texts: Problem in my bitcoin wallet, not sure why this glitch is happening

texts:
The other day, I found my old 2011 dell laptop and decided to boot it up. I noticed I had a bitcoin wallet on it and then I remembered I purchased bitcoins back in 2011 (about a couple dollars worth).

In the wallet there is 642 bitcoins, and my wallet says that is $1540800 USD. I am so shocked I am not even sure if this is a glitch or not. How can this be?? I havent touched this computer since 2011 nor ought any coins since then. Is this a bug in the blockchain?


texts: How do the clients agree on the target to hash for?

texts: Edit: They do not agree on a specific target hash. Any hash lower than or equal to the difficulty is sufficient. This means clients only have to agree on difficulty.


texts: Not totally cold but how cold and safe is it?

texts: If I put my btc in a wallet in a pc but never connect it to net unless i need to use btc, is it practically cold storage and how safe is it?


texts:
In many games, such as Lord Of Ultima, players can purchase a special type of currency with real money, as opposed to earning it in a game. This currency is then used to purchase premium items and services, which normally are unavailable to the players otherwise.

I am wondering whether it is feasible to use Bitcoins as a form of currency in a game? Are there any games out there that have already implemented that?


texts:
I can't easily and quickly determine from these wiki pages, 1 and 2, if the public key is included in the signed message.

Are public keys included in the signed message, or are they transmitted alongside the signatures, external to the signed message?


texts:
When you create a new wallet, there are 4 options, one being 'hardware wallet'. However, there is no mention of hardware wallets in the docs!
http://docs.electrum.org/en/latest/search.html?q=hardware&check_keywords=yes&area=default

How do it work? Does it communicate to the hardware wallet with a special protocol?


texts: Help me understand Instawallet better to trust it more!

texts:
I have read the FAQ. I like the idea it's only  a link, I don't need it to be more complicated than necessary. For me it doesn't matter to store a generated difficult password for an account or only a link. But this way the login process is easier and the developer seems to be working on some pretty innovative features which is cool.

Basically it all boils down with all these online wallets is how much you trust the people behind them, right? Of course, you don't store on them big money but it's a convenient way to spend some BTC.

One good question is who is behind Instawallet? Financially. It forms a network with Bitcoin Central, Instawire, Paytunia and Paymium, though the terms and guarantees are different. Instawallet comes with to guarantee but Bitcoin Central is a registered payment processor in France.

Why is it good that Instawallet "launders," or structures the money in various transaction sizes and through various Bitcoin addresses? Though, I can understand it'b beneficial for some (on the Silk Road market) but it takes up to 24 hours to receive funds which is a drawback. But hey it's free! I mean I don't really understand when the bitcoin network charges a transaction fee and when it isn't. If you can tell me in a newbie friendly way.

Also, in what cases Instawallet's green address is useful? For a simple product purchase in the Bitcoin marketplace you don't need one, right? Your funds can go from various addresses, you just receive a confirmation number from the merchant (just like with an online or offline credit card purchase) and that's what you need besides your funds being sent.


texts: Unable to remotely access lightning-charge

texts:
My setup is a little bit complicated and I'm almost sure that my problem is port related.

So I'm running Mac OS X 10.13.4 with Parallels Desktop with a Ubuntu 14.04 VM. I managed to setup bitcoin core in the VM, on top of it I installed c-lightning and managed to fund it with btc (All is happening on the testnet) which I used to open one channel with some random other node. Everything is perfect for now.

Because I want to use the LApp for WordPress Lightning-Publisher I Installed lightning-charge and started an HTTP server running on the default port 9112. All of my ports are correctly forwarded and in my bitcoin.conf file I have allowed all ips. If I run Mozilla in my Ubuntu VM and go to http://api-token:mySecretToken@localhost:9112/info everything is fine, but when I try this on my Mac I get Can't open the page because the server unexpectedly dropped the connection. If I try using my external ip it's the same thing.

Using several sites to check if my ports are correctly forwarded I get that all corresponding ports are open (18332 for BTC core, 9735 for c-lightning and 9112 for lightning-charge).

Here is my bitcoin.conf

testnet=1
server=1
rpcallowip=0.0.0.0/0
rpcuser=someuser
rpcpassword=somepass

addnode=104.237.131.138
addnode=151.80.205.132
addnode=192.155.82.123
addnode=74.220.255.190
addnode=80.100.203.151

here is my lightning config

network=testnet
alias=IVCHOBIVCHO
port=9735
rgb=008000

Proof that 9112 is open:

Proof that lightning-charge opens from inside the VM:

And in Safari on my mac (using localhost:9112 returns the same error):

Neither Ubuntu, nor my Mac are under any kind of Firewall. My router is TP-Link


texts:
I've a macbook pro and I tried to mine, but there is a problem, I can mine only with CPU because I get the error

No OpenCL-compatible GPUs detected
2013.04.11 [15:16]  Lacking OpenCL support. If you want to use GPUs, please install the latest drivers from your graphics card manufacturer.
2013.04.11 [15:17]  Warning: Electricity-wasting slow CPU implementation in use

How can I use my GPU??


texts: Can you retrieve funds send to a legacy address created with a Segwit extended private key imported in Mycelium from a Ledger Nano S?

texts:
I imported a segwit xpub6-key in Mycelium as a watch only address. It only shows address starting with 1 instead of 3, which makes sense. I retrieved a small amount on the legacy address and it shows up in Mycelium and on block explorers.

But as a watch only address, I cannot touch it in Mycelium, but it does not show up in my Ledger applications, as those are only showing the Segwit addresses.

So, is there any way of ever touching that funds again?

I found a lot of comments on sending funds from a non-segwit to segwit address, but nothing on this interesting problem.

I have to add some info:
- when I derive the account extended public key from other wallets but the Ledger-wallets I get an ypub6-address, which is also showing up when I write my mnemonic key in iancoleman.io (mnemonic code converter)
- technically I should not have been able to import a BIP49 public key into a non segwit wallet. Where does the xpub6-key come from in Ledger's system when you use your Segwit account (it shows the correct xpub6-key when I use the legacy account)


texts: How does timejacking enable double spending?

texts:
http://culubas.blogspot.com/2011/05/timejacking-bitcoin_802.html

I went over this blog, but I am still not clear how double spending is achieved by this attack. From what I read, the attackers submit wrong timestamps to a target node. During this period, the target wouldn't receive legitimate transactions confirmation because the target node is behind network's median time. However, I am not clear how double spending can be achieved from this.


texts: What is ccache? When should I use it when building and reviewing Bitcoin Core PRs?

texts: What is ccache? Can you provide some guidance on when to use it for building Bitcoin Core PRs and how to use it?


texts: Can I use the same seed words for two wallets?

texts:
I like the security of a local wallet, but at the same time I don't like the limited access. So I'm thinking I'll install the same wallet software on a second computer at my office and use the same seed words. This should get me access to the same private keys both at home and the office. I'll be the only person using the wallets, so accidental double sending won't happen. I don't know if transactions created on one wallet will show on the other, however, but I don't care to much about that.

Are there any potential issues with this that I'm not seeing?

I'll be using Electrum and Coinomi through Bluestacks, both on Windows 7.


texts:
JBOK (just a bunch of keys) wallets generate the keys independently from each other.
In contrast, HD wallets are hierarchical and deterministic: They need a seed (e.g. a couple of words) and can generate the keys with that. This allows HD wallets to have a convenient backup mechanism: Just store the seed (e.g. 12 words with Trezor Model T, 25 words as with Trezor Model One, 24 words, 12/24 words with Exodus, 12 words for coinbase, 12 word for Electrum). I'm uncertain if any of those wallets use it, but the procedure is described in BIP 32 / BIP 39 / BIP 44.
Every single wallet I've checked is a HD wallet. Do JBOK wallets (still) exist? Do they have advantages over HD wallets?
For example, I could imagine that JBOK wallets are more secure because they are simpler. Are there any known issues that come from the way the keys were derived / errors in the implementation?


texts: Why I can't see the balance increasing in my wallet?

texts:
I wrote this function using bitcoinJ

public Wallet getWallet(ECKey ecKey) {
        Wallet wallet = walletAppKit.wallet();
        wallet.importKey(ecKey);
        wallet.addEventListener(new AbstractWalletEventListener() {
            @Override
            public synchronized void onCoinsReceived(Wallet w, Transaction tx, Coin prevBalance, Coin newBalance) {
                System.out.println("\nReceived tx " + tx.getHashAsString());
                System.out.println(tx.toString());
                System.out.println(wallet.getBalance());
            }
        });
        System.out.println("Address created:" + ecKey.toAddress(wallet.getNetworkParameters()));
        return wallet;
    }

Basically I am preparing the wallet to be used. I go to one of those testnet faucets to send some coinst to that wallet, and the event reaches the listener but prints that the balance in the wallet is 0.
This is what I see in the terminal:

  3376017266d6e2924ae578c8af752edd5ccc9371c38a3b9304f149dfaba36f99: Seen
  by 2 peers. Pending/unconfirmed.
       in   PUSHDATA(72)[3045022100cd0f19af359abb49c429974122d2baa2d29d3975018b19d18a972d934d508e0e02207b42c2a07ddc540382266f03586299926fecf35c3f998609d1e229e7bf52df8801]
  PUSHDATA(33)[0363f08c5d814459ea2b8d0109b791cbd762ce266b9b6f2e02802d4934bf09d2a6]
            outpoint:e636ba115d9f0222e04a78cd856ebf0b184ba1a5279ecc1331241e30d44b28a3:0
       out  DUP HASH160 PUSHDATA(20)[5e9b9195b7aee85b53ade382f4f444a9d2522e26] EQUALVERIFY
  CHECKSIG 0.05922 BTC
       out  DUP HASH160 PUSHDATA(20)[4a88f0063671c6ddd1a3faa121d1b69f82f8dc82] EQUALVERIFY
  CHECKSIG 0.001 BTC

  Sep 17, 2015 11:29:17 PM org.bitcoinj.wallet.WalletFiles saveNow INFO:
  Saving wallet, last seen block is
  556391/00000000096e9b05c0986940553240db3d497900881bcc22df8bdad39144b053
  Sep 17, 2015 11:29:17 PM org.bitcoinj.wallet.WalletFiles
  saveNowInternal INFO: Save completed in 98msec 0

So why getBalance() is returning me 0? Do I need to wait longer? How long?
Because I sued the debugger and i called wallet.getBalance() again and again but I don't see it changing, its always 0.


texts:
I'm curious about traditional bitcoin mining, before pooling.  Did an older version of the bitcoin wallet found on sourceforge have a mining feature built in which worked on a simple macbook?  if so was this later removed in favor of pooling software?

From what I've read the traditional bitcoin wallet had a mining feature which could be used on a macbook, and I'm wondering if that code would still be possible to use, even if it never wins any bitcoin..


texts: How do I lookup Blockchain sizes for crypto-currencies like Litecoin and Dogecoin?

texts: I am new to mining cryptocurrencies. I am planning to set up a wallet for both Litecoin and Dogecoin. I am just curious on asking what are the current total blockchain sizes of both coins? This is to prepare me to download them ahead of time.


texts: Error while syncing with the blockchain on my Raspberry Pi

texts:
So I already have the node set up on my raspberry pi. This night the transfer of the Blockchain from my laptop to the raspi's hard disk finished. Now I am waiting for the blocks to match the headers

"blocks": 162064, "headers": 613982

The thing is that when I do bitcoin-cli getblockchaininfo to check if it is already complete, I get this error:

error: Could not connect to the server 127.0.0.1:8332
Make sure the bitcoind server is running and that you are connecting to the correct RPC port.

I check if bitcoind is running with systemctl status bitcoind.service and this shows up:

● bitcoind.service - Bitcoin daemon

Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/bitcoind.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)

Active: activating (auto-restart) (Result: exit-code) since Wed 2020-01-22 11:59:12 CET; 15s ago

Process: 811 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c sleep 30 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Process: 814 ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/bitcoind -daemon -conf=/home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf -pid=/home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/bitcoind.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Main PID: 815 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

So I try to restart the bitcoin daemon with sudo systemctl stop bitcoind and sudo systemctl start bitcoind. And when I check its status it shows the following (which looks good):

bitcoind.service - Bitcoin daemon

Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/bitcoind.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)

Active: active (running) since Wed 2020-01-22 12:01:01 CET; 5s ago

Process: 862 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c sleep 30 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Process: 864 ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/bitcoind -daemon -conf=/home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf -pid=/home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/bitcoind.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Main PID: 865 (bitcoind)

Tasks: 12 (limit: 2200)

Memory: 111.0M

CGroup: /system.slice/bitcoind.service

└─865 /usr/local/bin/bitcoind -daemon -conf=/home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf -pid=/home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/bitcoind.pid

And when I do bitcoin-cli getblockchaininfo again, it doesn't show me an error, but the number of blocks synchronized is lower than before. And a few minutes later, when I go check again it all repeats itself.

What am I supposed to do here?

Thanks


texts: How can I check if a bip32 xpub key is valid using python?

texts:
I'm on the hunt for some python code that will tell me if a string is a valid bip32 xpub key but I'm having trouble finding any.

I also would like to check if a string is a valid bitcoin address.
Here is an example I found for this purpose but it doesnt seem to work - http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Bitcoin/address_validation#Python

Please help :)


texts: Can two parties accidentally pay the same lightning network invoice simultaneously?

texts:
If multiple Lightning nodes attempt to pay the same invoice (using the same payment request), is it absolutely necessary that no more than one of the attempts will succeed (that is, only one payer will learn the preimage)?

I'd expect that clients try to not make multiple payments happen. What I'm willing to learn is whether it's actually impossible by protocol design.


texts: CGMiner and 5830's give my the BSOD and GPU hangs, DEAD threads

texts:
I recently switched to CGminer from phoenix from GUIminer. And seem to be having some issues.

System: Windows 7 64bit, x4 5830's

-Timeline-
AMD catalyst: 13.1
GPUs: 5830x2 7770x1
Miner: CGminer newest stable release 10.5 I think.
Sum: Worked well except for flashing squares on the screen when mining and using the desktop. Saw a post that said update catalyst to 13.2 for no squares.

~~Changelog: updated to 13.2 catalyst, returned the 7770 (money issues)

AMD catalyst: 13.1
GPUs: 5830x2
Miner: CGminer newest stable release 10.5
Sum: Works well for a few hours (the upgrade to 13.2 also removed the squares), then I either get a DEAD thread for the gpu doing the desktop, or I cannot get windows to return to desktop after it sleeps, or just a good 'ol BSOD.

I was reading around and it said that CGminer makes some binaries on initial run and only initial run. So do those binaries contain info about old 7770 that I removed and now it is conflicting somehow? Should I just reinstall CGminer?

Or do people know of issues with the 13.2 CataContCent?

OP EDIT: test config 1

{
"pools" : [
    {
        "url" : "stratum.btcguild.com:3333",
        "user" : "MY USER",
        "pass" : "MY PASS"
    }
],
"intensity" : "d,9,9,9",
"temp-cutoff" : "95,95,95,95",
"temp-overheat" : "85,85,85,85",
"temp-target" : "75,75,75,75",
}

What I want my conf to do. Put the three 5830's not doing the desktop balls to the wall. The one I am using for desktop try and do the best it can but do not interfere with desktop.
Turn off any GPU that hits 95C, try to run them all at 75C.

No overclock on any GPU. I do not wish to slow them down or speed them up yet. I just want them to run without crashing my system first. I don't care about fanspeed/noise.

How do I know my 'd' setting will hit GPU0 (my desktop)?

Any other important settings that I removed?


texts: What are the trade-offs between transacting on Lightning Network and Bitcoin mainchain?

texts:
Lightning network's first prototype code is online, so it's about time we learn more about what it is. (At least I wish some people would…)

What are the expected trade-offs of Lightning Network to Bitcoin mainchain?
Some points that would be nice if they got covered:

privacy
confirmation speed
fees
time until spendable

And for the bonus: Will Lightning Network be centralized?


texts: Is anyone familiar with how the standard Bitcoin client gathers account balances from the blockchain? I understand that the software will look through the blockchain to calculate the balance, but I was wondering how exactly this is done efficiently.


texts:
What makes this mining process so computationally intensive and can this mining activity be substituted by other hard labors in physical world?
Does this mining effort alone adds intrinsic value to the bitcoin like gold?


texts: Exchange-based vs over-the-counter (OTC)

texts:
I read an article about China ban on exchange, which mentions that

  ... the ban on exchange-based cryptocurrency trades will not extend to over-the-counter (OTC) transactions.

I am confused over the terms exchange-based and OTC. What are the differences between these two?


texts: Which is better to use, Armory or MultiBit and why?

texts:
Armory slows my system WAY down and I am confused on the difference really. I understand the securities involved.

Also, If I stick with Armory, Can I move it to a different computer and access it there instead of my main one?


texts: how do bitcoin nodes detect a transaction?

texts: I have a number of question about bitcoin but I was ask to do specific research on two questions and I figured this would be a good place to start. The first I have answered already the second is: "what is the protocol or code used to identify BTC addresses from other activity on the web?". I'm honestly not sure this question even asks for the correct information but if any of you could answer or point me in the right direction that would be much appreciated.


texts: Multibit security with regards to "backup" folders

texts:
I'm using the MultiBit client to manage my wallet (right here on my computer), but I am concerned about the security with regards to the *-backup folders that it creates automatically.

When I inspect the wallet-unenc-backup directory, I find 2 pairs of .info and .wallet.cipher files. Using a text editor, I can see that the .info file only contains my public bitcoin address and a line referring to the rolling-backup directory and some other numbers. The .wallet.cipher file shows weird characters.

Does the .wallet.cipher file contain a private key unencrypted? If so, why does the client not warn me about this? Is it because its users are expected to know this, or am I wrong about this?

The other folders contain .info files as well, and .wallet files (probably and encrypted wallet).

Any clarification on the actual information stored in these files and whether that information is encrypted would be helpful.

I did read the documentation of MultiBit, but their description of these files, found here, isn't very clear and doesn't contain warnings where I expect them to be.

EDIT:
I have put a password on my wallet using the "file" menu in MultiBit.


texts: Are there Miners (or Mining Pools) that accept below standard fee transactions?

texts:
Let's say I create a transaction of 0.0005 BTC with a fee of 0.000005 BTC. From looking at the bitcoin source I find that this transaction would be considered non-standard and therefore not accepted and relayed by any node running the satoshi bitcoind.

Are there any Miners or Mining Pools where I could directly relay this transaction, which would accept it and place it into a block? Would the resulting block be considered standard and accepted in the block chain by other nodes?


texts: Why do some outputs have a zero value and no address?

texts:
What does it mean when an output has a value of zero and no address?  I'm looking at some fairly recent transactions, and I don't understand what this means.  Here's an example: https://blockchain.info/block-height/348120?format=json.

You can find the transactions quickly if you search that page for "value":0.


texts: What is the "Maintenance" amount referring to on the bitcoin exchange Bitcoinica?

texts:
I have tried out Bitcoinica, and although it is complicated i like it a lot!

What confused me is the "Maintenance" amount shown in the Account overview. It looks like it is not explained on the website.

If it is the fee, it is quite steep, i must say..


texts: How do I exchange one cryptocurrency (not BTC) to another (not BTC)?

texts:
What if I want to exchange one cryptocurrency (not a Bitcoin) to another (not a Bitcoin). How can I do that? Do I need to exchange it first for a Bitcoin and then exchange a Bitcoin for the target currency?

I know there's something like Changelly or ShapeShift, but what if I want to do it manually, or is what I've described above what these guys do under the hood (that would suck so much)?


texts: Address not valid when withdrawing money from Binance

texts: I want to withdraw the Vibrate crypto from binance. When I enter the BTC wallet address which I took from my account from coinbase, binance says invalid address. Am I missing something here?


texts: How can I move bitcoin-qt blockchain data to bitcoind daemon?

texts: I have a bunch of files like blk00110.dat now that bitcoin-qt (on my mac) has finally updated. I'd like to just move this over to my linux box so I can keep it up and running but the bitcoind program uses a different structure. How can I move this data?


texts: I have waited for 2days now my transaction not confirmed yet

texts:
I have made 2 transaction but not confirmed yet
Blockchain: a68891b83177797c932873e3e5ff601bcea6e28b1cdbeb5a038dc0939c8371e0,
543c5f4612398c0b783fd3959a3390850a584c79a6c4fbe80bef88ebf455878f pls i need to be fix urgently


texts: Electrum: "restoring" a wallet from a seed

texts:
Suppose I set up a wallet with a deterministic seed passphrase. I then use it, moving bitcoins around, sending some change to change addresses. Electrum will apparently create more addresses when required; suppose it does so.

I later on 'restore' the wallet on a new Electrum install by entering the existing seed. How does Electrum know how many addresses to create? It may be the case that the original 8 addresses are now empty (0 BTC), and my btc are in addresses created later on. How does Electrum know how many deterministic addresses to create in order to see all of my existing btc?

One possible technique I can imagine: Electrum looks at the blockchain for the first addresses in the wallet. If it sees traffic to those addresses, it knows to keep trying more of the deterministic addresses until it sees no more traffic, at which point it stops generating addresses in your wallet.


texts: Is blockchain an invention or discovery?

texts:
I think the society has been working on the concept of blockchain inherently.
e.g. Consider the scenario where wholesale seller and retailer are interacting. Retailer asks wholesale seller for pink colour cloth. When wholesale seller delivers, retailer doesn't accept it is pink. He just calls some people to tell the correct colour. This the argument is settled.

Each person's brain is a distributed ledger.


texts: What are the reasons to avoid spend-paths that become invalid over time (without a transaction)?

texts:
I have been told that a spend-path that expires is something bitcoin designers have explicitly avoided, and that it would cause bad reorg behavior (eg here).

To be clear about what I mean by an expiring spend-path, imagine a script opcode that require that a particular spend-path be executed before a timelock has expired (rather than the usual timelock where the spend-path is only valid after the timelock expires).

Satoshi mentioned this kind of thing here saying that:

  "In the event of a block chain reorg after a segmentation, transactions need to be able to get into the chain in a later block.  The OP_BLOCKNUMBER transaction and all its dependants would become invalid.  This wouldn't be fair to later owners of the coins who weren't involved in the time limited transaction."

However, if you wait for 6 confirmations, no transactions should be happening that expect to have actually received the coins if, say, a transaction is sent with only one or two confirmations. If that happened, a reorg after 3 confirmations would invalidate those transactions too. And a reorg after more than 6 confirmations is statistically impossible unless a 51% attack is underway. So I don't understand satoshi's point here.

I was also told that during a reorg, nodes don't have to re-evaluate transactions that have already been validated, but if an expiring spend-path then you would have to re-evaluate transactions. However, don't' nodes have to re-evaluate transactions in a reorg anyways currently? Since the re-org could have introduced double-spending transactions, all transactions need to be rechecked in the new UTXO context, don't they?

I was further told that there are "a whole bunch of other reasons". I'm curious what they are, but I haven't been able to find much discussion of these things by searching for "bitcoin monotonic" and "bitcoin context free". I would very much appreciate links to more information about these issues.


texts: How many Secp256k1 signatures exist for a piece of data?

texts:
ECDSA signatures are not deterministic. That is, random information is used in calculating the signature for a piece of data. Approximately how many unique signatures exist for a piece of data?

Another way this question might be phrased is: if I continually sign the same piece of data using random multiples of the generator point then how many signatures (on average) will I have to generate before finding a duplicate signature?

And finally, if instead I start with a random multiple of the generator kG and then sign using (k+1)G, then (k+2)G, ... then will I ever produce the same signature?


texts: Is it possible to confirm a specific transaction with your own miner?

texts:
I sent a Bitcoin transaction a few days ago and it still doesn't have any confirmations.
I actually have a ASIC miner.
Is it possible to confirm a specific transaction, in this case mine, with my miner?

Thanks


texts: Splitting BTC and BCH from cold storage using bitcoin core wallet sending to exodus

texts:
I had BTC long before the forks of BCH (bitcoin cash) and any of the others.

I wanted to finally split some BCH off of my BTC and so this is what I attempted to do

Bitcoin Core Wallet Send to Exodus Wallet
I verified the blockchain and refreshed Exodus and I see  .023 BTC  ( $181.41 currently)  .
I clicked on Help in Exodus and the claim your bitcoin cash in which it is supposed to scan to see if I have any BCH
It says none found.

Either this is not how to find the BCH and split it of, or .023 BCH is too small of an amount ?

What other decent options are there as I want to split up at least the BCH from the BTC .


texts: How can the segwit witness data be "off-chain"? What does it really mean?

texts:
I have several questions regarding the segwit witness data. My current understanding is as follows.
Before segwit, the witness data was part of the input that the user had to provide so that they could spend an UTXO. The witness data is the digital signature or any other solution that allows an UTXO to be spent. The input was not comprised only of the witness data, but the witness data could be a large part of the input.
Thus, with segwit, the witness data was separated from the rest of the input. More specifically, the witness data is now "off-chain". This made the input much lighter and, in turns, it made spending an UTXO cheaper and faster to process.
My questions are:

Is my understanding above correct?

What do we mean when we say that the witness data is "off-chain"? If it's not part of the blockchain, where does it reside? Does it mean that nodes process witness data differently from the rest of the input data?

While I understand that the input itself is now lighter, the user still has to provide the witness data in order to spend the UTXO. Wouldn't the witness data need to be relayed alongside the rest of the input so that nodes can make sure that the transactions are valid? How can there be a gain of efficiency?


texts: Electrum 2of2 multisig both cosigners share the same priv key

texts:
I set up this wallet on the same machine online. Thinking that was it, it was only until i sent funds to this wallet and tried to spend them that i could only partially sign the transaction.

I opened up the wallet file in notepad and indeed, the 2x cosigner had no info there apart from null to priv key and the public cosigner key.

Ive tried most things ive read but i cant get at them funds. Can anyone help?

i noticed there was never 1 of 2 wallets, both wallets were both 2/2 multisig.
I have the passwords, seed and everything including the private key that both public keys are attatched to but i dont know how to get my funds or disable or fix the coding.

thanks


texts: Is there any client that can run behind a firewall?  I tried bitcoin-qt and Electrum and neither could work because of blocked ports.  I know I could use a web-hosted solution but I'd prefer a local wallet.dat.


texts: What is a step by step way to insert data in OP_RETURN?

texts:
I was following https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=453086.0
for creating a message in OP_RETURN. I am able to decode my raw transaction, but on signrawtransaction it gives

  error: {"code":-22,"message":"TX decode failed"}

I validated the address, is there something that is missing in that tutorial.


texts:
I installed bitcoin core and now it is completely synced. I am not able to find REST Api for a particular address.
I want to run my server so can i am able to make an http request for REST API


texts:
Im trying to get my nvidia gpu working with cgminer 3.7.2
(windows 8 x64)
how could i make it work?
here is what my list devices says

CL platform 1 name: NVIDIA CUDA
CL platform 1 version: OpenCL 1.1 CUDA 6.0.1

When i try to run cgminer -d 1, It wont run.

command line options set a device that doesn't exist


texts: If I have only the private key from a multibit private key export, how can I use the bitcoin later elsewhere?

texts:
In multibit, you can export the private keys from a wallet into a basic text document (*.key).

It will look something like this:

# KEEP YOUR PRIVATE KEYS SAFE !
# Anyone who can read this file can spend your bitcoin.
#
# Format:
#   <Base58 encoded private key>[<whitespace>[<key createdAt>]]
#
#   The Base58 encoded private keys are the same format as
#   produced by the Satoshi client/ sipa dumpprivkey utility.
#
#   Key createdAt is in UTC format as specified by ISO 8601
#   e.g: 2011-12-31T16:42:00Z . The century, 'T' and 'Z' are mandatory
#

KyBn........................................... 2014-06-06T04:26:48Z

# End of private keys

[The series of dots is the key, but I censored out the majority of it.]

I have read this post on a similar question, but I am confused about one particular thing: If I have some transactions after the export, more or new private keys will be created, which will mean that I can no longer depend on this set of private keys to regain access to the funds. Is this correct?

My main question is, how exactly can I recover the funds for a particular address with only this private key (or set of private keys) (not specifically in multibit, but generally)? Do all clients and online wallets have an import private key option? What is done behind the scenes with this private key to find the public key and the address?


texts: Withdraw bitcoin to Philippine bank account

texts:
I work as a virtual assistant and live in the Philippines and my employer is in the US. We've been using Paypal to send payments to me and my employer mentioned using bitcoins instead.

So I downloaded this Bitcoin wallet on my PC (we haven't done any transactions yet using bitcoin cause I want to understand it first) and was wondering how can I transfer the bitcoin money from that wallet to my bank account here in the Philippines?


texts:
I just tried to use unowallet.
It seem that the private key is somehow encoded into the url.
Isn't it some known type of representation?
Wouldn't it be possible to create an url for my private key?

Or maybe its just the seed of the bitcoin address generator.

My only observation is that it is not a base58 because there are 'l' and 'O's, it may not be base64 because it does have bad number of characters (but maybe '=' are ommited).

e.g:

URL: https://uno-wallet.com/wallet/WXG7M59EniYuAm39ildMv7lUDc2L5khVLDpMPic2dOo1mJDiLJ

Address: 1BjECXazZUZdd8zAj7VoxppoBA73aZ1KrX

Private key: 5JWXyvz2DcEKQFm7pa6j8Gp1M5A8cgNhx4F2ZjM2R14MHy3D2NQ


texts:
Dan Kaminsky said that he spent 4 months trying to hack "bitcoin" but failed.

Besides trying to find vulnerabilities in double-spending and 51% attack, what other hacks would a hacker try to achieve?

Surely an established hacker like Dan Kaminsky wouldn't have spent 4 months just trying to prove the protocol is immune to double-spending and robust against 51% attacks. There had got to be more things that he was trying.

Exactly what kind of hacks will a hacker try to achieve against bitcoin?


texts: Bitcoind becomes non-responsive over JSON-RPC, have to manually restart all the time

texts:
I run bitcoind on AWS on Ubuntu. The machine has 4Gb of memory and free shows some of it remains free. Enough disk space too.

Yet, I have to manually restart bitcoind quite often, because sending JSON-RPC requests returns a timeout error. That is, at first they do work, but then they don't. No matter what kind of request.

Has anyone ever come across this? Why does it happen? Does anybody have a plausible theory?


texts: Help! I sent coins to my bitcoin wallet before it was properly synced!

texts:
I sent coins to my Bitcoin wallet not after installing it, but before it had fully synced! Then I closed and reopened it after sending the coins.

It had generated a bitcoin address to send to, but is that address "officially mine" prior to the program actually having updated and being "officially on the network"?


texts:
Last year the U.S. Department of Justice posted this press release claiming U.S. "law enforcement seized several thousand Bitcoins on November 3, 2020."
How is it possible for anyone to "seize" BTC?
My understanding is that it is technically impossible to transfer BTC without the private key for the wallet holding BTC.  And likewise that anyone with the private key can transfer the BTC if they can transmit the transaction.  I.e., short of coercing whoever has the private key to disclose it, is it true that no amount of force or authority can cause or prevent the transfer of any particular BTC?
Or am I missing something?


texts: Is it possible to move the Blockchain data from Windows to Mac? The wallet on windows is synced, the one on mac is not. The wallet on Mac has had some bitcoins sent to one of its addresses. Would it be safe to copy the blocks and chainstate folder to the mac from windows without losing the bitcoins?


texts:
So every private key actually has TWO associated addresses? (ie uncompressed and compressed)

Isn't this a MAJOR flaw if uncompressed keys are still used in applications?


texts: Do USA-based miners need to register with FinCEN?

texts:
As seen in recent news, FinCEN has issued a statement on its classification of virtual currencies: http://www.fincen.gov/statutes_regs/guidance/html/FIN-2013-G001.html

Hypothetically suppose I mine BTC and sell it on MtGox for USD. Do I need to register with FinCEN as a Money Transmitter(MT)? My interpretation of the above document indicates yes, I do; but I could also see MtGox (which is registered with FinCEN) maintaining my regulatory compliance, via proxy.


texts: Recovery of possibly corrupted Bitcoin Wallet

texts:
I have a very old wallet, which I am unable to open.
It is password protected, but I know what the password is.
Bitcoin Core says Salvage failed.

Booted LiveUSB Ubuntu and installed pywallet.

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/Desktop/pywallet$ sudo ./pywallet.py --recover --recov_device /dev/sdc1 --recov_size 1Gio --recov_outputdir /home/ubuntu/Desktop/recover/
Enter the passphrase for the wallet that will contain all the recovered keys: 123456

Enter the possible passphrases used in your deleted wallets.
Don't forget that more passphrases = more time to test the possibilities.
Write one passphrase per line and end with an empty line.
Possible passphrase: xxxxxxxx
Possible passphrase:

Starting recovery.
0.10 Go read
0.20 Go read
0.30 Go read
0.40 Go read
0.50 Go read
0.60 Go read
0.70 Go read
0.80 Go read
0.90 Go read
1.00 Go read

Read 1.1 Go in 0.7 minutes

Found 1 possible wallets
Found 221 possible encrypted keys
Found 0 possible unencrypted keys

Possible wallet #1
    with passphrase #1

Private keys not decrypted: 221
Trying all the remaining possibilities (221) might take up to 0 minutes.
Do you want to test them? (y/n): y

Private keys not decrypted: 221
Try another password, check the size of your partition or seek help
The wallet is encrypted and the passphrase is correct

Importing:

The new wallet /home/ubuntu/Desktop/recover//recovered_wallet_1513352751.dat contains the 0 recovered key
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/Desktop/pywallet$

So it recognizes the password as correct, but it doesn't decrypt the keys.

Please help.


texts: I need to be able to generate addresses and receive bitcoins to them, then send them somewhere else - and do it on a server via some command-line interface. Is it possible to do so without downloading the whole blockchain, as bitcoind requires? That is, is there a lightweight client, but for the command line?


texts: Why is a full sweep of a cold wallet more secure than a withdrawal?

texts: I've seen on This question that you should not make partial withdrawal from a cold storage address; because it could compromise the security of the cold wallet. Can someone explain the related security concerns?


texts: Some body sent me 0.55 bitcoins on the 29/12/2016 and i have not recieved it uptil now and the coins have been deducted from the sender's wallet. Is it normal to experience this kind of issues?


texts: Could I store a bitcoin private key value in a Name Coin?

texts:
If so:
 would it be useful for anything?
 would it be risky as BTC and NMC are linked.


texts: How to extract raw 64 byte EC signature from an ASN1/DER encoded signature (which ranges from 70 - 72 bytes)

texts:
I see that my ASN1/DER signature contains the individual r and s values, is there a way to derive the generic 64byte signature?

edit:  Ive looked through the DER/ASN1 spec, seems that what Im looking for is simply s appended to r.  BUT both r and s can possibly have lengths of 32 or 33.  so its possible for my raw EC signature to be 66 bytes long, which completely breaks the application I use now.

But Ive noticed that whenever the DER specifies eother r or s to be 33 bytes long, the very first byte is 0x00.  I suppose I can simply throw that out and then have 64 bytes?


texts: What is the current legal status of Bitcoin around the world?

texts:
Has there been any concrete information about the legality of Bitcoin in any country?

Since any information can be injected into the blockchain, then if child porn / copyrighted material is injected into the blockchain, does this make Bitcoin clients illegal in some sense?


texts: spending some of the coins nullifies address' balance. where does the remainder goes?

texts:
I use litecoin-qt, but my guess it'll be the same for Bitcoin or any other crypto coin.

I created a new wallet, added an address and received the coins I expected. Then I created another wallet on different PC added another (non default) address, and sent some of the coins from first address mentioned to the second. I used 'sendfrom' command.

Now both wallets show exactly what I would expect, however on any online block explorer I see something strange. When I enter the first address, I see the transaction with the initial amount, but then another row that withdraw that amount. Clicking on the transaction I see that the second address is credited with the amount I sent, and the rest goes to an unfamiliar address.

What does it mean or what am I missing?
Where's this 3rd address coming from?
I thought I know how things are working with cryptocoins, but now I'm completely lost.


texts: As a miner, why would I forward transaction with high transaction fees to other miners?

texts: Miners receive transaction and broadcast it to other nodes. Node that solves the puzzle will add that transaction into the block it mined. But as a miner why would I broadcast a transaction with very high transaction fees. Miner would keep the transactions as such to itself and whenever miner get the nounce, miner will include it in it's block and enjoy high transaction fees.


texts: Should I validate transactions using the rules in BIP62?

texts: BIP62 introduces a number of rules to prevent transaction malleability. However many transactions already in the blockchain fail these tests. Is BIP62 currently being used to filter transactions from entering the blockchain? If not then are there any plans by the core development team to use BIP62 like this?


texts: Wants to send my bitcoin to another wallet

texts: I’m having issues trying to send my bitcoin to another wallet...it been asking me to confirm a whr code which I don’t really understand cos I have enough money on my wallet


texts: Is RSK going to be implemented on bitcoin only?

texts: Is RSK going to be implemented on bitcoin only ? The other hard forked bitcoins, i.e. bitcoin cash, bitcoin gold, B2X, bitcoin diamond will not have RSK implemented on them, am I correct ?


texts: Ubuntu Linux -- How do I start bitcoind as a service to run automatically?

texts:
I've got a bunch of other services set up to boot automatically when my Ubuntu server starts (services like wicd-daemon and VPN), but I can't figure out how to set up the bitcoin daemon (bitcoind) to start automatically when the system boots up. (This is on a headless system with no GUI or attached monitor.)

I'm trying to learn how to integrate bitcoin with Python so I can write bitcoin-enabled services, but I want the system to automatically start bitcoind when the system boots so that I don't have to do it manually. (It's a pain in the butt to have to download a whole bunch of block-chain at once. It eats away at uptime.)

If this question has already been asked, please direct me to the answer. I searched but couldn't find it. Otherwise, please help me figure this out!

Thanks so much.


texts: How is "cumulative PoW" calculated to decide between competing chains?

texts:
Chain 1 has blocks with targets diff1, diff2, diff3, diff4
Chain 2 has blocks with targets DIFF1 DIFF2 DIFF3
What's the formula to derive the (relative) cumulative proof of works from these chains to find out which one is stronger?
My guess is we take their logarithms and add them up?


texts: How long does it take to crawl and map the bitcoin network?

texts: There are several websites that have data on the number of nodes in the network. For instance coin.dance. About how long does it take to map the entire bitcoin network?


texts:
So I am running bitcoind everything is fine and the blockchain got synced etc.
Next step is to have bitcoind starting on boot.
I get this error on starting the service after creating a nano /etc/systemd/system/bitcoind.service the erro is Error: Unable to create the PID file /home/path/.bitcoin/bitcoind.pid: Permission denied

thanks in advance.


texts:
Can anyone tell me how bit coins are stored on my account?

I had a bit coin account long ago and not sure what happened? Can anyone explain in simple words what a bit coin account has? Is it a key ... I am totally confused about it after reading the bitcoin.org website.

My specific question are,

can we have a bit coin account like email account where I can store my transactions.
can I start stop this account wherever I am, say on my pc, on my laptop, on mobile or on an other PC.?
How to identify my account? what is the scope of portability?


texts: How can an output be spent while the transaction is in mempool

texts:
I have seen transactions on a block explorer where the transaction is in  mempool (unconfirmed) but one of the outputs already appears as spent, I am curious how this works. This question is a duplicate of this question, but the answer there doesn't quite satisfy my confusion. I am thinking about how this process is permissible in conjunction with the protocol rules for 'tx' messages listed here, particularly rule 9, 10, 12.

For each input, if the referenced output exists in any other tx in the pool, reject this transaction.

For each input, look in the main branch and the transaction pool to find the referenced output transaction. If the output transaction
is missing for any input, this will be an orphan transaction. Add to
the orphan transactions, if a matching transaction is not in there
already.

For each input, if the referenced output does not exist (e.g. never existed or has already been spent), reject this transaction

Questions:

Part of what might be causing confusion is the definition of "spent" on the block explorer - when it claims an output is spent does this equate to "there exists a transaction at least in mempool that uses the output as an input"?
The ability to broadcast a tx message that uses the output of an unconfirmed tx as an input seems to explicitly violate rule 9. Does it not?
Rule 9 & 10 seem to be at odds with each other. Rule 9 says to reject if the output is in a tx in mempool, rule 10 says to check mempool for the output (as though it is permissible). Are they not?
It is my belief that full nodes keep a "UTXO" set for validating some of these criterium - is the UTXO set updated once a transaction hits mempool (i.e not waiting for a confirmation)?
Is mempool relative to one node? I.e, if I broadcast a transaction and a node accepts it as valid does it then pass the transaction around so that other nodes can add it to "their" mempool, or is there somehow a "central mempool" that any validated transaction can get sent to.
Is it possible to cancel a tx message that has been added to mempool? I am not asking if typical software has this feature - but is it theoretically possible for a power user or is it "permissible behavior" within the bitcoin protocol.


texts: When ASICs generate a share, is it always at difficulty 1?

texts:
Are they preset to only return difficulty 1 shares when the find a nonce?  Then mining software verifies if it meets current target difficulty?  Or, if given a different target difficulty, will the ASIC only return shares that meet that difficulty setting?

If this is hardware specific, any idea which chips allow variation in the target difficulty?

The question in part stems from some misunderstandings I have seen on questions of what a share is.  Whether it is always a nonce found for difficulty 1, or if it is a nonce found for the target difficulty sent to the miner.  There are some confusing answers out there.


texts: How can I transfer my Bitcoin Android wallet to another platform?

texts:
I have the wallet backup and I was able to decrypt it using these instructions: https://github.com/bitcoin-wallet/bitcoin-wallet/blob/master/wallet/README.recover

When I went to do the withdrawal the system hung and I now recieve an error telling me the wallet is empty (CouldNotAdjustDownwards did not occur first try). I don't see any record of the transaction on any block explorer.

Is there some other way I use my decrypted wallet? Can anyone suggest a desktop wallet that would likely support this?

I tried replacing wallet.dat in Bitcoin core with no luck.


texts:
I had a Receive transaction worth 0.185btc

I was confident that it was ok since I saw 5 confirmation before I close the wallet.

The next day when I checked I saw a sent transaction with 0.185 btc which I didn't authorized. When I click the link it showed me this Sent transaction.

The weird part is it says that the output is 1btc which I didn't have because I only have 0.185 btc on that wallet.


texts: Antminers - Can you monitor via SNMP, and set up configuration file Chron Jobs

texts:
I have an antminer and its very loud. Is it possible to set up a chron job to stop mining, apply a new config file with a lower clockrate and set fan speed overnight? Then to do the same at 7am but overclock it to compensate for the lower hashrate overnight.

Are they also compatible via SNMP? Would like to monitor the temps and if the system is rebooting itself.


texts: what happens to your funds when wallet provider packs up?

texts:
Supposing the company that provide Electrum wallets goes bust and the service/software is withdrawn. Does this mean my fund disappear? If not then how would I recover my funds?

More specifically would the 12 recovery words (provided by Electrum)  have any use if Electrum wallet service was no longer available?


texts: What was the nature of the temporary 500K block size limit imposed by Bitcoin Qt 0.8.1?

texts:
BIP 50 describes the temporary steps taken to correct a chain split in March 2013. One of them was:

  Limit the maximum block-size created to 500,000 bytes

https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0050.mediawiki

I've seen this commit, but it doesn't address block size limit:

https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/commit/8bd02881899bbae2d8e5082081e02c7d577994e5

What was the actual commit that lowered the block size limit? Did the update merely adjust the soft limit miners use when generating blocks, or did it actually cause nodes to reject relayed blocks larger than 500K?

I think this may be relevant because if the latter is the case, it would represent a precedent for raising the block size limit. The limit was later automatically lifted (apparently).


texts: Why are transactions grouped into blocks? (how are new blocks-to-solve formed)

texts:
Why are transactions grouped into blocks when put onto blockchain (PART 1)?

Lets say we have just put a block on a chain and there are no blocks at the moment that users mine. At that moment how many new blocks will get created for users to mine? Will only one block-to-solve get created, or more of them?
If more blocks will get created (to be mined on), how will the miners distribute themselves on the blocks?


texts:
I am trying to understand what the idea behing a site like ETHLend is.

IIUC, I can borrow coins for an interest, the same way I could borrow a traditional currency from a bank. That part is easy to understand.

But - again IIUC - they require that I block the collateral for the load - where they will only accept cryptocurrencies - upfront through the smart contract.

Translating to traditional terms, this would be as if the bank says:

Transfer 10.000 USD to us. Then we will borrow you 10.000 EUR which you can pay back in installments plus interest. After you will have paid your credit back in full, you will also get your 10.000 EUR back, otherwise we will just keep them.

What do I miss?


texts: Configuration file is not found for bitcoind

texts: I'm running bitcoind in ubuntu. When I pass password as argument, it shows no configuration file found. Somebody please help


texts:
Is it important to remember just the set of the words, or also their order?
If I kept them without the correct order. Can I easily decrypt my wallet?


texts: In which ways is Earthcoin different from Bitcoin?

texts:
Also, the name Earthcoin suggests to me that it may be somehow more sustainable with regards to the computing resources required to support it; is there any basis in that?

The official site appears to be http://getearthcoin.com/ which has some pretty logos but is woefully lacking in technical detail. As it probably always the case with an altcoin, it also has a thread on bitcointalk.org which seems to describe a very odd block reward system with some days paying 2 or 5 times the normal block reward.


texts: How to Avoid Wallets Compromised by Android Vulnerability

texts:
I'm interested in understanding Bitcoin better, and developing good habits with regard to cryptocurrency, even though I'm not using Bitcoin very much at the moment.

But based on my very limited activity with Bitcoin, I think I've found myself in a vulnerable position through mechanisms that I don't understand. Here's what I've done:

Months ago, I set up Bitcoin Wallet on my Android phone. And it, of course, assigned me a Bitcoin address (1L...).
I visited a couple of those sites where you view an advertisement and get a trivial amount of Bitcoin, just to see how the transactions flowed. This worked, and I then had Bitcoin holdings that were too small to spend. I left it all alone for a while.
I installed Multibit on my desktop and imported my private keys from Bitcoin Wallet.
Bitcoin Wallet posted a notice of an Android vulnerability that affected Bitcoin wallets, and suggested moving funds to a new address. The app created a new address for me (1M...). I imported the new private keys to Multibit, but my holdings were of course too small to be moveable.
Recently I saw that an app developer who makes a free app that I find highly useful was taking tips in Bitcoin. I thought this would be a nice chance to go a little deeper into the Bitcoin ecosystem. So I purchased enough to cover my tip (with a little left over) from Coinbase, and then transferred them to my new, presumably uncompromised, address: 1M...
I initiated my tip to the app developer in Multibit. That transfer went successfully, but when I examine the blockchain, I see that the transaction has emptied my new address (1M...) and put it all in the old address (1L...) that Bitcoin Wallet warned me not to use any more.

The amounts I'm dealing with are quite small, so I'm not in a panic about it -- but I don't understand what happened here. Specifically,

Why did the transaction clear out the funding address rather than just take what it needed from it?
Did I do something wrong? Or, alternately, is there something I could/should have done to manage the transactions with more detail?


texts: How will the Bitcoin network look after BFL ASIC hardware shipments?

texts: There have been over 7000 pre-orders of BFL SC series mining machines, with the cheapest one supposedly running at 3.5 GH/s and the most expensive being 1000GH/s thats a lot of hashes about to be added to the network, these machines are set to ship late october-early novermber. Also in the month following that the number of btc released in a block will be cut to 25. these two events will likely cause a lot of turbulence in the bit coin economy. How will these events affect the Bitcoin network and its economy?


texts: How does the Bitcoin payment forwarding at Blockchain.info work?

texts:
We have been using the payment service provided by blockchain.info https://blockchain.info/api/api_receive

It allows us to generate a unique address for each payment and forward Bitcoins received by these addresses to a forwarding address. From what I understand, bc.info pays the transaction fee for the forwarding transaction for us.

We want to use our own wallet. I have two questions:

1) How does bc.info handle this cost? Am I missing something? Are they really paying 0.0001 BTc for each payment their clients receive?

2) Is there a way to forward payments without paying fees?


texts: When building bitcoind, I receive error "headers.h:36:20: fatal error: db_cxx.h: No such file or directory"

texts:
When building bitcoind on LinuxCoin (Debian based), I receive this error

  "headers.h:36:20: fatal error: db_cxx.h: No such file or directory"

following the instructions at https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/doc/build-unix.txt

I believe the error is caused by the package "libdb4.8++-dev" being non-existant for the distro, as when attempting to "apt-get install" that, I get:

  Package libdb4.8++-dev is not available, but is referred to by another package.
  This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
  is only available from another source

  E: Package 'libdb4.8++-dev' has no installation candidate

NOTE: libdb4.8-dev and all other dependencies are already installed.

It's probably a silly mistake on my part but any help is appreciated! Thanks.


texts: getting address from public of ScriptPubKey vs ScriptSig

texts:
Recently I read some articles about BITCOIN protocol and it's transaction.
I understand(maybe it is incorrect) these rules:

An input is what we call an output when you're spending it in a
transaction.
A public key is the early form of an address.
It seem's that an "input" has two jobs: Select an Output and Unlock it.
Every transaction has a unique TXID, so by using that with a specific
output number(VOUT), we can refer to any output in the blockchain.
Each output is set with a locking script. So if we want to spend
one, we need to supply an unlocking script(ScriptSig).
ScriptSig in an input is a script that unlocks the input and
ScriptPubKey is a A script that locks the output.

if all rules that I wrote is correct, why we can generate an address which is obtained from public key in ScriptPubKey but we can't generate previous output address from the public key inside the ScriptSig?


texts: Can a miner just download the blockchain once and then delete it (don't have a full node)?

texts:
I am wondering if all bitcoin miners need to be full nodes. Or is it possible for a miner to just download all the blockchain once, do all necessary computations to start mining and then delete the complete blockchain and only work on the "last blocks". I.e can a miner don't be a full node?

This is not a duplicate question.


texts: Merchant tool that will dynamically adjust the # of required confirmations based on network hashrate data

texts:
Satoshi built Bitcoin to be a decentralized network. Some of the original recommendations (such as waiting for 6 confirmations) relied on statistics that related to level of decentralization.

https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf

According to the math on page 9 of the whitepaper there is less than a 0.1% chance of successful a double spending attack if a rogue miner controls 10% of the network hash rate and the recipient waits for 5 confirmations. However if a rogue miner controls 45% of the network hash rate you would have to wait for 340 confirmations to reach the same level of confidence (less than 0.1% chance) of a double spend not occurring.

Are there any tools that automatically monitor the hashrate of the major pools and dynamically use that data to change the number of confirmations merchants request? My intended use case would kick in for large purchases when/if a major pool went down, giving another pool (at least temporarily) a very large percentage of the network hash rate.


texts:
I've got this weird string for a utx message (not my code)

CTransaction(nVersion=1 vin=[CTxIn(prevout=COutPoint(hash=41caa5bf2b814135257b26e44b111f55c067f783e3cdf9bdf914e1ef7e403d05 n=0) scriptSig=47304402200910d62908c2f386008d024c3622cae2440338ea2f65ff970c6c4140704dadc20220636e346e716b93348aab1d01893379f21e7798870dd75d566d217784ea9e0925012103e7670f57af2bd9f601f32ea5b701140e478f0f3e06a1d23e47fc4af9d1965ae2 nSequence=4294967295), CTxIn(prevout=COutPoint(hash=e87b3bb5fd83baad8cfd621ab715b21daf44bbc6165b645f9fa1730d457623b0 n=1) scriptSig=483045022100e6429685c5a935c69659af47d2487f9252724b730eee087f75c81083ca3390860220653e3f0b53c9750c3c22d46ba0d7822e0a9661d717279ccddbfb94dfad10f330012102689f559da51e353cc1d34bd1436560b92a179646e5c5e2ae7dddf116a56656a0 nSequence=4294967295)] vout=[CTxOut(nValue=0.00061000 scriptPubKey=76a91497176e06ed3ebb9fc46d983f7e976046246b8eb388ac), CTxOut(nValue=0.03000000 scriptPubKey=76a9145414feb353a36043f5257366479389263b0cba5988ac)] nLockTime=0)

In each vout there is scriptPubKey that looks like a hex.

How to I use this information to get each vouts scriptPubKey.asm and scriptPubKey.hex

The code that produced this string is python but I could also manipulate this data in javascript! I'm stuck on first why does the scriptPubKey(s) look like this in the first place and second what do I do to get the asm and hex information

I found https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/rpc/rawtransaction.cpp

void ScriptPubKeyToJSON(const CScript& scriptPubKey, UniValue& out, bool fIncludeHex)
{
    txnouttype type;
    vector<CTxDestination> addresses;
    int nRequired;

out.push_back(Pair("asm", ScriptToAsmStr(scriptPubKey)));
if (fIncludeHex)
    out.push_back(Pair("hex", HexStr(scriptPubKey.begin(), scriptPubKey.end())));

if (!ExtractDestinations(scriptPubKey, type, addresses, nRequired)) {
    out.push_back(Pair("type", GetTxnOutputType(type)));
    return;
}

out.push_back(Pair("reqSigs", nRequired));
out.push_back(Pair("type", GetTxnOutputType(type)));

UniValue a(UniValue::VARR);
BOOST_FOREACH(const CTxDestination& addr, addresses)
    a.push_back(CBitcoinAddress(addr).ToString());
out.push_back(Pair("addresses", a));

}

Which looks like its doing the action I require (but I don't understand the code / what's happening)


texts: how does bitcoin core generate addresses and where can they be found in the data directory?


texts: Minimum funds required in a channel in Lightning?

texts:
I have noticed that, I cannot exhaust the funds in my channel to one side in lnd. I understand this makes sense so as to have some punishment in case of fraud, but I cannot find the reason for the particular value in lnd (or BOLT).

These are the steps I followed (to reproduce):

$>lncli-alice listchannels
{
"channels": [
    {
        "active": true,
        "remote_pubkey": <bob_pubkey>,
        "channel_point": <channel_point>,
        "chan_id": <chan_id>,
        "capacity": "16777215",
        "local_balance": "370557",
        "remote_balance": "16406475",
        "commit_fee": "183",
        "commit_weight": "724",
        "fee_per_kw": "253",
        "unsettled_balance": "0",
        "total_satoshis_sent": "16506475",
        "total_satoshis_received": "100000",
        "num_updates": "300",
        "pending_htlcs": [
        ],
        "csv_delay": 2016,
        "private": false
    }
 ]
}

After adding an invoice from lncli-bob, and calling queryroutes to create the route to bob from lncli-alice with the amt values 202742 and 202743:

$>cat route_channel_alice_to_bob_amt_202742.txt | lncli-alice sendtoroute --pay_hash=pay)hash -
{
"payment_error": "unable to route payment to destination: TemporaryChannelFailure[...]",
"payment_preimage": "",
"payment_route": null
}

$>cat route_channel_alice_to_bob_amt_202743.txt | lncli-alice sendtoroute --pay_hash=<pay_hash> -
{
"payment_error": "",
"payment_preimage": <payment_preimage>,
"payment_route": {
[...]
 }
}

Given that I have 370557, I do not understand why a payment of 202743 results in insuficcient funds, while 202742 does not. I would like to get to know more about the nature and exact calculation of this minimum value.


texts: Why does Zcash show a circulating supply of only 4 million?

texts:
On coinmarketcap Zcash is showing 4 million circulating supply: https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/zcash/

But they say total supply is 21 million. So does that mean only 4 million has been mined so far?


texts: Do I need to wait for blockchain to complete to use private key elsewhere?

texts:
As the title says: My blockchain sync still needs to sync 56 weeks, but I want to export my private keys from the bitcoin qt wallet to blockchain.info.
Is it possible to do that without waiting for the chain to complete and unninstall the program, or do I have to wait?

Thanks!


texts: How to get payment confirmation when Bitcoin is processed in java.

texts:
I'm using Bitcoind and ZMQ. I want to get a confirmation via socket when a payment is confirmed.

I'm new to these things and don't know how to start.

Any help will be appreciated.
Thanks in advance.


texts: How to open a Butterfly 5GH/s miner and replace the fan? I don't see any screws at the outside.


texts: What's the blocksize limit after segwit and how do legacy nodes deal with segwit transactions?

texts: Normally, I heard that the bitcoin blocksize is 1MB, but with the Segwit update the blocksize can be up to 4MB, so we should say that the blocksize is 4MB, right? Moreover legacy nodes only receive the input and output data of segwit transactions. How do the legacy nodes verify the validity of segwit transactions. The legacy node can verify it during propagation from a segwit node, but how does it work for propagation between two legacy nodes, where the segwit data is missing completely? Thank you


texts: What is the most comprehensive source to get started with Bitcoin?

texts: I am going through couple of good sources (mainly https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Main_Page), which one do you think is the best suited for technical as well as business scope?


texts: What are 'Private Keys'? and where do i find them in my wallet? How do I know it is a private key?


texts: Bitcoin Core 0.13 -- jsonrpc interface -- conflicted transactions

texts:
I use bitcoind's Wallet feature to manage my bitcoins.
Using json-rpc interface, how can I check that a transaction is a conflicted one? And, how can I get txhash of a transaction, that spends those same outputs and is confirmed(malleability situation)?


texts:
So there is a fixed 1% annual rate of new stellar creation. These new stellars will be generated on a weekly basis and distributed via a direct voting method.

But, there's a distinction between what the direct vote agrees on and what the SCP nodes agree on. What happens if some nodes running the stellar-core protocol don't agree with the distribution? They can choose not to vote the validations of transactions related to this newly created stellars, impeding a quorum to form in the SCP, rendering the newly created stellars obsolete.


texts:
Before I wrote here I was read this post:
How can you extract private keys from MultiBit HD? and few others.

I know from above thread that it is hard to extract private keys from MultiBit HD wallet, however it can be done other way or using different application. I was looking for it in internet, but it is hard to find anything. Could you tell me or provide link to know how to do that?


texts:
How do I send Bitcoins back to the person that sent me them without asking that person for a address without querying a block explorer?

I already know that (given that the person has his own wallet and doesn't use a shared wallet service) I can look up the transaction with its txid on a block explorer and just use one of the source addresses, but can I do it without needing a block explorer, directly with bitcoind API calls?


texts:
Here is my bitcoin.conf

server=1
rpcuser=root
rpcpassword=passwordhere
rpcconnect=75.74.28.1.2 (last 2 digits randomized for security).
rpcport=8332
rpcallowip=107.180.44.217

So whats the issue? When I run it via localhost it is able to connect. Externally it isn't. Ports are forwarded and are open.


texts: Why hasn't bitcoin mining been scaled / wouldn't that ruin the concept?

texts:
I'm just learning/getting started with bitcoin and one thing that's obvious straight away, is that the more computational power you can throw at it (with the cheapest energy possible), the more coins you can make.

Lots of people mining coins (myself included) just appear to be hobbyists - maybe with some nice equipment, but nonetheless, not 'industrial-scale'.

So why aren't there companies investing millions in solar panels and ACIS machines to mine bitcoins? Wouldn't someone that invested a few million (or more) in a setup like that monopolize bitcoin, in a manner of speaking? (Until people investing equally large amounts?). It'd raise the difficulty beyond what hobbyists could afford to make BTC profitable for them to mine.

Maybe millions isn't enough, what if someone spent BILLIONS doing this? Would it have the effect I suspect?


texts:
I'm using bitcoinj library for bitcoin.

I want all private keys of all my generated addresses.

How can I achieve that? Please help who knows this answer.

Thanks.


texts:
What are the key differences between regtest and the proposed signet?

One of the key differences is that using regtest is not ideal for public networks as anyone anywhere can just rewrite the blockchain at their whim by mining a ton of blocks. Are there any others?

Is signet a strictly superior replacement to regtest?

If not, when would someone use regtest as opposed to signet in future?


texts:
I have a wallet created and stored on my computer that I use to accept donations. I want to make things easier for visitors by providing a payment button, but it seems all the online services that provide payment buttons only do so for wallets that you hold with them.

Is there a bitcoin broker somewhere that I can feed a wallet address that will process payments for a small fee?


texts: Which part of my wallet should I NOT lose? .wallet file or private/public key?

texts:
Simple question.

I keep reading "don't lose your wallet", but which is the actual important part?  The .wallet file or the public/private key combo? Or is it both?


texts: Ripple JSON API - Can I use more than one destination while transaction?

texts:
In Ripple API,

Is there any apis available to split payment which I can pass more than one destination address in single transaction.

Let me share code:

const RippleAPI = require('ripple-lib').RippleAPI;

const api = new RippleAPI({
    server: 'wss://s.altnet.rippletest.net:51233' // Public rippled server
});

//Payment API:
const address = 'r4Ct32uDZvL9e5GRbPftAnu8rpCg7aXXXX';
const secret = 'shvtBfNDJ3yf9sqGoc7XUgSTnXXXX';
const instructions = {maxLedgerVersionOffset: 5};
const payment = {
    source: {
        address: address,
        maxAmount: {
            value: '1.01',
            currency: 'XRP'
        }
    },
    destination: [{
        address: 'rn8KqzsH7b8fGZYmbaDXinLb8XffneXXXX',
        amount: {
            value: '1.01',
            currency: 'XRP'
        }
    },
    {
        address: 'rn8KqzsH7b8fGZYmbaDXinLb8XffneXXXX',
        amount: {
            value: '2.01',
            currency: 'XRP'
        }
    }]
};
function quit(message) {
    console.log(message);
    process.exit(0);
}
function fail(message) {
    console.error(message);
    process.exit(1);
}
api.connect().then(() => {
    console.log('Connected...');
    return api.preparePayment(address, payment, instructions).then(prepared => {
        console.log('Payment transaction prepared...');
        const {signedTransaction} = api.sign(prepared.txJSON, secret);
        console.log('Payment transaction signed...');
        api.submit(signedTransaction).then(quit, fail);
    });
}).catch(fail);

Currently, I am getting error I am passing designation address in array. But If i will as object then it will work fine. But I need to pass more than one address in single transaction.

Can you please give solution ASAP about it?


texts: Can I use blockfilterindex in pruned mode?

texts:
I run a node in pruned mode. I want to enable blockfilterindex. What I expected the node to do was:

start downloading blocks from the very beginning;
create the block filter as it goes through the blocks;
only keep the last N MB of blocks stored.

What really happened was:
$ bitcoind -blockfilterindex -prune=550
Error: Prune mode is incompatible with -txindex.

I understand that it is not possible to enable block filtering without downloading all blocks, but why does it require storing all the blocks?


texts: If I am on a fork, can the reindex parameter fix this?

texts:
I've been reading confusing information online about what the --reindex startup parameter does.

This link is not clear to me.

https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/631df3ee87ec93e1fc748715671cdb5cff7308e6/src/init.cpp#L388

  gArgs.AddArg("-reindex", "Rebuild chain state and block index from the
  blk*.dat files on disk", ArgsManager::ALLOW_ANY,
  OptionsCategory::OPTIONS);

So, if I am on a fork because a mandatory upgrade occurred, I did not know about it, and I am no longer on the main chain, would a --reindex fix this?


texts:
I would like to start a Wallet Protection Service, but simply add myself as a signatory to wallets using the Married Wallets standard.

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/bitcoinj/Uxl-z40OLuQ

I have looked at the design documents, but I cannot find a good how-to for creating Pluggable Signers for a Married Wallet.

Has anyone done this, that might be willing to offer a brief summary?


texts: When was the paper of bitcoin announced?

texts: When examining about this, it is said that many are November 1, 2008, but on the other hand, there are sites that are on October 31st. Which one is correct?


texts: How does merged mining work on a technical level?

texts:
In bitcoin, miners hash the header twice with the SHA256 function. This header consists of the fields listed below, as described by this question.

version
previousHashBlock
merkleRoot
time
difficulty
nonce

This header data only applies to one chain. I don't get how we can mine on two different chains, as their merkleRoot and their previousHashBlock are totally different? We obviously can't have the same transactions on both merkle trees since we are talking about two different cryptocurrency chains with different transactions. So how do some pools manage to do that?

The question "How does merged mining work?" explains the broad concept of merged mining, but I'm looking for specific technical details. A byte-by-byte description of how merged mining works would be very helpful.


texts:
SPV (lightweight) users do not have a chain. (Well, some SPV users have a fraction of the full chain, but some SPV users only have block headers. Am I correct?)

If a block is created by a miner and a SPV user receives this block, he must append this block to the existing block chain, but this SPV user does not have the blockchain in this case, so what does SPV user do with a block when he receives it?

Do they just attach its block header to what the SPV user has at that time?


texts:
I'm trying really hard to understand how bitcoin works.

I understand that bitcoin miners does proof of work, and creates blocks, and then transactions are sealed inside this block to become "confirmed". And this has something to do with double spending.. somehow..

So, my questions is, why cant we do a similar decentralized network, without proof of work/blockchain? In this network, we just keep a list of all transactions (akin to blockchain) (a copy for each node), and then use majority rule. Ie, if there is a dispute in the new transaction, we just go to every node, check their list of all transactions, and if the new transaction contradicts majority of list of all transactions, then the new transaction will be rejected etc. And nobody need to solve any hard math problems (ie proof of work)

And for new transactions, our protocol can be following: If nobody disputes the transaction over the next 60minutes, then we set confirmed flag of this transaction to be 1, and thus this transaction is now confirmed etc.

In other words, im struggling to understand the value of proof-of-work process in bitcoin.


texts:
Now if the question is stupid forgive me.

From what i have understood so far( i could be wrong )

Bitcoin is a digital currency service.

Q : What is difference between coinbase.com,blockchain.info and thousand other sites who give me a unique bitcoin address upon registration ? Also are those bitcoin address unique globally or per site ?

You can earn money by bitcoin mining ( letting a software solve some complex mathematical problems in your computer)

Q : why do we need to solve a problem ? cant it have like a database which checks id/password combination like paypal and others on a server ?


texts: Assumed, I hash the next bitcoin block. Whom do I tell if it's decentralized?

texts:
The bitcoin network is decentralized, right?

Assumed, I do hash a little bit and get a hash that starts with 20 Zeros..

What do I do than? I need to send the block to someone but who is that? It's decentralized... Do I send it to all the other miners?


texts: Is it safer to use one type of hardware wallet of several?

texts: I know that there are several brands of hardware wallets with open source firmware that are considered safe. Is it better to just one that is safe and you are most familiar with? Or would hedging by storing coins in multiple wallets make sense just in case some exploit is found in the future?


texts:
Why am I able to export private keys using my seedless online Electrum wallet?

I thought this wallet is not meant to be able to expose any of my Bitcoin, but yet it has the option to export private keys? I have not gone to the point of actually exporting them because I'm scared it will compromise me somehow since I can't even set a password on seedless Electrum, so perhaps it is just a redundant option?


texts:
I can't broadcast the transaction to the zcash testnet. I will give the entire steps clearly. Could anyone tell me where I am doing wrong.This is my zcash address "tmRvLFZ3Lnz9vhd9bG2JuWakYESEi4ukxqs". Private key - "cSwoLKkeHSj3zaKAqiv8DXKXQVm18Ci3vwTvgrtPAS6a2YJ1HeRY"

step:1 zcash-cli listunspent 6 9999999 "[\"tmRvLFZ3Lnz9vhd9bG2JuWakYESEi4ukxqs\"]"
[
  {
    "txid": "8a1ce0ecc491ba2cb234674662769774ce81e4beaa7a7aff466aa62ea8b8345b",
    "vout": 1,
    "generated": false,
    "address": "tmRvLFZ3Lnz9vhd9bG2JuWakYESEi4ukxqs",
    "scriptPubKey": "76a914b1c61a54ae002ef35bf1fcdbdde9ea9e02b486bc88ac",
    "amount": 2.89999774,
    "confirmations": 16,
    "spendable": true
  }
]

step:2

    zcash-cli createrawtransaction "[{\"txid\":\"8a1ce0ecc491ba2cb234674662769774ce81e4beaa7a7aff466aa62ea8b8345b\",\"vout\":1}]" "{\"tmGrqWFJQJtYXFwm6b4ptKpDetNTWdpc3kX\":0.4,\"tmFHNDXpWYgRQ44FXPidCiiq1Rfx9gESuQ1\":2.39999774}"
output for step-2 "030000807082c403015b34b8a82ea66a46ff7a7aaabee481ce74977662466734b22cba91c4ece01c8a0100000000ffffffff02005a6202000000001976a9144e63b9f685635c97f578c2e94f4aba622b65d11a88ac1e1b4e0e000000001976a9143d171848a9caf0a64b7f069b116675bca56ac08b88ac00000000a52a030000"

step:3

zcash-cli signrawtransaction "030000807082c403015b34b8a82ea66a46ff7a7aaabee481ce74977662466734b22cba91c4ece01c8a0100000000ffffffff02005a6202000000001976a9144e63b9f685635c97f578c2e94f4aba622b65d11a88ac1e1b4e0e000000001976a9143d171848a9caf0a64b7f069b116675bca56ac08b88ac00000000a52a030000" "[{\"txid\":\"8a1ce0ecc491ba2cb234674662769774ce81e4beaa7a7aff466aa62ea8b8345b\",\"vout\":1,\"scriptPubKey\":\"76a914b1c61a54ae002ef35bf1fcdbdde9ea9e02b486bc88ac\",\"amount\":2.89999774}]" "[\"private_key\"]"
output :
{
  "hex": "030000807082c403015b34b8a82ea66a46ff7a7aaabee481ce74977662466734b22cba91c4ece01c8a010000006a47304402201607a0454a641dc28a81324dd292275780fde44bbdec4d95131d0be35bcd591f0220601161a481a4b690076febf5c1c7508cddfd1972fda432b9bbc55d87289beb9c012103472fba697de28693fea3ea2d7a0d744d164d6264f8c4f44648eb904162387fe4ffffffff02005a6202000000001976a9144e63b9f685635c97f578c2e94f4aba622b65d11a88ac1e1b4e0e000000001976a9143d171848a9caf0a64b7f069b116675bca56ac08b88ac00000000a52a030000",
  "complete": true
}

step:4

zcash-cli sendrawtransaction "030000807082c403015b34b8a82ea66a46ff7a7aaabee481ce74977662466734b22cba91c4ece01c8a010000006a47304402201607a0454a641dc28a81324dd292275780fde44bbdec4d95131d0be35bcd591f0220601161a481a4b690076febf5c1c7508cddfd1972fda432b9bbc55d87289beb9c012103472fba697de28693fea3ea2d7a0d744d164d6264f8c4f44648eb904162387fe4ffffffff02005a6202000000001976a9144e63b9f685635c97f578c2e94f4aba622b65d11a88ac1e1b4e0e000000001976a9143d171848a9caf0a64b7f069b116675bca56ac08b88ac00000000a52a030000"
output:
error code: -25
error message:


texts: Can A Mining Farm Profit From Transactions

texts:
Background

Last night, I debated a friend of mine about the decentralized nature of bitcoin.  He made an argument indicating that the Chinese Communist Party isn't concerned about bitcoin because more and more bitcoin transactions are completed in China and he believes the Communist Party of China is behind these mining farms.  He claims that once all bitcoins are mined, with China owning as many mining farms as they do, they can charge a tiny fraction for every transaction they process, thus making a stable bitcoin revenue over the long run.  His point is that it's in their inherent interest for bitcoin to become important for their citizens to use, as it's a small tax on all the usage.

This is his way of explaining why China, unlike Russia, hasn't made bitcoin illegal for citizens to use (even if the citizens are trying to hide capital).  I was not aware that a miner processing transactions could charge a small fee.

Question

Can a company/country set up a mining farm for processing transactions and charge a fraction for every transaction, say 0.0001 bitcoins per every transaction it completes?


texts: How to deserialize the Transaction Count in a raw block?

texts:
In the bitcoin-book, the "Transaction Counter" part of a block is documented as being 1~9 bytes long instead of a fixed size.
How is this counter parsed from the raw data?


texts: Setting up wallet on new machine with 12 word passphrase - next button greyed out

texts:
I have Electrum 2.8.0 on a Mac with a wallet I'm logged into.

I've gone to Wallet / Seed to get the 12 word passphrase.

I then have a Windows 10 PC with Electrum 2.9.3 on. In the install Wizard I type in the 12 words, but then 'Next' button is still greyed out.

Shouldn't the Next button stop being greyed out when I've typed all 12 words (checked multiple times)? How do i restore using the passphrase seed on the new computer?


texts:
I run a coldcard with Electrum and Electrum-Personal-Server. As I understand it, we use hardware wallets because we don't trust our laptops.

However, I've only been able to verify the sending addresses on the coldcard's screen when I sign transactions, as well as verify my own personal receiving addresses using the addresses explorer function: https://blog.coinkite.com/address-explorer/

What remains is to verify my change addresses.

I'd like to do this manually on my laptop, using a virtual machine (I imagine it'd have to be pretty specialized malware to interfere with that).

Does anyone have some resources for manually deriving native segwit addresses from xpubs that they can point me to?

Thank you,


texts: Node: How to keep persistent incoming connection?

texts:
I've written a simple script "node" that will connect to the local node running on my computer.

I can see that it's connected using:

$ bitcoin-cli getpeerinfo

{
    "id": 27,
    "addr": "127.0.0.1:37992",
    "addrlocal": "127.0.0.1:18333",
    "services": "0000000000000001",
    "relaytxes": true,
    "lastsend": 1479746037,
    "lastrecv": 1479746037,
    "bytessent": 325460,
    "bytesrecv": 6007,
    "conntime": 1479745618,
    "timeoffset": 0,
    "pingwait": 419.673504,
    "version": 60002,
    "subver": "",
    "inbound": true,
    "startingheight": 0,
    "banscore": 0,
    "synced_headers": -1,
    "synced_blocks": -1,
    "inflight": [
    ],
    "whitelisted": false,
    "bytessent_per_msg": {
      "block": 236393,
      "getheaders": 1053,
      "inv": 5898,
      "ping": 32,
      "tx": 81934,
      "verack": 24,
      "version": 126
    },
    "bytesrecv_per_msg": {
      "getdata": 5898,
      "version": 109
    }
  }
}

However, the script will eventually lose connection to my local node and stop receiving messages. This usually happens within a space of an hour.

What causes a node to drop a connection to an incoming node?
Is it possible to make my local node to allow a permanent incoming connection (from my local script)?

EDIT: I've tried addnode=127.0.0.1 in my bitcoin.conf, but it doesn't help with reconnecting if the connection is dropped.


texts:
There are a total of ~16 million bitcoins in existence, and 21 million
  total will be available. Therefore, there are ~5 million bitcoins
  still to be mined from now until around 2140. How much bitcoin is left
  to mine? - ...

Source:
https://www.quora.com

Why does nobody can mine any bitcoin after 2140? Given this information is true?


texts: Can you combine 2 of 3 brain wallet addresses to form a multi-address?

texts:
Is there a way to use 2 of 3 brain wallet addresses to create a multi-signature address? How can this be done? I was hoping to do this with warp wallet if that is possible or not.

I'm assuming it would be like this:

3 people create their own brain wallet address via warp wallet tool.
These 3 people put their address through a multi-sig tool?
The tool spits out a 4th address that is the funding address?

FYI, I never did a multi-signature send before so I'm just assuming that's how it would work. If not, please correct my view of how it actually works if you were to use a brain wallet.


texts: Are there valid transactions which are impossible to mine?

texts:
Is it possible to have a bitcoin transaction T that is valid with a very generous transaction fee for which it is impossible for T to be included in the next block, or even in all subsequent blocks?

The block header contains a hash of the previous block header as well the hash of the merkle root of all transactions in the block. Can T exist such that including T in the block renders all possible nonce values for that block futile in solving the mining puzzle?

I'm guessing that the existence of such a transaction for any particular network configuration occurs with very low probability. Is there a proof which shows that such an event is unlikely or even impossible due to the cryptographic properties of the SHA256 hash function?


texts: If I have a Blockchain which consists of few smart contracts. Let's say that the Blockchain consists of 2000 blocks. When a new block is added to the Blockchain then does the smart contract runs on all 2000 + 1 blocks or only the last one?


texts: Transaction broadcasts and block synchronization

texts:
In the original publication about bitcoin, in section 5 it states that

  If two nodes broadcast different versions of the next block
  simultaneously , some nodes may receive one or the other first. In
  that case, they work on the first one they received but save the other
  branch in case it becomes longer. The tie will be broken when the next
  proof-of-work is found and one branch becomes longer;

the author then states

  New transaction broadcasts do not necessarily need to reach all nodes.
  As long as they reach many nodes, they will get into a block before
  long.

My question is: How do lost transactions "get into a block before long"? Are they constantly re-transmitted until they are 6 blocks deep and the proof of work has been completed? Is it possible that a transaction could be re-transmitted indefinitely, and it might never be put into a block that is fully synchronized?


texts:
I am using LevelDBFullPrunedBlockStore as a BlockChain. once in every 2-3 chainsplit in the network my bitcoinJ node stops to download new block. The scenario is always the same

1)My node get block on height x that network will mark as orphaned later
2)My node gets block x+1 (from mainchain) and says that block x (orphaned by the network later) will be orphaned
3)My node get the mainchain block on height x and says that "could not verify block"

Later peers are sending me single transactions, but I am unable to download any more blocks, there is no logs about the new block at all. I did not change anything in the code that is responsible for block persistence. When I restart the application it does not download any new block as well.

Here is log form Saturday where it happend:

2017-05-13 22:45:56 INFO  AbstractBlockChain:597 - Block forks the chain at height 466251/block 000000000000000000c0b4c4e062b8cc77a5fd3dc5594bee9fd5a8cacdeba92b, but it did not cause a reorganize:
000000000000000001b3699313793566fb947d554173c5f19fe790e597adedbf
2017-05-13 22:45:56 INFO  AbstractBlockChain:926 - Connected orphan 00000000000000000005b2d8a9d429b050a5a9ba4d44dbe1543280d6e89b77af
2017-05-13 22:45:56 INFO  AbstractBlockChain:576 - Block is causing a re-organize
2017-05-13 22:45:56 INFO  AbstractBlockChain:752 - Re-organize after split at height 466251
2017-05-13 22:45:56 INFO  AbstractBlockChain:753 - Old chain head: 000000000000000000c89a56fec1a04a5981e7f614e6ba2f877559fc2ef9e138
2017-05-13 22:45:56 INFO  AbstractBlockChain:754 - New chain head: 00000000000000000005b2d8a9d429b050a5a9ba4d44dbe1543280d6e89b77af
2017-05-13 22:45:56 INFO  AbstractBlockChain:755 - Split at block: 000000000000000000c0b4c4e062b8cc77a5fd3dc5594bee9fd5a8cacdeba92b
2017-05-13 22:45:57 WARN  Peer:1025 - [2a03:4000:2:496:0:0:0:8]:8333: Block verification failed
org.bitcoinj.core.VerificationException: Could not verify block:
 block:
   hash: 000000000000000001b3699313793566fb947d554173c5f19fe790e597adedbf
   version: 536870912 (BIP34, BIP66, BIP65)
   previous block: 000000000000000000c0b4c4e062b8cc77a5fd3dc5594bee9fd5a8cacdeba92b
   merkle root: dcf81e3a220fa3a14ed09cd76497e13fb9c9affeef9c9ce052c9c1e1854fac26
   time: 1494708074 (2017-05-13T20:41:14Z)
   difficulty target (nBits): 402781863
   nonce: 2897470832
   with 2100 transaction(s):
  8a0d0a5f11ef31f974f59658c27824b2ddacba88e6b6dfa1865caa48bf4bb444

Did anyone had the same issue? I have no clue what I suppose to do.


texts: How is the amount of proof-of-work invested in a chain calculated?

texts:
The bitcoin whitepaper (page 3) states

  The majority
  decision is represented by the longest chain, which has the greatest proof-of-work effort invested
  in it.

I could not find how exactly this difficulty is calculated.

Is it the sum of prefix zeros of the nonces of each block?

I found this answer but it is too short for me to understand.


texts: Can I mine cryptocurrency using Javascript?

texts:
Is it a good idea to mine a Scrypt-based cryptocurrency, like Dogecoin or Digitalcoin, using Javascript instead of having paid ads.

The script would mine using all computers visiting my website.


texts: Submitting an old balance sheet in the lightning network

texts:
If either party can close a lightning network channel by submitting their version of the balance sheet. What stops one party submitting an old version of the balance that favours them?

Would the Blockchain honour this balance sheet and distribute the locked funds accordingly? How would the miners know that the balance sheet is not the most current one?


texts: How do you return a specific amount of bitcoin to an address?

texts:
I am trying to write a program to receive bitcoin, and then after some time, return the same amount of bitcoin to the same address.

How would you do this? Does bitcoin have the ability to send and receive coins through the same address, or would I have to ask for a return address and somehow link the sent amount address to the return address?


texts:
Imagine a Lightning Network node A that maintains a bidirectional payment channel with one peer B. For this channel to be maximally useful, some of its value must belong to A. To update channel state, A must have ready access to one or more private keys. To communicate with B, A must also maintain a network connection.

Putting these three requirements together means that A must maintain a hot wallet controlling value. Ordinarily, this would open A up to loss of funds through network-based attacks.

The case of a Lightning node is more nuanced in terms of what can be stolen and what can be done with stolen material.

Three pieces of cryptographic material can potentially be stolen:

the private key allowing the node to update channel state;
the preimage of the current state's hash value, or previous preimages;
one or more channel states.

Now imagine that an attacker breaks into A:

he can not steal the money for himself without B's private key;
he can try to sell the preimage of the current state's hash value to B;
he can publish the current hash value preimiage, allowing B to steal the money;
he can sign an publish the current channel state (closing it without contention), or a previous state (allowing B to steal the money).

So an attacker is much more restricted than otherwise. He can't steal money outright. But he can work with B to steal the money. Alternatively, if B is the attacker, then no collaboration is needed to claim the entire channel value.

Is there anything I'm missing here? What countermeasures could A deploy to further limit what can be done in the event that an attacker gains access to one or more pieces of cryptographic material?


texts: my unconfirmed transactions hold for over 1 day

texts:
I have following 2 unconfirmed bitcoin incoming transaction for one day, can you please advise how to speed up?
1Eg8thYVMBTpXg78FQo2sXhxeFdZWB9DjN
1D3grbjFXZWUp1wCApLTHQ9GAxsyyAawkU


texts: Is it possible to read every transaction my node relays?

texts:
I'd like to add every valid transaction my node receives to my own database.

At the moment, I'm using getrawmempool every second to find new transactions, and then getting the data for them using getrawtransaction.

However, these bitcoin-cli queries can be slow. So is there a way to "intercept" every valid transaction my node relays without having to use bitcoin-cli? Preferably using PHP?


texts: Bitcoin Core 0.13 How many addresses it can **effectively** manage?

texts:
I want to know, what's the maximum amount of addresses that Bitcoin Core 0.13 can manage?
All addresses should belong to the default account.

I want to use walletnotify feature
How startup time depends from the number of addresses my wallet holds?
How all other JSONRPC calls behave if my wallet holds many addresses?


texts: Do I need 145GB disk space to validate and relay transactions with Bitcoin Core?

texts: I wish to withdraw my bitcoin to an external wallet address under my control. I have downloaded a wallet software (Bitcoin Core) but I read that it's a full node that validates and relays transactions on the bitcoin network and requires more space (over 145GB). Does it mean that its node cannot validate and relay transactions unless my computer has about 145GB space? How do I know if my computer has the required space? Thank you.


texts: Which bitcoin documentation is the official one for bitcoin core?

texts:
English Google searches about bitcoind and bitcoin-cli often lead to two sites:

https://en.bitcoin.it
https://bitcoin.org

Any idea which one is the official one, endorsed by the maintainers?


texts: How to get BTC and ETH prices from Binance in Google Sheets?

texts:
I've been using the CRYPTOFINANCE() function in Google Sheets for a while but I can't seem to find out how to pull data from my exchange (Binance).

I'm specifically looking for the BTC/USD and ETH/USD markets. Using the syntax in the doc1 gives me #ERROR in my cells.
My syntax is =CRYPTOFINANCE("BINANCE:BTC/USD")

Anybody had this problem before and managed to fix it?


texts:
I have bitcoin core wallet i havent use since 2013. i let it sync fully now but it won't show my bitcoin balance and this shows up.....
Warning: Unknown block versions being mined! It's possible unknown rules are in effect.
can someone tell me what do to do?


texts: So I just happen to know that arbitrage is possible yesterday and found a way to detect an arbitrage opportunity across all exchanges through all markets. But the thing that sucked is that exchanges disable the deposit and withdrawal whenever a coin is feasible for an arbitrage. My question is that, would it be possible to send coins to an exchange that disabled the deposit to that coin? I


texts:
I'm trying to understand Proof of Work and something doesn't seem to fit,

First, it seems to me that the faster the network can confirm a transaction, better is. I'm coming from a computing background where more throughput, better.

So why Bitcoin for example imposes a 10 min average? And  why use difficult to impose that average? Why not simply let the network go faster as it grows, this would make more likely to be adopted in day usage


texts: How do wallet-sites generate large numbers of Bitcoin addresses?

texts: How do online Bitcoin wallet sites work? How can they have thousands of addresses laying around, or do they create them on the fly?  What sort of software is used to create all those Bitcoin addresses?  The reason I ask, is that I'm toying with an idea for a website that would require per-user Bitcoin addresses for payment.


texts: Cryptocurrency Exchanges that accept VISA Debit Card Payment

texts: Please suggest some Cryptocurrency exchanges that accept VISA Debit Card payments.


texts: How does Chaum style e-cash work? (all the Wiki links are broken)

texts:
I'm trying to learn how Chaum-style ecash worked specifically how:

  "the issuer does a blind signature on a serial number"

I tried looking up on Wikipedia but the page is pretty light on the details, and all the pages don't work (even the Wayback machine pages are broken)