texts:
Its been 5 hours since I did a transaction of $ 64 and it has not been confirmed
I checked it says unspent
Am very much confused please any help?


texts: If I buy an ASIC miner and run it at home, do I become a Bitcoin node?

texts:
I tried to find the Bitlist visualization as mentioned in the documentary The Rise and Rise of Bitcoin, but could not

but instead found https://bitnodes.io/

It says there are 9741 nodes.  Does that mean if I buy an ASIC miner and set it up, then I become a node and that would make it become 9742?  But the usual practice is said to be joining a mining pool, so if I join one, then I won't be one extra node but will merge into one?


texts: With Ripple, how is base fee (transaction fee) calculated?

texts:
The Ripple wiki says (emphasis added):

  If the reference transaction should cost 10 millionths of a ripple, the "base fee" should be set to 10. This is the current value. This makes it very simple to adjust fees to keep them sensible -- just figure out how many millionths of a Ripple the reference transaction should cost and set that as the base fee.

Yes, and how does the system figure out what a reference transaction would cost?

It would be great to know how the transaction fee is determined and how it is adjusted in response to deflation (rising value of XRP or falling supply of the units).


texts:
I'm new to Bitcoin and I have a few questions about Bitcoin Exchange and how the transactions work. To be more specific, the question is related about the level of anonymity of these transactions.

1) When I want to sell bitcoin through a Bitcoin Exchange, do I have to transfer the bitcoin to a Bitcoin Wallet created by the Exchange and related to my account on the Exchange, or I have just to "connect" my Bitcoin wallet to the account on the exchanger?

2) And when I will sell the bitcoin, the transaction will be displayed on the Blockchain right?
But can this transaction be identified as a transaction made on a Bitcoin Exchange or not? (So that someone can know that I've just sold my bitcoin through an Exchange).

3) Last question: It would be a good idea to access to a Bitcoin Exchange through a proxy chain (Or just a proxy server) to gain more anonymity?

Thanks in advance for any answer! :)


texts: Found my Multibit.key wallet back up, but I do not remember the password, what next?

texts:
I created a Multibit wallet back up many years ago and it was saved as multibit.key.
I am now trying to import this back into MultiBit Classic and it is asking for a password. I have forgotten the password.

Is there anything I can try? Is brute forcing an option? What type of software would I have to use?

Cheers


texts: What hardware do I need to get started with Bitcoin?

texts: I am new to crypto currencies and just got into bitcoin, I want to know how to  start off, which equipment would I need?


texts: is there a way to download my bitcoins to a pc wallet?

texts:
i have .000313 in bitcoin in paxful wallet to start off.
id like to download it to my bitcoin wallet on my pc.

I just need some help.


texts: getrawtransaction not working for 0th BTC block transaction

texts: I am trying to insert BTC blocks and transactions in MONGODB collection from count 0 using Python3. getrawtransaction is giving output for block 1 but not for block 0. Can somebody help me why this happening?


texts: How exactly are public/private keys stored?

texts:
So Bitcoin uses an HD wallet and thanks to that it can store keys in a hierarchy. But how exactly and in what format are they stored? Is each private and public key stored as a separate file? Are they stored in textual or binary format? Does Bitcoin use a database to store them?

The only resource I found is the source code of Bitcoin Core but are there any books or sites where I can find explanations about this?


texts: How do I copy the blockchain to a separate computer running Bitcoin Core?

texts:
I'm running bitcoin-qt 0.8.6 on a different computer that has the whole blockchain downloaded. I tried putting all the blk.dat files and the index from that computer  the blocks folder in bitcoin-qt v.10 on a separate computer but it wouldn't load. I tried reindexing it but it still wouldn't load. I'm not sure if the chainstate is related to the process because I tried placing the original in the new bitcoin qt application support folder but it would cause it to crash before opening or everything would be erased upon opening.

I'm running OSX Mavericks on the original computer and Yosemite on the new one.


texts: I had bitcoin in the blockchain info wallet till after both the BCH and BTG forks. I sent that bitcoin out to a paper wallet. If I sweep that paper wallet now, should there be BCH and BTG on there along with the BTC?


texts: Public Addresses: '3' vs '1' in front [Bitcoin]

texts: I just wanted to confirm, is it true that for a bitcoin (public) address it should always have a '1' in front of it. For certain transactions though I see that there is a '3' in front. How is this possible, and why is it a '3'?


texts: Are electrum's private keys 512 bits or 256 bits long?

texts:
I have recently been going through the python source code for electrum and encountered the following lines of code at the mneumonic.py file starting from line 130:

def mnemonic_to_seed(self, mnemonic, passphrase):
        PBKDF2_ROUNDS = 2048
        mnemonic = normalize_text(mnemonic)
        passphrase = normalize_text(passphrase)
        return pbkdf2.PBKDF2(mnemonic, 'electrum' + passphrase, iterations =
              PBKDF2_ROUNDS, macmodule = hmac, digestmodule =
               hashlib.sha512).read(64)

We see clearly that it returns a 64 bytes or 512 bit seed instead of what we all know a bitcoin priv key should be - 256 bits.
Is this the final function to be called for priv key generation or are there steps or functions that I missed?


texts: Is 10K full nodes enough to bitcoin to avoid 51% attack?

texts:
As I know bitcoin has about 10K full nodes. And the question is in my mind is that: This number is not huge! If someone has 6K servers, Can control the bitcoin via 51% attack?

I was thinking if bitcoin had millions of nodes everything was ok but 10K is enough? What is the magic here that people trust bitcoin with 10K nodes?


texts: how the miner start to count the timestamp to insert in the block

texts:
I have a doubt, how the miner starts to count the timestamp to insert in the block.

An example the timestamp insert inside the genesis block is 1/3/2009, 7:15:05 PM GMT+1. If the genesis block would have been mined the time is the moment to the miner have started to resolve the proof-of-work or is the moment to the miner win the proof-of-work?


texts:
I have read at length that address reuse should be avoided, for instance the bitcoin wiki describes numerous reasons here. I have also read Murch's master thesis on coin selection. These two concepts seem to be at ends with each other. That is, if all bitcoin users follow the instructions to never reuse an address, there should only ever be one UTXO associated to an address, and then it is abandoned once the UTXO is spent - thus only one input to any given transaction. Does following the address reuse recommendation render the concept of coin selection useless?
Some smaller related questions that I don't feel deserve their own questions:

Do the instructions to not reuse an address include change? That is, should I generate a new key pair for any transaction that needs to receive change, and then manually specify my change be sent to the newly generated address?
If I make a new address for every transaction, and let us say I have one key pair associated to a 1 btc UTXO and another key pair associated to a 1 btc UTXO and I want to send Alice 2 BTC, then following the address reuse policy I would ask her to provide me 2 seperate bitcoin addresses, and I would make two separate transactions, 1 btc sent to each address?
Terminology - does the term "wallet" refer to a key pair, or to software/hardware etc. that could contain many key pairs. For example, thinking of a Nano Ledger S, is the device itself the "wallet" and each 3-tuple (private key, pub key, address) also considered a "wallet"?

EDIT:
My question has been sufficiently answered - I failed to understand that when conducting a transaction with multiple UTXO inputs, they do not all need to be associated to the same address/private key. Good news Murch, your masters thesis wasn't in vain :)


texts: Is there a way to abort a stuck lightning network payment?

texts:
I recently had this problem IRL: tried to pay in a coffee shop with LN, but my channel partner was "sleeping", so after a while I paid in cash. Then, 5 min later, the server comes back online, the LN payment went through and I had to go get my cash back.

lightning-wallet.com doesn't seem to have a stop button, but I think this (IMHO important) usage scenario is just not possible in the protocol right now, is it? The BOLTs say: "For simplicity, a node can only remove HTLCs added by the other node. There are four reasons for removing an HTLC: the payment preimage is supplied, it has timed out, it has failed to route, or it is malformed.".

So I guess the question is, why is this not possible today? Just a UI problem, a protocol shortcoming that will be fixed, or is there a deeper reason why it CAN'T be possible?


texts: Are there any HD Bitcoin mobile wallets with the mnemonic seed in traditional Chinese?

texts: If not, what would be the easiest way to modify an open source iOS/Android wallet (eg copay) to do this?


texts:
The section "Verifying Downloaded Files' at http://bitcoinarmory.com/download/ says that I should see the following output after running GPG:

$ gpg --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 98832223
gpg: requesting key 98832223 from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpg: key 98832223: public key "Alan C. Reiner (Armory Signing Key) <alan.reiner@gmail.com>"

However when I ran it, I got:

gpg: key 98832223: public key "Alan C. Reiner (Offline Signing Key) <alan@bitcoinarmory.com>" imported

instead. A link I found on btcarmory.org (http://pgp.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?search=Armory+Signing) has a result that implies that these two outputs are acceptable, but can someone please confirm that this is true?

Is the difference in the GPG output a concern? I only ask because of how intensely it is suggested to do this stuff! Thanks.


texts: Pass-through bank account, that transfers everything to your wallet

texts:
Now you can buy everything worldwide with https://all4btc.com/ (former https://bitspend.net/ )

It would be nice to get money now also only in bitcoins.

I would like to configure a bank account in the way that if there are incomings on it, it automatically buys bitcoins somewhere for it to the current exchange-rate and transfers them to my wallet.

Is there an online-banking software, where I could configure those kind of macro?
which bitcoin-software can be completely automated to buy on certain events?
in which country would it be possible to open this kind of automatizeable bank account?


texts: Are there proposed hardfork changes that couldn't be made if the market was filled with ASIC miners?

texts:
Suppose a year from now most of the hashrate is being produced by ASICs.

Bitcoin is not feature-complete yet. Out of the changes in the hardfork wishlist, would any of these changes be hard/impossible to implement on ASICs that have been sold already?

To make such breaking changes, it most likely that a majority of the mining power will be needed. If ASICs become the majority, and they can't adjust to these changes, do we have a problem?

I say "most likely we need a majority" because maybe breaking changes could be done without a majority of hash power, but rather a near-majority, accompanied by strong user support. But it would certainly make life more complicated.


texts: Were one or more machines required to be running 24/7 on the network after the first block was mined?

texts:
After mining the genesis block, did Satochi have to leave his computer running to mine the subsequente empty blocks?

Was he running the whole network on a single node or did he require multiple nodes to test the transaction verifications?

What would happen if at some point all nodes were off and no transactions or blocks were being generated?

At some point the whole net work were probably a couple of personal computers. Did they run 24/7?


texts: cgminer settings [ ati / amd radeon HD6870 GPU ] scrypt

texts:
I'm found that speed of my cgminer should be around 320kh/s:

https://litecoin.info/Mining_hardware_comparison

ati / amd radeon HD6870 GPU

The wiki recommend use this -I 19 -g 1 -w 256 --thread-concurrency 8192

However, I can not use -I more than 11, because hardware errors HW

My current success is ~ 150Kh/s:

./cgminer --scrypt --gpu-platform 0 -T --no-submit-stale --queue 4 --scan-time 1 --intensity 11  --thread-concurrency 2048 --load-balance --url stratum+tcp://

(5s):141.5K (avg):141.3Kh/s | A:631234  R:0  HW:0  WU:118.9/m
(5s):153.7K (avg):147.4Kh/s | A:1261234  R:0  HW:0  WU:141.2/m

When I set --intensity more than 11, i'm always get a hardware error and no accepted shares:

12 - only errors - HW, no accepted shares:

(5s):145.5K (avg):145.0Kh/s | A:0  R:0  HW:12  WU:9.1/m

(5s):145.9K (avg):145.1Kh/s | A:0  R:0  HW:12  WU:8.2/m

(5s):147.0K (avg):145.4Kh/s | A:0  R:0  HW:13  WU:7.5/m

...

16 - speed growth, but no accepted shares, only HW :

(5s):179.4K (avg):279.3Kh/s | A:0  R:0  HW:39  WU:27.2/m

(5s):226.5K (avg):269.4Kh/s | A:0  R:0  HW:54  WU:13.7/m

18 - very huge desktop lag, no accepted shares, and HW growth very fast:

(5s):188.2K (avg):296.4Kh/s | A:0  R:0  HW:52  WU:0.0/m

(5s):230.4K (avg):295.9Kh/s | A:0  R:0  HW:82  WU:0.0/m

(5s):256.3K (avg):295.9Kh/s | A:0  R:0  HW:106  WU:0.0/m

(5s):271.9K (avg):295.8Kh/s | A:0  R:0  HW:126  WU:0.0/m

20 - good bye Desktop. HW

(5s):273.9K (avg):287.7Kh/s | A:0  R:0  HW:194  WU:1.3/m

(5s):285.6K (avg):289.4Kh/s | A:0  R:0  HW:224  WU:1.1/m

(5s):264.7K (avg):292.4Kh/s | A:0  R:0  HW:325  WU:1.6/m

This is around declared in Wiki 320ks/s, but it is not a workable state, there are only errors - HW.

However, there is another mistake in wiki: --thread-concurrency 8192, my card have no enough RAM:

 [2013-12-02 17:02:00] Maximum buffer memory device 0 supports says 134217728
 [2013-12-02 17:02:00] Your scrypt settings come to 13428326

This told me cgminer, when I make +1 to  --thread-concurrency 2049

What is the magical border between 11 and 12 intensity?

I do not touch default Core and Memory Clocks:

$ amdconfig  --odgc

Default Adapter - AMD Radeon HD 6800 Series
                            Core (MHz)    Memory (MHz)
           Current Clocks :    300           300
             Current Peak :    915           1050
  Configurable Peak Range : [400-1100]     [500-1260]
                 GPU load :    8%

How can I achieve workable 320 kh/s, as wiki told?


texts: When a BIP44 XPUB and one of its descendant keys get leaked, what's the worst that can happen?

texts:
I understand that BIP44 has one edge case vulnerability where if a hacker gets his hands on an Xpub and a private key from its descendants, he can compute the Xprv pair of the original Xpub and therefor get access to every single private key of its descendants.
I'm trying to implement a system where Xpub can be shared without risking too much security and wanted to confirm my understanding. Here's the situation:

Let's say Alice has a wallet with multiple accounts, for example m/44'/0'/0', m/44'/0'/1', m/44'/0'/2', and so on.
Alice shares just one Xpub at path m/44'/0'/0' with Bob.
Bob can derive the descendant public key tree with paths such as m/44'/0'/0'/0/0, m/44'/0'/0'/0/1, m/44'/0'/0'/0/2, and so on.
Bob ONLY has access to the derived PUBLIC KEYS at above paths.
For some reason, Alice's PRIVATE KEY at path m/44'/0'/0'/0/2 is leaked.

In this case, is the worst case scenario that Alice gets compromised up to m/44'/0'/0' only, and her other key trees m/44'/0'/1', m/44'/0'/2', and so on are safe? (Meaning her private keys like m/44/0'/1'/0/0, m/44/0'/2'/0/2, are not affected by the leak)


texts: How to implement difficulty calculation in my code

texts:
So let's say we have to produce a hash that start with "0000"

I hash a block over and over by changing the nonce inside it.

Eventualy I will find a hash that start with "0000".

What is difficulty here? Is it the ammount of zéros we require the hash to start with?
More zero's would be more difficult? Does it have to do with the nonce?

I understand that the higher the difficulty the more hashes it will take to find it.

If my difficulty is one how do I apply the difficulty in the hashing process.

Right now all im doing is hashihing a block everytime I add 1 to the nonce wich represent the number of hash.

So how do I implement the difficulty in the hash calculation.

I am programming a blockchain from scratch!

Exemple of my code;

generateHash(block) {

     let hash = sha256(block.key)       // key contain the block data

     while(!hash.startsWith("f07a")) {  // we hash until the hash start with f07a
       block.nonce += 1                 // add 1 to nonce for each try
       hash = sha256(block.key)         // Trying with the new nonce
       //console.log(hash)
     }

     return hash

   }

So how would I implement difficulty here? I know i would have to do more math acording to network hashrate but to understand it in my case how would I use a difficulty of 1 here?


texts: Is it possible to do a 3-of-5 OR 1 multi-sig for backup purposes?

texts:
I'd like to create a multi-sig wallet where I can freely create transactions, but I want to give keys to trusted friends/family + a safety deposit box so that if I hit my head and forget my password, or I die, then the trusted people can recover my coins.

Is this something Bitcoin currently supports or plans to support?


texts: What will happen when a collision in SHA256 be found?

texts:
Would the protocol migrate to another Hash Algorithm inmediatly?
What would be the next? SHA3 or BLAKE 2?


texts:
Is it possible to link multiple bitcoin addresses under one private key?

This would make signing raw transactions easier.


texts:
I'm studying how Timelock works.
I'm able to create transaction with absolute time, nLocktime and OP_CLTV. Now I want to understand the relative part, and I start with nSequence.

At the moment I use createrawtransaction to create my raw transaction, where

bitcoin-cli createrawtransaction '[{"txid":"'$TXID'","vout":'$VOUT',"sequence":'$TIME'}]' '[{"'$ADDR_DEST'":'$AMOUNT'}]'

Where $TIME is:

$ gdate --date 'now + 512 seconds' +%s
1589189045

Human Readable: Mon May 11 11:08:44 CEST 2020

I mined some blocks and my median time is Mon May 11 11:13:05 CEST 2020, When I try to send my Transaction I get this error:

error code: -26
error message:
non-BIP68-final (code 64)

Here my raw transaction

020000000001012d343a729ac2addc97ebdfd6e086b4c31060546b51134f208360fb2e3989c9cc00000000001c16b95e016036f829010000001600147163053fa92512e2fb2004e9173e564bbdeb8ed40247304402203cd801bc04a71e14b08445357a2f542758cc0cf32f573a6e5489109bfa31a5b90220429c3aa40e670d1fdfee5e8f910604a3c9aa7e656e886dd8ba2591e6f22787440121037bc7eb8a954817f1b95f55f79b0927c7f42f71d461da845c08b0858d125df23400000000

  {
  "txid": "f6cb3d437858ea1ddd81d45c1b391d27faf1b594e65d7f0ae312fc55f67aff12",
  "hash": "b833a701caaba372cdd87e01c08c18755d40bd9fc20568571f2d45be3d219781",
  "version": 2,
  "size": 191,
  "vsize": 110,
  "weight": 437,
  "locktime": 0,
  "vin": [
    {
      "txid": "ccc989392efb6083204f13516b546010c3b486e0d6dfeb97dcadc29a723a342d",
      "vout": 0,
      "scriptSig": {
        "asm": "",
        "hex": ""
      },
      "txinwitness": [
        "304402203cd801bc04a71e14b08445357a2f542758cc0cf32f573a6e5489109bfa31a5b90220429c3aa40e670d1fdfee5e8f910604a3c9aa7e656e886dd8ba2591e6f227874401",
        "037bc7eb8a954817f1b95f55f79b0927c7f42f71d461da845c08b0858d125df234"
      ],
      "sequence": 1589188124
    }
  ],
  "vout": [
    {
      "value": 49.991,
      "n": 0,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "0 7163053fa92512e2fb2004e9173e564bbdeb8ed4",
        "hex": "00147163053fa92512e2fb2004e9173e564bbdeb8ed4",
        "reqSigs": 1,
        "type": "witness_v0_keyhash",
        "addresses": [
          "bcrt1qw93s20afy5fw97eqqn53w0jkfw77hrk5vtmsdk"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

The same logic works with nLocktime.


texts: Did the Bitcoin fork resulting in the Bitcoin Cash created money from nothing?

texts: Since you can double-spend your old Bitcoin coins and the Bitcon Cash coins, independently---one on each side of the fork---it seems somehow that money was created for free. Isn't this a problem? What prevents people from creating more and more forks to the point of undermining the crypto-currencies value?


texts:
Disclaimer for moderators: I am not sure if such a question is allowed in this website. Please feel free to remove it in case it isn't. This question is based on a similar question on StackOverflow.

There are currently many books on Bitcoin and cryptocurrency/blockchain in general and surely many more will be written. Some are easier to find, some harder. Some are very good, others quite the opposite. Good reviews on websites such as Amazon are not always on par with the quality of the book, and not all books can be found in one place. I propose to provide answers to this question recommending books. The rules are as follows:

Each answer must propose one book only.
Each answer must propose a different book.
The proposal has to contain the book's author and title. A short description and subjective opinion why this book is worth reading is admissible.

The votes for each answer will determine the relative quality of each book. Please refrain from downvoting a book - simply don't upvote it.

The idea behind this question is not to argue which book is the best, but to consolidate the knowledge in one place.


texts: If Bitcoin addresses are truely random, then why are some more difficult to generate than others?

texts: In this post TierNolan explains why 'Bitpoin' is much easier to generate than 'bitpoin', and that mainly has to do with the position (first character). But I remember that certain characters (I believe 'i' and 'o') are much more difficult to generate, independant of their position in the address. How is this possible?


texts: How do I install a specific version of bitcoin-core

texts:
I need to run bitcoind version 0.17, however the latest available version is 0.18, if I follow the instructions from this link it installs the latest version.

The below links lists the packages for the version I need however I am not sure how to use it, I mean how to install it on my local machine as apt-get install command does automatically.

https://bitcoincore.org/bin/bitcoin-core-0.17.1/

Can someone help me with this please?


texts:
following the hackernoon for full node btc, https://hackernoon.com/a-complete-beginners-guide-to-installing-a-bitcoin-full-node-on-linux-2018-edition-cb8e384479ea
i have some small questions,
is there's any control for any service on that wallet ? the developers of it ? is that's the way the online exchanges and ledgers create our online wallets and their offline wallets or there's still a deeper way?
after making getnewaddress, how can i create/view its private key?
from the bitcoin-qt setting>encrypt wallet, what is it about exactly ? is that creating a password for the whole wallet to open it on other pc, or creates custom private key, or 12 words like blockchain.com?
if its just a password for the wallet on the pc or another pc usage
where can i get the private key for every getnewaddress?
also how can i create 12 words that can work on http://blockchain.com when i enter them ? or it cant be as long as this 12 not from blockchain.com directly ?
last and not least i didnt find any online documentation that includes all bitcoinq / bitcoin-cli command lines with their explanations and usage, do you have any link including that ?


texts:
I have a transaction sent from Coinbase on 12 Dec 2017.  i can see it on the blockchain, fees taken but the rest is unspent.

How can I force the transaction to complete.
Why didn't it complete

Answera in laymans terms please as I'm new to this

Thanks


texts: I am looking at coding a Bitcoin trading exchange,  Would PHP be sufficient for an order matching engine?  The server would be load balanced with running MySQL.


texts: Error when sending transaction: "Signature is found in scriptCode"


texts:
I do not know yet whether is this transaction is confirmed or not because not yet reached the destination !!
https://blockchain.info/tx/962a428acb10ed071b1cf954cbaf763016751b986429df5268424880ee95a7d6.
Can someone help me with advice on what to do


texts: How can services that use the bitcoin blockchain help secure it?

texts:
There are many projects being worked on that involve using the bitcoin blockchain for its public verifiability and immutability. A few examples would be Counterparty, Medici, Factom, etc. But each use case for the bitcoin blockchain also adds an incentive to attack it.

For example, say some sort of a stock chain/ledger is secured by the bitcoin blockchain, and the total value of all stocks secured is more than 1 trillion USD. Then, even though the total market cap of the native currency to the ledger is only ~3.5 billion USD, there may be an incentive to reverse/modify the bitcoin blockchain in order to modify the stock market's chain of transactions. Miners do the necessary work to secure these types of services, but their fee does not correlate with the real-world value of the data they are securing.

Obviously, services that use the block chain like this can't be prevented, as it is a completely open peer-to-peer system.

  How can external services that add incentives to attack the network also add incentives for miners to secure it?

Notes:

Merged mining with Namecoin, a decentralized service that uses the bitcoin blockchain for security, adds to the security of the bitcoin blockchain by awarding Namecoins. Centralized services, like a stock exchange, do have an incentive to keep the chain secure, because if the bitcoin block chain is attacked, then very few people will use their service. And they may be able to add to the mining incentive in a way that encourages people to try their service, similar to a marketing fee.

One upside is that just the existence of such services may bring utility to and encourage confidence in bitcoin, raising bitcoin's price and, hence, raising the reward for mining.

I am looking for descriptions of technical solutions for a standard process by which services can do their part to keep the blockchain secure, while maintaining the decentralization of the network.


texts: Bitcoin Core signing using signrawtransactionwithkey returns null

texts:
I am trying to sign a transaction to spend funds from a 3 of 7 multisig address.

signrawtransactionwithkey 0200000001df84bf87bee6e5ef37252bee0aefffff01570400000000000017a914ab7810c333815366e268a8e21cdd516a73e353348700000000 "[   \"L19iWVPKJLUm316JUSwuKanZ1aUNk\",
    \"L4QXPc2ErXQ5cpmSizgnqL3VdUNFr3\",
    \"L3u2KCt3oBYp1rTn8a7AK8cdZjp8wsF\"
]"
[{
    "txid": "a9d4599e15b53f3eb56bda871e8b34f2f430c",
    "vout": 0,
    "scriptPubKey": "a9142371a0f091d72061f52b3a87",
    "redeemScript": "53210386c5bb843616d7e504997778707701b5245904a48d0e2e7b64e0fe346bee975d321023bd5cef26304c25450933da1dd50d6d39625ae8154319e14884c76b0300336a22102ed48db7649ae65433f6c46bbdbf143927411c9c12878f85b64815183a458b5ea210379371734a424889ded7f8de018d7e4c6f1ce7196980c80e9d6f3bb748668415d2102051d068ac8dee4aa46af230ea46d96a860c4c65f000831e748b866ffdfb74f3d21029c7cc1f53494ae3ce3f44adbdf9bee34ce5f8e70cb099b9c72ba31f71cf1617c57ae",
    "amount": "0.00001234"
}]

Ive redacted a bit of the private keys, etc - though there are only a few sats so if someone guesses cracks it enjoy.

The response I am getting is "null" instead of the expected output from signrawtransaction (including the signed transaction).


texts: Why is no security lost by using 32-byte public keys in Schnorr signatures instead of 33?

texts:
There is currently a discussion on the mailing list about truncating the 33rd byte from public keys when used in bip-schnorr.

Public keys are (x, y) coordinates and compressed public keys simply replace the y coordinate with a single byte indicating its oddness. The complete y coordinate can then be derived from the given x coordinate, and so the public key can be expressed in just 33 bytes instead of 64.

By removing the "oddness" byte, public keys will only be expressed by the x coordinate, meaning there are two potential points on the curve that could be represented. This also implies that the same single x-coordinate-only public key could actually be derived from two different private keys.

My question is, why does this not affect the security assumptions of the Schnorr signature? Is it just a subtle effect, like replacing 256 bit security with 255 bit security?


texts: String-along, is this possible and is it an attack?

texts:
I haven't seen this discussed before, if it has been please provide a link.

If I find a block while mining but then discover that another miner broadcast a block mere moments ago, I could begin mining the next block based on the network accepted block. Or I could begin mining based on my rejected block. I'm not trying to double spend, I'm including all the same transactions.

It seems like I have nothing to lose by doubling down at this point. Based on my hashing power I expect the same chance of finding the next block, but if I mine my own block successfully I'll get the coin for mining both blocks. Same risk, double reward.

If I control 51% and I do this, it seems that a successful fork is the most likely outcome. Taking it a step further with the 51% scenario: If I find a block after 3 minutes and I compute that 95% of recent blocks have been found after 6.5 minutes can't I withhold my block from the network briefly, risking the 5% chance of being beaten in order to get lead time on the next block?

If I control 51% and use this strategy, isn't it inevitable that at some point I will mine 2 quick blocks back to back and that I can use my position of being ahead of the network as leverage to get farther ahead?

For example, I find block 1000 and the network accepts it. We all begin mining for block 1001. I find 1001 after 3 minutes, I keep it to myself and start on 1002. I get lucky and find 1002 before anyone else broadcasts a 1001. I begin work on 1003. Someone broadcasts a 1001 and the network moves on to mining 1002. At this point I don't immediately broadcast my block 1002. I've computed that 99% of recent blocks are broadcast after 4 minutes. So i continue mining 1003 for an additional 4 minutes, taking only a 1% chance of being preempted.

Then, only after the network has wasted 4 minutes mining 1002 do I transmit my 1002 which invalidates both the other miner's 1001 and the whole networks expenditure on 1002. This leaves me with winning blocks 1001 & 1002 a 4+ minute head start on 1003.

If I control 51% and use that strategy, where every quick block I find and every long block the network finds will fuel my head start, isn't it inevitable that at some point I will gain the power to string the network along where all their work is wasted on blocks I have already found but not shared.

Wouldn't this be invisible to users and merchants yet devastating to miners? Wouldn't this disincentivize mining thereby increasing my relative hashing power and the length of my string along chains?


texts: What should i do with my used antminer? How should i set it up?

texts:
ive just purchased a 2nd hand s9i antminer, got it for £200, a great deal i thought, what tasks should i perform before installing?
i was thinking of opening it up and looking inside, just to see what is inside the box
obviously i should reset the machine, right?
is there anything else i should do?
i am concerned about security and wish to ensure this piece of used hardware poses no threat to my local network
this is the first asic miner ive ever owned


texts: Can mining rewards be based on real world data

texts:
Is is possible to replace mining as a guessing game where your chance of winning is related to the how quickly your machine can perform calculations compared to how quickly other miners are performing similar calculations with electricity generation data rather than a solution to a mathematical problem to generate block rewards.
Is it possible to have the network generate a unique random number which is assigned to the transaction which records the successful production of a predetermined amount of electricity from data derived from an electricity meter, the electricity meter is attached to a network node and records and transmits transactions (data logs) to the network.
Each energy producer uses a smart meter to record their electricity production a computer with the blockchain installed which is attached to the meter that collects and transmits those transactions to and from the blockchain network, the transactions are validated and do not allow for conflicting transactions, the transactions are put into blocks of up to 2KB or about 70 transactions,  the M.I. devices compute cryptographic hashes until they find a block good enough to count, the block  is then submitted to the blockchain network which earns the energy producer a reward.
Every electricity producer that produces the require amount of kWh of electricity will have the same chance earning a reward as it is a guessing game where your chance of winning is related to the how quickly you produce the electricity, and not how much processing power you have.


texts: I can't send a transaction from electrums cli

texts:
I am trying to send a transaction in the cli using electrum with the command ~$

  electrum --testnet payto mvYrQck9VfujSanmwvQxiLab3fLuywGdvh 0.01 -f 0.002

Password: (I entered the correct password here)
Q

{
    "complete": true,
    "final": true,
    "hex": "0100000001c36cdc20a497f12731f96b89f830d2743245c4adc1f4a622b8c2e234821cd76e7f0000006a4730440220028106ef3432af605c882db4d9065e318ee6a7513e7731d83a01d3a156985c1d0220256e6213c0bc59f63239a9375636228a6e601b02822bfb28f31adcc15d42e7da0121031720b63d82383198cf67c770d6f8c00877d2721bcb2308ad0717685d706aba55feffffff0240420f00000000001976a914a4e5cdf9a742245b2cb4254640ee2aa16e95809e88ac2cd1cf00000000001976a91457054c8af735007871b7a3697c5736280f59183f88acbd8d1500"
}

but when I open electrums gui I don't see the transaction in the history tab and my balance remains the same.


texts: Why change the nonce instead of just rehashing?

texts:
Why do miners increase the nonce to compute a block hash rather than just generating a random block hash?  It seems to me that both approaches would have the same likeliness of finding a result that is below the target.

If the answer is that it is quicker to increase the nonce instead of just generating a random hash to find a valid result, could you show this in a mathematical/statistical way?


texts:
Here is the method I plan to use for creating a cold storage. I am very new to all this, and have never used Bitcoin before. I am not very technical either. Anyway, here it is:

Create a live-cd with Ubuntu (on a DVD, not install anything on the hard-drive, I assume everything will be deleted once I turn off the system).
Install Armory on Ubuntu, create an encrypted wallet using the client (encryption just in case the wallet files does not delete for some reason when I turn off the OS). I write down the encryption key on paper.
Generate an address for receiving bitcoin, write down the private and public key on paper.
Generate a paper backup for my Armory wallet, write down the root-code to this on a paper using the "create paper backup" feature of Armory.
If I ever want to send any bitcoins from my wallet and address I delete the wallet and address later. I only send bitcoins by generating a send signature using an Armory offline wallet that is temporary installed on a live CD, and activate the send signature with a "watch only" online wallet. The offline-wallet will never and have never touched the Internet.

This way I should be able to always have access to receive and send my bitcoins if I still have the paper where I wrote down wallet encryption key, bitcoin addresses and wallet root code, and don't have to worry about data corruption or other hardware/software problems.

Is this a safe method? I plan to put about US$10000 in Bitcoins in cold storage now, but I just want to hear what you think about it before :)

Sorry for beeing a noob to this. I have read about generating codes offline using bitaddress.org as an HTML file, but I have not heard from enough people checking their code to see if the "random addresses" is pre-generated by some way and not as "random" as one might think.


texts: Multiple input/output transactions using golang btcd

texts:
I am using golang's btcd as a basis for creating some server-side tools for handling transactions. I found a good example for creating a basic one-input-one-output transaction to get me started on the implementation, and I have also read the documentation heavily on the technical specifics here.  I have also looked at the other btcsuite libraries pretty heavily to try to gain more insight. To be clear, I am NOT expecting any of these tools to issue the transaction or anything like that; I understand that this was written out of btcd in particular for very, very good reasons. I am just trying to use these tools to create valid transactions that I can issue later.

I am still incredibly confused on the particulars in implementing multiple input, multiple output transactions and the scripts that we use on them.  A few topics:

I'm familiar with the script tools in btcd, the link goes to the most common one used, but all of these scripts are used for one specific output. There seems to be absolutely no documentation anywhere about how to provide scripting for multiple outputs. If I'm doing a normal P2PK or P2PKH transaction, do I simply concatenate the scripts for all the various outputs, or what?
In the create Transaction example in the HelloBitcoin example I've linked above, the overall magic happens near the end with:

buffer.Write(version)
buffer.Write(inputs)
buffer.Write(inputTransactionBytesReversed)
buffer.Write(outputIndexBytes)
buffer.WriteByte(byte(scriptSigLength))
buffer.Write(scriptSig)
buffer.Write(sequence)
buffer.Write(numOutputs)
buffer.Write(satoshiBytes)
buffer.WriteByte(byte(scriptPubKeyLength))
buffer.Write(scriptPubKey)
buffer.Write(lockTimeField)

And I feel like there are a lot of unanswered questions on how to expand this to handle multiple inputs and multiple outputs. For the inputs, is it as simple as taking all the input transactions into little-endian, noting the correct number in inputs, and going from there? For outputs, do you just have an individual block of to satoshiBytes to scriptPubKey? I can't find in the documentation  how this is supposed to all glue together, and at this point I feel like I need some help with the nuts and bolts of this. Thanks in advance for any help - if we can get these two points answered I might end up making more questions from the stuff that will inevitably result from this.


texts: How to track bitcoin wallet activity with extended public key?

texts:
I recently signed up on blockchain.info and on the manage addresses section I can see my wallet Extended Public Key (xPub). There is a warning message saying:

  You should only give this Extended Public Key (xPub) to those you
  trust. With this information, they may be able to keep track of your
  payments, and may be able to disrupt your access to your wallet.

I'd like to know how this works. How could someone keep track of payments that a wallet receives and sends if he knows it's Extended Public Key?


texts: How do payment processing companies work?

texts: What is the rationale for existence of payment companies like BitPay? If I want to start accepting Bitcoin at my store I can simply set up my own Bitcoin wallet for free and then a simple script which counts Bitcoin price after checkout depending on current exchange rate. So what is the extra value these guys bring to the system?


texts: I am having problems running the --zapwalletxes command from the cmd prompt.  I type C:\Program Files (x86)\Bitcoin\bitcoin-qt.exe --zapwalletxes=1.  After entering this the CMD prompt states that C:\Program Files is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.  If anyone could help troubleshoot that would be great. Thanks.


texts: How are 'Not Mineable ' cryptos able to verify transactions?

texts:
NEM, Stratis, BitShares are 'non mineable' cryptocurrencies.

How do they verify transactions if there are no miners? Maybe nodes only? Or... what am I missing here?

I ask because I assume with a non mineable currency I believe miner fees, aka transaction fees, would be super low. Transactions would also clear faster. Like Ripple. Takes about 10 seconds to transfer XRP.


texts: What are the key differences between IOTA and Bitcoin? How are they different?

texts:
Please explain:
Whats the key working difference between IOTA and Bitcoin?
How does Tangle differ from Blockchain?
 Or link to some resources that define them.


texts: Would it be wise and extra secure to use non-ascii characters in a brain wallet?

texts:
What are some pitfalls if you use non-standard ascii characters in your brainwallet? Say if you were to use asian language characters? Or even extended ascii characters (http://www.theasciicode.com.ar/ascii-control-characters/delete-ascii-code-127.html) ?

What are some pitfalls by doing this? would it make your brain wallet incompatible in the futre? Pros/cons?


texts: Why you need to rehash each block after a changed block when changing data in a blockchain?

texts:
Maybe my question is stupid, but, why you need to rehash each block after a changed block when changing data in a blockchain?

Each block contains a hash of its data and hash of previous block. If I change the data in block № 9000, then block № 9001 will refer to a nonexistent block. The Chain will be broken. Every article that I read says something like:

  To make this work, you will need to rebuild and rehash each block
  following the tampered block, replacing the contents of the
  previous-block-hash pointers.

But, if block contains only hash of previous block, why can't I just change the previous' block hash value in block № 9001 if I change data in block № 9000? Wouldn't that restore the chain?


texts: Antminer S9 13.5Th/s is giving 9.5Th/s only

texts:
I just bought a new antminer S9 model 13.5Th/s.

The problem that the average hash rate doesn't exceed the 10Th/s as attached in the picture, anyone knows why?

Thank you in advance.


texts: transaction inputs does not have prev_out field

texts:
I found some transaction inputs does not contain prev_out field, i.e. it does not have input address. It only has an output address. Does this mean this kind of transactions records the activities of mining new coins?

e.g.

'tx': [{'hash': '2b1f06c2401d3b49a33c3f5ad5864c0bc70044c4068f9174546f3cfc1887d5ba', 'inputs': [{'script': '04ffff001d0138', 'sequence': 4294967295, 'witness': ''}], 'lock_time': 0, 'out': [{'addr': '1HwmP33SaknLYShXfjVU8KmVThU3JiuVgH', 'n': 0, 'script': '41045e071dedd1ed03721c6e9bba28fc276795421a378637fb41090192bb9f208630dcbac5862a3baeb9df3ca6e4e256b7fd2404824c20198ca1b004ee2197866433ac', 'spent': False, 'tx_index': 15066, 'type': 0, 'value': 5000000000}],

while for another transation:

{'hash': 'ee475443f1fbfff84ffba43ba092a70d291df233bd1428f3d09f7bd1a6054a1f', 'inputs': [{'prev_out': {'addr': '1CfD77hupeUvFwBPxZ2fA8iyWmVwQY22oh', 'n': 1, 'script': '76a9147fe34b97aeff4ab754770be5c8f12e2e95332fd488ac', 'spent': True, 'tx_index': 8845778, 'type': 0, 'value': 10212000000}, 'script': '483045022100e5e4749d539a163039769f52e1ebc8e6f62e39387d61e1a305bd722116cded6c022014924b745dd02194fe6b5cb8ac88ee8e9a2aede89e680dcea6169ea696e24d52012102b4b754609b46b5d09644c2161f1767b72b93847ce8154d795f95d31031a08aa2', 'sequence': 4294967295, 'witness': ''}], ...

the second one has a prev_out field while the first one does not


texts: How could a bot purchase bitcoins without paying for them?

texts:
An article titled "Researchers find that one person caused bitcoin to spike from $150 to $1,000 in 2013" (here) at CNBC discusses a paper titled "Price Manipulation in the Bitcoin Ecosystem" (here).

This article says about the paper that

  They found that a majority of the price manipulation happened due to
  two bots with "??" listed as the name of the user country. They named
  these bots "Markus" and "Willy."

  Markus bought and sold bitcoin at seemingly random prices and did not pay transaction fees. Upon further review, they found reason to
  believe that Markus was not actually paying for the bitcoins he was
  receiving. Markus acquired a total of 335,898 bitcoins and was
  active from February 14th, 2013 until September 27th, 2013.

On p.7 of that paper the authors wrote that

  In the end, we have concluded that Markus did not actually pay for the
  bitcoins he acquired; rather, his account was fraudulently credited
  with claimed bitcoins that almost certainly were not backed by real
  coins. Furthermore, because transactions were duplicated, no
  legitimate Mt. Gox customer received the at currency Markus supposedly
  paid to acquire the coins.

  Markus began buying bitcoin on 2013-02-14 and was active until
  2013-09-27. He did not pay for the bitcoins he acquired nor did he pay
  fees for the transactions.

I am mainly interested in how a duplication of transaction would lead to the seller not getting paid.

This is not explained in the paper as it mainly focuses on how the activity by the bots drove up the price of BTC at Mt. Gox and elsewhere.

Questions:

Isn't the purpose of the blockchain to avoid issues with transaction
integrity, such as duplicate transactions?
How would duplication of a transaction lead to the seller not
getting paid?


texts: Authentificate myself as the sender of a bitcoin transaction

texts:
How can I prove my ownership of a tx's sending address to the receiver, assu?

I can not answer This question, but to help anyone out, reading this:

Since localbitcoin's signature verification is broken, I've put together my own solution.

www.coinig.com


texts: Blockchain beyond bitcoin etc. - Who is mining?

texts:
People are praising the blockchain for use in all kinds of environments where a secure transaction history is required, e.g. logistics etc.

My question: Let's say someone sets up a blockchain for logistics transactions - what would be the incentive to provide the proof-of-work, i.e. to mine?

In the Bitcoin blockchain, I receive bitcoins as a reward. But wouldn't a similar kind of reward be required for this non-bitcoin blockchain to work in real life?

If this is the wrong community, please point me to one that is better suited. Also, my question is based on my current understanding of the blockchain technology, so please also let me know if the question does not compute.


texts: Can I use an old Pentium 4 desktop for mining if I upgrade it with a good GPU?

texts:
I know that the most important thing for mining is a GPU. I read some stuff about it but I never read a specific answer to this simple question.

I have some old desktop computer. Pentium 4 (~1GHz) processor and (maybe 256-)512 MBs or RAM.
Can I use this computer as a base for a simple mining machine if I can just put in a decent GPU??
I'm just strolling the internet for second-hand GPUs and asking friends, but I cannot afford to invest too much in it, so I'd like to be able to use that desktop for my setup.


texts: Can you switch the method of blockchain download?

texts: I torrented bootstrap.dat and used am using it to populate the blockchain. It is close to being complete, but my server has ran out of room. There is room for one copy but not enough for two. Is it possible to switch from using bootstrap.dat to using the standard download method of Bitcoind?


texts: Can I mine bitcoin testnet coins with my regular bitcoin asic miner?

texts: Is it possible to use my bitcoin asic miner to mine testnet bitcoin coins? Is there special software I need? can I join a testnet pool or is there even such a thing?


texts: What impact on privacy does it have when a service like Coinbase starts using batching?

texts:
In the recent discussion of Coinbase's sending outage, the question was brought up how the privacy of Coinbase's customers would be affected if Coinbase started to use payment batching instead of sending each payment in a separate transaction.

It seems obvious that any recipient of a Coinbase withdrawal would be able to deduce that the other recipients also got money from Coinbase. However, this information seems to be readily available via publically available chain analysis results already: https://oxt.me/entity/tiid/483238635

What effects on privacy are to be considered when payments are batched? How does this affect the individual recipient's privacy? How does batching affect the privacy of the service provider?


texts: Must block contents be stored with the proof that they haven't been changed?

texts:
The replication of the block contents across all full nodes has been bothering me for some time.  Isn't the header of a block enough for me to validate the block contents if and when I get them (which I wouldn't until something told me that I need that block)?  When I get blocks, I can save them, but I suspect there are a large number of blocks I don't need.  I'd be willing to pay a small fee to get a block from someone else if that means I get an extra 20 GB on my hard drive indefinitely.

I guess this is a bit like an SPV client, but I have seen no middle ground, where a client has a bunch of seemingly random blocks (but they aren't random - they contain all the transactions required to prove the current holdings of the person running it).  If such a client existed, it could hold and update the UTXO set as each new block comes in, all block headers, blocks important to the operator's acquaintances, and blocks the operator thinks might be valuable.

If we are trusting the network to provide the hashing power that prevents changes to the data in the blockchain, can't we also trust the network to provide the data itself?  Hashpower is valuable right now because of A) the subsidy, and B) transaction fees.  It makes sense to me that storage space is also valuable.  But while transaction fees are generally designed to cover that cost, they are allocated to hashpower rather than those providing storage.

Finally, if I had the complete UTXO set as of some previous block, and I've watched all the changes to it represented by all the blocks since (without necessarily permanently storing them), then I can determine whether or not any incoming transaction is valid.  I think the storage requirements for a client that does this are well under 10% of the storage requirements of a full node right now.

Am I missing something?


texts:
Does anyone know of any good paid or open source software solutions for displaying Bitcoin charts on a customer facing website?

There are three main types of charts we want to offer at this stage:

MtGox Live style (not sure what this type of chart is called but would love to know if someone does?)
Candlestick Charts like at http://bitcoincharts.com/charts
Basic line graphs like at http://blockchain.info/charts

I have to date found the following:

Google charts https://developers.google.com/chart/ These unfortunately don't really cut it.
StatsMix http://www.statsmix.com/ The pricing a little higher than I wanted to pay for this solution.

As for where to get the data feeds I am okey with this. It's only the web facing charts that I need to find a solution toif anyone has come across before?


texts: Conflicted transactions in blockchain reorganizations

texts:
When my service detects a conflicted transaction (either sent or received) it rollbacks everything that was logically built upon this transaction. The "problem" is that transactions can go from category conflicted to sent/received if a blockchain reorganization happens, so my question is how long (how many blocks) should my service wait in order to be positive that a conflicted transaction will never  get included into a block?

I have found this question to be helpful: What is the longest blockchain fork that has been orphaned to date?


texts:
Why commitment transactions can't simply be HTLCs instead of contracts revocable by having the second half of the Revocable Private Key? I mean, why bother to create a Revocable Public Key from two halves of Alice's and Bob's private keys and when invalidating a transaction sharing the other half, when both Alice and Bob could create two transactions, both revocable with two separate keys known only to Alice and Bob, which later would be exchanged in order to invalidate old transactions?

Edit: My current understanding of how commitment transactions work

Both Alice (A) and Bob (B) create opposite transactions:

TX_A:

5 BTC -> B
if RK_A
  5 BTC -> B
else if 1k blocks later
  5 BTC -> A
(Signed by B)

TX_B:

5 BTC -> A
if RK_B
  5 BTC -> A
else if 1k blocks later
  5 BTC -> B
(Signed by A)

Where RK_A is A's revocation key. Now if TX_A and TX_B are valid, neither B has RK_B, nor A has RK_B. Therefore, both of them can sign their respective transactions and "get out" of this channel after 1k blocks without risk of loosing all their BTC.

However, once both A and B decide to forget about the old balance they have to invalidate TX_A and TX_B. They do this by A revealing RK_A to B and B revealing RK_B to A. This way, if for instance A signs TX_A and broadcasts it to the Bitcoin network, B can provide RK_A and claim additional 5 BTC.

Now the process of creating and revealing RK_X seems to be involved, and my questions therefore is, why not simply have some random numbers in place of RK_A and RK_B that only A and B knows and which are later exchanged when TX_A and TX_B need to be invalidated?


texts:
Does Electrum provides any API? If yes, please let me know if there's any dedicated documentation available.

Also, does Electrum support Bitcoin Cash?

Purpose:
I want to integrate Electrum into my application for wallet service and seeding capabilities. I'm planning to run full node for BCH and BTC.


texts: Bitcoin mining may reduce the lifespan of my video card?

texts:
I'm not using a mining-dedicated videocard, i'm using my only video card (Radeon 6850) and i'm getting around 0.11 btc/24h.

My concern is about reducing the lifespan of (or even burning) my video card with this.


texts:
I'm trying to run a simple script to connect to a Bitcoin peer, like this one:

var bitcore = require('bitcore-lib')
var p2p = require('bitcore-p2p')
var Peer = p2p.Peer;

var peer = new Peer({host: 'localhost', port: 18333, network: Networks.testnet})
peer.on('connect', function () { console.log('connect'); })
peer.on('ready', function(){  console.log('ready'); });
peer.on('disconnect', function() {  console.log('connection closed'); });
peer.connect()

However, the connection seems to never be established.
I only get the 'connect' and the 'connection closed' output, but not 'connected'.
The port I set is the one in the Bitcore config file.

Can someone please help me figure out what is the problem?


texts: What is the rate limit of the Esplora instance blockstream.info

texts:
Blockstream.info provides a free API, for example: https://blockstream.info/testnet/api/tx/d4b1add055db58343500157a6525a73ceb9c8850f0fb435f1f60071e8cad6540
I would like to know what the rate limit for this Esplora instance is?


texts:
I made a Crypto purchase from Shapeshift yesterday, which was fulfilled by one of their partners called BANXA. I just received an email saying "Your order has been fulfilled and you will receive your bitcoin shortly in the address provided" with a link opening to Block explorer. With a QR code and two buttons "Payment request" and "Donation". And a Bech32 (P2WPKH) 42 Alphanumerical code that I got no clue how to use.
I have contacted their support. Opened wallets in Portis, Electrum, Blockchain and Coinomi but with no idea how to receive that 42 code to one of my wallets. How do I get it to move?
Thank you :)


texts:
Just for the sake of trying I installed Litecoin-Qt 0.6.3c on Ubuntu.
And for sure I started solo-mining.

The thing is, that the only thing I see is

[17:45:34] - Solo mining started

I am curious to find out with what speed am I mining, but looking into different tabs I have found no answer.

Is there a way to find my hashrate? Am I missing something?


texts: Does Bitcoin wallet encryption also protect my sending and receiving addresses?

texts:
Bitcoin wallet encryption makes sure (by encrypting the private keys with a passphrase) that someone who finds your computer or your Dropbox or your backup drive (including wallet.dat) cannot spend your coins.

Does this also protect my receiving addresses (which I may not want to be associated with to protect my pseudonymity, and finding them in my wallet would remove plausible deniability)? And how about the aliases I have associated to sending addresses, which might breach confidentiality with my business partners?

If not, what additional steps do I need to take?


texts: Is there a way to force fail the transaction in testnet network

texts:
I would like to test my application with all the edge cases. Could you please tell me is there a way to force fail the transaction in the testnet blockchain so I can test if my application handles that case correctly.

Thank you for the answers in advance.


texts: Empirical analysis of blockchain branches: once every 380 blocks?

texts:
I've completed an empirical analysis of blockchain forks from block #300000 thru #400000. I found the following: (a) blockchain forks of length 1: observed every 380 blocks on average; (b) blockchain forks of length 2: none observed.

I recognize there is variation inherent in any such analysis, as different full nodes may produce different results.

Does the above data "ring true"? I am keen to hear from anyone with good data (or even good intuition) and especially eager to hear from anyone with different numbers.


texts: about 4 days ago I received 1 bitcoin from localbitcoins.com since then in history it says.....unverified + 1 confirmation. I have switched servers as per forum advice and so far nothing has changed. I want to deposit to another address but am terrified to do it. Please note I am no techie, I copied and pasted my deposit address for this transaction on ?a blockchain thing and it is there, how can speed up the confirmation to get my history to say verified, do I have to donate some coin to the blockchain or what? Please if you can help do so in the most simplistic terms only.....thank you


texts: Is there an OS X desktop client for BlockChain.info?

texts: I know it may be  possible to achieve on Bitcoin-Qt app but don't want to download the whole blockchain into my laptop. I just want a desktop GUI for my BlockChain.info wallets. Is this possible? If so, what client does that?


texts: How to confirm a Bitcoin transaction to primedice.com

texts: I made a bitcoin transaction to primedice.com. How do I confirm it through this website?


texts: Will DHS eventually stop wire transfers to/from Mt Gox?

texts: This past week the US Dept of Homeland Security stopped all Dwolla transfers to/from Mt Gox.  Do wire transfers to/from Mt Gox still work?  Will the US DHS eventually shut down wire transfers to/from Mt Gox?


texts: Which cryptocurrencies are better suited to users with limited bandwidth?

texts:
I'd like to try my hand at cryptocurrencies, but have limited bandwidth. Which cryptocurrencies are best suited to users such as me? Why?

Due to the high bandwidth costs, I expect cryptocurrencies to not be profitable for me, so my main priority here is to try my hand at a few of them without using up too much bandwidth. I'm not sure if this makes much difference to bandwith use, but I'd like to try my hand at mining and trading.


texts: Should I continue using this Bitcoin Doubler?

texts: I saw an advertisement of CryptoX2 recently, and tested out the website. They promise to double deposits within 24 hours. The first time I used it, they paid me fully, and the second time worked too, but I have heard a lot of stories about similar sites being scams, so I am wondering if this is one of them, or if not, how the site works? Does it wait until the amount I deposit gets higher before not returning any money?


texts: Duplicate ANY transaction from Bitcoin to Bitcoin Cash.. is it possible?

texts:
After the hard fork happened on 1 August and Bitcoin Cash was created the blockchain diverged in two. Any transaction before 1 August made on the main blockchain now is available on Bitcoin Cash chain.

So my question is:

What will happen if I random pick any transaction from the bitcoin blockchain after 1 August from random block and push it to Bitcoin Cash nodes? Will this transaction get approved?


texts: How does one submit a transaction to the network using the blockchain.info API?

texts: I am currently working on a project which makes use of the blockchain.info api (php). Could anybody please tell me how to use this api to submit transactions to the network?


texts: Separate wallets sharing the same blockchain?

texts: Since the blockchain is such a large file, I'd like to have more than 1 account on the same computer share it.  Is that possible?


texts: Largest Bitcoin transaction fee ever paid?

texts: What was the largest transaction fee ever paid? Assuming that payment was an accident was the sender able to contact the miner who mined that block and negotiate a full or partial refund?


texts: What incentive do miners have to respect the Replace-By-Fee flag?

texts: Couldn't a miner treat all transactions in their mempool as if they had Replace-By-Fee enabled? After all they could always claim that they hadn't seen the original transaction.


texts: Shortest and Longest block interval time ever recorded in Bitcoin

texts:
Bitcoin block interval time is on average 10 minutes, that is the difficulty is adjusted in such a way that every 10 minutes a miner will manage to find the right hash. This is just an average time though, the actual distribution for time confirmation is Poissonian.

What is the shortest and longest block interval ever recorded in Bitcoin?


texts: What if two public keys have the same hash？

texts:
What if two public keys have the same hash? Although the chance is very very small, I am still interested in what would happen.

Suppose that Alice makes a transaction to Bob using Pay To Public Key Hash (P2PKH) style signature script.

But Carmen has another public key, and the hash of Carmen's public key and Bob's are the same.

When Carmen turns on the Bitcoin wallet software, is there any extra balance?

Can Carmen spend the balance?


texts: Is it possible for a person's transaction to show up on the network BEFORE mine if I send bitcoins before him?

texts:
To clarify, if person A sends bitcoins to person B, and person C sends bitcoins to person D, 1 second (or less), AFTER person A, can person C's transaction show up on the network BEFORE person A's? If so can you explain how?

Edit: By "show up on the network" i mean get on the blockchain. Example: If A and C both sent to the same address, but C sent his 1 second (or less) later, then if i go to blockchain.info and look at the recipients transactions, is it possible to see C's transaction before A's (even if it is unconfirmed)


texts: How to create multi-user bitcoin wallet using UTXO?

texts: We are developing bitcoin wallet for multi-user. We are using Bitcoin core as Bitcoin wallet. Bitcoin core is generating random address. we cannot show balance because After one transaction rest of user's balance goes to a new address. so we can not show the real balance of any user? But we can not use old accounting system. How to create multi-user bitcoin wallet using UTXO and show user address balance.


texts: How we decode output address from Bitcoin genesis transaction

texts:
Accordingly to blockchain.info, the first bitcoin transaction ever spends 50 BTC to the address 1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa.

The pubkey script of that transaction is

PUSHDATA(65)[04678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5f] CHECKSIG'

The hash160 of 1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa is 62e907b15cbf27d5425399ebf6f0fb50ebb88f18, but I don't see any occurrences of it in pubkey script above (yes, I'm aware about endianness issues). How could Blockchain.info ever know that an output of that transaction is 1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa?


texts: How can i double spend from my unconfirmed transaction for more than 5 days

texts:
I deposited 0.042105059 BTC from my bitcoin account (1KDcKTBTLWnLUED6yMA4Huj5CfzgKfuvJF) to Livecoin.net account.
(1DaHJ3ewQ3XBDxTLFQ4U9E9C4z8w9uEvGW) about 5 days ago but it is still unconfirmed in blockcain.
The transaction has 0/3 confirmations in blockchain and still pending.
https://blockchain.info/tx/4e19db9b29df ... 756396858c
I learned that it because of lower fee. How can cancel or double my coins.
Could any miner here push my transaction for me.


texts: Best tutorial and info on setting up ASIC Mining USB Block Erupters to join a mining pool?

texts: I just got my usb block erupters and I was wondering what is the best tutorial on setting this up to join a mining pool? I'm currently on Windows. I want to be able to mine other alt-coins that uses SHA-256.


texts:
I know Bitcoin supports HD wallets. In simple terms, child keys are generated for the private and public keys. And the child key can be used to restore a wallet.

I was wondering whether this kind of mechanism is available for XRP?

Or is that only specific to Bitcoin?

If XRP has HD wallet support, which wallets provide that feature?


texts: Can I delete /home/USER/bitcoin after successfully installing bitcoind?

texts: I wonder if I can delete the git folder I cloned after I did the installation. Probably yes, right? Do people do this? Or is it more usefull to update the git after some time and then build bitcoind again?


texts:
I want to mine Litecoin on an ATI 7950 while being able to play on my GTX 680.

Is this possible ? If yes then how ?


texts: Does a private key always generate the same public key and address?

texts:
It seems like depending on the method you get different public keys and addresses when using bitcoin-ruby with the same private key. I am probably doing something wrong, but I am not sure where it is...

I can generate a private key, public key, and address using

def generate_address
  private_key, public_key = Bitcoin::generate_key
  address = Bitcoin::pubkey_to_address(public_key)
  [private_key, public_key, address]
end

And, as an example, this could generate:

priv_key= "9d524654045c891327a1dc0c329bcd42311b1767b81d7e997486e841ca5a2a87"
publ_key = "04353457464a32ede1b80fd7299f616320b52cc22796cd27d5b41594f418c2ea26dfeec97273f89b2d908a44fce981ff19f2e2de1408538bb0c0528992ce47f3be"
address = "n1693JDDu5ukbtNh2sHXdZSobKnVEpdtjL"

However, if I then put the private key into another function which generates the key details in a different way, I get a different address! Why is this?

def key_details(prikey)
  #returns prikey, prikey_hash58, pubkey_hash58, pubkey_uncompressed, address as a hash
  my_key = Bitcoin::Key.new(prikey)
  # binding.pry
  { prikey:prikey,
    prikey_base58:my_key.to_base58,
    pubkey_58:my_key.pub,
    pubkey: my_key.pub_uncompressed,
    address:my_key.addr
  }
end


texts: Do I have to backup only wallet.dat or should I backup anything else to have my coins safe?


texts: I sent my Bitcoin to an old address of mine but can’t figure out how to receive it I’ve the address is not open in my receiving tab but is under file receiving addresses


texts: Sending getblocks message but not getting inv message response

texts:
I am building my own bitcoin client, and I have most of the protocol working from https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_Specification.

I successfully make a connection with the version and verack commands. And when I send a ping, I get back a pong with the same nonce.

The problem I am having now is that I don't get the expected response to my getblocks message. I build the block locator using the hash of the genesis block header, and I serialize the message and send it.

But then I don't get the inv message with MSG_BLOCK like I expect.

These are the raw bytes that I send as my getblocks message:

f9beb4d9676574626c6f636b73000000450000008634d5ae0100000001000000000019d6689c085ae165831e934ff763ae46a2a6c172b3f1b60a8ce26f0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

This is built following the specification here https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_Specification#getblocks.


texts: sidechains: alphad, claim-on-sidechain error from alpha-tx: not found

texts:
following the instructions in the alpha-README.md file on GitHub
got an error on the claim-on-sidechain part
anyone dealt with it before?

    ./elements/contrib/sidechain-manipulation.py claim-on-sidechain 2N8qM71fbG1DiWcuDCLP7negcKq3X1rmhyE 2452357eb5e1e471378ebda207e4305b d93beb30b86971b79b9cac9e42d5bd0ed3ad66354e9d6c006ee39fb2ae1d52b9

Redeeming from utxo 4a466058a8754698a95ff29bc8bece97e1e131dfda29f76d30c958903fd85eb0:1 (value 20994180.93597788, refund 20994180.68597788)
sh: 1: /home2/CRYPTO/elements/contrib/../../alpha-tx: not found
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./elements/contrib/sidechain-manipulation.py", line 235, in <module>
    assert(cht.close() == None)
AssertionError


texts: What open source miner applications are there? Especially to see how the mining process works.


texts: In which file node rpc details stored in Insight-api

texts:
Bitpay insight api  https://github.com/bitpay/insight-api allows blockchain epxlore functionality

I cant find the files in which insight-api store the rpc details ?


texts:
I had Multibit installed on my last mac computer around April 2013, that computer broke and I have had the hard drive recovered. I now have the files from that past Multibit on my new mac, including files named multi bit.wallet and multi bit-xxxxxxxxxx.wallet.

How do I go about recovering my bitcoin on my new computer?


texts: How can I start off-block transaction in LoafWallet?

texts: Lightening network promise, basic principle is, transaction not need to add to blockchain but cumulate them and submit all together for a reduced amount of fee. How can I choose such an option in LoafWallet? I have not seen such an option in the app.


texts: I am looking to download a POS (Proof Of Stake) files to create my new altcoin, but all the instructions I found online is for the POW (Proof Of Work) and without any instructions for the blockchain. Can someone help please, or provide links?


texts: What transaction was processed in the beginning?

texts:
If there were very few coins available and people had to "mine" before they earned coins in the beginning.

What were they mining if there were no transactions to process? ie. no one had any coins to spend and if you arent spending there aren't any transactions to process to earn points. Seems like a chicken and egg scenario.


texts: Additional Bitcoins sent during a transaction

texts:
Ive spent a lot of time reading threads but can't find anything that matches/explains this transaction that has got me worried:
I sent 0.05 BTC from my Bitcoin core wallet to my coinbase wallet, but it has remained unconfirmed for 7 days (and counting now) because I set the transaction fee too low.
I was expecting this transaction to be rejected and the coins to be returned, but after checking the transaction status and the balance of my wallet, I found that actually 0.09 bitcoin has been deducted. Yet the value of the transaction is 0.05.
Checking the hash:
4e64fba96a31aaaa623a02f053db49924849127736e2ccce83e0bc254aefa8e4
I have seen that there is a second receive address in the transaction, one that I didnt specify, and which is set to receive 0.04 btc.
And this has got me a little anxious.
Apologies if this has already been well explained, but if anyone can shed some light on what has happened here, I'd really appreciate it.
Thanks


texts: Bitcoin resistance against forged slow chain

texts:
I'm implementing a new protocol with a custom blockchain, and I'm trying to figure out what is the correct way to deal with the "slow chain" problem.

In the Bitcoin protocol, nodes constantly gossip the newest block and try to produce a block after it. However, it sometimes happens that concurrent branches emerge, and from time to time nodes have to perform a rollback, 2 or 3 blocks into the past.

As we know, block difficulty depends on the time differences between blocks. A malicious entity can easily forge a chain of arbitrarily many blocks by simply starting from the genesis block and producing blocks with consecutive timestamps differing by more than 10 minutes. This way the difficulty would never increase, and the chain can be produced cheaply.

Of course, as a result of this approach, timestamps in the forged chain would increase much faster than in the real chain. This would cause the forged chain to be discarded by nodes, as legal blocks must have timestamps less than or equal to current timestamp (plus/minus some tolerance).

But the problem is:

Alice controls a bitcoin node, and has 500,000 blocks in storage. Bob advertises that he has 600,000 blocks, but the last common ancestor has number 1000. Bob's chain is a forged slow chain, but Alice does not know it. Alice wants to download Bob's blocks and check if these are correct.

QUESTION: How can Alice detect that Bob's chain is invalid before actually storing it?

Approach 1: A downloads all blocks after the last common ancestor with B, checks if everything is correct, and if all seems to be ok, reverts storage state by undoing block changes till reaching common ancestor, and then applying newly received blocks.

In our case, Alice would start downloading 599,000 blocks and eventually find out that the timestamp is too big. She would need to store the tentative chain in memory (possibly expensive) and check all the conditions. She would waste a lot of time, and every troll can trick her to do so.

Approach 2: A reverts the storage to the a common ancestor advertised by B, then tries to apply the blocks received from B as they come.

In our case, Alice reverts her storage back to block 1000, applies operations received from Bob, eventually discards a block with illegal timestamp, reverts back to common ancestor, and aplies the blocks she had before communicating with Bob. Again, time and resources wasted.

Approach 3: A can only revert a fixed, small number of blocks in the past. This way, B can do minimal damage, and forging a slow chain is very costly.

But in the case of a long-term network partition (split brain), the network parts would diverge and never achieve consensus on which chain is the longest. This situation would require manually removing records from storage.

Approach 4: A stores all the blocks ever observed, (including abandoned branches), and dynamically keeps track of which branch is the longest. This approach, while safe, requires a lot of storage space and is tricky to implement efficiently.

I'm leaning towards the third approach, but I'm wondering how is this being solved in various bitcoin clients.

I've seen that the core client stores only the longest chain and skips the orphaned blocks. The details of leveldb-based storage are described here:

What are the keys used in the blockchain levelDB (ie what are the key:value pairs)?

Thank you very much for your help.


texts: Deterministic keys with one-way operation

texts:
BIP 0032 "Security Implications" states

  One weakness that may not be immediately obvious, is that knowledge of
  a parent extended public key plus any non-hardened private key
  descending from it is equivalent to knowing the parent extended
  private key (and thus every private and public key descending from
  it).

From what I understand, the weakness is due to the reversible nature of the operation on extended public key (addition). Wouldn't it be possible to address this by using a one-way function like hashing instead of addition?


texts: Get any bitcoin wallet balance without other api

texts: I have installed bitcoind. Now I'd like get any address balance, number of ingoing transactions and amount of ingoing BTC. What is the best to do it? I didn't found way to do it using RPC bitcoin api.


texts: Speculation on rate differences between different exchanges

texts:
Lately there have been quite a bit selling/buying rate differences between different BTC exchanges. Now some of this can be explained by the fact that different exchanges operate based on different real world currencies and there is nothing to it, as the currency switches will diminish all or most differences between BTC rates.

However, since some of the exchanges base their operations on the same real world currency and yet still have noticeable difference between exchange rates, this opens up an interesting possibility for speculation. Note that I haven't done this on a big scale and do not recommend that anyone short on cash does any actual experimentation with this.

So here is a thought and the question. What prevents from X doing the following: first buy BTC from exchange A with real world currency M, then seconds after BTC has settled to X's wallet, he/she then proceeds to put BTCs on sale on echange B for the same real world currency BTC was bought with from exchange A; now assuming, for example, that exchange A's selling rate is N and B's buying rate is N+20USD, this sounds as real as any day trading.

Now what I wonder is that is this really exploitable in money-making sense or do the delays with transactions or some other mechanisms prevent anyone benefiting from different exchange rates on different exchanges?


texts: Does a Vanity Address reduce the randomness / entropy of the private key? Is there cryptographic proof?

texts:
Since a vanity address discards many "valid" keys in order to find one that matches a pre-determined string, I think that the "randomness" of the data would be reduced, thus weakening the key.

Is there any cryptographic proof that indicates how this is / is not a factor in reducing the security of a given address & private key combination?

... or at the very least calculate the degree of "lost randomness"?


texts: Why is a cyclic subgroup chosen in ECDSA?

texts:
One thing which I am wondering for a long time and to which I did not find an answer after doing a web search and hope to find an answer here.

When we construct the elliptic curve over a prime field why do we actually select a cyclic subgroup instead of taking the entire group of the elliptic curve?

On a side note the thing that confuses me most about this choice: We know that the cyclic subgroup of prime order p is isomorphic to Z/pZ and finding the isomorphism would mean solving the discrete log.

Switching to a cyclic group seems actually rather like making the problem easier in comparison to staying with the full elliptic curve.


texts: Is it possible to execute a double-spending attack in Ripple during a network split?

texts:
From the spec (emphasis added):

  Under a net split, a ledger may be closed by the minority of network, this ledger may be discarded in the future.

Does this mean it would be possible to spend twice, once on each side of the split?

Even if the transaction is merely rejected later, you could trick a merchant into accepting your payment, then take delivery, and then let the network reject the transaction once the split is resolved. Is this correct? How would the minority of the nodes know that they're separated from the rest of the network?


texts: In Zcash, what statements do zkSNARKs prove?

texts:
Zcash uses zkSNARKs to hide transaction details. My understanding is that the verifier is anyone that maintains the blockchain. My questions are:

If I decide to send x amount of Zcash to another user, what is the statement that zkSNARKs will hide?
In particular, is the transaction graph still public?


texts:
When you sign up at MtGox, they say: please fill out the following to avoid your account getting locked.  They're referring to the member verification process (using govt ID and utility bill).

But under what circumstances will they lock my account if I cannot provide verification docs at the moment?  And what does "locked" prevent me from doing?  Does it prevent me from, for example, transferring BTC to another exchange or wallet?


texts: When I exit SSH session bitcoind goes down

texts:
I'm using Ubuntu 12.04.

I've tested several scripts that try to get bitcoind running on startup but none have worked out for me.

I'm getting a little bit desperate because I can't even get bitcoind running once I exit my SSH session.

Any clues on how to get bitcoind running once I exit the SSH session?

Best Regards,


texts: Why did Bitcoin transaction volume heavily increase in November and December of 2011?

texts:
Looking at this chart:
http://blockchain.info/charts/estimated-transaction-volume

It's clear that the amount of bitcoins moved between November 14th and December 12th of 2011 was much larger than any previous month, even compared to the big boom in September.

The number of transactions is about the same as previous months. This implies a few big transactions or generally large transactions. What is the reason for this?


texts:
I did not have any idea about bitcoin but I wanted to get in, I met this guy who knew about it on facebook asked him if he could help. he sent me the link on blockchain to signup showed me how to buy coin from a merchant, I did as he said. everything was on going, later told me to give him my id and password so he can connect to a miner i asked y he said to make it possible to profit. so i did, which was my biggest mistake but i did not know then. my blockchain was growing close to $10000 trying to withdraw was the only problem. there was always a privatekey for to go ahead but i never got it. when ever i ask him he tills me to invest more to be able to withdraw. i woke up one day and all my profit was gone also when i gain profit it shows on my phone but doesn't appear on my portfolio i knew it was my id and password i gave this guy cause me damage. he doesn't reply my messages any more.

I know i cant get the coins back if any of u can help me redeem my account to show the profit i continue to get . all my profit was $27,830 but i never got a $ out of it.....some address are also on watch with profit close to $800 i just need support so i can support my mum. am out of collage cant get on rent even meal a day i will be grateful with any help.....somethings i feel like doing something to myself all depress everyday coz i have no one to talk to.....i just need a normal life .....will be grateful for help out...thank you.

please do not go no with this guy on facebook and anywhere for help name {DESCOMM OSAS he's a nigerian but says he live in California}, he's heartless


texts:
What happened to Bitcoin testnet?
Confirmation time is very short.

10 confirmation occurred in three minutes.

I use Bitcoin core v0.16.0 (64-bits)


texts: I’ve created address in bitcoin core from rpc and send some bitcoins on it, but my balance still zero. Transaction exists I’ve checked on blockchain info. Getaddressinfo returns “ismine”: true, but getreceivedbyaddress returns zero


texts:
During the discussion of Bitcoin’s scalability, I’ve read the statement that

  "Large miners benefit from larger block sizes, because it makes it more difficult for small miners to compete." [1]

In the linked comment this is used as fact without explanation, but it isn’t obviously true at first glance. Please explain: Do larger blocks make it harder for smaller miners to compete? Why?


texts:
I am struggling greatly trying to figure out how to send a basic "PING" message, and receive back a "PONG" response.

import random
import hashlib
import socket
PEER_IP = "35.187.200.6"
PEER_PORT = 8333

nonce = (random.getrandbits(64)).to_bytes(8, byteorder="little", signed=False)

magic_number = bytes.fromhex("f9beb4d9")
command_name = bytes.fromhex("ping".encode("utf-8").hex() + ("00")*8)
payload_size = (int(len(nonce))).to_bytes(4, byteorder="little", signed=False)
checksum = hashlib.sha256(hashlib.sha256(nonce).digest()).digest()[:4]

final_msg = (
    magic_number
    + command_name
    + payload_size
    + checksum
    + nonce
)

sock = socket.socket()
sock.connect((PEER_IP, PEER_PORT))
sock.send(final_msg)
pong = sock.recv(1024)
print(pong)

I am following this YouTube tutorial, and added the socket layer myself.

The only response I get is

b''

Any insight into what I am doing wrong here, would be greatly appreciated.

Thanks


texts: Multibit password error: Could not decrypt bits

texts:
I am attempting to remove my password from my wallet in Multibit. However, everytime I try my password it says "The removal of the password has failed. The error is "could not decrypt bytes.""

I've tried searching online but I can't seem to figure out what this means/how to fix this.


texts:
I read somewhere (https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/bitcoin-dev/2014-May/005816.html) that Bitcoin Core is moving to an edge router role. Can anyone tell me why that is?
Edge routers in Bitcoin are services like exchanges, online wallets, etc if I'm correct, right?


texts: How does ScriptPubKey know the public key of an Bitcoin address?

texts:
I am currently having a blonde moment.

The ScriptPubKey provides a hashed version of the receivers public key.

  scriptPubKey  OP_DUP OP_HASH160  OP_EQUALVERIFY
  OP_CHECKSIG

However, if I give someone my bitcoin address to send me money - how does the sender retrieve my public key and then hash it? As the pubKeyHash != my bitcoin address

I am probably forgetting something very obvious - but it has had my head bambuzzled this morning.


texts:
Satoshi's paper says:

  Once the latest transaction in a coin is buried under enough blocks,
  the spent transactions before it can be discarded to save disk space.

What are spent transactions?


texts: Is there a reason SatoshiDice & BitLotto use 0.00543210 BTC, and not 1 satoshi, to customize pay-to addresses?

texts:
SatoshiDice and BitLotto allow players to customize where winnings are sent by including an extra 0.00543210 BTC payment to the desired address as part of the entry transaction.

Is there a technical reason they don't use a single satoshi (0.00000001 BTC) value instead?


texts: Are there any legitimate cloud mining services?

texts: Are there any cloud-mining services that you can earn Bitcoin with and aren't Ponzi schemes?


texts: Are nodes that don't accept inbound connections necessarily leechers?

texts:
Gavin Andresen and James Lopp seem to think that nodes that don't accept inbound connections could be called "leechers" in the same way a torrent leecher takes but doesn't give (or at least they did 5 years ago). I see no reason why leeching or seeding has anything to do with whether you accept inbound connections or not.

Is this actually true in some way I haven't thought of?


texts: agregate bitcoin addresses with tiny amounts into single wallet

texts:
I've got a dozen of addresses (+private keys) with very small amounts on them (0.001 to 0.01 btc). I found many hints and suggestion like this one but I cannot realize how to implement this.
Can anybody tell which way I can aggregate those addresses in order to send their total to an exchange?


texts:
The below code generate uncompressed address with and the Private key for this uncompressed address. How to generate compressed address with it's private key ?
I know there is packages like bitcoin and other generate both, but they generate it from random numbers and the below code generate it from word:
Thank you in advance
=============================
import codecs
import hashlib
import ecdsa
class BrainWallet:
@staticmethod
def generate_address_from_passphrase(passphrase):
    private_key = str(hashlib.sha256(
        passphrase.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest())
    address =  BrainWallet.generate_address_from_private_key(private_key)
    return private_key, address

@staticmethod
def generate_address_from_private_key(private_key):
    public_key = BrainWallet.__private_to_public(private_key)
    address = BrainWallet.__public_to_address(public_key)
    return address

@staticmethod
def __private_to_public(private_key):
    private_key_bytes = codecs.decode(private_key, 'hex')
    # Get ECDSA public key
    key = ecdsa.SigningKey.from_string(
        private_key_bytes, curve=ecdsa.SECP256k1).verifying_key
    key_bytes = key.to_string()
    key_hex = codecs.encode(key_bytes, 'hex')
    # Add bitcoin byte
    bitcoin_byte = b'04'
    public_key = bitcoin_byte + key_hex
    return public_key

@staticmethod
def __public_to_address(public_key):
    public_key_bytes = codecs.decode(public_key, 'hex')
    # Run SHA256 for the public key
    sha256_bpk = hashlib.sha256(public_key_bytes)
    sha256_bpk_digest = sha256_bpk.digest()
    # Run ripemd160 for the SHA256
    ripemd160_bpk = hashlib.new('ripemd160')
    ripemd160_bpk.update(sha256_bpk_digest)
    ripemd160_bpk_digest = ripemd160_bpk.digest()
    ripemd160_bpk_hex = codecs.encode(ripemd160_bpk_digest, 'hex')
    # Add network byte
    network_byte = b'00'
    network_bitcoin_public_key = network_byte + ripemd160_bpk_hex
    network_bitcoin_public_key_bytes = codecs.decode(
        network_bitcoin_public_key, 'hex')
    # Double SHA256 to get checksum
    sha256_nbpk = hashlib.sha256(network_bitcoin_public_key_bytes)
    sha256_nbpk_digest = sha256_nbpk.digest()
    sha256_2_nbpk = hashlib.sha256(sha256_nbpk_digest)
    sha256_2_nbpk_digest = sha256_2_nbpk.digest()
    sha256_2_hex = codecs.encode(sha256_2_nbpk_digest, 'hex')
    checksum = sha256_2_hex[:8]
    # Concatenate public key and checksum to get the address
    address_hex = (network_bitcoin_public_key + checksum).decode('utf-8')
    wallet = BrainWallet.base58(address_hex)
    return wallet

@staticmethod
def base58(address_hex):
    alphabet = '123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz'
    b58_string = ''
    # Get the number of leading zeros and convert hex to decimal
    leading_zeros = len(address_hex) - len(address_hex.lstrip('0'))
    # Convert hex to decimal
    address_int = int(address_hex, 16)
    # Append digits to the start of string
    while address_int > 0:
        digit = address_int % 58
        digit_char = alphabet[digit]
        b58_string = digit_char + b58_string
        address_int //= 58
    # Add '1' for each 2 leading zeros
    ones = leading_zeros // 2
    for one in range(ones):
        b58_string = '1' + b58_string
    return b58_string

passphrase = 'password'
wallet = BrainWallet()
private_key, address = wallet.generate_address_from_passphrase(passphrase)
print(f'passphrase: {passphrase}')
print(f'private key: {private_key}')
print(f'address: {address}')


texts: Building bitcoind from modified "selfish" code - possible? how?

texts:
For a long time I've been trying to find out ways for running a "selfish mine" algorithm on bitcoind's regtest mode.

Now I'm wondering if my plan is feasible, at all!?
So I'll just outline my planned procedure with the hope that I will get useful hints and won't get discouraged since I believe I can achieve my goal with the help of developers and investment of some extra time:

I'm intending to change Bitcoin Core 0.10.0 source code - or a more "suitable" version - in a way that after building bitcoind, in regtest the bitcoind server that is started acts as a selfish miner.
This selfish miner shall connect to other bitcoind nodes that are instances of bitcoind, built out of non-modified code.

My idea is to change a part of the code that communicates (e.g. inv message-part!?) with other nodes: as a selfish miner, newly found blocks should only be shared with other nodes dependent on the selfish mine algorithm so I thought of implementing control structures (if, while, etc.) that work with a comparison of inv message's amount of inventory entries or a similar comparison - e.g. selfish node has found a block and appends it to its inventory and doesn't publish this block if size(selfish.inventory) > size(honest.inventory).

Now a challenge for me is to find out which part of the source code to modify? Since it consists of multiple modules that define resembling functions, parameters etc.

I'm ready to read up big amount of code, but the problem is I don't know what part is relevant for my problem.

What do you think? Is my intention realistic? What are good approaches to a solution?


texts: Block number + bitcoin address -> Find transactions with bitcoind?

texts: If I have a block number and a bitcoin address -> Can I list all transactions for this address with an bitcoind command? Or mutliple commands?


texts:
I'm looking for the benchmarked hashrates of both a 1.0GHz Opteron 2007 CPU, as well as a 1.2GHz Xeon 2007 CPU. I looked here but didn't see them mentioned.

Also, on that references page, I don't see anything mentioned for how the hashrates were computed. What mining app is being used as the benchmarker for all those stats? Thanks in advance!


texts: Which is the best Bitcoin Vanity Address Generator?

texts:
Can someone please suggest a Bitcoin Vanity Address Generator which can generate at least six characters (ideally case sensitive). It would be even better if the generator could create seven or more characters. I don't mind paying a little but I would prefer the service to be free.

I am looking to create a Vanity Address like 1Bitcoin... but my system isn't powerful enough. I probably need one or more GPU cards.

There is a post on this topic from several years ago; I'd like something more contemporary if possible.

Thank you.


texts: Is it possible in bitcoin to start a smart contract preloaded with some amount of money. And if some other user is ready to pay to the smart contract a certain amount of money, the smart contract should release the preloaded amount of money in the smart contract to the user who paid to it ?


texts: How can I find a transaction on my Bittrex Ripple address with tag?

texts:
Bittrex didn't deposit the XRP due to some technical issues and now asking for transaction Id. How can I find the transactions on my Ripple address and tag that happened a few days back?

I tried looking up on Bithomp, XRP Charts, but nothing is that helpful. If there's an API which I can program, I can do that as well.

Please help, thank you!


texts: How to enable replace-by-fee via command-line in bitcoin-core?

texts: Alright, so I'm convinced replace-by-fee is a good thing. I've read it's opt-in, so how can I enable it in my bitcoin-core wallet? I don't find any flag to pass it when launching it. I want all my outgoing transaction have replace-by-fee enabled.


texts:
The Mt. Gox streaming API has a market depth channel. What is the "price" value given in that channel, and what does it represent?

Reference: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/MtGox/API/Streaming#Depth


texts:
There’s a lot of reference of "bitcoin node" in official FAQ or elsewhere.

But, what is exactly a bitcoin node ?

Is it a client like Bitcoin-qt or is it only a miner ? Or both ?


texts: Why do bitcoin: URLs not use "//", breaking "clickability"?

texts:
I want to have something like this in a plaintext e-mail:
Pay directly: bitcoin:addresshere?amount=0.001&label=Blablabla&message=Blablabla

But if I do that, it won't be "clickable", because the standard URL format would be:
Pay directly: bitcoin://addresshere?amount=0.001&label=Blablabla&message=Blablabla

Why does the bitcoin: URL scheme not use the // part? Is it intentional to not be clickable? Or am I wrong in my assumption that e-mail clients will not make it "clickable"?


texts: I can't access my wallet at Bitknock cloud mining anymore

texts:
I was doing mining with Bitknock but they closed the website without informing us.

I can't access my wallet. Here is my wallet address

fnwg643zjnfwsqks

What must I do now? Should I acknowledge that I lost my Bitcoins?


texts: Can the signers of a 2 of 3 multisig tx be identified later

texts:
For accountability reasons:

If public keys of each signer is known, can the 2 out of 3 parties be identified later, or just that it was some combination of the 3 parties?

If the 2 parties can not be identified, how should this be done if its necessary?


texts:
I understand the following

  Pooled mining is a mining approach where multiple generating clients
  contribute to the generation of a block, and then split the block
  reward according the contributed processing power. Pooled mining
  effectively reduces the granularity of the block generation reward,
  spreading it out more smoothly over time.

How does it work under the hood? What does the mining pool server do in terms of computation?

What do the mining workers do differently then if they would be mining solo?


texts: Which version of the JSON-RPC does Bitcoin use?

texts:
Which version of the JSON-RPC protocol does Bitcoin use? 1.0 or 2.0? (This question is asked, but that was almost 3 years ago. link)

If try to use version 2.0 all works well curl --data-binary '{"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id":"curltest", "method": "getinfo", "params": [] }' -H 'content-type: text/plain;' http://bitcasino:qwerty@127.0.0.1:8332/
But named parameters are not supported (or I dont know right parameter names).

Also I fount in bitcoind repo file with declared json-rpc error codes: link. Codes named as Standard JSON-RPC 2.0 errors Is it metioned parts, that not specified in 1.0?

So what is the official position now? Still 1.0 ?


texts: Why are my Bitcoin/Bitcoin Cash commands not working on SV?

texts:
Just trying to run some pretty simple commands on an SV node. Why am I getting this?

ey@BitcoinSV:~$ bitcoind -testnet
bitcoind: command not found


texts: Receiving donation on a bitcoin address and security issues of reusing the same address

texts:
I am running a blog and would like to receive donations from my followers. So I thought to add a bitcoin address on my "Support me"-page!

But on bitcoin.it, it is recommended to never reuse addresses, which is supported by citing not only Privacy concerns (not my concern here) but especially for security reasons.

So:

Is it safe to use (and thus reuse) the same address for all my donations?
If not, what are the best practices?


texts: Is Ripple's distributed exchange scalable?

texts:
This question asks about the scalability of Ripple in general, and has an ok answer.

However, it doesn't mention the distributed exchange built in Ripple. How is its current/future architecture designed to cope with scale?