texts: Where can I find the Bitcoin white paper in plain text markdown format?

texts: Is there a place where I can find the Bitcoin whitepaper by satoshi in plain text markdown format?


texts: How do Blockchain.info recovery mnemonics encrypt wallet data and what prevents hacking of the algorithm?

texts:
How do mnemonics encrypt wallet data and what prevents hacking of the algorithm?

For example Blockchain seems to encrypt all data using a mnemonic yet doesn't hold customer data server side.

What prevents creating numerous Blockchain wallets, recording the mnemonics and discovering the algorithm?

NB. The BCI mnemonic recovery protocol is NOT the same as BIP39


texts: Electrum - Setting up a server - Problems!

texts:
So im trying to request payment through my website but having problems.

Im using Windows 7 x32 as a testing environment. I installed Electrum via the installer and not the standalone exe.

First thing is that electrum is showing this in Preferences when it comes to SSL:

Im using a self-signed certificate that I generated from OpenSSL. Next, i think i messed up when it came to the rewrite settings because when I type in "electrum addrequest 3.14 -m "this is a test" " via CMD (with admin), two files  are generated in the right path of my server

(the index.html was not generated, i coped it from one of the electrum folders)

the index.html was not generated, i coped it from one of the electrum foldersbut without the index.html. I actually tried finding a copy of the index.html and pasting it to the directy of the folder and tried doing the "index.html?id=(ID HERE)" but nothing changed as shown here!

When I tried doing "listrequests()" via the Electrum command line, i got this:

Can someone please tell me where I messed up?


texts: How do I Derive Bech32 Address from P2WPKH Output Script?

texts:
I am building a small script to decode the raw coinbase transaction data into a human-readable viewer without external scripts to better my understanding around the subject.

I've noticed that there are many different types of output script types among transactions. (P2SH, P2PK (as seen in genesis block), P2PKH, etc)

One thing I have not been able to grasp is how to obtain the Base58 address in the new SegWit P2WPK and P2WSH types.

For example, Block #542748 has this coinbase transaction which my script determines to have a pay to witness public key (P2WPK) output with 97cfc76442fe717f2a3f0cc9c175f7561b661997 as the public key hash.

The full output script: 0[] PUSHDATA(20)[97cfc76442fe717f2a3f0cc9c175f7561b661997]

Traditionally, in P2PK, P2PKH and P2SH I've used the image on this thread which works quite well.

When I apply the same method as the pubkeyhash (P2PKH) with the following operations I get a totally different address:

Append version byte:
0097CFC76442FE717F2A3F0CC9C175F7561B661997

SHA-256 Round 1:
f756795a3b878d16bfa9e426a47d857830bb08a02e691f0487cbeac51b510f40

SHA-256 Digest of Round 1:
ea7fe8c3b7680b79ff507c7d1b40bfc29ca8269bb1033cc84010506743cce404

Append checksum 4 bytes: 0097CFC76442FE717F2A3F0CC9C175F7561B661997ea7fe8c3

Base58 Encode: 1EqhwhM5t5NxedLoSuJ6BtBvUMLhanBLxa

This is quite different than bc1qjl8uwezzlech723lpnyuza0h2cdkvxvh54v3dn which is listed on blockchain.info's website here

What's the best way to obtain the same address they have listed (starting with bc1)?


texts: How can I set a fixed fee sufficient for transaction success in bitcoind?

texts:
I used to use sendtoaddress with bitcoind and a fixed 0.0001 btc transaction fee in the wallet UI to do the job and every transaction was sent without any problems.

Since version v0.12.0 I can see that the fee is not fixed, plus some transactions don't transmit to the network.

How can I send transaction with bitcoind that will be 100% relayed ?


texts: Can I figure out the size of a transaction before its sent?

texts:
I want to know the size (in bytes) of a transaction before it's sent.

Is it possible? Maybe with raw transactions? or..

EDIT:

Not a duplicate. The 'duplicate' doesn't address how to find out how big it is. Just addresses how to calculate the bytes (inputs and outputs). I even commented on that thread. How do you find how many inputs and outputs there are. I understand how to calculate it. But how do I figure out if there are 10 outputs or 5 outputs?


texts: Can Bitcoin-Qt be configured to trim the blockchain?

texts:
I run Bitcoin-Qt and Bitcoin Armory on a laptop. I don't have the space to store the whole 20 GB (or however big it is now) blockchain.

I understand the need to run through the entire thing for security, but I'd like it to only store relatively recent blocks + the summarized version (for example, the database of unused outputs / computed ledger). I'd like good security; I just don't have the space to store the whole thing.

Is there some way to configure Bitcoin-Qt / bitcoind to trim its data to a more reasonable size after it's gone through and processed the chain?


texts: Accidentally sent Bitcoin Cash to Bitcoin address held by a third party

texts:
I made an exchange on Changelly to exchange my Bitcoins to Bitcoin Cash. These Bitcoin Cash would later be sent to my address. Unfortunately, I did not check twice and had the Bitcoin Cash sent to my Bitcoin address and not Bitcoin Cash address.

Is there a way for me to reclaim these Bitcoin Cash? They are on a Bitcoin Cash address, just not mine. I checked the address and it only holds my Bitcoin Cash, which means it probably does not exist as an address. Is there a way for me to custom create the address and claim them or how do I get them back?

This is the process of how it went

As BTC in Blockchain.info
Transferred to Bitcoin Cash via Changelly
Transferring done, Bitcoin Cash supposed to be sent to my Bitcoin Cash address, to my Bitcoin.com Wallet but after accidentally having written my Bitcoin address and NOT my Bitcoin Cash address, the Bitcoin Cash is now with that address. I can see the cash at the other address but don't know how to get it back.

Help would be much appreciated. Thanks!


texts: Why are mining pools not removing the 250 kb block size soft cap?

texts:
I might have misunderstood what is happening, but looking at the block sizes it seems that most mining pools are sticking to the 250 kb soft cap, with BTC Guild being the notable exception. There are many blocks that are just under 250 kb, so I assume that pools are excluding certain fee-paying transactions to stay below the limit.

My question is, why are they doing so? Is the marginal cost of including those extra transactions indeed greater than the fee being paid? If not, what is their reasoning for acting in a non-profit maximizing manner?

The whole idea of Bitcoin is based on the assumption that participants behave rationally - i.e. profit maximizing. So what is going on here?


texts: How can I get the transaction indexes involving a particular address

texts: If I want to work with a particular address, I need to know all the transaction indices/hashes that have inputs or outputs to/from that address. How can I find out those values assuming that I have the Bitcoin core installed and synced. Is there a command I can give that will return that information for a given address?


texts: What is the exact formula for calculating transaction fees?

texts:
According to the Wiki:

  If the blocksize is more than 250 kB, transactions get increasingly more expensive as the blocksize approaches the limit of 500 kB. Sending a transaction when the blocksize is 400 kB will cost 5 times the normal amount; sending when it's 499 kB will cost 500x, etc.

What is the exact formula that determines the transaction fee?


texts:
Ubuntu 13.10 & amd-catalyst-13.4-linux-x86.x86_64.zip

xorg.conf created by

# aticonfig --initial -f --adapter=all

Thereafter, i modify it with next /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Section "Module"
        Disable        "dri"
        Disable        "dri2"
EndSection

Start phoenix:

$ ./phoenix.py bitcoin_deepbit_gpu.cfg
[10/28/2013 02:30:08] Welcome to Phoenix v2.0.0
[0 Khash/s] [0 Accepted] [0 Rejected] [DISCONNECTED]X server found. dri2 connection failed!
Trying to open directly...Device open failed

Start cgminer:

$ ./cgminer --scrypt  -T --url stratum+tcp://stratum.coinex.pw:9000 --user user --pass pass --no-submit-stale --queue 4 --scan-time 1
 [2013-10-28 02:41:21] Started cgminer 3.6.6
X server found. dri2 connection failed!
Trying to open directly...Device open failed

I have partially solve this trouble with --gpu-platform 0:

$ ./cgminer --scrypt --gpu-platform 0 -T --url stratum+tcp://stratum.coinex.pw:9000 --user user --pass pass --no-submit-stale --queue 4 --scan-time 1
 [2013-10-28 02:43:12] Started cgminer 3.6.6
 [2013-10-28 02:43:12] Probing for an alive pool
 [2013-10-28 02:43:17] Pool 0 difficulty changed to 64
 [2013-10-28 02:43:17] Network diff set to 0
 [2013-10-28 02:43:17] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2013-10-28 02:43:19] Found block for pool 0!
 [2013-10-28 02:43:21] Found block for pool 0!
(5s):7.156K (avg):18.36Kh/s | A:0  R:0  HW:0  WU:35.4/m
....

But what is it?

Trying to open directly...Device open failed

Why does it trying to open device disabled by module directive in the xorg.conf?

And how to specify platform for phoenix miner?

There is only one option in phoenix config:

name = GPU 0 #The name to display the device as (default is device ID if not specified)

It doesn't help.


texts:
I am a total noob, so this might be a stupid question. I was looking at this transaction, and saw multiple inputs and outputs.

https://blockchain.info/tx/851e8c744494cd01070ca3723ec571137cc29558d1fd4b009bc81c3d75753540

What does this transaction mean? Who is sending to whom? Is this a multisig transaction? Why are there multiple receivers?


texts: How to get started with building an fpga mining device

texts: I plan to make an fpga mining device for bitcoin mining just for the fun of it. I thought understanding bitcoin as  whole would be the first step to take. However I realize that understanding the whole verification and transaction process in bitcoin would take a lot of time. Time that I really dont have. So I just wanted to know what would be the most important things to know related to bitcoin before getting started as only solving the nonce would be the part that I write in verilog/vhdl. The remaining part related to understanding how bitcoin uses Script and processes transaction would be quite unnecessary to know since I am not going to use it for the project. Having said that knowing how the whole system works is important and I will do it but from the point of view of an fpga mining device I would like to know on what to really focus on?


texts: does bitcoin-core support bip44 HD wallet

texts: If bitcoin-core does not support bip-44, is there any other node ?


texts: What is the exact procedure for creating more Ripple currency units (XRP) in excess of the default 100 billion that already exist?


texts:
In 2016 Localbitcoins (LBC) introduced a new stable variable for price equations called btc_in_usd. It was/is based on the rates of the seven most famous exchanges, and LBC calculates a median price from all these sources for btc_in_usd.
Is it possible to fetch history btc_in_usd for my trade, i.e. the rate which was active on LBC at the moment buyer bidded my advertisement? Or just at any point of time.
Thinking from the other side, can I get the price equation for any trade I made, to calculate history rate myself using traded amount?
If it is not possible, maybe I can get history rates from all these exchanges for and calculate this median myself? Are there sources for that?
Thanks in advance.


texts:
I'm struggling to work out how I can setup a channel between two lightning nodes so that I can send a single payment from one node to the other.

I have set up two separate c-lightning nodes connected to two separate bitcoind testnet nodes.

The steps I've taken are:

Node 1 - lightning-cli connect node2id
Node 2 - lightning-cli connect node1id
Node 1 - lightning-cli fundchannel node2-channelid 10000
Node 2 - lightning-cli fundchannel node1-channelid 10000 (fails with "Peer already CHANNELD_AWAITING_LOCKIN")
Node 2 - lightning-cli invoice 1000 i1 i1 (fails with "No channels have sufficient incoming capacity")

How can I set up two lightning nodes so that I can send payments from one to the other? It seems like only the first node can fund the channel (I have read there is work in progress to allow dual funded channels but can't say I completely grasp that). But then it seems as if the channel is only funded from one side there's no way payments can be made?


texts: I am working on a app in which my project communicates with the bitcoin server to get the details of a transaction with transaction id as the parameter. I have bitcoind, bitcoin-cli and bitcoin-qt installed on my system. When I run the bitcoin-qt in regtest mode, I am able to create test transactions in which I can send money to an address and get the transaction id for the same. I use this transaction id in my app, I am able to get the transaction details from bitcoin-qt. The problem is, now my testing is limited to only outward transactions wherein I transfer bitcoins to another account. How can I create some test transactions wherein bitcoins are credited to my wallet?


texts: Is MultiBit secure? And hong long will MultiBit import .aes.json take?

texts:
Two questions:

Is MultiBit secure?
I opened a wallet in blockchain.info, and I want to import .aes.json to MultiBit, hong long will MultiBit import .aes.json take? I waited too long.


texts: Where would a fee come from when I send the remainder of my Bitcoins?

texts:
Say I have 1 Bitcoin in my wallet. I need to pay my friend for something and it just so happens he will accept 1 Bitcoin as the payment. I send my friend my one and only Bitcoin because he is a good friend and the transaction gets confirmed.

All was fine until I went peeping under the hood. I'm running bitcoind so I ran the command listtransactions and looped over everything with an output of console.log(amount, fee).

See the picture below: (send, fee)

In reality I sent 14.3438969 Bitcoins to another address which was the entire balance of the wallet. Where could the fee (-0.0002) have come from? Since I sent the remainder of my coins there are no more to take to pay that.

First let me state that I actually sent the coins to a different address in the same wallet and if that's complicating the issue then I'm just a big dummy but I still don't get it. AFAIK senders get charged the fee? Is this correct? So that 0.0002 would get applied to the senders account (me). But I sent all of my coins so there are none left? Does this mean I have negative coins or that next time I receive part of that will pay the fee.

If anyone could address this and explain conceptually how the fees in the cases I have brought up would work it would be very helpful. I cannot seem to find the docs and who pays the fee, at won't point it's assessed, etc..


texts: Jelurida Public License (jpl) and IGNIS ico

texts:
I've heard alot of hype from several sources about IGNIS coins receiving a share of new coins it is used to forge, but when I finally got round to reading the JPL it appears NXT is the coin that will receive a 10% share (proportional to holdings), but for coins created when the software is FORKED, not when a parent chain forges a child chain?

Could someone clarify what forking the software means it this context and it's implications?


texts: Ho to spend bitcoin in MultiBit Classic in these times of high transaction fees?

texts:
I bought some bitcoin back in 2013 and transferred it to my private wallet managed by MultiBit classic 0.5.17. I have successfully used the system and spent some of the funds in MultiBit Classic as recently as July 2016. Everything worked flawlessly up until that point.

Now I (and I imagine many others) find myself in a tricky situation. MultiBit classic does not allow for transaction fee adjustments and has a hard-coded 0.0001BTC transaction fee. Currently this is about an order of magnitude too low for any transaction generated with such a fee to move along. I know this because I have three transactions stuck in "unconfirmed" state for over a week now. I have tried to migrate the funds to a different wallet, but so far have had no success. MultiBit HD, the replacement for classic does not import secret keys. I also tried Electrum, but that only imports secret key into a "watch only" wallet, so I can't spend any funds from it. I am still looking and trying, but am getting really exasperated. If anyone knows of a way to transfer my bitcoin held in MultiBit Classic 0.5.17 into a modern wallet where I can set transaction fees so that I can move transactions along, please let me know.


texts: Can secp256k1 be implemented efficiently on a 8-bit processor and very limited RAM?

texts: We are trying to build a much simpler version of Trezor. We do have an finished PCB design from a previous project and would like to know whether this design can be modified, without changing the processor, to sign Bitcoin transactions. The current processor is a TI CC2540. Is it possible to get a minimalistic secp256k1 implementation to run on it, or are we just out of luck?


texts: What will happen to my bitcoin if both Core and XT remain indefinitely?

texts: I have some bitcoin in wallets and online accounts in multiple places. What will happen to this bitcoin if both Core and XT remain indefinitely? Will I own twice as much bitcoin, just in two different currencies?


texts: What exactly determines how long it takes a given miner to mine 1 btc block? (not talking about hashrate)

texts:
So given the number of miners out there working on doing the same thing and that 1 block is mined every 10 minutes, it would appear at face value that only those with the highest hashrates would ever be able to earn a block reward as they would have to complete a new block in 10 minutes or less.
This is obviously not the case since lower hashrate hardware can still successfully mine blocks, albeit at a slower rate.
Is each miner starting at a different nonce and just getting lucky or is there some other variable that allows even slower miners to finish a block in 10 minutes?
What am I missing?


texts: Samourai Wallet Can't Increase Transaction Fee with Error: "Cannot create CPFP transaction"

texts:
Using the samourai wallet on android. I sent made a bitcoin transaction with a 1 sat/b fee. It's been uncofirmed for 2 days already. I tried to click on the "increase transaction fee" button, but I get hit with the error: *Cannot create CPFP transaction". How can I fix this issue?

And moving forward how should one pick an appropriate fee to choose instead of just guessing every time?


texts: can man in the middle change transaction before its broadcast?

texts:
i'm very new to bitcoins (started learning it today). i hope i get the question right:

i understand when a transaction is created, using my private key i sign the transaction, but i also provide the public key with it right?

if so, what denies a man in the middle to take it, re-sign using his own private key, and provide his own public key?

regular https handles this issue using a root CA, which i understand doesn't exist in bitcoins concept
encryption is usually used using the public keys, to avoid someone else changing the transaction and re-encrypt it (as it doesn't have the private key to open the data)

so, i don't quite understand what makes it secure as the bitcoin wallet creates a data that is not encrypted, and anyone else can take this data, and alter whatever it wants before it leaves the network

thanks!


texts:
If you hold an IOU from a gateway for $1,000, there's a good chance
  you'll be able to pay that to nearly anyone at very close to face
  value. If you have an IOU from some random guy for $1,000, you may not
  be able to find any payment path to people you want to pay and no
  payment path to a gateway if you want to cash out.

Isnt that a huge flaw in the system? That the one $1,000 can has less value than the other $1,000, based on who the debtor is. The whole power of Bitcoin is that all coins have equal value, and to preserve that philosophy they will never allow tainted-coins.

But with Ripple it looks like my wallet can show $1000, but based on the 'taint' its real value can be as low as $50.


texts: Why isnt a random port chosen for SEED node sockets?

texts:
I connected a node A to bitcoin testnet (Port 18333). The node discovery happens and I see couple of connections between my node A and the seed nodes. All of the sending and receiving happens between nodes ONLY via Port 18333 (I checked this in ThreadSocketHandler)

I add another node B (different laptop hence different IP) to the bitcoin testnet. I initiate a addnode <lappyB_IP>:18333 onetry connection from A and it gets accepted. But now the port A uses to send data is chosen randomly by OS and NOT 18333. This can be checked by
getpeerinfo

We should note that both are outbound connections from A -- namely the first one is we connected to seednode and send one is we connected to another node B. How come in the former data is getting sent via 18333 (default port) but in the later OS decides to chose a different port?


texts: How can I get the Fee involved in a Bitcoin transaction using RPC client (bitcoin-cli)?

texts:
I performed a bitcoin payment in the testnet, here is what I get when I execute bitcoin-cli gettransaction "11b8d5f89793e83e9e10b7ee51fa1b3445f6029f7d7efe4c82b3b261ec513a0e", as you can see the info doesn't include the fee charged in the transaction:

{
    "amount" : 0.20000000,
    "confirmations" : 2148,
    "blockhash" : "0000000086bd0907763b02e8bcd45b18d9320441b7ffe7c019e9c95795c35cd9",
    "blockindex" : 3,
    "blocktime" : 1439865905,
    "txid" : "11b8d5f89793e83e9e10b7ee51fa1b3445f6029f7d7efe4c82b3b261ec513a0e",
    "walletconflicts" : [
    ],
    "time" : 1439865606,
    "timereceived" : 1439865606,
    "details" : [
        {
            "account" : "",
            "address" : "mn2dMSfAX7s77ZD5jY3k8kjcuwtPLgu1Yi",
            "category" : "receive",
            "amount" : 0.20000000,
            "vout" : 1
        }
    ],
    "hex" : "..................."
}

But on blocktrail.com I can see the Fee for this same transaction:


texts: understanding how exchanges "store" bitcoins

texts: I understand that securing your bit coins is basically about protecting the private keys for your addresses. This makes sense from my past dealings with public/private key encryption. How do exchanges handle and store your bit coins for you? Is it basically a secured list of your keys? Can you get access to the keys either to back them up, spend them outside the exchange, or move them to another exchange? What would happen if an exchange was compromised (i.e. siezed). I can imagine that I'd lose any dollars but my bitcoins are still accessible to me outside the exchange as long as I have the private keys, right?


texts: What services let you trace the history of Bitcoins? For instance, if the goal is  to trace all transactions associated with Bitcoins owned by a certain individual or company, what's the best way to accomplish this?


texts: Can't find Multibit wallet file after closing wallet

texts: I closed a wallet in the 0.5.x version of Multibit for Mac.  Now I can't seem to open it. When I use Open Wallet in File the file name comes up, as does my home library, but I can't figure out where it is stored. Thank you for your help.


texts: Bitcoin Core wallet update schedule and transaction

texts:
1) Currently I have Bitcoin Core QT for MS windows 64bit - 32bit version 0.11.2 (yellow one with the most porpularity). Is there any scheduled update of QT to higher version in a near future?

2) I heard from someone that if the Bitcoin Core wallet (same as the above. MS windows 64 bit- 32 bit in yellow color) for each of owner is NOT the same (i.e one has 0.11.0 ver and other has 0.11.2) and receiver's wallet is not synchronized with BTC P2P network, sending BTC from one wallet to other is not feasible and lost permanently. Is this true?


texts: Transaction fees when a block chain is discarded

texts:
I'm a bit new to the bitcoin system, so I apologize if this is a "noob" question.

A user attempts to take all the unverified transactions it knows about and aggregate them in a chain block. The same applies to all the users world wide - they all attempt to aggregate all the unverified transactions into a block chain with a 1 success every 10 minutes on a global scale rate

But - I imagine that when all the devices are trying to do this, all the devices have a slightly different list of unverified transactions, since it takes a while for a transaction to propagate to all the devices world-wide

So let's say device A and device B both create a block at the same time, when some
transactions in A don't appear in B and vise-versa. Then, more block chains are created and  after some time the shorter one is discarded - all the transactions which appeared as verified in the shorter block chain now become unverified again?

If this is the case, what happens to the transaction fees & the 25 bitcoin award given to the guy who created the "bad" block?

I mean, fine - the 25 bitcoin award could theoretically stay with the guy who created the block, since he did do the work, but the transaction fee? It would need to be paid to the next guy who verifies the transaction, shouldn't it?

Or in this case, would the user need to pay 2 transaction fees?


texts:
Why is the Blockchain intended to be a chain and not a tree? Why do orphaned blocks get trimmed off?
Would you please provide a detailed answer.


texts:
I'm running a Bitcoin node on my computer.
Can I configure it so I can join a mining pool?
If so, how to do this, or where can I find the documentation?


texts: How much will I earn by running Bitcoin-Qt?

texts: I'm running Bitcoin-Qt on a dedicated server with a good connection (although, only a modest cpu). What is the frequency with which I will earn bitcoins?


texts: If Two Cryptocurrencies use different curves, Can They be in the same HD Wallet?

texts:
I was looking through some code for HD Wallets and I saw that they used curve param.N which is specific for whichever curve is used.

Does this mean that when using HD Wallets to derive Private keys, they also need to account for the curve?

I know that they need to account for the curve when going from private to public. However, let's say that we were only deriving child private keys, can this be done without knowledge of the curve?


texts: How does bitsquare sell/buy fiat currencies when it is decentralized?

texts:
I noticed that on bitsquare you can sell your BTC for fiat such as usd or euro. But my question is how is that decentralized when you want to cash out with USD or EUR? Who is the middle man that interacts with the bank to do your fiat cash outs?

And second of all how do you get fiat into the system in bitsquare in the first place? Who issues these fiat tokens in usd or eur?

There has to be "someone" that issues these fiat tokens as how do users get fiat tokens in the first place? If they deposit fiat, you need a 3rd party to verify those deposits are legit. Who is this entity?


texts: My friend's address was spent right after I paid him. What happened?

texts: Last time I sent some bitcoin to my friend and the fee that I used was a little low, so I tried to broadcast the tx with online broadcasters. After that the tx was spent from my friend's address (not from mine). It showed that my tx confirmed, but as it confirmed another tx was initiated from my friend's address without the permission of him and was spent to another address what kind of attack is it? I think it's not called double spend since it's not spent from my address, it reached his address first but was then spent from him. Can someone explain??


texts: Why are Bitcoin addresses hashes of public keys?

texts: Currently, Bitcoin addresses and their checksums are constructed from the public key by a using repeated hashing with SHA256 and RIPEMD160. Now I understand the reasoning behind using hashing for constructing the checksum, but why wasn't just the original public key with a checksum added used? Is it just because of the shorter addresses or are there other privacy/security implications of using hashes of public keys instead of just public keys?


texts: Can there be more than one result of decoding a raw transaction?

texts:
I was looking in rpcrawtransaction.cpp and came across the signrawtransaction rpc method. While reading through this method, I thought these lines seemed strange:

    vector<CTransaction> txVariants;
    while (!ssData.empty())
    {
        try {
            CTransaction tx;
            ssData >> tx;
            txVariants.push_back(tx);
        }
        catch (std::exception &e) {
            throw JSONRPCError(RPC_DESERIALIZATION_ERROR, "TX decode failed");
        }
    }

Why is a vector of transaction variants needed here? Could decoding a raw transaction ever have more than one solution?

Maybe this has something to do with unfinished transactions, specifically?

I noticed that sendrawtransaction doesn't have the same loop, but rather just has:

    CTransaction tx;

    // deserialize binary data stream
    try {
        ssData >> tx;
    }
    catch (std::exception &e) {
        throw JSONRPCError(RPC_DESERIALIZATION_ERROR, "TX decode failed");
    }

The below seems relevant, too. It happens near the end of signrawtransaction.

    // ... and merge in other signatures:
    BOOST_FOREACH(const CTransaction& txv, txVariants)
    {
        txin.scriptSig = CombineSignatures(prevPubKey, mergedTx, i, txin.scriptSig, txv.vin[i].scriptSig);
    }

Maybe this has something to do with multisig?


texts: How do pools determine a pool-user's hashrate? It seems they would base it on the particular user's difficulty or rate of accepted shares.


texts: When I receive bitcoins I see a certain number of "confirmations" in the client. What do these mean? Why do most sites make me wait for 6 "confirmations" before a purchase will go through?


texts: electrum wallet listaddress without change addresses

texts:
i use the command

  electrum listaddresses -w .electrum/testnet/wallets....

On a bash console to get all addresses of the wallet.
This however also return the "change" addresses which i cannot actually use on my project.
Is there anyway to filter those addresses on bash or i need to open the wallet file and read it?


texts:
I am confused about the end marker at the end of signatures (in my case, individual sigs for a Tx that spends a P2SH) in pybitcointools:

  pybitcointools:
  304402204dae851c29a117383c5c535086a7fe899c9c5f0d927a4e680498fdd9b244cb15022058fea40a9f8c3988b17556fceacdce063860057fd8c6ad84de40515d287758dd01

  Bitcore:
  304402204dae851c29a117383c5c535086a7fe899c9c5f0d927a4e680498fdd9b244cb15022058fea40a9f8c3988b17556fceacdce063860057fd8c6ad84de40515d287758dd

These are two same signatures (i.e., same Tx, input, private key). Only, in pybitcointools' implementation, you have a 01 at the end. Why?

Does it perhaps have to do with the hashtype?

Thx


texts: BitFinex API call returns 400 bad request - "Could not find a key matching the given X-BFX-APIKEY"

texts:
I dont know what I'm doing wrong, but everytime I try send post request "https://api.bitfinex.com/v1/balances" or some else I got this answer "Could not find a key matching the given X-BFX-APIKEY".

I was trying some aplication, make-online-request-sites, my own program and code from this page BitFinex API call returns 400 bad request.

My api-key looks like dddd where d is digit.

Maybe I dont know how looks like key-api. This should be first column on this site https://www.bitfinex.com/account/api, right? Second is api-secret. Really... I cant understand what I'm doing wrong...


texts: How does Proof-of-Stake works programmatically

texts:
I've researched on the internet, but am still confused about how Proof-of-stack works programmatically.

As mentioned here, in Proof-of-Stake system, A random Nextcoin is selected to be the next "miner". Which node is designated to randomly select a node as the next "miner"? Or in other words, how can a system agree on a random number in a way that can't be manipulated?


texts: What are the sizes of single-sig and 2-of-3 multisig taproot inputs?

texts:
There was a Twitter discussion about the sizes of inputs and Taproot came up. What are the input sizes for Taproot inputs?

Please cover both the key path spend (single-sig or default spend) and 2-of-3 multisig script path spends.


texts: How do nodes come to consensus on whether a timestamp is valid?

texts:
From bitcoin wiki:

  A timestamp is accepted as valid if it is greater than the median timestamp of previous 11 blocks, and less than the network-adjusted time + 2 hours.

If a miner submits a block timestamp on the cusp of the network-adjusted time + 2 hours threshold, some nodes will see the block as valid and some will see the block as invalid, regardless of the work done on the block. How do nodes come to consensus on whether the block is valid?


texts: How would a governmental Bitcoin ban work in practice?

texts:
How does a potantial Bitcoin ban work in practice in a regime that a.) at least partially allows access to the Internet, and b.) has at least one payment system that is not closely monitored by the government, such as cash.

Some difficulties of enforcing such a ban I can imagine:

Outside exchange access

Although direct access to Bitcoin exchanges behind a nationwide firewall can be restricted (and most likely is), there always exist Tor, proxies, tunnels, VPNs etc. In the extreme case, one could think of using a phone as some sort of acoustic coupler to talk to the outside world, provided there is a counter part of such a tech behind that firewall. Or think of satellite access. Talking to a Bitcoin exchange to obtain coins doesn't require much bandwidth. Paying such an exchange could be an issue if, e.g. the banking system closely monitors all parties involved in credit card transactions. But there may be other ways of paying an outside exchange.

What means could be used to ban access to outside exchanges, and how effective can they be?
Running an exchange inside the country

Obviously such an exchange could only trade coins that are already inside the country if points (1) and (3) cannot be overcome, as far as one can talk about locality of coins in a meaningful sense. Is there anything that could prevent anyone running an exchange by means of splitting the coins already in possession for accepting cash, at an ad hoc spot that frequently changes?
Banning the Bitcoin network itself

Ports can be closed by ISPs etc., but that can be circumvented by simply using ports that must be open (HTTP(S), FTP, IMAP)). As with point (1), there can be simple makeshift ways of obtaining the blockchain from the outside, and transferring blocks with transactions from inside the country back into the blockchain.

As with point (1), what means could be used here, and how effective can they be? Also, how can mining be effectively banned?
Bringing coins into the country

Assuming there are no travel restrictions, so they can go overseas, obtain coins there and bring them into the country, either electronically disguised or encrypted on their devices, or as paper wallets that can easily be hidden.

What systems must be in place to prevent physical import of coins? How useful or practical are physical coins (I know they are not very secure, but that's not the point here), provided they can be inserted into electronic wallets again?
Payment

Obviously, officially registered businesses could not accept Bitcoin (at least not officially), but coins could easily be transferred from person to person once (1) is solved, provided they have the means to setup nodes and inject transactions into the blockchain.

How could a ban private to private even work? Is it even practical to impose such a ban?

It would be great if anyone could answer these questions also in the context of nations that are contentious or outright hostile towards Bitcoin, such as Mainland China, India, Kazakhstan, Bangladesh, Ecuador, Bolivia, Algeria etc.


texts:
My Blockchain Wallet Has Been Hacked By Recovery Words.and my wallet id changed
How Can I Get Access To My Wallet Recovery History?


texts: Based on the coinmarket cap api, how do they calculate the bitcoin percent change

texts:
I am trying to figure out how coinmarketcap calculates the bitcoin percent change for other coins. For example on ethereum:

I'm trying to figure out how they calculate that bottom BTC percent change 3.85%.

Their api (https://api.coinmarketcap.com/v1/ticker/?limit=100) spits out this data:

{
    "id": "bitcoin",
    "name": "Bitcoin",
    "symbol": "BTC",
    "rank": "1",
    "price_usd": "8397.08",
    "price_btc": "1.0",
    "24h_volume_usd": "8190950000.0",
    "market_cap_usd": "141531834530",
    "available_supply": "16854887.0",
    "total_supply": "16854887.0",
    "max_supply": "21000000.0",
    "percent_change_1h": "-0.51",
    "percent_change_24h": "1.0",
    "percent_change_7d": "-1.88",
    "last_updated": "1518191066"
},
{
    "id": "ethereum",
    "name": "Ethereum",
    "symbol": "ETH",
    "rank": "2",
    "price_usd": "846.675",
    "price_btc": "0.101377",
    "24h_volume_usd": "3096660000.0",
    "market_cap_usd": "82559453770.0",
    "available_supply": "97510206.0",
    "total_supply": "97510206.0",
    "max_supply": null,
    "percent_change_1h": "-0.2",
    "percent_change_24h": "4.14",
    "percent_change_7d": "-5.14",
    "last_updated": "1518191052"
}

The first number is stated in this "percent_change_24h": "4.14" but they dont show how they came up with that second number ( 3.85% ).

Is there some formula I can create with the data they provide?

Thanks


texts: Is there a Bitcoin testnet that is really small so you can quickly download the blockchain and test stuff?


texts: Is it worthy to use "bitcoin usb block erupter"

texts:
I was searching for Mining hardware on internet and found that a new technology is available known as "bitcoin usb block erupter" for mining bitcoins as 300MH/S

I just want to know if it is useful to use these hardware instead of GPU mining and how to calculate breakeven point for them.

P.S. : I've searched google for many things but there were mixed responses that's why I asked this question here


texts: my transaction is still uncormed after 48+ hours

texts:
I was sent money to my coinbase account and it is still unconfirmed, this is the longest transaction yet for me. can anyone help?

hash id: 9cca279484347e0e17a2a40f3e38fc62e91db0e4c4bd2834f5a504e1ed628733


texts: Blockchaind Node Monitoring and local testnet

texts:
Im getting my self into blockchain. I have a few newbie questions:

I'm Running a few bitcoind Daemons on OpenStack VMs.
Can i Monitor transactions coming in? Can I log all inputs and outputs and traffic of my daemon?
Can anyone point to good documentation regarding creating a testnet, joining testnets?
Any documentation to create more currency on local wallet/local testnet and spend currency in an automated way?


texts: How to utilise more cores when I am cpu mining?

texts:
This is purely an experiment for fun. This is for litecoins but can bitcoin people help me too :)

I am using litecoinqt to solo cpu mine, on my windows machine. Threads set between 4 and 10, scantime of 99.

My main computer has 4 cpu cores. But I am noticing the same speed as when I use my laptop which has only one cpu core. This makes me think I am not using all the cores on my main computer?

Is there a way to force the miner to use more cores?

Thanks


texts: How can i check which date BIP gets `final`

texts:
I want to sort BIP with respect to date they became final, but for some proposals on github there is no date specified, i think refereed as flag day.

From where i can get final date of proposals?


texts: Wallet error ErrorFile=.... /testnet3/wallets/db.log

texts:
I want to use two deamon for sync mainnet and testnet.

I Run $ bitcoind for mainnet without problem
After I run $ bitcoind -testnet But I get this error

BerkeleyEnvironment::Open: LogDir=/home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/testnet3/wallets/database ErrorFile=/home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/testnet3/wallets/db.log

When I run the testnet, bitcoind creates testnet3 folder

I'm using bitcoin 0.17.1

My conf

# /home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf

# remove the following line to enable Bitcoin mainnet
# testnet=1

# Bitcoind options
server=1
daemon=1

# Connection settings
rpcuser=xxxxxxxx
rpcpassword=xxxxxxx

onlynet=ipv4
zmqpubrawblock=tcp://127.0.0.1:28332
zmqpubrawtx=tcp://127.0.0.1:28333

# Raspberry Pi optimizations
dbcache=100
maxorphantx=10
maxmempool=50
maxconnections=40
maxuploadtarget=5000


texts: Transfer money from crypto account to normal bank account

texts:
I'm totally unknown about this topic so I come to all of you with my question.

I sold something online and the buyer wants to pay me through his cryptoaccount. But then he told me that there is an issue with his account and that he needs me to buy a Steam gift card of 50 euro. When I buy this I will receive an e-code that he needs to convert crypto into money?

Is this all legit or is this a total scam?


texts:
I have a Dell Poweredge Server R200 set up with BFGMiner.  Now I know this is old and not very powerful, but I am curious as to how I should use BFGMiner.

When I ran it initially, it was not able to find any devices (unless I am doing something wrong).  I have an Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI ES1000 VGA compatible controller but I dont know how to use this or the CPU for BFGMiner.


texts:
How do I make RPC calls from C?

My question is related to the question: "How do I call JSON RPC API using C#?"


texts: What is the use case of bitcoind ZeroMQ?

texts:
What is the use case of ZeroMQ implementation for bitcoind which will be merged into Bitcoin Core v0.12.0?

Block and Transaction Broadcasting With ZeroMQ
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/doc/zmq.md


texts: How much anonymity do mining pools provide?

texts: How much anonymity does an average mining pool provide to the user (securing your email, other personal information)? What is the best pool to use if you want to remain anonymous, and which is the worst?


texts: Is wallet.dat linked to the blockchain file?

texts:
Just started using Bitcoin today and since I needed them rather urgently, I hastily bought them and transferred them to my wallet before actually setting up my wallet. The client is downloading the blockchain but it’s taking painfully long… 3 hours and counting.

I was just wondering if I downloaded the blockchain from sourceforge without replacing the wallet.dat file will I get the coins I bought and transferred to said wallet?


texts: How to determine if a remote node prunes?

texts: Is there a way to determine if a remote full-node prunes its blocks (i.e., if it doesn't store the entire Bitcoin blockchain)?


texts: Monarch wallet won’t release Bitcoin to Coinbase. No longer supports Bip84 addresses

texts:
Monarch wallet won’t release Bitcoin to Coinbase. It says that Monarch no longer supports Bip84 addresses. Please use a legacy or segwit address to continue.
How can I move BTC out of this wallet?
I started a Trust wallet and can’t send BTC to that one either.
I left coins in the Monarch wallet in 2018. At that time, I could move coins in and out if the wallet.
Do I need to buy monarch coins, or something like that? Or some other form of gas?
Please help.


texts: Coinbase transaction's 100-block cooldown period

texts:
From the developer guide:

  The UTXO of a coinbase transaction has the special condition that it cannot be spent (used as an input) for at least 100 blocks. This temporarily prevents a miner from spending the transaction fees and block reward from a block that may later be determined to be stale (and therefore the coinbase transaction destroyed) after a block chain fork.

Can someone please explain why this constraint is necessary? I mean, how is the output of a coinbase transaction (plus block's transaction fees) different than the outputs of any other transaction?

Or, put differently, if coinbase transactions require a 100-block cooldown period, all other transactions do too, no?


texts:
I know Javascript is not the Language for this matter, however i believe it's the easiest to understand and would be very easy to anyone to port to any other language.

what i am trying to understand is how do i "hash" transactions, "create my own 12.5" transaction concat, append, rehash, hash it once again... as i see here and there...  it all seems very confusing, anyone could explain a bare basic implementation of step by step on what is needed in order to create a valid btc block?

my ultimate goal is to get any random block here https://blockexplorer.com/, and using the exactly same nonce as input recreate the same result


texts: Get fees for each transaction in a block without too many API calls

texts:
Using Blockchain.info's API, my current approach is to query the endpoint for a block then to collect all the transaction hashes within that block:

https://blockchain.info/rawblock/$block_hash

Then I query the endpoint with each transaction hash to get the details of the transaction:

https://blockchain.info/rawtx/$tx_hash

so I can compute the fees: the difference between the input values and the output values.

The problem is that a block can contain upwards of 2.5k transactions, easily taking me over the call limit for the API. Perhaps there is a more economical way to get all the transaction details in a particular block?

The reason why I want to calculate the fees myself is because most APIs don't take into account Segwit transactions. See this conversation:

https://twitter.com/murchandamus/status/925911487440236552


texts: What are the implications of Schnorr signatures?

texts:
Adam Back (adam3us) explained in March, 2014, but it is all math. There's another short post with advantages, though.

This answer on crypto.SE claims that Bitcoin considered using Ed25519 which is based on Schnorr signatures, but decided against it. Even if it is not going to get used, I'd still like to know the implications.

There's a pull request adding them to libsecp256k1. [edit 2019: that pull request used a flawed approach]

Gavin mentioned them on his wish-list for Bitcoin.


texts: Custom Payment Gateway UX Help (in app purchases)

texts:
I have built a very basic custom payment gateway that accepts Bitcoin.
I am running a Bitcoin Core node in a Docker container. I have a backend web service that sends rpc calls to this node to read / send transactions. This web service acts as a bridge from my secured web service to my Bitcoin Core node.
I have an iOS app that I use to accept Bitcoin payments. (it consumes the formerly mentioned web service).
When I want to charge the user (in app purchase), I present the user with the amount of their bill and a QR Code (as any merchant payment gateway would do).
I also allow them to automatically copy the information to the clipboard to paste into their crypto exchange for sending. This is usually how they send the transactions. You can’t exactly scan a QR code if it’s on the same device you’ll be sending a payment from (via the Coinbase app or whatever).
Is there a better way to do this that I’m not thinking of? I really want the UX to be smoother. It would be cool if you could auto-open the Coinbase app and pass data to populate the payments screen in Coinbase, so the user can proceed from there. Maybe using iOS universal links? I can’t seem to find anything on the internet about this level of functionality.


texts: How does the network decide the appropriate rate at which to create bitcoins?

texts: In the debt based fiat system of currency currently being monopolized, the amount of money added into circulation can cause it to deflate or inflate in value.  How does the network calculate the proper rate at which to add more bitcoins?


texts: Changed HDD, New Windows Installation, Can't recover old wallet

texts:
I recently installed Windows 8 on a separate HDD, copied over the BitCoin-qt directory, and the data directory. Including the wallet.dat.

But after running the -resync, my wallet shows up empty, and I have a new address.

Can someone please help me through transferring my wallet, I had 2 BTC in there.

*Note, I ran -resync in CMD and by appending it to the shortcut. I also have a relocated DataDIR


texts: Confused about LND derivation of node's payee pubkeys

texts:
Okay. A short summary of the problem: I'm trying to derive the root key from LND from the aezeed, but I can't get it right.
Assume the following seed (aezeed):
ability quality bulb clap quality piano focus ivory trust essence improve book antique analyst double equip reason venue jazz zoo host potato harvest divorce

For which the following root keys result:
tprv8ZgxMBicQKsPct7CvypLfrMHfanE3cmTwZuy8QTGNgzFZKSqFeXXinsuKvkyMe6DbqdGMu8Xp1fon8E3mgW62RiorqMv6qLV2dqPFX3pETp
xprv9s21ZrQH143K24sgGQxqWCjJMTN1p6jTc1zrFz2otiVmmihkGHBnD3WTQkbKMGhuEQ6VMoWmef61KGgJeUA9DNTDLC9cSUcS7Y5xos3tfBr

To check if these are correct, we derive the node's payee key (identity pubkey), which is m/1017'/0'/6'/0/0
results in 03bb9f9f7734ca9da4ec06543d32456384f878303305a72979e7316825e00749ad
the problem is; the above seed results in 039e625ffe5325224e6273fc5e0afe59f7ec82cb90add45e76f34cfff9efdcac60
(as per LND's getinfo)
Anyone who can spot my mistake?


texts: mac bitcoin wallet question. Private keys?

texts:
I don't understand the bitcoin-qt program (mac). Why doesn't it show the private keys for the addresses I've created? Also, why doesn't it let me delete the new addresses?

Say I want to send money from account X on my mac from my windows computer. How would one do that?


texts: Is there a good tutorial on how to use bitcoinjs exit nodes?

texts:
The documentation that I found seems to contain info about specific API calls, but no top level explaination/example.

Where can I find a practical concise example of using exit nodes?

I'd like to query transactions (say ... poll to see all latest transaction to a specific address), and submit a new transaction.


texts: Is it possible to determine Bitcoin ownership distribution?

texts: Could someone guess on the most likely current Bitcoin ownership distribution? Are most bitcoins still owned by (early?) mining enthusiasts who are waiting for the price to go even higher?


texts: Is it possible to collect bitcoins? (as a collectors item)

texts:
Is there any analogy to collecting BitCoins as there is in the physical world?

For example, some notriety was given to the Pizza for bitcoin transaction here, and one of the answers was able to determine how diluted their wallet was with "pizza coins".

Is it conceivable that a "Bitcoin collector" may want to horde or save those bitcoins for historical value?

How would those bitcoins be traded and sold, without affecting the underlying bitcoin?


texts: Changing p2p to create a quark coin mining pool?

texts:
I've been trying to mine some quarkcoins pretty unsuccessfully.

I can only find two pools that are up and neither seem to have returned anything, even after hashing for 24 hours.

I thought perhaps putting a p2p quark pool up would be a good idea, but there are no guides anywhere, obviously it's new'ish. There are a lot of bitcoin p2p guides.

Just wondering if anybody would be able to point me in the right direction of what parts of the bitcoin p2p I'd have to deviate from to get a quarkcoin p2p running?


texts: How are Ledger Nano S private keys protected?

texts:
I've read quite some material but it boils down that there "is a chip" on Ledger Nano S and the private key never leaves it. But what I would like to know is the following.

Is it encrypted? If so, how? Using my PIN?
I know the device is reset after 3 false tries while entering the PIN, but is the private key really encrypted inside this chip? Otherwise one could (in theory) remove the chip, put is somewhere else and read it out.

Any thoughts?


texts: What is the waste ratio of the overall network?

texts:
The answer to the question "Why do I have to wait 10 minutes before I can spend money I received?"  in the FAQ of Bitcoin contains the sentence

  "For example, if it takes miners 1 minute on average to learn about new blocks, and new blocks come every 10 minutes, then the overall network is wasting about 10% of its work."

But I couldn't get it... What I thought is that only one miner will be the creator the new block, so all the other miners who fail to be the creator have wasted their work. So the waste ratio of overall network should be huge.

Why am I wrong? Can you correct me? Thanks in advance!


texts: What is the best way to exchange MTGUSD to USD?

texts:
Are there any better ways to exchange MTGUSD to real USD with lowest fees and the shortest time?

I had mining some bitcoins and exchange them to MTGUSD at Mt.Gox. But how do I actually use the USD in real life?

I proposed the following solutions but cannot determine which is the best one:

International wire to my local bank, with 15~25 USD as fees. (of course I had more than 50 MTGUSD)
Exchange them to MoneyPak at #bitcoin-otc. Then deposit them to Paypal Dollar.

The first one seems logical, but the fees are so high. If I have only 100 MTDUSD to transfer then the transaction fees will be about 25%.

The second one seems good but it's really complicated. First I have to figure out how bitcoin-otc works, then I'll need to figure out how moneypak -> paypal and calculate the fees (4.5 USD?). Furthermore, I cannot calculate the total fees and the time for transferring.


texts: Having trouble setting up the escrow function - returns transaction ID but doesn't get to blockchain?

texts:
Looking at both this example:
https://earlytemple.com:8181/index.jsp
and this example:
https://gist.github.com/gavinandresen/3966071

I think I plowed through everything to the point where I was doing it all right: I made sure the transaction funding the escrow account came from one of the two parties in the multisig address, in this case it was

createmultisig 2 '["02bf4782452f7605994a27ad130ff2d6ee7f2e3399f8c0be79a114a5c116794277","035602e50d80b4c0066d4bb004f33557b100d421f02a32cd853bb24ead7bbfd351"]'
which produced the escrow address 3QQTMoaJZzkRqWAavPJRvEcTTFt7sRxiPL.

I funded the transaction manually with createrawtransaction, pulling from one of these two accounts, then I created a redemption transaction, then I signed that the way specified in the instructions, then I went to the other machine running bitcoin-qt and signed the output of the previous signing operation with the private key on that side, then I tried a send operation from that machine (didn't let me) so I went back to the original machine and sent it from there (did let me) and it returned a transaction ID of 30a6693a74e9c60a34af0262c14e516dd4ffa75cb9f496cd2f6ba484135bbe2a, which does not seem to be getting into the blockchain.  I've had that happen about three times now.  I specified settxfee 0.0002 to make sure (I hoped) that I was paying to get it included?

Can anybody point me in the right direction here?  I really could get a lot of use out of this function if I could get it to work, and I just can't figure out what I'm doing wrong.


texts: how to get change address using derived BIP44 publicKey?

texts:
I have generated a private key using my master seed private key.

PHP Code:

 $bip44 = HierarchicalKeyFactory::fromExtended($result['masterPrivKey']);

$publicKey = $bip44->derivePath("m/44'/0'/0'")->toExtendedPublicKey();

Now using the public key

    $masterkey = HierarchicalKeyFactory::fromExtended($publicKey);

    $result['address'] = $masterkey->derivePath("m/0/1")->getPublicKey()->getAddress()->getAddress();

Should I just change 0 in the middle m/0/1 to 1 to get change address?


texts: How to create a physical/paper backup for bitcoin-core wallet?

texts:
I am using bitcoin-core for my offline storage.
In electrum I can do a paper backup by writing down the mnemonics.
bitcoin-core seems to be using a different mechanism to generate the wallet.
What I am thinking now is that I can do a paper backup for each private key of the receiving addresses generated in the bitcoin-core wallet. So if I generated 100 addresses and transferred some BTC to all of them, I need to backup all the 100 addresses.
Is this the only way to do a paper backup for bitcoin-core wallet? If this is the only way. I think I should just generate 1-2 addresses only so it is easier to back up, and never forget to always put the change addresses back to those 1-2 addresses.


texts:
Proof of Stake is a proposed modification to the Bitcoin protocol.

maaku claimed that it doesn't require a hard fork / alt chain.

Is this true?


texts: How to create bidirectional channels using LND?

texts:
I created a channel with following command.  But its not bidirectional by default.

lncli openchannel --node_key=02cdf83ef8e45908b1092125d25c68dcec7751ca8d39f557775cd842e5bc127469 --local_amt=390000

How can I make this channel bidirectional. And how can I create bidirectional channels?

Thank you so much for help and guidance.


texts: (litecoin) High hashrate but low amount of submitted shares in solo

texts:
I'm playing around with litecoin mining and have been mining at a pool but decided to mine solo using cgminer.

When I mine at pools the amount of shares submitted to the pool sinks dramatically when I crank up the intensity (180 khash/s at intensity 11 compared to 20 khash/s at intensity 15). This is the same no matter which pool I'm on.

According to cgminer the khash/s go up as would be expected when intensity is upped.

For solo I really want to know if just the submitted amount of shares goes down for some reason or if a higher intensity really somehow ups the khash/s but lowers the submitted shares. cgminer's output is not easily checked for this.


texts:
As the account system is deprecated, I am not using it. But when I try use json-rpc call sendmany, I get the error:

"Account has insufficient funds (code -6)"

But when I call getbalance I have more than enough funds


texts: I already know the answer of a) part which is Alice. Can anybody help me in finding answer of b) part.


texts: Redeem multisig tx using bcoin with multiple inputs (from an exhcnage)

texts:
I have a multisig tx with multiple inputs and I'm having trouble completing this tx.
Here's an example tx https://blockchain.com/btc/address/3HMQrFkYexL3FMhPnXPAoDFsFs8LiqB8ou
Following the bcoin guide, I'm stuck at step 2 during the redeem part. https://bcoin.io/guides/multisig-tx.html
The error I get is Code: -25, Error: bad-txns-inputs-missingorspent
How can one redeem a multisig tx with multiple inputs?


texts:
How does one derive the Redeem Script for the new Pay-to-Witness Pubkey Hash addresses? With existing P2SH it's revealed after providing N number of Public Keys through a createmultisig function in the bitcoin client. Is it the same, just provide a single public key through a createwitness or similar function?

Is it currently available for fiddling with on testnet?


texts: What does "generate" mean when it appears as a transaction's type?

texts: What is "generate" as a bitcoin transaction type? Why are "generate" transactions labeled as "immature" for 100 blocks? Is this type of Bitcoin transaction spendable?


texts:
How to run Bitcoin Core both main and testnet on the same machine?
I want to be able to communicate with both block-chains via RPC.

Do I need to run 2 instances on bitcoind / bitcoin-qt.exe for that?


texts: 64: non-mandatory-script-verify-flag while broadcasting P2WPKH Bech32 with specific inputs


texts: I just started to get involved in bitcoins recently. I was just wondering if it's possible that after I buy some bitcoins on coinbase and then transfer them to armory wallets. Can this be done?


texts: Can anyone assign btc address with wallet?

texts:
can anyone assign btc address with wallet?
I mean if I create like 5 addresses in one wallet, can anyone from outside prove that these 5 addresses belong to one person/wallet?
I know you can see IP that relayed the transaction, but if you use TOR or some other SW there will be plenty of relayed transactions from that IP so it will not say anything.. or am I wrong? Thanks for answers.


texts: Does a blockchain become opaque if it enable's schnorr-signatures, and require trust in the code?

texts:
When you sign a transaction with schnorr-signatures, it does not include the pubkey in the transaction data.

1)Does this mean the input addresses become unknown, aka creating a opaque blockchain ?

2) How can one make sure that for example bitcoin still only has 21 million bitcoins ?

3) How does the UTXO set updated and than later on verified by others, seeing only the output address is know.


texts: How can a programmer contribute to the Bitcoin project?

texts: I'm a programmer and would like to support the development of Bitcoin, but I don't have an original idea for a new project. Where can I find information about tasks and issues that I could put some effort into?


texts: "Assertion Failed!" when I try to open Bitcoin Wallet

texts:
When I try to load my Bitcoin Wallet I get an "Assertion Failed!" window:  here is what the window says:

Program: C:\Program Files\Bitcoin\bitcoin-qt.exe
File: src/main.cpp
Line: 1761

Expression: pfork !=NULL

For information on how your program can cause an assertion failure, see the visual C++ documentation on asserts

(Press Retry to debug the application - JIT must be enabled)

(three buttons:)     Abort     Retry    Ignore

I am a novice and don't know where to start.  I do have a backup on a flash-drive if that is of any help.

Many, many thanks for any help you can give.
Sincerely
Douglas (Scotland, UK)


texts:
Is Blockchain an open source technology or is it owned by a company?

I didn't see it spelled out but Blockchain.com website appears to belong to a company.

There also seems to be different implementations of blockchain databases/ledgers.


texts: The question about "failedTx set" after add TX to new block done

texts:
Try to understand the whole process of mempool working. There is one thing I can't figure out: after add TX to new block done, how to deal with those TXs in failedTx set (those TXs add to failedTx during the new block creating process)?
Could anyone help me? Thanks.


texts: Difficulty of brute-forcing a seed with missing words?

texts:
Given a 12 or 24 word seed with one one or more missing words what would be the difficulty of brute-forcing the missing words? E.g. for:

one missing word
two missing words
three missing words

By difficulty I mean the number of permutations against a dictionary wordlist.

And the related question: how many words would have to be missing in order to make the attack reliably unfeasible?


texts: Is there actual consensus on the blockchain's tip or only until the next block?

texts:
Using this scenario https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/40435

  Let's say we have two competing blockchain tips: They both start from
  Block A as a parent, but then there are two different blocks found at
  the same time: Block B1 and Block B2. Both blocks have the same
  difficulty level, and as we learned above this is independent of when
  exactly they were found. Therefore, the total difficulty of Block A +
  Block B1 = Block A + Block B2. One of the two chains will have a
  greater total difficulty once either Block C1 or Block C2 will be
  found.

Is there consensus on the tip being B1 or B2, or only until C1 or C2 is found?  If 2 blockchain explorers have both B1 and B2, can they randomly choose either to be the tip of the blockchain and both would be deemed to be correct?


texts: Trying to understand Pay-to-Public-Key-Hash

texts:
I am new to bitcoin and I am trying to understand Pay-to-Public-Key-Hash (P2PKH) from the book: Mastering Bitcoin: Unlocking Digital Cryptocurrencies (p. 127). I understand that digital keys (which are derived from private-keys) are not actually stored in the network, but are instead stored by users in a wallet.

For example:
Alice wants to send Bob 1-BTC:

---------------------------------------------------------
| Sender:    Hash(alice-public-key)                     |
| Receiver:  Hash(bob-public-key)                       |
| Amount:    1-BTC                                      |
| Signature: Hash(Encrypt_{alice-private-key}(Message)) |
---------------------------------------------------------

Question:

So how can we verify this transaction is valid without having the
public-key?
If we attach the public-key with the message then why spending
time finding hash of public-key in the first place?
Are we storing
the public keys in some centralized database?
If the recipient provides the public-key and verifies the transaction
is valid how can others validate that was a valid transaction?


texts: Why do I have a socket.timeout with python-bitcoinlib?

texts:
I am using a small script and get a timeout from python. This is my script:

import bitcoin
import bitcoin.rpc
from bitcoin.rpc import RawProxy
p = RawProxy()
hash = '0000000000000001b6b9a13b095e96db41c4a928b97ef2d944a9b31b2cc7bdc4'
infoblock = p.getblock(hash)
print(infoblock['difficulty'])

This is my error:

bitcoin@raspberrypi ~/.bitcoin/BuchSkripte $ python3 49_rpc_example.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "49_rpc_example.py", line 11, in <module>
    infoblock = p.getblock(hash)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/bitcoin/rpc.py", line 306, in <lambda>
    f = lambda *args: self._call(name, *args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/bitcoin/rpc.py", line 236, in _call
    response = self._get_response()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/bitcoin/rpc.py", line 261, in _get_response
    http_response = self.__conn.getresponse()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 1198, in getresponse
    response.begin()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 297, in begin
    version, status, reason = self._read_status()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 258, in _read_status
    line = str(self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1), "iso-8859-1")
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/socket.py", line 576, in readinto
    return self._sock.recv_into(b)
socket.timeout: timed out

When using the same method getblock via bitcoin-cli it takes 120 seconds to finish on my Raspberry. If the timeout is related to this duration, can I increase it in the script?

I read that the socket timeout can be set but I wonder if I can do this if I use a library for the connection.


texts: I've downloaded Multibit Bitcoin Client, but I don't know how to view what my wallet address is?

texts:
I am attemting to purchase some bitcoins with a cash deposit to my bank using this site: https://www.canadianbitcoins.com/index.php

The site requires me to validate my wallet address so they know where to deposit the bitcoins. I am very new at this and I don't know what my wallet address is. I don't even know if I have one yet, becuause all I have done is downloaded a bitcoin client (Multibit).


texts: Installed bitcoin-qt and Tor, allowed firewall, Tor connects, but Bitcoin doesn't

texts:
I did these things but Bitcoin still says 0 connections. What's the problem?

Windows 7 32bit. Installed bitcoin-qt
Installed Tor Browser bundle
I allowed all local outbound connections in my firwall (remote connections allowed only for Tor, for bitcion they're forbidden).
Run bitcoin.exe and enabled SOCKS proxy 127.0.0.1 on port 9050.
Exit bitcoin.exe, run Tor Vidalia, wait till it say "Connected to Tor"
Run bitcoin-qt.exe
Wait, wait, wait... 0 connections. In Resource Monitor I see only Tor connects to the internet. Bitcoin doesn't connect anywhere.

Please help.


texts:
I have a core wallet from 2011. a version 0.4.0 beta with almost 1 BTC.
When I start up bitcoin.exe I can see content and all my adresses, but it constantly pops up with an error saying:

EXCEPTION: 11DbException
Db::put: Not enough space

I still have 30 GB left on disk.

I would like to move the bitcoins to a newer wallet, but I'm afraid to lose them as the SW is very old.

What can you recommend I do?

As a sidenote: it is Bitcoin.exe I have started. bitcoin-qt.exe dies after trying to import blocks for a while. I'm not sure which one to use....

Thanks


texts: Why is it impossible to modify a transaction in the blockchain?

texts:
Many pages (including Wikipedia) say that it is impossible to modify a transaction which is already in the blockchain included.

But why is it so difficult?


texts: Post SegWit Inclusion, how long until Lightning Network is included in the core?

texts:
Introduction - Reason for asking this question
With most of the money in the cryptocurrency domain still being utilized in transactions on crypto-exchanges and the numerous hacks that have previously occurred, centralization of the exchanges and their respective wallets have become a major concern.
Though centralization can resolve a lot of issues currently present in the blockchain (majorly referring to bitcoin while addressing this question), there are highly potent second-layer technologies that can achieve the same in a decentralized fashion.
Lighning Network - theQuestion
While being a second-layer (and not requiring a hard-fork for implementation) technology that solves the use case of micro bitcoin payments and further reducing (probably) the transaction fees, LN (from its documentation) champions the possibility of micro-payment/transactions and fast confirmations, while keeping the block size same and also bringing bitcoin payments to the level of mainstream adaptation as a medium of universal payments.
It also solves the problem of the evergrowing transactions record-keeping (heavy storage memory consumption) by not recording useless intermediary transactions on the blockchain.

Schnorr probably is also a viable solution for the block size optimization

Though the implementation of this second layer technology was/is heavily dependent on SegWit (malleability) and MultiSig and that being resolved, what are the major roadblocks for the LN to make it to the bitcoin core?
Ref: Does segwit solve malleability of the witness part?
Second Layer Development and Inclusion (optional extended question)
How does one determine the viability of a second layer technology being included in the bitcoin core and what are the pre-requisites that are to be met for inclusion?
Ref: How thoroughly has Segregated Witness been tested?


texts: How much bitcoin debit card really cost?

texts:
Just read this article about Bitcoin debit cards. Two interesting statements I noticed:

customers are not required to complete ID verification provided if they are happy to stay within the lower debit card limits
there is also no loading fee

Guess when using in a supermarket, coins are sold on the fly on an online bitcoin stock exchange. Can not believe there is no service fee for transaction. Is it any hidden cost above 15 something dollar?

What if I register myself as "Mickey Mouse"? Will they approve it?


texts: Do the leading zeros in the desired hash pattern for mining change?

texts:
If I understood it well, miners collect transactions in temporary files on which they apply a cryptographic function. The result will be reviewed against a desired pattern.

Does this "desired pattern" always have the same leading zeros? Or does that change now and then?
If it changes now and then, what triggers this?


texts: Pass Multiple addresses in redeem p2sh script

texts:
I have the following code

const script = this.app.env.bitcoin.script.compile([
hashOpcode,
Buffer.from(secretHash, "hex"),
this.app.env.bitcoin.opcodes.OP_EQUALVERIFY,

 Buffer.from(recipientPublicKey, "hex"),
 this.app.env.bitcoin.opcodes.OP_EQUAL,
 this.app.env.bitcoin.opcodes.OP_IF,

 Buffer.from(recipientPublicKey, "hex"),
 this.app.env.bitcoin.opcodes.OP_CHECKSIG
])

But i want to pass one more address. Like this:

Buffer.from(recipientPublicKey, "hex"),
this.app.env.bitcoin.opcodes.OP_EQUAL,
this.app.env.bitcoin.opcodes.OP_AND,
Buffer.from(exchangePublicKey, "hex"),
this.app.env.bitcoin.opcodes.OP_EQUAL,
this.app.env.bitcoin.opcodes.OP_IF,

Buffer.from(recipientPublicKey, "hex"),
this.app.env.bitcoin.opcodes.OP_CHECKMULTISIG,
this.app.env.bitcoin.opcodes.OP_AND,
Buffer.from(exchangePublicKey, "hex"),
this.app.env.bitcoin.opcodes.OP_CHECKMULTISIG,
this.app.env.bitcoin.opcodes.OP_ELSE,

But its not working and i am getting only on 1 in txout. whats the correct way to add another multisig address ?

Just want to follow this pattern:

redeem script: 2 <pubKey1> <pubKey2> <pubKey3> 3 OP_CHECKMULTISIG


texts: How is Public Key extracted from (message, digital signature, address)

texts:
I'm under the impression that a public key is revealed when you sign a message.

Given these 3 inputs.
P2PKH Address, Digital Signature, Message.

Is the public key exposed?
If so, how do you extract the public key from these 3 inputs?

Also, I'm still a little confused on why no applications do this with bech32 addresses. (I've heard it's because derivation path isn't defined... but will it ever be)?

Thanks!


texts:
I'm thinking of developing a mining pool for myself and close friends.  I realize that there are large pools like BTC Guild, Slush, etc. that we could join, but I like the idea of creating my own.

I'm taking delivery of 6 Neptune miners from KnC in Q2 that will give me 18 TH/s.  I know that's not a great deal, but it's a start...and my friends will add their own computing power as well.

To be honest, I'm not a "technical" kinda guy; I'm a business man.  So here's my question(s):

1) How would I go about developing a pool and handle automatic payouts?
2) How could I create a dashboard that allows my friends (and maybe one day the public) to see their mining activity?

I appreciate and look forward to your responses.


texts:
I bought 10 bitcoins, 4.5, and .4 on Oct 18/19 @ around $150-160.  On Oct 24, within almost the hour that the coins were supposed to arrive, I receive the following email for all 3 transactions:

  On Oct 18, 2013 you purchased 10.00 BTC via bank transfer for
  $1,556.76.

  Unfortunately, we have decided to cancel this order because it appears
  to be high risk. We do not send out any bitcoins on high risk
  transactions, and you will receive a refund to your bank account in
  3-4 business days.

  Please understand that we do this to keep the community safe and avoid
  fraudulent transactions. Apologies if you are one of the good users
  who gets caught up in this preventitive measure - we don't get it
  right 100% of the time, but we need to be cautious when it comes to
  preventing fraud.

  You may have more luck trying again in a few weeks. Best of luck and
  thank you for trying Coinbase.

  Kind regards, The Coinbase Team

I didn't think it was a big deal after doing a little research since they have squared things away with similar situations, and I've made a 10BTC transaction in the past, but i was a bit worried because of the size of the transactions and the movement of the market.  I ask this how could this be fixed?

6 days later, I finally get a response:

  Sorry for the confusion on that. It looks like your recent purchases
  were canceled due to appearing high risk, and a refund has been sent
  to your bank account.

  I know it must be frustrating to have this happen, but it's an
  unfortunate necessity that we exercise caution when selling bitcoin
  online in order to protect ourselves and the bitcoin community from
  fraudulent transactions. While bitcoin transactions from one account
  to another do not face this kind of cancellation, we can't guarantee
  the sale of bitcoin to every account due to the high risk nature of
  selling them online. If you try a purchase at a later time then you
  may have success getting it to go through. Please don't hesitate to
  shoot me an email if you have any further questions!

  -Rees D. Sloan

  Customer Support Specialist

This response really didn't tell me anything.  So I ask what my other options are and here is there next response:

  Hi _ ,

  I am extremely sorry for the confusion on this. I've taken further
  steps to review your account and at this point we've been able to get
  you whitelisted. Any future purchases you make from this point forward
  will not encounter this cancellation. Unfortunately, since the refund
  has already been sent out on these original purchases, I'm unable to
  push through or re-create the original transactions.

  Again, I apologize for the frustration this has caused. If you need
  further assistance please let me know and I'll be happy to help!

  -Rees D. Sloan

  Customer Support Specialist

Something really just doesn't add up here.  At the date and time that the bitcoins were supposed to be added to my account, the price was at like ~199 and 200+ on bitstamp and mtgox.  Thats ~$50 increase since the time i bought it, costing me nearly $7-800.

So what did coinbase do with the ~$2500 that was in limbo for so long?  And what happened to the bitcoins that was purchased at much cheaper prices?

I mean coinbase could have just denied these transactions right away, and I could have went to another site to buy it right away.

The thing that really hurts about this is that none of this money was mine.  I am just a student and I finally convinced family and friends that bitcoin is a worthy investment and they finally trusted me giving me this money to invest.  Is there anyway that this could be reconciled?


texts: How to upgrade Bitcoin Core on Mac OS with binaries from tarball?

texts:
I want to upgrade to version 0.21.1 from an older version I built from source. However, it is unclear to me how I can upgrade using the .tar.gz file that's available from the Bitcoin Core website.
I think I found how to do the first step:
tar -xvf bitcoin-0.21.1-osx64.tar.gz

But after that, it's unclear to me how to proceed. Just trying to learn this stuff - many thanks for your help.


texts: I changed bitcoin address but the bitcoin is still stuck in the old address and i don't know how to access my former address??? Please help me

texts: I sent bitcoin to my bitcoin core app a few weeks ago, however the app wasn't synced so i tried to export the private key but it wouldn't work, it said it couldn't work for the address, so i changed address but the bitcoins remained in the previous address, i updated my hard drive so i could sync the app and now the app doesn't have my old address in my history but the coins are still in the old address, is there any way i can access the former address??


texts: What challenges will bitcoin face in space?

texts: What would the challenges of transacting in outerspace be for bitcoin? What improvements need to be implemented to address these challenges? I'm particularly curious about low-earth orbit.


texts: Bitoin payment sent and confirmed, but not received

texts:
I have sent and received a number of payments via the request function without problem. However, when I sent two payments directly from one bitcoin wallet address to another (from a business account to a personal account, public addresses), they are yet to arrive at the target! Is there an extra step I need to complete? I can't see that there is.
Thank you
 D

Transaction IDs
 e9104412aac5327e5eaad31485335d822d5e7a22f00c370d8f055286ed02e187 /
0e5fcac8b0618eabff747a0dea4cf4ff7dddf4b323e52f3473cd7581a88c425c


texts: Can't use Bittrex Exchange python-bittrex api call: no output

texts:
I'm completely new to python (and programming), and I know this question will sound very dumb to most of you people. I'm experimenting on getting datas from the cryptocurrencies exchenge bittrex and put it into variables into my script for further calculations. I'm trying to make this unofficial repository working to fetch datas from their api. While I have no problems with the public datas (fetching with curl), I can't get this piece of python to work, and thus I can't fetch balances nor any other private datas.

In order to install it I made the following:

wget https://github.com/ericsomdahl/python-bittrex/archive/master.zip
unzip master.zip
cd python-bittrex-master
python setup.py install

The following files were created:

ls -la /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/bittrex/
total 48
drwxr-sr-x 2 root staff  4096 Sep 30 15:04 .
drwxrwsr-x 3 root staff  4096 Sep 30 15:04 ..
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root staff 15357 Sep 12 18:34 bittrex.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root staff 17302 Sep 30 15:04 bittrex.pyc
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root staff     0 Sep 12 18:34 __init__.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root staff   145 Sep 30 15:04 __init__.pyc

Then I created this test files, but they are both producing no output:

cat get_balances.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
from bittrex.bittrex import Bittrex
api = Bittrex('fXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXd', '1XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0')
api.get_balances()

and

cat get_markets.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
from bittrex.bittrex import Bittrex
api = Bittrex('fXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXd', '1XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX0')
api.get_markets()

Before I did python setup.py install the output was: ImportError: cannot import name Bittrex

I tried to troubleshoot it running with python -v in front but it did produce 500 lines of output that I didn't manage to understand, I'd share it of course if someone asks for it.

While I'm writing I'm sure I'm missing something very trivial, sorry if it's a dumb question, but documentation is lacking any principle, it's very few and it assumes that who is integrating this code is a developer; and I'm not.

Following suggestions from another forum I did:

root@my:/home/me/test/python-bittrex-master# pip install bittrex
Downloading/unpacking bittrex
  Downloading bittrex-0.1.4.tar.gz
  Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/bittrex/setup.py) egg_info for package bittrex

Downloading/unpacking requests==2.7.0 (from bittrex)
  Downloading requests-2.7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (470kB): 470kB downloaded
Installing collected packages: bittrex, requests
  Running setup.py install for bittrex

  Found existing installation: requests 2.2.1
    Not uninstalling requests at /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages, owned by OS
Successfully installed bittrex requests
Cleaning up...

python get_balances.py
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:90: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.
  InsecurePlatformWarning

So there is a warning, but still no output.

If you try the code I pasted as is, it should return "invalid api", while it throws no output on my system. How to troubleshoot this?


texts: What is a midstate? How does using a midstate speed up hashing?

texts:
This defines "midstate" as the "precomputed hash state after hashing the first half of the data."

I've heard "midstate" used in the context of speeding up hashing. How does using a midstate speed up hashing?


texts: who gets bitcoin transaction fees and how much are they worth, in general?

texts:
Antpool says it keeps transaction fees to give to their engineers.

How much does amount to, in general?  Is it the 50 bitcoins or whatever it is?  Or is it a different amount?


texts: Create a raw transaction and broadcast it to blockchain using bitcoin core

texts:
I have a address- n3xYQtxvVwpBPSbgGsGRdMWz1YTUjakiMV, amount  that i want to send-1 BTC and i have a private key. How can i create a raw transaction using it and broadcast it to blockchain using bitcoin core.

I have tried this command:

bitcoin-cli createrawtransaction '[{"txid":"dbdc2e2c7f143af70c5e7e8725f55d226b3c058d7bf34a303091b3c6a514848c","vout":1}]' '{"n3xYQtxvVwpBPSbgGsGRdMWz1YTUjakiMV":1}'

and this: bitcoin-cli sendrawtransaction XXX


texts: Storing HTML websites in the blockchain?

texts:
I see that the blockchain has enabled lots of different distributed networking principles, other than just enabling cryptocurrency. For example Namecoin uses the blockchain for storing DNS data.

I am wondering about the feasibility of storing entire websites in the blockchain. For example, the likes of Wikileaks could find a safe haven in a blockchain which anyone could easily have a copy of and browse locally, off-line or simply anyone could host and manage a website that would be practically impossible to shut-down, since there would be no single point of failure.

Of course this could only enable static content and it would be impossible to have a secure storage system unless it was referenced outside the blockchain, but that would defeat the purpose. But there are many valuable websites out there for which this wouldn't be a problem.

Thoughts?


texts: Getting a "couldn't connect to server" error on getblockchaininfo

texts:
When I give the following command I get an error after a LONG lag (maybe 15-20 minutes):

~: bitcoin-cli getblockchaininfo
error: couldn't connect to server

Why?


texts: Getting Error "Unable to sign input, invalid stack size (possibly missing key)"

texts:
I have created a key from using coinstring, and then imported it into my wallet. Then I ran:

bitcoin-cli signrawtransactionwithkey "$rawtxhex" "[\"$mykey$\"]"

But it results in:

Unable to sign input, invalid stack size (possibly missing key)

Any ideas? My mykey is not actually a variable, I am hardcoding it in my specific case so I know it is present.


texts: How to make Bitcoin-Qt client portable? (Windows)

texts:
It is a nice project and all, but I think in 2013 it shouldn't be a challenge to save all of an application's files into its own folder (maybe even by default), so you can use it without installing/uninstalling.

I just don't have that much space on drive C. I use drive D for stuff. Is there a solution?

Google just brought me to this discussion which lead to all the fancy alternatives to the original client. I just want to try original Bitcoin-Qt first.

Would no one be interested in a portable Bitcoin-Qt? It would be very useful in my opinion.


texts: Multisig (2 of 3) BCH, one signed before fork, one after

texts:
Right before the BCH fork a multisig (2 of 3) transaction was signed by the other party, and mine after the fork and successfully broadcasted (coinb.in), so got my BTC.

Later I realized there might be BCH in there as well, but broadcasting the same final raw hex on the Bitcoin Cash mainnet (viabtc.com) keeps failing.

Am I missing something here? Or is it impossible because the other party's raw transaction hex code is not recognized on the BCH chain?

Broadcasting on blockdozer returns;
An error occured:
16: mandatory-script-verify-flag-failed (Signature must use SIGHASH_FORKID). Code:-26


texts: Scaling fee solution for Bitcoin lightning?

texts: Currently it cost $0.000116736 USD  (1 satoshi) fee to make a transaction on lightning. What are some other scaling solutions to lower the fees? Can we just increase the decimals and have sub-satoshi fees for lightning?


texts: Can the same wallet be run from multiple computers

texts: How can i personally utilize many of my home and office computers to mine bitcoin for the same address or user? Does bitcoin allow that? Also if i have supercomputing facilities does it mean i can generate bitcoins every minute?


texts: How does a wallet learn of a transaction it has received?

texts: I'm curious how a wallet learns of an incoming transaction. Is it constantly searching the blockchain for blocks containing addresses it generated?


texts: Keeping Track of User Deposits with Bitcoin

texts:
I found the following statements about Bitcoin on the Ethereum SE:

When using Bitcoin one can generate new address per user of service
and save pair (address -> userId), so it is always obvious which
specific user sent coins.
Also, all these coins are stored in the wallet as UTXO, so it is easy to send them to another address paying fee once

I need to generate different unique deposit addresses for each user,
so they can send funds to their accounts while I can keep track of how
much each user deposited. This is fairly easy in other cryptos such as
bitcoin

Are these statements true?
If so, can someone explain why it "is fairly easy" to do this in Bitcoin"? Doesn't Bitcoin also require UTXO Sweep when consolidating BTC from many addresses to one address? I was under the impression that BTC does not allow multiple public addresses corresponding to a single private key?


texts:
I plan on reformatting my main drive. I did this once before and of course lost access to my Bitcoin Core wallet and the Bitcoins therein.

Does anybody know how I can go about transferring my Bitcoins before or after I reformat my drive?

Can I just copy and paste the Bitcoin Core folder to my second drive before formatting, and then transfer it back afterwards?


texts: Why can't an ISP ban access to a blockchain network?

texts:
I read that blockchain sits on top of the internet and is decentralised. We still have to access the blockchain network via an ISP. Without ISP, we can't access the internet so why can't an ISP block access to a blockchain network completely?

Many has talked about p2p but without ISP, how can we connect to other nodes? Isn't it an easy feat for an ISP to block blockchain?


texts: Bitcoin transaction fee is more than balance?

texts:
I have some bitcoins which values 2.45 USD in my wallet.
When I want to send my bitcoins, blockchain (my client) prevents to do it. It tells me that my fee is more than my current balance!
I can't understand it! Then how can I use my money ??


texts: I'm running Electrum in test mode (electrum --testnet) and have therefore created a new wallet for it. I've also successfully received some coins via Faucet. But when checking the public key for the wallet, it starts with xpub, which doesn't make sense as according to this site it should start with tpub. How can I get the right public key, as I need it for some online service (mycelium GEAR) and it's complaining that this is a key for MAINNET.


texts: What's the advantage of making a new node sync from the genesis block?

texts:
Bitcoin's blockchain is very much like a version control. It versions the unspent output database (and some metadata I don't know about) and blocks represent the deltas (commits or patches) to this database.

Now if you want to know the state of the system after 1000 blocks, you need to start from the genesis block, then download, verify and apply 1000 blocks (patches) to it. Now we are beyond 500000 blocks and syncing up new node takes ages.

Version controls solve this problem by inserting a full snapshot instead of deltas after several revisions so one don't have to apply all patches from first to last to get to the latest state. But this is not necessary.

It's enough if patches contain a hash of the state they are patching allowing the verification of the deltas themshelves. So if you have revision 1234 of the state, the patch that upgrades it to revision 1235 contains a hash of it. So the one who applies the patch can verify if they apply it to the correct state (it would be cryptographically very difficult to forge a different state that matches the hash and appear valid). So it's technically possible to design a system that allow syncing from the middle.

In case of the blockchain this would simply mean that instead of storing the hash of the previous block, it would store the hash of the previous state of the utxo database. This would mean that if I could download the utxo database eg. at block 500000, I could start apply the next 6000 blocks to it and reach the correct latest state without having to start from the genesis.

However the current design of blockchain doesn't allow this. You have to start from block 1 and catch up from that.

In 2009 when Bitcoin started version controls were probably well known already. And I think I wasn't the only one who suggested and discussed this. Probably there is a good reason for not allowing to start from the middle. So what's the advantages of having to start syncing from the genesis?


texts: One private key generate many public keys?

texts:
I created wallet in BitPay. I have public and private keys.

Then I created wallet in Electrum using existing private key.

Now wallet in electrum has other public key than in BitPay but
the same private key.

Is it ok? Addresses generated in one application can be visible
in second one? Where can I read about rules of generation keys and
addresses described in simple words?

I generated wallet in electrum using the same private key second time
and i obtained the same public key like last time I generated on electrum, but not the same like in BitPay wallet. I do not understand why.


texts: Changing the first payout address when a reward + fees is generated

texts:
I would like all my mined coins (solo mining, testnet so far) to go to a different default account.  I'm not referring to the distribution a mining pool will do to all of its miners (Pay per share, etc). Instead I'm talking about the first payout where a reward + fees is generated.

How would I go about doing this?

My goal is to make keep the private key (where the first 25 BTC is sent) offline and


texts: Transaction failure due to "made-up" transaction

texts:
For instance, if I am trying to send 1 BTC to an address, however, I do not have enough BTC. What will happen to this transaction?

Will the sender and the recipient both receive notification regarding the status of transaction?


texts: What should I choose - GPU Mining or CPU Mining?

texts:
I have a HP Pavilion G6-2313AX Laptop with
Processor  : APU Quad Core A10 and
Graphics  : 512 MB AMD Radeon HD 7660G (Integrated) and 2 GB ATI Mobility Radeon 7670M HD Graphics (Dedicated)

I know both specifications are not enough for dedicated mining. But I'm interested in it and just want to try mining.

Please help.


texts: Taking control of the dynamic bitcoind tx fee

texts:
I'm running bitcoind for a service that works with quite small user withdraws most of the time.
Recently I noticed that instead of the standard 0.0001 tx fee from the recent past, it already charges up to 0.0008 for some transactions which I find expensive for this specific use case. (I read about that update to dynamic fees but then forgot about it)

getinfo gives "paytxfee" : 0.00000000" by the way.
I haven't explicitly set the fee in bitcoin.conf

So, if one doesn't want to take advantage of the dynamic fee but set a fixed one
- How is best to do it? Just "bitcoin-cli settxfee 0.0001" or in the .conf file? Would it actually be enforced or it will still disregard it in some cases?
- if it actually works to set it as fixed, how do you think that would affect the confirmation time? Will 0.0001 be fairly enough for the time being to get in the very next block?


texts: Xemian Xchange Api for Java, returning a default of 100 market orders

texts:
For sometime I am using this java API http://xeiam.com/xchange/ for building bitcoin trading robots. Today I got a bit stuck and I wanted to see if somebody had the same issue before.

I call the order books like this:

OrderBook orderBook = exchangeMarket.getExchange().getPollingMarketDataService().
                                getOrderBook(CurrencyPair.LTC_BTC, new int[] {20});

My problem is that the orderBook object contains 100 asks and 100 bids. I just want 20. Does anybody know why this is not returning the amount I pass in the second parameter? BTW, if I try 150, it also returns 100. I don't know how to modify the amount of returned elements.


texts:
As I understand, when multiple persons mine blocks, only the first one who  solves block is the winner and gets rewarded.

Basically the winner is the one (solo miner or group in pool) who has the most computing power.
That said, when the next block is being mined, again the same person will win because of his computing power.

My question is, how the other mines with less power get chance to win i.e to find the hash of the block before the most powerful miner (regardless if that is person or group) ?


texts: How does one lock their own Bitcoins for X amount of blocks and prove that you locked it?

texts:
Is there a method of locking Bitcoins for X amount of blocks and also being able to prove its locked? How would one do this and with what wallet? Mobile wallet possible?

Reason why is I'd imagine one can build some interesting applications for this if you can PROVE you locked the coins for X amount of time. What if there was some type of bounty reward paid if X amount of bitcoins was locked for say 1-5 years?


texts: Multiple bitcoin transactions between addresses in the same wallet

texts: I have two wallets: one in coinbase and one in blockchain.info. I imported several outside addresses(created in bitaddress.org) in my blockchain.info wallet. However, sometimes when I transfer bitcoins from my coinbase wallet to my blockchain.info wallet, the transaction is followed by several (usually two) transactions within my blockchain.info addreses (in the same wallet). As if the money is being bounced off within the addresses inside the wallet. Is there any reason for this?


texts:
Bitcoin's goal is a decentralized democratic value system.

But miners and platforms are already consolidating into bigger more powerful entities.

What's to stop it?

I feel a crypto will only be truly democratic when the holders are also the miners, and the markets.


texts: Looking for unit testing data for Block.Bits to & from a JSON-RPC string

texts:
I'm trying to convert the JSON-RPC result of a Block's compressed bits property into a C# float with the following constraint

 //3  bytes mantissa, the leading byte as exponent (where only the 5 lowest bits are used) and its base is 256

Is there any sample data I can use to verify my implementation is working?

A JSON-RPC string, and it's corresponding 256-bit output in Big Endian format would be a great help.


texts:
I would like to Base58-encode this String:

    56379c7bcd6b41188854e74169f844e8676cf8b8

My current Java code looks like this:

    String test9 = "56379c7bcd6b41188854e74169f844e8676cf8b8";
    byte[] b2 = new BigInteger(test9,16).toByteArray();
    String test8 = Base58.encode(b2);
    System.out.println(test8);

As result I get:

    2CffxtJsCdzJEaHXHjSkvb12p12P

but I should get:

    39YteymR86cG7V3Kijg8Gm2ST1r4nTeM1b

Can someone help me, please?


texts:
When using OP_PUSHDATAs in different Scripts, how are the next bytes denoting the amount of bytes to be pushed encoded? Are they to be treated as unsigned integer, or signed (like the data that is taken from the stack?)? Are they big endian, or little endian?

OP_PUSHDATA1    76  0x4c    (special)   data    The next byte contains the number of bytes to be pushed onto the stack.
OP_PUSHDATA2    77  0x4d    (special)   data    The next two bytes contain the number of bytes to be pushed onto the stack.
OP_PUSHDATA4    78  0x4e    (special)   data    The next four bytes contain the number of bytes to be pushed onto the stack.