texts:
What derivation path for creating addresses is used in Ledger for BTG? Generated address from the device doesn't correspond the address from the path m/44'/0'/0'/0/0 that is shown for BTG in BIP39 for the first key.

UPDATE 1: (to clear up) I had following (test) mnemonic generated from ledger:

hurry essay possible egg idea outer poverty doctor sense lab guess gate arrow supreme cave grape sunny deposit erode lemon couch wild fantasy equal

When I derived key using m/44'/0'/0'/0/0 path (that is shown in BIP39), I got GTUDDiUvkFJtL24f3Bq3pGyTwULuyzMSV1 address (same as on the site), but Ledger expected GX1FXv2PrRSARyctabywsi5X58teAjYFU4.


texts: A clarification about Wallet and Addresses (In Armory)

texts:
I've just a dumb (Probably) question about bitcoin wallet and addresses (in Armory):

If I've understood correctly (Correct me If I'm wrong), a wallet works as a "container" where you can store different addresses (With their respective private keys). So for example, through Armory, I can create a wallet and inside the wallet I can create as many addresses as I want, right?

So, If I've created ten different addresses to receive payments, I just have to give one of the addresses (Of the wallet) to a person that has to send a payment to me. Let's say that I've received a payment of 1 BTC for each address; so I would have 10 BTC inside the wallet. When I want to send these 10 BTC to an X address, I just have to click on "Send Bitcoins" (then insert the requested data) and then Armory will send the 10 BTC (1 for each addresses) to the other address?

(BTW: Do I ever need to insert the bitcoin private key of an address to send a transaction, or I only need to insert the password for the wallet to be able to send the transaction?)

Therefore 10 different transactions would appear on the blockchain? (1 transaction for each Address that I have inside the wallet). And someone can know that these 10 transactions have been sent by the same wallet, or not?

Thanks in advance for any answer, as always :)


texts: Is price volatility necessarily a bad thing?

texts: Discussions of BitCoin as the potential basis for a future global monetary system often point to the currency's price volatility as a shortcoming. Fiat currencies, by comparison, are (mostly) a lot less volatile. My question is whether an economy that relies on a low-volatility currency is actually preferable to one that is agnostic to currency volatility. The latter strikes me as more robust.


texts: I've forgotten my wallets password.  Luckly I haven't got any bitcoins yet, still reading about bitcoins.  My question is, now do I reset or create a new password for my wallet?


texts:
I have heard in many places that mining difficulty is increasing, meaning that the hardware used to mine new coins will need to be more and more powerful as time goes on.

What is pushing mining difficulty upward? Is it related the number of people mining (a supply and demand kind of thing), the size of the blockchain, an intentional system design?

I found two related questions 1 2, but they are not exactly the same. I am more interested in what factors affect the difficulty and how. For bonus points, include predictions about future conditions.


texts: Upgrading - OLD PC - Wallet v0.8.1-beta and qt v4.8.3

texts:
Can you advise me on upgrading my wallet and bitcoin software. Are there files I should save before upgrading? what should I upgrade to? Other basic questions.
I have a number of bitcoin files in my block folder *.dat in a file folder created in 2008 (when I gave bitcoin mining a very short try, but freaked out with my PC nearly grinding to a halt). Not sure if this means I have any bitcoins.  I have a wallet, that is showing zero bitcoins but isn't synchronised. The PC is running on windows 7.  That last time I looked at my PC was in 2018, but I wasn't able to synchronise the files fully, but thought I would try again. My OLD PC is currently trying to "reindex" the blocks on the disk.
I am not the most techie person. Thanks.


texts: What's the difference between 12 word seed and 24 word seed?

texts: Why was the format switched to 24 words for some newer wallets?


texts: What is the best method of getting the originating address of Bitcoin transaction?

texts:
As far as I see there are currently two methods of getting the sender's address in a Bitcoin transaction:

Look up the input transaction and read the corresponding output address there (like this: How to findout the sender of a transaction)
Convert the public key in the scriptSig to the address (like this: Why does gettransaction report me only the receiving address?)

Is one of those preferable over the other one?


texts: When creating a transaction, how can you prove that you own your address without exposing your private key?

texts:
I'm trying to understand how Bitcoin works under the hood, but there's something I don't get at all, and can't find it.

Suppose I own address A (I have the public key, A-public, and the private key A-private) and I want to transfer 1 BTC to address B (I know its public key, B-public).

In order to be able to do the transaction, I must, somehow, prove that I own A, and the only way to do that is to show A-private. But, if I show A-private, then I'm exposing my private address, so, someone, somehow, could get it.

To sum up: in the Bitcoin blockchain, how do I prove that I own a certain amount of bitcoins without exposing my private key? Or, alternatively, how does the Bitcoin protocol handle that?


texts:
I am mining on Radeon HD 7850 2G

I increased GPU clock speed to max 1050 available in AMD overdrive.
and then I started to increase memory clock speed.
Mining performance is dropping when memory clock speed is higher then 1250.

1300 - 327
1290 - 320
1280 - 313
1270 - 310
1260 - 307
1255 - 341
1250 - 361
1245 - 361
1240 - 360

Does clock speeds must be multiple?

Is there some formula that shows the best values for mining?


texts: Where can I get the export format for exchanges?

texts:
I am trying to get the format that a large number of exchanges use to export their data.

So when a user clicks export my trades, there is usually a csv file which has a specific format to it.

I would like to get a large number of these formats, as they do vary depending on the exchange. Without signing up for each exchange.


texts: Walking through a transaction script - blockchain.info

texts:
As an example, I would like to consider this transaction: https://blockchain.info/tx/6f7cf9580f1c2dfb3c4d5d043cdbb128c640e3f20161245aa7372e9666168516

I have three questions:

1) The first two entries in the stack are <sig> and <pubKey> for each input. However, the inputs are just giant strings. For the first of the two inputs, it is

3046022100e26d9ff76a07d68369e5782be3f8532d25ecc8add58ee256da6c550b52e8006b022100b4431f5a9a4dcb51cbdcaae935218c0ae4cfc8aa903fe4e5bac4c208290b7d5d01

Where are the two separate items, the signature and the public key?

2) I understand that OP_DUP duplicates the top item on the stack i.e. the publick key and then OP_HASH160 computes the hash. Assuming I have the <pubKey>, I'd like to actually run OP_HASH160 and see that I get the result 12ab8dc588ca9d5787dde7eb29569da63c3a238c using a tool like this http://bitcoinvalued.com/tools.php. Where exactly is the <pubKey> that yields this hash?

3) Finally, there is the OP_CHECKSIG which should take ,  and  and return true or false. Where exactly are these items in this transaction?


texts: Setting up Statistics with litecoin-qt or bitcoin-qt

texts: I'm trying to set up a bitcoin/altcoin pool server, but I've run in to a bit of a problem, I have no way to verify I've connected to the pool succesfully, and no stats or informations on the actual pool operations. Is there some way I could find these stats in litecoin-qt or bitcoin-qt? The getinfo command seems to only return stats about the client, versus the actual pool info. I'd also like to have them generated automatically vs having to calculate myself.


texts: How do I restore a Lightning Node with active channels that has crashed causing data loss? Is it similar to restoring a Bitcoin wallet?

texts:
If my lightning node crashes after receiving payments (but before I have closed the channel) can I recover my funds? What happens if I do not have backups of all the channel updates?

Is the restoration process fundamentally different from dealing with on-chain Bitcoin?


texts: How to file bitcoin income to the IRS as a nonresident alien

texts:
I am a Chinese student in US right now, and my taxation status is Nonresident Alien.

Since IRS has announced bitcoin as "property", I just wonder how to define my gains from my sell of bitcoin in US. My husband bought bitcoin on Chinese website by RMB and I sold them on coinbase to get USD.

According to IRS's explanation, is the money I gained from coinbase "US source property gains"? If so, how to calculate the gains? Does IRS accept transaction records from Chinese websites? Some of the websites even went bankrupt already.

It's my first time to file my taxes in US, I really don't want to cause any trouble. Thanks!


texts: Recovering a wallet from a lost device onto newly bought device

texts: Please, in case my device get lost, broken, or abundoned, what can I do to recover my lost wallet address with my bitcoins onto my new device?


texts: Is there a way to recover the original electrum seed from the encrypted one?

texts:
So I accidentally lost my electrum seed and password, but I still have the wallet file, so I was wondering if there is a way to recover the original seed from the encrypted one?

I think my password might have been pretty short in which case brute forcing it might work, is there any software that can do this?


texts: Can I use any "wallet" to store Litecoins?

texts: I have a doge wallet, can I use it to collect litecoins? Or do I need to specifically get a litecoin wallet to receive payments for hashing? Thank you.


texts:
Is there something in the design of the bitcoin system that prevents this scenario?

The price of bitcoins drops by 80% (or some number) for some external reason.
The profitability of bitcoin mining drops significantly.
The number of bitcoin verifications drops significantly, causing
Additional drop in the price of bitcoins because transactions are not verified promptly.
Go to 2.

In other words, what happens if people stop bitcoin mining because it's too expensive? How will transactions be verified?


texts: Import / create a Wallet from a key with bitcoind or bitcoin-cli to use as a hotwallet?

texts:
i've created a HD Wallet via (https://github.com/GemHQ/money-tree)

i would like to take the private key and throw that into my daemon so i can listen on incoming transactions and also transfer the funds to our coldwallet via RPC calls.

how do i create a wallet.dat via privatekey only so that my daemon can open it?


texts: Automatic synchronization on multiple devices, but only for the selected wallet

texts:
I need a solution to improve this very annoying procedure. I utilize CoinStats to synchronize my crypto and I do it manually. Since I've incorporated into my app three more wallets, one for my mom, one for my sister and one for a friend. Every time that I make a transaction, I have to synchronize my wallet, then their wallets respectively. This is an immensive waste of time.. so I've thought at the cloud configuration, but I don't think I can choose which wallet I want to synchronize on other devices... because I don't want that they have the possibility to see each other's amount. Any suggestions would be very appreciated.
Thank you


texts:
I have cloned bcoin repo and installed webpack package. When trynig to run webpack-app I get the error below:
btc@ubuntu:~/bcoin/node_modules$ npm run webpack-app
npm ERR! missing script: webpack

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
npm ERR!     /home/btc/.npm/_logs/2020-11-18T08_55_31_312Z-debug.log

I have checked the node_modules folder inside the bcoin dir and couldn't find webpack-app package. Also, I excatly followed the instructions from https://bcoin.io/guides/browser
nodejs version: v10.19.0
npm version: 6.14.4


texts: How is the real world value of bitcoins generated?

texts:
I do not understand where the value of the bitcoin comes from.

In old times people were trading in gold or silver. They began to deposit the gold coins in banks and started to trade with these deposit certificates. The deposit certificates became paper money. Then the convertibility of paper money for gold was abandoned, but the paper money had its momentum so it remains in use today.

But how did bitcoin get its momentum? I understand that to get bitcoins, you need to compute some cryptographical puzzles, so the amount of bitcoins is proportional to the computational time spent. But is this computaitonal time spent usefully as in industry, or is it just spent for the sake of gathering the bitcoins?


texts: From LND Bitcoin Wallet to Bitcoin Wallet

texts: Let's say I have some Sats on Zap Desktop wallet. Is it possible to transfer the Sats out of the Zap Desktop Wallet to for example MyCelium?


texts:
I am implementing Bitcoincash by bitcoincashjs module using Nodejs.

Referring site from below,
https://github.com/bitcoincashjs/bitcoincashjs/blob/master/docs/examples.md#create-a-transaction

In that all API's works fine but when I am trying to do transactions it returns me an rawtx string as,

  01000000016889302ea03e.............................ffffffff01983a0000000000001976a914ad618cf4333b3b248f9744e8e81db2964d0ae39788ac00000000

But I want,

1) to decode this rawtx to get what actually message it returns ?

2) & how to determine the transaction is successfull or fails ?


texts: Is the Antminer S5 still worth it for low profit?

texts: I'm thinking about getting an Antminer S5 for Christmas to jump start my Bitcoin mining adventure. Using CryptoCompare's profit calculator I see that I will be losing 60 cents per day with the current kWH in my area. I have yet to talk to my parents (I'm 14) about allowing me to get it and put it in the shed. If they let me and the electric bill increase won't bother them, would the Antminer S5 be worth it? If I were to pay my parents part of the cost, say $10-$15 since the estimated cost would be $20, would it still be a little profitable?


texts: Is GPU mining viable with any Cryptocurrency mining variations?

texts: I have a GTX 960 2GB, and wouldn't mind some cash. I know mining bitcoin with it would maybe produce a few pennies a year, but someone told me there are other mining networks that aren't as inflated as Bitcoin. Also, I'm thinking about upgrading to a 1060 soon (for gaming) and use that for mining overnight/during school, if viable. Thanks.


texts:
I have 2 wallets, and was about to send bitcoins from 1 wallet to another.  I noticed that I had to pay a fee of 0.0001BTC.  Where does that fee go?

One of my wallets was created using bitcoin-qt and the other wallet was created using multibit.


texts:
am using blockchain.info.

I have made a bitcoin transaction of 2.36 BTC to the address 1Lokb2a2ZLCYrYfUTT2bEwc9wJe3Cidi4Z

You can see the transaction at https://blockchain.info/tx/eb198bb925379b8381ec43bdc094fb396eda2136940957bf1a2c11866507a20d

I have paid a 0.0002431 fee but it has been almost 30 hours and it still shows "Unconfirmed".

What could be the error? Also, more importantly, how do I cancel the unconfirmed transaction and get back my coins?


texts: What Do I Do? Unconfirmed Transaction For Almost 7 Hours :(

texts:
Sorry if I'm acting like a noob. Never had a transaction take this long and it's worrying :/ It's been about 6-7 hours and still no confirmations. Do I just wait it out? Please help! :(

The transaction ID is
c3cfa18f21ab69dce87b269643cc841f0c16b7e69683afaad14a25d4b0740277

EDIT: My wallet will not synchronize now either...

Thanks


texts:
Ripple uses a Blob Vault structure to hold the wallet, but it currently resides on one centralized endpoint. It might be prudent to back up your wallet.

How is it done?


texts: Which command line software tools are required to mine litecoin

texts:
I have compiled litecoin core and am currently running litecoind which is downloading the blockchain.

What other command-line tools do I need in order to mine litecoin without a GUI? And what are the other prerequesites (aside from a beefy rig with lots of graphics cards etc)? Can I just create a wallet and set the daemon running? Does the daemon mine coins or do I need to use litecoin-cli to instruct the daemon as to the location of my wallet etc?

I can't seem to find any decent command line guides - most seem to be for cgminer or litecoin-qt


texts:
I have different question besides coding. It's about API so I though it's not that bad idea to ask it here.

Blockchain has API like that: https://blockchain.info/api/api_receive but every time user wants to make a transaction it will generate a new address for him, but my question is. Could I use same address over and over again? Ex: I'll generate a address for user once he registers. If he sends payment there, callback url will still be called even if he has done it multiple times.


texts: Is it possible to retrieve bitcoin address?

texts: I have Bitcoin daemon running in Amazon AMI, i have some balance in my bitcoin wallet, suppose i re-install os/daemon, is it possible to retrieve those balance what happened to that bitcoin addresses(Is it available in my wallet/all addresses will be lost?)


texts: Hashrate required for Finney attack on SatoshiDICE

texts: Say I have an address with 1000 different 0.01BTC outputs. I send all of the outputs (in separate transactions) to the 48% SatoshiDICE address. At the same time, I craft a transaction for each of the outputs that sends the money back to myself. Once I find out which of the bets succeeded, I start mining. I include the SatoshiDICE bets where I won, and I cancel the ones where I lost (using the conflicting transaction I generated earlier). So basically if I mine the next block, I cancel all the bets where I lost, and only keep the ones where I won. My question is, what percent of the network hashrate do I need to make this profitable?


texts: What are some interesting applications of Taproot "smart contracts"?

texts:
From a strictly technical perspective, MAST makes a lot of sense. However, understanding it in the context of Taproot/Tapscript does require prior knowledge in Merkle Trees and hash functions.

What are some toy use cases that could be used to highlight Taproot's value proposition? From what I've seen, 2FA-like applications are often used as example, but what are other fun applications this technology could serve?


texts:
Judging from the docs I understand that pruning, in laymen terms, only allows to get rid of information that cannot have any follow up transaction.

Now, how/why is it possible to set the prune option to a custom value?

What if 550 MiB would be too small, "cutting out" important information?


texts: Is there a 'command' to get the max supply of bitcoin that will ever exist using the bitcoin-cli?

texts:
I would like to know if there a way('command') to know what is the max supply of bitcoin using my own node without trusting a third party.

Also if anyone could explain to me why :

  bitcoin-cli gettxoutsetinfo

returns this message when written:

*error: Could not connect to the server 127.0.0.1:8332 (error code 0 - "timeout reached")
    Make sure the bitcoind server is running and that you are connecting to the correct RPC port.*

Is that bcuz I'm running behind tor? Would be great if some of you guys can expand on these 2 doubts.


texts:
For example, can a person pay to say "somewebsite.com" as opposed to "1MVY1e2vta5bA6BFEGnpqJeHUC5YaV5dsb"

There's no way the general public would use the latter.

p.s dns was an example, doesn't have to be a ".com", I meant some unique word as opposed to long randomized string.


texts: Multiple mining pool workers or just one

texts:
I asked a question about What is a worker exactly from Antminer Pool Worker field and got an answer to one of the specific questions within stating that you can generally use a worker name over and over on different machines, and all the work is added together to show the worker's work.

  Question

  What factors should be considered for someone trying to decide whether
  to have a worker setup and dedicated to each individual miner device
  versus having one worker setup for multiple miner devices?

It would seem from a server farm administration perspective at least that managing less workers could help simplify some of the configuration and tracking tasks.

I'm worried doing this one way versus the other could have a negative impact on the ultimate goal to make more money than spent on the electric utility if there's anything applicable that'd affect this.


texts: How the disposable private keys are being shared in Lightning Network?

texts:
From the Lightning Network paper:

  ... once an updated commitment transaction is agreed upon, the previous commitment transaction pair is revoked by sharing the private keys needed to redeem those encumbered outputs. Thus, A shares its  (throwaway) private key, and B shares its throwaway private key. If A were to sign and broadcast a revoked commitment transaction, B could not only immediately spend its own output, but it has both A's key and its own to generate a transaction which can spend the output which normally go to A after a delay.

It's not clear to me how the throwaway private keys should be shared between the two parties. What if Alice shared her key to Bob but Bob refuse to disclose his? In that case Alice cannot spend the earlier commitment since otherwise Bob can steal her time-locked funds. But Bob could still spend his previous commitment without worrying his fund be revoked by Alice.

Is it considered an unfair situation? And how the protocol address the problem?


texts: Bitcoin walletnotify doesn't pass the txid as %s

texts:
Thoroughly searched this online but haven't found an answer yet. Basically I'm using the below line in my conf file:

  walletnotify=C:\pathname\filename.py %s

It is supposed to run my python file and pass the txid to it as the argument sys.argv[1]. But I get "IndexError: list index out of range" and upon investigating, it is merely opening the python file without passing anything to it, so there are no arguments.

I am using Anaconda for python 3 and I've set the python.exe file in my Appdata\local\conda\conda...subfolders as the default program to open .py files with. This might be relevant because earlier there was a python 2.7 installed on my computer that I wasn't really using, but somehow walletnotify seemed to be working fine at that time. I uninstalled python 2.7 just to clean up my computer and since then I've been facing this issue. I'm using Windows 10 FYI.

I'm a bit frustrated as I've been trying to crack this for about 6 hours now without much success. Please help.


texts: Why are the drops in mempool unconfirmed transaction count not of constant height?

texts:
I was just browsing the following mempool visualization and couldn't come up with a good explanation why the drops in unconfirmed transaction count are not of pretty much constant height but vary wildly.
My assumption is that every drop represents a newly mined block. Why are there apparently some blocks which contain very few or almost no transactions while others in contrast contain a relatively large number of transactions?
My only theory that miners are just too stupid to include all the available maximum fee transactions up to the maximum block size they can find seems .. too stupid to be true.
Please explain! Thanks :)


texts: Blockchain.info has a service to list all the transactions which involve a bitcoin addresses generated using a given xpub.How does this work?

texts:
As per my understanding, there could be infinite addresses which can be generated, so how does this work?

Link: https://blockchain.info/xpub/xpub6CUGRUonZSQ4TWtTMmzXdrXDtypWKiKrhko4egpiMZbpiaQL2jkwSB1icqYh2cfDfVxdx4df189oLKnC5fSwqPfgyP3hooxujYzAu3fDVmz


texts: I created a ripple account ... what next? (how do I start?)

texts:
I have a ripple client set up, but I can't do anything useful such as viewing the order book etc.  Since the site is in beta, BTC and other currencies are not supported... only ripples.

Basically I know I need to give people my address of rPZhwqx7kQdssJD6i3cnEpd9kQ1Tofzjkx to get ripples, but I don't know who to contact or how to get started.

The teaser website and hype around the Ripple technology hasn't gotten me to pour over every detail of the Ripple wiki, so please forgive me if I missed it.

So how do I get started?


texts: what questions should i ask when deposing a client about hidden bitcoins

texts: I am deposing a client's spouse about bitcoins they have mined since 2013.  What relevant questions should I ask to ascertain number of coins mined and transactions concerning those coins, such as number of coins still held and location of coins?


texts:
What is this code ?

66 : min relay fee not met  ( code - 26 )

I received this code after trying to send my
rawtransaction.


texts:
I bought bitcoin years ago and now the website that I bought from is unavailable!
I only have a key that I don't even know whether it's a public key or a private key or some useless key generated by the website. Plus I'm not sure that the website bought actual bitcoin or other cryptos for me.
How can I know if I have it on the blockchain?


texts:
I found that in my university there are some FPGA's available to test and to play with. I am a software/web programmer and I have never been working with verilog or whatever is used to program FPGA.

So is there a nice tutorial which explains how to start mining using FPGA. I do not want to create a fancy 2 - 10 connected FPGAs to run mine for profit, but I just want to start one FPGA and to see how it is working and what speed it is giving me.

I have checked the question: What software/hardware is required to mine with an FPGA?, but it does not provide information, I needed.

P.S: I also have seen this post: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=9047.0 , but I hope to hear from someone who started to mine by himself and can share his experience.

So is there an easy to use tutorial for a not microsystem guy who wants to test mining. Or this is so complicated?

P.S. The vendor is Xilinx.

I have two different models:

The model for the simple one is Spartan 3E
The model for the advanced one is Virtex5


texts: Unable to return BlockHashes when I run this generatetoaddress

texts:
I have downloaded and fully synced with my Mac last Saturday, my Bitcoin Core version is v0.21.0 and my Bitcoin-Qt version 5.9.8.
I did run other RPC commands such as "getrpcinfo" and it did provide result:
{
"active_commands": [
{
"method": "getrpcinfo",
"duration": 72
}
],
"logpath": "/Users/jsjs77/Library/Application Support/Bitcoin/debug.log"
}
"getbalance" -
￼
{
"mine": {
"trusted": 0.00000000,
"untrusted_pending": 0.00000000,
"immature": 0.00000000
}
}
But then, when I want to run this "generatetoaddress nblocks "address" it does not provide block hash result:
￼
generatetoaddress 11  1MDihWw2UfkYyAwrQDWNFbmaH6bx4NBFtL
￼
[
]
I have tried the following methods:
bitcoin-cli generatetoaddress 11  1MDihWw2UfkYyAwrQDWNFbmaH6bx4NBFtL.
￼
Method not found (code -32601)
and
bitcoin-cli -regtest generatetoaddress 11 1MDihWw2UfkYyAwrQDWNFbmaH6bx4NBFtL
￼Method not found (code -32601)
Is this got to do with the changes of latest version? I really need help. Thanks


texts: To have btc transferred into a wallet does it need a certain amount of btc in the wallet for it to be verified. Does this amount depend on total btc to be transferred


texts: How to reduce number of inputs in bitcoin transaction?

texts:
We have a bitcoin node running on a server which we use to generate addresses to receive small payments from the users. We receive tons of small payments daily right now and then we are using the same bitcoin wallet to send payouts to our users using the sendmany rpc call.

This results in lots of inputs to cover the amount in outputs. Each new input increases the size of transaction by around 150 bytes and so we are loosing too much in fee.

Is there any way to reduce the number of inputs?

Suggestions would be really appreciated.

Thank you.


texts: I have watched addresses in my wallet..how do i use them?

texts: How do I use the watch only addresses that are in my wallet? I can't find the private keys. Is their any way to use them or should I just delete the wallet with the watch addresses in them?


texts: Meaning of this part of the Bitcoin Ticker Display?

texts:
When looking at the Bitcoin Ticker site: https://bitcointicker.co/stamp/btc/usd/1hr/
I see the part of the screen pictured below.  I'm having trouble understanding what this is presenting.  Can someone please help me understand it?


texts: I am trying to set up the bitcoin rpc login but I cant seem to find the bitcoin.conf file on the windows 8 file system ive looked under myusername/roaming/bitcoin no file there or anywhere else I have looked anyone else have any idea? thanks!! ill continue looking thanks ahead of time :)


texts: Hardware Wallet Vulnerability Fix - Verifying Input Value

texts:
I'm confused by the proposed solution posted in the blog regarding the recent vulnerability https://blog.trezor.io/details-of-firmware-updates-for-trezor-one-version-1-9-1-and-trezor-model-t-version-2-3-1-1eba8f60f2dd?gi=504a17ecca1c

  The fix is straightforward — we need to deal with Segwit transactions in the very same manner as we do with non-Segwit transactions. That means we need to require and validate the previous transactions’ UTXO amounts. That is exactly what we are introducing in firmware versions 2.3.1 and 1.9.1.

I thought the value was already required to sign a raw segwit transaction... Since the change to segwit the full value of the input was needed in order to sign the raw transaction whereas before with legacy addresses you can simply sign without the input value amount.

They basically state the same thing in the article:

  This is defined in BIP-143 and one of the changes was that the amount
  of the UTXO is present in the signed data. This helps significantly;
  if the attacker lies about the UTXO’s amount, the signature is simply
  not valid in the Bitcoin network.

I guess I need it explained to me like a child because I don't get it, what are they checking and validating, how are they validating? Are they going back two transactions now?


texts:
I am new to bit coin and the bread wallet app, so please excuse me if this is a really obvious question.

I have read a lot of information saying that it is vital to use a new address every time I receive a payment. (https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Address_reuse)
The bread app presents me with a qr code with my address below it to receive money, but no apparent way to create a new address.

Am I missing something really obvious, or is it ok to use this same qr/address over and over?


texts: Multibit saving after transaction - what do wallet private key backups look like, if they exist?

texts:
I sent some bitcoins from a multibit wallet to another wallet. I recently realized that the change not sent in this transaction is sent to a new address. This means I didn't back up the key of this new wallet.

I was wondering if this new address created would have auto-saved when I shut down multibit. If so what kind of name would it self save under?


texts: How do I get the originating address using Blockchain.info's recieving API?

texts:
I'm using the blockchain.info/api/api_receive

I have everything working fine but when I made a payment I can't find (in the callback) the bitcoin address of the payer, only the address of the payee...

callback example:

{
   "input_transaction_hash":"0a11043d6e067bad827d4c82da2c45e99323f3a0b28f843fae156bcbd7e8a1d2",
   "shared":"false",
   "address":"1MVSoHC5M875Pbz5FfzckA35A6LpbmNcpo",
   "destination_address":"1MVSoHC5M875Pbz5FfzckA35A6LpbmNcpo",
   "input_address":"1NjbP7RFN6sQbEp6wVc21ZpKRhoR4PaLbR",
   "invoice_id":"40",
   "anonymous":"false",
   "secret":"eijfei4333",
   "confirmations":"4",
   "value":"1407217",
   "transaction_hash":"0d28f482f56c784c3f09be9e49ea45de76a49ae91efbeab43a7bfec417c37005"
}

How can I find out the payers address?
Thanks


texts: Why do exchanges have a buy/sell column in their trade history?

texts: Why is there a type column in the trade history on exchanges like btc-e.com and vircurex.com? If all the trades are between two users on the exchange why is a buy/sell type needed? And if there is one entry for buy shouldn't there be an equal entry for sell because the person buying is buying from someone who is selling.


texts: Bitcoin, BTC.com and monitoring double-spend attempts

texts:
I'm reading Analysis of hashrate-based double-spending article. On page 10 there's a table listing probability of successful double-spend attack in relation to required number of confirmation.

Looking at hashrate distribution I can see that BTC.com now owns 20% of network hash-rate. Given the numbers in the table in the article, it makes me wonder whether there have been any publicly revealed double-spend attacks by BTC.com or other major pools. BTC.com now has roughly 20% chance of successful double-spend attack against merchants waiting for just 2 confirmations.

Are there any watchmen monitoring the nefarious activities of mining pools on Bitcoin network akin to Certificate Transparency which monitors certificate authorities in PKI?


texts: How does Bitcoin keep track of account balances?

texts:
I downloaded the latest bitcoin client and am waiting for it to connect. How does it remember how much money a person has? Do I create an account and the balance is associated with the account each time I log in?

Another thing I don't get is how come there's ways to get free bitcoins, such as through mining or websites? Isn't it unfair that some have their money they worked for transferred to bitcoins where others depend on the strength of their computer to make them money? Is it that the free ways of getting bitcoins never give out that much it's not a problem?


texts: Transaction Relay and trickling in Bitcoin

texts:
If a node has 100 connections to other nodes and receives a new transaction using a getData request, it sends an inv message to it's 100 connecting peers correct?

Does it also send the inv message to the peer that it just received the transaction from as it is still one of it's connecting peers?

'Messages, in general, are flushed periodically about every
100 ms. However, transaction relaying takes place by “trickling” messages out. Bitcoin randomly selects with a probability
of 1/4 the transactions for an inv message and stalls the remaining transactions. Every neighbor gets a different set of randomly
chosen transactions, each about 1/4 of the currently available
set. Only the randomly selected “trickling node” (cf. addr
message relaying) gets all transactions immediately. The other
neighbors either get it later or already got it from another neighbor. Trickling reduces the overhead and at the same time makes
traffic analysis more difficult, in a similar manner as mixes do
in mix networks.'

I'm having a bit of difficulty understanding how trickling works in terms of transactions. I believed that the process was when a transaction occurs, the node responsible for the transaction would send INV messages to its peers and send the tx if the peers respond with getData.


texts: Can bitcoins be moved from the origin address to the origin address?

texts: I ask this because it seems more efficient to send change to the original address instead of a new one. Does the cryptography not allow this?


texts: BIP39 Manual Phrase Calculations - How are Multiple checksums valid?

texts:
Need some help understanding the math regarding why multiple checksums work for mnemonic phrase generation (BIP39).

Let's assume a 12 word passphrase. If we divide the 2048 wordlist into groups of 16 ... exactly 1 word out of 16 word "block" will be a valid checksum for the 11 words selected.

With a 24 word passphrase, 1 word out of every 256 would be a correct checksum.

When generating a phrase by hand... I know that the ENT / 32 bits of the sha-256 hash are appended to the entropy to generate the checksum word.. but this generates one specific word.

So I guess my long-winded question is ... what is the math behind other checksum values being valid? I guess my real question is how is the ENT + CS validated as legitimate?

See this example:

Entropy (128 bits): 11010011 01100100 00000010 01011110 01010011 11101100 01010011 01101110 01101010 01111000 11010010 11011000 10111010 00100011 11101100 11110010

SHA-256 Hash of entropy = 14 c5 8b c9 05 11 5e 08 27 49 61 1e 48 d6 04 c0 2a 70 8c 39 ad 6c dc 0c 91 2f 70 62 c3 24 71 23

First 4 bits of SHA-256 Hash = 1 (hex) Binary = 0001

Generated Recovery Phrase: square cactus nurse pond share rescue prepare bottom suffer speed will tomorrow

another valid phrase (with same entropy but different checksum): square cactus nurse pond share rescue prepare bottom suffer speed will account

Account = 13 (on the BIPS39 wordlist) Subtract 1 since word index starts at 0 = 12 12 to binary = 1100 Hex = C

C (hex) != 1 (hex)

another valid phrase (with same entropy but different checksum): square cactus nurse pond share rescue prepare bottom suffer speed will acoustic

Acoustic = 17 (on the BIPS39 wordlist) Subtract 1 since word index starts at 0 = 16 16 to Binary: 10000 Hex = 10

10 (hex) != 1 (hex)

I guess I'm also confused how these checksums are valid when their values do not equal the first 4 bits of the SHA-256 Hash of ENT?  I'm guessing it has to do with how the checksum is validated (and pointing back to my original question)?


texts: Coinbase purchase bitcoin transaction pending, why is it painfully slow to purchase

texts: I have purchased bitcoin using coinbase app 3 hours ago and the transaction is still pending. Is it usually this painfully slow to transact on coinbase?


texts: What happens if I force quit a bitcoin wallet application before it finishes synchronizing?

texts: I ask because upon initial install, this program (newest version) is PAINFULLY slow, and slowing down my system extremely, toward the end of the 6k block mark. I'm wondering if you force quit the application before it is completed, it will start all over again, or do something else.


texts:
Does anybody know a good exchange site for various cryptocurrencies like LTC, NMC, IXC, DVC, BTC etc.

One I found was Vircurex but it is very cumbersome to use.


texts: Does bitcoind re-index or reverify downloaded blocks upon startup?

texts: If so is there a way to prevent this from happening?


texts: How to get private key and Bitcoin address in pure Python - without modules?

texts:
How to make a pure Python code for Bitcoin address and private key without modules? For now I learn only how from decimal to get a hex. How from hex to private key WIF and than Bitcoin address?

bits = 115792089237316195423570985008687907852837564279074904382605163141518111494336
bits_hex = hex(bits)
private_key = bits_hex[2:]
print(private_key)

With this code I get this fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffebaaedce6af48a03bbfd25e8ccd3b50c0

I want to get this
5Km2kuu7vtFDPpxywn4u3NLpbr5jKpTB3jsuDU2KXjvkyQnjL4Q

and this
1FDV9PfvAnep8LEzNc7kqSjpxtWK3G3oj4

and compressed private key and address

L5oLkpV3aqBjhki6LmvChTCV6odsp4SXM6FfU2GpngUH5fdXyvH3
1HcYwYNpthRFqUCUhAtQfG3ZAX46uMSUux

Can someone to help me?


texts: Why is MTGOX's Price/Bitcoin higher than most other exchanges?

texts:
I've been watching BitCoins for the last few months, and noticed that MTGOX's price per bitcoin is always higher than the price per bitcoin of similar exchanges, (eg cavirtex.com, and bitstamp.com).

Why is this? And why wouldn't people just buy them at another exchange, send their bitcoin to MTGOX, and cash out for an automatic (from what I've seen) 10-15% increase in what they invested?

I know they were the most popular/liquid site for bitcoin's until just recently, but I've heard that BitStamp has surpassed them.


texts: Does Electrum Daemon give a transaction id even when balance is too low?

texts:
Occasionally in my database I have a transaction id output from electrum for some bitcoin sent but that transaction id is invalid. If the balance is too low on electrum and I try to send an amount greater than the wallet balance will electrum still give me a bitcoin transaction id?

This wreaks havoc on my service because it appears that transactions happen when in fact those txids are invalid.  This wasn't happening before, but now it appears to happen a few times a day (with a volume of a few hundred transactions - everything works, except for those occasional invalid trx)


texts: How do market cap websites obtain their list of coins?

texts: Do they manually research and enter them into the database or do the coin developers contact the websites?


texts: Where is the witness data stored in the raw block data

texts:
I can see in BIP-141 where the merkle hash is stored.  And I think its clear that the witness data won't be streamed inline with the TXN data.  So I assume the witness data is simply thunked on to the end of the raw block.
Is this something so blatantly obvious that it doesn't need to be specified in a BIP or wiki anywhere, or did I just miss the mention?


texts: Transfer of BTC the wallet address p2pkh to wallet address p2sh

texts: Is it possible to send BTC from wallet having address type p2pkh to the receiver wallet address p2psh


texts: How resilient are Proof of Stake (PoS) mechanisms to brute force quantum computing attacks?

texts:
The article called "Bitcoin vs. The NSA’s Quantum Computer" was a great read pertaining to Bitcoin, and computing minimum thermodynamic energy required to brute force attack public key to discover the companion private key, Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) vulnerabilities to quantum computing, and how Bitcoin public addresses hide public keys until money is spent.

If the SHA256 and RIPE160 cryptographic hashing mechanisms are impervious to inversion (due to information collapsing loss - black hole operations) by whatever computing means used to create them, then the Bitcoin Blockchain should be fine a long as quantum computing mining does not gain much more than a 51% computing advantage for populating the Blockchain with Bitcoin's Proof of Work (PoW) mechanism.

How will the integrity of an "energy efficient" PoS Ledger fare (during the advent of quantum computing) if it is overly reliant upon traditional digital signature technology for implementing its staking mechanism?


texts: What did Deepbit to make their inputs special on transactions?

texts:
It seems Deepbit uses a strange format for it’s transactions on the addresses it owned. For example, in this transaction all inputs but 3 comes from Deepbit. Even Bitcoin core can’t decode addresses or scripts from transactions launched by Deepbit.
This seems to apply to all transactions

That time it’s not SegWit. It’s not even Pay to Script since they didn’t exists at that time (and it’s about1Vaddresses). How those inputs are specials, and what’s the purpose ?


texts: Transaction creation process is not non-interactive(Mimblewimble)?

texts:
I have read Mimblewimble paper.

Certainly, Transaction merging process is non-interactive.
However, Transaction creation process seems to be not non-interactive.
To create transaction, a sender must interact a receiver because a sender shouldn't know all output's blinding factor(except change).
If a sender knows output's blinding factor, he can spend output.

Is my understanding of this correct?


texts: How much bitcoin is being sent to someone else in this transaction?

texts:
From this link which is a bitcoin testnet transaction.

How can we be sure that this transaction spent a certain amount of satoshis to an address from another wallet? In this case the transaction is spending 2000000 t-satoshis to mzTH5MV8AVuzu6PRL5NArsv6qNYro1P8Qm address.

UPDATE

It seems "blockcypher" system is doing this accurately for this transaction as well. So there must be a way to do it. How does this work?

Blockcypher displays that Estimated Value Sent : 0.01 t-BTC


texts: A Wallet for many blockchains (not just the bitcoin blockchain)

texts:
In terms of the future of the trust network where there will be an increasing number of fit-for-purpose blockchains such as ones for proof of asset, proof of identity, proof of ownership etc., will there be a wallet to store all of an individual's blockchain needs?

Much like our conventional wallet now storing our cash, driver's license, credit cards and affinity cards. Is the BIP32 "standard" moving in this direction?


texts: How does the mining process support the currency?

texts:
Why is mining Bitcoins necessary? Is it essentially a distribution mechanism to ensure Bitcoins are not held by a few (wealthy) individuals from the get-go who might just hoard Bitcoins rather than be encouraged to spend them?

Isn't the (growing) expense of mining Bitcoins going to have this effect in any case - specialist Bitcoin mining companies (with racks of expensive hardware) could effectively make it impossible for anyone else to mine Bitcoins - meaning the currency cannot filter down evenly through the network but ends up congealing around power users...


texts:
I had about $8 USD worth of bitcoin in a wallet, and I backed up the wallet.dat to my dropbox. According to the modified date of the file this was in April 2013, so it was probaby from bitcoin qt version 0.8.1, or maybe a little earlier.

I basically left it there and haven't done anything with bitcoin since then. Since it is worth probably at least $100 now I decided to check the exact amount.

I downloaded the latest version of bitcoin core, added the wallet.dat file to the data directory, started it with -rescan, and waited almost a month (!) for the blockchain data to get up to date. The balance showed as 0 the whole time. I thought it would update once the blockchain was totally downloaded, but it still just says 0.

Is this a problem with old vs new versions? Did I do something wrong? Next time, should I expect the balance to show a non-zero amount even if I haven't downloaded the whole blockchain yet?


texts: Bitcoin economic nodes, concensus, and historical nodes

texts: With regards to the recent dos + inflation bug, and seeing that most nodes on the network have still not upgraded with the patch (lukedashjr's chart here: https://luke.dashjr.org/programs/bitcoin/files/charts/security.html), I think the least understood aspect of Bitcoin to me is this idea of economic majority.  Can you someone elaborate on the economic majority?  Suppose in a scenario, I have a node running following the rules of Bitcoin Core v0.17.0 and if I die, but I still want those rules to be enforced, can I do that?  Do ancestor nodes have any consensus role to play or only the ones being used today ("economic" nodes, i.e. exchanges, miners, merchants) matter?


texts: Why is the privacy for using watch tower services increased with unpredictable commitment tx ids?

texts:
In the open channel message in BOLT 02 the following statement is written about the various basepoints.

  The various _basepoint fields are used to derive unique keys as described in BOLT #3 for each commitment transaction. Varying these keys ensures that the transaction ID of each commitment transaction is unpredictable to an external observer, even if one commitment transaction is seen; this property is very useful for preserving privacy when outsourcing penalty transactions to third parties.

I wonder about the last sentence. Why does this in particular help with the privacy of such services? I thought I increase privacy by using several third party watching services and not only one. In case I use one they would know my entire channel state history anyway.

One thing that I guessed was that once I know one commitment tx I could calculate all txids for all possible channelstates. But I thought the signatures depend on the amount of the outputs and the txid depend on the signatures.

Do I have a misconception or is the reason for the increased privacy another one that I don't see?


texts: Why was BIP34 (Block v2, Height in Coinbase) not implemented via the coinbase tx's locktime or nSequence?

texts:
At some point in 2011/12 miners started using custom mining algorithms ignoring the best practise to mine to a different new public key (hash) for each subsequent block. This lead to a lack of uniqueness of the coinbase transaction id and destroyed some bitcoins forever.

So it became mandatory with BIP34/v2 blocks to put the height of a block in a special encoded format into the coinbase transaction's input "script".

But why not use existing datastructures like the coinbase transaction's very own locktime field?


texts: BIP 144 transaction format and soft-forks and old nodes

texts:
I was trying to manually parse a raw Bitcoin transaction in order to better understand how it works.

This is how it starts:
"0200000000010141035625cd030eca667c95d1729a"

I think I've parsed the Tx version just fine but then the next byte was 00. I imagine this has something to do with BIP144. Correct?

If so in BIP 144:

  Parsers supporting this BIP will be able to distinguish between the old serialization format (without the witness) and this one. The marker byte is set to zero so that this structure will never parse as a valid transaction in a parser that does not support this BIP. If parsing were to succeed, such a transaction would contain no inputs and a single output.

Does this means that old nodes do not relay Segwit transactions? They will think they are invalid? But once they are put in a block it's already in a format that an old-node can understand?

Sorry for the messy question.


texts: Is there a shortcut for a synchronized bitcoin core after txindex?

texts:
I have downloaded the whole blockchain, but I was curious about the working environment after enabling txindex=1 and calling the -reindex command.

Now that I decided not to reindex the blockchain (didn't want to develop anything extreme and to wait that long), I disabled txindex=0 and bitcoind is downloading again all the blockchain!

Is there a shortcut to avoid it?

*I think the debug.log file is growing twice the initial size


texts:
Upon opening multibit I get this error message; any idea what it means?

"Det gick inte att läsa in https://multibit.org/version.txt. Felet var javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed:
sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target."


texts: How to monitor balance for addresses other than by using importAddress?

texts:
Is there any way, other than importaddress, to watch balances of specific addresses?

If not, how it is possible for wallets and explorers to give information (balance, transactions) about specific addresses even though importaddress takes some time?  Because we have to rescan sooner or later.


texts: How is it possibile to verify payments without running a full network node?

texts:
I've read the Nakamoto's paper "Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system". In paragraph Simplified Payment Verification he said that is possible to verify payments without running a full network node.

I don't understand how, having a Markle's Tree Root hash, verify payment. In fact, in order to check payment, I need to combine and hash all node of right or left branch, not just the root.

Moreover, how can choose which Root hash needs to get without see in all nodes?


texts:
When you invest in an ICO, you get a bunch of tokens in return. From what I understand, these tokens don't generate any dividends, hence they are essentially worthless. Why should one buy them?

Let's compare with buying stocks in a company: The reason company shares have any value is because of dividends (or other profit sharing methods). If a company promises to never distribute any profit to its shareholders, the stock is worth exactly zero. No one would buy them.

I'm trying to make sense of this and I'm certainly missing something here.


texts: Is it possible to create a blockchain network which will not increase in difficulty?

texts:
I would like to create a blockchain network which will stay at the same level of complexity, meaning it won't take longer or need stronger hardware to mine.
Is such a thing possible?


texts: Should we still mine nowadays with CPU/GPU?

texts:
For the little bit I understood so far about the mining process, it seems to me that "finding" a block is very very very difficult for a CPU/GPU.

However, since it is done by brute force, it seems to me that there is a very small chance (has anyone calculated how much?) of a single cpu miner to find a block very fast in a few first tries, hence hitting the jackpot of 25 BTC.

Is this theory correct?


texts:
Context
I would like to verify being A has access to a wallet and hence would like to ask them to pay a minimum amount to a particular wallet address owned by someone other than me, e.g. 1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa, with a signature ThisIsUnexpected that I gave to the being A.
The basic concept I believe is quite simple, if being A agrees, they share with me their bitcoin wallet address:being_A_bitcoin_wallet_address. Next, I would share the expected signature, and selected recipient address (e.g. 1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa) with being A. Being A then pays a minimal amount of bitcoin to 1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa. After the transaction is completed, I look at the transaction history of the received donations to 1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa and find the transaction made by being_A_bitcoin_wallet_address. Next, I look at the signature of that particular transaction and verify it reads: ThisIsUnexpected. If the transaction indeed has that signature I have a high certainty being A has access to being_A_bitcoin_wallet_address and I can verify their amount of funds.
Challenge
Though the idea may be relatively simple, I am experiencing some challenges in the execution.
To test the verification procedure, I thought I would look up the signatures of past transactions to that address. Hence I went to: https://www.blockchain.com/btc/address/1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa and looked at the list of transactions. At the moment of writing, this is the most recent transaction, so I thought I could perhaps take the Sigscript of the transaction (with index 1) and put it into this signature verification tool to get a human-readable signature. However that tool does not seem to provide a human-readable signature, nor do I know whether the arbitrary transaction I selected contains a "Thank you Satoshi"-like signature.
Question
How could I practically verify the signature of a bitcoin transaction (if it has one)?
Subquestions
I think this question could be segmented in the following sub-questions:

How can I verify that an arbitrary transaction contains a human-readable signature?
Which information of the transaction data should I use to obtain a human readable form of the transaction signature?
Which online resources could be used to verify a signature?
Is there a python script that provides a function: being_has_access_to_wallet(claimed_wallet_access_address, recipient_wallet_address,human_readable_signature, amount=0.0001) that returns True or False using something like a block explorer?


texts: Why are change addresses not associated with an account in your wallet?

texts: From what I understand change addresses are automatically generated when you use sendtoaddress but what I don't understand is why these change addresses don't become automatically associated with the sending account. What is the reason for this?


texts: If you were to send BTC accidentally to a BCC address then would the funds have been sent to the same private key on the BTC blockchain?  Would the owner of the BCC key be able to retrieve those coins in a BTC wallet?


texts: Is there a bitcoin mining program that works with multple devices, and adds the collective satoshis together?

texts:
I'm very new, and I created this account to ask this question. While at home, we have several unused computers from over the years and I set up 2 computers to run a mining program.

My question is, Is there a program that can add the collective mining efforts together so that they reach the payout threshold faster?

Just wondering.


texts:
Can someone please explain in detail the components of the final hash that determines the winner of the block?

My understanding is that the miners are taking

The Merkle Root,
The time stamp,
The prior block's hash,
Some other components??, along with
A nonce that the miner's have to guess in order for the hash of all these components, using Sha256, to have at least 18 leading zeros.

My questions are:

Am I right in my understanding so far?
Can someone explain what the other components are and what order they are input into the hash function?
Using the data available on blockchain.info about each block, can I recreate the winning hash by inputing the same data into a Sha256 calculator?

Thanks.


texts: How to get paid providing full node services?

texts: I run a full node.  I would like to get paid for the services I provide.  How can I go about getting that to happen?


texts: Is there a service like localbitcoins.com for Litecoin?

texts:
At the moment, I use localbitcoins.com to find people to buy bitcoins from who have bank accounts so I don't have to fund an online wallet before I can buy.  In order to sell bitcoins, yes the online wallet needs to be funded with bitcoins and that is fine.

Does such a service exist for litecoins too?  So I can find people in my chosen country to buy from, so I can transfer money to their bank account without having to find an online wallet first with money.  I would understand that if I wanted to sell litecoins, the online wallet would need litecoin funds available first.


texts:
I have been able to set up basic mining using minerd, and it is happily mining away on GHash.IO. However, it doesn't seem to be attached to my CEX.IO account, even though I am mining with these arguments:

minerd --url stratum+tcp://uk1.ghash.io:3333 --threads 2 --userpass [myusername].worker1:

Can anyone point me in the right direction?

EDIT: The above was mining with my account after all. A refresh rate of 1/day lead me to believe otherwise. Sorry to waste everyone's time!


texts: What I am looking to do is soft fork on litecoin and create my own coin! I know that I need to make a node but I can't find any process that shows me how to create my own coin.


texts: Do payment channels have an address? And where are their transactions actually being written to?

texts:
In the Lighting Network or with micropayment it's possible to open up payment channels that basically work like a smart contract.

At the beginning, the channel is funded by one or two parties with some initial coins (or "funds"), which is then transactioned to the blockchain. The question is: Where do these initial coins go to? Are they like stored in the blockchain-only? Or are they stored in some kind of virtual Bitcoin address for that channel?

So let's say one party is Alice and the other is Bob. The channel is single-funded by Alice (the very same as here). Now Alice sends Bob 0.2 BTC: Where are the transactions in the channel being written to? In other words, how can I make sure that Alice doesn't deliberately screw up the channel and gets back the 1 BTC instead of the 0.8 BTC? Does this even reliably work without a man in the middle? If not, who or where is this man in the middle?


texts:
I'm using Bitcoin Core v0.15.1. when I use getaddressesbyaccount in the debug console I can see the "account" is DEPRECATED. in fact all methods that uses "account" mark this parameter as DEPRECATED.

I realize that the whole "Accounts" feature is being deprecated, but
there is no getaddressesbylabel.

How can I replace this method to get the address by the label? what does DEPRECATED means for future versions? will the parameter be ignored or removed or will the whole getaddressesbyaccount be removed?

in fact I'm not sure how to handle other methods with "account" parameter. this label is essential to my application. (I want to lookup address by a unique label/id I will give for each user that uses my wallet).

Thanks.


texts:
I'm developing a website that will be accepting BTC as a form of payment.

I (technically) know how to accept payments, I'm currently experimenting with the daemon and the Python-BitcoinRPC library and everything seems to work well.

What I'm asking here is what is, in the opinion of Bitcoins experts, the best way to actually handle the transactions.

I'm currently testing this method:

Payment requested
Script asks the Bitcoin daemon to generate a new address
Show the new address to the user, ask to pay to that address
Script monitors the address
When the confirmed amount on that address is equal or greater that the amount to pay, mark the transaction as Payed
Transfer the amount from the address to another "main" address where all the payments end up

Is this method good and secure? I'm particularly unsure about the last point.

Do you have any experience in this field?

Thank you in advance!

EDIT: I'm having some issues in sending BTC moved to a address from another address in local (without paying fees).


texts: What is the mining pool's transaction choosing algorithm to maximize their reward?

texts:
I have read the Bitcoin Core(version 0.19)'s source code, I have read its transaction choosing algorighm, I found that algorithm can not maximize the minging reward，I think the mining pool has its own algorithm，so I want to know which algorighm does the mining pool use to choose transactions from transactioin pool to Maximize mining reward?
Is it knapsack algorithm？ or greedy algorithm？Is there someone can tell me? If you can show the source code, it would be even better. thanks a lot!


texts: Can dust outputs become an economic problem?

texts:
I'm thinking about actually economic problems, not about UTXO set size.
One example would be:
Bitcoin adoption gets global and the value of a Bitcoin gets to be ridiculously high, let's say $100,000,000 could that make a large number of dust UTXO (now with a non-negligible value) unspendable? Could that cause any economic problems?
Is there any literature about this?


texts: I understand that Bitcoin uses unspent tx output and Ethereum account balance based. However, recently there are lots of discussions on that Bitcoin's UTXO database has become too big. Does this mean account balance based transactions are better in scaling than UTXO based?


texts: Even if transaction fee is set to BTC 0.00001, transactions remain unconfirmed

texts: I'm testing an application based on bitcoinj so I've been sending small amounts for days and it worked fine – transaction fees are set by default to BTC 0.00001. As of yesterday, these small transactions just remain unconfirmed... I guess because the Bitcoin network also considers volumes. Is that assumption correct? What is a reasonable fee to prevent this inconvenient? And last but not least, how do I recover my unconfirmed transactions?


texts: I know that new blocks are relayed one block per 10 minutes but that time is not exact but average so: Who decides that the new block is ready to hash?


texts: How to modify dynamically the fee of a transaction?

texts:
I want to modify dynamically the fee for each transaction made by the users who use my website. I calculate the fees dynamically but I don't know how can I apply that custom fee for each user. I am trying it in the following way:

$this->bitcoin->settxfee($fee);
$output = $this->bitcoin->sendtoaddress($toAddress, $amount);

If someone can point me in the right direction I'd be grateful


texts: Who is the certification authority in Bitcoin?

texts:
If you would compare Bitcoin with electronic banking there are quite a lot of similarities like the encryption and hashing with private and public keys.

In electronic banking though the bank is the certification authority.  Who is doing this in blockchain/Bitcoin?


texts: Transaction ordering when one transaction redeems another within a block

texts:
Say we have txA and txB, and txB contains an input that redeems an output from txA.

In order for a block containing both txA and txB to be valid, is it necessary that txB be after txA in the list of transactions for that block?


texts: Generating additional change addresses manually in Electrum

texts:
So I have an offline wallet created with Electrum. When signing transactions on the cold storage machine, I would like to be able to check that the address I'm sending the change to is actually a change address I own, however since Electrum is offline it's not up-to-date with which addresses have been used, and so the next change address that is used in the transaction hasn't actually been created yet.

For receiving addresses, I was able to manually create these addresses by running:

>> wallet.storage.put('gap_limit', 50)
>> wallet.storage.write()

in the console, which generates 50 rx addresses worth of keys.

However, this only generates receiving addresses, and I have funds in change addresses beyond the 6 that are generated by default. Unfortunately I haven't found how to increase this gap limit for change addresses. I've tried looking through the electrum source but haven't found anything that would let me change this.


texts: How does createrawtransaction get the pubkey hash from the provided address?

texts:
The createrawtransaction RPC takes as parameters the source TX ID and the UTXO index (to create the new unsigned input) and the destination address and amount of bitcoins (to create the new output).

In the output created, the scriptPubKey is a standard P2PKH script containing the pubkey hash. What I don't understand is...if createrawtransaction only received the address, how did it get the pubkey hash from it?

I understand that going from the pubkey hash to the address is pretty easy:

[PubKey Hash] -> Add network bytes -> SHA-256 -> SHA-256 -> checksum -> Base58Check -> [BTC Address]

So how does createrawtransaction go the other way from BTC Address -> PubKey Hash?

To show this, you can follow my steps using this web based interface of Bitcoin API:

http://chainquery.com/bitcoin-api/createrawtransaction

In that page, let's use this transaction for the Outpoints

f0f5ad66b8c09a8b5ec5a379439281a32fc446e0185c3b1b854880d3dc49d065

and output index 3

Now, for the Outputs, use this address

183XLwHyKJGCD9Dj9Pafv2zoqfiXWd5WMZ

and put 0.00159468 as the amount of BTC.

Click Execute Command and you should get this result

{
"result": "020000000165d049dcd38048851b3b5c18e046c42fa381924379a3c55e8b9ac0b866adf5f00300000000ffffffff01ec6e0200000000001976a9144d430ac5863757f5dc45f475d7cd2ccf43cf784588ac00000000",
"error": null,
"id": null

}

Now, let's decode this transaction with decoderawtransaction RPC

http://chainquery.com/bitcoin-api/decoderawtransaction

Just put there the "result" field value you got from the previous response. Click Execute Command and you'll get the raw transaction

{
"result": {
    "txid": "8d02780fbd265fdeaf08195b5488fc309270a8ff9d23043d0dfc9a0d8599a01c",
    "hash": "8d02780fbd265fdeaf08195b5488fc309270a8ff9d23043d0dfc9a0d8599a01c",
    "version": 2,
    "size": 85,
    "vsize": 85,
    "locktime": 0,
    "vin": [
        {
            "txid": "f0f5ad66b8c09a8b5ec5a379439281a32fc446e0185c3b1b854880d3dc49d065",
            "vout": 3,
            "scriptSig": {
                "asm": "",
                "hex": ""
            },
            "sequence": 4294967295
        }
    ],
    "vout": [
        {
            "value": 0.00159468,
            "n": 0,
            "scriptPubKey": {
                "asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 4d430ac5863757f5dc45f475d7cd2ccf43cf7845 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
                "hex": "76a9144d430ac5863757f5dc45f475d7cd2ccf43cf784588ac",
                "reqSigs": 1,
                "type": "pubkeyhash",
                "addresses": [
                    "183XLwHyKJGCD9Dj9Pafv2zoqfiXWd5WMZ"
                ]
            }
        }
    ]
},
"error": null,
"id": null

}

If you see the scriptPubKey script, i.e.

OP_DUP OP_HASH160 4d430ac5863757f5dc45f475d7cd2ccf43cf7845 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG

you can see the pubkey hash is there

4d430ac5863757f5dc45f475d7cd2ccf43cf7845

and this pubkey hash matches the address given as parameter in the beginning. You can verify this by pasting the pubkey hash in step #3 in this page:

http://gobittest.appspot.com/Address

and clicking Send. You should get this address

183XLwHyKJGCD9Dj9Pafv2zoqfiXWd5WMZ

in step #9.

So, my question once again...how did createrawtransaction go from the address to the pubkey hash if it didn't have the public key?


texts: How do we "exchange coins on one blockchain for those on the other"?

texts:
With Segwit and BIP-148 coming, I have been trying to figure out what's exactly gonna happen with Bitcoin after August 1, by watching videos and reading articles. One thing (among many others) confuses me ..

Some are saying that you can exchange Bitcoins on one blockchain (say, the Legacy blockchain) for Bitcoins on the other (say, the BIP-148 blockchain). I don't understand how this can be done. I actually don't think that this would be possible. This is my reasoning:

Say I have 20 BTC on the (Legacy) blockchain before August 1. Now, August 1 arrives, and we have a BIP-148 soft fork. Now, I have 20 BTC on both, the Legacy blockchain and the BIP-148 blockchain. Now, to "exchange Bitcoins on one blockchain for other" (or for any other transfer), I have to make a transaction - a send or a receive.

Suppose, I send 15 BTC to some person P. This transaction will be broadcast to all the nodes/miners in the network, irrespective of the fact whether that node/miner runs BIP-148 software or not. If:

A BIP-148 miner solves the transaction first: That block will be attached to both the blockchains. The Legacy miner will stop trying to solve that transaction.
A Legacy miner solves the transaction first: The block will be attached to the Legacy blockchain, and all the BIP-148 nodes will reject this block. But, BIP-148 miners still have this transaction in their mempool. They will keep on trying to solve it and eventually will solve it.

In both of the above cases, the BTC balance of both myself and person P is the same in both the blockchains.

The only way, it seems to me, to have different balances for a particular account (public key), is, if someone tries to do double-spending. (I have arrived at this conclusion after doing some analysis.)

So, how do exchange coins on one blockchain for coins on the other, reliably?


texts: What is the max length of a public note when attaching it to a bitcoin transaction using blockchain.info?

texts: What is the max length of a public note when using this feature on blockchain.info?


texts: What is the different between full-index client to full node?

texts:
I've read in "Mastering bitcoin" that a wallet can construct a transaction even if offline but is full-index client, I know full node is a client which holds the complete blockchain data.
is there a different between the two ?
Another question is how do I know I'm running full node? does 40giga of data in the data folder is my confirmation of running full node and having the complete blockchain on the HD ?


texts:
I'm looking at the following official test vector:
wsh(multi(1,xpub661MyMwAqRbcFW31YEwpkMuc5THy2PSt5bDMsktWQcFF8syAmRUapSCGu8ED9W6oDMSgv6Zz8idoc4a6mr8BDzTJY47LJhkJ8UB7WEGuduB/1/0/*,xpub69H7F5d8KSRgmmdJg2KhpAK8SR3DjMwAdkxj3ZuxV27CprR9LgpeyGmXUbC6wb7ERfvrnKZjXoUmmDznezpbZb7ap6r1D3tgFxHmwMkQTPH/0/0/*))

which is serialized for the first key as:
04 ; version 4
88b21e ; `xpub`
00 ; depth 0 == public key of a master key
00000000 ; parent fingerprint
00000000 ; child index
60499f801b896d83179a4374aeb7822aaeaceaa0db1f85ee3e904c4defbd9689 ; chain code
03cbcaa9c98c877a26977d00825c956a238e8dddfbd322cce4f74b0b5bd6ace4a7 ; key data
e233a252 ; base58 checksum

and the second key:
04 ; version 4
88b21e ; `xpub`
01 ; depth 1
bd16bee5 ; parent fingerprint
00000000 ; child index
f0909affaa7ee7abe5dd4e100598d4dc53cd709d5a5c2cac40e7412f232f7c9c ; chain code
02fc9e5af0ac8d9b3cecfe2a888e2117ba3d089d8585886c9c826b6b22a98d12ea ; key data
44183bfc ; base58 checksum

My question is for example for the second key: is the depth connected with the appended tail /0/0/*? If it is, shouldn't it be 2 instead of 1? Can depth be restored from the appended tail?

Why is the child index zero for the second key? Should it not be equal to the number that corresponds to the star. Can a child index be restored from the appended tail /0/0/*?


texts: How will the migration tool from a Bitcoin Core legacy wallet to a descriptor wallet work?

texts:
In this Andrew Chow blog post on what's coming to the Bitcoin Core wallet in 0.21 he states:

It is, and will be, possible to take an existing Legacy Wallet, and make a Descriptor Wallet which exactly matches it. There will be tooling that allows users to do this. Even after the removal of Legacy Wallets and Berkeley DB, it will be possible to migrate Legacy Wallets to Descriptor Wallets through the use of a minimally dependent migration tool.

How will this migration tool work? How can the descriptor wallet obtain the descriptor from the legacy wallet given that the legacy wallet doesn't know what a descriptor is?


texts: Do I need to keep all blocks when running Bitcoin Core?

texts: Do I need to keep all blocks, from block 0 up to the current one, when running Bitcoin Core, either as a full node or not? Or can I just keep the more recent blocks to save space?


texts: Number of main chain in a blockchain network

texts: I just have a very basic doubt. Suppose there's a public blockchain network like Bitcoin comprising several nodes. Would it be possible that this network consists of multiple mainchains??I am not talking about the situation where orphan nodes are created. My situation is say, there are 4 txns T1,T2,T3,T4. Now for each of these transactions, would there be 4 separate main chain for each transaction or one single mainblockchain which comprises these transactions in same/diff blocks that might have got generated after from the beginning of the genesis block.


texts:
From the Bitcoin wiki's Protocol Specification page:

getdata
getdata is used in response to inv, to retrieve the content of a specific object, and is usually sent after receiving an inv packet, after filtering known elements. It can be used to retrieve transactions, but only if they are in the memory pool or relay set - arbitrary access to transactions in the chain is not allowed to avoid having clients start to depend on nodes having full transaction indexes (which modern nodes do not).
Payload (maximum payload length: 1.8 Megabytes or 50000 entries)

I see the point in the code where the client enforces the 50000 entry limit. But where does it limit how large the payload is? It's not the send limit, that's 1 MiB. (by default) It's not the receive limit, that's 5 MiB.
Is the wiki wrong?


texts: Struggling to successfully broadcast a p2pkh transaction


texts: How can we be sure that Open Coin would not create more than 100 billion XRP?

texts:
ripple server code is still private and beta.

There is no legality preventing Open Coin to print more XRP now as it is a private company and the network is not at a stage where it is wide scale distributed like bitcoin for consensus process to have any meaning in this aspect.


texts: transaction limits with bitcoinj library

texts:
After brief look into bitcoinj library, I found out that wallet class keeps all transactions in one big hash map. That make me think about transaction limits of this library. How many transaction can I make with multibit wallet on computer with just 1 gig of RAM ?

I noticed that there is BlockStore implementation for Postgres and other SQL servers but seems to me it's only for mem pool transactions. Wallet transaction are all in memory and saved into .wallet file.


texts: How to set up a node on Testnet of Lightning network on the world map

texts:
I am currently having problems posting my node on the "World Map." I can see my node on the "Force Map" on this site.
Can anyone tell me how to enter the public IP so that it can be seen on the "World Map"?
My node is currently showing the pubkey but not the public IP.

Can anyone help me with steps of how to enter the IP of my node?


texts: If everyone has a copy of the block chain, how much space does it take?

texts: Since every wallet program has the entire block chain info. How much space does the block chain take? And what prevents it from growing too big where we would run out of space?


texts: What happens if you send BTC to a testnet address?

texts: What happens if you send real Bitcoins to a testnet address?


texts: Why does a same transaction signed separately have different witness values?


texts: What’s the opcode sequence for doing the reverse of Multisig?

texts:
With a multisig wallet, several public keys are needed to spend an amount. But how to perform the reverse with time ?

I’m talking about this case where Alice performs a transaction where the output is sent to both Bob and Victor. With one point : Bob will be able to spend the transaction output immediately while Victor will only be able to do it after waiting some time if Bob didn’t spend it before Victor is allowed to do so.
It doesn’t matter if Bob is still able to spend the output after Victor can. However Alice can’t get the public keys from Bob and Victor but only their address.

I’m thinking about something using OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY or CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY or nLockTime but I definitely fail to think about what the whole Opcode sequence might looks like.


texts: Proof of work: optimal number of transactions?

texts:
I've been struggling with this Q for a while: My initial understanding was that miners start to work on PoW for new block immediately after the previous round's block is confirmed. My Q is this:  given how the SHA-256 works, we know that each new transaction added to a block that is being worked on will change the hash in a apparently random way.  To me this means, that every time a new transaction is added to the block that the PoW process of "guessing" the nonce needs to restart.

Given that the probability of finding the correct nonce will be marginally higher if you've already tested thousands of nonces for a given merkle root, at some point, is there an optimal number of transactions in a block, after which a miner would be better off not accepting new transactions to a block?

I recognize that this Q may reflect a fundamental misunderstanding of the PoW, so any guidance is very welcome.

Thanks,


texts:
My bitcoin.conf file has the following lines:

rpcallowip=127.0.0.1
rpcallowip=192.168.*.*

But I'm getting this error:

  Error: Invalid -rpcallowip subnet specification: 192.168.*. Valid are a single IP (e.g. 1.2.3.4), a network/netmask (e.g.
  1.2.3.4/255.255.255.0) or a network/CIDR (e.g. 1.2.3.4/24).

How do I allow an IP range as I did before?


texts:
I've a problem with the callback.
The post data is not right, because the users cents is not update.

My Code:

    public function bitcoin($secret) {
        if($secret == App::Config(ROW_CONFIG_COINBASE_SC)) {
            if($_POST) {
                $total = User::Get($_POST["custom"], FIELD_USERS_CENT) + $_POST["total_native"];
                User::Set($_POST["custom"], FIELD_USERS_CENT, $total);
            }
        } else {
            die("error");
        }
    }

the post data:

{
    "order {
        "total_btc":{"cents":269800,"currency_iso":"BTC"},
        "total_native":{"cents":100,"currency_iso":"EUR"},
        "total_payout":{"cents":0,"currency_iso":"USD"},
    }
}


texts: Check txout against the circulating supply instread of MAX_MONEY

texts:
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/aaaaad6ac95b402fe18d019d67897ced6b316ee0/src/consensus/tx_check.cpp#L27

If txout.nValue is more than the circulating supply and less than MAX_MONEY, CheckTransaction would return true.

Why not check txout.nValue against the circulating supply? and if it is above then just return false at that point.


texts: Crypto-Trader.com Shut down. Did I loose all my Coins?

texts: The Exchange Crypto-Trader shut down sometime I believe in 2015. I was never notified by the shutdown. There are reports out there that they sent all their users an e-mail giving 48 hours to withdraw their coins however I never received shut e-mail and never withdrew. At this point is there anything I could do?


texts: Is the dust output limit the same for p2wpkh and p2wsh?

texts:
I've seen mentioned in a few places that the dust limit for an output to be considered standard is minRelayTxFee*3. Based on this, I would expect the dust limit for a p2wsh output to be larger than for a p2wpkh, since CTxOut for p2wsh is larger (43 bytes versus 31 bytes).

However, when I look at the code in policy.cpp, it seems to only care about whether the output follows a witness program, and not whether it is p2wpkh or p2wsh. So does that mean the dust limit for a p2wsh output is also 294 satoshis?


texts: When to worry about 1-confirmation payments

texts:
A customer sends me a payment for some digital good at my service, where delayed delivery is a deal-breaker, so I only wait for 1 confirmation by the network before releasing the links for the purchased digital item.

The prices of these itemsrange from 0,0001 XBT to 50 XBT.

I do realize that I should probably configure my service to wait for more confirmations for more expensive items, and taken that the current reward for the miners for a new block is 25 XBT would it be safe to assume that no hacker will have any incentive from performing an attack the new block (that contains the transactions that paid for the digital items from my store) when the sum of value of the total items I have sold that have 0-confirmed payments is smaller than 25 XBT?

Likewise, would 2 confirmations (total miner reward: 2 x 25 XBT) be considered as a safe threshold for items that cost 50 XBT?


texts: What is the difference between BitCoin, Bitcoin, and bitcoin?

texts: I've seen several capitalizations of the term "bitcoin". What do all these mean?


texts: using rpccookiefile instead of username and password for antminers

texts: I mine using username and password at the moment but as bitcoin core is changing over to rpccookiefile. My question is, if i use rpccookiefile how do i point my antminers to my local bitcoind 'pool' as the fields on the antminers require username and password ?


texts: How doesn't the most powerful miner get the block reward everytime?

texts: My understanding is that miners try several values for a nonce until the hash of the nonce and the data is of a certain format. However assuming that all miners start the nonce counter from the same number then that would mean the miner that is going to find the correct nonce is simply the one that can hash the fastest. Which should always be the same miner. What am I missing here?


texts: HyperLedger Fabric from IBM is fork of Tangle or Etherium?

texts:
I read as if HL Fabric was the most interesting thing ever created on the use of blockchain, but when I read the documentation (very short) about Hyperledger Fabric I came across some coincidences.

the install is very common:
https://github.com/hyperledger/hyperledger

but the documentation mentions "tangle":
https://github.com/hyperledger

but the blog documentation:
https://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
is equal Ether documentation:
https://ethdocs.org/en/latest/ether.html

Does anyone know of any tool that I can compare the code of 3?


texts: Some newbie questions about bitcoin transactions and anonymity

texts:
I am totally new to the Bitcoin thing and have installed Electrum yesterday after having read a lot of reviews on different local wallet options. I am not really planning to use it yet, but I want to learn the thechnology.

I am still a little confused regarding some things. The questions are below.

1) After having installed Electrum I go to the Recieving tab in the GUI. There I can see some different addresses. Can I publish them all to the public to get payments?

2) Are these addresses static? That is, will I have these addresses forever to receive payments and I guess multiple people can insert bitcoins multiple times to the same address?

3) Actually, from an anonymity perspective, what is the difference between having several receiving addresses in one wallet to get payments and multiple wallets with one address each?

4) If one would be totally anonymous when getting and making payments (let´s say person A will get payment from B and then A will pay C), is this a correct way to do it and still become anonymous:

   a) install a local wallet with `tor` support (Electrum for instance)
   b) connect to the `tor` network and give one of the receiving addresses to person B
      so he or she can make the payment
   c) Go to the Send tab and send to person C.
   When the transactions are done, close the wallet and disconnect from tor


texts: Trying to upgrade. I can open my wallet in Multibit classic without entering a password. I have never needed a password to open it and don't remember ever setting one up. I certainly have none recorded. But I can't export a key without entering a password. I tried sending the contents of the wallet to a new wallet in Multibit-HD but I don't know how much to send to allow for the transaction fee. There does not seem to be an "empty wallet" option.


texts: Is there any point attempting to vote when my hash power is so marginal?

texts:
With regards to /P2SH/, is there even much point in voting with 500MHash or so of hashing power given that the chances of finding a block within the voting timeframe is incredibly slim? Not to mention that my vote will be shadowed out by miners with larger operations.

Is the voting system unfair in this sense? Or if I want my vote to count for more should I just be piling on more MHash to show a greater support of the network? (as in, people with more MHash are entitled to more votes because they help support the network more than I do?)


texts: Is there an escrow-like mechanism that doesn't involve a trusted 3rd party?

texts:
We know that escrow mechanisms are easy to implement when it involves a trusted 3rd party. For example if A and B don't trust each other they can simply send their goods to C whom they both trust. Then C can distribute the goods to them fairly.

However, is there a primitive that achieves the same when there isn't a trusted 3rd party? Basically, A and B don't trust each other and they want to exchange something. Can they do this without involving any trusted party?


texts: How is the network hash rate calculated?

texts:
Miners work on finding blocks but don't sent anything until they find the block.

Considering that, how can sites like bitcoincharts.com display a graph of the network hash rate?


texts: How does the 12 keyword back phrase works and how does it allow the creation of infinite number wallet address across multiple cryptocoins?

texts:
I wonder how crypto wallet like BitPay works?

They claim to be an offline wallet that you can back up with simply a 12 words phrase. Yet, they allow you to create an infinite number of wallets across multiple coins like BTC, BCH, ETH, XRP ...

How does such wallet keep track of the created addresses without relying on an external 3rd party server and how it uses to the 12-word phrase to access the private key of each and all of these created wallets?


texts: Is it possible to identify exact GPU type using miner's log file?

texts:
In the miners (sgminer) log file I have the following lines:

[21:14:19] ADL index 0, id -546853344 - BIOS partno.: 113-C3865001-T04, version: 015.041.000.000.000000, date: 11/25/13 02:47
[21:14:19] GPU 0 assigned: iAdapterIndex:0 iPresent:1 strUDID:256:26520:4098:12289:5963 iBusNumber:1 iDeviceNumber:0 iDrvIndex:0 iFunctionNumber:0 iVendorID:4098 name:AMD Radeon R9 200 Series

Can I use the information above to identify the exact GPU type? It's clear about the AMD Radeon R9 200 Series family, but I need the exact type also.

Is there any database I can use?


texts: What are the pros/cons of changing the targeting interval (difficulty)?

texts:
BitShares is looking at using a target that changes every 24 hours.  This is a drastic difference from Bitcoin's current interval of 2 weeks.

What are the security implications that occur when lowering/raising the interval retarget interval?

What attack scenarios does a too-low retargeting interval allow for?


texts: How does my bitcoin node know that a node it connects to is running the same version of the protocol?

texts: As stated in the title. How do I know that when my node gets data from, or sends data to another node, that this other node is on the same version of the protocol? What prevents my node and their node from getting confused and communicating data between different versions of the network?


texts: What does the main_chain value returned by blockchain.info mean?

texts:
What does it mean that for bitcoin block to be on the Main Chain? What other chains are there? Is this as opposed to testnet?

This is regarding the main_chain value in the blockchain.info api here:  https://blockchain.info/api/blockchain_api


texts:
I'm trying to create a channel using c-lighting (testnet), but I keep getting an Unknown Peer error message.

I used cli/lightning-cli connect which seemed to work fine.
I used cli/lightning-cli listnodes and I see whole bunch of nodes.
I used cli/lightning-cli listpeers and I see 1 peer.
I used cli/lightning-cli newaddr to create a new address and funded it (3 confirms so far)
I then try to use cli/lightning-cli fundchannel and I get an Unknown Peer message.


texts: What is the purpose of the block time/ difficulty in mining?

texts: I understand the point of mining is to decentralize away from allowing one entity to add to the ledger. What I don't understand is why it's necessary for miners to compete over who gets to add to the ledger. Why can't a random miner just be selected instantly and therefore bypass any block time? It would be just as random. What am I missing here?


texts: Bitcoin block database lost after stopping bitcoind

texts:
Im very new with bitcoin and trying to start full node server with bitcoin core on ubuntu server.
The problem I have that to download all the blocks it takes several days and when I try to interrupt with kill -19 or kill -9 the database is gone and I have to run it from beginning.
Can someone please help me ? I use cli only
thanks in advance


texts: Can ECDH peers waste each other's time at will?

texts: Peter Dettman notes that ECDH peers can waste each other's time at will. What does he mean? Can this be weaponized against Lightning nodes?


texts: Is it accurate to refer to Bitcoin as "money"?

texts: For example, would it be considered right if I said "I already gave you the money, Bob!" when I gave him Bitcoin?


texts: How to exchange small amounts of dogecoin to bitcoin?

texts:
I want to convert a small amount of dogecoin (about 200D) to BTC. However, I've noticed that the withdrawal fees on all exchanges are more the amount of bitcoin I will have.
Is there no way of exchanging small amounts with a fee I can pay?

Thanks,
part12


texts: High performance, private, redundant blockchain without miners

texts:
I am looking for a blockchain platform where I have the following properties:

number of transactions are > 500 000 / day
data volume is high so that we cannot store all of the data on all nodes
replication factor should be tuneable for each transaction (3-10)
data is stored in each transaction (not only the hash of the data)
it can host many different blockchains (like database tables)
these blockchains can be replicated to different clusters (multiple datacenter support)
search is a first class citizen in this product (the content is indexed)
data replication can be tuned so that 3rd parties get only the transactions and the hash of data or full access (including the data)

Not sure if such a system exists today. I am aware of the following projects that might be able to deliver these properties with modifications:

https://iota.org/
https://hashgraph.com/

I would appreciate if somebody would point me to the right direction.


texts: What are the most popular CPU/GPU miners with scrypt-jane support

texts: There are a few github projects, but it doesn't look as though there's a 'mainstream' option with good support for varying protocol. Is there any one most popular?


texts: Regtest not paying address in mined block

texts:
I have set up a local 5 node bitcoind regtest network with unique ports using compiled bitcoin core 14.2. I can generate blocks, send transactions between nodes, and mine those transactions using a python miner that I constructed. However, the payout for mining always goes to the node that I last generated 101 blocks and not to the address in the minded block for the node I am using to mine.  I have verified that the correct address is included in the mined block and have started to look at the bitcoid code to see what might be happening on that side of the equation. When I spin up the 5 nodes I am using the same binary but with different command line config params.

I am new to bitcoin and have been doing this for the past two months to learn how it works.  I've tried researching this problem and so far nothing has turned up and I will continue to debug the miner and core.  In the meantime, I would greatly appreciate if anyone has any suggestions about what could be going on and how to address it.

Thanks,
:D


texts: Why does my withdrawal fee not match the transaction fee I'm seeing on a block explorer website?

texts:
Sent ~$7 worth of BTC from a Coinbase wallet, to a cold wallet. Coinbase charged a ~$2 "network fee".
Make sense so far, but the transaction listed on blockchain.com shows a magnitudes larger fee: ~$80
The receiving cold wallet app shows the $7 received and also displays the ~$80 fee, in its confirmed transaction history.

Who paid that fee ?
Why would they do that and how does it make sense on a small transaction ?
Where did the $2 fee go and why is it not listed anywhere on the blockchain transaction ?


texts:
A Bitcoin paper wallet contains a pair keys: public key (address used to receive coins) and private key (allows to spend coins stored at that address).

Those keys are printed in a form of QR-codes so that everybody can quickly scan them and add the keys to a software wallet to make a transaction.

Now, if I lose my Bitcoin paper wallet, someone who finds it, is he able to spend my coins by scanning QR-codes ? And if yes, is this type of wallet secure ?


texts:
Is there any LiteCoin binary precompiled for Linux?

I would prefer staticaly linked but would also dynamicaly linked a try.

A plus is given for a .deb archive, two pluses for a ppa or other possibility to integrate it into ubuntu 11.10 packagemanagement.


texts: Is the generator G of the keypair always the same number for all different tx messages in Bitcoin?

texts: If so, what is that number and why can't you divide the public key by G to obtain the private key?


texts:
Here is a scenario someone posed to me and I'd like to check the answer:

If I send a transaction that gets orphaned and I then issue another transaction from the same address (but include a fee) and this second transaction gets added to the block chain (I have >no reason to see why it wouldn't....there's a good chance other nodes wouldn't even know >about the orphaned block as it may not have been relayed. Can the first transaction be put in a block? When does the transaction get time stamped?
I presumed the answer is that the original transaction will become invalid as it would not be confirmable.  Also, during the orphaned period, the private key could be imported to another >wallet and another transaction issued from that address (AFAIK, no wallet will intentionally >let you construct double spends).


texts: Bitcoind 0.5.3 stuck at block 364,670 - what to do?

texts:
I compiled bitcoind using the same steps as last year. In particular I set DB_CONFIG:

set_lg_dir database
set_lk_max_locks 537000

Unfortunately once I hit block 364,670 (2015-07-10) I'm treated with:

EXCEPTION: 11DbException
Db::put: Cannot allocate memory
bitcoin in ProcessMessage()

I tried raising set_lk_max_locks to 1000000 but that didn't help. This happens immediately when restarting the node, so it doensn't seem to be a RAM issue.

The ~/.bitcoin/database looks rather large, assuming this is the equivalent of todays ~/.bitcoin/chainstate and ``~/.bitcoin/blocks/index`.

$ du -s ~/.bitcoin
92047404 # 88 GB
$ du -s ~/.bitcoin/database
42169668 # 41 GB

How can I get the synchronization to continue?


texts: Jaxx and Exodus wallet out of sync for BTC

texts:
I was using both Jaxx wallet and Exodus in parallel using the same passphrase.
However my Jaxx wallet was configured to generate a new address on every transaction and Exodus wallet had a fixed receive address.
I received 'x' amount of BTC to my exodus wallet address. Then I sent some 'y' BTC to a friend using the same Exodus wallet.
The send transaction is showing correctly in my Jaxxx wallet but I do not see the receive transactions in my Jaxx wallet. It is showing balance as 0. However, the balance is showing correctly in Exodus wallet.
How do I get the balance to show up correctly in Jaxx wallet? I tried deleting the app and setting it up again but its still showing 0 balance.


texts: Block chain and its uses cases for a non-financial asset market

texts:
So i have been reading a lot about block chain technology and its use cases in the finance and cryptocurrecncy markets. One thing that guarantees blockchain's success in the cryptocurrency market is the prevalent financial incentive for the miners to validate blocks of transactions to make it part of the public ledger (they are rewarded with bitcoins). This financial incentive is associated with a financial asset block chain and partly explains the ongoing boom in the price of Bitcoin. However, as an  economics and technology enthusiast, i am curious to learn more about the inherent incentive structure that would prevail if the block chain is for a non-financial asset (let's say it stores patient's data- a use case for blockchain in the healthcare market)? How can we incentivize miners to validate and solve pending blocks in cases where a blockchain stores a non-financial asset and therefore giving a financial incentive seems impossible?

I would appreciate any resources(articles, books etc) that you guys can share below in the comments. I look forward to doing more research. Thanks!