texts:
I've recently entered the bitcoin arena, and bitcoinj was my tool choice. Experimenting on regression test mode, I was able to create the following custom transaction. It has a modified locking script and would need a modified unlocking, input, script.

 //Sender: sig pubk [dup() hash() pubk equ() chksig() OP_VERIFY() match_me eqal()]
 //Receiver: matcher sig pubk [dup() hash() pubk equ() chksig()]

 Script locking = new ScriptBuilder()
      .op(OP_DUP)
      .op(OP_HASH160)
      .data(address3.getHash160())
      .op(OP_EQUALVERIFY).op(OP_CHECKSIG)
      .op(OP_VERIFY)/*gets rid of the true left by previous checksig*/
      .data(match_me)/*32bytes to be matched in unlocking script*/
      .op(OP_EQUAL)/*checks the equality of match_me with one provided by receiver*/
      .build();

 Transaction contract = new Transaction(params);

 contract.addOutput(COIN.multiply(25), locking);
 SendRequest req = SendRequest.forTx(contract);
 wallet2.wallet().completeTx(req);
 wallet2.peerGroup().broadcastTransaction(req.tx);

Here, I'm trying to create this transaction that won't be spent until the receiver provides data that matches 'match_me'. The transaction half successfully spends the coins from the sender's wallet, subtracting 25 BTC from wallet2. However, wallet3 was still empty even after generating a new block.

 Transaction:
   bd52d8ef024715096b5177d581121122dc1ce9f8925c105a496bb290691ba1a7
   updated: 2016-10-02T23:19:14Z
      in   PUSHDATA(72)     [3045022100f5664de61bd0c9576d7dd2aaf98f2ba4e60c1013e55a36e62bf1d47c38a0fb5c02206872b35821f05069df5d2302dadc55011e6e6d7569e2e46c655deb9265390f3f01] PUSHDATA(33)[035562c04ff3ddb5a8ba566f4cd84c3e47478997ab8730bd923a4260fc9dfe246e] 50.00 BTC
      outpoint:7738e333b27700e835d3c118444d9f2181033c8d796ca116c66d795140ad64df:1 hash160:67d4ea4c50e80497380b7eb2f901664dc341db4b
 out  DUP HASH160 PUSHDATA(20)[d713cf366138ad0d0aac8c148ca724c18a8c4e4d] EQUALVERIFY CHECKSIG VERIFY PUSHDATA(16)[e04fd020ea3a6910a2d808002b30309d] EQUAL 25.00 BTC
 out  DUP HASH160 PUSHDATA(20)[2515ad4a14c15cc363796684149fd23ae1c3146e] EQUALVERIFY CHECKSIG 24.999877 BTC
 fee  0.00050204 BTC/kB, 0.000123 BTC for 245 bytes
 prps USER_PAYMENT

I speculate that it could be the case that wallet3 doesn't recognize the custom transaction, so it doesn't include it in its balance. Do you think so?
If I decided to spend the transaction using the txid, how would I create the inputs to unlock it? how do I create scriptsig with (.data(matcher).data(sig).data(pubkey))?

Thank you


texts: Why is the hash rate on my Mac higher than my PC with Antminer U2

texts: I just got my Antminer U2 and I've tried it on my PC and Macbook Pro. When Using my Macbook Pro with Asteroid, it shows a Hash rate of +3.0 GH/s. When I use BFGMiner on my PC, I'm only getting 2.07 GH/s. The BFGMiner is using the OC command also, and the Asteroid wasn't using anything. It it just displaying incorrectly or is there an actual difference?


texts: How to avoid rebroadcasting a transaction that is pending?

texts:
I'm using MultiBit Classic, and one of my transactions is stuck due to too low fees.
The main problem is that I have my change amount blocked until this TX goes through.

I understand that I should wait for some time as it will expire (or be included in some block), but if I'm starting my wallet after this happens, wouldn't it rebroadcast the transaction?

Or even while waiting, should I keep my wallet open, or it will continue to push the TX?

Note that I tried to do a "Reset of chain and transactions" as suggested on their help page, but it seems that this does not remove the transaction from wallet (so I guess the wallet will rebrodcast it). Also, I've uploaded the wallet key into a fresh install of Multibit, but still without luck.


texts: Does BTC return fee in a failed transaction?

texts:
From wiki 'The fee may be collected by the miner who includes the transaction in a block.' wiki

So I think it will return your fee , in a failed transaction.But I can't find any other article about it. Does it really return fee?


texts: How to find net BTC spent or recieved in a transaction

texts:
Given a BTC transaction such as this, how do I find the net amount person A sent to person B. I have searched all over and people start bringing up change wallets and all this other stuff. All I want to know, is given this transaction how can I convert it into something like: A --1.32BTC--> B. I don't care about what wallets the change was sent to, or what wallets were the inputs. All I need to know is how much did person A lose in the transaction and how much did person B gain. Thanks

{
"txid":"7afbbb1e606cc232602944b79ae90e9530b74776a923e9ec044a30738c679931",
"version":1,"locktime":0,
"vin":[{"txid":"8607869dc4f89440dee4ed5f9a32a4610cd0b6065ca66f7891ddf7d65ed09d07",
"vout":0,
"scriptSig":{"asm":"304402202882405db1bae04e1a13f1609beac47ea3afebe3668a44fe8ab393ac768e194d022015d3a915ba662097000bf90191a938949141fe9f16918e845d20fe1af2003e01[ALL] 03166a538434ad1ec63fc5265dbbcbfbd521ca513593f7edc4d5929b285f6d4422","hex":"47304402202882405db1bae04e1a13f1609beac47ea3afebe3668a44fe8ab393ac768e194d022015d3a915ba662097000bf90191a938949141fe9f16918e845d20fe1af2003e01012103166a538434ad1ec63fc5265dbbcbfbd521ca513593f7edc4d5929b285f6d4422"},
"sequence":4294967295,
"n":0,
"addr":"16jyig11zSX77NV3o4AcWiw57m1tqLogg",
"valueSat":229438,
"value":0.00229438,
"doubleSpentTxID":null}],
"vout":[
{"value":"0.00008203",
"n":0,"scriptPubKey":{"hex":"76a9140115f4b99e9c537bb584149191723841c6171a6f88ac",
"asm":"OP_DUP OP_HASH160 0115f4b99e9c537bb584149191723841c6171a6f OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
"addresses":["16jyig11zSX77NV3o4AcWiw57m1tqLogg"],
"type":"pubkeyhash"},
"spentTxId":null,
"spentIndex":null,
"spentHeight":null},
{"value":"0.00185075",
"n":1,
"scriptPubKey":{"hex":"a914b0458d1ab4d0fcffc7fd1014d6e62ad8120d294787",
"asm":"OP_HASH160 b0458d1ab4d0fcffc7fd1014d6e62ad8120d2947 OP_EQUAL","addresses":["3Hm4AomkLBGgHHMVMYqoxpTyn1tvf6u4dh"],
"type":"scripthash"},
"spentTxId":null,
"spentIndex":null,
"spentHeight":null}],
"blockheight":-1,
"confirmations":0,
"time":1515372033,
"valueOut":0.00193278,
"size":223,
"valueIn":0.00229438,
"fees":0.0003616}


texts: The length of the Bitcoin's private keys

texts:
I read here:

  In Bitcoin, a private key is usually a 256-bit number ...

Although it is a silly question, is this length safe?

Based on this site, Elliptic Curve 256 bit keys are safe until 2040. Does Bitcoin network change its key size in that far future?? If Bitcoin reaches 2040, what happens to many wallets that use 256 bit keys?


texts: If I were to generate an address and it happens to collide, legally speaking, would a transfer constitute theft?

texts:
Let's say that somehow I generate a new address which happens to already be "taken". I realize the chances of address collision are extraordinarily low as per Is it possible to brute force bitcoin address creation in order to steal money?, but let's just say that it happens.

For argument's sake, let's say I land on 1FeexV6bAHb8ybZjqQMjJrcCrHGW9sb6uF (currently carrying a balance of about 80,000 BTC).

If I were to then sign a transfer to another address, would I be doing anything wrong or illegal? I think it'd be immoral, but does it constitute any legal wrongdoing?

I don't think this is quite like finding an ATM card and guessing the PIN, but more like walking into a Swiss bank, guessing a random account number and PIN, and walking out with whatever is in the safety deposit box, right? Is that "stealing" ?


texts: Recovering Hive Wallet private key with passphrase

texts: Because Hive Wallet shut down and I didn't export the private keys, I have no way to access my Bitcoins. Is there someway, given a passphrase, to find the private key?Thanks in advance.P.S I already tried bip32.org. It gave me incorrect addresses.


texts: bitcoind sync is utilising very little CPU and bandwidth and is very slow

texts:
Is there a way to increase the sync speed. It's running in single thread on raspberrypi connected with USB HDD.

top

top - 13:58:12 up 32 min,  2 users,  load average: 2.64, 1.74, 0.80
Tasks: 138 total,   1 running, 137 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 10.1 us,  2.6 sy,  0.0 ni, 56.3 id, 30.9 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.1 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :   947732 total,   101584 free,   239716 used,   606432 buff/cache
KiB Swap:        0 total,        0 free,        0 used.   623092 avail Mem

  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND
 1594 necktwi   20   0  345160 198200   7864 S  50.8 20.9   1:33.10 bitcoind

nethogs

NetHogs version 0.8.1

    PID USER     PROGRAM                    DEV        SENT      RECEIVED
   1594 necktwi  bitcoind                   enxb82     0.234       1.388 KB/sec

actually, I have a bandwidth of 6MBps.


texts:
I read the bitcoin docs describing how btc syncs. During IBD it gets the inventories up to the tip with getblock. Why does it not skip this step and get the blocks, generating the inventories as it gets each block? Surely getting inventories is slow, unneeded and inefficient?
I believe bitcoin daemon over version 0.10.0 now sync headers rather than inventories, i am talking about pre 0.10.0.


texts: What are some paid cryptocurrency exchange software?

texts:
What are major exchanges are using ?
few of them have similar layout and trading system.

is there readymade crypto trading software available ? even paid.


texts: json-rpc api works locally but getting "Connection Refused" remotely

texts:
code:

from bitcoinrpc.authproxy import AuthServiceProxy
class ProxyService:
    def getProxy(self) -> AuthServiceProxy:
        return AuthServiceProxy("http://%s:%s@xx.xx.xx.xx:8332" % ("xx", "xxx")) # this only works locally as 127.0.0.1

bitcon.config

datadir=/xxxx/Bitcoin
dbcache=2000
txindex=1
server=1
rpcuser=xx
rpcpassword=xx
rpcport=8332
disablewallet=1

I am running this on Ubuntu droplet. connection works when i connect locally as 127.0.0.1:8332

but when i try connection to the ip of my node (locally or remotely) I get "connection refused"

also i can confirm my node is up


texts: I signed up for Bitcoin many years ago and I have no clue on how to find my account. I googled "how to find my bitcoin account" and I got this platform. Any help is appreciated.


texts:
I have a question / scenario im looking to understand regarding cryptos and wondered if anyone here wants to comment on the below and discuss...
It goes:
Given that crypto's are 100% reliant on organisations dedicating resources toward mining transactions on the blockchain for them to be viable currencies and that financial incentives for participating in the networks are based upon the amount of transactions successfully mined, then it logically follows that the more resources an organsiation can dedicate to mining transactions then the higher the profits they can earn. But whilst anyone can mine transactions, it rarely happens that individuals do, because the economies of scale have kicked in and the vast majority of mining transactions are processed thru these huge crypto data centres owned by unknown orgsanisations who can leverage large sums of $$$ to purchase rackspace, hardware, power, tech administrators and bandwidth.
[We've already seen the impact of economies of scale kicking in on the price of DRAM and 3D Video cards, which are double what they should be due to their ability to do better floating point math than CPU's.]
Without the transaction mining activity any cryptocurrency is dead. Therefore as a holder of crypto you are 100% reliant on these large crypto mining operations for the ongoing usability of the coins you hold. If they stop mining, the transactions times will take longer, utility of the currency will be affected and people will stop using the coins leading to the death of the network.
So exploring this idea that the miners are important for the success of the network and coin holders are reliant upon them, lets imagine for a moment that an organisation (or a consortium) has proprietary access to hardware  "Super X" that can perform crypto mining TEN TIMES faster & cheaper than any other organisation is currently capable of. That consortium would be at an advantage and is going to make larger profits because it's able to process more transactions than the competitors and gain a larger share of the market. The competitors to the consortium will see their profits dwindle and likely close their operations leading to the consortium having a monopoly controlling interest of transaction processing of the currency.
If you think that's crazy, just imagine a consortium made up of Google, Intel, AMD & NVIDIA — could they pull it off?
So if a consortium gained a controlling interest in mining (and I think it could) it begs the question, would such a consortium then push for a fork in the bitcoin core code fork (release) which then further favour them or some other entity they decided upon? For example maybe they could force through changes that mean you'd have to register your account with the tax office, or local bank or I dunno, publish your id with your wallet. Who knows what.
But effectively, is such a takeover feasible? Could a consortium or state backed organisation perform this kind of change?


texts: As of today (2015-Nov) how many different anonymous type altcoins are there?

texts: How many anonymous type altcoins are there out as of 2015-Nov? Also what were their release dates and community size? I'd like to get into an anonymous coin, but I'm unsure which one has the most activity and community support.


texts:
My database became corrupted and I had to reindex:

bitcoind --daemon -reindex

It takes my computer quite some time and CPU power. It's been running for an hour but it will take at least 4 more hours to finish. With this high a load, I can't do my work on it, so I'd like to interrupt this process without losing the current progress, and continue later. Is that possible?


texts: Why is HMAC-SHA512 used on root the root seed to create master private key and chain code in HD wallets?

texts: The process is depicted in this picture. Specifically, given that the root seed was derived using PBKDF2 (with 2048 rounds of hashing with HMAC-SHA256 already), why do we undergo an additional pass of HMAC-SHA512, besides for creating 512 bits of entropy? Why not just use SHA512 alone? I've asked here before and the answer I got was that the HMAC version is used to ensure unique generation of the key, but I don't know what that means. It seems for derivation of the master private key and chain node, the function is being used as a one-way hash function only, so why is a MAC being used? There is a single thing being encrypted, we are not additionally trying to guarantee authenticity on anything here, right?


texts:
I have already read the following answer which is not really meaningful:
21 Million Calculation

  Here's a mathematical explanation:
  Calculate the number of blocks per 4 year cycle:
  6 blocks per hour
  * 24 hours per day
  * 365 days per year
  * 4 years per cycle
  = 210,240
  ~= 210,000
  Sum all the block reward sizes:
  50 + 25 + 12.5 + 6.25 + 3.125 + ... = 100
  Multiply the two:
  210,000 * 100 = 21 million.

The total number is thus derived from the reward size and in either case does not provide much insight. I am a bitcoin fan but I am concerned about the deflationary risks in the distant future.

Since it is open source, if there are deflationary problems in the future can adjustments be accepted by the network to adapt? If so what might the possible solution entail?


texts: Why does Bisq claim that my earliest receive address has been used in 10 transactions?

texts:
In the "Funds" tab, in the "Receive funds" sub-tab, there's a long list of unused receive addresses (as expected). In the bottom, there's a bunch of ones saying "Used in 1 transaction(s)", again as expected...
But in the very bottom, there's one that stands out by saying "Used in 10 transaction(s)".
This makes me worried and anxious. Why was this not only reused, but reused nine times? I never did anything differently from how I trade/use Bisq today. That receive address must have been created when I created my Bisq wallet in early 2018.
Can somebody explain what the deal is with this? Has Bisq for some reason reused the same address and thus broken my blockchain privacy? Was it some kind of bug? Misunderstanding by me somehow?


texts: Why 'bitcoin-cli getreceivedbyaddress ...' always returns 0?

texts:
I've already synchronized about 400.000 blocks, but every time I'm trying to get balance for specific address, e.g. first coinbase address - link:

$ bitcoin-cli getreceivedbyaddress 12c6DSiU4Rq3P4ZxziKxzrL5LmMBrzjrJX
0.00000000

It always returns 0.00000000. What am I doing wrong?

P.S. My bitcoin-cli information:

$ bitcoin-cli getinfo
{
  "version": 140200,
  "protocolversion": 70015,
  "walletversion": 130000,
  "balance": 0.00000000,
  "blocks": 396531,
  "timeoffset": -2,
  "connections": 8,
  "proxy": "",
  "difficulty": 120033340651.237,
  "testnet": false,
  "keypoololdest": 1500906189,
  "keypoolsize": 100,
  "paytxfee": 0.00000000,
  "relayfee": 0.00001000,
  "errors": ""
}


texts:
"The Bitcoin nonce forms part of the block header, which is used by miners to provide entropy as part of the Proof of Work process, to try and find a hash meeting the difficulty requirement."

Quote taken from the following article.

https://blog.bitmex.com/the-mystery-of-the-bitcoin-nonce-pattern/


texts: Is there a way to link a bitcoin user's transaction to entering a lightning network channel?

texts: Since lightning channels are offchain. When you send bitcoins to a lightning network node or wallet. Is there a way for companies like chainalysis to see if your on the lightning network? And then from there track your coin movements there?


texts:
I've been running a full bitcoind node (Ubuntu) for a while now and would like to experiment with mining for educational purposes.
Googling anything to do with "Bitcoin mining" is fraught so I was hoping some more informed user can sanity check my plans.
I was going to buy a 20-40 G/H USB ASIC, plug that into the node and run BFGMiner on the same system, using its solo-mining configuration to communicate with my bitcoind RPC service.
Is this a good way to proceed? If not, any other recommendation would be appreciated.


texts: I want to recover my wallet since I forget my encryption password, for this I am trying to import the wallet with the 12 words and the system gives me an "error" and the message "already this wallet exists". What should I do?


texts: Does having a pruned node reduce its network score?

texts: My node's network score (revealed by getnetworkinfo) is very low (<75). Most of the time there are no peers with incoming connections connected to the node. Is this because I'm running a pruned node? Would that reduce the network score?


texts: In blockchain, if no new members join the network can we prove that there will not be anymore forks before a certain point in history?

texts:
I would like to know if we can allow new members to join with the promise that they will not attempt to create a new fork however hard it may prove to be, before a certain point in history. To this effect; if no new members join the network for let's say a month, can we prove that there will not be anymore forks before a certain point in history?
I frankly feel the two statements are paradoxical. Actually I want to know if we can add a rule to the blockchain to say if it ran for a month with at most N number of nodes and all did not fork, then the network won't allow forks before that point in time, starting from let's say 2 months later.


texts: Are there different ledgers in the bitcoin network?

texts: Is it correct to say that in the bitcoin network, there are different versions of ledgers (although the longest chain is the correct one)?


texts: How will the Ledger Half Custodian SegWit2x coin split work?

texts:
This may be jumping the gun but does anyone know how the "half custodian" approach for splitting SegWit2x coins that's mentioned in this Ledger blog post will work?

The relevant text from the blog post is:

  The “half custodian” process will involve a new Ledger application created for the Nano S and Blue (it will not be available on Ledger Nano) and will be fully automated. We’ll make available tainted inputs to our users with a contract enforced by the new application that sends back those tainted inputs to us — this is possible because our secure applications distribution architecture allows to securely share a set of keys with our users without revealing it. In other words, our splitting app will take care of everything automatically and with the highest levels of security.

What's a tainted input and a contract enforcing application?


texts: Could a mining pool attack Satoshi Dice?

texts: Is it possibile for a mining pool to attack Satoshi Dice? A strategy might be: bet on Satoshi Dice and if the bet wins, do nothing, if it looses, don't put the transaction in the block (try to double spend) and hope, that the pool find the block. If the hash rate of the pool is big enough this should beat the house edge of Satoshi? Did I miss something?


texts:
Let's assume you want to exchange traditional currency for Bitcoins and choose to do so through and exchange.

What are the most important factors/features that you should keep into consideration for choosing an exchange?


texts: An authoritative resource for the history of Bitcoin

texts: I've been developing an introductory course on Bitcoin and would like to have a lecture about its history. Other than Wikipedia, does there exist a community-accepted resource elaborating on the history of Bitcoin?


texts: What in detail makes the Coinbase in the Genesis Block unspendable?

texts:
I was aware that the Genesis block's reward was unspendable, and that there was no UTXO for it in the UTXO Set. I thought that this was due to the Genesis block being hardcoded and the actual synchronization beginning with block #1. I have heard people in the past referring to the unspendability of the reward as a quirk or bug. Midmagic mentions that it's a hardcoded exception that made the Genesis Block coinbase unspendable.

Can someone elaborate in detail what makes Genesis block coinbase unspendable?


texts: Bcoin initial blockchain sync progress isn't saved

texts:
I'm using bcoin and it's class FullNode to run a full Bitcoin Node.
Here's the configuration:

const node = new bcoin.FullNode({
        prefix: '/mnt/d/bcoin',
        network: 'testnet',
        indexTX: true,
        indexAddress: true
});

And then I start the node with this code, identical to the one they use in their official example.

(async () => {
        await node.open()
        await node.connect();

        node.on('connect', (entry, block) => {
                console.log('%s (%d) added to chain.', entry.rhash(), entry.height);
        });

        node.on('tx', (tx) => {
                 console.log('%s added to mempool.', tx.txid());
         });

        node.startSync();
})().catch((err) => {
        console.error(err.stack);
        process.exit(1);
});

It seems to be working fine, I get notifications of the blocks added in the console. the program crashes once in a while to the lack of memory, however, I found a fix to that. The progress of sync seems to never be saved, however. If I were to restart the app when it's on 1,000,000 blocks in (testnet) - the sync will start over. The files are created in the /mnt/d/bcoin folder and it's already 10 GB in size. In comparison to the official bitcoin node - it always carries on the sync that's already in progress. I have never been able to finish the inital blockchain download with bcoin because I run it in my PC and it always fails for various reasons. So is it expected behavior for bcoin to reset its IBD progress every time? Would it read the existing block files after IBD?


texts: Is an SSD required to run a bitcoin full node and a lightning node?

texts:
To run a full node and lightning node, I always read that people should use SSDs. Is that really required? And why is that? It's a slowly growing blockchain after all.
I would have everything for an umbrel node, except a big enough spare SSD.


texts: How does difficulty impact profitability? what is the formula?

texts: I have an Antminer S9 ASIC miner , and I have visited this , but I want to know how difficulty may impact my profitability in the future. I would also like to estimate break even costs.


texts:
I just recently discovered that i had a GUIminer that i installed in 2012.  I also had Bitcoin Core with several wallet.dat files.  I have been unsuccessful in running a full node as my computer and connection are slow.  Two of the wallets i cant dumpwallet because the passphrase is incorrect.   I was able to dumpwallet one of them and there are 25k+ addresses.  Most Change=1, Script=1 all with the private keys.  I uploaded the master key and have checked many addresses but the all say zero.  I have a watch only address with 18btc that i cannot unlock.

Ive tried pywallet for andriod but run into bin/sh error
In python.  Ive tried it all.   Really need some help finding these balances.


texts: What to do when you genuinely don't understand anything about taxes, yet are apparently expected to pay them for your Bitcoin?

texts:
I've just read a massive webpage from Swedish Tax Agency about Bitcoin. I'm not trying to "be cute" here, but I must say that I didn't understand a single thing of it. I understand Swedish perfectly, yet have no clue whatsoever what is being said on that page.
It's this page: https://www.skatteverket.se/privat/skatter/vardepapper/andratillgangar/kryptovalutor.4.15532c7b1442f256bae11b60.html
It doesn't seem to be available in English, so maybe it's not very useful to link to it here.
All I can interpret from the page is that the government violently hates Bitcoin and I'm supposed to hand them all my money because otherwise they (supposedly) will throw me in prison. Ever since I first got into Bitcoin, I have had zero thoughts or intentions of ever giving anyone one single satoshi besides the transaction fees. The concept never even struck me. It felt like one of the main points of Bitcoin to get rid of all that stupid BS.
The rules for when and how and how much to pay, and even in what currency, are so incredibly cryptic and complex as to make me seriously unable to comprehend them.
If I cannot understand the laws/regulations, what am I supposed to do? They talk about all kinds of forms and special cases and apparently expect me to calculate all sorts of things and hand them huge portions of my hard-earned BTC. I already have so little, and now they want to take a massive chunk of that away?
I regret trying to read up on this because now it seems like I can never buy anything (such as a place to live) or even mention that I own any BTC or they'll come with the cops and drag me away to a cell and/or seize all my electronics. Or maybe "just" punish me financially with huge fees or something. Again, they make it extremely unclear, but use a very hostile and arrogant language.
I wish I were exaggerating and that I'm just "acting dumb", but I honestly cannot comprehend the information on that page. It seems to me that it has been deliberately designed to not be understandable, as to make people who read it scared and stay away from Bitcoin entirely. How on Earth can other people comprehend any of this? I'm not legally "mentally challenged".
What should I do? Re-reading the page over and over isn't going to help, just as doing the same never helps me in other contexts. I don't want to get into any trouble, but I also cannot give them any of my Bitcoin, nor pay for any theoretical "gains" that I've supposedly made, using fiat. I have virtually no fiat money at all, and if I'm going to buy a home, I want to do it directly with Bitcoin -- not converting it to fiat. I don't know if that makes a difference.
Apparently, I have the brain capacity to deal with Bitcoin Core, and even automate it with its API, but still feel like a 5-year-old child when seeing those tax rules. Not only is it "boring"; it's utterly nonsensical to me. Again, it feels like they do it in purpose. Nothing is made clear whatsoever.
If it matters: All my Bitcoin were paid either with Localbitcoins in early 2013 (prior to KYC/AML, using local bank transfer), and later Bisq (no KYC/AML, P2P, SEPA bank transfers). I have never used any centralized exchange, but it's not like I've been fully anonymous still.
I'm obviously afraid of sending them a letter and asking about my specific situation, because then they will know that I have coins and probably start pestering me about "unpaid taxes" or something. I seriously never even thought about this until quite recently, today even. To me, Bitcoin was (and is) completely separate from the fiat money system, and thus their taxes cannot apply to this. I was prompted to look into this after seeing somebody mention taxes for Bitcoin in a USA context.


texts: How was the new target for block 32256 calculated?


texts:
In this discussion:
https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/9057/10490
One of the users mentions a wallet with 9% of all bitcoins.

My question is: Is this true? What could be the source of this information? Is the identity of users not kept secret?


texts:
Recently upgraded to the latest lnd version (following the stadicus guide) but once i restarted the client i keep getting this error when i check the logs:

[ERR] LNWL: Failed to process consensus server notification (name: blockconnected, detail: `failed to store sync information 00000000000000000024cca7ae0fea5ae75fd1405a44e7fac08a94c03b19bbe4: failed to fetch block hash for height 563348: block not found

I have all my channels inactive at the moment but the upgrade seemed to be worked as expected since

  lncli getinfo

prints the correct and latest version... Any ideas how to fix this issue?


texts: Is an unencrypted wallet secure if bitcoind is not accepting RPC calls?

texts:
I'm interested in setting up a P2Pool node (which requires running bitcoind) to run a little mining pool for myself. Before you ask, nope I'm not even trying to break even, I know I'll lose money on this. Just want to play around and get a feel for how these things work.

My question is: I hear over and over again that it's important to take security precautions with bitcoind and wallets, but I've had trouble teasing out exactly what those security precautions are. If I have bitcoind not accepting RPC calls (as is the default), is there any danger to using the out-of-the-box unencrypted wallet?

If the information helps, I'll probably run the node in EC2, and have a cron job that frequently transfers any bitcoins earned through mining into an account in an exchange so I can play around with that side of things as well (so I'm not worried about large sums of bitcoin building up in my bitcoind wallet).


texts: Why is a library's signature of a segwit tx different from Bitcoin Core signature?

texts:
I have been writing a (yet another) Bitcoin python library primarily for educational purposes; for me and my students.

Signing a non-segwit transaction results in a signed tx that is identical to what Bitcoin Core produces.

However, signing a segwit tx results in a signed tx that is valid but different to what Bitcoin Core produces. The signature created is different.

I am trying to understand why. The library uses the same signing method in both cases. The library's tx digest calculation seems to be working fine since valid transactions are generated.

I have seen another post that mentions lax and strict DER encodings. Is this relevant, and if yes, does it only applies when signing segwit inputs?

What am I missing?

EDIT: the signature from the library is:
483045022100debdd831b8f144afcaa4e9cb71713ec657292ac09d163e827dc1d458417841a70220292b6f250e4ad94ec2b3f062129b85620c22be9be97f8a42346612de8fc423200121

And from Bitcoin core:
4730440220413d31dcd84594d2bf1408d41ec6913694b7936c2cc598f436a4709cd2d70264  02201b646f18fa4108ee19d103d427c2323a0f221e33ecb65bed0690ec69c478b8800121


texts: Is Bitcoin vulnerable to a Birthday Attack against Private Keys?

texts:
This is a definition of the Birthday Attack.

Someone claims Bitcoin is vulnerable to such an attack in the bitcoin IRC chat.

Are they correct?


texts: creating address in wallet and sending how it works

texts:
I'm a bit of noob so I will apologize in advance.
I'm reading people suggesting using different address every time I send an bitcoin. If I were to say send a 1BTC to someone I'd need to create a new address underneath my wallet and need to transfer 1 BTC from my other addresses and then send it to that address right? Wouldn't that kind of defeat the purpose of securing and also costly by paying extra fees?
Thank you


texts: How do you inspect a bitcoin transaction to avoid getting scammed by a double spender?   I'm buying bitcoins in cash and the seller said I could inspect a transaction instead of waiting 6 blocks.   Is this safe?


texts: After generating my own private key, what's the proper way to add it to official wallet software?

texts:
I've got some Go code that successfully generates private keys and vanity addresses as described by the wiki.

So I have all the parameters around the private key but I'm not sure what to do with that info to make it usable by the bitcoin core application.

Should I build a wallet.dat file to point the wallet software at? What's the format for that file? Is there an alternative format so I can import my new key alongside my old keys instead of replacing the existing file so that the software has more control of what the structure of the wallet.dat is?

I could layout the key in the same format that paper wallet QR codes use but I'm not sure what I'd do with that string for a desktop computer to accept it.

What format should I put the raw private key into and where should I put it for wallet software to use it?


texts: Is anyone developing a DNS-like system for Bitcoin addresses?

texts:
It seems like mainstream access would be easier if there was a more human readable system for bitcoin addresses. No one has to remember IP addresses, we have servers with databases for that.

What type of infrastructure is there to send bitcoins to easy-to-remember addresses?
Will it ever be a permanent part of the protocol?


texts: How come the bitcoin blockchain is only 285gb only?

texts:
I found some statistics that the bitcoin blockchain is 285gb.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/647523/worldwide-bitcoin-blockchain-size/
Bitcoin has been around for how long? 10 years?
with 1mb blocks every 10 mins.
6mb an hour * 24 = 144mb a day * 365 = 52,5 gb a year * 10 = 520gb
How come it's significantly smaller?
Are my calculations wrong?


texts: Does it take longer to generate an address when I stop and restart vanitygen?

texts:
I want to generate a bitcoin address.
 I start vanitygen, but a power loss occurs.
 Now I restart vanitygen.
How does this affect the time to generate the address?


texts: Automatic transfer of funds between exchanges

texts:
I need to circulate money between exchanges automatically. I want to transfer cryptocurrency (BTC, LTC) between exchanges. I find that these exchanges have API calls for withdrawal options: Cryptsy, Poloniex, Bitstamp, Bittrex and Bleutrade.

Is there any other way to implement this for the exchanges which does not provide withdrawal options via API? I also want to transfer USD between exchanges. Can I implement it programmatically i.e via API?


texts: What's the easiest way for a third party to malleate a transaction?

texts:
Let's say I am a node. A transaction has been relayed to me, and one of the scriptSig fields is:

<sig> <pubKey>

What is the easiest way for me to malleate this transaction?

For example, could I just add a "dummy" opcode to it, like this: OP_NOP <sig> <pubKey>?

Also, are certain types of scriptSig easier to malleate than others?

Basically, I'm interested in the most practical way a third party might go about malleating a transaction.


texts: Create a transaction which sends bitcoin to the address it's being sent from?

texts: Let's say address X has 1 btc. Can you create a transaction which would send the 1 btc from X back to X and broadcast it without having to sign it, since the 1 btc is going back into the address it is being sent from?


texts: I plan to eventually add litecoin, Dogecoin, and possibly some other scrypt merged-minable coins to my pool. Are there any tutorials or other information available that would show me how to set my pool up for merged mining?


texts:
I would like to know if timelock transactions are considered standard with the current bitcoin client. If the answer is no, this means that you should use a different client or is it up to user choice?
Furthermore, if someone wants to construct such a transaction which is the structure it should have?


texts:
I have been looking at Coinapult's API documentation which details the use of PEM format in python-ecdsa. Specifically, private keys and public keys need to be formatted using PEM.

Let's take Coinapult's specified public key:

-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MFYwEAYHKoZIzj0CAQYFK4EEAAoDQgAEWp9wd4EuLhIZNaoUgZxQztSjrbqgTT0w
LBq8RwigNE6nOOXFEoGCjGfekugjrHWHUi8ms7bcfrowpaJKqMfZXg==
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

Using python-ecdsa:

vk = ecdsa.VerifyingKey.from_pem(ECC_COINAPULT_PUB)
s = vk.to_string()
s.encode('hex')
>>> "5a9f7077812e2e121935aa14819c50ced4a3adbaa04d3d302c1abc4708a0344ea738e5c51281828c67de92e823ac7587522f26b3b6dc7eba30a5a24aa8c7d95e"

Or if it were a Bitcoin public key, that'd be 045a9f7077812e2e121935aa14819c50ced4a3adbaa04d3d302c1abc4708a0344ea738e5c51281828c67de92e823ac7587522f26b3b6dc7eba30a5a24aa8c7d95e

OK, that makes sense, but when we take the base64 encoded data between the leading and trailing -----BEGIN-----:

base64_data = "".join(ECC_COINAPULT_PUB[27:-26 ].split('\n'))
s = base64.b64decode(base64_data)
result = s.encode("hex")
>>> "3056301006072a8648ce3d020106052b8104000a034200045a9f7077812e2e121935aa14819c50ced4a3adbaa04d3d302c1abc4708a0344ea738e5c51281828c67de92e823ac7587522f26b3b6dc7eba30a5a24aa8c7d95e"  # WTF is this??

Note that the PEM format decodes to some sort of DER string, 3056301006072a8648ce3d020106052b8104000a034200045a9f7077812e2e121935aa14819c50ced4a3adbaa04d3d302c1abc4708a0344ea738e5c51281828c67de92e823ac7587522f26b3b6dc7eba30a5a24aa8c7d95e, but what on earth is this DER string? I see 5a9f7077....a8c7d95e is in that string, so what are the leading bytes meaning?

Questions:
 1. How do I encode a pubkey to PEM format without using python-ecdsa?
 2. Is it the same procedure in #1 for private keys as it is public keys?


texts: When you make a Bitcoin transaction, can the receiving person (and the world?) really see how much coins you have in the entire wallet?

texts:
I really hope that I've got this horribly wrong, but I have to ask...
I have this idea, which I base on comments and explanations I've heard over the years, that when you make a Bitcoin transaction, for example 0.001 BTC, your wallet (let's assume Bitcoin Core) actually sends your entire funds of your wallet, let's say 1.5 BTC, but also includes a "gimme back" signal for 1.5 minus 0.001 BTC, ie 1,499 BTC, in the same "atomic action", meaning you never actually risk losing all that money, but it is advertised to the person receiving it, and maybe the entire world.
I don't understand why it would do this, and it seems extremely bad for privacy, and I'm not at all sure that it's done. Maybe it only happens sometimes? If so, when? Or maybe it doesn't mean "the full funds of the wallet", but something else?
I hope that somebody can clear this up once and for all. It's pretty telling that somebody who knew about Bitcoin in 2009 is actually asking this question in 2021, after using it for highly sensitive tasks for over a decade... I'm not wild about random people knowing how many Bitcoins I have simply by sending them money, and hope that this is not how it works.


texts:
Create a raw transaction createrawtransaction (transactions, vouts, amount and where to send)
then specify the commission for the miners fundrawtransaction feeRate But when I start checking or signing and sending, the commission becomes bigger .... What is it connected with?
p.s sorry for my english :)


texts: How can I make GUIMiner use the CPU for mining?

texts:
I am trying to setup GUIMiner together with mining.bitcoin.cz. As I am working on a laptop with an Intel graphic card I am (probably?) unable to use GPU mining. So, just for a test, I tried to run GUIMiner without GPU support, that is as a CPU miner (if this is the correct word).

Clicking the start mining button doesn't seem to make anything run. I might be mistaken, but the lower right corner of the application keeps saying stopped.

The console tab says:

  2013-04-03 17:51:51: Running command: poclbm.exe :@api2.bitcoin.cz:8332 --device=0 --platform=0 --verbose -r1`

But no error message, either.

So, I go to cmd.exe and copy poclbm.exe ***:***@api2.bitcoin.cz:8332 --device=0 --platform=0 --verbose -r1. This results in

No PyOpenCL
Not using OpenCL
Nothing to mine on, exiting

which can be taken as an error message. I believe that "OpenCL" indicates that the program wants to use a GPU (although) I am not sure. I just want to test the mining functionality and see if I can particiapte in the mining pool, at the moment without graphic card, only the CPU. Is this somehow possible?


texts: How many consumer computers would it take to launch a 51% attack

texts: What is the hash rate of a standard laptop using the default client and what is it for the whole of Bitcoin? I am interested in this, because I want to understand what it would take to get to 51% of hashing power (is this what it is called?)


texts: I have read about the ATOMIC SWAP, I could find only the concept level and could not find technically.  Is there any doc about atomic swap to achieve that technically and code sources to achieve this.


texts: Do I need to run a full node before the 2X fork?

texts:
There is a meme out there that goes like this:

"Bitcoin Cash taught people they need to own their own private keys, segwit 2X will teach people they need to run full nodes"

Do I need to run a full node before 2X, or are my coins safe on Trezor?


texts: Can hackers behind the ransomware WannaCry be traced through bitcoin transactions? Is there is central server of Bitcoin where all transactions can be looked up from? And is it possible to identify hackers from IP address used to access their Bitcoin accounts?


texts:
I am currently trying to validate a blocks hash against its target in python3:

This is a block in the Blockcypher testnet, and I am using this formula from the Bitcoin Wiki.

block_hash = '000055f67563d1c2cb141d06d52d2fca63ef457c553519aeb635a2643a9af0b1'
bits = '520159231'

target = hex(int(bits) * (2**(8 * (0x1b - 3))))
hash_ = hex(int(block_hash, 16))
print(target, hash_)
>>> 0x1f00ffff000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0x55f67563d1c2cb141d06d52d2fca63ef457c553519aeb635a2643a9af0b1

if not target >= hash_:
    print('False)
else:
    print('True')
>>> False

Point is, that target is less than blockhash. But this should not be the case.
Can anyone help me?

Thank You for Your time.


texts: What is the block in the blockchain with the most Bitcoins transacted?


texts: I have set blockgeneration time to 15 second but blocks are generated with the speed of 1 block per min(avg)

texts:
I have forked Litcoin 0.8v to make my own costomized coin(learning purpose), with some changes in parameters:

1. Total no of coins to be mined = 270,000,000.
2. Block formation time = 15sec.
3. Time for halving = 2 years.
4. Life span for mining = 20 years.
5. Mining reward coins per block for first 2 years = 32.16899445.
6. Total no of coins to be mined in first 2 years = 135264187.8669276

Every thing is working ok but blockgeneration time seems to be too slow. Though conformation time of 15 sec is just an avg value but in my case i am getting conformation in every 2 to 3 min which is far beyond expected

Edit:I have set my difficulty to be as low as possible which is around 0.002 and retargeting time is set to  10 min, but even after of 3 days of minning i got somewhere around 3400 blocks,and also its difficulty is same in every block though i am doing number of transaction within nodes.

{
    "version" : 80705,
    "protocolversion" : 70002,
    "walletversion" : 60000,
    "balance" : 17474.98800000,
    "blocks" : 3407,
    "timeoffset" : 0,
    "connections" : 2,
    "proxy" : "",
    "difficulty" : 0.00024414,
    "testnet" : false,
    "keypoololdest" : 1516853983,
    "keypoolsize" : 102,
    "paytxfee" : 0.00000000,
    "mininput" : 0.00001000,
    "errors" : ""
}


texts: Where's the code related to block 494784 for segwit2x?

texts:
I read everywhere that segwit2x activates at blocks 494784, around 15 or 16 of November.

I did just checkout the segwit2x codebase doing:

git clone https://github.com/btc1/bitcoin

And I can see that I'm on a branch called "segwit2x".

I tried to search every single file for any hint of block 494784, 494783 or 494785 but couldn't find anything.

I've got many technical questions regarding segwit2x and I wanted to dig into the source code to find answers.

Seen that I couldn't find anything, my first technical question is this one: where's the code related to block 494784 at which segwit2x is supposed to happen?


texts: Why does the initial blockchain download get stuck part way through?

texts: I am trying to get Bitcoin up and running on a fairly underpowered laptop and Windows Vista using Bitcoin-Qt 0.5.0.1. After installing and starting the program, I am stuck at at the syncing stage at 92150 blocks and 0%, and have been for several hours. What could I try to get the program working?


texts: Why is the 'Estimated BTC Transacted' referring to just one of the multiple outputs?

texts: I recently started learning about bitcoins and came by this transaction. Here there are multiple outputs so if we consider one of them to be the change received by the sender then why is the 'Estimated BTC Transacted' only summing up to one of the output values? What happens to the rest of the outputs?


texts: Trezor Simple recovery vs advanced recovery

texts: Are there any security risks or advantages/disadvantages to using the simple recovery process vs the advanced on a trezor? Is one better than the other?


texts:
Is there any way to get all full nodes by RPC call?

Afaik full node contains information of other full nodes in the network and was wondering how to request that.

I red the documentation on Bitcoin Core Apis and all I found is getpeerinfo which returns a list of connected nodes but the JSON it gave me seem to not contain that information.

Does anyone know if this data is accessable and how to get it?


texts: I got an error that says curl: (7) Failed to connect to localhost port 18332: Connection refused

texts: I could succeed to work the testnet at once.However after I restarted my Mac,bitcoind came not to work.


texts: Do I need a full node to perform OP_RETURN transactions?

texts:
I want to build a services that allows people to perform OP_RETURN for proof of existence. Do I need to run a full node to do this (then e.g. using the OP_RETURN PHP scripts from https://github.com/coinspark/php-OP_RETURN)? I have found no API that allows to do this.

Thanks
Chris


texts: How do I calculate the value of some amount of bitcoins in my native currency?

texts: If I know the exchange rate, how can I calculate the value of some amount bitcoins in my native currency?


texts: What was the market cap of Bitcoin before and after the Bitcoin Cash fork?

texts:
I'm trying to understand the mechanics of the hard fork that created the Bitcoin Cash blockchain on August 1, 2017. After the fork, each holder of BTC got the same amount of BCH as they had BTC.

My question is around what happened to the market cap of BTC as BCH emerged. Specifically, what was the aggregate market value of all BTC immediately prior to the fork and then immediately after.

I've tried looking for this in different forums, but can't find a reliable source.


texts:
I setup my unomp server and connect a cpuminer/minerd to it to mine bitcoin. Everything works like a charm. Then I connect my INNOSILICON T2 to it to mine bitcoin, it gives the following error:

[2018-12-24 20:00:33.857] [DEBUG] [default] - Pool bitcoin Thread 3 Unknown stratum method from (unauthorized) [ip]: mining.configure.

Does anyone know why? Maybe unomp does not support new "mining.configure" extension introduced in stratum protocol to enable asic boost? If so, what are unomp alternatives that support asic boost?


texts: How to connect bitcoind mainnet node on AWS EC2 by using rpcjson?

texts:
I'd like to access bitocind mainnet node on AWS EC2 from ruby. I've written as follows using rpcjson, however it cannot connect, then returned the error

client = RPC::JSON::Client.new 'http://rpcuser:rpcpassword@publicIP:8332', 1.1

Operation timed out - connect(2) for publicIP port 8332

publicIP is the Public IP shown on EC2 instance page.

On the other hand, when I wrote as follows in order to connect localhost testnet node, it has no problem.

client = RPC::JSON::Client.new 'http://rpcuser:rpcpassword@127.0.0.1:8332', 1.1

Could you tell me what is the problem?


texts: Generating Lightning invoice with an optional parameter

texts:
I have a question on the command invoice with the optional parameter.

I don't understand how to create the invoice with the optional parameter. The  c-lighitning documentations do not have an example but it says:

  The fallbacks array is one or more fallback addresses to include in the invoice (in order from most-preferred to least): note that these arrays are not currently tracked to fulfill the invoice.

My question is How do I separate the address in the command invoice? As an example:

invoice msatoshi=100 label="I want to understand the invoice command" description="I am vincent" fallbacks=[2NDVm22NNuosAXFbC27Scsn1smMh1QEFZUk,2MymqReM8EaYCQKzv4rhcvafGGcddZacUtV]

The command runs good, but I want to understand if this command is correct.

Below is the command result:

{
   "payment_hash": "9610412eb4f1fa521c76d4194e93f63caae059481cdce6a11dcf369cf94a8aab",
   "expires_at": 1568312884,
   "bolt11": "lntb1n1pwhz5a5pp5jcgyzt4578a9y8rk6sv5aylk8j4wqk2grnwwdggaeumfe722324sdq5fysxzmfqwe5kucm9de6qxqyjw5qcqp2fppjmc3rmhe0wngplqnl3002udz6vj3kzwqsfppjg7ddp2vfds5hgdvsvknhdut0fxpe4z6ndth02e8reukhg4lu39xefwevkknh5r7l2ljugknfutfhhumsfprpxefpqwmjq66nkh5kfsu0esx5a0lnwk7lhhvp8tgvexl9cg8meusqty4ls3",
   "warning_capacity": "No channel with a peer that is not a dead end, has sufficient incoming capacity"
}


texts: How do I restore a Multibit HD wallet from a backup using only a password?

texts:
I could not find an answer to this: https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/search?q=multibit+hd+restore+wallet+password

I asked about restoring a wallet from mbhd-*.zip.aes files, and someone said that there are two different types of files, one of using wallet words, and one of them using only the password. https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/38966/3267

So how do you restore a MultiBit HD wallet from a *.wallet.aes file using only a password? There isn't an option in MultiBit for selecting a file during restore.

Still no answer to this specific question, only avoidance. Why can't someone just copy the .wallet.aes file into the location MultiBit HD looks for it?


texts: nLockTime transactions, how do they persist? Are they broadcast before they are valid?

texts:
If nLockTime transactions aren't added to the blockchain until the nLockTime is met, then aren't they just being stored in memory of the miners and is there a risk they could get "lost"?

I guess I'm just wondering how a long term nLockTime transaction can really persist. If I set it for 1 year in the future, and everyone restarts their node at some point during that time, isn't there a chance the transaction get's lost? Or would this require all nodes restarting simultaneously?

EDIT: Or are nLockTime transactions just held off network by the interested parties and then broadcast once nLockTime is reached? I read some things about DOS attacks with nLockTime transactions leading me to think that miners would not bother storing these at all in memory.


texts: Is there a way to craft a transaction with bitcoin explorer (bx) on the Bitcoin Cash blockchain ?


texts:
I've seen references to a Testnet 5 or Testnet5. The last Testnet version I know about was Testnet 3, started in late 2012 by Bitcoin Core 0.7.0.

This raises two questions:

Where is the documentation for Testnet 5? In particular I'm wondering about chain parameters. I'd also like to know when it started and what its purpose is.
What happened to Testnet 4?


texts: What am I missing about this "guaranteed" money-making scheme that I didn't hear from anyone but just popped up in my head?

texts:
Let's suppose that I have already set up an account at Exchange A and Exchange B, loaded each up with a small buffer of BTC (much less than 1 BTC), and am able to make API requests to buy/sell from these.
Now, I start pulling down sell/buy offers from both exchanges, automatically, every minute, all the time.
My script then picks the most affordable (for me) "sell" offer, regardless of the amount, and takes the offer (buys the coins).
Instantly afterwards, it takes the most profitable (for me) "buy" offer on the other change (sells the coins).
It doesn't do these actions unless it calculates that the "rest sum" is over zero.
Is this not guaranteed to make me money each time this is done? And since it's automated, I only need to set it up once and then lean back and watch guaranteed money stream into my accounts, taking some of them out every now and then?
It sounds way too good to be true, so I must be missing something. Otherwise, I'm sure that this would be done by millions of people, around the clock, and it would quickly stop working. I feel as if this is probably very well known and long since "patched".
But in terms of my understanding of how marketplaces/exchanges work, this seems like it would work. Unless there is some kind of random delay or other uncertainty which makes it impossible?
Of course, those exchanges/marketplaces all require photo id to be scanned and sent to them, so I'm unable to try this out "live", but I still want to know why this wouldn't work.


texts: how to solve this error ? and use detachdb?

texts:
I got the following error

Error initializing database environment /home/rune/.bitcoin!
To recover, BACKUP THAT DIRECTORY, then remove everything from it except for wallet.dat.

when I run bitcoin-qt..
I am using Ubuntu.


texts: Why are there two transaction outputs when sending to one address?

texts:
I did a small transaction some days ago:

https://www.blockchain.com/btc/tx/4c07a07dfd9d5b79d168ec6835df876c64e82350a8f9211bf586d858a5aeb9ba

Some info:

1JFWE8THcAQQRYx99c43DXSGyoPL9Zs62D is my wallet
1PCGNxgheKTaeT6xvTabcY8ZbS3gDpFtb is the wallet I sent 0.22 BTC

Questions:

Who is 147krm8yWUcVq9Ta25h679TCpsEznzgvRz?
Why there is more than one output?


texts: How to recover bitcoins from personal wallet app in android which is uninstalled?

texts:
I am using a bitcoin Non-deterministic wallet created by a private firm.

In which there are few bitcoins worth 100$

Somehow I clear data of the android App, and Now all the memories related to my wallet is removed from android device.

How can I recover my bitcoins from android wallet app ?

UPDATE

I am not sure but If I have backup the wallet file in either form wallet.dat or wallet.bin

Even then my internal memory data would have get removed as well by Clear app data.

Isn't it?


texts: Why did the lightning network implement a gossip protocol?

texts:
As pointed out by many lightning developers in the past (e.g. Rusty's 1 million channel challenge) the gossip protocol is quite noisy and a part of the BOLTs causing many engineering challenges.

Today, I learned that Ethereum's Raiden network does not have a gossip protocol. Since all channels in Raiden are smart contracts that live in the Ethereum blockchain, Raiden nodes are supposed to learn about the network topology by looking at the Ethereum blockchain.

I believe funding transactions could have been designed to store information about Lightning nodes. Why was that not done?

Reasons I see:

With our design we can have private channels
blockspace is valuable, so we did not want to store more info on chain than necessary
we needed a transport and communication protocol between nodes anyway, so why not add the Gossip protocol?

My feeling is that there must have been other reasons for that design decision. So what am I missing?


texts: Can I find a list of possible error codes and their meanings for bitcoin-cli?

texts: Can I find a list of all of the error codes and their meanings which a bitcoin node can return when using the RPC commands?


texts: Bitcoin with transaction fee exceeds balance

texts: I have used Coinbase to send bitcoins to an address. Sadly though, I have sent ALL my bitcoins, which left me with the balance of zero. When I checked on the transaction (which is pending at the moment) I saw it added a fee TO THE TRANSACTION which essentially exceeds my wallet balance. Since I sent ALL my bitcoins, let's assume I sent 1btc (just an example) then when I check on block reader it seems the transaction is higher with the fee, i.e. 1.01 btc. Which essentially means I don't have enough funds. What should I do?


texts: Neither cgminer nor BFGminer detect my Zeusminer Blizzard. (Ubuntu/Linux/Mint)

texts:
I'm having trouble getting my Zeusminer Blizzard running; neither cgminer nor BFGminer detect it. Here are the results of lsusb:
Bus 001 Device 025: ID 10c4:ea60 Cygnal Integrated Products, Inc. CP210x UART Bridge / myAVR mySmartUSB light
[...]

bfgminer -d? -D says this. The relevant line, I think, is
 [2014-07-15 09:33:03] lowlevel_scan: Found usb device at usb:001:025 (path=(null), vid=10c4, pid=ea60, manuf=Silicon Labs, prod=CP2102 USB to UART Bridge Controller, serial=0001)

And here is how I start up BFG: /home/me/crypto/bfgminer/bfgminer -S zeus:/dev/ttyUSB25 --set zeus:clock=340 --o stratum+tcp://mypool.com:6030 -u myuser -p mypass
I've also tried -S zeus:auto, /dev/tty25 and /dev/ttyS25 (because both of those files exist in my /dev directory, so I gave them a try), and detecting devices from the menu in BFG (which has actually worked for me in the past, but alas not this time). I made sure to compile it with the --enable-scrypt option.
I've determined that it's Device 025 by unplugging it and plugging it back in.
Any help or hints, anything to try, would be greatly appreciated; I'm eager to get my Zeusminer working and have been banging my head against a wall for a day trying. I also tried the version of cgminer that comes with it, with the same results.
Update: I'm using Bfgminer 4.4.0, which is the most recent, compiled from github yesterday. I compiled with --enable-script.
Update2: Using the new command line arguments from Mathias711 below, the Zeusminer is finally detected, but throws errors and does not hash. The errors are:
ZUS 0aa: Comms error (werr=1)
 [2014-07-15 22:52:40] ZUS 0aa: Failed to reopen on /dev/ttyUSB0
 [2014-07-15 22:52:40] ZUS 0aa failure, attempting to reinitialize
 [2014-07-15 22:52:40] ZUS 0aa: Failed to reopen on /dev/ttyUSB0
 [2014-07-15 22:52:40] ZUS 0aa failure, disabling!
 [2014-07-15 22:52:40] ZUS 0aa being disabled

Those are using /home/me/crypto/bfgminer/bfgminer --scrypt -S zeusminer:all --set zeusminer:clock=340 -o stratum+tcp://myreu.nut2pools.com:6030 -u me -p pass It actually does hash a tiny bit, but I can't tell if that's a display error or what.
Update 3: Solved!

The first problem was the command I was starting it with. "zeus" is no longer a valid option; in newer versions of BFG, it's "zeusminer". The final, working command in BFGminer 4.4.1 is /home/me/crypto/bfgminer/bfgminer --scrypt -S zeusminer:all --set zeusminer:clock=340 -o stratum+tcp://myreu.nut2pools.com:6030 -u me -p pass.

The second issue, the one that caused the list of errors above, was a bad power supply. I decided to try it with a power supply that I knew was good, and as soon as I plugged it in the errors stopped and it began to hash. It's pretty scary that it was running for hours with a bad power supply; I've had that ruin entire computers.

I've read reports of other people getting bad power supplies with their Blizzards, too. Combined with my own experiences on this one, if I ever buy another, the power supply is going right in the trash.


texts: How does the signature verification feature in bitcoin-qt work without a public key?

texts: bitcoin-qt has a "signature verification" feature where you can verify a signed message.  All it needs is the bitcoin address of the signer, the message and a short signature.  From what I understand about digital signatures, you would need the public key in order to verify a signature.  A bitcoin address is just a hash of the public key.  The public key may be in the blockchain but that would only be the case if the address had already claimed at least one output.  If they haven't claimed any outputs, how can the signature be verified?


texts: Would a transition to a different signature scheme be feasible?

texts:
The recent problem with Android's SecureRandom PRNG once again shows that using (EC)DSA can go horribly wrong if the signature nonce is ever reused.

There is an elliptic curve signature scheme that doesn't share this property: Ed25519.

Is there a mechanism in the Bitcoin protocol to allow transition to a new address/signature format? Would there have to be a new opcode, or does OP_CHECKSIG already support different key types?

What would happen to clients that don't support a new key format, but receive transactions from such a new address/key? Would SPV clients trust a transaction that they can't verify themselves, or reject the block containing it as invalid?

In any case, the new format can only be used once (nearly) all clients support it, but could this be implemented at some point, and enabled some time later?


texts: What is the default relaying policy for RBF double spend transactions?

texts:
Let's say I broadcast a transation tx0 signaling RBF replaceability. Later on, I realize it has a small amount of fees, so I send another transaction tx1 that spends the same inputs than tx0, but this time with higher fees.

Which is the default bitcoind/bitcoin-qt behaviour regarding the relaying of tx1? Would all nodes broadcast the new version of the transaction or does the relay policy depend on the mempoolreplacement parameter? Do any special rules apply to the relaying of the replacement transaction?

I have seen that Peter Todd's RBF proposal included a NODE_REPLACE_BY_FEE service bit. Is anything like this included in the current version?


texts: Why is my pruned node downloading old blocks?

texts:
I set up my first bitcoin node and I'm a little confused with it.

So, I am trying to setup a pruned node - which from my understanding is very useful if you just need your application to verify transaction/read blocks/lookup TXIDs.

I added:

prune=550

to my bitcoin.conf, and started up daemon again.

However, I am now confused. I ran bitcoin-cli getinfo and got this:

It seems like it is still downloading the entire blockchain, and its downloading oldest blocks to newest.

Did I do something wrong? Isn't the point of pruning just to download recent blocks to verify transactions? Please someone fill me in...


texts:
The FinCen, dependent of the Deparment of Treasury shut down the BTC-e exchange and prosecuted for:

Violation of anti-money laundering (AML) laws;
Acts of money laundering such as the MtGox scandal related with BTC-e
Requirements to register the exchange with the FinCen

As we know, BTC-e is based in Russia and has no legal obligation with the United States, as far I know and researched about the topic. In the statement previously cited, said:

  Regardless of its ownership or location, the company was required to comply with U.S. AML laws and regulations as a foreign-located MSB including AML program, MSB registration, suspicious activity reporting, and recordkeeping requirements.

So, in short: Is it legal that the US law enforcement close a Russian exchange?


texts: How can I avoid paying transaction fees?

texts:
A bitcoin transaction requires paying a fee to the network, and that fee changes depending on network congestion. During busy times the fee rate may increase substantially, so how can a user avoid paying these fees in the first place?

Is there a way to transfer/import bitcoin from one address to another in order to avoid transaction fees?

(I'm posting this question because I was writing a reply to a similar question, and halfway through writing that reply, the question was voted closed)


texts: Who decides the block reward in Bitcoin?

texts: I know that when a miner mines a block, he will be rewarded with some bitcoins. But who decides how much bitcoin he will get? If it is decided by all the miners (as they are the ones verifying transactions) then why don't all the miners decide to increase the reward?


texts: What kind of fee doesn't change the amount?

texts:
I sent myself 33 millibits from one wallet to another.  At the destination, I am told that it took three minutes to get 172 confirmations, and there is a fee of 0.2 millibits.  But the balance increased by the full 33 millibits.

Then in another view, it shows two outputs.  One is the 0.033 and the other is a very tiny amount—a few microbits, much less than 0.0002.


texts:
I searched the site to see if this had been asked and don't see it.  A friend of mine told me yesterday that I could have a portion of my direct deposit directed to a BitPay account that could auto-buy a portion of a bitcoin (like $20 each check).  I searched their site and I couldn't find the routing/account number combination that would be required.

Is this correct and (or) how would someone who's looking to put a small amount of money toward bitcoin each check do this?

Thanks.


texts: Verifying mrkl_root from two children nodes in JAVA

texts:
Let's use the following block for a reference:
http://blockexplorer.com/rawblock/00000000000000001e8d6829a8a21adc5d38d0a473b144b6765798e61f98bd1d

According to my understanding (correct if wrong), I need to perform a byteSwap on each child, perform a hexToAscii, concatenate, then perform a double sha256.  I am doing this in JAVA, an suspect that my hexToAscii method is off. I was hoping I could give some results to see if someone can verify where the problem is.

String childNode = "0d0eb1b4c4b49fd27d100e9cce555d4110594661b1b8ac05a4b8879c84959bd4";
byteSwap(childNode); //d49b95849c87b8a405acb8b161465910415d55ce9c0e107dd29fb4c4b4b10e0d
hexToAscii(byteSwap(childNode)); //Ô¸¤¬¸±aFYA]UÎ}Ò´Ä´±

And just to verify that my hexToAscii result is correct, can someone check the sha256 hash of the result? I feel that there are encoding issues with my implementation

sha256(hexToAscii(byteSwap(childNode)));
//e799dc13aaeaa1c2797596f5d4bf6c408b97a8595bf32c27c9186125454560d9

Would appreciate any advice if something seems off! Thanks!


texts:
How does OP_ELSE work exactly? Is there an else if in Script?

According to https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Script#Flow_control, the statements after an OP_ELSE are executed in three cases. It says:

If the preceding OP_IF or OP_NOTIF or OP_ELSE was not executed then these statements are.

I'd like to understand how the 3rd case works, i.e. when there's a preceding OP_ELSE that is not followed. Consider this script and a True at the top of the stack:
OP_IF
    <foo>
OP_ELSE
    <bar>
OP_ELSE
    <baz>
OP_ENDIF

If we follow the explanation of the quote to the letter, then that means that <foo> and <baz> are executed. This however is quite counter-intuitive. If this is the case, then the second OP_ELSE is redundant, as <baz> can simply go after <foo> to the same effect and with less opcodes.
Is there some other interpretation I'm missing?
I stumbled upon this detail while trying to write a script with 3 different branches, something like
OP_IF top stack item is 0
    <foo>
OP_ELSEIF top stack item is 1
   <bar>
OP_ELSE
   <baz>
OP_ENDIF

I know the above isn't valid Script, but can something to this effect be achieved without resorting to the following?
OP_IF
    <foo>
OP_ELSE
    OP_IF
        <bar>
    OP_ELSE
        <baz>
    OP_ENDIF
OP_ENDIF

Note that this is more expensive not only because it has more opcodes, but because two stack items are needed in the witness in order to execute <bar> or <baz>.


texts:
I was hoping someone could help me please?

I used to have a desktop wallet for XRP which I just found out had been deleted and that’s where my coins were.

Is there anyway to access those coins again?- I am unable to download that desktop wallet since I cannot find it- id really appreciate any help.


texts: Are there mixing services or online wallets that are explicitly compliant with anti-laundering laws?

texts:
I'm interested in mixing services (0% taint) that are compliant with the most conservative anti-money laundering laws.

My goal is to have anonymity between peers in a transaction, but to remain accountable to government oversight.


texts: Where can I get historic data series of Bitcoin prices?

texts: Where can I get a time series of (date, bitcoin price in USD)? BitcoinCharts no longer provide historic data, only the last 20,000 samples.


texts: Bitcoin in wallet transactions but not on the blockchain (old wallet)

texts:
I've been checking old wallets and found an unconfirmed transaction that's on the wallet but not on the blockchain
transaction id (missing from blockchain)
ab5eb776a36b5552570088ba7bf3563780c91f0044c2a170481f75a5004dfe2a

receive address (showing 0 BTC)
1LwBvLheVfjP3RUTipZtPRRPa13GSH2sAY

My wallet showing a transaction

How do I access these BTC and get them onto the blockchain? I could be wrong but I believe that it's such an old unconfirmed transaction that it doesn't even show on the blockchain.
So far I have tried forcing the transaction to go through again with a hex code of the transaction on https://blockchain.info/pushtx, but it didn't work
Please help! It's a long shot but the amount of BTC is huge, so I want to try every approach at accessing the BTC before giving up.


texts: Why blockcypher send transaction is throwing fatal error?

texts:
I am trying to send bitcoin implementing blockcypher API, but having difficulty in using the following code snippet...

i. http://blockcypher.github.io/php-client/sample/doc/transaction-api/CreateTransaction.html

ii. http://blockcypher.github.io/php-client/sample/doc/transaction-api/CreateAndSignAndSendTransaction.html

The transaction is being created perfectly, but following error is being thrown while trying to send it...

Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'BlockCypher\Exception\BlockCypherSignatureException' with message '1 private keys do not correspond to any input. Please check private keys provided.' in /www/myserver.com/blockcypher1/php-client/blockcypher/php-client/lib/BlockCypher/Api/TXSkeleton.php:148 Stack trace: #0 /www/myserver.com/blockcypher1/php-client/blockcypher/php-client/lib/BlockCypher/Api/TXSkeleton.php(96): BlockCypher\Api\TXSkeleton->generateSignatures(Object(BlockCypher\Crypto\PrivateKeyList), 'btc') #1 /www/myserver.com/blockcypher1/php-client/blockcypher/php-client/lib/BlockCypher/Client/TXClient.php(35): BlockCypher\Api\TXSkeleton->sign(Array, 'btc') #2 /www/myserver.com/blockcypher1/send.php(19): BlockCypher\Client\TXClient->sign(Object(BlockCypher\Api\TXSkeleton), Array) #3 {main} thrown in /www/myserver.com/blockcypher1/php-client/blockcypher/php-client/lib/BlockCypher/Api/TXSkeleton.php on line 148

But, I have provided unencrypted Hex private key of my input address. Also tried with WIF. None is working! How do I solve this ?


texts: How do the miners check that I have enough Bitcoins. I cannot believe that they will walk through the huge and always growing blockchain established from 2009 to check each Transaction I made to calculate my balance ?


texts:
So ive forked the code but seems to be connected to the old coin stuff.

What I am looking to do is fork their code and create my own coin! I know that I need to make a node but I can't find any process that shows me how to create my own coin.

Please help


texts:
I started bitcoin-qt with --reindex and pruning on.
Can I safely shutdown and restart?
If yes how? Do I have to pass --reindex again or will bitcoin-qt remember and continue from where it stopped?


texts: Any way to delete unconfirmed transaction?

texts:
Recently I sent some bitcoins without adding a fee and now, it's been taking too long. Is there any way I can recover my bitcoins? I want to delete my unconfirmed transactions from Blockchain.info?

I am using Blockchain's Wallet.


texts:
I'm soo deep inside the consensus protocols like PoW, PoS, PoA or other variants used on permissioned/private blockchains such as JPMorgan's Quorum (Based on Raft), Istambul etc..

But I've not entered yet on the Hyperledger consensus protocols and it's implementations specifications and differences.

So my questions are:

What is the consensus protocol used on Hyperledger? It's inherited from any of the mentioned above? Which are it's main properties that make the difference from another consensus protocols?
Which are the main differences between it's variants (Fabric, Iroha, Sawtooth, and Indy)?

Please, it'll be fantastic if useful documentation links/articles/lectures were added with the answers.

Thanks.


texts: Does createrawtransction accept scriptPubKey and redeemScript as inputs?

texts:
According to the built-in RPC documentation the signature for createrawtransaction is:
createrawtransaction [{"txid":"id","vout":n},...] {"address":amount,...}.

Gavin in his example on 2-of-3 multisigs is also passing scriptPubKey and redeemScript as input for createrawtransaction.

The code of createrawtransaction in bitcoin core for parsing inputs is:

 BOOST_FOREACH(const Value& input, inputs) {
   const Object& o = input.get_obj();
   uint256 txid = ParseHashO(o, "txid");
   const Value& vout_v = find_value(o, "vout");
   if (vout_v.type() != int_type)
   throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, "Invalid parameter, missing vout key");
   int nOutput = vout_v.get_int();
   if (nOutput < 0)
   throw JSONRPCError(RPC_INVALID_PARAMETER, "Invalid parameter, vout must be positive");
   CTxIn in(COutPoint(txid, nOutput));
   rawTx.vin.push_back(in);
 }

so how exactly does createrawtransaction use scriptPubKey and redeemScript?


texts: Can side chains or "pegged" chains negatively affect the security of Bitcoin?

texts:
Regarding the concept of side chains or "pegged" chains which has been discussed since as early as 2011 and explored in this white paper, how can these negatively affect the security of Bitcoin?

Before answering that question, I think it's important to determine if these concepts are possible without any change to the Bitcoin protocol.  Assuming changes are required, would Bitcoin suffer from side chains?  If no changes are required then the Bitcoin protocol should be as solid as it ever was and, it would seem that it would benefit from the usage, support and attention that side chains bring.  Perhaps different implementations of side chains matter and it's important to look at examples.


texts: Open source data for bitcoin Blockchain analysis

texts:
I'm trying to find money laundering and other 'bad' use cases of the bitcoin. Of course, the public Blockchain is available to me and that is my main data source. But this is also quite limiting because all I can do is run 'pattern recognition' like algorithm.

I can test, supervise and improve my performance if I can have access to previous analyses on the blockchain regarding financial activities. For instance, a set of tagged Bitcoin addresses, a network of organizations within the Blockchain, etc.


texts: Get confused on the merkle tree algorithm

texts:
From page https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_specification , I understand the merkle tree works like

  merkle([a,b,c,d]) =  h( h(a,b), h(c,d) )

But when I do the stratum protocol http://mining.bitcoin.cz/stratum-mining/ , it works something like this

  merkle([a,b,c,d]) = h(h(h(a,b),c),d)

And here is the code

def build_merkle_root(self, merkle_branch, coinbase_hash_bin):
    merkle_root = coinbase_hash_bin
    for h in self.merkle_branch:
        merkle_root = doublesha(merkle_root + binascii.unhexlify(h))
    return binascii.hexlify(merkle_root)

Do I miss anything?


texts:
I followed gavinadresen's answer at Bitcoin-Qt command line control on Mac. When I enter the following in terminal, it works:

open Bitcoin-Qt.app --args -server

I've put in the following into my bitcoin.conf file:

rpcuser=yourname
rpcpassword=password

I entered the following in terminal:

curl --user yourname --data-binary '{"id":"t0", "method": "getinfo", "params": [] }' http://127.0.0.1:8332/

The above prompts me for the password and then it shows the following:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/loose.dtd">

<TITLE>Error</TITLE>
<META HTTP-EQUIV='Content-Type' CONTENT='text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1'>

401 Unauthorized.

The above output doesn't look right.  Aren't I supposed to get data from Bitcoin?  How do I get the curl command to work?


texts: Why is JSON-RPC over SSL "strongly discouraged"?

texts:
The Wiki contains a page that simply states:

  JSON-RPC over SSL is strongly discouraged

Why?

I found a method for enabling JSON_RPC over SSL here. The post mentions nothing about JSON-RPC over SSL being strongly discouraged. What risks do I run by using it?


texts: How harder is it on average to find a block with one more zero in its hash?

texts:
If

the size of the block hash, the one that has to be below a certain value, is fixed (256b, right?), and
finding a hash with one more bit set to zero is, I suspect, twice as hard, and
Moore's law (doubling of cpu power every 18 months. I know, that's not Moore's law, he meant storage in a given space) persists for long enough, and
the total hashing power follows Moore's law (bitcoin does not take over and remains somewhat underground)

then we can calculate when the protocol will have to change.

As far as I've seen on recent bloks, 17 hex characters are already zero in the hash, meaning 188 bits are left with a value. This means that in 188*1.5 years, we'll collectively be able to calculate an all-zero hash in less than 10 minutes.

So what did I miss ? Is my assumption about hash calculation difficulty correct ?


texts: Bitcoin future mass usage for payments - how feasible is it without real privacy

texts:
The bitcoin is by many people believed to be used as a method of payment, just like fiat currencies, in the future. Apart from the other big use case of a stable store of value.

But the payment use case is very flawed currently. because from the day someone starts to make a payment and shows her public key around, everyone (also people who have malicious ideas) could start to track this person based on her public key for the rest of her live basically on the blockchain. Everyone using btc payments would be sitting "naked in a cup made of glass".

This is horror scenario for all, companies, private persons, a dangerous inherent feature.

this is currently not possible with cash or bank transfers. everyone can have your IBAN accout number, but no other person who has your IBAN (and is not a bank employee) can ever track you or know about your financial state, etc.

How can btc in such grave circumstances achieve mass usage status as payment method??  Is privacy not needed as prerequisite for payment use case?

How are bitcoin devs trying to tackle this unsolved issue? Or do you think this is not an important issue.

Thanks


texts: I paid in bitcoin, now I'm owed a refund. Can I demand it in bitcoin too?

texts:
This is, I suppose, a legal question so I should point out that I'm most interested in US and European law.

I made a payment to a company for a product more than a year ago in bitcoin. The amount that I paid then was equivalent to $75. Now the company has failed to provide the product and they and I both agree that I'm owed a refund. However, we disagree on the means.

The company wants to refund me - in bitcoin if I wish it - to the value of $75 of today's money. It seems to me though that I should be refunded what I paid: i.e. the same BTC value that I paid. The value of bitcoin has increased substantially since I made my original payment, meaning that the BTC amount I paid then is now worth 5-6 times more.

I happen to know (through their blog posts) that the company in question does keep stocks of bitcoin rather than converting them to a fiat currency, so they have benefited from this. That said, I don't think it should matter either way.

My logic

You can consider bitcoin in one of two ways: a) a currency or b) not a currency. The conclusion is the same either way. Let's explore both:

a) BTC is a currency

If BTC is a currency then this is an easy question. I should be refunded what I paid, in the currency in which I paid it.

b) BTC is not a currency

If a bitcoin is not currency then is it unarguably an asset. Surely in this case I have given a valuable asset to the company as my end of an implied contract for them to provide the goods. Given their failure to provide the goods, they must return the asset: not a fraction of it.

Fairness

I think that, regardless of the legal side, it's fair for me to receive a full refund. Given that bitcoin has increased in value, one of us has to profit from this. It seems very unfair to me that the company should profit from their failure, whilst at the same time preventing me from making that profit myself.

I appreciate that I'm not exactly neutral in this, so I'd like to know what others think. Am I being reasonable? If I am, do I have a legal leg to stand on?

Edit:

Having read through the responses, they seem to have one or both of two themes.

"The price wasn't in BTC, it was in dollars with the option to pay this via bitcoin."
"Being able to claim a refund of the original BTC amount would open the door to risk-free speculation."

For the first, this is open to interpretation. If I was being pernickety, I'd probably say this was down to the wording of the sale. However I agree that - practically - it's pretty obvious that $75 was the price and BTC was a payment method, along with Visa, Paypal etc.

The concept of "legal tender" is one that was raised too. For something to be "legal tender'' means that one may not refuse an offer to pay a debt with that currency. It doesn't talk about refunds though: if I'm owed €1000 by someone in the US then I must accept the dollar equivalent even if I'd rather Euros. This is still €1000 though, not "whatever €1000 was worth when I entered the agreement.''

For the second, that is indisputable and probably represents the biggest flaw in my position. I would point out that the refund is not my doing: I would rather have received my order but the company cancelled it. However, that probably makes no difference ultimately.

Thanks for all the opinions. It looks like the overwhelming consensus is that I am being unreasonable, so I'll give up on my demands and accept the refund.


texts: How can you extract private keys from MultiBit HD?

texts: It was possible in MultiBit Classic, but I can't find it in MultiBit HD.


texts: How to let surplus go to fundraiser in ANYONECANPAY crowdfunding script?

texts:
ANYONECANPAY can be used for crowdfunding, where pledged donations cannot be spent unless funding goal/soft cap is reached. But since output is committed, when soft cap is exceed, all the surplus will go to transaction fee. Any way to make the exceeded part to go to the fundraiser as ICOs typically do?

  ALL|ANYONECANPAY

  This construction can be used to make a "crowdfunding”-style
  transaction. Someone attempting to raise funds can construct a
  transaction with a single output. The single output pays the "goal"
  amount to the fundraiser. Such a transaction is obviously not valid,
  as it has no inputs. However, others can now amend it by adding an
  input of their own, as a donation. They sign their own input with
  ALL|ANYONECANPAY. Unless enough inputs are gathered to reach the value
  of the output, the transaction is invalid. Each donation is a
  "pledge," which cannot be collected by the fundraiser until the entire
  goal amount is raised.


texts: How do I use bitcoind to spend from private key but not store it

texts:
I understand that I need to import a private key in order to spend bitcoins, would it be possible to generate/use an address without storing or the server having the private keys in the server
Ive seen many crypto wallets claim to do this but how would I go about this process
Thank you!


texts:
I know that I can generate syntax for a payment qr code like so:

bitcoin:xxxaddressxxx?lable=reason&amount=0.051

this pays (to) 1 address! I however, would like to know if I can scan a QR that will construct a tx that pays to two addresses

(can I add more than one address?)

eg:

bitcoin:[xxxaddressxxx1,xxxaddressxxx2]?lable=reason&amount=[0.05,0.001]

so the addresses receive amounts relative to the array positions


texts: NEED SOLUTION - Validation Error-Mempool-conflict

texts:
I SENT XPUB and tried to send many messages blockchain never respond. and one account has been more than 5 days.
i am having "validation Error-Mempool-conflict. what is this and how long it will take? Is this something blockchain stocks and steal our money? i have many accounts and two of my accounts got same issues since last week.


texts: Blockchain Receive Payments API Not Working

texts:
I want to accept payments with the Blockchain Receive Payments API (https://blockchain.info/api/api_receive) but I can't seem to figure out how to work it. I cannot test it too much because there is a minimum amount of BTC that can be sent to the account for it to work and I just ran out from testing because there is no destination for the address but that's another story- I just need to know that it should work. This is what I have so far:

callback.php

$secret = "testSecret";
if (isset($_GET['secret'])) {
if ($_GET['secret'] != $secret) {
    die("Invalid secret");
} else {
    define("HOST", "localhost");
    define("USER", "root");
    define("PASSWORD", "DBPASS");
    define("DATABASE", "xeon.io");
    $mysqli = new mysqli(HOST, USER, PASSWORD, DATABASE);
    $query = "INSERT INTO invoices (item_id, price_in_btc, bought_by, deliver_to, time) VALUES ('2', '001', '1', '1', '0')";
        if ($mysqli->query($query)) {
            echo "*ok*";
        } else {
            die("ERROR!!!!1");
        }
    }
} else {
    die("Blank secret");
}

receive.php

$secret = 'testSecret';
$my_address = '1339LGRGE44QMLYa4hTuyAsbKVjVAGXwHW';
$my_callback_url = 'http://example.com/pay?secret='.$secret;
$root_url = 'https://blockchain.info/api/receive';
$parameters = 'method=create&address=' . $my_address .'&callback='.     urlencode($my_callback_url);
$response = file_get_contents($root_url . '?' . $parameters);
$object = json_decode($response);
echo 'Send Payment To : ' . $object->input_address;

Generating new accounts works just fine but that's not the problem.
The test callback on their site works but when I actually test it, nothing gets written to the database and the BTC isn't returned to the original account nor sent to the destination account.
I basically just want to know if I am doing anything wrong with the above code.
Thanks for the help :)


texts: Any charts/bots out there for volumes going from private/unknown wallets to known exchanges?

texts:
To figure out if whales are suddenly moving their BTC or USDT etc from their private/unknown wallets to known exchanges. Or vice versa, if they're comfortable enough to move a lot back onto their wallets.
Or at least how much money is currently on exchanges vs global crypto cap, plotted onto a chart.
Bonus points if there is a way to know how old the private/unknown wallets are. So for ex if wallets from 6 years ago are suddenly moving BTC to an exchange, vs wallets made e.g. this year.


texts: How do i get max and circulating supply of a Blockchain?

texts:
Hi how do i get the circulating supply for etc Bitcoin, Ethereum and so on?

I am not talking about coinmarketcap's API i want to get these data myself.

Is there any tutorials on how to do this anywhere and can i do it with an automated script in PHP?


texts: Where can I find a high performance search capabilities in a Bitcoin node implementation?

texts:
Where can I find a Bitcoin node implementation, which is capable of thousands of searches per minute, without degrading performance of the node?
I am aware of two Bitcoin node implementations.

Bitcoin Core
Bitcoin Ops btcd

I am looking for a BTC node implementation, which implements higher performance search capabilities, so I can search using syntax similar in capabiilty to SQL. I understand why LevelDB was chosen in the Bitcoin Core implementation (not sure what is used in the btcd implementation), but search performance does not stand up to my use case of executing thousands of searches (using bloom filters) per minute, as described here.
I have written a searchable database back-end using PostgreSQL, but its database must be pruned in order to archieve the high performance I require, which is not optimal. Thinking out loud, it seems like a NoSQL database like Cassandra, MongoDB, or the like might be better suited to this use case. But, I have not been able to find a Bitcoin implementation, which uses a NoSQL or comparable database.
With that that in mind, does anyone know of a Bitcoin, or altcoin, node, which meets my use case?


texts: Why do non-mining nodes listen to transactions?

texts: I still don't understand why full but non-mining nodes listen to transactions. The validity of the transactions are ensured cryptographically. So what advantage does it give to either me or to the network? What am I supposed to do with that info when I get a live transaction? In my understanding, a full node should only listen to new blocks, unless it is also mining at the same time.


texts: Is there a way to find how many nodes are there?

texts: As a single bitcoind node I can only detect how many connected peers I have. Is there a way to have a vision of the whole bitcoin network?


texts: What is Mt. Gox's YubiKeys' "configuration protection access code"?

texts:
Does anyone know if Mt. Gox, now that they're bankrupt, has released their YubiKey's "configuration protection access code" (cf. this)? If so, we could reprogram the free YubiKeys they sent us and use them for other purposes.

Does anyone know their contact information?

thanks


texts: How to build Primecoin from source code on a mac?

texts:
How should one build the client for the new cryptocoin Primecoin from source code on a mac?

The source can be found here: https://sourceforge.net/projects/primecoin/files/


texts: What if some group of people start sending small transactions from wallet to wallet just to make the blockchain bigger?

texts:
What if some government start using their computers to move the tiniest amount of Bitcoin possible, from wallet to wallet, just to make the blockchain REALLY big? Is this possible?

And also, is it possible to generate large amounts of transactions so that one winning node can't include them all in one 10 minute mining process?


texts: What Software Patterns does the Bitcoin source code use?

texts:
I'm a Master Student in Computing Science and currently investigating the Bitcoin source code on the Software Patterns that are used. Part of the assignment is to ask the community to guide us.

I would like to ask you if you know any Software Pattern in the source code. In order to give you a view of our scope, below is a list of Patterns covered (Design Patterns and Architectural Patterns).

Thanks in advance,

Patrick

Object Oriented Design Patterns:

Factory Pattern
Adapter Pattern
Composite Pattern
Facade Pattern
Proxy Pattern
Observer Pattern

Architectural Patterns:

Layered Decomposition Pattern
Pipes And Filters Pattern
Data Repository Pattern
Model View Controller Pattern
Client Server Pattern
Peer to Peer Pattern
Publish Subscribe Pattern
Broker Pattern
Message Queue Pattern


texts:
Does the Stratum protocol works well with the stratum servers behind a load balancer?

My impression is that each request from the client may hit a different stratum server and eventaully ends up subscribing to both stratum servers. Does this mean both stratum server will be sending jobs to the client at the same time, confusing the client?


texts: How to save the mempool information immediately before the node receives a block?

texts: I want to use Bitcoin RPC API 'getrawmempool' to save the snapshot of the mempool immediately before my full node receives a block. This requires modification of the Bitcoin source code. How should I modify it? Who can help me very kindly?


texts:
In this video Andreas Antonopolous says an output is indivisible and therefore if a transaction smaller than the output is done, the rest is used as change and returned to your different address of same public key.

Is this true? How does lightning work with microtransactions then?


texts: Where can I find the raw stats data of the current bitcoin network?

texts: So that I can build something like this and this in PHP? Is there any official data feed or do I have to go through the entire network programatically to get them?


texts: What unusal behavior would alert school's system administrator from mining bitcoin?

texts: I work in a lab and I have full access to the lab. I often leave my old laptop in this lab to do computational stuff (for lab or for my own stuff). If I want to mind bitcoin using this setup, what unusual behaviors will alert the administration of the school's network? Will there be a huge outgoing traffic? Does it require some ports to be opened?


texts: HASH160 to address - What am I doing wrong?

texts:
I am running this code and nothing happens.

I am trying to hash160 a  script with OP_HASH160 {scriptHash} OP_EQUAL and get a P2SH address as output but not sure this is the right script to achieve this.

// OP_HASH160 {scriptHash} OP_EQUAL
var bitcoin = require('bitcoinjs-lib')
var bscript = require('./src/script')
var types = require('./src/types')
var typeforce = require('typeforce')
var OPS = require('bitcoin-ops')

function check (script) {
  var buffer = bscript.compile(script)

  return buffer.length === 23 &&
    buffer[0] === OPS.OP_HASH160 &&
    buffer[1] === 0x14 &&
    buffer[22] === OPS.OP_EQUAL
}
check.toJSON = function () { return 'scriptHash output' }

function encode (scriptHash) {
  typeforce(types.Hash160bit, scriptHash)

  return bscript.compile([OPS.OP_HASH160, f1b914051eaabf34c22d354053698e512b36, OPS.OP_EQUAL])
}

function decode (buffer) {
  typeforce(check, buffer)

  return buffer.slice(2, 22)
}

module.exports = {
  check: check,
  decode: decode,
  encode: encode
}

What am I doing wrong?
Thanks


texts: Would it be possible to create a soft-fork for reducing miner reward?

texts:
Context:

There is a bet going on r/bitcoin about the possibility of doing a user activated soft fork for reducing current miner reward to 0.25 BTC.

One of the users says the bet had two points:

the change must be a soft fork (aka it doesn't break consensus)
no miner must be able to claim more than 0.25 btc.

Would it be able to make a change to the Bitcoin consensus rules that would meet this criteria?


texts: I mined in early 2010 with a cpu miner and just found my keys after forgetting all thease years, no joke need info please

texts:
who is the best most reputable bitcoin recovery company?
I have added details and questions about our situation below
Thank you
And God Bless

what was the mining program from the devs back then? I remember a pop up kinda like a dos window and it dispalyed the key and said somthing like write this down we will not give it to you again...
I also remeber a pass sentance proram that could be used to recover somthing if you entered in you full sentace string..

I have been out of crypto since I mined a few blocks way back then and I have my keys so do i just download and sink the wallet first?
remeber I did this long ago and was hoping to located the mining program from way back then to read the readme and refresh my memory.
Also back then you could contact a dev to help you,,
thanks in advance for helping out a old man trying to pay a few bills.

Sorry guys I am old sick with cancer so I do not want anyone to think I am lazy to ask questions like this. I believe what I found are my entropy codes. I remember seeing a sit down report on CNBC back in the day about Silk Road and weather or not bitcoin was a legitimate coin ect and they spoke for a good bit at length and they told you where to download the program and I thought the blocks was 50 at a time? It was a long time ago. I had ignored the boom from a few years ago to embarrassed and to and sick to care what ever happened to my codes / keys until I found my old drives and then my old codes. I do not remember it being a pool but if it was my guy is saying it was from the dev teams or team. It was a pop up miner and it would not have much on he display in the small little box. Just your mined coin count and a splash code that said something like write this down you will not get it again and will need it for us to help you recover your coins ect.


texts: When a transaction will reject if the fee was to low?

texts:
I would like to know when a transaction will reject if the fee was to low to be confimed.

If this transaction never will be rejected, what is to do to delete this transaction?


texts:
I've been wondering about this for a while. It might even be impossible due to hash value of block being SHA256 value of SHA256 value of the block data, as far as I know (or is this only for Bitcoin addresses?) and there simply might not be a SHA256 value that produces 0 when it's hashed again, unless SHA256 outputs are very well distributed, which they might be in this case.

I have seen on some blockchain explorers that for the genesis block the previous reference block is 0. I thought that perhaps this would mean that Bitcoin blockchain might loop unexpectedly, but I figured out that coinbase transaction has 50BTC as an output, which would I guess make it invalid now that the block reward is bellow that.

Would there be any special problems with this?
Obviously if the difficulty gets too high, block hashes will start overlapping which could create these loops, right?
But I do understand that it is very likely that difficulty would have to grow quite unreasonably high for this, which it never might.