texts: What is the meaning of 'change' and 'reserve' in a Bitcoin Core wallet dump?

texts:
I'm using libwally to derive addresses from an extended private key. I shared the seed with Bitcoin Core (loaded it in a blank wallet with sethdseed), and noticed that there are 2 addresses in the dump of the wallet file under the same derivation path, one is labeled reserve=1 and is the same that I derive with libwally, the other is labeled change=1 and is different.
I have a few questions about this:

what is exactly the meaning of reserve and change? My guess is that reserve are normal reception addresses and change are, well, change, but I'm still wondering if there's some meaning more specific to Bitcoin Core.
I thought that change addresses were derived with a different path, like the reception addresses all end with ../0/{index} and change with ../1/{index}, or is Bitcoin Core doing things differently of say Electrum?
Besides I wonder how to generate 2 different key pairs with the same master key and path, could I have generate the change address with libwally too?

[EDIT] After doing it one more time I only have one address with the same path in the dump file of Bitcoin Core, so I guess I made a mistake last time, I'll explain it here in case it helps:
To create a wallet with a seed you choose yourself you need 2 commands, createwallet and sethdseed. Besides the required wallet_name, createwallet also takes an optional blank argument. By default it is false, and the command will use a random seed to generate a key pool. But since we want to use our own seed, we need to set it to true. If you dump the newly created wallet, it will be blank, no master key, no key pool, nothing. Then only you can sethdseed with a 32B seed encoded in wif format.
I was having 2 keys under the same derivation path because I first created a wallet with a random seed, and then added my own with sethdseed, so I was having 2 key pools in my dump file. As Andrew said in the answer, it is impossible to have 2 different key pairs with the same master key and path.


texts: How did they generate these vanity addresses with 27 predetermined characters?

texts:
A while ago, I read some news about a huge transaction on the Bitcoin blockchain. The first few addresses used were apparently created with some kind of vanity address generator. One example is 1Lets1xxxxxx1use1xxxxxxxxxxxy2EaMkJ.
However I recalled, when reading up on the topic a couple of years ago, that this process is very computation hungry, since it entails a brute force search for private/public keypairs. Finding a keypair with only a few predetermined public key characters would take a long time. And indeed, the Vanitygen article on the Bitcoin wiki seems to agree - finding a keypair with 12 determined public key characters would take 11,700,000 years...
So, how did they manage to generate the public key above with 27 non-random characters?
(They say that the task of finding a private key for a specific public key is futile, but extrapolating here makes you kind of wonder...)


texts: When I am asked to make donations, I assure the requester that I will donate if they accept BTC.  Initially, that gets a blank look, but I wonder how it might change if more of us took that approach.  Specifically, has anyone had success with making donations, political, religious or otherwise, using BTC?


texts: Difference and resources for Miniscript and Simplicity?

texts:
I have read about that it is a language for writing Bitcoin Scripts in a structured way, enabling analysis, composition, generic signing and more.
http://bitcoin.sipa.be/miniscript/ is helpful but need more information, examples, libraries etc.
Simplicity is a blockchain programming language designed as an alternative to Bitcoin script and works for Elements.
I need more links or information to try things.
Also can miniscript be used for elements and simplicity be used for bitcoin?


texts: Why do my transactions show I received 1 satoshi?

texts:
My Multi-Bit client shows 1 satoshi sent to me in my receiving transactions, with 1 confirmation only. The receiving address is quite old too. Why is that showing up when I didn't send myself anything and no one would have any reason to send me anything?

  fc973596838c5d001efd77060c775cd85f0ac3821ae813e64116d9eb66ead30a: Seen by 1 peer. Pending/unconfirmed.
     from 1Enjoy1C4bYBr3tN4sMKxvvJDqG8NkdR4Z / 3d96dee6b4aaeeed1d5a95446c6fba4ab3ff0664aaf76773428c485d86f697fb:1
       to 1Pfe9cYYQYGbKdSddLxuFyYRmvNoFPgVWu 0.00000001 BTC
       to 1Meshuse4ZU16HjLmnUCYt3DFEHvp1qscw 0.00000001 BTC
       to 1PKE81BAg8RHYLGqLCsVcnWCspcfekokwG 0.00000001 BTC
       to 18omoJATGraMgghRrocCoSnR2gz6mx8DkW 0.00000001 BTC
       to 19qn25QVqn3ZH6UT63PbgtSBsyAgyaWxAA 0.00000001 BTC
       to 1HNyt3qg3qgL2XhhcsjMD6d9zpDB98Kqqw 0.00000001 BTC
       to 1CrRqLtF766WTAx1VEzJr9rwFWjV5xpqAX 0.00000001 BTC
       to 1D6JBqA5ixpvNS4RjthapT4c5zkut4yNf1 0.00000001 BTC
... body is limited to 30,000 characters ....
       to 17jVF27wAV9bhneRFsnLTySMUjtPWHZVwB 0.00000001 BTC
       to 1MoVuJTG4DV1r37Ew11ePWefn3uFb8vDmm 0.00000001 BTC
       to 1GBE3BrqzfevPDsSzJaJpTa1VyKMWTt5MZ 0.00000001 BTC
       to 1BMR6fDvuqPan3QA9iNUJxXeHtvLKmRaeq 0.00000001 BTC
       to 1Enjoy1C4bYBr3tN4sMKxvvJDqG8NkdR4Z 0.0000225 BTC


texts: Bitcoin wallet on smart phone drains battery a lot?

texts:
I downloaded Android Bitcoin Wallet (version 6.17) on my android phone, and realized that the app drains battery a lot. The system showed 40% of battery was used to the wallet.

Does anyone have same issue?
Or is this happen to other different Bitcoin wallets?
Or should I kill the process after I open the app?

If Bitcoin Wallet drains battery a lot compared to other apps like Whatsapp, Facebook that run background, the wallet is not suitable to smart phone...


texts:
I'm trying to create a little mining-script that connects over rpc to bitcoin core. I have problems following the documentation and all attempts to create a valid block (with dummy-nonce for testing) and submit it over "submitblock" are raising this error:

bitcoinrpc.authproxy.JSONRPCException: -22: Block decode failed

I tried to follow this source, but it seemed outdated: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Getblocktemplate

For bip34-implementation I tried to follow this to create a correct coinbasetransaction:
https://learnmeabitcoin.com/glossary/coinbase-transaction

Most likely my function bip34 is creating a wrong coinbasetxn I would assume. My second guess would be, that the decoding of the block before submitting it causes the error.
I'm getting out of ideas, so any help is appreciated.
Here's my humble hack:

from bitcoinrpc.authproxy import AuthServiceProxy, JSONRPCException
import hashlib
import binascii
import struct

def dblsha(data):
    return hashlib.sha256(hashlib.sha256(data).digest()).digest()

def varintEncode(n):
    if n < 0xfd:
        return struct.pack('<B', n)
    return b'\xfd' + struct.pack('<H', n)

def bip34(coinbasetxn, height):
    txn_bytes = binascii.a2b_hex(coinbasetxn)
    # https://learnmeabitcoin.com/glossary/coinbase-transaction
    height_to_bytes = height.to_bytes(3, byteorder='big')[::-1]
    length = 3
    length_to_bytes = length.to_bytes(1, byteorder='big')
    res = length_to_bytes + height_to_bytes
    #seems that createrawtransaction() allways creates a scriptsig of length == 1 byte, so change it to 4 bytes
    txn_bytes = txn_bytes[:46] + (4).to_bytes(1, byteorder='big') + res + txn_bytes[48:]
    return txn_bytes

def test1():
    rpc_connection = AuthServiceProxy(
            "http://%s:%s@127.0.0.1:8332"%("__cookie__", "rpc_password"), timeout=10020)
    block_template =rpc_connection.getblocktemplate({"rules": ["segwit"],"capabilities": ["coinbase/append"]})
    #change value from sat to btc
    coinbase_val = block_template["coinbasevalue"]/100000000
    coinbasetxn = rpc_connection.createrawtransaction(
        [{"txid":"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","vout":0}], {"3GbAEvhB6XUYG79SfCamYPVzhJpchzq3ZY":coinbase_val})
    height = block_template["height"]
    coinbasetxn = bip34(coinbasetxn, height)
    txnlist = [coinbasetxn] + [binascii.a2b_hex(a['data']) for a in block_template['transactions']]
    merklehashes = [dblsha(t) for t in txnlist]
    while len(merklehashes) > 1:
        if len(merklehashes) % 2:
            merklehashes.append(merklehashes[-1])
        merklehashes = [dblsha(merklehashes[i] + merklehashes[i + 1]) for i in range(0, len(merklehashes), 2)]
    merkleroot = merklehashes[0]
    blkheader = struct.pack('<I', block_template['version']) + \
                binascii.a2b_hex(block_template['previousblockhash']) + \
                merkleroot + \
                struct.pack('<I', block_template['curtime']) + \
                binascii.a2b_hex(block_template['bits']) + \
                b'NONC'
    blkdata = blkheader + varintEncode(len(txnlist)) + coinbasetxn
    for txn in txnlist[1:]:
            blkdata += txn
    blkdata = binascii.hexlify(blkdata)
    blkdata = blkdata.decode("ascii")
    res = rpc_connection.submitblock(blkdata)
    print(res)

def main():
    test1()

main()


texts: Can a Butterfly Labs Mini Rig SC cause health concerns if stored in a bedroom?

texts:
Assuming heat and noise factors are not a concern, are there any additional issues (radiation) to be concerned about?

How far should this device be stored away from children's play rooms and sleeping rooms?  Can it be in a locked ventilated cabinet?

I'm trying to understand if this device, when powered on at full capacity, causes any health and safety concerns.


texts: Do transactions affect the discovery of a block?

texts: When a miner creates blocks, do transactions in that block affect the result? For example, if a miner creates a block, but now a new transaction is broadcast on the network, will the miner stop current work, then add the new transaction as one of the inputs, then recreate the block?


texts: What are some uses of a signed crytocurrency message in a product or service or some other useful use of this feature?

texts: A signed message is a way to prove a user owns an address. But what are some useful products or services that have been built around this feature with signing a bitcoin / altcoin message with their private key?


texts:
I know that merkle hash for one transaction tx is:

sha256(sha256(tx))

In this block:
https://blockchain.info/block/000000000000000001291219dde8ed705903e8c101f416c68a439e5171ede5bc

there is only one transaction, but the merkle root equals to transaction hash!!!

So, how merkle root can be calculated???


texts: I forgot which software I created my wallet with. How can I recover from a 12 word seed phrase?

texts:
I purchased bitcoin through a bitcoin ATM, and I opened a new wallet on the spot.

On getting home my phone was mysteriously wiped, how can I find the wallet I created? I happened to write down the 12-word phrase.


texts:
I installed Cgminer and created the batch file to run it

cgminer.exe -o http://pit.deepbit.net:8332 -u myemail@gmail.com_workerName -p s3cr3t

but when I run it I get

[2013-05-21 00:39:34] Started cgminer 3.1.1
[2013-05-21 00:39:34] Probing for an alive pool
[2013-05-21 00:39:38] Pool 0 slow/down or URL or credentials invalid
[2013-05-21 00:40:34] No servers were found that could be used to get work from .
[2013-05-21 00:40:34] Please check the details from the list below of the servers you have input
[2013-05-21 00:40:34] Most likely you have input the wrong URL, forgotten to ad d a port, or have not set up workers

Does anyone know what I'm doing wrong?


texts: What is the best way to monitor non-wallet addresses for new transactions

texts:
The main purpose is to have "payment done" confirmation as fast as possible, within  some seconds.

First option is to implement it myself. Now I have the following implementation based on querying Bitoin-qt from .NET API:
I receive all new transaction IDs using getrawmempool and then iterate through each of them to get details using getrawtransaction to find transactions with addresses I want to monitor.

2 years ago it used to work well, but now I see it performs slower and slower.
So, I think bitcoin-qt + .NET API is not the approach which can increase monitor time.

Another option is to use third-party services, like blockchain.info, which can be used in my (commercial) application.


texts:
If i had a central Bitcoin wallet, and then allowed 3 different people to deposit bitcoin into that address, would there be anyway to distinguish who they are, without knowing who's address is who, i know sending messages with transactions isn't supported by all wallets so i was just wondering if there was a different way.
Like i said i've tried passing a message through the transaction but that isn't always possible from the wallets.
Maybe theres another way to check someone is the owner of a wallet. Other than signing a message of course.


texts:
I got locked out of my Ledger Nano S. When setting up the device I was given a 24 words seed passphrase, which I wrote down. The device asked me to verify 3 of the 24 words and my input was valid.

It now turned out that I made a mistake when writing the seed passphrase down since the checksum doesn't validate and I can't recover my wallets. All words that I wrote down are words that are in the BIP32 spec words list.

What strategy would you use (involving coding or not coding) to try and fix the seed passphrase?


texts: How could you initiate a new Exchange Market?

texts:
Supposing I want to "initiate" an exchange market. Is the only way to get some bitcoins IN  to buy them from another exchange and trying to sell them? (or to wait for people starting trading, correct?)
Thanks


texts: In NXT, what is the difference from Account ID and Account Numeric ID?

texts:
For NXT, why are there 2 different ways of identifying your NXT account? There is a Account ID and Account Numeric ID.

What was the differences and why was it done like this?

What are advantages/disadvantages from using one or the other?


texts: Would I be able to recover coins if Trezor went out of business?

texts: I'm considering a Trezor wallet. I've read through their info about recovering if I lose the device or forget my PIN. What if the company were to go out of business. Would I still be able to recover my coins?


texts:
Are Low-fee-transactions low priority to be included in block?

When do miners include low-fee-transactions?

Do they have their own formula to get priority?

Or just oldest transactions are first?


texts: How does Blockviewer work? (tool to discover identities of "anonymous" bitcoin transactions)

texts:
I'm trying to follow the logical sequence of how Blockviewer works and only see this one blog entry for the process, but no "part 2".

Can someone describe the techniques to link a wallet address to the owner?


texts: Where can one convert their bitcoins to Liquid LBTC bitcoins on Blockstreams Liquid Network?

texts: Is there a place where one can convert their Bitcoin to Liquid BTC? Which exchanges? Is there even a mobile wallet that supports it if one wants to withdraw it?


texts: How does bitcoin's price volatility compare to commodities/stocks with comparable market capitalizations?

texts:
Bitcoin's long term (after 21 million units have been created) market cap is about $102 million.

Price volatility of individual commodities/stocks is inversely correlated with their market cap, so price volatility is to be expected with bitcoin, but relative to commodities/stocks with similar market caps, does it have a volatile price?

I'm guessing that price volatility for bitcoin would be low relative to commodities and stocks with comparably sized markets because it has lower transaction costs allowing for a more liquid market, and I'd like to know if the data shows this to be the case, but I don't know where to start looking as I'm not very familiar with commodity and stock markets and trading.


texts: Save state to the disk at abrupt bitcoind shutdowns

texts:
I have a bitcoind running, and after new blocks being synced, sometimes I kill it(without stop command).

Next time, when I start it, it goes through already synced blocks.

Is there any way to force bitcoind keep the state on a hard drive after accepting each new block?


texts:
I'd like to do RBF testing on testnet. I'd like to simulate a transaction with too-low fees, aka "stuck" transaction, and then RBF it in various ways.
Problem is, all testnet transactions are added to the next block due to mostly-empty mempool and 1 sat/B fee rate.
Is there a clever way to create a transaction that sits in the testnet mempool, which can be later mined after RBF?
Didn't the developers of RBF test their code on testnet?


texts: Why no IPv4 incoming connections when IPv6 available?

texts:
I'm having some problems getting any incoming connections in Bitcoin Core (v0.15.0.1).

I have verified that the machine running the client can receive incoming connections on port 8333 over both IPv4 and IPv6, and upon doing so, the remote IP shows up as a peer (which doesn't do anything because I'm only connecting via telnet to confirm the open port.)

However I am not getting any incoming connections from the network, over IPv4 or IPv6.  I thus only have 8 outgoing connections and the network speed is extremely slow, so it is taking forever to catch up to the latest block (client is telling me two weeks catch up time.)

When I run the getnetworkinfo command in the console, it tells me both ipv4 and ipv6 networks are reachable, however the localaddresses only shows my IPv6 address:

"networks": [
  {
    "name": "ipv4",
    "limited": false,
    "reachable": true,
    "proxy": "",
    "proxy_randomize_credentials": false
  },
  {
    "name": "ipv6",
    "limited": false,
    "reachable": true,
    "proxy": "",
    "proxy_randomize_credentials": false
  },
  {
    "name": "onion",
    "limited": true,
    "reachable": false,
    "proxy": "",
    "proxy_randomize_credentials": false
  }
],
"localaddresses": [
  {
    "address": "2001:4479:xxxx",
    "port": 8333,
    "score": 1
  }
],

Shouldn't localaddresses also show my IPv4 address?  I'm behind a NAT for IPv4 but the port forward works, and the usual show-my-ip places report the correct global IP which does reach this machine on port 8333.

Although I have an outgoing connection to an IPv6 client, I am wondering whether the problem is that 1) there are not many IPv6 clients and 2) the client is not advertising my IPv4 address.

Does the client stop advertising IPv4 addresses when IPv6 ones are available?  Or is there another reason why no IPv4 address would be showing?

EDIT: Ran bitcoind and this is what it says about the network:

...
torcontrol thread start
AddLocal([2001:4479:xxxx]:8333,1)
Discover: IPv6 eth0: 2001:4479:xxxx
Bound to [::]:8333
Bound to 0.0.0.0:8333
init message: Loading P2P addresses...
Loaded 48551 addresses from peers.dat  117ms
init message: Loading banlist...
init message: Starting network threads...
...

Looks like it's only discovering IPv6 and not IPv4 for some reason.


texts: If miners pay income tax, could a change in tax laws affect network security?

texts: Assuming that more than half of the Bitcoin miners pay taxes on revenue gained, could a increase in income tax laws (or similar) cause those ethical miners to go out of business? ... and the Bitcoin network to be more vulnerable to attack?


texts: What are the network requirements of running a bitcoin node?

texts:
I have been hosting my bitcion node in a simple Kuberenetes setup (without istio). I recently learnt about istio https://istio.io/ and want to use it for hosting my bitcoin node.

However, I am not sure about the egress values that need to be configured for the bitcoin node to discover and communicate to other peers. What's the correct way of istio egress configuration for bitcoind?
More specifically, what are the hosts that I should allow bitcoind to communicate to?


texts: How is the encoding of extraNonce done in the genesis block?

texts:
You can see here the coinbase of the genesis block

txNew.vin[0].scriptSig = CScript() << 486604799 << CBigNum(4) << vector<unsigned char>((const unsigned char*)pszTimestamp, (const unsigned char*)pszTimestamp + strlen(pszTimestamp));

Broken down into hex it looks like this

Size of nBits as varint

0x04

nBits themselves

0xffff001d

Satoshi's message in HEX

0x5468652054696d65732030332f4a616e2f32303039204368616e63656c6c6f72206f6e206272696e6b206f66207365636f6e64206261696c6f757420666f722062616e6b73

And between the nBits and Satoshi's message we have these three bytes which should be the extraNonce

0x010445

Which correspond to the code CBigNum(4), since 4 is an integer, it's 4 bytes, if this was encoded as a varint, it's value is < 253 as such it would've taken only 1 byte, but as you see there are three bytes.
Upon asking the bitcoin developers on IRC, they told me it's because the BigNum library encodes bits differently.

I started poking around in the Bitcoin source code, specifically the Bignum wrapper, I found many overloaded constructors and operators, but ultimately failed to find how these three bytes are calculated and returned because of my little experience with C++.

However, I believe it's this function

void setulong(unsigned long n)
{
    if (!BN_set_word(this, n))
        throw bignum_error("CBigNum conversion from unsigned long : BN_set_word failed");
}

However it's still not returning these bytes. So my question is, how is the integer 4 which should still be 0x04 in hex encoded to be this sequence of bytes 0x010445(big-endian) so that I can do it in C?


texts: How to send an invalid transaction for testing purposes?

texts:
How could I send an invalid transaction—for testing purposes, such as with testnet or regtest?

For example, I would like to to try to double-spend, spend non existent coins, etc.


texts: Can I open many channels to one connection?

texts:
Trying to learn the Lightning Network :)

Can I do something like this:

STEP 1: Generate new addresses

address_1 = cli/lightning-cli newaddr
address_2 = cli/lightning-cli newaddr
address_3 = cli/lightning-cli newaddr
address_4 = cli/lightning-cli newaddr
address_5 = cli/lightning-cli newaddr

STEP 2: Get transaction ids

txnid_1 = bitcoin-cli -testnet sendtoaddress address_1 60000
txnid_2 = bitcoin-cli -testnet sendtoaddress address_2 70000
txnid_3 = bitcoin-cli -testnet sendtoaddress address_3 80000
txnid_4 = bitcoin-cli -testnet sendtoaddress address_4 90000

Question 1: the commands above transfer money the BITCOIN NETWORK to the LIGHTNNG NETWORK - right??? If so, which BITCOIN "FROM" address is being used?

STEP 3: See who I am connected to

run: cli/lightning-cli listpeers (to see who I am connected with)

Please note that for my example:

Public Key for NODE_B => is not on list above (not a peer)
Public Key for NODE_C => is not on list above (not a peer)
Public Key for NODE_D => is not on list above (not a peer)

STEP 4: Fund the channels:

The command I see for funding a channel is:  cli/lightning-cli fundchannel

BUT -

What I would like to do:

cli/lightning-cli fundchannel NODE_B 10000 [txnid_2]
cli/lightning-cli fundchannel NODE_C 20000 [txnid_2]
cli/lightning-cli fundchannel NODE_B 30000 [txnid_3]
cli/lightning-cli fundchannel NODE_D 40000 [txnid_4]

For example I want to fund a channel to NODE_B with 10000 Satoshi from  txnid_2

Question 2: Is what I would like to do possible?

TIA


texts: Given the following example hash: 1ee917ec6ab6339e563d55abee50a49ccdb7d827cf087c0884f3da3b86e0dff4, and the following example private key: 483F2F5445D97B948A61C0D58CCC438126F3746220556942662B999178E8A0C4, how can I sign the transaction in PHP?


texts: Transaction unconfirmed after almost 2 day,please help

texts:
I tried to send a bitcoin transfer monday afternoon and it is still unconfirmed. Paid the default fee and the transaction has said high priority since i sent it.Can anyone help me get this confirmed? Would greatly appreciate any help!

The transaction is:
https://blockchain.info/tx/907e8e446585be642bf85d89b15a55e306fe9868ed713c0cec84781761bcbd7a


texts: Assuming quantum computers become mature enough to effectively crack elliptic curve cryptography of the type used by bitcoin, is Mastercoin secure?


texts: Running a store through Tor - what are the setup options available?

texts: I am required to setup a store that will operate through Tor and accept Bitcoin payments only. I know I can run the standard client on the server and make it connect to peers only through Tor. However, are there any other options available for handling Bitcoin side of things - hosting the wallet, creating accounts, receiving money and so forth? Do any eWallets or other services allow access through Tor?


texts:
From what I can gather BOLT #4 is applying similar methods, such as obscuring previous and future hops from intermediate nodes, to the TOR network for routing payments across the Lightning network.

If that statement is broadly correct does that mean deploying a Lightning node on the TOR network would not be very compelling? There may still be benefits for NAT traversal and other things? But for obfuscation/anonymity is the idea that the Onion Routing BOLT will be as effective as TOR?


texts:
I'm writing my own implementation of BIP44 wallet.

Can someone please point me to a BIP44 compatible wallet that could import seeds from other wallets. I've looked at several and it seems that, at most, they support only BIP39.

Thank you.


texts:
I am learning about mining pools and trying to understand their reward structure and transactions fees.

Looking at the two largest pools, Antpool & BTC.com, as far as I understand AntPool uses PPS and BTC.com FPPS.

The main difference i guess is that in FPPS also the transaction fees are incorporated in the reward structure.

First of all, what exactly is the transaction fee? The fee of finding a block? The fee of transferring the btc reward to another account?

and how can the transaction fee be incorporated in the reward structure as in FPPS?


texts: How much space needed to run Bitcoin daemon in amazon AMI?

texts: How much space needed to run Bitcoin daemon in amazon AMI(ubuntu 12.04), I am currently having 20GB is that enough suppose i want to run multiple coin daemon say 6 coin daemons how much space(approx) i needed?


texts: Does anyone know of good resources to get started with working with bitcoin? Mostly involving transactions, eg: creating and storing wallets and moving coins from one wallet to another, etc. This will probably be server software like for a website. I'm new to this and would appreciate some direction. Thanks.


texts: Is it possible to use servers to mine bitcoins?

texts:
I have a vps, it's debian but i can install any os, i don't use it a lot, can i use it to mine bitcoins? Correct me if I'm wrong, bitcoins uses video cards, and as far as i know, vps and dedicated servers don't have video cards.

So therefore I'm asking, is it possible to use servers to mine bitcoins


texts: What is the difference between the two definitions that is not the following explanation: "Sell BTC 2.3 at $593.18" is an example of a limit order asking for $593.18 per 1 BTC. "Buy BTC 0.32 at $592.03" would be a limit order bidding for $592.03 per 1 BTC.


texts:
A few years ago my Bitcoin QT wallet stopped working and error messages started popping up

The error reads:

  Assertion Failed!

  Program:... File: src/main.cpp Line: 1127 Expression: pindexFirst

  For information on how your program can cause an assertion failure,
  see the Visual C++ documentation on asserts (Press Retry to debug the
  application - JIT must be enabled)

How can I fix this? Is this wallet now obsolete?


texts: What does it mean that ripples are destroyed?

texts:
I learn that, whether involving the transaction fees, or in some other cases, ripples can be destroyed.

What does it mean?

If I was charged a fee, does that mean that nobody got that fee as a corresponding increase of their holdings in XRPs?

Or does it mean that there is no record of it anywhere except in my retina vision cells seeing 0.xxx less in my account and somebody else seeing more?


texts: Hashrate falls by factor of 1000x when now block is found?

texts:
Very often my mining hashrate falls from the usual ~550 Mhash/s to about 400-500 khash/s, and I have noticed direct correlation in time with messages like these:

btcguild.com:8332 25/04/2013 10:07:14, long poll: new block 0000014d5c6c4f89

This happens across different pools. Stopping and starting the miner puts it back on the normal hashrate, but it means I have to look at the window 24h. I'm still very new to this but it seems like it switches to CPU mining? Why?

My setup is:

CPU i7-3770K
GPU HD 7970
16 GB RAM
Windows 7 64bit
Guiminer v2012-12-03


texts: What does a coinbase output script look like?

texts: What does a coinbase output script look like and how would it be used to fund a transaction?


texts: Why the amount of listunspent and getbalance is not the same when each data is called by API?

texts:
When I called listunspent, it returned the following array. From the array, I thought the balance "mknGW629wzSkfWvgXF23d8eTrqibnhTcrf" is 0.1097. However, when I called getbalance of mknGW629wzSkfWvgXF23d8eTrqibnhTcrf, it returned 0.000000.

Why sum of amounts of listunspnet is not equal with balance of address?

$./bitcoin-cli listunspent

{
    "txid": "a82bf11b72d6ef2f5eaa62190914a4c80b8749e075015fda513b899f54d29e06",
    "vout": 0,
    "address": "mknGW629wzSkfWvgXF23d8eTrqibnhTcrf",
    "account": "",
    "scriptPubKey": "76a91439be11328b909d0327ef53ae923a9b4dd47420f788ac",
    "amount": 0.00000600,
    "confirmations": 367,
    "spendable": true
  },
  {
    "txid": "b8f8d20946ca52283fbf192c7ebfb817deba260c54911938d59bb64bbb8cb8a7",
    "vout": 0,
    "address": "mknGW629wzSkfWvgXF23d8eTrqibnhTcrf",
    "account": "",
    "scriptPubKey": "76a91439be11328b909d0327ef53ae923a9b4dd47420f788ac",
    "amount": 0.00000600,
    "confirmations": 366,
    "spendable": true
  },
  {
    "txid": "b8f8d20946ca52283fbf192c7ebfb817deba260c54911938d59bb64bbb8cb8a7",
    "vout": 2,
    "address": "mknGW629wzSkfWvgXF23d8eTrqibnhTcrf",
    "account": "",
    "scriptPubKey": "76a91439be11328b909d0327ef53ae923a9b4dd47420f788ac",
    "amount": 0.10968200,
    "confirmations": 366,
    "spendable": true
  },
  {
    "txid": "b66513ae7aab964e5374d97be206b94e529055523a35d2249ad2917745c921f8",
    "vout": 0,
    "address": "mknGW629wzSkfWvgXF23d8eTrqibnhTcrf",
    "account": "",
    "scriptPubKey": "76a91439be11328b909d0327ef53ae923a9b4dd47420f788ac",
    "amount": 0.00000600,
    "confirmations": 370,
    "spendable": true
  }
]

$ ./bitcoin-cli getbalance mknGW629wzSkfWvgXF23d8eTrqibnhTcrf
0.00000000


texts:
There are rumors that the creator of Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto, currently possess as much as 1.5m bitcoins.

What are the steps involved to determine / guess how many coins Satoshi has?


texts: How to claim my BCH and BTG when my BTC is in Coinmotion and has been there when the forks happened? Coinmotion didn't and still doesn't support BCH and BTG.


texts:
What are the requirements and technologies I need for creating my own cryptocurrency?

How to assign value for my own coin?

For example:

1 bitcoin  = 279627.91 INR,
1 Litecoin = 2863.13 INR


texts: "Error: Invalid RPC method" when i try to create block in regtest mode

texts:
I use Ubuntu.
After i run bitcoind -regtest -daemon
I tried to create blocks by running command: bitcoin-cli -regtest generate 101
And it returned error like this:

Error: Invalid RPC method
 Usage: bitcoin-cli [--testnet] [--host=host] [--port=port] [--rpcuser=user
 --rpcpassword=pass] method args

But when i run this command: bitcoin-cli -regtest getinfo, it still work

This is my bitcoin.conf file ( directory: /home/myname/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf)

server=1
rpcuser=myuser
rpcpassword=mypassword
txindex=1
regtest=1

I've tried google but I got nothing to handle this trouble, please help me.


texts: How to get my bitcoin payment confirmed?

texts:
I have invested some bitcoins on a website.
They have made a payment to me of 0.002 bitcoins to my BTC wallet, but it is unconfirmed for more than 24 hours now.

Is it due to low mining fees is given from the sending party?
What can I do about this?


texts: How can an online wallet be more secure than paper wallets or cold storages?

texts:
Recently, after I was reading that some bitcoin early adopter lost 750 BTC due to theft from his macbook, I was looking for the most secure storage solution for my coins.

I already know about paper wallets and cold storage solutions but I somehow came across reading about multisignature online wallets being more secure than the traditional systems.

I came across BitGo.com and they claim to be more secure than paper/cold storage but as easy to use like an online/mobile wallet:

Is this really possible? I was doing some research myself and learned they are using multisignature wallets with three private keys:

One encrypted private key holds BitGo with a passphrase only known by them.
Another encrypted private key holds BitGo with a passphrase chosen by me.
One encrypted backup key which only I hold with my own passphrase.

Now there are several use cases, I tried to deposit and withdraw some small amounts, and it's really easy. It seems they use their key on server side an my key on client side to sign the transaction. All I have to do is entering my passphrase to unlock the key.

In addition, if BitGo ever ceases to exist I can still use my own two keys to access the coins without using the service offered by BitGo.

But, to be honest, this sounds to good to be true. Now I'm wondering:

Is there a way BitGo (or an attacker who compromises BitGo) can access my funds because they hold two keys? Or is this really trustless because all depends on my passphrase?
Isn't entering my key's passphrase at their website a weak point which could be abused by attackers (or even the service)? Or is my password really only processed client-side?
Is such a solution really more secure than cold storages?


texts: Create an issuance and a send within the same block (XCP)

texts:
Using counterparty api I am issuing an asset, signing the raw transaction and sending raw transaction. Api I used is http://counterparty.io/docs/api/#create_issuance

As it takes 10 or more minutes to confirm the transaction, is it possible to send the unconfirmed transaction using create_send? Or is it possible to automate from counterparty to send it after confirmation? http://counterparty.io/docs/api/#create_send

I have tried the advanced create_ parameters to no avail.


texts: Can Segregated Witness function in an Emergent Consensus environment?

texts:
Same as subject. I've been finding it difficult to find any discussion on the current Emergent Consensus implementation and theory, but I have seen reservations.

Does it adversely impact the viability of the current Segregated Witness implementation?

Although I've been bombarded with polarization on these topics, I haven't concluded that they are mutually exclusive.


texts:
I'm using btcdeb to understand script.
I pick a old random P2PKH transaction form mainnet, and paste unlocking script e locking script inside.
I know that this script is ok, because I can check on blockchain.

Than I Want to try with btcdeb and it works only if add flag

  --modify-flags=-NULLFAIL

I expect the True at the end, instead I get 0x.
Now, I did some research on NULLFAIL, but I don't understand the Problem.
Before BIP 0146 the script could return false?


texts: How does the ECDSA verification algorithm work during transaction?

texts:
I understand the basic concept ECDSA where if Bob wants to sign a message it generates a random number n, multiply it with the secp256k1, r = the x value , s = (H(x)dr)*n^-1 mod q. Also the verification is done by P=u1(G)+u2(P), where G is the generation point, and P as the public key of Bob.

I went through the transaction page of wiki. My understanding is that ECDSA takes place somewhere in the scriptSig/scriptPubKey section.

If Bob wants to spend the unspent transaction output, Bob will need to create a signature script that references to previous transactions, also provide his full public key, which will then be hashed to match previous transactions as the receiver, Bob will also need to generate a signature to prove that public key is originated from his public key.

It leaves me with a lot of questions such as the Transaction Verification steps:OP_CHECKSIG
where I'm guessing most of the steps are trying to match the hash, and finally at step 10 it
performs the ECDSA verification.

Does it still follow the basic concept computing u1, u2 and utilizing the full public key provided by Bob trying to match the r value at the end? Or is it doing something totally different? I can understand why pubKeyStr and sigStr is required for the ECDSA verification, but it also takes in sha256^2, which i guess is double hashing, with the (verifThisStr). I do not understand where that came from at all.

What would be substituted into the hashed message  H(x) when computing s? And does Bob just randomly pick a variable just to generate the signature when it was asked for claiming the unspent transaction?


texts:
I have to send a small amount 0.00001 btc to someone. The client requires a fee of 0.0005 btc (much more than the amount). This seems absurd. There should be a way to send coins for free, as mentioned in several articles ("no transaction fee").
Please let me know if it is possible to send BTC for free and which client to use.


texts: Is it possible to discover the set of bitcoin addresses from a public key?

texts: I'm trying to find the set of bitcoin addresses from a public key associated with a user just to analyse this user transaction. Is there any way to derive/find all the addresses that have been generated by this public key so far?


texts: What is the origin of insecure 64-bit nonces in signatures in the Bitcoin chain?

texts:
In Biased Nonce Sense: Lattice Attacks against Weak ECDSA Signatures in Cryptocurrencies Joachim Breitner and Nadia Heninger use a lattice based algorithm to recover private keys from signatures in the Bitcoin chain that were produced by insecure signers that generated biased nonces.

One large category of insecure signature that they discovered were 5,863 signatures between July 26, 2014 and June 1st, 2015 that were used in multisignature scripts where the nonces were only 64-bits in size. In the paper when a single key was used multiple times to sign multiple messages (which could be multiple inputs on a single transaction) with a small difference between the nonces their algorithm was able to determine the actual nonces used and the private keys with high probability.

Using a small nonce in multiple signatures is just an especially simple case of having a small difference.  Small nonces could also be attacked with simpler brute force search approaches without requiring multiple signatures but the paper's approach was much faster than brute force.  Their approach was also able to attack a number of 110 - 160-bit nonces which were used, a range that would have made a brute force search less realistic.

The authors were unaware of the origin of the 64-bit nonces but "hypothesize that this may be a faulty implementation intended for multifactor security, such as a hardware token".

What do we know about the actual origin of these signatures?


texts: Can a double spend attack be obfuscated by mimicking the transactions seen before the fork?

texts: An attacker controls the majority of the hashing power and wants to double spend without arousing suspicion. If they mirror the public chain's activity while generating the private fork and the fork is short (say 10 blocks), can you only detect the double spend by verifying the block hashes haven't changed or noticing the double spend transaction directly?


texts: How to verify the Bitcoin core software?

texts:
I just installed Bitcoin core (v0.15.1) for the first time. I've read that it's best to verify the software after downloading, but I don't see the links that are referred to in the instructions/videos. I can see them from my phone browser, but not on my PC. What am I missing?
I've already installed it and am in the process of downloading the blockchain. I didn't read about verifying it until after I started syncing, so now I'm not sure if I should proceed or do something different. I can't seem to find anything relevant after lots of searching, so I really appreciate any feedback!!


texts: How to query bitcoin database created by Toshi?

texts:
I want to query Toshi's(https://github.com/coinbase/toshi) database but can't figure it out how to connect to it. It seems like it runs inside a docker container.
Appreciate any help.


texts: Standalone Java Bitcoin Miner - Does it Exist?

texts: I am a java developer, and currently am looking to create a standalone java class that will let people mine Bitcoin using CPU, but I have no idea if such already exists. I have found one for LiteCoin, but that's all


texts: Fastest way to transfer funds from Ethereum address to Bitcoin address

texts:
I have an Ethereum address with some Ether in it, and I would like to transfer some of those funds to a Bitcoin address.

I am wondering what's the quickest and most painless way to perform the token exchange and the transaction - possibly without having to install a wallet client.


texts: What's the advantage of using bitcoin to buy coffee?

texts: Why would an average consumer prefer bitcoin over fiat options like credit card and ApplePay to buy coffee? Even assuming bitcoin transaction fee is minimal and instantaneous (say, after implementing Lightning Network), is the 2-3% transaction fee reduction worth paying with bitcoin, given its drawbacks such as volatility and lack of chargebacks?


texts: get offline Bitcoin transaction id, chain multiple offline transactions

texts:
let's say i create a valid transaction (offline without sending it, such as like this: http://brainwallet.org/#tx. let's call this "A"

a)before having sent A, can i get the transaction ID of A?

b)I wish to create a new offline Transaction (called B), using the outputs from A as inputs for B.Still, A has not been sent to the bitcoin network. Is this possible?  For example, A sends money from account x to account y.  B sends the same bitcoins sent from x to y, from y to z.

c) if part b) is possible, and I send A, then immediately send B to the bitcoin network. what would happen?


texts: python-bitcoinrpc: modulenotfounderror no module named 'bitcoinrpc'

texts:
I'm running bitcoind/ bitcoind -regtest on Windows 10 and am already able to use bitcoin-cli -regtest along with json-rpc methods to perform basic operations and get balances etc. When I try to do this programmatically on python 3 using Jeff Garzik's python-bitcoinrpc package (https://github.com/jgarzik/python-bitcoinrpc) I get a modulenotfounderror. However, my pip3 freeze shows python-bitcoinlib==0.10.1 and also python-bitcoinrpc==1.0.

My code is below (18443 is the regtest port):

  from bitcoinrpc.authproxy import AuthServiceProxy, JSONRPCException

  rpc_connection = AuthServiceProxy("http://%s:%s@127.0.0.1:18443"%("myrpcuser","myrpcpassword"))

  best_block_hash = rpc_connection.getbestblockhash()
  print(rpc_connection.getblock(best_block_hash))

What am I doing wrong?

Separately, is there a way to make the json-rpc calls into bitcoind directly from python3 instead of using this library, since it seems really old and out of use? Very grateful for your kind help!


texts: Is it possible that malicious bitcoin wallet providers provide pre-generated private-keys for users?

texts:
We trust wallets like Ledger, Trezor, and etc. We believe the math that the randomly generated private keys are safe. But could it be possible that the private keys you thought are “generated” are actually provided and already stored in the database?
Imagine I am the cold wallet company, and I pre-generated like one trillion private keys secretly and saved them in my own database. For each wallet chip, I carefully choose 100 private keys and write them into the chip, and mark the keys in my database as used. When a user received the wallet and tries to generate a private key, the program in the chip just picks one of the 100 keys I wrote in. No one knows whether the keys are really generated or given by the wallet provider.
When I’ve already sold enough wallets, I can iterate all the used private keys and steal all my customs bitcoins.
That sounds practical and horrible. I am using a wallet but I cannot convince myself that my private key really belongs to me. Is that scenario possible? Is there any way to guarantee that the private key is not saved by others when the wallet is not open source?
Thank you.


texts: Where are the specifications for making "known protocol" OP_RETURN scripts?

texts:
I have created a transaction with high miner's fee that is now in mempool that won't confirm:

https://live.blockcypher.com/btc-testnet/tx/abcc4ce473f490896e87102fe3ffb857ff735a0fc97525dadf9c5b0ed5410f9f/

From a previous question, I've been informed that the likely reason for this is that there is data embedded with a non-standard (or "unknown" protocol). I have input "hello_world" as an OP_RETURN script. How do I make it a known protocol so that the transaction can be confirmed? Is there a list of known protocols somewhere?


texts: What's the best mining option if you weren't worried about power costs?

texts:
If you had a free power source and took it out of the equation, what would be potentially the best option for bitcoin mining?

You have limited space, so for about one or two computers tops. What hardware would you choose ultimately based on the basis it's available today?

e.g. Can top end graphics cards still be as good as a FPGA setup?

Can FPGA's out do ASIC in the aspect that the hardware is cheaper/ more accessible? or is it still not worth while in comparison?


texts: What would the router configuration (port forwarding) be if I have two nodes 192.168.2.21 and 192.168.2.22 running bitcoin and wants to enable port forwarding for them both on 8333?


texts: Why are other sell limit orders being filled before mine on exchanges like gdax?

texts:
If I place a sell limit order for ETH/BTC for 4 ETH at 0.07086, when there’s currently only 0.5 ETH on it. It becomes 4.5 ETH total. Then I see it start flashing up and down, up to 10, or 20, then back down to 4.5. Multiple times. That means orders are being placed after mine that’s being sold at 0.07086 right? Why is mine not selling?

Another side question is, why are sell limit orders being filled at prices higher than market price? Why would people pay 0.0710 or more when there are sell orders much cheaper.


texts: How do I calculate mining profit from shares in Litecoin?

texts:
I'm getting around 4 shares a minute (mining at 100Mh/s but I don't mind that much because the number of shares is what actually matters, right?) and since LTC/USD is 2 and it pays 50 LTC for every block reward, it should pay 100USD for every 713 shares (diff as I type) so I should be getting like $100 every 3 hours (which is pretty good indication my math is wrong) and that's because diff is just so low!

When I do this math for BTC it works just right. Aren't the mechanisms supposed to be very similar?


texts: What is a stub from the lightning grpc documentation?

texts:
For example, very often in the lightning documentation for their grpc api, you will see the following boilerplate python code:

>>> import codecs, grpc, os
>>> import rpc_pb2 as ln, rpc_pb2_grpc as lnrpc
>>> macaroon = codecs.encode(open('LND_DIR/data/chain/bitcoin/simnet/admin.macaroon', 'rb').read(), 'hex')
>>> os.environ['GRPC_SSL_CIPHER_SUITES'] = 'HIGH+ECDSA'
>>> cert = open('LND_DIR/tls.cert', 'rb').read()
>>> ssl_creds = grpc.ssl_channel_credentials(cert)
>>> channel = grpc.secure_channel('localhost:10009', ssl_creds)
>>> stub = lnrpc.LightningStub(channel)

I am curious, what is an LightningStub? Looking a bit deeper into rpc_pb2_grpc, which seems to be a generated file you'll find the following ( lacking ) bit of documentation:

class LightningStub(object):
  # missing associated documentation comment in .proto file
  pass


texts: Is it normal to not "own" your bitcoins? Are 6% transaction fees normal?

texts:
I downloaded an app on my phone that lets me exchange bitcoins for the local currency. Next, I downloaded the Electrum wallet on my computer and set up a bitcoin account on it too. Now, I bought some bitcoins (for fiat money) from the app. I transferred all the money from the bitcoin account on the app to the bitcoin account in Electrum.

Bitcoin account on app: 3BSRdfCnQ17NWkvxomUXzpfJg38Vif5GLo
Bitcoin account on Electrum: 1A8B5T3cjh4TFHBfagS5fexPz18LgWyUyJ

Now, when I view this transaction in the block explorer, it shows me that the bitcoins (0.040151 BTC) have been transferred from some other bitcoin account (and not from the 3BSRdfC account) to my Electrum account. Does this mean that the bitcoin I bought was actually in the app company's account and not in the account they created for me? Is this normal? Ethical?

Next, to send bitcoins to another bitcoin address, the app providers charge "Bitcoin network fees" which can be as high as 6%. Are these rates reasonable? I thought that, with bitcoin, we were supposed to have "lower transaction fees". 6% is exorbitantly high, I think.


texts: Can someone explain to me how does PPLNS mining pool profit split in lay terms?

texts: I tried reading up on how PPLNS works for mining pools, but I'm still very lost. Can someone explain how does pay per last N shares work? Explain it as if I was a kid.


texts: I've sent bitcoins from one wallet to another, the transaction has over 30 confirmations but its not even appearing in my wallet as pending. Ive checked the address and it matches. What could be the issue? It was from coinbase to electrum.


texts: Calculate the hash of mined block using stratum parameters (coinb1, coinb2, xtranonce1...)?

texts:
Miners get several parameters from the stratum pool: coinb1, coinb2, xtranonce1, xtranonce2... according to here.

I wonder if it is possible to reproduce the hash of one already mined block, but using that info and going all the way trough, and not just the merkle root from the block.

The only way I could think of is if, somehow, those parameters could be retrieved from the block. Since there are hashes involved to calculate the merkle root, I would say no... but I'm not sure, or maybe there is another way.

Thx!


texts: It's October 2018. ./bitcoin-qt -reindex-chainstate takes forever. Is there a way to speed this up?

texts:
Current version: Bitcoin Core 0.16.3

I think I have a corrupted blockchain download as my VM box was shut down in the middle of syncing. Which is why I'm doing a -reindex-chainstate

I have the entire Bitcoin blockchain synced at (250+gb), but its been stuck on "connecting to peers" for the past 12 hours. So this is why I'm assuming I need to do a -reindex

Is there a faster way of syncing -reindex as of October 2018? I read a few other solutions but its for older versions of Bitcoin core.


texts: What additional considerations are there for dual-funded payment channels?

texts:
Naively, it seems like a dual-funded channel should not be much more complicated than a single funded channel; You'd just have an extra input from Bob and it would be reflected in the balances of the first commitment tx.

I'm guessing dual-funded channels are more complicated though, since it's not currently specified in the BOLTS.

Is it because for a dual-funded channel there is the additional risk of one peer not sending over their signature for their input to the funding tx? Presumably this would force Alice to either wait, or consume their input in another tx in order to invalidate Bob's dual-funded funding tx. Is that an issue? And if so is there a solution for it?

Are there any other complicating factors for dual-funded compared to single-funded payment channels?


texts: Keeping my bitcoins safe: any flaws in my strategy?

texts:
I'm looking for a very safe way to keep my bitcoins. I'm using a Trezor and used passphrase to hide additional wallets in case someone gets access to my Trezor or seed by physical coercion. I'm not interested in recommendations about keeping my seed safe. Hope this strategy can help someone in this forum and would like to get any feedback about some flaws.

My strategy needs to prevent a scenario where there is no Trezor hardware wallet (eg. Trezor is out of business). I checked for wallets that can recover my wallet using my seed and verify myself that it works. The wallets that worked at this moment (October 24th 2017) are Electrum (I used the OS X program), Mycelium (the Android app) and Wallet32 (the Android app).

I restored with Electrum by using the New/Restore -> Creating a wallet -> Standard Wallet -> I already have a seed and then provide the seed with the Extend this seed with custom words and BIP39 seed options checked. And finally provide the passphrase.

Mycelium and Wallet32 are super friendly with restoring your wallet.

Note I currently have only managed to recover my bitcoin wallet from the Legacy Account and not from the Segwit-ready Account. Looks like these wallets still haven't support this Segwit-ready accounts.


texts:
Apologies if this question has been asked before, but when a bitcoin client wishes to send funds to an address, does the bitcoin protocol force the client to verify that the address has a corresponding private key?

For example, I am given an address and I want to send a btc to this address, before I am allowed to authorize this transaction does the bitcoin protocol force me to verify that the address can decrypt a message encrypted from its public key?


texts: How do I import to MultiBit from Blockchain.info?

texts:
I have a single password and a yubikey on my account at blockchain.info.

When I try to import the wallet.aes.json file nothing happens.

When I select the import file, MultiBit never displays the 'Number of Keys' or 'Replay date', so I put in my password and click "Unlock" then click "Import Private Keys".

The Bitcoin addresses in my account never show up on either in the send or request tabs.

I have also tried importing the unencrypted base58 json file from blockchain.info and it too has the same behavior (save entering my password).

Could you please point out how to export my wallet from blockchain.info to MultiBit?


texts: Can malicious peer hack freshly installed bitcoin-core node

texts:
I'm considering two scenarios of hacking freshly installed bitcoin core node.

Does freshly installed bitcoin-core node have genesis block included in the installation?
This fresh node contacts some peer for downloading blockchain. Can malicious peer give node wrong chain? Is this attack possible and how is it mitigated in bitcoin?


texts: Binance API Error Code: "code": -1022, "msg": "Signature for this request is not valid."

texts:
I have a problem with the Binance API. I use HTTP request from Integromat, but I always get the following error message:
"code": -1022,
"msg": "Signature for this request is not valid."
URL I use: https://api.binance.com/api/v3/account
I created the signature with HMAC SHA256 and verified it via this website: https://www.freeformatter.com/hmac-generator.html#ad-output
I used this example (https://dev.binance.vision/t/faq-signature-for-this-request-is-not-valid/176) and compared the output code, it matches exactly, so mine should be correct too.
I requested the timestamp from Binance via HTTP request and added +1000 milli seconds.
I don't understand why I still get this error message although the SHA256 hash is correct.
Does anyone have any idea? Attached are a image from integromat.


texts: Permission denied when attempting to backup wallet using backupwallet

texts:
When I call bitcoin@raspberrypi:~ $ bitcoin-cli backupwallet "backup.dat", I get the following error:
error code: -4
error message:
Error: Wallet backup failed!
~/.bitcoin/debug.log shows the following:

error copying wallet.dat to backup.dat - boost::filesystem::copy_file: Permission denied: "/home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/new_wallet/wallet.dat", "backup.dat"

Is it something I'm doing wrong?  Do I need to give permissions to user "bitcoin"?
The wallet is not encrypted.
Thanks


texts: "Sweep failed" message when sweeping a paper wallet into a Bitcoin.com wallet

texts:
I have a bunch of coin in BTC cold storage (paper wallets).  And for the life of me, I cannot figure out how to sweep them out of there.
The best attempt I've had so far was to download the Bitcoin.com app to my phone.  There in the settings it allows you to sweep a wallet.
In both cases, I put in the private key, and it shows me how much is in the wallet.  So it was able to unlock it.  But when I "slide to sweep", I get a simple toast message "Sweep Failed".  And nothing else.  No help.  No other information.  No indication as to what the problem is.  And doing a Google search on this has yielded exactly zero help.
So if anyone has any ideas, like something better, I'm all ears (eyes).


texts: Is there a way to sign a transaction with BTC or any Altcoin without a computer using only pen and paper?

texts:
Was wondering if this is possible to do. Lets say Satoshi Nakamoto ended up  prison in a foreign country and he was only able to communicate with the outside world by writing letters using only a pen and paper and being able to send it anywhere in the world. How can he sign a Bitcoin/Altcoin transaction using only pen and paper when he has memorized the following:

A brain wallet address.
Private Key

Now he would have to create a transaction and then sign it. And for him to broadcast the transaction, he would send it to someone while keeping his coins safe aswell. How can this be done using only pencil and paper?


texts: Is it possible to design a hardware wallet that can allow operation of a routing Lightning node with the security level of a hardware wallet?

texts:
I'm wondering if its possible to design a hardware wallet such that it can be used for a Lightning node that routes payments for their channel partners such that their funds can never be stolen even if their main machine has been kernel hacked.

I'm thinking that this is how it might work:

The hardware wallet would receive a signed transaction originating from its source channel-partner AND an unsigned transaction (to sign) sending to its destination channel-partner.
The hardware wallet verifies that the sum of the amounts of both transactions sum to greater than 0 (ie verifying that the node isn't losing funds by signing this transaction), verifies that the inputs are valid (using SPV), verifies that both transactions requires the same hash-secret to unlock, and verifies that its only sending to a multi-sig address that requires its private key to unlock
The hardware wallet then signs the unsigned requested transaction and gives it back to the Lightning Client to send

It seems like if a hardware wallet did this kind of verification, it would be safe to have a routing Lightning node that interacted with an always-connected hardware wallet with the level of security that a normal hardware wallet has. Is something along these lines possible?


texts: Cannot remote to regtest node with curl cmd - Empty reply from server

texts:
Hi I'm new to rpc curl cmds and having some issues connecting to my regtest node.  I'm getting "empty reply from server" which makes me think it is connecting but something is misconfigured.
Looking through various threads here I found similar things but nothing that quite fit the bill, but apologies if this is something that has already been covered.
bitcoin.conf settings
# Options only for regtest
[regtest]
# datadir
datadir=/mnt/mydisk/regtest
# Listen for incoming connections on non-default port.(default: 8333 or testnet: 18333)
port=18444
# RPC allow all IPS (shouldn't have this on mainnet)
rpcallowip=0.0.0.0/0
# RPC bind IP
#rpcbind=192.168.86.30
# RPC port(default:8332 or testnet:18332)
rpcport=18443

my curl cmd returns
curl: (52) Empty reply from server

curl cmd
 curl --user xxxuser:xxxcookie --data-binary '{"jsonrpc": "1.0", "id":"curltest", "method": "getblockcount", "params": [] }' -H 'content-type: text/plain;'  http://192.168.86.30:18444/

I'm also seeing this in the debug.log but not sure what it means or how to fix
UPnP: ExternalIPAddress = XX.XXX.XX.XXX
AddLocal(XX.XXX.XX.XXX:18444,3)
AddPortMapping(18444, 18444, 192.168.86.30) failed with code 718 (ConflictInMappingEntry)
UPNP_DeletePortMapping() returned: 606

Also worth noting I have another regtest node and the 2 nodes are connected without issue.
Any help appreciated.


texts:
The Segwit Benefits document has this to say about P2SH security for base transactions:

  Multisig payments currently use P2SH which is secured by the 160-bit HASH160 algorithm (RIPEMD of SHA256). However, if one of the signers wishes to steal all the funds, they can find a collision between a valid address as part of a multisig script and a script that simply pays them all the funds with only 80-bits (280) worth of work, which is already within the realm of possibility for an extremely well-resourced attacker. (For comparison, at a sustained 1 exahash/second, the Bitcoin mining network does 80-bits worth of work every two weeks)

It then goes on to state:

  Segwit resolves this by using HASH160 only for payments direct to a single public key (where this sort of attack is useless) ... [my emphasis]

Why does this document seem to imply that the birthday attack only works for multisig P2SH and then only for one of the signers?

It seems this attack works for anybody who sees the P2SH output on the block chain and decides to start hashing. If an attacker can generate an alternative redemption script that happens to hash to the value given in a P2SH output, s/he can make the redemption script do anything.

Am I misreading the document or misunderstanding the nature of the birthday attack?


texts: Bitcoin-Qt does not unpack the bootstrap.dat

texts:
I downloaded a copy of the bootstrap.dat for a node I'm trying to set up on a Raspberry Pi (Raspbian OS, based on Debian). I placed it in ./bitcoin, which is the right place according to what I read.
Still, when I open `Bitcoin-Qt it acts likes there's nothing there and starts synchronizing the chain from scratch.
Am I missing something?


texts: How can I accept Bitcoin donations on my blog or site?

texts:
If I sell things, there are many services that allow me to accept bitcoins as payment.  But for those who simply want to accept bitcoins on their blog or other site ... as donations.

A simple bitcoin address can be listed but what other options are available, such as an icon that can be clicked on, like what Flattr offers, perhaps?


texts: Create a non-SegWit address in electrum wallet

texts: I am trying to get along the electrum wallet command line in ubuntu. However, my exchange only accepts withdraws to canonical non-SegWit addresses (i.e. it only generates with a "bc1" prefix). Is there a way to specifically specify such an option when typing electrum createnewaddress?


texts: How does BTC, LTC, TRC ,etc Wallet implementations differ?

texts:
If there are tools such as BitcoinSharp, to allow me to code up functionality such as a bitcoin wallet, how do i do the same for other coins?

As alot of the newer curruencies are based of litecoin, is it just network settings that change between each wallet type?

So my question is, What makes a BTC wallet different to a LTC wallet?


texts: Can you help me see if I have an old Bitcoin account?

texts: I set up an crypto account & had different coins in it, but the computer died, updated to a current machine. Have also changed from AOL to Gmail, that was around 98 or 99, if that gives you any idea how long ago this was. Any info or direction would be appreciated. I do not know where or who to speak to see if I had a Bitcoin Acct. or a ledger, wallet or if it was thru Bitcoin? I don't even remember my AOL address, & they are no help? I was going to get back into it & thought maybe I could use the old account? Thank You


texts:
As I understand it, using dumpwallet for a non-descriptor wallet in Core will give you the wallet seed in WIF format. This seed can then be used with sethdseed in a new wallet, thereby recovering the original wallet. So in effect, one can make a paper backup of a Core wallet.
But with descriptor wallets, dumpwallet does not work.
Is there a way to make a paper backup of a Bitcoin Core descriptor wallet?


texts:
I've heard that if you don't want do download gigabytes of data just to use bitcoin you gotta use a thin client. But what is a thin client?
What are the main advantages of a thin bitcoin client and what defines it as such?


texts: Recovery from theft - Tracing money to exchanges

texts:
I created a paper wallet on bitcoinpaperwallet.com and lost all my coins. Only later did I google to realize this is all a scam. The coins were moved on the 22nd Aug. can anything be done? Pls help, I lost my life savings.
Is it possible to determine which exchange were the coins sent to, looking at the transaction ID or wallet ID? Maybe I could write to exchange to block it?


texts: Why are SIGHASH flags signed as 4 bytes when only 1 byte is included in the transaction?

texts: This article brought to my attention that SIGHASH flags are 4 bytes long when signed, but only the last byte is actually included in the transaction. Then OP_CHECKSIG adds 3 bytes 0x000000 back on before verifying the signature. The article describes a clever way to introduce a fork using those three truncated bytes -- so why are the SIGHASH flags 4 bytes long in the first place? Is that a design flaw or feature?


texts: How to generate a Litecoin Private key and correspondent Public Address in C#

texts:
I found this C# tool to generate addresses for Bitcoin (compressed and uncompressed):

https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Bitcoin_Address_Utility

https://github.com/casascius/Bitcoin-Address-Utility

It works perfectly for Bitcoin, but for Litecoin it seems not to work.

Any ideas how to use similar code to generate Litecoin Addresses?

Thanks


texts: How does CDataStream data find its way into a socket?

texts:
I am curious to know how and where in the source code, the data from stream is actually sent by a node. As per my understanding the following occurs:

ProcessMessage() issues a PushMessage() with appropriate parameters
PushMessage() will basically send message headers and parameters into a stream ssData
ssData is object of CDataStream and defined in CNode
CDataStream is in src/stream.h has no information related to IP or Port

How does the data being pushed to a stream goes into the correct socket in bitcoin working. Only CNode class has information on the network address (IP) and TCP Port. How is this information picked up by the datastream?

Adding more findings:

I found this from https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=41727.0

The socket thread reads the sockets and places data into a CDataStream
associated with each node called vRecv. The Satoshi client uses C++
serialization operators >> and << to read and write to a CDataStream
and then it uses generic routines to move the data between the streams
and sockets

My exact question is where(what) are these mentioned generic routines in source code?


texts: Using bitcoin-qt. Address with my funds does not show up. Can I import it?

texts:
I have bitcoin-qt and was just recently aware that it changes addresses all the time. I am afraid that my last wallet.dat backup was before my last transaction, at which the receiving address was changed.

After that, I had to reinstall my computer. Bitcoin-qt is still 2yrs behind and syncing.

will the other address show up eventually?
I have all my seeds, keys and so on. Is there a way to claim my BTC that are on the address?


texts:
When i sendrawtransaction to bitcoind, i get error (exceptions) 18: txn-mempool-conflict (use Bitcoin JSON-RPC denpamusic/php-bitcoinrpc)
But the transaction is sent to the network and is subsequently confirmed.

Example one decoded transaction : https://jsfiddle.net/rn58a4j6/

then i send this transaction:
94ec12fc463230b4285a29b047608627c05572a4c6eabe6688a201ce49ae72f7


texts: I've tried everything from mining bitcoin to litecoin to other altcoins....why do I have no luck?

texts:
I am a beginner in the blossoming culture of crypto-currency, and unfortunately, it's beginning to feel as if 2015 is too late of a year for a laptop-user such as I to be able to start mining.

I'm running an Intel HD Graphics 4000 GPU, and an Intel Core i5-3230M CPU at 2.6 GHz. No, I do not have an ASIC, but I figured I'd at least be able to scratch out a few cents per month with what I have, not taking into account electricity or what not.

Immediately upon beginning to mine Bitcoin (BTC) using Slush's pool, which when I tried to mine was actually the newly updated stratum server 'bitcoin.cz'. I only got a hash rate of about 2-12 Mh/s, and the pool did not even recognize that the worker I had registered was mining. I have heard of people with relatively similar specs getting a rate of even 100 Mh/s, but I figured that this was just an issue of Bitcoin's colossal difficulty at this point of its lifetime.

So, I then looked into Litecoin (LTC). This time, my GPU was not even recognized by any mining software that I would try. I looked into updating the drivers and SDK's, and still I had no luck.

Finally, I decided that perhaps I could get away with mining some unique Altcoins, and due to the over 300,000% increase in profitability over Bitcoin at the time of writing, I chose to try to mine Diamond (DMD) and then try to exchange my profits for a fraction of a bitcoin. At this point I was not even mining for profit, but for the satisfaction that something was working. I configured my miner, and of course, my hash rate displayed at about 2 Kh/s on my GPU. Again, the mining pool (Danbi's pool) I had chosen to use did not even register that I was mining, and even after hours I made absolutely no profit.

So, after giving you all of this information, I ask of you this: Is it too late to mine any crypto-currency without spending huge amounts of money in mid-2015? At this point I do not even need to make profit, I'd just like to see that I have a fraction of a coin in a wallet somewhere (I did set up wallets for each and every coin I tried, mind you). Does anyone have suggestions as to what I'm doing wrong? I understand that what I'm doing is not profitable, but is it to the point that whenever I mine I really can only make 0.0000000 BTC/month (I'm not joking, that's the stat I keep getting)?

I would pay you for your help in Bitcoin, Litecoin, or some other currency...but due to the suddenly centralized nature of mining, I can't.

Sincerely,

A very discouraged Bitcoin enthusiast.


texts: what does it mean to have >51% hashing power for mining a block?

texts:
Can someone please shine some light on this and how it links to the analogy between honest node and attacker ?

also can attacker start mining 2 blocks ahead ? or 3 or 4 blocks ahead ? In the white paper it has only 1 block ?


texts: Can Bitcoin be run in a shared hosting environment?

texts: Can bitcoind be installed and run on shared hosting? Has anyone successfully done this? If not why not.


texts:
I have read the following:

https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0016.mediawiki

https://darkwallet.is/bip16-17

However, I would like to know, can one specify a pay-to-script hash that includes another pay-to-script hash?

E.G.

Script for payer:
DUP HASH160  EQUALVERIFY CHECKSIG

scriptA:
DUP HASH160  EQUALVERIFY CHECKSIG

Can one include a CHECKSIG operation for another script inside a script referred to by a pay-to-script hash?

I'm probably not communicating this clearly, but I would basically like to know whether I can "daisy-chain" pay-to-script hashes together.
Let me know if I should add more examples, or what changes I should make to this.


texts:
I'm new to Bitcoin mining, but I'd like to think I got things set up. I'm using guiminer, on slush's pool. For some reason, my accepted shares won't go above 200.

I have no stale shares but my accepted looks like 1597 (200).

Why is that?


texts: We are a start up company going to open an online shopping website. Our CEO wants to incorporate Bitcoin as our payment method. How can we set up a Bitcoin network?


texts: Isn't Bitcoin's hash target supposed to be a power of 2?

texts:
From Bitcoin's whitepaper I've gathered that the hash of a block must start with a certain number of zeroes. And that this number of zeroes is adjusted every 2 weeks. Consequently the hash target is a power of two.
Requiring an extra zero for the hash function will divide the hash target by 2.
With that being said, in another question on the exchange (How is difficulty calculated?) it appears that the difficulty can be multiplied by fractions (e.g. 40%).
Does that mean that the hash targets aren't necessarily powers of 2? Or is the target rounded to the nearest power of 2?


texts: Safely Accept Bitcoin Payments with 0 Confirmations

texts:
GAP600 is a service (that has processed $5 billion in cryptocurrency) which allows exchanges and payment service providers to process Bitcoin payments instantly (0 confirmation trx). It guarantees a transaction against double-spend, expiration or other fraud even before it is confirmed by the Bitcoin network:

GAP600 facilitates instant, risk-mitigated cryptocurrency commerce by
enabling exchanges to recognize unconfirmed Bitcoin.. transactions as
final using a proprietary risk engine, which analyzes and performs
live risk scoring for each transaction as it reaches the mempool.

How is it possible to guarantee a transaction against double-spend, expiration or other fraud before it is confirmed by the Bitcoin network? What kind of "risk analysis" might be performed to achieve this result?
Note: My question is different from Looking for a tool that gives a score based on the likely hood of a 0-confirm deposit being douple spent because:
1) The question above explicitly asks for a open source tool to achieve the intended purpose. I am asking about what logical vectors might be used to achieve the stated goal (One example might be accepting transactions from addresses associated with well known exchanges such as Coinbase who are unlikely to perform a double spend)
2) The response in that question basically states that it is not possible to achieve this. It does not answer the question. As stated in the comments, it is demonstrably wrong as GAP600 is doing this along with several others.
3) To be clear, the possibility of accepting Bitcoin with 0 confirmations doesn't imply that every transaction will be accepted. If the risk is great enough the transaction will have to wait until 6 confirmations but it GAP600 is able to accept up to 85% of transaction with 0 confirmations
4) It is also possible that a transaction which is deemed un-risky will turn out to be a double spend however it is obvious that the likelihood of this happening is so minute that the value obtained from the other transaction will outweigh any loss from this error (this is my own assumption)


texts:
I am trying to understand how can I check if my Block Hash satisfies or not the nBits.
For example, for block 506679 (https://blockchain.info/block-index/506679):

nBits: 404454260
Block Hash: 000000000000000015A8D88216918C8DE090268A5E7F53FEEF72CD111F7F27FF

How can I double check that this Block Hash satisfies the nBits?
PS: I have already read the What does the nBits value represent? but I could not find the answer.


texts: Is there a way to disable a blockchain validation?

texts: I installed Bitcoin Full Node on Raspberry pi 3b+. Blockchain sync is dead slow because of less CPU. I Guess blockchain validation is time/CPU consuming thing. Is there a way to disable the validation and just download the chain? I understand the consequences. If my peers send wrong data, I will end up using wrong data. But I don't have an alternative. RPC calls are dead slow right now. I just need data to write some code.


texts: how is blockchain data stored and accessed?

texts:
Can blockchain data be stored in a relational database? If so what would the schema be? I know blockchain itself is a data structure, but how is the data stored? In JSON files? In a RDBMS? in CSV file? What do you see in the wild? I'm looking to see if I can implement something for a case study in a RDBMS which we are required to make use of.
Is there any example of a schema for a given blockchain with tables I can find? (I started creating my own and I think it's reasonable).


texts: What prevented NXT from being distributed the same way bitcoins are?

texts:
As Nxt's generating accounts receive now the transaction fees of the transactions included in the block they forged, it would be possible to add some new NXT to the balance of the generating account, incentivizing forging even more and distributing the currency in a better way.

Is there a technical reason why all NXT were distributed in the beginning instead of distributed over time?


texts: What is the fastes ways to get priv to pub at bitcoin in python ( compressed )?

texts:
What is they fastest lib, way to get compressed pub keys from priv keys ?
i was try "bit" lib and "bitcoin python libs" but they slow and bitcoin( dont give compressed keys )


texts:
So I have created a ripple account and now I need to get funded with 100 XRP to get started and be able to grant trust, otherwise the account is pretty much useless.

In bitcointalk, there is a giveaway of XRP to "qualified" members. If you are not one of them, what are other options except just asking for donations? Will this be something all new users have to face in the future too?

I could not find a way to buy XRP without establishing trust first.


texts:
Does readily available hardware exist which is capable of at least 25MH/s for litecoin mining?

So basically, I am after hardware which can mine scrypt type coins which can do at least 25MH/s.


texts: Why can't bitcoin miners modify transaction outputs?

texts:
I am learning the Bitcoin protocol by reading the bitcoin developer reference documentation.

As far as I know, a raw transaction consists of:

Version (which is always 1)
Inputs. Each input contains:

Hash of the transaction that contains the output that we are going to spend here
Index of the output in that transaction
Script that satisfies the conditions placed in the script of the referenced ouput.

Outputs. Each output contains:

8 bytes for the value in satoshis
Script with the conditions that must be satisfied in order for this output to be spent.

Locktime (which is usually 0)

I am not very sure what the script of the inputs contain, but I guess it should contain the public key, and a signed message.

My question is, why can't the miner modify the scripts in the outputs (replacing the address by their own), if those scripts are not part of the message that the real user had to sign?

Or maybe this question would be better asked like this: What is signed in the input scripts?


texts: Holding Period Algorithms and the Blockchain

texts:
According to this interview, taxation holding periods in the United States for cryptocurrency can be determined by FIFO (First In First Out), LIFO (Last In First Out), or a more flexible option called Versus Purchase or Specified Asset, which allows the owner to declare which specific coins they wish to be considered to have spent.

My question is, do these holding period algorithms have to correspond to the actual UTXOs being spent on the blockchain?  Does using FIFO entail that you have to program your wallet to spend older UTXOs before newer ones, and vice-versa for LIFO?  Does Specified Asset require the owner to actually keep track of which UTXOs their wallet is spending?  These details are otherwise at a level of technical understanding far deeper than what a regular user would need to operate a wallet, and the UTXO choices wallets make are typically chaotic.  Are these details essential to holding period algorithms, or can spent coins specified for tax purposes diverge from spent UTXOs in the blockchain history?


texts: Avoiding price fluctuations when transfering money

texts:
I would like to buy bitcoins in one currency and withdraw them in another at the exact price I bought them at - same day (I want to avoid all risk of fluctuating prices). Is there somewhere that offers this service?

Thanks


texts: How to connect to an ElectrumX server using JavaScript WebSockets?

texts:
I'm trying to connect to an ElectrumX server from an HTML webpage. But I can't get a working connection.
I've tried with many servers from Electrum's servers.json list but none worked.
Here's the JavaScript code that I tried:
const socket = new WebSocket("ws://electrum.blockstream.info:50002");

// Connection opened
socket.addEventListener("open", () => {
  console.log("Connection opened");
});

socket.addEventListener("close", () => {
  console.log("Connection closed");
});

socket.addEventListener("error", e => {
  console.log("error", e);
});

socket.addEventListener("message", function(event) {
  console.log("Message from server ", event.data);
});

I tried both encrypted (wss) and non-encrypted (ws) connection. I tried several servers and different ports. I couldn't get it to connect.
Could someone share a working example of JavaScript code connecting to ElectrumX using WebSockets?


texts:
I recently cloned from https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.  I followed the documentation in  doc/build-osx.md.  I can build and run bitcoind without a problem.  But I would have expected to see bitcoin-qt built, but I do not see it anywhere.  Am I doing something wrong?  What is the build target for bitcoin-qt or, more generally, how do I build it?

Thank you so much.


texts: Is it safe to skip the initial block verification at startup?

texts:
The longest step in bitcoin core initialization is "Verifying last 6 blocks at level 3". The number of blocks checked at startup went down from 288 in 2014 to 6 now. Therefore, in order to speedup bitcoin core initialization I am thinking about lowering this number further to 2-3 with the checkblocks option.

However, I wonder how risky this is? In case bitcoin core shuts down incorrectly, isn't it unlikely that all the last 6 blocks become corrupted? Isn't 2-3 blocks enough?


texts: Is there a way to estimate total number of bitcoin users/wallets?

texts:
I was looking at Bitcoin Wiki.   It estimated 60,000 users (Sep 2011) based on
counting the number of bitcoin clients connected to the network in the last 24 hours.

Another possible estimate could come from Sourceforge download numbers.  But that include multiple download by the same person and across different version, and also exclude users that may have downloaded the client from other mirrors.

Have there been any new estimates on the total number of bitcoin users, or if this is too hard to count -- the number of unique wallets?


texts: What example Bitcoin block has a Namecoin hash in it?

texts:
I'm looking for an example Bitcoin Block that would have a Namecoin merged-mined Tx in it.

Can anyone direct me to a block that has such a hash?


texts: How difficulty increases to get the lucky hash in blockchain?

texts: Currently first 19 zeros are required in bitcoin block hash which has become very hard. How this zeros are being controlled to increase? If it is dynamic what are the factors which has influence to make hash matching difficult?


texts: Would a dual-funded channel be a single UTXO?

texts: Would a dual-funded channel be a single tx? The peers would cooperatively create a single tx with at least 1 input each. Is this correctly understood?


texts: How does Lightning Network over TOR work?

texts:
I'm interested to understand in detail how the lightning network works over Tor. Implementations like lnd, c-lightning etc. offer an extension which allow running TOR with Lightning. I would like to understand how running Lightning with TOR works in practice. In particular I'm interested in the following cases:

1) I am the sender, but I enabled Tor in my node. How does sending to a node R outside Tor network looks like?

2) I am the recipient node, and I do not advertise an IP address, but an onion address. How do I receive payments?

3) The sender node S is a regular LN node, without any Tor connections. As a sender, I want to send a payment to node R and my LN node finds the best path to send my payment to R. Is it possible that this path will at any hop go thought Tor or go through onion node, because any of the nodes in the selected path happens to be onion or has access to Tor? And if yes, how the routing looks then?


texts: Corrupted old bitcoin wallet. !!!file unknown has LSN!

texts:
I have a corrupted UN-ENCRYPTED bitcoin wallet from 2013.
what I have tried so far with both wallet:
1, with old and new version of bitcoin client the wallet just creating a .bak file and not showing any amount/transaction.
2, i also try bitcoin-qt.exe -salvagewallet - that is creating a bak + epoch time. and the db.log saying
file unknown has LSN 91/5547280, past end of log at 1/1042
Commonly caused by moving a database from one database environment
to another without clearing the database LSNs, or by removing all of
the log files from a database environment
wallet.dat.1608587747.bak: DB_VERIFY_BAD: Database verification failed
3, pywallet installed correctly and working fine under ubuntu for me with different wallets that not corrupted, (dumping all data just fine)
but when i trying to dump the corrupted once python2 pywallet.py --dumpwallet --datadir=./ im getting the "ERROR:root:Couldn't open wallet.dat/main. Try quitting Bitcoin and running this again."
4, i have try the python2 dbdump.py --wallet --wallet-tx --datadir=./    (getting "ERROR:root:Couldn't open wallet.dat/main. Try quitting Bitcoin and running this again.")
Kind of run out of stuff now, how i go more deeper in this to get those private keys and addresses?
If any of you can successfully help me, reward will be issued for sure.


texts: Bitcoin recently released V 0.9.1 patching vulnerabilities from the Heartbleed bug, however I have not seen anything from any alt coin. What are the possible security risks associated with using these coins? And what are the risks to the coins themselves?


texts: Service to send Bitcoins or Altcoins over a specific amount of time? Doing it Decentralized?

texts: Is there a service that lets you send Bitcoins or more interestingly Altcoins to an address over a set amount of time. Say for example I wanted to give allowance to my daughter every week for the next year at $10 each time. This might have to be done centralized or how would this be implemented on a decentralized manner?


texts:
I've recently heard about "Reusable Payment Codes" (BIP 47), and it sounds like a great feature, except that I couldn't find a simple explanation of how they work.

Can anybody explain them please?


texts: Why does an exchange of bitcoin transaction not need to be over a secure connection?

texts:
I apologise for my rather ignorant question and maybe my question is completely wrong. But my impression about one of the advantages of bitcoin (digital currencies) is that when a customer pays a client, that payment gateway does not need to be over a secure protocol merely because of the way the bitcoin works.

If this is true, can I have a more technical explanation of why this is the case?


texts: Detect received transactions of thousands of Bitcoin addresses

texts:
I'm implementing a Bitcoin payment system that generates bitcoin address for each user to deposit.
I use BitcoinJ to generate user's addresses and rawblock API from Blockchain.com to get every single block to check if my addresses are in any transaction output, then my system increases the user's internal balance.

I save scanned block height in the database and send a request for a new block every 10 minutes.

Is that solution correct? (I need testnet so I cannot use their Wallet Service)

Thank you.


texts: I'm confused with the details in double spend detection. my question is if Alice first sends her 10 BTC to Bob, and then sends the same 10 BTC to an address that belongs to herself. How do Bitcoin clients detect the second transaction is invalid? In other word, how can client know these bitcoins have been spent in the first transaction? Does the clients trace back all the blocks to check if these bitcoin have been spent before?


texts: I understand that if Bob gets a transaction (BTC) from Alice and want to send it to Charlie he must provide a key which proof that he is the owner of the transaction. But in what stage Bob actually signed the transaction? Can it be that Alice was the one who signed the transaction for Bob without knowing his private key?


texts: How does MimbleWimble avoid transaction graph leaks?

texts:
Now, creating transactions in this manner supports OWAS already. To show this,
  suppose we have two transactions that have a surplus k1*G and k2*G, and the
  attached signatures with these. Then you can combine the lists of inputs and
  outputs of the two transactions, with both k1*G and k2*G to the mix, and
  voilá! is again a valid transaction. From the combination, it is impossible to
  say which outputs or inputs are from which original transaction.

Suppose that you observe these two transactions on the network, prior to them getting into a block. Can you separate them then? If you can get ahold of all of the transactions in a block before they get combined, can you produce a transaction graph like what we currently have, without amounts?


texts: Could a network described below function and how well?

texts:
I have an idea I am working on for some time, it would be using blockchain technology. However, although I know something about blockchain as it stands today, I am lacking a more deepened knowledge about cryptographic primitives. So, because I couldn't find a definitive answer anywhere, I thought I will try here. As I am completely new to this forum, please inform me if my questions should be posted in another category.

So here are the questions:

Let's presume that in a peer-to-peer network there is a big volume of information going from one node to the other, however most of this info is private. So, a node:
1) signs his message (to authenticate source)
2) then encrypts it using symmetric cryptography
3) then encrypts the symmetric key (which will be used to decrypt the message) using public key of the recipient
4) and then on top of that he signs using his key both the message encrypted and symmetric key

So, finally, we have 2 things:
1) Message -> Signed by his private key -> Encrypted using symmetric cryptography -> Finally signed again (so the nodes on the network will know from which node it is coming from)
2) Symmetric key that will be used to decrypt message -> encrypted using asymmetric cryptography by intended recipient's public key -> and finally signed by sender's key, so the nodes will know the source of message.

The benefits of this is that we can send information over the network, no node relaying this info will know the content of it, and still every node will be able to confirm the identity of the sender and intended recipient will be able to finally decrypt message and also confirm the source of this message (as it is signed) even in decrypted form.

1) Are there any technical reasons why something like this wouldn't work?
2) Could such a way of privately send messages be used on a big network (size of bitcoin for example), where every node "pools" messages and sends to his peers? The problems I see is size of messages (it grows bigger by signing and encrypting like that).
3) I am sure of that, but I want to ask anyway - could node compare two messages it received, even if they are different, and find every two or more messages that were signed by the same public key (from same source)?

Of course there is a problem that as nodes "pool" messages, they won't know if the message was delivered or not. But that is not part of this question.

If there some expert who have time to answer such basic questions on this forum, I am deeply thankful.


texts: Witness program hash mismatch while signing bech32 transaction

texts:
I'm trying to sign a transaction using signrawtransactionwithkey on bitcoin-core 0.17 but I'm getting the following error:

{"ERROR":"[{"txid":"c7e5bc9c9662384464182c713a6a6e20a2da72adb2b2a5799457be643d764139","vout":0,"witness":[],"scriptSig":"","sequence":4294967295,"error":"Witness program hash mismatch"}]

parameters sent correctly since it's working on the testnet network
it's just the mainnet

anyway the params sent as:

["transaction_in_hex",["private_key"],[inputs]

the inputs are

[{"txid":"c7e5bc9c9662384464182c713a6a6e20a2da72adb2b2a5799457be643d764139","vout":0,"scriptPubKey":"0014f3dd9523e2a801770513e00ed717fd610ea634af","amount":"0.00099784","address":"bc1q70we2glz4qqhwpgnuq8dw9lavy82vd903k7hpe","redeemScript":""}]]

I have been reading the bitcoin source code trying to understand what's the problem and it's obvious that the exception been thrown on here

  if (memcmp(hashScriptPubKey.begin(), program.data(), 32)) {
                return set_error(serror, SCRIPT_ERR_WITNESS_PROGRAM_MISMATCH);
            }

and here

if (witness.stack.size() != 2) {
                return set_error(serror, SCRIPT_ERR_WITNESS_PROGRAM_MISMATCH); // 2 items in witness
            }


texts: Why is it important for individuals to be able to run their own nodes?

texts: I understand that the more people that can run their own node supports decentralization, but if miners are sufficiently decentralized what is the threat of users not being able to run their own nodes?


texts:
I've read recently following on GDAX:

  You cannot trade with yourself on GDAX. If you create a buy or sell
  order for the same price as another matching order then they will
  cancel each other out.

I want to know is it a default protection practice, used all over the exchanges or only a GDAX innovation?
What about stock markets and other legal trading platforms. Do they also implement this?


texts: How to implement 2/2 multi-signature transactions with bitcoinj

texts: I am using bitcoinj to implement a 2/2 multi-signature transaction. Now I  want to use bitcoinj to generate a 2/2 multi-signature address and its corresponding Redeem Script through the public keys of the two parties, and  to perform sequential signatures between the two parties. I didn't find a similar example in the description document of bitcoinj. Can you give me a specific implementation?


texts: Can "Digital Signature of the Block by the Miner" be used in place of "Nonce"?

texts: As it is understood that arriving nonce is very resource intensive, whether "Digital Signature of the Block by the Miner" can be considered in place of "Nonce"? Its Shortcomings, if not suitable.


texts: It's possible to spend a BTC without fee to forge a payment?

texts:
I would like to know if it is possible to make a transaction without fee (probably this transaction will never be confirmed) and some time later to take this money back and spend in another transaction?
If yes, can I protect myself against this fake payment?

While the transaction is waiting a confirmation, it's possible for the receiver uses this amount?
If yes, if the confirmation never happens, the third person loses this money?


texts: Why doesn't my balance bought on Coinbase show up on Blockchain.info?

texts:
I've been trying out different Bitcoin services and I've run into a bit of a conundrum with Coinbase. I purchased a small amount of Bitcoin several days ago and this morning, the transaction was marked as complete and showed up in my balance. However, the listed address under Account Settings > Bitcoin Addresses has no history and no BTC associated with it when viewed on blockchain.info.

Is this expected behaviour? The initial purchase stated that the bitcoins would arrive by the end of the day today. Does this mean that the "completed" transaction is not in fact complete yet and I'm still waiting on Coinbase? I've emailed Coinbase about this matter as well and will update this post in any case. Just figured I might get a faster response from more experienced users here.

EDIT: Just found this post and I suspect that it serves as a sufficient answer to my question. If anyone else has any comments to add, please do :)


texts: Is there a website / api where I can access historic coinbase data?

texts:
Is there a website / api where I can access historic coinbase data for Bitcoin?

I know about blockchair.com but they charge for the coinbase data.

Anywhere that supplies this for free?


texts: What is the validation rule, not policy, for op_return? What is the maximum length of the data that can be attached? Is it 514 bytes? As if the maximum script size was 520 bytes -1 byte for the instruction itself and -3 bytes for push instruction? Also is it possible to have more instructions after op_return, not just one push?


texts:
I've understood (maybe mistakenly) that once free transactions arrived to be collected into new block the miner will prioritize them by fee, then by maturity, meaning will take the transaction with the oldest inputs. Why?
What kind of incentive does the miner have to do so?


texts: Why did Dan Kaminsky say that Bitcoin is dependent on the Federal Reserve?

texts: Dan Kaminsky embed a custom message in a block, which reads "BitCoin's new dependency upon [...] BERNANKE". Why did he say that Bitcoin is dependent on the Federal Reserve?


texts: antminer u3 what can they mine? noob alert

texts: I'm very new to the mining world and I was wondering if they mine other currencies such as Ethereum and Dubai coin?


texts:
I am trying to get the answer for the following example:

Assume I have some bitcoin and want to buy a product from a merchant. Why would the merchant sell that product to me for bitcoin when he bought it from the supplier for dollars?


texts: What happens when the last bitcoin is mined?

texts: If miners are who do the bookkeeping for bitcoin, what happens when mining is no longer profitable, or there are no more coins to mine? Who does the bookkeeping?


texts: I received an email from a company about a payment,but my wallet has not received it.my wallet does not show any transactions,even unconfirmed transactions.what should I do?Thank you.