texts: Linux Mint: root running bitcoind on startup?

texts: Every time I start my machine, root user tries to run bitcoind. I've checked .profile and such, but there don't seem to be any answers there. what else could be making my computer try to run the daemon?


texts: How much will Segwit increase the number of transactions that can fit in each block?

texts:
How much weight would the witness data have on the total block size? What is the culminating effect of this on the number of transactions that can fit into each block?

Thanks in advance :)


texts: Is the electrum android private key secure?

texts:
I have used electrum for many years on my desktop pc, and have alway felt very secure in doing so because of my ability to use a very strong password to encrypt my seed phrase with. However I just started using the android version and have some concerns.

The android version requires me to select a PIN but it is only 6 digits long? How does the android version of electrum ensure that this tiny keyspace (1 million) stays secure?


texts: Is mining difficulty leveling out (Spring 2015)? How does this affect the economics of Bitcoin?

texts:
Bitcoin mining difficulty has been through some interesting ups and downs lately. (I've supplied snapshots below to give context for future readers)

Considering its long history of pretty much only going up for years, I'm wondering what people involved with mining should think about this.

Some base questions:

What is the primary cause? Are miners leaving as new ones come it, or are new ones no longer interested?
Why are miners leaving/not starting?
If it truly is leveling, or at least resuming a slight growth pattern, how does this affect Bitcoin price in general? What about during "events" such as halving of the block reward?
In principal, should Bitcoin value be related to difficulty in a predictable way, and is this leveling something that facilitates that or not?
Lastly, does a stable difficulty help encourage Bitcoin's use in anyway? In other words, if people aren't getting into mining but are getting into Bitcoin, do they generally consider difficulty as a factor in this decision?

I'm not necessarily asking that you answer all those questions. Instead, I'm trying to show that I am interested in how an extended period of leveled and stable difficulty, as we seem to be heading into (Spring 2015), affects the economics of Bitcoin mining and use.

Here's snapshots of that page (clickable):


texts: Just realized right now how an ICO scam can be run... without transparency■■

texts:
Been doing some research on ICO (initial coin offerings) coins, assets, and companies. And I just realized right now there is nothing stopping the initial stake holders from putting in their own money or Bitcoins into the ICO and then paying themselves back with either a high salary or some other means that look legitimate.

In effect, it would make the ICO look as if it was well funded fooling everyone else into funding the project.

The only way to defeat this type of shenanigans is by having transparency and seeing where all the money came from. If one can track down where most funds are coming from we can avoid these shenanigans.

I'm sure down the line regulation will encapsulate this funding technique eventually and bust everyone that has done this. So its best to stay anonymous if anyone is doing this type of marketing tactic.

Technique seems to be:

Show a very promising technology thats on the way.
Code up something that seems like it works.
Ask for funding and give investors a higher % of return.
Show that you raised  millions of dollars to prove large stakeholders are onboard.
Pay investors back a large % of their money.
Pay yourself and your friends a large salary to get your initial funds back.
Profit.

Not a scam necessarily, but one can see it as a very smart marketing tactic. But end result is the uninformed public is left with the bag.

I wonder if all the ICO related companies or devs did this. It's very tempting i'd imagine.

The basic idea is the same as running a crowdfunding campaign where you ask for $1000, but you were only able to raise $700 and its your last day before the campaign ends. What do you do!?!? Put in your own $300 of course just to get the $700 from everyone else. Which is fine for small potatoes like that, but what if it involved millions of dollars? Is it still fair anymore? Or was the public fooled?

Now the question is which ICO's could have executed such a marketing technique to a large extent? Not naming names, its just something i recently realized of how profitable an ICO can be if executed properly.


texts: Resources for HF Trading of Bitcoin & Altcoin

texts:
I am going to write a HF trading algorithm (probably using the CCEX API) to buy sell gridcoin/altcoins.

Has anyone here got any useful resources for this? What would be the best platform to use for a beginner (CCEX API is the only one I have found)?

Related questions: Algorithmic trading python library & How to build a bitcoin trading bot?.


texts:
Bitcoin uses a Proof of Work algorithm that makes it the perfect victim of ASIC mining. As a result, it is not very decentralized (more than 50% of Bitcoin's hash power is concentrated in China and most of that is concentrated in a small area). Furthermore, considering the fact that just a handful of companies produce efficient ASIC hardware those companies essentially have complete control over the hashing power of the entire network.
Other algorithms have been developed that are memory intensive and are ASIC resistant.
Is there a reason why Bitcoin won't move to ASIC resistant algorithms (aside from the fact that it would require a hard fork)? In other words, do ASIC-prone algorithms fundamentally provide any benefit (in terms of security or scalability) over ASIC resistant algorithms?
Thanks


texts: What is the data structure of the signature cache in Bitcoin?

texts:
There is a signature cache in Bitcoin, which is used to cache the result of signature verification to avoid extra signature verification. What data is stored in the signature cache? Is it stored in the form of key-value pairs or other forms?
When a Bitcoin node performs block validation, how does it determine that the signature verification result of a transaction is already in the signature cache?


texts: Is the entire blockchain kept in memory?

texts:
Putting aside pool mining, does the Bitcoin mining program keep the entire blockchain in memory? Including transactions?
I've been reading through the original Bitcoin code and it looks like the entire chain is kept in memory. Of course that code is over 10 years old, so I'm sure it's changed quite a bit, but I'm still curious.


texts: Sending RPC-JSON Commands to Bitcoin Peers

texts: Is it possible to send some commands to Bitcoin Peers? for example decoderawtransaction command?


texts: What is criteria of mining priority except for transaction-fee?

texts:
I am reading "Mastering Bitcoin written by Andreas" and I found this explanation of mining.

  Transactions are added to the new block, prioritized by the
  highest-fee transactions first and a few other criteria.

  Source: [Mastering Bitcoins: Mining Transactions in Blocks]

I want to know what the a few other criteria are. And I want to see the source code where the system prioritizes by highest-fee transactions first and a few other criteria.

I guess that the code is in miner.cpp. But I don't understand the exact line.

https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/miner.cpp


texts: Which blk*.dat file contains a particular block?

texts:
Is there a way to find out which blk*.dat file contains a particular block?
For example, it would be useful to know which *.dat file contains block 478558, which is the point where BCH forked from BTC. As both share all the prior blocks, when running the forked node, it would save a lot of bandwith to just copy the block files from BTC to the BCH data directory and reindex them (with the -reindex option), rather than having to re-download them all over again.


texts: What is the marginal energy cost of a bitcoin transaction?

texts:
According to this web page: https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/12/bitcoins-insane-energy-consumption-explained/

...one bitcoin transaction consumes about 250 kWh of energy.

Is this the marginal energy cost of each additional transaction, or the average electricity cost of continuous mining (that would happen no matter whether there are transactions or not) divided by the relatively low transaction count?

What is the marginal energy cost of one additional bitcoin transaction? I.e. if the number of transactions would increase by one, by how much would the energy consumption of the bitcoin network increase?

Would the energy consumption of the bitcoin network double if the number of transactions doubled?

If each bitcoin transaction consumes 250 kWh, that would seem absurdly high. I do several hundred ordinary bank or card transactions per year, making the energy use about 75 000 kWh per year if I used bitcoin, which is 25 times higher than my current direct electricity use and probably still 10 times higher than my current direct and indirect electricity use combined.

Related: https://skeptics.stackexchange.com/questions/39910/does-one-transaction-on-bitcoin-require-215-kwh (I initially considered asking this on Skeptics, but they seem to have a habit of closing perfectly valid questions).


texts:
I am playing around with bitcoin mining. I have set up a full node on an ODroid C2 device. I am running Ubuntu 16.04 and Bitcoin core. That seems to be running find. It is keeping up with the block chain with no errors.

I downloaded the cpuminer source and built it without errors.

When I run it it starts up the 4 mining threads, but always gives and error that the host returned a 404 error.

I have the rpc set up and am using the correct username and password.

I am using the default ip address for localhost and the default port of 8882.

Can someone explain what I have done wrong that minerd won't connect to the local bitcoin node?


texts: As a Bitcoin Trader, what tools are available to execute trades?

texts: Looking to expand beyond using bitstamp and gox's (ok, well, that one was easy) built-in trading interfaces to something more unified and manageable. RTBTC seems to have a clean interface. What about alerts sent out when a certain price is reached? Are there any tools that track transactions for tax purposes?


texts: listunspent rpc/cli command doesn't seem to list unspent unconfirmed transactions for watch-only addresses

texts:
I am unable to list unspent unconfirmed transactions for watch-only addresses. Once the transaction gets at least 1 confirmation it gets included in the returned result.

This is the command I am running (split into multiple lines for easier comments):

bitcoin-cli
   -rpcwallet=*** # redacted wallet name
   listunspent 0 # minconf
   99999 # maxconf
   [] # addresses - empty seems to mean all
   true # include_unsafe

Documentation of include_unsafe:

  Whether this output is considered safe to spend. Unconfirmed transactions from outside keys are considered unsafe and are not eligible for spending by fundrawtransaction and sendtoaddress.

This statement makes me think that this is an actual bug. It's worth noting that for addresses generated by wallet (not watchonly) unconfirmed transactions are showing just fine...


texts: Can I spend utxos from various bip32 subwallets in only one transaction?

texts:
I want to redeem bitcoin received into several bip32 subwallets in only one transaction. Is that possible?

I've tried using pycoin's ku utility to generate a tpub and a wif from a tprv. I'm using the tpub to generate the subwallets and the wif to sign the transaction, but pycoin says the signing fails.

Is that conceptually wrong, or am I just handling the keys in the wrong way?


texts: How to apply my bitcoin address generated offline to online

texts: I think I can generate bitcoin addresses offline by JS. Can I use them directly or have to report them to somewhere so that the network knows my addresses?


texts: How do I add a multi-sig address to account to watch balance in Bitcoin CLI

texts:
I have already created a multi-sig address with funds, and I have already made transactions (2 of 4 Signatures needed). No problem.

But I want to add it to one of my accounts, or a new account, so I can watch the balance. Currently I have to use the Block Explorer to find balance and tx-information.

Do I use: importpubkey or importaddress or something else? I cannot figure out how.

The command setaccount gives me the "this address does not belong to you".


texts: SignRawTransaction - What is scriptPubKey and redeemScript? [SOLVED]

texts:
Let me talk about how I got to the situation I'm in right now. I am using PHP and the JSON library to control bitcoind. And doing so.....

I created a multisignature address requiring 2 of 3 signatures with createmultisig.

I then sent funds to the multisignature address and was able to confirm the transactions sent to this address with using getrawtransaction and decoderawtransaction.

Next, I wanted to release those funds to a specific address (because I control all the keys, this is just a test run)

So I created a raw transaction in which I entered the transaction ID that I used for one of the transactions to send funds to the multisignature wallet. I also added the desired address and amount. After this, it spit out a raw transaction hex.

My next step is to sign the raw transaction. This is where I am stuck.

The parameters for signrawtransaction are confusing to me, and I need it explained to me as if I was 5 years old.

hexstring - assuming this is the hex string that createrawtransaction spit out

transaction id - is this the transaction id from when I transferred in the amount to the multisig wallet?

scriptPubKey - no idea what this is

redeemScript - no idea what this is

I grabbed scriptPubKey and redeemScript from the transaction I used to transfer funds into the multisig wallet, but the resulting output was the exact input of the hex string, so it is obviously not signing it correctly. I am not sure what these 2 paramters are.

Can somebody please help me with this. I need it explained to me like I am retarded because none of the explanations I have read online have helped.

Thanks.

EDIT to RE: Jonathan

Here is what I have done so far.

1) Created a multisig address using 3 public keys that I generated.
I took note of the private keys as well, and the outputted multisig address (ABC) and redeemScript (redeem1)

2) Sent coins to the multisig address and by searching through the blockchain found that the transactions exist. I had multiple transaction IDs, to send to this address but I am focusing on one that I am trying to use as an output. We will call it (txid1). In txid1, when I called getrawtransaction, it also had a 46 byte hexed pubkey attached to the output, I will call that (pubkey1)

3) Next I created a raw transaction which included the paramters;

txid1, vout=0, address (address to spend to) and amount (matches the same amount transferred to the multsig address with txid1) and it spits out a hexstring, which I will call (hex1)

4) SignRawTransaction - here is where I am stuck.
The parameters it asks for are;

 [{"txid":txid,"vout":n,"scriptPubKey":hex, "redeemScript":hex},...] [,...]

So I am inputting signrawtransaction(hex1, ["txid"=>txid1, "vout"=>0, "scriptPubKey"=>pubkey1, "redeemScript"=>redeem1, array(oneofmyprivatekeys))

But the resulting output is just the hex1, without a single change to it. I am not getting any error messages, just an outputed string identical to hex1.

Can you give me an idea of what I am doing wrong? Thank you so much!


texts: Is there a short-form for addresses with seven characters length?

texts: So, I am confused about address/key length. I am aware that the length is 16-36 characters, but it seems that many people online when giving their public key use a short-form of 7 characters (being only a part of the full address) to receive coins. Also when I was first looking into Bitcoin I read something in a tutorial that mentioned this 7 character short form but I can no longer find said tutorial (was a page similar to bitcoin.com and coindesk). Does this even exist?


texts: Does mining with multiple computers add up?

texts: Let's say I have four computers, each mining bitcoins at 5 Mhash/s. Is this the same as mining bitcoins on one computer with a speed of 20 Mhash/s?


texts: Is it safe to store all my coins on Coinbase?

texts: Is it safe to store my coins (BTC & ETH) on the Coinbase platform or is it safer to download a wallet to keep them in?


texts:
Many Bitcoin mining pools offer merged mining with Namecoin, and there are places where one can buy and sell BTC for NMC and the other way around.
But, why would anyone want to own NMC? As far as I understand, browsing dot-bit domains doesn't require owning NMC.


texts:
Say that you wanted to build your own Bitcoin price ticker from scratch, and not rely on other tickers; how would you go about that?

What variables would come in to play? How would you gauge the price of the coin? Would you add multiple tickers together to get an average, or would it be standalone?

I was always interested in this but could never get my head around how websites do their own price tickers.


texts: Is there any consensus over specific improvements Bitcoin needs?

texts:
There has been some criticism from cryptography experts about the current Bitcoin algorithm(s). Now that Bitcoin has been released to the wild and everyone has had time to study it, is there any consensus for improvements that could be made to make Bitcoin better?

If it was possible to start over knowing what we know now could Bitcoin be designed any better?


texts: Can you make a profit mining with CPU/GPU?

texts:
A Radeon HD 7950 has the following hash rates:

Around 600 MH/s for Bitcoin
Around 600 KH/s for Litecoin

I used the profitability calculator at bitcoinwisdom to estimate revenue:

Bitcoin: 0.06148 USD / Month
Litecoin: 0.6661 USD / Month

Am I missing something? Less than 1 dollar per month? Is it because of the specialized mining hardware?


texts:
So, I have looked everywhere and no one seems to have this specific problem.

I have set up a e-commerce store that is accepting BTC, So far the users can only see the price of the product in USD, however, I want the user to be able to click the USD price and convert it to BTC instantly. Like you can on a blockchain.info transaction.

For example:

Blockchain transaction conversion

So far, I have only been able to display the BTC price using Blockchain API.

I want the same effect as Blockchain on my price, or atleast under it.

(Snapshots of site below to give an idea of what I want)

My images

The code I have to display the BTC price (If it helps, im a noob sorry)

<?php

  $url = "https://blockchain.info/stats?format=json";
  $stats = json_decode(file_get_contents($url), true);

  echo $stats['market_price_usd'];

  ?>

Price display:

$200.50


texts:
Looking in transaction https://blockchain.info/it/tx/ecd1a64432367a1962eadd90ec12cfb6c5f6920075b10a62dbda7488c5688e44 i see strange output address like this: bc1q8r0m7ymhf2smspeqgzwj79e89kvmgwqasg5glskugrrzc7qv57tq2e6sjf

what kind are?


texts: How to get bitcoin wallet name from bitcoin address

texts: In http://bitcoinwhoswho.com/ , we can find wallet name from bitcoin address, how do they do so? Is there any signature of wallet name in bitcoin address or in transaction id?


texts: Ethereum: Cannot use master password on Ethereum wallet

texts:
Ethereum. I love the ideas behind it and it's exciting and such... but damn if this isn't the most user unfriendly thing I've ever seen?!

So a while ago, with a view to begin mining ETH on my GPU, I installed Alethzero onto my Windows machine.

Why? Who the hell knows... I waded through a billion overly technical FAQs and got very confused over the twenty-something different versions of what appear to be the same software in different guises, and just went with what eventually worked.

So, when running Alethzero for the first time I was asked to create a master password. I did this, and am still able to access the software with the same password.

I did eventually get mining and all is well...

However, I'd really like some user friendly wallet software that I can actually understand, not dissimilar to the Bitcoin Core client.
Today I came across the (official?) Ethereum wallet Ðapp.

It looks beautiful... I installed, synched and there we are. Accounts, wallets (not certain of the distinction here, but sure, wallets are like... apps, that are a facade for your accounts? Or something?), all with a nice GUI.

Now, as far as I can tell, the wallet is using the same software behind the scenes as Alethzero... right?
If I look in the roaming folder I can see that it's created a file in the keystore folder, alongside one I assume was created by Alethzero.

My issue is this:
I can't send any transactions from the wallet Ðapp, as the password is not accepted.

Now, I never created a password for the wallet Ðapp... indeed the only time I've created a password, was the master password I used in Alethzero. This is not accepeted in the Ðapp, but still works in Alethzero.

I assumed they were using the same data... presumably if I create an account in Alethzero, I will see it in the Ðapp? Is that right?
So, why am I unable to do anything in the Ðapp without a password that is either not being accepted, or has never been created?


texts: How could the dogecoin increase the limit of money supply?

texts: As far as I know, Dogecoin will only have 100,000,000,000 coins in total. But how can the supply of coins remain uncapped? How could it produce unlimited dogecoins? Is there any specific skill to make the block provide unlimited coins?


texts: How do I solo mine my own modified altcoin

texts:
I forked DASH a week ago. I am able to generate genesis block hash, merkle hash. I created one VM (ubuntu 16.04) for rpc server. Another one VM For mining. I am able to establish connetion between two VMS's. But when I want to mine genesis block. I cant able to do so and I get the following error.

Launching miner...

[2018-08-09 12:03:38] Binding thread 2 to cpu 2
[2018-08-09 12:03:38] Binding thread 3 to cpu 3
[2018-08-09 12:03:38] Binding thread 1 to cpu 1
[2018-08-09 12:03:38] Binding thread 0 to cpu 0
[2018-08-09 12:03:38] 4 miner threads started, using 'X11' algorithm.
[2018-08-09 12:03:38] HTTP request failed: Failed to connect to
192.168.0.105 port 80: Connection refused
[2018-08-09 12:03:38] json_rpc_call failed, retry after 30 seconds

I am currently trying to mine using ("minerd") provided by dash. Could anyone please help on how to solo mine using minerd or anyother app.

My Configuration for miner VM. (sampcoin.conf)

addnode=192.168.0.105

My Configuration for RPC VM. (sampcoin.conf)

server=1
rpcuser=user
rpcpassword=password
listen=1
daemon=1

My Altcoin creation method based on this tutorial (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDGxGYvkDEE)


texts: I did withdrawal my BTC's 4 days ago and it is still pending. Is it normal that it takes so long? How much longer must I wait?


texts:
How a web-service like bitnode.earn can know each node's blockchain height?

We can get some information of each node in bitcoin network in this web-site:
https://bitnodes.earn.com/nodes/

And, it is updated regularly(in approximately every 5 minutes).

My question is from here.
How(the method) the web-service can get all the information from all the nodes in the network? They ask those information to all nodes in every 5 minutes? Doesn't it take quite long time to get the responses from all the nodes(about 10K nodes in the network)?
Also, doesn't it required to be in peer-relationship with all of them to request those information?

I'm waiting any answer from you guys.
Thank you in advance for your nice answer!


texts: LTC source code cloning to a new cryptocurrency?

texts:
How do I edit the code to make my own currency, while changing the name?

Hey, I have downloaded LTC source code from its official github link. I want to create my own cryptocurrency identical to LTC, I might add some features later on, but for now it's not an issue. I am not a python programmer, and I have looked around to see if there was any tutorial on making a cryptocurrency by editing code.

Which file is the code for wallet? How can I make my own cryptocurrency's wallet identical to most popular LTC(or BTC) wallets?

How do I sell my cryptocurrency?

Let's say the coin's max supply is 50 million. When I create the currency how many coins should already be on the market? The purpose of my crytocurrency is to let people exchange money completely anonymously and secure in my country. Do websites(which sell cryptocurrency) have their own special wallet when they sell some currencies for dollars? Also do they sell the total tokens that they own as a company? Would they ever run out of tokens? How do they supply them?

When I make my own cryptocurrency, to make it more useful&convenient and popular I want people to be able to sell them whenever they want to in turn of my country's own currency (like dollars for example). How do I make that happen? Are there companies which would pay for it? I know I can submit my currency to exchange website and let people turn it into BTC then sell it for real money, but I want to sell it directly for real money. How do I accomplish it?

When the coins first get published, what are the factors which will be effective on deciding its price in the first place? How does it get decided? Does the founder decide it? How was LTCs or BTCs price was determined?


texts:
I want to test if a service can manage a blockchain fork. However there is no way to get bitcoind to create test forks under the regtest mode. I've tried modifying it to generate blocks with arbitrary prevblock hashes but it is not easy due to the high code complexity. I've managed to get it to create forks on-top of earlier blocks, however, I can't get it to generate blocks for conflicting transactions (double-spends and malleability changes), largely due to all of the "pruning" code. Surely someone has already come up with a solution, as this is a vital thing to test? I can't find anything on-line to help with testing fork scenarios.

I'm thinking that perhaps I should have used another technique? That I should have run 3 bitcoind regtest nodes and isolate them so that I can create multiple blockchains. 2 of them generate competing chains, and the other interfaces with the application. I can generate a fork scenario with the first two nodes, sync one of the nodes to the 3rd node and then sync the other node to generate the fork? I'd need to use a combination of addnode and tcpkill (?) to sync and then re-isolate the nodes.

This seems a ridiculous thing to do to test something so simple, so is there a better way?


texts:
I created a bitcoin wallet on blockchain.info From my understanding, if I lose my account or if blockchain.info stops offering a wallet service (this probably wont happen, but just for the sake of my curiosity, lets pretend it does)I can use my recovery phrase to get my bitcoins to another wallet. How would I do it? Is this phrase the same as a private key? If not can I convert this phrase to a private key? Also, I have two wallets under my blockchain.info account, would the phrase recover both wallet's bitcoins or would it just merge all bitcoins into one wallet? Would I still use the same recovery sentence in case the same issue happens again?

Oh and by the way, I read somewhere that there are different wallets or phrases (BIP39, BIP32/44 or something like that) can someone explain that aswell?


texts: How would a P2P "Collective Transaction" be implemented (to increase privacy)

texts:
In this thread, Luke Jr mentioned Collective Transactions would be a way for clients to increase anonymity when issuing transactions.

How would such an implementation work?

(Please provide technical details or references as available)


texts: Blockchain.info transaction unconfirmed for several days

texts:
I swept a paperwallet to blockchain.info and the transaction has been unconfirmed for several days...it looks like it was sent in multiple tiny transactions. Has anyone seen anything like this before?

https://blockchain.info/tx/e34097f257af3f91b7874f33ad0b4bb2f5980d35ba6f8e7ca38148c084d4656c


texts: I have started mining with BitMinter.com and am nearing a complete bitcoin. I have searched for hours for my account/wallet address so I can move bitcoins from BitMinter to an exchange. I can't seem to find that, or any way to sell any bitcoins I have worked for. How do I get my bitcoin from BitMinter to somewhere like fastcash4bitcoins.com?


texts: Can I download the whole block chain from somewhere?

texts:
Every time I turn on the Bitcoin client it takes days to catch up with the block chain.

Are there alternatives to getting it trickling through the peer-to-peer network? Can I just download it somewhere? Wouldn't this be ideal for distribution via BitTorrent?

If so, how do I import it into the Bitcoin client?

My client would still be validating this data (can it?), and it is all signed and proof-of-worked, so there is no real security problem here, is there?


texts:
At blockchain.info there is a tool to report strange transactions. It is reported that

  Transactions containing outputs from which we were unable to decode a bitcoin address

According to the above statement"

How does the verification work?
Are there any patterns that strange transactions follow?


texts: Colored coin adds meta data to OP_RETURN. Why isn't this frowned upon?

texts:
It seems that adding data to OP_RETURN is frowned upon and considered as bloating the blockchain.

Blockchain.info wallet also had a short stint where users could include data into the OP_RETURN field before it was pulled.

I like that fact that this field exists but can also understand the arguments against putting random data in there.

Coloredcoin makes extensive use of OP_RETURN so does this mean that coloredcoin's actions are frowned upon by the community? Don't they set a precedent?


texts: Is there a way to index transactions so that filterload commands can be answered without iterating through all transactions in a block?

texts:
Some SPV clients use the filterload command to only receive transactions to involving addresses in their wallet. Doing this takes the remote node linear time (with respect to the number of transactions in the block), which seems suboptimal.

Could we index transactions somehow so that we can answer these queries in faster than linear complexity? It seems possible, but I'm not sure how to go about it, especially in the presence of nTweak.


texts: I sent bitcoin to the same address a second time, how can I recover it?

texts: I accidentally sent $28 in bitcoin to this address 32o7Pt42rsUFupN9sNLYJdQc6MNji5rANg a second time, and it never posted to the account to which I intended to send it. I have found the transaction in the Block Explorer, it has been confirmed 611 times. Now I am wondering how I may be able to get that bitcoin back in my possession. Can anyone help?


texts: 90% confidence interval for mining a block?

texts:
I did some math and found that the 90% confidence interval for bitcoin blocks is that the block will take less than 1381.6 seconds. I used the calculation ln(10)*600 with 10 being used because a 90% confidence interval means one in ten blocks are expected to fall outside of this range. Could this be considered a 90% confidence interval?
Note: this could change if the difficulty is expected to rise or drop. If block time is 576 seconds, for example, it becomes a 91% confidence interval. In practice this changes a lot once the difficulty adjustment has passed.


texts: Not sure where some of my transaction went

texts:
I just made a transaction of 61.80 Euros, but it charged me 88.01, And I'm not sure why.
Some background: I'm using a service called HodlHodl to turn my mined bitcoin into money. I use Electrum as my wallet.
This is the transaction, if it helps:
https://www.blockchain.com/btc/tx/0cf8e157f7783bd3a8ea92f17fe4c4d5193b69241b950c13d3e9b5a7fbaed68b
The part I'm unsure about are the other 2 outputs, besides the 61.80 Euro one. Would be very thankful for the 24.72 Euro output to be explained.


texts: How private key is generated from password in Bitcoin-clients

texts:
We all know that private address is a 256bit number. But is the process of converting your password to this 256bit number standard across different clients?

I can imagine that a "strong random 40 character password" after transformation/hashing et c might become the stupid 0...000000123 or something like this :)

If this process is standard, does this mean, that backup of wallet.dat is not required, you should remember only the password?


texts: What's a good repo to fork if you want to create a blockchain like a "Math" coin or Curecoin. (mining equations, not hashes)

texts:
I want to create my own crypto currency and I want to know what's the best github repo to fork when it comes to making a blockchain that's based off of getting the miners to do mathematical calculations. I understand that a lot of coins just require miners to guess hash values. I want my miners to do something more, just like cure coin and folding coin do.
Are there different security principles for these coins?


texts: How do I view the extended public key in Electrum?

texts:
Someone's asking for my extended public key.

How do I view this?

What are the consequences of giving this to someone? Can they steal my Bitcoins if I give this to someone?


texts: How to make a simple payment with the python-bitcoinlib?

texts:
I've been using the bitcoin-python library for making payments from within Python. This worked pretty simple:

>>> import bitcoinrpc
>>> conn = bitcoinrpc.connect_to_local()
>>> conn.sendtoaddress('bitcoin_address_here', 0.5)

The Readme of that library now says that it is not maintained anymore and refers to the python-bitcoinlib as a successor. So now I'm trying to wrap my head around that lib, but it seems to be a bit more difficult than bitcoin-python used to be. I now understand I can connect to the running bitcoind using the following code:

>>> import bitcoin.rpc as rpc
>>> proxy = rpc.Proxy()
>>> proxy.getinfo()
{u'connections': 36, u'errors': u'', u'blocks': 295646, u'paytxfee': 0, u'keypoololdest': 1394108331, u'walletversion': 60000, u'difficulty': Decimal('6119726
089.12814713'), u'testnet': False, u'version': 90100, u'proxy': u'', u'protocolversion': 70002, u'timeoffset': -1, u'balance': 1856000, u'keypoolsize': 101}

So far so good. The problem is now that I have no idea how I can do a simple payment. I see there is a function called proxy.sendrawtransaction(self, tx), which apparently takes a raw transaction as an argument. I have no idea how to create a raw transaction though, plus I would expect that there is some kind of send_to_address(address, amount) available, but I can't find it around the library.

So does anybody know how I can send a simple transaction to an address with the python-bitcoinlib? All tips are welcome!


texts: How to get the outbound and inbound capacity of a node using LND?

texts: I expected to find an option on lncli to get the exact inbound and outbound capacity of my node, but this is not the case. What is the best way to have this information?


texts:
I'm attempting to run P2Pool locally on my other machine and getting this issue while running bitcoind:

2016-12-19 09:56:24.100000 p2pool (version unknown 7032706f6f6c2d7032706f6f6c2d39633662323130)
2016-12-19 09:56:24.100000
2016-12-19 09:56:24.100000 Testing bitcoind RPC connection to 'http://127.0.0.1:8332/' with username 'bitcoinrpc'...
Error getting work from bitcoind:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\Python27\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\defer.py", line 651, in _runCallbacks
    current.result = callback(current.result, *args, **kw)
  File "c:\Python27\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\defer.py", line 1355, in gotResult
    _inlineCallbacks(r, g, deferred)
  File "c:\Python27\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\defer.py", line 1297, in _inlineCallbacks
    result = result.throwExceptionIntoGenerator(g)
  File "c:\Python27\lib\site-packages\twisted\python\failure.py", line 389, in throwExceptionIntoGenerator
    return g.throw(self.type, self.value, self.tb)
--- <exception caught here> ---
  File "C:\bitcoin\p2pool-p2pool-9c6b210\p2pool\util\deferral.py", line 41, in f
    result = yield func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "c:\Python27\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\defer.py", line 1297, in _inlineCallbacks
    result = result.throwExceptionIntoGenerator(g)
  File "c:\Python27\lib\site-packages\twisted\python\failure.py", line 389, in throwExceptionIntoGenerator
    return g.throw(self.type, self.value, self.tb)
  File "C:\bitcoin\p2pool-p2pool-9c6b210\p2pool\bitcoin\helper.py", line 53, in getwork
    work = yield go()
  File "c:\Python27\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\defer.py", line 1297, in _inlineCallbacks
    result = result.throwExceptionIntoGenerator(g)
  File "c:\Python27\lib\site-packages\twisted\python\failure.py", line 389, in throwExceptionIntoGenerator
    return g.throw(self.type, self.value, self.tb)
  File "C:\bitcoin\p2pool-p2pool-9c6b210\p2pool\util\jsonrpc.py", line 133, in _http_do
    raise Error_for_code(resp['error']['code'])(resp['error']['message'], resp['error'].get('data', None))
p2pool.util.jsonrpc.NarrowError: -10 Bitcoin is downloading blocks...

I know the last line indicates that the bitcoin block is still downloading but the bitcoin core gui indicates that I am up to date. I've tried shutting down the bitcoin client and restarting a couple of times with no luck.

I have no idea if I'm missing something obvious here or not.


texts: How do I fix Bitcoin-qt Error: "Cannot allocate memory bitcoin in ProcessMessage()"

texts:
I'm on a Macbook Pro, launching Bitcoin-qt, version 0.8.2, and I see this error when it tries to sync:

EXCEPTION: 11DbException
Db::put: Cannot allocate memory
bitcoin in ProcessMessage()

Any idea what I should do? I've backed up the wallet.dat file. Not sure why it cannot allocate memory to continue to sync.


texts: Deriving hex private key from a HD wallet

texts:
I have the following test Mnemonic:

stable primary already collect buffalo bike into robust fury cement proof agree neither blouse course

From this I can generate a BIP39 Wallet:
https://iancoleman.io/bip39/

From this I can get all the private keys of the derived addresses (if you scroll down to the bottom).

But I'm not sure what format they're in.

The library, bitconjs-lib does the following:

const ONE = Buffer.from('0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001', 'hex')
keyPair = ECPair.fromPrivateKey(ONE)

https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/ecpair.js#L29

But the private keys generated by https://iancoleman.io/bip39/ do not match the length required by bitcoinjs-lib


texts:
I have an aged notebook, and find there is an wallet on it.

Does this mean that this wallet is unsecured and I can transfer btn from it without passphrase?


texts:
During this bitcoin boom I remember going to a bitcoin event and the host had me open a wallet and used an ATM to deposit $1 in it.
I dug through my old photos and I took a screenshot of my passphrase but no other information. I'm attaching a photo of what the screen looked like (without the phrase of course). Anyone have any idea which wallet/app/etc... this could be from?!?!?


texts: Why hash witness script instead of pubkey script in signature?

texts:
When a segwit input is signed, the signature will commit to the witness script (or a p2pkh-like script in case of p2wpkh). This is specified in BIP143:

  For P2WPKH witness program, the scriptCode is 0x1976a914{20-byte-pubkey-hash}88ac.
  For P2WSH witness program,

  if the witnessScript does not contain any OP_CODESEPARATOR, the scriptCode is the witnessScript serialized as scripts inside CTxOut.
  if the witnessScript contains any OP_CODESEPARATOR, the scriptCode is the witnessScript but removing everything up to and including the last executed OP_CODESEPARATOR before the signature checking opcode being executed, serialized as scripts inside CTxOut. (The exact semantics is demonstrated in the examples below)

What's the rationale behind this? Why doesn't the hash commit to the pubkey script as in legacy (p2pkh and p2sh) payments? This difference complicates signing/verification code a bit, so I suppose there must be some good reason for it.

Maybe my question should be: Why does the hash commit to any script at all for segwit inputs? In legacy signatures, putting scriptPubkey in scriptSig for the current input is a (complicated, see below) way to avoid signature reuse between inputs. But in segwit, this is accomplished with the outpoint part of the hashing algorithm. So couldn't we just skip the scriptCode part?

It seems to me that there is another reason for why we hash the scriptPubkey for legacy signatures and the witness script for segwit signatures, since there are simpler ways to avoid signature reuse:

Legacy: We could just have added a dummy byte somewhere in the current input
Segwit: Current input's outpoint already solves the problem.


texts: Possibility of broadcasting new block to only a fraction of honest nodes?

texts:
Consider in a block-withholding attack (aka selfish mining attack), attacker after creating a new block decides to broadcast this new block only to a fraction of network, such that eventually only a part of nodes will receive this new block and the rest of network will not receive it.

In my opinion, it will not be possible, because when attacker sends new block to one or some of host nodes, they eventually broadcast this block to whole of network, meaning that eventually all honest nodes will receive this new block. Am I right? or this attacker is able to prevent a fraction of honest nodes from receiving this new block?


texts: Is it normal not to see my sending/receiving addresses while the bitcoin client is syncing?

texts:
I am using bitcoin core on windows 7, it takes forever to sync and during this time I cannot see any sending/receiving addresses in my interface, I only see "balances" (empty), "recent transactions" (also empty).

Will addresses show up only after it is done syncing ?
a bit off-topic: Is it safe to just copy/paste the wallet.dat around or is it any risk if the sync is at a certain state while I copy/paste the wallet to/from the bitcoin data folder ?


texts: How to get raw tx in hex format by not fetching API from provider?

texts: I've looking for some solution to encode raw transaction in hex format by programmatically without fetching data from any blockchain provider. Are there any way to do this?


texts: What bad things could happens if Bitcoind RPC is public?

texts:
It is always suggested to enforce authentication on Bitcoind RPC. However, in case the RPC authentication get compromised (or if it is public), what kind of bad things could happens?

First I could think of money lost

First wallets are exposed and all the private key will get exposed, and it essentially mean all your Bitcoins can get stolen

Second with setTxFee function, any transaction created using the node will either has insufficient fee or just too much fee

Apart from money lost, is there any other things that may potential happens?

For example, if I just run the node as a block tracker and monitor if any money sent into my address. Does RPC has the ability to affect them as well?


texts:
I saw a discussion recently about whether Bitcoin Core was following the Semantic Versioning scheme. I could not find information in the GitHub ReadMe.md or Contributing.md.

Luke-Jr stated that neither Bitcoin nor Bitcoin Core follow Semantic Versioning.

What versioning scheme does Bitcoin Core follow?


texts: how to make a bitcoin buy with euros on Kraken API

texts:
I am trying to use the kraken api to make bitcoin buys with euros, I am looking at the API here
https://www.kraken.com/help/api

But I am here with some doubts

("pair => "XXBTZEUR",
"type" => "buy",
"ordertype" => "market",
"voulme" => ?
)

Witch volume should I put there ? volume in BTC or Euro ?
I wish I could put euros there, but I am not sure, theres no specification on the api about this


texts: Why do my futures keep getting cancelled using BitcoinJ?

texts:
I am trying to write an application that queries bitcoin nodes for the results of a particular transaction. I am attempting to imitate FetchTransactions.java, one of the examples that comes with bitcoinj.

Sometimes my requests go through to the peers, no problem. Other times, they get cancelled. I figured maybe I was stressing some of the peers, so I decided to loop through all the peers I could find and ask. Now I can't seem to get any peers to answer my request. I think I'm missing some basic network etiquette or something. Here's the relevant code:

        NetworkParameters params = getNetworkParameters();
        PeerGroup peerGroup = getPeerGroup();
        peerGroup.startAndWait();
        peerGroup.addPeerDiscovery(new DnsDiscovery(params));
        peerGroup.setMaxConnections(100);

        peerGroup.waitForPeers(3).get();
        Peer peer;
        int i = 0;
        while (true)
        {
            try
            {
                while (i >= peerGroup.numConnectedPeers())
                {
                    peerGroup.waitForPeers(peerGroup.numConnectedPeers() + 10);
                    System.out.println("Waiting to connect to more peers.");
                }

                System.out.println("Attempting to connect to peer " + i);
                System.out.println("numConnectedPeers = " + peerGroup.numConnectedPeers());
                peer = peerGroup.getConnectedPeers().get(i++);

                Sha256Hash txHash = new Sha256Hash(hash);
                ListenableFuture<Transaction> future = peer.getPeerMempoolTransaction(txHash);
                System.out.println("Waiting for node to send us the requested transaction: " + txHash);
                tx = future.get();
                System.out.println(tx);
                peerGroup.stopAndWait();
                break;
            }
            catch (CancellationException e)
            {
                System.out.println("Task was cancelled. Trying again.");
            }

        }

Also, when it hits 75 peers and tries to wait for more peers, it returns immediately. I don't understand why it doesn't wait until it gets more peers before returning, since the source code of PeerGroup.java indicates it should only return when it has as many peers as specified in the argument.

Also it has never worked on the testnet: requests for a transaction have always been cancelled on the testnet.

Anyways, any tips in the right direction would be much appreciated.


texts: How to access bitcoin client from ruby using Rpc client?

texts:
I'd like to access local bitcoin node from ruby by using RPC client. The following is my code, and it returns the next code. Could you tell me how to call Bitcoin client on ruby?

#console
NoMethodError (undefined method `getblockcount' for #<BitcoinRpc:0x007fe4e2577050>):

#product_controller.rb
require 'net/http'
require 'uri'
require 'json'
class BitcoinRpc
  def initialize(service_url)
    @uri = URI.parse(service_url)
  end
end

class ProductsController < ApplicationController
  require 'openassets'
  require 'bitcoin'
  include Bitcoin::Util
  include Bitcoin::Builder
  h = BitcoinRpc.new('http://'rpcuser':'rpcpassword'@localhost:8332')
  puts(h.getblockcount)
  ....


texts: Do I need both bitcoin client and guiminer to do mining?

texts:
I am using bitcoin for the first time. Do I need to run both bitcoin-qt and guiminer to start mining? I have installed both programs and currently bitcoin-qt is running and synchronizing with network and there are around 60 more weeks to go.

So I guess once synchronizing is done I will get a wallet? And then I can run guiminer so I can start mining in "Slush" mining pool? (I have already registered for an account and worker)

And once synchronizing is done I can close bitcoin-qt and then just use guiminer?


texts: Can a Bitcoin wallet be identified as belonging to an exchange?

texts:
Ethereum wallets can be associated with Exchanges (e.g. Etherscan.io will tell you if an address is a Poloniex one).

Is this possible for Bitcoin addresses?


texts:
I bought a small amount of BTC. They are sitting in an online wallet. I would like to send them to my blockchaininfo wallet. Is this the process?
1. Enter the amount to send.
2. Copy/paste the receiving address.
3. Send.
Do I need to do anything with private keys at the sending or receiving end of the process?
Thanks.


texts: The file bitcoind.pid is mentioned on "Running Bitcoin" wiki page, but it's not explained on the wiki. What does that file do?


texts: Is there a lower percentage cost to transfer from Coinbase or Coinbase Pro to my mobile wallet?

texts:
I am trying a mobile wallet, so that I keep some bitcoin on my mobile phone.  So I downloaded Coinbase wallet, and tried to transfer 0.001 bitcoins from my Coinbase or Coinbase Pro to the Coinbase wallet.
However, the bitcoin is worth about $35, and the Network fee is about $1.40, so I am paying 5% fees right there?  There's more than an ATM that takes 3% of my hard earned cash. The money deposited in the bank for a whole year does not even get 2% interest.
Is there a way to transfer the money to my mobile wallet at a much lower fee?  A fee that is lower than 1% is more acceptable.
P.S. I finally got more deposit already settled, so I can transfer about 0.009 bitcoins away, and the fee still seem to be $1.60 or so, so that is a lot more reasonable, at about 0.45%
I also was able to transfer 0.03 bitcoins out of my account, and the fee is 0.00005619 bitcoins. So the value of the transfer is $1,422.49 and the fee is $2.66, which is much more reasonable, at 0.187%


texts:
bitcoin uses blockchain
so blockchain is peer to peer,
every peer stores the data

so I wonder where does the data of all the bitcoins is stored?
who is peer in case of bitcoin?
so that peer gets data related to bitcoins all over the world?

as the bitcoins grow isnt it becomes slower and slower to retrieve information?


texts: Is it true that bitcoin could be extremely slow?

texts:
I am trying to understand the algorithm of bitcoin.

Let A be a node, and let (...,T_0,T_1,T_2) represents a block chain that A has at some time.

Here, T_i designates a block which was created at the time T_i, meaning that the block T_n was created before the block T_{n+1} was created.

Now, say miners C and D created two different blocks T_3 and T_3’ within 10 minutes. Then, A appends these two blocks to the current block chain and store them separately. Following the above notation, these two chains are (...,T_0,T_1,T_2,T_3) and (...,T_0,T_1,T_2,T_3’).

Now, say E sent F some bitcoins and made a transaction which is included in the block T_3.

After some time, if the blockchain (...,T_0,T_1,T_2,T_3’) is chosen to be the correct one, the chain (...,T_0,T_1,T_2,T_3) is removed from server. (Actually, at this point, these two separate blockchains do not appear in this way. That is, they would appear like (...,T_0,T_1,T_2,T_3’,T_4’,...,T_n’) and (...,T_0,T_1,T_2,T_3,T_4,...,T_n) because as time passes new blocks are added.

Assume that the transaction that E sent F some bitcoins was not included in any other blocks except the block T_3. (This is possible if E sent F very small amount of money, so if this transaction costs really tiny small fee, miners would not choose this transaction to be included in their block).

In this case, if E wants to send some bitcoins to F, does he have to make a transaction all over again?


texts: Does Mt. Gox's "Redeem a wallet.dat" feature require an unencrypted wallet?

texts:
Just added to Mt. Gox's API documentation is the ability to Redeem a wallet.dat, which allows a simple way to import (via upload of wallet.dat) all your private keys to be managed by Mt. Gox.

All bitcoin amounts in your wallet will be transferred to your Mt. Gox account and any amounts received later will be swept at that time as well.

Does this feature work with an encryption-protected wallet.dat though?  The API doesn't show any way to send the passphrase as far as I can tell.


texts: What database tables structure do bitcoin uses?

texts: What databases do bitcoin core (nodes) uses? And how looks tables structure? I can't find it anywhere...


texts: Why do all addresses begin with "1"? Why can't we just delete it?

texts:
The title is the question :)

All the addresses I have seen - from the very first block http://blockexplorer.com/b/0 to the very last one http://blockexplorer.com/b/229850 all begin with "1".

Why is that? And - if it's really like that - why do we need the redundant number there and not just cut it and make the addresses 1 letter shorter?


texts: How can I see if my bitcoin core money is in my wallet?

texts: I had funds deposited in my bitcoin core account about a year and have still not seen them appear in my wallet. Is there a way I can make sure the transaction went through, and how I can have access to the funds? I have the receiving address where the funds were sent to. Thank you


texts: What is the origin of the data that the bitcoin algorithm operates on?

texts:
According to the bitcoin wiki, the data used comes from calling getwork.

  getwork is a JSON-RPC defined at https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Getwork as "An RPC method used by a miner to get hashing work to try to solve."

After reviewing the source here: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/142e604184e3ab6dcbe02cebcbe08e5623182b81/src/main.cpp#L3352 I was unable to determine the code for the GetWork method. I am mostly curious about the source of the data though. Although the bitcoin system is said to be entirely transparent, it seems to skimp on information regarding the data used.

Where/what is the origin of the data that is being worked on by the bitcoin hashing algorithm?


texts: If I have a computer with low specifications (2GB RAM, 2.13 GHz, integrated graphics), is there any way to mine normally with Bitcoin-qt? If not, will joining a pool with these specs be worth the time and effort? What kind of specs are normally recommended for mining?


texts: How are Bitcoin ATMs secured against double-spends?

texts: Some bitcoin ATMs allow the exchange from bitcoins to paper money. Since waiting in front of an ATM for a confirmation is not feasible, they must defend themselves in another way against double-spends. How do they do that?


texts: Can I still claim the pre-fork BCH even though my current wallet balance is 0?

texts: I had BTC before the BCH fork, but I forgot to claim the BCH and just spent all of the BTC on buying more BCH. Can I still claim the pre-fork BCH even though my wallet balance is now 0? It was stored in Electrum. Any advice is appreciated.


texts: Why does Bitcoin uses a Script language?

texts:
From what I heard is that Bitcoin use Script to verify transactions (I'm probably wrong).

Wouldn't be sufficient just signing the transaction with the private key and append the signature to the transaction? This way everyone could verify if the transaction was sent form that public key.

Is this insecure?

I imagine that Script is used for other things too. But If I only wanted to verify the transaction, I could do it with a simple signature right?

Thanks


texts: 51% attack - apparently very easy? refering to CZ's "rollback btc chain" - How to make sure such corruptible scenario can never happen so easily?

texts:
I was shocked to see binance CZ comment to literally "roll back" the bitcoin chain by just "calling" in some favors from "friendly" Asian miners .

This ONE person could effectively do it???  I mean are we all in a bubble, in some kind of utopia then, to think that the chain's decentralization makes it "bulletproof" and resistant to collusion by miners?

(1) This is fundamental question:  How are our highly regarded and brilliant Devs of bitcoin explaining such situation where only a handful of persons´ interests could essentially be enough to do a majority 51% attack?

(2) And secondly, are there active debates about how to mitigate such situation in the future, what technical aspects implemented in the btc chain (or to be implemented) could be helpful?

This huge mining farms are essentially very disturbing. it is like  in proof of stake , where the "richest" has most power. And in the PoW mining case , its similiar just that the "biggest hardware" has most power.

we have to try somehow to eliminate such easily corruptible scenarios, right?

in todays digital world, there are plenty of collusion examples of even more than 1000 different persons involved.

Handful of colluding majority miners would be a piece of cake, right?

Thank you for explaining to me this issue . I hope sincerely that this is taken up by our awesome dev community, or maybe I am just misunderstanding everything.


texts:
simple question. I would like to run several full nodes for Bitcoin, Litecoin, Darkcoin and so on, but don't they run on the same port (8333)? Will this just work or do I need to give them several different ports?

Cheers


texts: Why does vanitygen warns me to update an up-to-date OpenSSL?

texts:
I tried to generate an address with vanitygen. Because I'm on a MBP 2010 it took a while onthe CPU (not finished yet, two times up to 20%) and now I am trying to get it working with my GPU (NVidea 330m). That works, it is three times as fast as the CPU (±750 kkeys/s vs 230 kkeys/s), but I have a question about the OpenSSL.

When I start oclvanitygen ./oclvanitygen -d 1 -i 1Mathias it gives me the following warning:

WARNING: Built with OpenSSL 0.9.8y 5 Feb 2013
WARNING: Use OpenSSL 1.0.0d+ for best performance

However, openssl version gives me this:

OpenSSL 1.0.1h 5 Jun 2014

And sudo port upgrade openssl returns also that there is nothing to be done. How is this possible?


texts: Where can I find a wallet for a blind or visually impaired user?

texts: Are there any UIs or hard wallets that work well for a BTC user who is blind or visually impaired?


texts: Viewing total number of coins mined for an Altcoin

texts: I am a newbie to crypt-currencies so for school, I forked a coin from litecoin to help me understand how it works and so far, I got it to work using a VPS with some other friends mining on it. I am trying out new things but I am having a hard time determining the total number of coins mined between all users. I can't seem to find the main ledger that is distributed among all the nodes, my question is how to view it and monitor how much of my altcoin is in each address. Can anyone help me figure this out? Where is the ledger or the blockchain? I would really appreciate it as I have be rattling my brain on this for the past few days.


texts: Why do web wallets using multi-signature need 1 of N keys?

texts:
I've been researching multi-signature transactions and am wondering, as the title says, why a web wallet offering multi-signature transactions (2-of-3, for example) like blockchain.info would need any of your private keys at all. From what I understand, it looks like multi-signature 2-of-3 addresses require three public keys to generate, and are spent via raw transactions.

So why do these services not allow you to keep all three keys?

Is there some reason that one of the keys must be kept by the wallet provider? It doesn't seem like any of the keys are required to be in the provider's wallet so long as they are available to sign the raw transaction before sending -- and in theory the raw transaction could be created by the client in the browser and submitted for transmission via sendrawtransaction without involving the provider in any sense other than raw connectivity to the network.

What am I missing?


texts: Software for mining Quarkcoin on 32-bit Windows

texts: Is there a software for 32-bit Windows to mine Quarkcoins as part of a pool?


texts: In order to "pay someone back", must I ask them for a return address?

texts:
I want to write code that accepts a transaction, and afterwards "pays back" some amount to the origin of the transaction.

Assume users will be using the standard client. Will transactions have a single input, or must I handle the situation where a transaction have multiple inputs?

Can I just choose one of these inputs and pay back to that input? I want to avoid having to request users from entering a payout Bitcoin address - it's so much neater to just pay back to the same address they used.


texts: Will large Bitcoin holders be a threat in the future?

texts: There are most likely individuals or groups who hold (and hoard?) large sums of Bitcoin because of various reasons. I believe these people are the early adopters or miners of Bitcoin. Basically, we pretty much do not know anything about these people. Will they be a risk in the future?


texts:
How can I follow the progress of miner signaling for Taproot activation during the Speedy Trial deployment? Can I use bitcoin-cli to track the signaling progress?
This was asked by pox on Mastodon and has been paraphrased.


texts: Negative balance after sendfrom bitcoind

texts:
Any one can explain me why I get a negative balance after execute a sendfrom ?

"sendfrom myaccount btcaddress amount"
and right after
"getbalance myaccount" return  a negative balance

I don't really understand why the balance is negative ...

After 1confirmation, the balance come back to his real value.


texts: Restore New Funds after Blockchain Backup

texts: If I transfer money into my Blockchain account after receiving my Json wallet backup by email, would it restore recently added funds?


texts: Can I use bitcoin as a means of bypassing Argentine Dollar restrictions?

texts: I am planning on doing some small-time buying/selling with a friend who is in the States. I am in Argentina and I do not have a way of reimbursing him in Dollars for products that he buys, sends to me, then I sell. Product and Dollar restrictions are very bad here right now, but there has to be a way to bypass these so we can do business together. Any help or advice is appreciated.


texts: I am wondering if the public keys are broadcast to the network. I know that we are using addresses derived from the public key, but could we get the public key itself? Does this depend on which wallet the user uses?


texts: Error generate new block with signet test

texts:
I have tried to test signet to generate new block but it is showed message as below:
bicoin-cli -signet -generate 1
ERROR: ProcessNewBlock: AcceptBlock FAILED (bad-signet-blksig, signet block signature validation failure)


texts: Restore BIP39 mnemonic in Electrum using command line and custom derivation path?

texts:
How would I restore a bitcoin wallet using the Electrum command line on Linux with a BIP39 mnemonic and custom derivation path?
I need to use m/0' for legacy and m/1' for native segwit?
I cannot find anything in the documentation about BIP39 mnemonics or using a custom derivation path without using the GUI interface of Electrum.
Thanks!


texts: Ones tokens are issued by smart contracts on a existing blockchain, for example Bitcoin and distributed to the community, who and in wich currency the transaction fees will be realized ?


texts:
Bitcoin protocol supports scripts.

How do they work?
How are those implemented?
What are their intended usages?
When are they planned to be used?


texts: Can someone explain to me all of the scaling proposals?

texts: What are Segwit, Segwit2x, UASF, BIP 141 and 91, emergent consensus, and core/Non-EC? All of these terms are confusing and I don't understand what they all signify. Also, could you give me a description of what has been locked in, what could have been locked in, and what can be locked in?


texts: c++ code how to restore wallet keys from mnemonic seed phrase

texts:
so iam trying to code some wallet functions in c++ i need to do the following.

starting with a seed phrase
restore the private keys and bitcoin addresses (all addresses generated from the seed phrase) I understand you can deterministically generate private keys and their corresponding public keys (bit coin addresses)
check the balances on those addresses

which of the c++ or (java) libraries can I use and how to i get this going?
I have tried using java bitcoincore libraries but when i used my known seed the private keys and addresses generated where way off.


texts: Hosting lightning node and non-custodial

texts:
In Bitcoin we can have a light wallet where we are connected to a full node, by doing this, we have to trust that the full node is feeding correct information, but at least we can store our keys in the light wallet itself.

I've been looking around for a similar solution in lightning and the closest I found are some lightning wallets which host a node in their clouds and an app which controls the node.

Unlike layer 1, keys are not needed in order to perform transactions, which means that you are not only trusting the information the node is providing, also they could perform transactions without your knowledge.

Am I missing something here? Why are those wallets called non-custodial?

I know you can run a full lightning node on you phone like acinq does, but a safe cloud-based solution would lower the barrier of entry for some users


texts:
How hard would it be to successfully attack (all) the Electrum backend servers? I think there is about a handful of them.

I would consider an attack successful that stops Electrum from working for a day or so.


texts: how to monitor +20,000 addresses for new received transactions?

texts:
I have around 20000 generated addresses which I want to monitor for new transactions. More addresses should probably come. Customers should use every address only once but I would like to monitor already used addresses if some of them decide to transfer coins to "used" addresses.

These addresses are not in the online wallet, I have only addresses in the databases. Private keys are held offline.

That means that I do not want to monitor addresses from the local wallet but the addresses from databases.

A command should executed after a transaction is received (with enough confirmations). There are some monitor services which can send an email or call url after receiving a transaction for an address on the watchlist.

I would like to implement the same feature for my application without depending on external service.

I saw some questions and answers like:

How to know there is a new transaction? or
  Monitor all transactions on bitcoin network - API

But what would be the most efficient way to do this? Is there a perl/php compatible way to do that?

One of topics from above links to https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=89725.0 where Gavin is talking about some new features but I did  not get how could I or whether I can use anything of this to monitor a high number of addresses. Sending every minute a batch RPC call with a few thousands addresses to bitcoind is probably not a solution :-(.

I hope that there is a elegant way to monitor the whole information stream (all incoming transactions and other incoming information) and react if it matches what I need.


texts:
Payment sent not received by receiver as per him its redirected to mempools back wallet. status shows confirmed on blockchain but showing unspent. what does this unspent mean and does it get reversed if not received by receiver ?
TXN- ID; 661e9c15275e5bf12f5b33c7394ad16c63931796112e6c3dfadc5c356e5d0365
Address ; 3EQXftDgzqix12CSN51TRucZumXxRvD1aP


texts: Is there a limit in bits for the data hashed in hash-locked script?

texts: What is the limit in bits for the plain-text data of a secret (the data that it is actually hashed and used in a script) in a hash locked contract?


texts: How are bitcoin trade profits taxed in Poland?

texts: I turned some profit when trading bitcoin on Bitcurex - likely enough to exceed the tax-free income value in Poland. That likely would mean I should declare the profits in my tax return forms and pay income tax on them, but I have no clue how they are classified and taxed in Poland. Do I have to pay tax on my profits? If so, how do I calculate how much to pay? Where do I fill it in, on my PIT forms?


texts: How get address from ScriptSig: PUSHDATA(N)?

texts:
I'm from Ukraine and do not know much English, sorry. I want to parse blockchain, but I have problems. In block 728 will first txs (user-user). But input-script have not public keys. I read this Missing public key in transaction input. And don't understand how work it. For example first input in txs is

3046022100e26d9ff76a07d68369e5782be3f8532d25ecc8add58ee256da6c550b52e8006b022100b4431f5a9a4dcb51cbdcaae935218c0ae4cfc8aa903fe4e5bac4c208290b7d5d01

and explorer say what this address get 50 btc in this txs when confirm this block. But how connected this txs and this txs.

How get address from ScriptSig: PUSHDATA(73)?

EDIT

What you need to do to get an address from such transactions?


texts: If I use a Bitcoin wallet from say Bitcoin.com and Bitcoin.com folds, will I still be able to download the software and input my pass phrase to get my bitcoin back?


texts: Am I allowed to ask my employer (large IT multinational) if I can receive my salary in BTC instead of EUR according to german law? Would I have to pay income tax if I do not exchange them for a year (tax exemption in place) and would I have to pay VAT for purchases made using BTC?


texts:
AFAIK to create the next block, there must be a specific structure (specific number of leading zeros) in the has output calculated on the block's header. This header contains a set of fixed parts (merkle tree, previous block's hash, ...) and two variable parts: nonce and timestamp.

Now, what if all combinations of timestamp and nonce do not result in the desired output to validate the block? (At least for a long duration, like a week).


texts: Maximum number of transactions in wallet.dat for Bitcoin Core

texts:
I know that a large number of key pairs in wallet.dat is not a concern. But is having too many transactions in wallet.dat an issue?

Can Bitcoin Core start crashing after it reaches a certain number of transactions? Say over 100K?


texts: Anyone know of an API for RSI and other indicators?

texts: I am looking for Relative Strenght Index and other market indicators API's for cryptos. I don't think TradingView provides one but maybe you know one?


texts: Redirected from a real exchange site to a fraudulent site?

texts:
I was attempting to reset my authenticator through the real binance site and somehow I got redirected to binancezh.cc which was immediately alarming to me when I noticed; however, upon further investigation, one of the links that led to binancezh.cc was in an automated email sent from binance.com.
How could I have been redirected to a fraudulent site from an interaction that I initiated on the real site?

Edit: It appears that the site is somehow legit but not intended for public use
https://www.reddit.com/r/binance/comments/krt1he/binancezhcc/gif9ca0?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web2x&context=3


texts: How can I track transactions in a way that is not affected by their malleability?

texts:
All the recent problems caused by transaction malleability have brought to the center stage the fact that tracking a transaction id is not good enough.

So here is my question, what is good enough?

The best I can come up with, is to create my own hash of the transaction I want to track before sending it to the network. Let's call that hash "tracking id". That hash would cover only signed portions of the transaction. The elements hashed would be

for all inputs: txid, vout
for all outputs: amount, address

Given the fact that the transaction must still be declared valid by the official client, would this "tracking id" be robust enough to track a transaction no matter how it may have been covertly "adjusted" through transaction malleability?

If this scheme does not work, do you know of any way that would allow me to safely track the transaction?


texts: Is there online tool to check if bitcoin transaction is bip-125-replaceable

texts: bitcoind json-rpc can do it, I think I saw this on blockchain.info but I don't see it now.


texts: why is double-spend not an issue for payment channels?

texts:
Micropayment Channels (MPC) cannot be used currently because of transaction malleability, I hear.

AFAIK, people saying that have in mind that the refund & payment tx, which have as input the deposit tx (Dtx), could be invalid if the deposit's hash was changed. I m fine with this.

What I don't understand: if the attacker manages to modify Dtx' hash before it made it to the blockchain, I believe (s)he can equally manage to double spend the btcs supposed to go to Dtx. Thus, double spend seems as much a threat as malleability. Yet no one discusses it, so I suppose something is wrong with this reasoning. What?

Is the following correct:

whenever malleability attacks are possible, then so is double-spend attack.
?

Thanks


texts: Since when lock time exist in Bitcoin transactions?


texts: Who generates a new block in bitcoin blockchain?

texts:
I know miner is a generator who finds nonce which provides hash value starting with a bunch of 0's.
I have a question who the miner is.
Suppose Alice wants to send one dollar to Bob.
In this case is Alice a miner?
I dont understand yet.


texts: How do you safely set up a offline deterministic wallet?

texts:
There is a good tutorial for setting up a safe offline wallet with a regular bitcoin wallet here.

If I want to set up a safe deterministic offline wallet (i.e. Electrum). What would be the right steps?

Should I just store the seed, or also backup the private keys?


texts: How should I safely buy/sell a preorder for Bitcoin mining equipment?

texts:
Suppose I need to buy/sell a preorder for Bitcoin mining equipment.  What is the safest approach (for both the buyer and seller) to conduct this transaction?

Does it matter if this transaction is done over BTC vs Dollars?

I'm assuming an escrow is needed, but not sure where to find such an arbitrator.  If multisig transactions are used, I'd like to see how this would be set up.


texts:
I'm talking specifically about this:

/** pruned version of CTransaction: only retains metadata and unspent transaction outputs
 *
 * Serialized format:
 * - VARINT(nVersion)
 * - VARINT(nCode)
 * - unspentness bitvector, for vout[2] and further; least significant byte first
 * - the non-spent CTxOuts (via CTxOutCompressor)
 * - VARINT(nHeight)
 *
 * The nCode value consists of:
 * - bit 1: IsCoinBase()
 * - bit 2: vout[0] is not spent
 * - bit 4: vout[1] is not spent
 * - The higher bits encode N, the number of non-zero bytes in the following bitvector.
 *   - In case both bit 2 and bit 4 are unset, they encode N-1, as there must be at
 *     least one non-spent output).
 *
 * Example: 0104835800816115944e077fe7c803cfa57f29b36bf87c1d358bb85e
 *          <><><--------------------------------------------><---->
 *          |  \                  |                             /
 *    version   code             vout[1]                  height
 *
 *    - version = 1
 *    - code = 4 (vout[1] is not spent, and 0 non-zero bytes of bitvector follow)
 *    - unspentness bitvector: as 0 non-zero bytes follow, it has length 0
 *    - vout[1]: 835800816115944e077fe7c803cfa57f29b36bf87c1d35
 *               * 8358: compact amount representation for 60000000000 (600 BTC)
 *               * 00: special txout type pay-to-pubkey-hash
 *               * 816115944e077fe7c803cfa57f29b36bf87c1d35: address uint160
 *    - height = 203998
 *
 *
 * Example: 0109044086ef97d5790061b01caab50f1b8e9c50a5057eb43c2d9563a4eebbd123008c988f1a4a4de2161e0f50aac7f17e7f9555caa486af3b
 *          <><><--><--------------------------------------------------><----------------------------------------------><---->
 *         /  \   \                     |                                                           |                     /
 *  version  code  unspentness       vout[4]                                                     vout[16]           height
 *
 *  - version = 1
 *  - code = 9 (coinbase, neither vout[0] or vout[1] are unspent,
 *                2 (1, +1 because both bit 2 and bit 4 are unset) non-zero bitvector bytes follow)
 *  - unspentness bitvector: bits 2 (0x04) and 14 (0x4000) are set, so vout[2+2] and vout[14+2] are unspent
 *  - vout[4]: 86ef97d5790061b01caab50f1b8e9c50a5057eb43c2d9563a4ee
 *             * 86ef97d579: compact amount representation for 234925952 (2.35 BTC)
 *             * 00: special txout type pay-to-pubkey-hash
 *             * 61b01caab50f1b8e9c50a5057eb43c2d9563a4ee: address uint160
 *  - vout[16]: bbd123008c988f1a4a4de2161e0f50aac7f17e7f9555caa4
 *              * bbd123: compact amount representation for 110397 (0.001 BTC)
 *              * 00: special txout type pay-to-pubkey-hash
 *              * 8c988f1a4a4de2161e0f50aac7f17e7f9555caa4: address uint160
 *  - height = 120891
 */

I don't really understand how nCode works. Let's take the second example:

First bit is set to indicate it's a coinbase transaction. So far nCode = 01.
vout[0] and vout[1] are spent, which means we add 1 because there is at least 1 unspent output. So the bitmask is 0001 0001, which is equal to 0x11.

So already we have a number bigger than 0x09. How the hell is that nCode = 0x09 computed?


texts: Does the version prefix of an address force the type of transactions the address may treat?

texts:
A Bitcoin address is created with Base58Check encoding and it requires a version prefix, such as 0x00 for a P2PKH(pay-to-public-key-hash) address, 0x05 for a P2SH(pay-to-script-hash) address.

Does the version prefix of a Bitcoin address force the type of transactions the address may treat, or is it just for indicating the appropriate one?

In other words, can one do:

Generate a ECDSA key pair.
Create a Bitcoin address with it, with a version prefix 0x05.
The generated address is a P2SH(-like) address; at least its format is.
Make a P2PKH transaction with it.


texts: Bitcoin has been unconfirmed for over 9 hours now am scared I don’t know what to fo

texts:
I sent a total of about $540 worth of bTC to another account and it’s still unconfirmed for over 9 hours now the fee was about $0.29

Please what do I do am so sad


texts:
If I backup a wallet what exactly gets backed up? All the bit coin addresses associated with every transfer?

If so does that imply if I "lose" a bit coin address that my final balance will be incorrect (since one's balance is calculated as the sum of transfers IN less the sum of transfers OUT)


texts: Decode blocks received and Store in another file for analyzing

texts:
I am working on a bitcoin research project. I want to decode receiving blocks from the block chain and store decoded data in a separate file for analyzing purposes.

For this purpose I digs the bitcoin c++ code and find the exact place, which use to write the blocks into blkXXX.dat file.

Could you please suggest a solution for this matter.

Thank you


texts: What does it mean for a cryptocurrency to be ASIC-resistant?

texts: I guess the question I'm asking here is what does it take for an altcoin to be ASIC-resistant? What does it need to have?


texts: How does one confirm if my dbcache setting has taken effect via the gui for bitcoin core 0.17?

texts: I set dbcache=4000 in my bitcoin.conf file, but where can one confirm if this took affect or not in the gui? I'm on ubuntu 18.


texts: How to create the same (2 of 3) multisig adresses as electrum's multisig wallets with createmultisig?

texts:
Looking to create 2 of 3 multisig addresses with the electrum console with public keys (not the master public keys):

electrum createmultisig 2 '["1st public key wallet 1", "1st public key wallet 2", "1st public key wallet 3"]'

This will out put an p2sh address and a redeemScript. The address however only match the first address in an electrum 2 of 3 multisig wallet if public keys are entered in the right order (that has a one in six chance).

Electrum's 2 of 3 multisig wallets have consistent p2sh addresses no matter what order the master public keys are entered. How can createmultisig be used to be consistent with electrum's multisig wallets?

Edit: The suggested answer is the addmultisigaddress command from bitcoin-core (as I understand it correctly), thank you for the suggestion. However the question was how to do so with Electrum console (if possible).

The question is how to (re)create the correct first p2sh address of Electrum's multisig (2 of 3) wallet with master public keys as input, with only the first public keys of each of the master public keys and be consistent with Electrum's multisig (2 of 3) wallet all the time.

Edit2: An example with actual master public keys and there public keys:

Master public key a: xpub661MyMwAqRbcFRS9DDMPDGhicAnYcsELaWwWSviE3nETgBBW6P6FqXCxDobD9h1BqXbjbMEsXkeXyrLUmxANvBw9hi4jxZKjLDyZk3hK7nT
a's first public key a1: 03722ef79a70b43843c642f3495d2b9b8a6403189d52a04ecac652c133f7940fed

Master public key b: xpub661MyMwAqRbcEqNp5KidkrqspVy5HmMTwuQguSa8LSu6WWDdYMMD13appqVrMgAZyc5FKxSnxuTqNoT2j9PYtFtF67MUNBEzifV6vnd5qW2
b's first public key b1: 03f9652bfbbfb426eb2011db774c97866e00effdf954cc225807f89b23150dda3a

Master public key c: xpub661MyMwAqRbcEpBbahsh3vPcooVMbEfKAWCx7VNAyGokuShDN2FocJEa7mkcSAkWbkhbewN9TBW9AkoSJPGJoktCXZL98BGTCdZaspiebrA
c's first public key c1: 03f5ce19296793c6695bfefd7ead459a3f88ef776d8fc08b470dbc749d266d519f

The electrum's (GUI) option to create a multisig (2 of 3) wallet will take master public key a,b and c in any order and give a wallet with the first p2sh address:

3HRmAEyoBwdHhdntJHFMeR8DxZyCgiaKzV

Electrum's console command createmultisig will output different p2sh address depending on the order of public keys. Trail and error will get the same p2sh address as the GUI, however my goal is to get the correct address without verifying consistently.

With '["a1", "b1", "c1"]':

electrum createmultisig 2 -o '["03722ef79a70b43843c642f3495d2b9b8a6403189d52a04ecac652c133f7940fed", "03f9652bfbbfb426eb2011db774c97866e00effdf954cc225807f89b23150dda3a", "03f5ce19296793c6695bfefd7ead459a3f88ef776d8fc08b470dbc749d266d519f"]'

    {
    "address": "3EKHKsgn2smYcpeiD6zfR9sgrEp6PrqCTw",
    "redeemScript": "522102ae1359d50bdc7d5b61c3bab9f293fc01cdab3c2b1151a7309fb2e28540d94e842102b0b20cb5e55204f63c016c3df94c3aadaed931370e49bb94097c97dff485032d2103d5196cd7f661deedb3f27fce93095554e72032c7fd26b1ddfaeac8d6f5d56d0553ae"
}

With '["a1", "c1", "b1"]':

electrum createmultisig 2 -o '["03722ef79a70b43843c642f3495d2b9b8a6403189d52a04ecac652c133f7940fed", "03f5ce19296793c6695bfefd7ead459a3f88ef776d8fc08b470dbc749d266d519f", "03f9652bfbbfb426eb2011db774c97866e00effdf954cc225807f89b23150dda3a"]'

{
    "address": "3HRmAEyoBwdHhdntJHFMeR8DxZyCgiaKzV",
    "redeemScript": "522103722ef79a70b43843c642f3495d2b9b8a6403189d52a04ecac652c133f7940fed2103f5ce19296793c6695bfefd7ead459a3f88ef776d8fc08b470dbc749d266d519f2103f9652bfbbfb426eb2011db774c97866e00effdf954cc225807f89b23150dda3a53ae"
}

In this example I got "lucky" after the 2nd try and get the same p2sh address after 2 tries of the possible 6 permutations. My question however is how to get the correct order of public keys without verifying the GUI multi (2 of 3) wallet?


texts: Would it be possible to add an RPC call to be able to determine if a node is fully synced?

texts:
After reading this answer, where Peter Wuille talks about how a node can't really tell if it is synced or not, it got me wondering if there is a way we can tell that a node is as synced as it possibly can be given the peers it is connected to.

Could we add an RPC call like getsyncstatus that would have the node ask its peers for their highest known blocks and if a majority (or some percentage) of their peers all agree on the best known block height, then it could use that info to be able to say (with not perfect reliability) how synced the node is?

So, for example, if a node has 8 peers, and 7 of them are returning 330448 as the best block height, and the client has information about block 330448, then it could give a status code and message signalling that it is up to date. If the peers give different answers (which could happen if you connect to a malicious node that is falsely reporting it's best known height OR if other peers are not fully synced), then it could give a status code and a message indicating that the search was inconclusive and they should try again later. And lastly, if 87.5% of nodes are saying 330448 and the node is only synced up to block 1000, then it can give a status code and message indicating that the node is likely not sufficiently synchronized.

I think this would mainly be useful as a way to determine whether servers are sufficiently synchronized with the network for use on some application. The responses to this question describes a way to see if nodes are up to date, but they all seem kind of hacky, and I'm not sure they would be reliable enough.


texts: Can all stock holder get a login information or does dividend paid to private address? What?


texts:
I'm trying to find the checksum for a 12-word BIP39.
I can find the first eleven words just fine, but my 12th word is always off by a few positions.
For example, take the 128-bit entropy e84eaa26330ccbb2f866a1dc155e94ba.
In binary that is 11101000010011101010101000100110001100110000110011001011101100101111100001100110101000011101110000010101010111101001010010111010.
The first eleven 11-bit words are:
11101000010 (bin) => 1858 (decimal) => tribe
01110101010 (bin) => 938  (decimal) => inspire
10001001100 (bin) => 1100 (decimal) => maze
01100110000 (bin) => 816  (decimal) => gravity
11001100101 (bin) => 1637 (decimal) => smile
11011001011 (bin) => 1739 (decimal) => sunny
11100001100 (bin) => 1804 (decimal) => thunder
11010100001 (bin) => 1697 (decimal) => stage
11011100000 (bin) => 1760 (decimal) => swing
10101010111 (bin) => 1367 (decimal) => priority
10100101001 (bin) => 1321 (decimal) => pioneer

There are still 7 unused bits, the last ones: 0111010.
The SHA-256 hash of the hex string is 5355d54a3d673c4b1ac20b839ead09af3c6fea6dc24199b477f6ff64e7a68262.
The first 4 bits of that are represented by the first hex character, 5, which in binary is 0101.
I append those 4 bytes to my binary string:
111010000100111010101010001001100011001100001100110010111011001011111000011001101010000111011100000101010101111010010100101110100101
Now I have the last 11-bit word:
01110100101 (bin) => 933 (decimal) => input

But when I try to validate that against Ian Coleman's Bip39 I see the checksum should be 0011 (not 0101) and that would make the last word be
01110100011 (bin) => 931 (decimal) => inner

What am I doing wrong?


texts: What exactly makes the Bitcoin price suddenly start going crazy, only to later "go flat"?

texts:
I'll admit that my life is so devoid of any meaning at this point that my general mood is now closely related to the current Bitcoin price, which I always see on my computer.
When it lately has been going up a lot in short time, it makes me feel kind of happy and hopeful. After all, my future is entirely dependent on my one Bitcoin being worth a million USD or more so that I can buy a place to live and pay for the running costs.
But then it goes down or just "flatlines". For long periods of time. This both frustrates and confuses me.
What exactly is causing people to suddenly stop paying more and more for the BTC? Why, when it quickly rose from 20k to 27k, did it not just continue to 30k and beyond? Frankly, I'm very disappointed by how far from the 1 million USD the price is with just days left until "the end of 2020", when it was supposed to be worth that much.


texts: How to handle multiple inflight transactions from same address?

texts:
How are multiple inflight transactions from the same address handled? From my understanding, there are two options depending on how change is handled, but both seem to have substantial drawbacks:

If change for each transaction generates a new address for the change - the usual handling - then you can't handle two transactions since they will both want to use the same unspent output address. And they will both use it entirely by definition. The ergonomics of this seems poor - I can only ever do one transaction from an address at a time. In that case I would want bitcoins sent to me to always be shredded (no bills larger than $20 please).
If I have change sent sent back to the original address, does it matter in what order they are added to the chain? I can't see why. This however allows everybody to track my wallet and where I'm transacting. Also I don't know if all wallets support this.

Is my understanding correct? (This all started with me diving down the rabbit hole on how Lightening and Plasma worked.)


texts: Is there some way to add a third party authorizer to (or by) a lightning network transaction?

texts:
I'm not asking for "multisig on the lightning network", but I'm more curious about how one would set up shared control over lightning network transactions in general.

Imagine we don't have a multisig transaction... would it be possible to set up some sort of 3rd party oracle that would "link" a channel?

Or maybe set up some sort of logic implemented by the opening or closing of payment channels on a boutique lightning network?

In 2.2 of the lightning network paper, it says that opening payment channels doesn't actually control the movement of any funds.
https://lightning.network/lightning-network-paper.pdf

Some folks came up with an idea for a way to pay an oracle for provable information (especially information that can best be obtained in from a lot of different decentralized nodes at "anti-affinitied" locations) using lightning & bcoin: https://github.com/michaelfolkson/bcoin-hackathon

My brother wrote an implementation of NAND gates here, https://github.com/rjb25/gate-wiring , and since considering both of these I wondered whether one might hook up some sort of gating system whereby a third party could make a decision about two possibilities for distribution of the funds of another two parties.

And now I'm wondering if it'd be possible to set up some sort of private lightning network that uses the opening and closing of payment channels (or resizing them) to do some kind of third party authorization logic for lightning payments?

Perhaps where one person (party A) receives some amount of bitcoin in one case, and another (party B) in a different case, as determined by a third party oracle or mod?


texts: How to goto a nxt / ardor wallet with a default address set in the url?

texts: Is there a way to open up the nxt / ardor wallet in the browser and immediately go open up the account you want to view? How would you put it in the url parameters?


texts: Wallet design: What to do with dust amounts in change?

texts:
I'm working on some quirks of a wallet I'm developing, and one of the issues is what to do with change amounts that are larger than dust ~600 satoshis, but less than a practical amount to be sent again with a fee. Should I return the near-dust amount as change, or just tack it on as additional mining fees?

For example, let's say a user spends an amount that after paying to an output and a sufficient fee leaves only 1,000 satoshis as change. Should I send those 1,000 satoshis as change even though 1,000 satoshis is too small to be spent again with a sufficient fee?

Even with fees as low as 10 satoshis per byte with one input and output (P2PKH) you'd need at least 2,000 satoshis for fees.

I'm thinking it might be better to just put the leftover towards additional mining fees if change amount is below a certain threshold, say 3,000 satoshis. An address with just 1,000 satoshis is mostly useless, and would just add to the growing UTXO set that would likely never be spent. Does this approach seem appropriate, or am I "robbing" users of their dust?


texts: I have a BTC block chain which is stuck (3 weeks). I am using blockchaininfo .When I enter two of the transaction IDs ( cut and pasted ) it reports wrong format . A third transaction hashtag is accepted and reported to be confirmed. What is happening?


texts: Can bitcoin and altcoin co-exist in sidechain? If Yes, strategy

texts:
I have private block chain - tweaked  bitcoin blockchain with a private coin by creating a Genesis block. Lets call it "PrivateCoin"

I also have a sidechain elements/alpha instance, I effectively transferred  PrivateCoins to sidechain using the two way pegging. The transfer is successful and I am able to spend the "PrivateCoin" in Sidechain.
(Did some dirty hacks for address format, chainparams to accomplish it! Though no validation was compromised)

I see sidechain pegging is very Bitcoinish! Hope it will soon be clearly configurable for private coins.

Now the questions,

Can sidechain mint have its own asset such as a"SideCoin", so that
"SideCoin" and "PrivateCoin" can co-exist? If Yes, How to? Strategy?
Can we create "SideCoin" at a deterministic exchange rate for the
    "PrivateCoin"?

  Ex: If I peg transfer 10 "PrivateCoins" from the
          parent chain, I would like to create 200 "SideCoins" at a exchange
          rate of 1:20. If this is possible.

How to? Is it readily
    configurable in sidechain -or- should be coded in ?


texts: How to connect 2 wallets locally to each other?

texts:
I remember somewhere I saw how to do it, but I can’t find
I want to run 2 wallets without nodes and connect them locally to each other.


texts: Transaction I didn't make is unconfirmed

texts:
I have an unconfirmed transaction that's come from my ledger wallet that I didn't make.

The transaction doesn't show in the wallet history but the balance is now zero.
Can anyone advise? I'm a bit new to this and have a horrible fear I'm going to lose my bitcoin to a hacker:

https://blockchain.info/address/1JKuZqSPA9zLAP2XS96zGUyuGR1awcB5bP


texts: When we receive a transaction or BitCoin payment, do we need to verify the message?

texts: I'm new to BitCoin, and as I'm doing my adventure, found a site and gave me some micro BitCoins to test and see how the system works. Now, I finally received a message in my Transactions in my Wallet and it was marked with a '?' in front of the message. Hovering over it showed that 0 of 6 verifications. So, do I need to verify the message? When I opened the menu on File, I saw it has a verify message option.


texts: How does peer banning work for onion peers?

texts:
If I start bitcoind with settings proxy=127.0.0.1:9050 to talk to the Tor daemon's SOCKS5 proxy, turn on listenonion=1 and set onlynet=onion, my understanding is that bitcoind will coordinate with the Tor daemon to find a randomized onion public key/identifier and begin operating with other .onion peers.

However, what is stopping a Tor-connected onion node from behaving badly in a way that would 'normally' get the IPV4/V6 address banned had it been doing the same thing via that connection type?

It seems to me like a malicious node could just re-randomize the credentials on Tor to evade any ban. Does this mean that Tor nodes are less robust than the IPV4/V6 and more susceptible to DDoS and other attacks? or has this been accounted for somehow?

An explanation would be helpful. Thank you!


texts: How to add additional information to transaction?

texts: I want to add some additional information to my specific transaction, so that I can send the additional information to blockchain.


texts: What happens when the 21 million cap is reached?

texts: I've just recently gotten into bitcoin, but I'm a bit confused about this 21 million bitcoin cap. From what I've read, computers on the bitcoin network validate transactions, which confirms the transfer of bitcoins between addresses. As a reward, these nodes receive bitcoins. My question is once the 21 million bitcoin cap is reached, doesn't that mean there's no incentive to validate transactions anymore? Won't the whole network essentially cease to function? Thanks!


texts: How private shilded transactions to payee address works in ZeroCash from the information point of view?

texts:
In ZeroCash they perform transactions like this. I want to unravel and understand how z-addresses work in ZCash. It shall be described simply in here and in-depth, revised here and here (older, a bit simpler). Simply put it shall be described here:

or even simpler here:

Blue is what gets into the ledger including stuff like cm, a_{pk}, hash(sn).

In simple terms here is how I understand the algorithm and please correct me if I am wrong: A payer (slide #5) passes a value onto the chain as if it is passed by the payee. And this where I stop getting it:

How payer proves that he indeed can spend that value if he makes it look like operation is done from payee's perspective?
If value, rho, r' and r'' are passed in the form of payee's public key how does it not make such transaction capable to happen only once\or how is it checked and proved?
If a transaction can happen only one and payer needs to prove that he has funds for it how he can not be linked to that transaction?


texts: How would a user mix their NXT coins so they cannot be linked to previous accounts that sent it to the user? One way I thought up of was to deposit your NXT coins into an exchange and take it back out into another account. This is assuming that exchange has alot of transactions to blur the transactions.


texts: Bitcoin mining question about hashrate helping you exponentially

texts: I am a total newb in the crypto mining world and was researching the profitability of bitcoin mining when I came across bitclub which offers almost 4x more profit than mining by yourself. Their argument is that they have more hashpower so they make more bitcoins exponentially. Is that true? Do we make more bitcoins exponentially if we have more hashpower? If I were mining with a super computer, would I make exponentially more bitcoins or would it be the same as per 1H/s multiple by the hash power you have?


texts:
On a tutorial in Youtube
it uses pybitcointools. Upon searching it's github repository, I have found that it was not maintained anymore. Are there any alternative to this library which can get wallet balance?

Thank you.


texts: Get simple BTC value to insert it in excel sheet

texts:
I'm trying to so some maths calculations with Excel but I need to get the current btc value from any website that can provide it in any format but simple as possible.

Do you have any idea to get the current btc value (usd) and update it in real time in an excel sheet? Thanks.


texts: I just made my altcoin, should I list my source code at Github?

texts:
It seems to me that every new coin introduced, they list source code in Github.
Is that customary in the industry?