoin clients now send change address balances back to the origin address, by default, to make it easier for people to keep track of their balances.

with this in mind, those transactions are easy to reveal which address is the origin, the destination and the change address.

Also this singles out transactions that do not behave this way, where the origin address splits the transaction into a real destination and a new change address and coins sit in both. Just from looking at the blockchain, how would one decide which address was the real destination and which one was the new change address. Would it be the timestamp each address was created or similarly when it was first revealed to have a transaction?


texts: How can there be block mining rewards in Rootstock?

texts:
I'm trying to understand Rootstock a little better, and am still not sure about the mining rewards they mention in their white paper:

  RSK uses the DECOR+ block reward sharing scheme to reduce competition and allow miners late switch to the
  RSK best block. If miners switch their hardware each time a RSK block is found, they
  compete for a full RSK block reward. If they late switch, and keep mining past block tips,
  they create uncles and and earn a share of the block reward.

But how does this mesh with the pegged 1:1 exchange rate of BTC to RSK? The people behind Rootstock specifically state that new coins aren't generated, only bought with BTC. Is the block reward the transaction rewards?

Thanks!


texts: Can "Confidential Addresses" preserve user privacy?

texts:
Can using "Confidential Addresses" be an alternative to zk-SNARKs to provide an acceptable privacy for a user?

And when we talk about "Confidential Transactions", does it mean we are using "Confidential Addresses"?

And if "Confidential Addresses" are enough for user privacy, why do we need to use zk-SNARKS? Are their missions different?


texts: Limit wallet to sending funds to a list of addresses

texts: Imagine a scenario. There are 3 parties: Party A, Party B and a mediator party C. A and B transfer each 1 BTC to a newly created wallet W owned by C. The function of C is to distribute the entire 2 BTC to either A or B depending on some condition (think a bet). Now imagine C gets compromised and it's private key is stolen by a hacker. The hacker can now send 2 BTC to any address he wants. Is it possible to limit wallet W to sending funds to only A or B? So that even if it's compromised, the hacker can only send funds to A or B and not any arbitrary address.


texts: Electrum giving RPCerror during a send transaction. "the transaction was rejected by network rules. Missing inputs"

texts:
In recent days due to the Electrum being attacked, I upgraded to the latest 3.3.2 Electrum. But now I'm getting the error as seen below:

  "the transaction was rejected by network rules. Missing inputs"

I tried picking many different servers and it's giving the same error. It says "missing inputs", but I picked an address with coins in it. So I'm not sure why it would be "missing".


texts:
One of the most common criticisms made against Bitcoin is related to its deflationary nature.  Regardless of the advantages and disadvantages of an inflationary system, would it possible to change the rate of coin generation in order to transform Bitcoin into an inflationary currency?

I know that the Bitcoin protocol and client are often updated to incorporate new features, but what part of the protocol (if any) is set in stone? Could such a drastic change be done by the developers?


texts: Does anyone have a formula for adaptive blocksize?

texts:
I want to implement this, so does anyone have a formula for adaptive blocksize?

I only found this:

if(average size of last 4096 blocks*4>maxblocksize &&
   median size of last 4096 blocks *8>maxblocksize)
        maxblocksize = (average size of last 4096 blocks*4)


texts: Correlated raw transactions' input/output chaining

texts:
So I'm in the process of implementing a BTC-based payment module where for every transaction to a non-wallet account a fraction of the amount will end up to a charity account in a external wallet not controlled by this module.

A typical round for that would be:

The module receives the payment from user
It forwards the 90% (this percentage is arbitary) of the amount to its final destination (e.g. a merchant)
It now has to forward the remaining 10% to the charity of the user's choice

In a lower level, the system:

Receives a transaction TxFromUser from the user with an amount of X BTC
Waits until it gets 6 confirmations
Creates a new raw transaction, TxToMerchant to forward the payment to the merchant
Creates another raw transaction TxToCharity to forward the donation to the charity

Going a bit deeper:

TxToMerchant:

Create new raw transaction
Add new input: TxFromUser
Add new output: Address: Merchant's address, Amount: 0.9 * TxFromUser.Amount
Add new output: Address: Module's own wallet address, Amount: 0.1 * TxFromUser.Amount
Calculate the fee for this transaction
Subtract the fee from the second output's amount
Create the transaction's hex and sign it with the right key
Send the transaction and get its id: TxToMerchant.Id

TxToCharity:

Wait for the above transaction (TxToMerchant) to get confirmed
Create a new raw transaction
Add new input: TxToMerchant (this will be the change we asked for above)
Add new output: Address: Charity's address, Amount: TxToMerchant.Amount = 0.1 * TxFromUser.Amount
Calculate the fee for this transaction
Subtract the fee from transaction's output amount
Create the transaction's hex and sign it with the right key
Send the transaction and get its id: TxToCharity.Id

I am aware of the fact that I could merge these two transactions (TxToMerchant and TxToCharity) into a single transaction, however for various reasons (business requirement) let's just say that this is not possible at the moment.

The issue I have with the above implementation is this: waiting for the TxToMerchant to confirm creates a lag, as I cannot forward the payment to the charity TxToCharity until TxToMerchant is confirmed (or can I, without having to worry about transaction malleability etc?).

On top of that, when the time comes to add the TxToCharity's input I have to keep track of how the change was returned in TxToMerchant and then get the right unspent transaction (where listunspent.txid = TxToMerchant.Id), is there a more efficient and less error-prone way to do this?

Let's suppose that the user wants to split the payment between 2 merchants (or a merchant and a freight service, which makes more sense), so in the above example there would be 1 more transaction like TxToMerchant, let's call it TxToFreightService. Let's say now that TxToMerchant goes trough well and gets confirmed but TxToFreightService fails and never gets confirmed because the input used for it was a double-spend regardless the 6 confirmations we got (for its input) before processing it. TxToCharity depends on TxToFreightService because the requested change in TxToFreightService will serve as the input to TxToCharity. How do I deal with this scenario programmatically without having to perform corrections by hand every single time this happens?


texts:
My understanding of "hardfork" was that it referred to anything that requires re-building the blockchain from the genesis block. But now, I understand that anything that requires a Bitcoin-Qt client upgrade is a hardfork, too. Why is a hardfork considered a problem in the Bitcoin community?

User wallets and stored keys are more important, so all upgrades must ensure they wouldn't break these, but does it matter at all that it's required to upgrade old clients to use new features?


texts:
I have an old Bitcoin brainwallet that I created a few years ago (before any forks) with almost 1 BTC in it.  I know it's not a lot, but I decided to get a Trezor as a safer storage method.  I now want to move the BTC into my Trezor wallet, along with any of the forked coins that have happened since (BCH and ???).

What is the safest and simplest way to do this?  I'm not particularly technically savvy, so please break it down for me step by step.


texts:
In the Lightning Network, it's possible to pay in units a thousandth of a satoshi, a millisatoshi.

But you can't redeem them directly on the main chain when closing a channel, it will be subject to a round error, your value will be 'trimmed' of some millisatoshis.

But how they can exist before that? Is that part of the LN based on trust? The nodes store the number somehow, but what if the decided to change it? How can the digital signatures 'cover' the value, if they sign only the data of a on-chain transaction?


texts: How to convert encrypted wallet.dat to decrypted? (Yes, I know the password)

texts:
I don't want to spend transaction fee for transferring coins to unencrypted wallet.dat.

What should I do?


texts: How to check if the segwit2x fork was adopted?

texts:
SegWit2x was scheduled to happen today at BTC block 501451 (http://b2x-segwit.io).

How do I check if the fork was adopted and by whom?

Electrum wallet docs (http://docs.electrum.org/en/latest/hardfork.html) say the app will detect a blockchain split, but mine didn't notice anything. Does this means the fork wasn't successful?


texts:
I have a doubt about HTLC on a lightning network payment. I have this scenario:
Alice wants to pay 100 sats to David using a route she found with Bob and Chad, this would be:
Alice -> Bob -> Chad -> David

Alices sends the HTLC to Bob, Bob to Chad and Chad to David, everything goes as expected, David wants to reveal the secret to Chad and they update their channel state, now David have +100 sats on his channel balance and Chad have -100 sats.
Chad do the same with Bob and now Chad have +100 sats on his side of the channel and Bob have -100 sats on his side.
At the moment Bob wants to do the same with Alice his node crash and go offline (for days), Alice can wait for the timeout and get her funds back, Bob would lose the funds.
I read before that an HTLC chain was atomic, all payments are successful or none of them, is this true? in this case David and Chad got their payments updating the channel state but not Alice so this case is not atomic.
What I am missing here?


texts: When does the Ardor - NXT to Ignis snapshot occur and which exchanges support the snapshot?

texts: I heard the Ignis snapshot is going to occur sometime in the summer of 2017. When is the exact date? And how many coins do you get for holding your NXT for Ignis? And which exchanges are on board with issuing the Ignis tokens?


texts:
I´m trying to recover a wallet from which the Master Private Key (mpk) in hex format and the number of used addresses is known.

Till now I could manage to convert the hex mpk to the wif format and import this to electrum. But here to history seems to be totally lost.

Is there any way to recover the full wallet and history (not neccessary with electrum)?