texts: Lightning Network: asymmetry in the information tracked by each participant?

texts:
In following paper, written by Christian Decker et al., there is a paragraph that is not clear to me.

eltoo: A Simple Layer2 Protocol for Bitcoin

  "The central idea of Lightning is to invalidate an old state by
  punishing the participant publishing it, and claiming all the funds in
  the channel. This however introduces an intrinsic asymmetry in the
  information tracked by each participant. The replaced states turn into
  toxic information as soon as they are replaced, and leaking that
  information may result in funds being stolen. The asymmetry also
  limits Lightning to two participants."

There are following points that are not clear to me:

(1) Does asymmetry mean the information tracked by each participant (payer and recipient) are NOT the same (or are NOT equal)?

(2) What is the reason of this asymmetry?

(3) What does "turn into toxic information" mean?

(4) The last sentence: "asymmetry also limits Lightning to two participants", Does it mean that we can expect a payment transaction can have more than two participants? since a payment logically has only two participants: a payer and a recipient.


texts: Trying to run bitcoind gives Segmentation Fault

texts:
Trying to run bitcoind on Ubuntu 16.04 and have all the required libraries after following the guide in the Mastering Bitcoin Book. After building from source without any parameters triggered i get the following error:

bitcoind
Segmentation fault (core dumped)

Apparently this is due to trying to access a memory index out of bounds however does anyone know how i might be able to resolve it?

Any help would be great :)


texts: reconstruct block template from stratum mining.notify

texts:
I have a mining notification from a stratum pool. I wish to write a general script to extract the value of the block reward that the pool is taking. That is, reconstruct the block template, or at least the sum of the coinbase transaction outputs / block reward, given the stratum mining.notify JSON. For example, we have the mining.notify JSON for a Digibyte sha256d block template:

{"id":null,"method":"mining.notify","params":["8c6e","4aab33fcf4579faee35bde813ad6f66f8e1c3fed97fb5763ac6de4d02b301277","01000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffff210472329000048b2c825d08","0d2f6e6f64655374726174756d2f00000000020000000000000000266a24aa21a9ede2f61c3f71d1defd3fa999dfa36953755c690689799962b48bebd836974e8cf9cd1576270f0000001976a914f54c85705d38622a202c6f97caf7248cc4be001c88ac00000000",[],"20000202","1908ef40","5d822c8b",true]}

Here, the "coinb2" string is:

0d2f6e6f64655374726174756d2f00000000020000000000000000266a24aa21a9ede2f61c3f71d1defd3fa999dfa36953755c690689799962b48bebd836974e8cf9**cd1576270f000000**1976a914f54c85705d38622a202c6f97caf7248cc4be001c88ac00000000

and this is the important part for the output transactions.

It turns out that in this case the reward is cd1576270f000000, written with bytes reversed, which corresponds to a base 10 integer value of 65086559693. If there is only one output address, we can guess here that the reward is the 8 bytes before the 1976, but what if there are many output addresses?

How can we find the sum of all outputs of the coinbase transaction given the "coinb2" string in the most general case?


texts: Creating Testnet Bitcoin Transaction with bitcoinjs-lib

texts:
I'm trying to setup a simple bitcoin testnet transaction using the bitcoinjs-lib npm module.  It seems like I'm building the transaction correctly, and I receive the hex code but I think I'm unable to broadcast my transaction for some reason.  Here is my code:

const address_1 = 'mzMVV43nRcdGdL9D6xuMez2GkHq8oN1965'; //balance: 130281960 satoshi
const address_2 = 'moCytanji9FNUsDJWVeDGdEFxtGT5psHM6'; //balance: 0 satoshi

const input = {
  sender_prev_txid: 'efc912c7ea9b6eafe129c5fcc64c76d8adc87120bf09196e56c39ced84e6eb36'
};

const output = {
  address: address_2,
  satoshi: 130200000
};

const createTestnetTransaction = (wif, input, output) => {
  const transaction = new bitcoin.TransactionBuilder(bitcoin.networks.testnet);
  const sender = bitcoin.ECPair.fromWIF(wif, bitcoin.networks.testnet);

  transaction.setVersion(1);
  transaction.addInput(input.sender_prev_txid, 0);
  transaction.addOutput(output.address, output.satoshi);
  transaction.sign(0, sender);
  console.log(transaction.build().toHex());
};

createTestnetTransaction(wif_1, input, output);

Using the following hex code:

010000000136ebe684ed9cc3566e1909bf2071c8add8764cc6fcc529e1af6e9beac712c9ef000000006b483045022100ce67916a053e94faf940e81ae665fc81daae226d1a70e7a5bc82adac302a290802207b564151889dd22b9e755297ca502b06f1345106296379762daeae2ac46d0af301210226a0c89db3a526fc5751606bf2592bd1477a4ac0d95616a4dd6b01ba65080a96ffffffff01c0b1c207000000001976a914545ad9c5df8da219b16f8c844498090aa88a764c88ac00000000

I receive the error: 'Error validating transaction: Transaction efc912c7ea9b6eafe129c5fcc64c76d8adc87120bf09196e56c39ced84e6eb36 referenced by input 0 of a7f8e0b48c77b5c192f301d655dffcedee1bd8aac2a5a058bb9552b4ff711002 has already been spent..'

If someone could help point out what I'm doing wrong and help my complete the transaction that would be great, thanks!


texts: Wallet advice for users without technical knowledge

texts: I just want to buy £50 worth and forget about it for ten years. I live in the UK, don't have a smartphone, bank online, but can't prove ID easily (because I rent a room in a block). I don't understand highly technical explanations. What's the best wallet for me?


texts: How is the human end of the Bitcoin network secured?

texts:
Being devil's advocate right now.

If you have a very strong cryptography, however, secure system's Point of Failure is always the human end. We spend hours trying to make Bitcoin secure at core level, but how secure is at the human level?

I expect big corporations and governments to secretly offer a huge sum of money to any of the developers of Core. I have nightmares about that.

How do we protect against bribery?


texts: I know running Bitcoin over Tor isn't a good idea: Bitcoin over Tor isn’t a good idea. My question is: there are any alternative to hide the IP to the network safely? Using a proxy, if you don't full control / trust it I guess a similar attack can be done. The IP reveals your geographical position. So, how to hide your geographic position and keep running a full node?


texts: how to get private key from passpharase in php?

texts:
i have a passpharase bitcoin, but i don't know how to get private key from my passpharase. I tried using blockchain and electrum and it worked. but here what I need is to find the private key using php.

please help me how to find the private key?


texts:
I have been going through a lot of articles lately which stress on the fact that blockchain technology is going to revolutionize a lot of industries like finance, supply-chain, health care, etc. On further research in the matter, I found that almost all the articles only prophesized the same above claim, but none of them had any hint of a solution how it would happen.

Later I searched for libraries and frameworks provided by people and almost all that I saw were forks of Bitcoin Core.

Can someone please tell me some other blockchain schema unlike bitcoin's. And some help in explaining how blockchain, and specifically bitcoin blockchain is applicable in say the health care sector.


texts: In what respect is Bitcoin "programmable cash"?

texts:
In my local Bitcoin meetup, someone said Bitcoin is "programmable cash".
Can someone please explain if and to what respect this is true? I read about a few BIP (Bitcoin improvement proposals) that specify something about that, but I'm not sure I'm getting the complete picture.
Thanks in advance for your help!


texts: import multisig wallet into bitcoin core, Vpub keys are not valid. how to?

texts:
I'm trying to import an HD multisig wallet created with Electrum into Bitcoin core v0.21.0.0.
I managed to do so with the fantastic cryptoadvance.specter server, but I also would like to import it using the standard bitcoin-cli commands.
This is what I managed to do so far, and it only works if I convert the pub keys Vpub Multi-signature P2WSH to tpub P2PKH, so for example:
Vpub5fRxfoprsHS9Vnhq1grZcJrWSRmSeBZbLCbnTJcvSDXr3xoBurx8MUt8UmHCsTVPXqk1rNpgt3X3KAvcJzCZvwn9yQymrWhwMJpEYysLqQV
becomes
tpubD8a2g9FwJxvC3c7YBvwvQL35Ph7jJTN4PnarTPCJAND6HGXSizk4ew1JxWKgqLXZuZSZ6KXZTFfgem2ar1itGNUywE1XJTY9azG4WBr25hn
then I can run this program and it seems to be working fine, unless it's not because the resulting addresses are very different. (the wallet created with Specter matches perfectly the one in Electrum, it finds the correct transactions as well)
#!/bin/sh

wallet=$1
pub1=$2
pub2=$3

echo "Making wallet '${wallet}' from ${pub1} ${pub2}"

rawdescriptor="wsh(sortedmulti(2,${pub1}/*,${pub2}/*))"
descriptor=$(bitcoin-cli getdescriptorinfo $rawdescriptor | jq -r '.descriptor')
bitcoin-cli deriveaddresses  ${descriptor} "[0,0]"

bitcoin-cli createwallet $wallet true
bitcoin-cli -rpcwallet=$1  importmulti '[{"desc": "'$descriptor'", "internal": false, "range": [0, 1000], "timestamp": 1609459200, "keypool": true, "watchonly": true, "label": "lol"}]' '{ "rescan": true}'
# bitcoin-cli -rpcwallet=$1 rescanblockchain

I can't use the Vpub keys because bitcoin-cli (v0.21.0.0) throws this message:
key 'vpub5UXsYa6RJKsn5DYT52PanEWhidjBRpt11vx7Y3MP4ShSRnEH9TZrGN2Cg4KjK2GVJNg2ynpZzq8YC1Jr1m3cnTfV8wsNT7EwTaYMy4PCDAg' is not valid.

At this stage i’m only interested into a watch only wallet, so i don’t need to use private keys.
Also, I'm in testnet and I have testnet=1 on my bitcoin.conf
I've tried reading as much as I could but I think i hit a wall now and I don't know how to continue.
Any help would be greatly appreciated


texts:
I've come across the term of a tainted coin several times now.
I understand that coins, or better, the origin of a coin can be traced throughout the blockchain.

I've read that bitcoins can be disassociated from an address, by sending it to a sufficiently large enough wallet which handles many transactions, thus making a transactions origin "untraceable".

This collides with my understanding of the blockchain, where each transaction can be tracked back to its origin.

What does the concept of a tainted coin mean in this context and how can a coins taint be measured?


texts: How can I generate preimage for lightning network invoice? Should I?

texts:
I'm developing API library for LND REST API.
Method POST /v1/invoices requires r_preimage parameter.
Should I generate it or LND can do it itself if I'll not specify it?
If I should do that - how to do it properly? General description would be enough.


texts:
In the Lightning Network, what is the definition of a zombie channel?

Can they clearly be identified or is it more of a undefined term that is used for channels that are assumed to be obsolete?


texts:
Say I want to make a money exchange to sell a small amount of Bitcoin for USD (I've not done this before). I notice a few things that I am not sure I understand when I visited btc-e.com. There are two boxes:

Amount BTC (is initially blank)
Price per BTC (looks like it is set to the Highest Bid Price when the page first loads but doesn't get updated).

Will the 2nd box effect how / if the order gets filled?

If I want to sell as I say then shouldn't the 2nd box be set to a lower price in USD so that they sell quicker? Or say I wanted to put the 2nd box to a value in USD that is higher than the highest bid then will it take longer (or never) to be filled?

The fact that the price in the 2nd box doesn't get updated and is editable seams weird; as I thought it was the spread. What if you left the page open for ages and then hit sell? Surly there would be a totally useless order on the book!?


texts: What is the 25th word in a mnemonic seed when used on a ledger nano s?

texts: By default ledger nano s generates a 24 word mnemonic. What is the 25th word feature? Is the the passphrase they are talking about?


texts: Why is OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY disabled by maximum sequence number?

texts:
In the code for OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY i noticed that if the txin sequence number is maxxed out then the script will fail to validate. I'm wondering what the point of this is? Why would anybody ever submit a transaction that will fail to verify to the network?

Here is the relevant section of code:

// Finally the nLockTime feature can be disabled and thus
// CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY bypassed if every txin has been
// finalized by setting nSequence to maxint. The
// transaction would be allowed into the blockchain, making
// the opcode ineffective.
//
// Testing if this vin is not final is sufficient to
// prevent this condition. Alternatively we could test all
// inputs, but testing just this input minimizes the data
// required to prove correct CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY execution.
if (txTo->vin[nIn].IsFinal())
    return false;

I'm also confused about the comments in the code for this. They say that every sequence number has to be maxxed out to get the script to fail to validate, but it looks to me like this is not true - it looks like only one sequence number needs to be maxxed out and then the whole transaction (all txins) will fail. And I assume this would mean that the transaction will therefore not be included in the blockchain? But that runs counter to the code comments. It would make sense if there were a ! on the if condition.


texts: How would i use a quantitative data site like coinmarketcap.com?

texts: I understand that I could calculate my hashrate and thus expected profitability per hardware speed, but I don't understand how to valuate what market price 'should' be and how to actually valuate an alt-coin.  I am trying to get past feelings based speculation and want feedback from what other crypto day traders do.


texts: ZMQ Raw TX doesn't include all transactions

texts:
I'm running a Bitcore.io node and using their ZMQ hook but I've noticed that on livenet not all transactions are actually being sent. I've been comparing it to https://blockchain.info/unconfirmed-transactions and my realtime logs and can see that some don't appear.

I've also tried creating a transaction to a output address and notifying us of this when it occurs and it hasn't appeared indicating my suspicions are correct.

This only happens on livenet, ran all our tests on testnet and it worked perfectly. Could this have something to do with maxconnections? I've tried increasing it to 250


texts: I am thinking of doing cpu mining in the background when users are on my website. Also I am thinking of building a program which does everything in the background(cpu mining), that users can download and run. How much percentage of cpu should i mine for the users to not experience any glitches on their computer? I know it should also depend on the cpu power of the machine but what would be the average percentage that I should take over for this purpose?


texts: College Economics Student in Support of Crypto Looking for Live Hashrate Data

texts: I am a college economics student doing a Thesis project in support of the long term viability of Crypto. Does anyone know where I can get live Hashrate data for free or for sale? I appreciate it - thank you!


texts: Is mainline Bitcoin planning on switching to deterministic wallets?

texts: Deterministic wallets enable reliable backups but the mainline client doesn't use them.  I was told that bitcoind and Bitcoin-QT are planning on switching to deterministic wallets by default, is this correct?  Any idea of when?


texts:
I am developing a bitcoin wallet for education purposes, and i'm working on a getbalance method that given an address i return the balance of the address.

Problem is, when communicating via the RPC protocol i am given the amount in a double format rather than satoshi (int). And i would like to provide the amount in Satoshi's.

How do i properly convert the double amount, into uint64 satoshi amount?
Since double is not an accurate value, how do I make sure that my "users" get the correct value for their balance, or on their transactions?

Thanks,


texts: I'm running an antminer solo on my local bitcoind 'pool' will i get paid?

texts: I'm running an antminer 'a' solo on my local bitcoind 'pool' plus an S5. Both are hashing away lovely, but only the S5 goes through bfgminer, 'a' is connected to my bitcoind 'pool' directly . My question is - what wallet will it use if any i.e. my bitcoin core wallet or can i add my own wallet to bitcoin.conf or some other way as bfgminer does not recognize 'a' or am i missing something here ?


texts: This answer says that Bitcoin is not chance based, may I know how it is deterministic and does not have any associated probability of mining a coin?


texts: Is -blocknotify triggered during catch-up?

texts:
My node is way behind and I noticed the -blocknoitfy action specified in bitcoin.conf is not being triggered. Which is OK for now, because the node has so much catching up to do, the script wouldn't do any good anyway.

Is this correct behavior? At what point does blocknotify start triggering again? My experience is that after a few hours or even a day of downtime, it gets triggered for every block during catch-up (so it could be a dozen triggers all at once, for example)


texts: How to load multiple wallet ? Proper way to handle multiple wallet like account wise wallet

texts:
I am trying understand the multiple wallet.I took the reference from this link

What I want to do ?

Right now in single wallet we can create multiple accounts and each accounts can have multiple addresses using getnewaddress command from -cli

So when we start coin core daemon to load multiple wallet its required to pass wallet file too(correct me if I am wrong here) like below

./hellocoind -wallet=john.dat -wallet=jimmy.dat

Question :

Is it proper way to give multiple wallet with -wallet & argument ? and what if any new wallet created if the daemon has been started with two wallet.

eg. after starting daemon with john & jimmy 's wallet want to create new wallet (jack's wallet).

So in above example do I need to stop(./hellocoin-cli stop) daemon and start daemon again with 3 wallets(./hellocoind -wallet=john.dat -wallet=jimmy.dat -wallet=jack.dat) ?

As I wants to create user wise wallet. Not like single wallet will have multiple accounts.

Other details
I am using litecoin source.

For cli I am using like below(correct me if i am doing anything wrong)

./hellocoin-cli -rpcwallet=jimmy.dat listaccounts
{
  "": 0.00000000
}

./hellocoin-cli -rpcwallet=john.dat listaccounts
    {
  "": 49054.98712000,
  "a": 0.00000000
}

For Rest api using as below (correct me if i am doing anything wrong)

curl --user hellocoinrpc:hello108local1234567890 --data-binary '{"jsonrpc": "1.0", "id":"curltest", "method": "listaccounts", "params": [] }' -H 'content-type: text/plain;' http://192.168.39.108:2301/wallet/john.dat

Output :

{"result":{"":49054.98712000,"a":0.00000000},"error":null,"id":"curltest"}

Thanks


texts: Get a JavaScript notification when Bitcoin transaction arrives to a certain address

texts:
I'd like to implement a very simple address monitoring feature on a site I'm working on. I'd like to just be able to say "Listen to this address on the testnet for money to come in", and update the HTML on the page when BTC comes in. I realize Blockchain.info provides a websocket for precisely this, but doesn't provide it for use on testnet3.

I'm sure I'm overlooking something obvious. Any help is greatly appreciated.


texts: Is the Trade History only from the order book or is it also live/market trades

texts: Is the "Trade History" on exchanges like GDAX showing only the order book (limit trades) executions or is it also showing Market trades?


texts:
what's the best way to move money within your own wallet between your own accounts and/or addresses without incurring fees?

  setaccount

  Sets the account associated with the given address. Assigning address that is already assigned to the same account will create a new address associated with that account.

^ That is the closest I can see but the address creation part in my opinion should instead produce a help/warn message.

If I had dust sitting on an address and wanted to move it into a larger pile on my address labeled 'main address' how would I do this?


texts:
I want to develop Exchange where people would use my service to make payments using lightning network

I configured the LND node and created a wallet.

To implement this I would like to allow users to create addresses, and then to send money from one address to another (under same wallet)
Moreover, If they wanted to withdraw money to random simple-bitcoin address (like 1BzVLSNcwznjoynyuFgMXwaGeevycLgDEN)

Therefore the very general question is: Is it possible?

The  questions are:

Assume I created address#1 and address#2 under same wallet. How to transfer funds? Should I open a channel to do that?
Is it possible to send funds from address in lightning network to simple bitcoin address?
Are there any ways to choose sender address (in case users created thousands different addresses and user wants to send satoshis on behalf of himself)


texts: Need to increase mining operation power handling

texts:
What hardware do you need to increase mining operation power handling distribution for capabilities of handling the voltage/wattage?
Any information about this topic is appreciated,  thank you.


texts: No inputs found when using Electrum to sweep private key from Bitcoin Core

texts:
I'm trying to move my bitcoins from Bitcoin Core to Electrum in order to not have to store the blockchain. My starting position is a fully synced Bitcoin Core and a newly created standard Electrum wallet (without any imports).

I'm using the debug console in Bitcoin Core to execute walletpassphrase to unlock my wallet, and dumpprivkey together with the address obtained from File > Receiving addresses...

Once Bitcoin Core spits out a private key I'm following the instructions here http://docs.electrum.org/en/latest/faq.html#can-i-sweep-private-keys-from-other-bitcoin-clients and pasting into the sweep input box and leaving the default address intact.

The exact error message I receive is:

No inputs found. (Note that inputs need to be confirmed)

Am I doing something stupid here? Is this even the best migration procedure?


texts:
I'm new about this market and I don't know if there's some limits about the transactions on the copay wallet. I think to use this wallet for personal and business transactions.
Someone can answer me if I can receive on the wallet several transactions and if there's some limits about btc I can receive?
Tks


texts: My bitcoin-qt client connection status and uptime at http://blockchain.info/connected-nodes does not show reliably - why?

texts:
I've been running a Bitcoin-qt client (v0.7.2 beta) on my Mac for over 24 hours, with blockchain fully sync'ed.

I checked http://blockchain.info/connected-nodes at various times for my IP address. In the first few hours my IP appeared in the list. Then it disappeared for maybe 10 or 15 hours. Currently, it's back in the list, but showing a connection time of only 62 minutes, despite my network connection and IP address being completely stable, and a steady stream of inbound & outbound network traffic to/from the Bitcoin-qt client during the entire >28 hour period since I started it up.

Why would my IP show up at http://blockchain.info/connected-nodes for a certain time, then disappear from the list, then re-appear?

(It also appears that, as of this writing (2013-02-19  18:02:30 UTC,) no client on the list has a connection time of more than about 340-360 minutes. I'd expect it to be in the thousands to tens of thousands of minutes for at least some clients.)


texts:
I am trying to wrap my head around GHOST protocol... I know it's too much to read, but not my fault. It's GHOST that's complicated (i guess)
As I read, it's said that:

instead of a longest chain consensus rule, GHOST follows the path of
the subtree with the combined hardest proof of work/difficulty.

OK, SO Let me explain how I understand it. Every node started at 0 block. Then other nodes mined 1B block, attacker mind 1A block.. and attacker solves his block(belowest one) secretly.He doesn't broadcast it.  Other nodes are at 1B and now there happened to be a fork (2D,2C,2B) since blocks got mined at the same time. then some nodes went ahead and got the longest chain ending at 5B(the most top chain). Remaining nodes(L1) are at 2C and 2B. some nodes(L2) from these remaining nodes(L1) are at 3E,3D,3C. and one of the nodes from L2 is at 4B now. Now, let's take a moment and say that everyone on the network broadcasted their blockchains. Attacker's chain won't be accepted because there's only 1 subtree(one path only).. Also, the most top chain is only one. As we can see on the image, The biggest subtree is 3E, 3D,3C. So what happens is some nodes share 0->1B->2C->3E, some share 0->1B->2C->3D->4B, some share 0->1B->2C->3C. Let's say I am nodeA and I receive all the broadcasted chains. When I get all of those, I have to choose from them. Since I found that different chains are derived from 2C, I should follow that path. I follow it and try to find the longest one in them which results in 0->1B->2C->3d->4B and that's the one i am gonna accept.
In this case, attacker's chain is doomed. so i think one of the problem's chance which is having 51% hash rate power and broadcasting the longest chain has been decreased(which is great). But I still see a couple of issues.

If blocks don't get mined at the same time, we won't have subtrees as shown on the image, Hence GHOST protocol is powerless here. and we still have 51% attack possibility and in this case, attacker's secret chain will succeed.
So, if blocks get mined at the same time, that's when GHOST protocol will help us. I guess GHOST protocol is a little bit of extra safety added on top of proof of work.
but as soon as nodes followed GHOST protocol(which means, they accepted the chain - from the image it's 0->1B->2C->3D->4B), we are back to where we were(longest chain wins). until blocks start to get mined at the same time again..
Let's say attacker broadcasted his chain, and my node received it. And let's also say that i've not received other node's chain due to network propagation delay. How will my node know that it shouldn't accept attacker's chain ? if my node had received all other node's chains, it would figure out that subtree in 0->1B->2C is bigger and would reject attacker's chain. Any idea ?


texts:
So I saw an ad for IBM's blockchain platform, specifically the campaign they have to "turn plastic into money" by way of exchanging recyclable materials for digital tokens.

I was just wondering if anyone knows the specifications of their blockchain. I assume with it being IBM that it's all very centralized and hush-hush, though if you're willing to go the extra mile, or already have an IBM account you can download a technical brief of their platform. Does anyone have this, or know what their consensus mechanism(s) is/are or basically any information pertaining to the technical specifications of the platform?

Thanks in advance!


texts: What mining performance can we roughly expect from the Intel SHA extensions of the upcoming Skylake processor architecture?

texts:
Intel is scheduled to release their new x86 SkyLake microarchitecture in Q3 2015. Among other interesting features, it will introduce SHA extensions that will allow hardware acceleration of the Secure Hash Algorithm family, including SHA256 as used by Bitcoin.

In terms of SHA crunching speed, it is common lore that:

CPU < GPU < FPGA < ASIC

But where will these new extensions fit in this row? And how many orders of magnitude of speed difference can we expect them to have in comparison to the above hardware options?

Would it be useful to compare the extent to which Intel's existing AES extensions speed up AES functions compared to software-only AES?

EDIT: After reading up more on these kinds of special purpose CPU instructions, I realize they will most likely speed things up to be only several times faster than the software baseline; not several orders of magnitude faster, like ASICs, or even FPGAs are. Still, the question might be an interesting reference so I'll leave it.


texts:
Bitcoin utilizes a proof-of-work mechanism to assure against double-spending, as well as providing an example opensource implementation.  However, some countries allow software patents, which could mean that one person/company has the ability to suddenly prevent the legal use of Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcoin algorithms.

Are these Bitcoin algorithms complex enough to qualify for being patentable, and if so, in what countries might such patents be granted?  Does this pose a significant legal risk for users of Bitcoin?


texts:
I sent 2.4 BTC from the vanilla bitcoin client to my input.io wallet.  The bitcoin-qt client didn't ask for any fees and sent instantly. In transaction details it shows 0/3 confirmation and no transmitting nodes. My input.io wallet does not show any unconfirmed balance.  It has been 2 hours. What happens next? Did I lose my bitcoin?

Status: 0/unconfirmed
Date: 8/4/13 13:06
To: input.io 1QGd7qen3Qj6mht7ikmbHiKsLYgF3cEuWN
Debit: -2.40129 BTC
Net amount: -2.40129 BTC
Transaction ID: 30600040f3bac94fa4fff1f990d36f15434d3e0074cb5c919dc63fb34f578ce9


texts: Lightning payments: peer versus channel (LND)

texts:
I understand that in order to be able to send a LN invoice my node should be connect to at least 1 channel.

Should both nodes have an equal "stake" in the channel?

Is it correct that it isn't necessary that this channel is directly linked (without relay nodes) to receiver's node?

Do I have to connect with the receiver via "connect to peer"? (I think it's not necessary).

Thank you.


texts: Anomalous 2.7 BTC transaction fee observed

texts: I noticed a 2417 byte transaction with a 2.7 BTC transaction fee. Is there any rational explanation for this, or was it perhaps a mistake?


texts: Will transaction fees eventually make microtransactions not worthwhile?

texts:
It seems that one of the strengths of Bitcoin is the ability to send tiny amounts across the globe. If we keep thinking in USD or EUR, we'll wipe out micro transactions altogether (less than 100 satoshi).

So will transaction fees eventually put a lower bound on how small of a transaction can be sent?


texts: Is there a hardware wallet project that plans to add multisig capabilities?

texts:
What I want: A hardware wallet that I don't need to trust.

That wallet will hold one out of three keys in a 2-of-3 multisig scheme. The other two parties will be a paper wallet I create, and a password that I choose.

Now, I can store the paper wallet in a safe, and use the hardware wallet + password in my day to day life. If I forget the password, I can recover using hardware + paper. If I lose the wallet, I can recover using paper + password (paper is stored in multiple bank vaults).

At any point in this process, an evil hardware wallet maker cannot steal my bitcoins.

Do any of the hardware wallet projects plan to support such a scheme?


texts: How to create the data parameter for a PSBT?

texts:
I am sure this is a dumb question but if using:

bitcoin-cli walletcreatefundedpsbt "[{\"txid\":\"myid\",\"vout\":0}]" "[{\"data\":\"00010203\"}]"

How do you create the data parameter? Where does it come from?

\"00010203\"

Edit:

I should have read the BIP first, it looks like it is an unsigned tx. So in order to create a PSBT you need to first create an unsigned tx? And include the hex as an argument.


texts: Generate and push raw Bitcoin transaction

texts:
When I try to push a raw Bitcoin transaction via the blockchain.info API I get the following error message:

  Script resulted in a non-true stack: []

Transaction should send 0.001 Bitcoins with a 0.0005 fee from 1CBzN3YW4h7XRwb5sjpmBSEPmVPa9wHPgD to 1KAsr5RcApYG1Rk9uLwsHTXvwsyD1FVyFy.

unsigned transaction:

01000000
01
88802ffe48d0f9d2867495e933b1477094ce017f5d6e4204e40f1040ab805c16
00000000
19
76a9147abd6d64781930ee9abfaa75b0976b45ce9b93ba88ac
ffffffff
01
a086010000000000
19
76a914c75073b564d6ebce3d5d12d59ab20d44bd10f69f88ac
00000000
01000000

signed transaction:

01000000
01
88802ffe48d0f9d2867495e933b1477094ce017f5d6e4204e40f1040ab805c16
00000000
8b
483045022100FA512B36C030BAD0868E2679E1B29E32CCE0099DA086F8FD82010DFFF61B79BA02206C00220683E448C29CCE73FCD7F3CD74E3F76582C07F2F0B436EF247C2D2523F014104a75429241bc8c83e0a1c615155e9b984880f16d39b09b28eef464139fb84d8ff507a5d482e8f41cdb5a762436515d310f16b208bdce4ddfb8a30a7236d36a2da
ffffffff
01
a086010000000000
19
76a914c75073b564d6ebce3d5d12d59ab20d44bd10f69f88ac
00000000

Does anyone has an idea why the transaction is incorrect?


texts:
After a few days I have inserted my external hard drive where I have installed the wallet with my btc to update it.

Giving the .exe "Bitcoin-qt" would normally directly open my wallet and start loading.

Today, however, when I click on it, the initial message jumps, from where I would like to create my wallet for the first time ...

What I can do ?

As I can see, I also keep all the files:
- blocks
chainstate
- wallets
- .lock
- peers.dat
- mempool.dat

Also inform that I recently updated windows 10, I do not know if it would have influenced


texts: Does cryptocurrency ETF use block-chain technology?

texts:
As you know, one of these days trends is cryptocurrency ETFs that the CES doesn't approve it yet. But there are some questions about them and their functioning. Is it necessary to build them over block-chain technology? If yes, would someone explain it? and in case the answer is no, why?
Question: In other words, the main question is about how do they implemented and function.


texts: How does bitcoin conversion (to/from $) handle round off error?

texts:
If the transaction rate were $300 for each Bitcoin, and I try to convert $100 to Bitcoins then :

$100 x 1 BTC/ 300=  1/3 of a bitcoin (.33333 repeating)

How does conversion between Fiat and Bitcoin work when truncating recurring decimals?


texts:
Many 'stats/charts' sites are reporting trade volumes, without ever specifying which trade volume they are referring to:

Number of Sent Bitcoins / 24h (Transaction Volume)
Number of Bitcoins sent to a Bitcoin/USD/EUR/etc exchange. (Trade Volume)

I'm trying to gauge exactly what both BTC volumes are using sites like CoinMarketCap, but I can't tell whether the USD Trade Volume figures are for the number of BTC exchanged for USD/EUR/etc or simply a dollar-conversion for the total number of BTC sent to any address over 24h.

Any help?


texts:
Phoenix wallet is a great UX Lightning Wallet, and they're able to deliver that UX by making a few different tradeoffs. None of those tradeoffs involve them owning your private key, but in their 2019 blogpost they write:

Phoenix only connects to ACINQ nodes. This allows us to modify/enrich the Lightning protocol at the immediate peer level, while staying 100% LN compliant at the network level.

Since I'm only connecting to ACINQ nodes, could ACINQ (the corporation) theoretically use their nodes to say I'm "cheating", thereby forfeiting my LN BTC?
Thanks!


texts: A friend gave me a few bitcoins a number of years ago. Yesterday, I read an article about bitcoin and it reminded me I had some. I went online to check the value and to possibly spend them. I tried to access my wallet and since I haven't checked in a long time, it is taking forever to synchronize with the network. I left it on all night and now my macbook's storage is full. It's a real problem for me, as I need to work and don't want to a lot of other stuff at the moment. How do I get out of this mess? I have no sophistication whatsoever. I can't program or do anything fancy. I regret this situation and would rather just delete the app but I think there's some real value there and don't want to screw up my wallet. What do I do??? Help!


texts: How is bitcoin network stored and shared across the network? For instance, where is the data of UTXOs for each wallet is maintained?


texts:
ok, I had put all my investments into USD wallet on Binance, then I went to coinbase.com under account tools hit the drop box for addresses took the USD address there and copied it.

I returned to Binance and scheduled the transfer. it left Binance and within an hour it came as pending on coinbase.com, where it remained 7 days.

here's the hitch. I transferred 464.00 and some change. after 7 days it shows as 6 cents in my coinbase BTC wallet.

the irony is you can't even transfer 6 cents ..and I have emailed both parties and keep getting stupid replies that are no place near what I'm asking them.

and no phone numbers to call a real person. where my money? can I get it back?


texts: In a mining pool, can there be any two or more nodes mining a block using the same nonce?

texts:
Me and my friend decided to try to mine cryptocurrencies using somewhat old (few years old) unused but somewhat decent gaming PC. We decided to create or join a mining pool to double our processing power.
Since, the coin reward in mining pool is gonna be divided by members of a pool.
I wonder, if there is a possibility for two or more nodes in mining pool to mine a block using the same nonce?
I am guessing that this is not an efficient strategy to pool mine. It would create a sub-optimal strategy to pool mine, because if two or more nodes that are supposed to work together, are gonna waste power to calculate a block using a used (calculated) nonce- that is already used (calculated) by your friend in the pool.
This would even decrease the doubling (multiplication) of computing power.
In fact, there would not be any different that non-pooled miners (all competing to calculate the valid hash). Except that pooled-miners need to split the rewarded coins, while the non-pooled miners would keep all their rewarded coins. Am I correct? Or do they (competing miners) even coordinate and mark used (calculated) nonce across the network?
I am sorry, if I haven't completely understood the details yet.
In pool mining softwares, do they prevent this (calculate using same calculated-nonce) from occurring in general, like do they (the mining software) coordinate the nodes to mine using different nonces? Is there a protocol (rules) to prevent this from happening in bitcoin or any other cryptos in general? Or will it be just implementation dependent? If so, how to find mining software that could coordinate pool mining in an efficient way?
I am still quite new in cryptocurrencies in general, I am sorry if there are any mistakes in my understanding, I am greatly thankful if you could correct them.


texts: How would I explain SegWit to a non-technical friend?

texts:
How can I explain the potential ease of scaling and feature benefits of Segregated Witness to a non technical friend?

How can I explain the potential drawbacks of Segregated Witness in a non technical manner?


texts: How big is the bitcoin community 1st of Feb. 2012?

texts:
I really do not know what kind of metrics are available for measuring the size of the Bitcoin community, but I am interested in any metrics indicating how many users of Bitcoins that there are. Some example metrics could be:

Number of registered users on forums
Number of wallets
Number of wallets with bitcoins in them
Number of non-mining clients running
Number of installations of default client

It would be excellent to see these numbers in relation to some numbers, like the size of the BitTorrent community (or maybe the old Napster community) or whatever, to get a better understanding of the number, but this is not necessary.


texts:
I'm waiting since 16/12/2020 and i still waiting in the Mempool. Exists a way how can i verify my own transaction without a Bitcoin miner? Yes, i paid a low fee.
Here you can see my transaction:
https://www.blockchain.com/btc/tx/cc32cd350dde5a9141e8180c63fb1aff4245d212d11c8249c58789a93acce4a3


texts: Move money/address from watch only wallet

texts:
I am completely new to bitcoin.
I recently received bitcoins from a poker site, using a receiving address that I created in Bitcoin Core.
When I realized that synchronization takes forever, I installed Electrum instead and added the receiving address to the default wallet, which is watch only.
Now I want to deposit my coins to Neteller but they are on this watch only wallet and I can't make a payment with it.
The wallet doesn't seem to have a private or public key (I read somewhere that  i might need a private key that I would then import to a new wallet?).
What the hell do I do?


texts: How to start multiple altcoin rpc daemons at once?

texts:
I'm building an ecommerce website where I want to do my own payment processing in seven different ctyptocurrencies. I want use the separate versions of bitcoind for each currency, because I feel like that's the most straightforward way to do it (unless I'm wrong). I've even come up with some dog simple interface code to use once I get them all running!

So I've compiled each one, and I've got my rpc config files ready and raring to go, but whenever I start one of the rpc servers... it doesn't exit to the command line. It either just sits there, or depending on whether or not I'm printing to the console, it tells me everything that's happening.

When I hit cntrl+c, it exits to the command line, without stopping the daemon, which is what I want, but I can't seem to figure out how to write a script that will start all of the different rpc servers at once.

I have to be missing something stupidly basic.

I've looked everywhere on this stack exchange, and have not been able to find a solution to this problem.

HELP!

Thanks in advance for your time and attention.

Edit: I'm attempting to do this from the Linux command line with the standard compile parameters.


texts: Why does the Bitcoin pool reject my Antminer D3 shares?

texts:
I hope somebody can help, since I have received my antminer D3 and connected it to the antpool, all my shares are getting rejected.
I am mining bitcoins but all of them are getting rejected.
I have uploaded a screenshot below.

Somebody knows what is the solution to fix this problem.


texts: Why is there separate private key for every adress? What should i record for my paper wallet?

texts:
Why is there separate private key for every address in Litecoin?
What should I record for my paper wallet?


texts: Iquidus JSON settings for Blockchain Explorer

texts:
I did a fork from litecoin into my own altcoin and I am trying to get it on a blockchain explorer to run realtime on a website. I chose an open source blockchain explorer called Iquidus which was recommended by one of the members in this community:

https://github.com/iquidus/explorer

I have followed the guide up to the point where I must adjust the settings.json file to customize it to by particular altcoin.

https://gist.github.com/zeronug/5c66207c426a1d4d5c73cc872255c572

The problem is that I am not too sure which information that needs to be adjusted in the file as it is not explicit in the instructions on what needs to be adjusted; for example, how do you know the blockhash, txhash, address, supply, which passwords and users that must be used, the instance, etc. Some values are subject to change so I am unsure where to set these values.

I am new to cryptocurrencies and I am trying to learn. My question is if there is a guide to help with modifying the settings.json file for my altcoin? Is there any recommended literature that can help me with this endeavor? If any, is there an easier option for a blockexplorer that you'd recommend?

Thank you for your time.


texts: Im having problems because when a user pay to a forwarding address, the forward address receives bitcoins instantly, but takes nearly 1 hour to send those bitcoins to the destination address, the real one, and it only calls the API when it transfers to the real one. How can a user deposit the btc instantly? or faster? Thank you!


texts: Bitcoin transaction failed to broadcast (code 66)

texts:
I am using bitcoind. I got this error while trying to send a transaction:
CommitTransaction(): Transaction cannot be broadcast immediately, mempool min fee not met, 6835 < 7865 (code 66)
The balance was removed from my wallet and yet the node does not seem to retry sending this txid again. How do i fix it?


texts: Sendrawtransaction error on Bitcoin Core Version 0.16.0

texts:
I updated my bitcoin core to version 0.16.0, previously I was using v0.15.1.
I created an application to send some BTC using listunspent -> createrawtransaction-> signrawtransaction -> sendrawtransaction
I got this error on v.0.16.0 while using sendrawtransaction :

  64: non-mandatory-script-verify-flag (Signature must be zero for
  failed CHECK(MULTI)SIG operation)

But my app working normaly on version 0.15.1
What is actually going on on version 0.16.0 that makes my transaction error

I decoded my raw transaction, to see if anything is wrong, I am using BTC testnet

array:2 [
  "status" => true
  "result" => array:8 [
    "txid" => "261c30c9c167b079c45c5ea706617635eb477b9cb601b7c7addbd6fedc2c14d9"
    "hash" => "261c30c9c167b079c45c5ea706617635eb477b9cb601b7c7addbd6fedc2c14d9"
    "version" => 2
    "size" => 197
    "vsize" => 197
    "locktime" => 0
    "vin" => array:3 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "txid" => "d4fcae2238c7edde389c3e1d28ddd67570931c72982312fbae3292c6eb7b7620"
        "vout" => 0
        "scriptSig" => array:2 [
          "asm" => ""
          "hex" => ""
        ]
        "sequence" => 4294967295
      ]
      1 => array:4 [
        "txid" => "5e759bcccc5123e9fbad740b57a1571a5950e867619dfd4cbbe6786dd50ab054"
        "vout" => 0
        "scriptSig" => array:2 [
          "asm" => ""
          "hex" => ""
        ]
        "sequence" => 4294967295
      ]
      2 => array:4 [
        "txid" => "d1be0d65d5338c9bc4b51b14f6adee7f88e56d0f9625c92646e16aa86e7c6a71"
        "vout" => 1
        "scriptSig" => array:2 [
          "asm" => ""
          "hex" => ""
        ]
        "sequence" => 4294967295
      ]
    ]
    "vout" => array:2 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "value" => 1.0
        "n" => 0
        "scriptPubKey" => array:5 [
          "asm" => "OP_HASH160 7ba3562975f6203987c03b40dd84e010948af2e4 OP_EQUAL"
          "hex" => "a9147ba3562975f6203987c03b40dd84e010948af2e487"
          "reqSigs" => 1
          "type" => "scripthash"
          "addresses" => array:1 [
            0 => "2N4WxmhixnDF6x2gmJSjgoX28RMSd6oCaMr"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:3 [
        "value" => 6.01032205
        "n" => 1
        "scriptPubKey" => array:5 [
          "asm" => "OP_HASH160 b449a4b595e856c16eba7d7168ac5fdcc552fbbf OP_EQUAL"
          "hex" => "a914b449a4b595e856c16eba7d7168ac5fdcc552fbbf87"
          "reqSigs" => 1
          "type" => "scripthash"
          "addresses" => array:1 [
            0 => "2N9gVqeSJnLKPGRJJa2gKXUPy5bT331sxNo"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
]


texts: I know Litecoin is sold on Coinbase, but I'm wondering if anyone has compiled a list or knows of other exchanges selling the currency?


texts: SegWit-incapable miners won't include SegWit tx's but accept them as valid?

texts: Why SegWit-incapable miners won't include SegWit tx's in their blocks but will accept as valid someone else's block with SegWit tx's in it?


texts: Why is the block size so big, taking into account a relatively small number of transactions?

texts:
Why the size of the block 656143 is so big (Size: 2,337,727 bytes), taking into account a relatively small number of transactions (Number of Transactions: 84)?
Extra question: What is the block size limit in Bitcoin nowadays?
I found some guidelines here:

Bitcoin blocks now have a theoretical maximum size of 4 megabytes and a more realistic maximum size of 2 megabytes.

However, the size of the block 656143 is ~2.3Mb; therefore, a "more realistic maximum" is not that realistic :)


texts: What is the variable valertpubkey in net.cpp for?

texts:
vAlertPubKey = ParseHex("04fc9702847840aaf195de8442ebecedf5b095cdbb9bc716bda9110971b28a49e0ead8564ff0db22209e0374782c093bb899692d524e9d6a6956e7c5ecbcd68284");

The vAlertPubKey variable can be seen in the initialisations for main and test network, but not for regtest. Can someone explain what it exactly means and how will it affect me if I want to simulate a network of 1000 or more nodes on a private network in regtest mode ?


texts:
I logged in to my blockchain.com  wallet to find my bitcoin are all gone. The log of my bitcoin transactions is also wiped clean. The only thing that is still there is a log of my past ether transactions. When I use the blockchain explorer to search for the two public keys that were used to transfer the bitcoin to my account it says both public keys are "unspent". I've tried opening a support ticket with blockchain.com, but no response. What has happened to my bitcoin? Is this some sort of technical glitch?
I still have the notification on my phone from when I received the BTC last month


texts: Electrum: 2 Wallets showing same Transactions

texts:
I hope someone can explain, if it's dangerous that i have 2 wallets and both showing the same transactions, the first one has a password for the seed and i can't remember it, the second one not. I also can't remember what i have done and why i have 2 wallets.

If someone can explain me what to do or/and how i can setup a new fresh password-protectet wallet in electrum with all my transactions, would be great.
This would help me to achieve a better technical-understanding for bitcoin and electrum-wallet.
thank you


texts: Who was the originator of the term "Internet of Value?"

texts:
I am most familiar with the term "Internet of Value" as it is used by the company Ripple. The term is used as a parallel to the "Internet of Information." The idea being that money (value) can be moved with the same ease and speed as information does on the internet today. Recently I saw that ex U.S. CFTC chairman Chris Giancarlo referenced the Internet of Value on Twitter. Who originally coined the term "Internet of Value?" If there is no definitive 'owner/creator' of the phrase, I'd be interested to know what the earliest known usage of the term is.
I've decided to ask on BitcoinSE because usually the term is used in reference to blockchains and cryptocurrencies. If this is better suited on HistorySE or some other forum, please let me know.


texts: Bitcoins deducted from Multibit wallet but nothing was sent

texts:
I sent 1 bitcoin FROM Multibit wallet TO this address 19xQJNmK3Ys4pXwMh11mwdfky4wNsNDj1Z.

The transaction was stuck at "Seen by 1 peer, not confirmed" for more than 7 hours.

Checking blockchain.info it seems that the transaction was never sent

Based on Multibit documentation regarding stuck transaction I tried to reset blockchain and transactions that never made it. Needless to say I ended up with 1 bitcoin LESS in my balance, and the transaction did not appear either in Multibit or in blockchain.info.

Any clues? thanks in advance.

Edit1: A typical fee for a transaction is 0.0001 (0.1 mBTC), that is set automatically by Multibit and can't be altered.


texts: How has mining evolved since the start of Bitcoin?

texts: Can someone post a detailed description on how mining has evolved since the introduction of Bitcoin all the way till today? I mean quantity of miners, hardware used, profits made, ROI etc. I guess there has been a huge change/shift in the way mining is done over time. Is it more or less on an industrial level today due to the enormous network speed growth and a neccesity of an ASIC hardware?


texts: How are bitcoin transactions and the blockchain transferred over the internet?

texts:
So I have several specific question connected to this topic and I'm aware of the conceptual answers and I'm only interested in the technical details (with programming terms and concepts as I'm a developer).

My questions are:

If I'm sending a transaction from my wallet application (e.g. electrum), what does it do under the hood? Does it use the HTTP protocol or something else? Or not even use TCP but UDP instead?
How does the miners "listen" to transactions? Do they listening on some port? Is there any generic protocols for "listening" like this?
When a miner mines a block how does he/she broadcast it to the network? Is it the same as sending a transaction from my electrum wallet?


texts:
I have two addresses in my wallet and sent some coins to one and set change to the other, both addresses are wallet generated addresses(not watchonly ones), but the transaction returned from RPC shows that amount is zero and the there are four outputs instead of two, and each coin is both sent and received by the same address? What am i getting wrong?

gettransaction c4735f12a8ae068055593ef6e3c3d578c369c828c81cbfe2cd970bdb2c588a85 true
{
  "amount": 0.00000000,
  "fee": -0.00001130,
  "confirmations": 6,
  "blockhash": "000000000000007c45c59e9fa71d75d334859cab9da3386798ae550f1be8940e",
  "blockindex": 65,
  "blocktime": 1515245645,
  "txid": "c4735f12a8ae068055593ef6e3c3d578c369c828c81cbfe2cd970bdb2c588a85",
  "walletconflicts": [
  ],
  "time": 1515245166,
  "timereceived": 1515245166,
  "bip125-replaceable": "no",
  "details": [
    {
      "involvesWatchonly": true,
      "account": "",
      "address": "n2VgmTfSAjukziKHRjQufSg7PUkePqrFbq",
      "category": "send",
      "amount": -0.09998870,
      "label": "",
      "vout": 0,
      "fee": -0.00001130,
      "abandoned": false
    },
    {
      "involvesWatchonly": true,
      "account": "",
      "address": "moh3VAtZZQBvdC7ivvuZxoU7q9bAP7R2Lu",
      "category": "send",
      "amount": -1.00000000,
      "label": "",
      "vout": 1,
      "fee": -0.00001130,
      "abandoned": false
    },
    {
      "involvesWatchonly": true,
      "account": "",
      "address": "n2VgmTfSAjukziKHRjQufSg7PUkePqrFbq",
      "category": "receive",
      "amount": 0.09998870,
      "label": "",
      "vout": 0
    },
    {
      "involvesWatchonly": true,
      "account": "",
      "address": "moh3VAtZZQBvdC7ivvuZxoU7q9bAP7R2Lu",
      "category": "receive",
      "amount": 1.00000000,
      "label": "",
      "vout": 1
    }
  ],
  "hex": "010000000140a74a0ee2e91070e18c8c80242463f610e11ed9033ff9f030ed0933fc60f19d000000006a473044022063c5c3d94a7c29d7b839e92148f4bed3b5de524791b4f23fa3ade5b9d842575d022044821cc103e3ee014f8d2578e7d143802b764ccd90a887677b31b6475ed0e3cc012102395c1b675e55c9a9a4d689ad893fc9ec261f9b5a64799d233379a1c15aee7e3cffffffff0216929800000000001976a914e61d43895e54b2fb14fef2fef8561f310dfb364a88ac00e1f505000000001976a91459a97feb2d0444d756d2c7bc5fbd472ae9836c5688ac00000000"
}

Code to build the transaction:

TransactionBuilder tb = new TransactionBuilder();
        var tx = tb.AddCoins(t).AddKeys(key)
            .Send(new BitcoinPubKeyAddress("moh3VAtZZQBvdC7ivvuZxoU7q9bAP7R2Lu"), new Money(1, MoneyUnit.BTC))
            .SetChange(new BitcoinPubKeyAddress("n2VgmTfSAjukziKHRjQufSg7PUkePqrFbq"))
            .SendFees(1130)
            .BuildTransaction(true);
var rsp = service.SendRawTransaction(tx.ToHex());


texts: How does the bitcoind get current blocks when we start that?

texts:
Bitcoind tries to save all of blocks when we start that and  I came to want to know about it more so I've been searching for that but I couldn't figure it out.
So now I just guess that bitcoind tries to save all of blocks by connecting to users' pcs
Is my guessing right?


texts: Does a node validates a transaction that comes with a block if it's already in its mempool?

texts: Except for checking for double spends, if there's a transaction in a block that's already in the node's mempool, it can theoretically skip its validation. Does it actually happen, or the nodes validate each transaction twice?


texts: Will bitcoin's value be affected by other digital currencies?

texts:
There are many different digital currencies being released now, following in the footsteps of bitcoin and trying to improve upon it.  Will these currencies, by giving consumers more options, reduce demand for bitcoin and decrease or limit the increase in its value?

Stephen's answer made me realize that I'm not just talking about any crypto but the one's that will inevitably improve upon the already great bitcoin model.


texts:
2009 btc private key but no address.
I was given btc in 2009 and also mined for a few weeks too.
My dad still had every hard drive he has ever used. So i have found a couple of files that have private keys.

I was looking for one address and instead found a few private keys.
So i have questions. Were the public and/or private keys from 2009 and 2010 in the same format? If thats the case then all the instructions i find are all for wallets that arent 10 years old.
So howdo i get the actual address for the private key?

Is bitadd.org just going to create a new address? Would it even reconize a private key that old?  According to an article i read the update wasnt compatiable with the older version that was used and some changes hadto be made so that everything was compatable again. So with my wallet. Having been offline this whole time im thinking extra steps will be needed to recover my bitcoin.
Is there someome who would take a moment to please give me step by step instructions on how to do this.?

I seriously left my job to find my old btc and i am at a loss. I am not computer savy. Nor do i have knowledge outside of the basic about what i am doing here. It takes years to learn this stuff.
Btw, no walle.datfile. just private keys. Im not entirely sure that the wallet.dat was even a thing back in 2009


texts: Why doesn't address contain a full scriptPubKey?

texts:
This is a general question, but let's suppose a P2PKH transaction. P2PKH address starts with "1" and the sender incorporates it into the scriptPubKey as:

OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <PublicKeyHash> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG

Why does an address contain only the <PublicKeyHash> instead of the full scriptPubKey including the Script commands? At the current scenario the wallet software needs to recognize the address and assemble the scriptPubKey itself.

If the full Script code would be incorporated in the address, the wallet software would not have to understand it and would simply set the scriptPubKey equal to whatever the address contains.

This seems to me as very useful in terms of forward-compatibility for future types, where the wallet software doesn't have to be upgraded to understand some new forms of transaction.


texts: Do miners keep a "balance" of how much each public key has?

texts:
I am trying to understand how double spending can be prevented if mining nodes do not keep a current "balance" of BTC associated with an account?

If they do keep the current balance isn't this a problem as the number of potential accounts is very, very large? That is, if each account balance takes up space in memory, and more accounts are created then the only way nodes can keep up is when the rate of growth of accounts is less than the rate of growth of available memory per node?

Am I missing something?


texts: Using Bitcoin ATM's, how does selling work?

texts:
How do Bitcoin ATM's work? I have a wallet on my computer and wanted to know how would the bitcoins there be transferred to the ATM and exchanged for cash.

Could somebody explain this process to me?


texts: How do I determine the value of new altcoins?

texts:
So, I'm curious about the value of altcoins.

Let's say I were to create an altcoin, and get some people to use it... how would I calculate the value of the coin? Is this determined by exchanges? Or by how much money people give in exchange for X amount of the coin? I'm a bit confused by this. I've tried researching it, but nothing's really helped.

Thanks in advance!


texts: Bitcoind rpc AddLocal(ip:port) and Disover: IPv4 eth0: ip missing Amazon AWS CentOS

texts:
I have a server at DigitalOcean with Ubuntu installed and bitcoind with rpc which IS working.

With my Amazon AWS CentOs server bitcoin-cli is working but not EasyBitcoin-PHP, it's returning 0:

$bitcoin = new Bitcoin('username','password','myipaddress','8332');

echo "Status: ".$bitcoin->status;

Bitcoin.conf

server=1
daemon=1
rpcuser=username
rpcpassword=password
rpcport=8332
rpcallowip=myipaddress

Checkout this image. On the working DigitalOcean Ubuntu server it includes AddLocal(192.81.219.224:18333,1) AND Discover: IPv4 eth0: 192.81.219.224

I also tried to add -discover=1 to the AWS CentOS but it didn't do anything new and still isn't working.

I'm guessing it may have to do with Amazon's Elastic IP's or something?


texts: Transactions that have outputs value more then inputs value possible?

texts:
Transactions have 2 ways to get into blockchain in bitcoind:

mempool -> newblock
newblock no in mempool

lets check AcceptToMemoryPool function

https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/c719cefc417cc578f48b33069b764339a61054ce/src/main.cpp#L876

CAmount nFees = nValueIn-nValueOut;

in case outs > ins

nFees<0

if (mempoolRejectFee > 0 && nFees < mempoolRejectFee) {
        return state.DoS(0, false, REJECT_INSUFFICIENTFEE, "mempool min fee not met", false, strprintf("%d < %d", nFees, mempoolRejectFee));

negative nFees will be rejected all is good in this point

ok
lets check Connectblock  function

https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/c719cefc417cc578f48b33069b764339a61054ce/src/main.cpp#L1805

for each tx in block we do:

nFees += view.GetValueIn(tx)-tx.GetValueOut();

https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/c719cefc417cc578f48b33069b764339a61054ce/src/main.cpp#L1826

 CAmount blockReward = nFees + GetBlockSubsidy(pindex->nHeight, chainparams.GetConsensus());
if (block.vtx[0].GetValueOut() > blockReward)
    return state.DoS(100,
                     error("ConnectBlock(): coinbase pays too much (actual=%d vs limit=%d)",
                           block.vtx[0].GetValueOut(), blockReward),
                           REJECT_INVALID, "bad-cb-amount");

At this point we calculate max possible reward for this block: all tx fees + mining reward

then we check that coinbase reward not more then this value

what if same miner create and include transaction that have inputs for 1 btc and have outputs for 2 btc, so fee for this tx will be -1 btc

then miner can set reward for coinbase transaction to  25 btc  + all fees - 1 btc.

so this (block.vtx[0].GetValueOut() > blockReward)  return True

as result we have Transaction, that  create more coins then received, inside blockchain

Where is my error?


texts: What are those bitcoin mining hardware doing 24/7?

texts:
What are those hardware doing? Which open-source or closed source software to use on those? I want to buy one of those hardware for my learning and programming.

Any advise?


texts: use old offline phone as a hardware wallet?

texts:
here's what i want to do:

store my private key on an offline phone.
use that offline phone to generate a signed transaction and generate a QR code for me to scan/broadcast with my online phone.

does this exist?!? i cannot find an app to do it

seems like the most secure/convenient way to use bitcoins.


texts: Why can't P2PKH's scriptPubKey be shortened to only OP_CHECKSIG?

texts:
For P2PKH, the scriptPubKey is OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <pubKeyHash> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG. Why can't it check the signature only? Why can't it be shortened to just one opcode — OP_CHECKSIG?
Why does the public key need to be presented in addition to the signature when unlocking?


texts: Please I need help. I want to know if anyone knows about BitlyCore.com I have been running the full block for days now and it's just stuck at 87% please I need help.


texts: What is the advantage of a market-specific cryptocurrency?

texts:
Reading this article, http://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/the-coming-demise-of-altcoins/, I wonder why there would be a separate coin for each market, like a coin just for buying bananas, marijuana, disk space or photh-sharing instead of using a general purpose coin for those things?

I'm not asking why coins are technically different; having different hash-functions, mining hardware, proof of work vs. stake, virtual machines, privacy, how the coin is governed, etc.

I am asking why there are coins for each particular purpose.  I think it would be better to only use one coin for everything because there would be less middle-man in the exchange from BTN to STORJ and vice versa therefore lowering fees.


texts: Lower confirmation time schemes: any requirement between confirmation time and the probability to find a block during that confirmation time?

texts:
Bitcoin, the first blockchain-based cryptocurrency, set a 10 minute confirmation interval time; LiteCoin set a 2 minute confirmation interval time; DogeCoin set it at 1 minute; QuarkCoin set it at 30 seconds; Ethereum set it at 12 seconds.

Is there any serious analysis about the stability of the blockchain when the confirmation time is reduced?

To be more specific: any requirement between confirmation time and the probability to find a block during that confirmation time ( specially when confirmation time is going to zero) ?


texts: Trying to recover a blockchain.info wallet from 2013 w/ a 29 (or 13?) word phrase

texts:
I'm trying to check in on some BTC I stored in a blockchain.info wallet 4 years ago (12/2013).  I can log into my account just fine, but the wallet with my coins still needs a private key.  I've got a couple .aes.json files, but I haven't found any way to import them (best I found was something called "wallet-key-tool" that might work, but none of the passwords I tried did anything - could be bad password but could also be bad software).

I've also got a piece of paper with two sets of words: one with 29 words and one with 13.  I'm pretty sure these are related to the blockchain.info wallet, but I can't find any reference to this sort of recovery phrase (everything seems to want 12 words these days).

Finally, the last option would be to do a mini brute-force attack on the key.  I'm reasonably sure I could narrow the password options down to a few thousand - are there any command-line tools that can attempt to decrypt an .aes.json file and recognize when it worked or not?


texts: I have read that the blockchain is a public ledger with all transactions of a decentralized community, furthermore i read that everyone can check that ledger for transactions that happened within the network. My question is how i am able to look into the blockchain to check for transactions without using sites like blockchain.info.


texts: What happens if you copied private key and try to use it again?

texts:
I am very new to bitcoins. I have one question. Suppose some one copied their private key and saved it in their harddisk. Next they will do the transaction. Now since you already copied the private keys can you use it again?

How bitcoin prevent this?

I am asking this because. I wish to create something smaller for my brothers  school project. So I am out of ideas on how to prevent this.


texts: GUIMiner stuck at 99% Done for over 1 hour

texts:
I have just started up my client GUIMiner for the first time.  It was downloading the block chain without any issue and got up to 99% where it has been stuck for the past 1 to 1.5 hours.

Is this normal behavior?


texts:
I always here people talk about miners being able to "vote" on certain things using the block chain. So here are my questions:

1) who gets to ask the questions?

2) what type of questions are being asked?

3) do they "vote" by selectively solving one block?

4) how is it even possible for even the biggest miners to selectively solve a block when the hash rate is so high?

5) does question #4 propose a vulnerability in the network?

Thanks. I never really understood this aspect of mining regarding big time mining farms


texts: What is the average payout of mined btc from blockchain to blockchain wallets?


texts:
When writing a blockchain parser I've found that some blk00*.dat files contain zeros instead of blocks. (I got zero where magic bytes were expected, looked in the file and saw there are more zeros.)

What does it mean? Do I have corrupted chain? How do I fix my parser, so it would interpret the file correctly?


texts: What is the max character limit when creating a Bitcoin Brain Wallet?

texts: I'm thinking of using a brain wallet for btc storage. Yes i know all the talk about it being insecure. But what if I used a bunch of information that only I would know making a >100 character brain wallet ? What is the max length of a brain wallet?


texts: What happens to my Bitcoins if I leave them at Coinbase after the hard fork?

texts:
So I have a few hundred dollars worth of bitcoins that I bought at Coinbase. I basically just bought them to figure out how to buy bitcoins.

Anyway, it was going to cost like $2-3 in transaction fees to move them to an external wallet so I basically decided to just keep them at Coinbase for now, even if it is the unsafe thing to do, seeing as it's only a few hundred dollars.

I just received an email from Coinbase saying that after the fork, they will only support the current version of bitcoins (BTC) and that I would not be able to withdraw the BitCoin Cash (BCC) ones.

My understanding is that after a hard fork, basically everyone gets their bitcoins duplicated. One BTC and one BCC. So given that Coinbase isn't supporting BCC, what happens to my BCC bitcoins? Are they lost somehow?

Also, I thought that my Coinbase wallet would be exactly the same as any wallet you can get on a computer / wallet. Why is it then that if I keep my coins up on Coinbase, I only get the BTC but if I have it on my own computer, I would get to have both the BTC and BCC bitcoins.


texts: CScript to CPubKey or derive CPubKey from CScript

texts:
Please can someone advise if it is possible to derive the CPubKey from a CSript object? Provided i get it up with an address before hand,

I can use numerous functions to attain all the info from the CPubKey using functions, but can you make a CPubKey from a CSript?

Or are they too much chalk and cheese?

Thank you,

EDIT:
Following the first answer I've tried the below to no joy. The script returns totally empty:

CScript scriptPubKey1;
CBitcoinAddress address("L4VPgtoBtuxsYMgyrRvQRadSV1Y139TDfd");
scriptPubKey1.SetDestination(address.Get());

CScript::const_iterator it = scriptPubKey1.begin(); // or specifically, the location of the pubkey in the CScript object
opcodetype opcode;
std::vector<unsigned char> data;
scriptPubKey1.GetOp(it, opcode, data); // data now contains the byte vector

CPubKey pubkey3 = CPubKey(data);


texts: is there a litecoin wallet website that does NOT store your private key serverside?

texts:
blockchain.info encrypts and hashes everything clientside, as well as doing all of the signing of transactions clientside. It only sends already encrypted and signed data to the server, where the server then plugs that data into their RPC to transmit it to the network.

Does a service like this exist for Litecoin or another scrypt based alt-coin?


texts: How instantaneous is a Bitcoin transaction?

texts:
How quick does a bitcoin transaction happen? (assuming that both parties are online at the time)

I read somewhere on the Internet that it's not recommended to accept a bitcoin payment right away (better to wait for a dozen or so confirmations/verification).

Why is this? and how does it affect the time it takes for the transaction to be completed?


texts:
Just installed bitcoin core v0.21.0 on my ubuntu server.
When I run

bitcoind -printtoconsole

It says bitcoin.conf file is missing.

2021-01-30T15:36:58Z Bitcoin Core version v0.21.0 (release build)
2021-01-30T15:36:58Z Assuming ancestors of block 0000000000000000000b9d2ec5a352ecba0592946514a92f14319dc2b367fc72 have valid signatures.
2021-01-30T15:36:58Z Setting nMinimumChainWork=00000000000000000000000000000000000000001533efd8d716a517fe2c5008
2021-01-30T15:36:58Z Using the 'shani(1way,2way)' SHA256 implementation
2021-01-30T15:36:58Z Using RdSeed as additional entropy source
2021-01-30T15:36:58Z Using RdRand as an additional entropy source
2021-01-30T15:36:58Z No wallet support compiled in!
2021-01-30T15:36:58Z Default data directory /root/.bitcoin
2021-01-30T15:36:58Z Using data directory /root/.bitcoin
2021-01-30T15:36:58Z Config file: /root/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf (not found, skipping)

As I know, it should be in $HOME/.bitcoin folder. But it's not. Should I create it manually?


texts: How to transfer only the blockchain to a friend's computer?

texts:
After installing the bitcoin client (Qt) a friend got interested as well. He doesn't have as fast an internet connection, though, so I thought of burning some DVDs with the blockchains for him to have.

I saw this question on how to transfer blockchain from PC to Mac and the solution was to copy the whole "Bitcoin" folder. However, that folder also contains MY wallet as well (which I definitely do not want my friend to have, even if encrypted).

So I'd like to know, which folder(s) and/or files do I need to copy, minimally, so he needs to get as few blocks over the network as possible?
If it's too much of a hassle, most probably I'll suggest him to use multibit or electrum instead :-)


texts: Nbitcoin: The redeem provided does not match the scriptPubKey of the coin

texts:
Trying to spend litecoin from a p2sh address, i get this error when trying to convert utxos to scriptcoin.
var add1 = "MP3RwwmVDoHw3h25uKHn8PLA8DhjaZtooQ";

var fromadd = BitcoinAddress.Create(add1, network);
    var add2 = "MVVftwwVt2KputjnVb858n4kzz8Wthrk3B";
    var destadd = BitcoinAddress.Create(add2, network);

    var utxos = GetUnSpentCoinsN($"{xpubstring}-[p2sh]").Result;

   // i have tried using the ScriptPubKey of from address and destination address still the same error
    var realredeem = PayToScriptHashTemplate.Instance.GenerateScriptPubKey(fromadd.ScriptPubKey);

  //i get the error at this point - The redeem provided does not match the scriptPubKey of the coin
    var utxoScriptCoin = utxos.Select(a => a.ToScriptCoin(realredeem)).ToList();


texts: Bitcoin Core `getaddressesbyaccount` method not found (-32601)

texts:
On macOS Mojave I have a full bitcoin node synced using bitcoind.

I want to get the public address of the default account (i.e. the empty string "").

So I run bitcoin-cli getaddressesbyaccount "" but I get:

error code: -32601
error message:
Method not found

Version of bitcoind is: Bitcoin Core Daemon version v0.18.0.0-g2472733a24a9364e4c6233ccd04166a26a68cc65
Copyright (C) 2009-2019 The Bitcoin Core developers

And of bitcoin-cli is: Bitcoin Core RPC client version v0.18.0.0-g2472733a24a9364e4c6233ccd04166a26a68cc65

What's wrong?


texts:
I've had my digitalcoin wallet open for a few days now, hoping it would eventually sync back up but it's seemingly stuck, not necessarily at a specific block, but around 3 days back, whichever block that may be.

I have several other wallets that all sync fine.

Is there something wrong with digitalcoin or is it me?

What would the repair process look like for "resetting" the wallet?

thanks for the help!


texts: Error: Wallet backup failed! (code -4) when setting up bitcoin-qt for first time

texts:
I downloaded and ran bitcoin-qt to play around with.

First thing I did was create a wallet passphrase.

The second thing I did was try to create a wallet backup.

Then I got this message:
Error: Wallet backup failed! (code -4)

If I simply delete the wallet file (no coins on it yet) and then restart bitcoin, everything works fine.  But if I try to encrypt the wallet and then create a backup I get the error again.

What am I missing?

>getinfo
{
"version" : 90300,
"protocolversion" : 70002,
"walletversion" : 60000,
"balance" : 0.00000000,
"blocks" : 340782,
"timeoffset" : -3,
"connections" : 8,
"proxy" : "",
"difficulty" : 41272873894.69702100,
"testnet" : false,
"keypoololdest" : 1422415118,
"keypoolsize" : 101,
"unlocked_until" : 1422419612,
"paytxfee" : 0.00000000,
"relayfee" : 0.00001000,
"errors" : ""
}

>backupwallet wallet.backup
Error: Wallet backup failed! (code -4)

When looking at the debug.log file I see this error:

2015-01-27 16:07:36 error copying wallet.dat to wallet.backup - boost::filesystem::copy_file: Access is denied: "C:\Users\Matthew\AppData\Roaming\Bitcoin\wallet.dat", "wallet.backup"


texts: Can casual people still mine for bitcoins, now that the difficulty is much higher than it was?

texts:
Can casual people still mine for bitcoins? As of October 2012, the difficulty seems very high, being over 3,000,000.

I've seen a ad for bitcoins, and watched the video. It said I could mine for them with my computer, so can I?


texts: How to calculate fee in BitcoinJS raw transaction?

texts: I have a transaction with 3 inputs and 2 outputs. 1output is the recipient and the other output is change address. How should I calculate the fee and apply it to output?


texts: Can my exchange recover BCH sent to a BTC address that existed pre-fork?

texts:
I have a wallet on Luno and another on Poloniex. Both pre-exist the Bitcoin (BTC) to Bitcoin Cash (BCH) fork. After the fork, Poloniex created another wallet for me containing the same number of BCH as I had BTC at the time of the fork. All good so far.
Now I wished to transfer the BTC from Poloniex back to Luno, but I mistakenly sent from my BCH Poloniex wallet instead of my BTC wallet.
Both Poloniex and Luno claim that the BCH that I sent to the BTC wallet on Luno is "lost".
However, from my (very limited) understanding of the blockchain and the fork, would the BTC address on Luno not have been duplicated to the BCH blockchain at the time of the fork, and therefore be a valid BCH address? If so, how would I go about claiming that address - or can Luno do this since they still control that same address on the BTC blockchain and have the private keys, and would/might/(should??) be able to lay claim to the coin in the BCH blockchain?


texts: I transferred BTC from my blockchain wallet to my trading wallet using my can to address and it never showed up!

texts: Help please! I tried to transfer money from my blockchain wallet to my trading wallet. I even scanned in the QR code so it wouldn't be wrong. My funds never showed up! The wallet it went to seems to have been created the day I did the transfer and since has had many transactions! What the heck happened! I am so confused. How could this have happed with scanning the QR code? It is almost as if the wallet address I sent it to is a receiving account for transfers? Is there such a thing? The other strange thing is I got no emails of any transfers? I have tried to trace the transactions but I don't really understand what I am doing and what it means. Someone said if I have the HASH then I can go in and possibly cancel it if it is unconfirmed. It shows spent now... this was on the 17th and I have sent many emails to blockchain with no response. Should I put the PKscript up or subscript? I can put the receiving wallet up here but I don't think that will do much good unless someone knows a way to find out who it is from that even though it should be MINE! Any help would be greatly appreciated.


texts: How does Blockstream's Liquid Bitcoin network work to make fast bitcoin transactions?

texts:
Blockstream's Liquid network can facilitate instant bitcoin transactions on their network. How does it work exactly?

My main questions are:

As a user with BTC on some exchange that supports Liquid Bitcoin (LBTC).

Is Blockstream Liquid like an exchange for exchanges that only exchanges use?
How is the 10 min blocktime eliminated?
Can regular users be on the Liquid Network and with what wallet?
What is their roadmap if any?


texts: Is an extraction of the mnemonic string possible if wallet and corresponding passphrase are in possesion?

texts:
My problem is that I have access to my wallet and I am able to access it with Electrum because I have the passphrase but I somehow misplaced the seed.

Is it possible to decrypt/extract and obtain the wallets mnemonic seed string with said access?

Any time donated towards this issue will be very appreciated.


texts: Who takes the decisions of "hard-forks" in the Bitcoin community?

texts:
I understand that there is no central authority on Bitcoin, but I can't understand who takes decisions on "forking" the blockchain.

Here it was mentioned that the "Bitcoin community voted"—how did that happen? Who is the community? I assume anyone? If so, how can one vote?

I was reading about a hard-fork coming on 16th of November and I don't really understand how that works.


texts: Where is seed in Bitcoin Core in comparison to Bread Wallet

texts:
Im new to Bitcoin. I know the main software of bitcoin is Bitcoin Core. Recently i started using an iOS wallet called Bread. Its very simple! It gives me a 12 word key and says your master private key can extract from this and no need to backup your wallet as a file.

My question is: i readed that Bitcoin Core in the new versions is an HD Wallet. But it never gives me a seed like bread. Im confused.

I have an assumption but i dont know its right or not:
My master private key stored in a file unlike bread. I have to encrypt my walled from bitcoin core settings menu and the from file menu choose Backup Wallet and save it. In fact, in the future, i have to import that file and enter encryption passphrase that i created in the encryption step and the software fetches my private key from that file and load my entire wallet from blockchain. In bread i enter that 12 word and bread creates my private key and so on... in bitcoin core i need backup just one time. In Bread i have to write down my seed and in Bitcon Core i have to backup both passphrase and wallet file.
is this true? bitcoin works like this?

As i know i cant import wallet i created in Bread to bitcoin core. Each software has its own seed to private key mechanism. Is this true? I want to use bread and Bitcoin Core both in my pc and mobile.


texts: Need authoritative source for historic Bitcoin conversion prices from all exchanges

texts:
What are the authoritative sources for historic Bitcoin prices?

Ideally this will be an API for all major exchanges.


texts: Government disrupting reception of bitcoins. Is it possible?

texts:
I was thinking of a very specific scenario: Suppose we have a new organization, let's call it "WikiLeaks2", which receives donnations mostly in the form of Bitcoins. Suppose a national government tries to shut it down by disrupting its reception of funds, so they set up a number of miners with the code modified so they check each transaction against a list of black-listed Bitcoin addresses (among them, that of WikiLeaks2) and automatically reject a transaction coming to/from those addresses.

Let's assume this government has successfully set up moles deep within the organization, so any new reception address is known by its agents after a few minutes. Would they need to control 51% of mining power to make it impossible to send funds to such an organization, or would disruption be possible with a fewer percentage?

Which begs the question: who validates the acceptance/rejection of a transaction, done by the miners, is correct? I.e. who validates the validators?


texts: I have a block chain wallet, I know that the balance will fluctuate. But I am having trouble finding on block chain is some sort of charting, or some sort of chronological logging of those fluctuations like a stock summary. Where should I look and see this?: "OK, on aug 31st it was this amount then on 2nd of september it was this amount" I have seen both sides of the fluctuation coin, I have seen my balance exceed what i put in and of course drop below what i put in, but I have no way of tracking an exact amount like a stock summary does for you giving you 1 day, 5 day, 30 day and on and on going out as far a 5 years. Does anyone know block chain wallet well enough to give me some guidance on this question?


texts: Handling negative "s" values for signatures?

texts: In comparing these test vectors to my own results, for tests #2 and #5, I end up with negative s values.  My results show that for test #2, test_s = my_s * -1, as an integer, yet the hexadecimal representation matches up correctly with the test, while for test #5, test_s = my_s + curve_order.  What is the proper way to handle a negative s value, or possibly, should I not be getting negative s values for these tests?


texts: Coinbase to Coinbase off-chain transaction fees?

texts:
When I click on "Send" from my bitcoin address which I know is off-chain in Coinbase to another Coinbase address which I also know is off-chain. So technically the transaction will not touch the blockchain, just update their off-chain books locally.

I know it's off-chain, because I deposited money using my credit card, and I scanned all addresses under Tools > Addresses on a blockchain explorer for a few days and there's nothing in there. They're keeping it off-chain until I actually want to spend it. Granted, but if I spend it to another Coinbase off-chain address, they should be able to find out that this is an address they own and they don't need to utilize the blockchain at all and could do it all off-chain as they own both addresses.

If that's the case, why is coinbase still charging me network fees? Sounds like mickey mouse fees to me for updating a record in their database without touching the blockchain.

Are they assuming that I don't know it's a fully off-chain transaction, and think they can charge me regardless? Or does their wizard have a glitch ?


texts: A fee is added per kilobyte of data. That means 1000 bytes or 1024?

texts:
Wikipedia says kB = 1000 bytes and KB = 1024 bytes.

Which one are we using for Bitcoin?


texts: Why would you pay a trading fee for Ripples?

texts: Some exchanges (including BitStamp, JustCoin, Kraken, and many others) charge a nominal 0.5% trading fee for matched orders. However, it is also possible to trade directly on the Ripple network with the same order book by using the Ripple client and setting the issuer to the respective exchange, thus avoiding the fee. Why would anyone pay a trading fee? (Other fees, like deposit/withdrawal transaction fees, make more sense to me.)


texts: There was a website which shows statistics about the size of the set of all unspent transaction outputs. I can't find it any more.


texts: Checking external bitcoin address balances via JSON-RPC API

texts:
I'm using bitcoin core json-rpc api in python and am wondering why...

getreceivedbyaddress()

...doesn't allow me to specify an address that isn't in my local wallet?

The whole blockchain is open, I can search anyone's address/balance via a web browser, so why would the API prevent me checking?

Is there another method for doing this that I'm missing?


texts: What happens to coins after Bitcoin Cash fork?

texts:
I'm new to Bitcoin and I read that there is a fork going to happen on Aug 1st to create Bitcoin Cash (BCC). From https://ethereumprice.org/ethereum-classic-and-bitcoin-cash/?a=1&b=https://ethereumprice.org/ it is estimated that Bitcoin Cash is going to have a value of ~$310. And it also says that the balance of Bitcoin (BTC) in a wallet will be copied to Bitcoin Cash.

So if I have 1BTC now, which values to ~$1700, after fork, I can have 1BTC + 1BCC with an approximate value of $2000. Is this correct?


texts: Please have sent my bitcoin from block chain wallet to localbitcoin wallet and keep telling me unconfirmed transaction and pending Xx please what can I do to get my bitcoin back.


texts:
At MtGox (and presumably some other sites), you can withdraw money in the form of a redeemable code. These codes are also accepted for deposit at some Bitcoin exchanges.

How does this work? Specifically, is there protection against double-spending? Can I know that the code I got is still valid, and has not been given to others as well?


texts: Is there a query that will return the size of the UTXO database? Specifically, the total number of unspent outputs.


texts: Does Bitcoin prefer broadcasting transactions crediting it?

texts: I'm currently doing some double-spend testing, and it appears that the standard client prefers broadcasting transactions that credit its wallet. That is to say, a client that receives such a transaction broadcasts it more, than it would broadcast other transactions in hopes of getting it into a block sooner. Is this truly the case, or are my observations incorrect?


texts: Why do I see a Bitcoin address prefix starting with 4?

texts:
I have an old Bitcoin (Counterparty) wallet that I am importing past transactions. I found a Tx that has a missing output address on one API, but it shows on another. I cannot find any documentation on what the Bitcoin address prefixed with '4' means. Is this valid or just a place holder?
Tx Hash: 5288973c6e2a323a2fbc95b84fbfd18b4ed2f75895c8295db03c653ea58c70d6
Blockcypher is showing the '4' (4PTehVhW6qTNhn88DK3JPBMkXfB2wR4juB)
https://api.blockcypher.com/v1/btc/main/txs/5288973c6e2a323a2fbc95b84fbfd18b4ed2f75895c8295db03c653ea58c70d6
Original API call is through Blockchain.Info
https://www.blockchain.com/btc/tx/5288973c6e2a323a2fbc95b84fbfd18b4ed2f75895c8295db03c653ea58c70d6
Blockchain just says "Unable to decode output address".
This is a counterparty transaction so I am thinking it may have something to do with that. Thoughts?


texts: Does the Bech32 address format decrease Bitcoin's possible address count?

texts:
I have wondered how many Bitcoin addresses are possible. When looking around, I stumbled upon this thread on BitcoinTalk:

There are exactly 2^160 possible addresses as long as we keep using
RIPE-MD160.
2^160 is
1,461,501,637,330,902,918,203,684,832,716,283,019,655,932,542,976.

Then I wondered if there are less possible addresses with the Bech32-format, specified by BIP 0173.
Besides, you cannot use uppercase format of characters in your computation, and some numbers as letters, such as i/1 and o/0 characters/numbers are excluded in Bech32 format.
Should that not decrease the possible amount of Bitcoin addresses dramatically, and decrease the security of Bitcoin?
So, I would like to know how many possible Bitcoin addresses there are with Bech32 format. How could I calculate it? What will the total number (plain long number, not the squared one, I'm not good in math) of possibilities be with the restrictions of Bech32 then?


texts: Could many large forks cause a DoS attack on the miner?

texts:
Suppose it was possible to influence a miner to create many forks.  My understanding is that a miner won't retransmit the fork, but will track it internally.

Where is this information saved in a miner (disk, RAM, etc)?
What protections exist to protect a miner from a resource depletion attack due to forking?


texts: Where can I find RPC_User and RPC_Password for my Python Script?

texts:
I'm still struggling with this to obtain "rpc_user" and "rpc_password" this is the Python Script

I did try others to fill in others network like Blockdaemon.com but it does not work, which is why I take off and leave it empty then I get the same error as per the snapshot below:

I have tried to find LocalHost to support this but it doesn't work even though via CMD and Ubuntu.
Any recommendation? Sorry again to inform I'm no expert in this as I'm a nerd who is still figuring out the way to solve this.  My GOAL is to able to Connect to any LocalHost for me to Post my Bitcoin Transaction.
Appreciate your guidance on this. Many thanks.


texts: Please investigate for the reason of no confirmation. Over 2 day zero confirmation. Fee Paid. Please help!

texts:
Can any miner help confirm my BTC transaction!  Zero confirmation for over 1.5 days now.  Feed was included. Please investigate to find out the reason of this delay, any mistake from the sender or receiver wallet that need to taken care off?  Please help.  Below is the link to the blockchain.

https://blockchain.info/tx/3f4ca76ec5d39f700a6284e1282bfbb77c8be474f810191840d9441fd8e97d81


texts: Crypto wallet for payments with no deposit

texts:
We are wondering how we can build a wallet that talks to our website and gives the user the ability to request a withdrawal of his funds. We do not know what is the right question for this type of functionality that we want to build is, so any advice would be much appreciated:

The flow would be the following ->
a: User got rewarded in crypto (BTC, XRP, ETH, LINK) (a digit on the database).
b: User withdraws his reward to their address.

The reward gets credited to the user's account (simply a digit on the database), and NOT to user's wallet address, as the wallet should NOT generate new addresses for deposits, as we do not want to allow deposits at all.

To help with the explanation, Bitcoin faucet websites have such functionality usually, where you can withdraw your earnings but not deposit funds in them.

Cheers


texts: What prevents a node from sending a different version of the blockchain?

texts:
I understand that proof of work prevents a node from creating a new version of the blockchain unless they have >50% of the hash rate, but what if the attacker is also able to intercept the victim's internet traffic?

In that case, it would be able to mine a few blocks (or if that's too difficult, start a new blockchain from the genesis block) and then replace traffic to any node on the network with traffic to their fake node with a different version of the blockchain. The victim would then not know that a longer chain exists, so would believe the attacker.

What prevents someone from doing this?


texts: Do you lose money when transferring between wallets?

texts:
I just recently 0.0306 BTC from a friend, but the weird thing is that he sent me 0.0316 BTC.

I got 0.0306 BTC, 0.0010 BTC less.

So do you lose money when transferring in the blockchain ?

This is the blockchain link of my transaction.


texts: listunspent bitcoin core command returns the address as String while getrawtransaction addresses are array

texts:
this answers why vout.scriptPubKey.addresses is an array,

then why the address in listunspent response is a String?

Do you know any transactions in the blockchain have multi addresses in the vout?


texts: Historical transaction/trade ratio. Available? Useful?

texts:
Blockchain.info lists both "Trade Volume" and "Estimated Transaction Volume" in both BTC and USD. It occurred to me that the ratio of one to the other might be a useful metric in determining how much of the Bitcoin market is currently speculative versus how much is actually being used for trade.

I would be interested to see if there were, for example, a much higher trade:transaction ratio during the buildup of the bubble than in previous or current days. It might also be a useful metric for determining whether the bubble is truly over and for predicting Bubble 2.0, should one ever occur.

Does anyone know of a good historical source for this data, or perhaps have both the programming acumen and time available to create a simple graph? Or have I missed something important, economically, that makes this information less useful than I'm currently assuming it to be?


texts: How can I consume my whole bitcoin balance in a single transction? Is it possible to use multiples UTXOs in a single transaction?

texts:
I want to make use of a single bitcoin address for payment. I'm using bitcoinjs library's transction builder for creating my own transaction. Can anyone help with a proper code to use multiple UTXO's in a single transaction? Is there any function which can automatically select the no. of UTXO's to be consumed depending on the output transaction value to be sent?
Thank you.


texts: If can anyone tell me how I can recover my BCH I mistakenly sent to paxful wallet address though I'm still seeing unspent on my BCH wallet I'm so confused pls help


texts:
You can divide on some pages the input script number in R and S. Now I wanted to ask if someone can tell me a Python code how to divide the input script number into R and S or can define, so I have only R and S.

Thank you

example Number:4830450221008377df63977c2b3212f11ffbf098b328b4f246a86d131faa75effe53cef8568a02200c7187e5898f4dc605819bb6cdb7e357ec6993ce1ad11a87a621a7a579fe6d92014104a2b3aef09705da98696f357dfa78605f6490f4115d55a8e0a5ada4152f77a50e4faa479b0ed241bb8699e356644dbe8de5058c2bbb739e42f8928e95ad8d7a18


texts: Can double-spends be automated by malicious custom bitcoin clients?

texts:
Say a malicious mobile bitcoin client is created, programmed to quickly send two or more double-send transactions whenever a payment is made.

Is this an attack vector we should be concerned of?
What could be done in order protect against such an attack?


texts: When did Litecoin become "GPU-friendly"?

texts: I've heard recently here that Litecoin became more GPU-friendly. When did this happen, and what were the changes to the protocol to accommodate that change. Also, is there any reason for the change provided by the project developers?


texts: When a new block is propagated, nodes validate from genesis block to propagated block?

texts:
For example, I have a nth block and when n + 1 th block is propagated, i have to compare with n+1 block's previous hash and nth block's hash for validation. It is pretty trivial.

But do i have to compare hash value for validation from genesis block to n + 1 block?

like comparing 0 and 1, 1 and 2, 2, and 3 ... n and n + 1

One of the most famous pseudo block chain code in github
https://github.com/dvf/blockchain/blob/master/blockchain.py#L37, block is validated from genesis block.

Bitcoin use similar way to validate a new block?


texts: Need some assistance if I need to stop and take my losses. I had Bitcoin mined and the earned profits. I paid the commission fee and the profit was moved to blockchain.com. They requested a payment of $3500 because it’s a new wallet. Unfortunately I didn’t pay it timely due to purchase limits only cash app and coinbase accounts. I paid the $3500. But then they said Bec of the delay i had to pay an additional $2000. Yes I paid that and now they are saying I need to pay $3500 again within 3-4 days.  Is this normal process?  Please help!


texts:
I setup p2pool for Dogecoin. It seems to work fine, only it submits every single share to the Dogecoin client. The client naturally rejects blocks with insufficient PoW.

Is this how it should work? Is there a parameter that would cause p2pool to submit only valid blocks that meet the required difficulty?


texts: How much space does a backup of a wallet usually take?

texts:
I have a Bitcoin QT v0.8.5-beta wallet (downloaded in 2013) which I will backup before trying to export the private keys to a Electrum wallet. I have found a backup button in the QT wallet, but it doesn't describe what the backup leads to.

I have downloaded about 1/15 of the blockchain (224 weeks behind) in the QT wallet, and I have a pendrive with about 2 GB free space that I intend make a backup to. So should there be enough space on the pendrive to take the backup?