texts: Will the transaction fee economy in Bitcoin follow the commission model?

texts:
I've been analyzing the long term results of the block chain. In the process I realized the relationship between the distribution of coins over time, transaction fees, and coins being lost. The full paper is available here and is about 3 pages long:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/18RirEreHjr8AVrxeL6_MeN_pQPCxWnoj1s_qPunMLX8/edit#

If this is accurate would the transaction fee system we transition to be a commission model?


texts: Running builds from pull-tester on windows results in crash on startup

texts:
What to do to run them on Windows 7? Just using a normal installation, x64, where normal bitcoind.exe, downloaded from bitcoin.org runs fine...
The builds which crash are from http://jenkins.bluematt.me/pull-tester/


texts: Can Bitcoin full nodes pinpoint the true source of a transaction which they've relayed?

texts: Assume I'm running a full node and that I've relayed some transactions. As a full node owner, can I pinpoint the true source of the transactions I've relayed?


texts: Does synchronization takes such long time for first time or every time when syncing?

texts: My internet bandwidth is around 10 - 20 KB/s. If I could sync with it for the first time then no problem. If I should need to sync it every time when opening it then it's really a big problem for me.


texts: Why does Taproot require a new address format?

texts:
Dawid Ciężarkiewicz asked on Twitter:

Hey #bitcoin ers. I'm trying to figure out why taproot needs a new
address format, as I missed it. If you have a good link or something -
please share. I thought that "A Taproot output is a native SegWit
output with version number 1 (...)" means that bech32 will do.

and I'm asking the question here to provide better visibility to the question and answer.


texts: Where is the data folder for Bitcoin-Qt?

texts: Where can I find the blockchain, wallet.dat, etc. on each of the operating systems Bitcoin-Qt supports?


texts: Can RBF be done by a third (or second) party

texts:
I've been thinking about the following usecase:
could a retailer/merchant offer clients a "no bitcoin fees" option when paying with bitcoin? i.e. if something costs 1 BTC on the site, the user will pay ONLY 1 BTC, and the merchant would pay the tx fee.

As I understand RBF is a doublespend of the same utxo that, as it has a higher fee, invalidates the original tx simple for being confirmed first.

Or would it be possible for someone else to bump up the fee without having to have access to the utxo owner's private keys (in order to sign the RBF transaction)

Thanks!


texts:
I need some clarification on how keys are imported into a HSM Luna SA. I should import BIP 32 private keys of multisign wallets. There are currently two keys: one for the user and one held by the company that would like to start using HSMs.

I start with a general question: is it better to keep all the
individual private keys in the hsm or a single master key that is used
to encrypt the private keys of the wallets?
How are BIP32 keys imported into an HSM? Is the serialized format
used?
Are there any other keys that are needed for the import (wrap for
example)?

I accept other advice on implementing the BIP32 with the Luna.


texts: Preparing a transaction with many outpts

texts:
What would be the exact command to prepare a transaction with multiple outputs, to a specific address?
I'm able to list all my outputs with lightning-cli listfunds, but I'm not sure how to include them all in a transaction with txprepare, so I can submit the transaction later.
If possible I would also like to set the fee as low as possible, i.e. 1 sat/b or lower.


texts:
I want to use a mnemonic phrase and BIP 39 to store the keys, and use bitcoin-core, I understand that master private keys cannot be imported at least directly and that mnemonic phrase is not supported.

Also, I know that there is the idea of re-think the wallet format of bitcoin core to use descriptors, that support key derivation using BIP32.

My idea was to use importmulti to generate a basic usable wallet with some addresses generated from the master account key.

Using https://iancoleman.io/bip39/ , I've generated a seed and mnemonic:

rebel image use energy write boil throw okay claw
umbrella advice together clarify water actress

From there I can get the account extended private key (44'/1'/0'):

tprv8fvSBE7NPnC8FJfBwcptSmmgxhQZhsAbbzRWaLo9d9ystozdV7BFUbRHqvYgL18fnV3WfM4GZb2cLKbLq5H8qZqC9XDnq8Mep3RWXfRsZ7o

From there I can build some descriptors to build usable wallet:

External

deriveaddresses "combo(tprv8fvSBE7NPnC8FJfBwcptSmmgxhQZhsAbbzRWaLo9d9ystozdV7BFUbRHqvYgL18fnV3WfM4GZb2cLKbLq5H8qZqC9XDnq8Mep3RWXfRsZ7o/0h/*)#quvrmfad" 0
# => ["myeHNHuNnbk1aG4WcJNkWw6foM2G64AXGF", "myeHNHuNnbk1aG4WcJNkWw6foM2G64AXGF", "tb1qcm233e9h79ntuv4c5mhsvmfhe2umvm0hsgafsf", "2N56BvNBqmkTh1Jic4GbpXSYpbtTNHUdQFw"]

Internal

deriveaddresses "wpkh(tprv8fvSBE7NPnC8FJfBwcptSmmgxhQZhsAbbzRWaLo9d9ystozdV7BFUbRHqvYgL18fnV3WfM4GZb2cLKbLq5H8qZqC9XDnq8Mep3RWXfRsZ7o/1h/*)#6gdaynzv" 0
# => ["tb1q5vgxy6ntsugpdde9ryhst66cz8z4c8ztp4k7qv"]

To generate the wallet, I've created an empty wallet (as I don't want to depend on backups, just the mnemonic I generated earlier), and import some addresses with importmulti:

createwallet "mnemonic-test" false true
importmulti '[{"desc": "combo(tprv8fvSBE7NPnC8FJfBwcptSmmgxhQZhsAbbzRWaLo9d9ystozdV7BFUbRHqvYgL18fnV3WfM4GZb2cLKbLq5H8qZqC9XDnq8Mep3RWXfRsZ7o/0h/*)#quvrmfad", "range": 10, "timestamp": "now"}, {"desc": "wpkh(tprv8fvSBE7NPnC8FJfBwcptSmmgxhQZhsAbbzRWaLo9d9ystozdV7BFUbRHqvYgL18fnV3WfM4GZb2cLKbLq5H8qZqC9XDnq8Mep3RWXfRsZ7o/1h/*)#6gdaynzv", "range": 10, "internal": true, "timestamp": "now"}]' '{"rescan": false}'

It seems to work, all the generated addresses are generated, there is no HD seed enabled (so the addresses are always derived from the mnemonic seed).

The problems I found is that, those addresses, are never used by bitcoin-wallet, when trying to receive bitcoin it says it cannot generate an address (does not try to use one of the already generated addresses) and when spending it says it does not have any internal address available.

Do you know how to enable those coins?


texts: How do I relocate my bitcoin data in bitcoin-qt to save space?

texts: I am a rather new Bitcoin user, running bitcoin-qt on Linux.  However, due to limited disk space, the application is taking up too much of my drive.  I'm guessing this is due to the ever-expanding blockchain?  So, I was wondering if there is a way to relocate the data from bitcoin-qt to elsewhere.  I have another drive connected to my computer that I could put it on, but I do not know how to safely relocate it.  Thanks for taking a look!


texts: What's the alternative to bitcoins that can be profitably mined by beginner?

texts:
I have tons of CPU and a reasonably good GPU.

Should I used the CPU to mine namecoin and the GPU to mine litecoin? Or perhaps some other combination? Or what?


texts: Has the BitLicense affected other U.S. state regulators' actions?

texts:
What aspects of New York's new BitLicense have most affected New York-based companies already?

How have California and other states who are planning BTC policy learned from New York's example? (For example, have other states commented in public on the BitLicense?)


texts: How create coinbase transaction with createrawtransaction?


texts: Using BTCPay To Accept Undefined Payment Amounts

texts:
Following advice from users on this site, I have implemented a BTCPay Server and got it set up to receive payments.  I am comfortable using the API.
My need is to set up receive addresses for many clients (1000+) but the clients pay indeterminate amounts.  That is, I cannot generate fixed-amount invoices for the clients because they pay whichever amount they wish to.
I need to generate a receive address for each client, and then credit their account balance (in USD) on my site with however much they sent to the address in BTC once it has been received and settled.
Does anyone know how I can achieve this in BTCPay Server?  I have listed my ideas below but am looking for the 'correct' solution as opposed to what feels like a hack.
Current Ideas

Generate an invoice for a tiny amount, and then handle the over-payment that the client makes when they send the BTC.  The over-payment must not be refunded.

Ask the client how much they are expecting to pay on the website and generate an invoice for about this amount.  I would love to avoid this method as the use case is for them to send however much they want to.


texts:
How is wallet at official client encrypted? What encryption it use?

What encryption does Bitcoin-qt use and what encryption is used at Multibit?
And how strong that encryption is compared to other methods?


texts: Using bitcoin's RPC and txindex=0 is it possible to tell the difference between an existing output being already spent and a non existing transaction output (or transaction id)? Looking at gettxout it's not enough as it would return empty data in both scenarios.


texts: running live and test node simultaneously

texts:
it took me 4 days to fully synchronize my node, but its finally running and i can create wallets etc..

I wanted to experiment with some transactions on testnet, so need to either change my config or create a separate instance.

But I don't want to lose my synchronized live node, so what's the best strategy to switch to testnet while still being able to switch back?

# [core]
datadir=/mnt/volume-nyc1-03/Bitcoin
dbcache=2000
txindex=1

# [rpc]
# Accept command line and JSON-RPC commands.
server=1
# Username for JSON-RPC connections
rpcuser=bitcoin
# Password for JSON-RPC connections
rpcpassword=sayblockchainonemoretime
rpcport=8332
rpcallowip=x.x.x.x/x (ip masked)
# [wallet]
# Do not load the wallet and disable wallet RPC calls.
disablewallet=0


texts: What happens to bitcoin transactions that are unconfirmed during the hard fork?

texts:
So I've just moved my bitcoins out of Coinbase into my own wallet in anticipation of the hard fork as they will only support BTC (and not BCC) afterwards.

It's been about 6-7 hours and it still is in Pending. On their help site(https://support.coinbase.com/customer/en/portal/articles/593836), there is a message saying "Partially Degraded Service: In advance of the upcoming potential hard fork, we are processing a large volume of outgoing Bitcoin transactions. Recent or new outgoing BTC transactions may be delayed by up to 12+ hours as we process this backlog."

So I'm hoping that 3 days is enough to get my transaction but I'm wondering, at the time of the hard fork, what will happen to the transactions that are midway though? Would it be different if the transaction has had no confirmations vs if it already has a few confirmations but just not the 6 for it to be fully confirmed?

Will they end up in the new wallet address for both the BCC and BTC network? Will they end up in the new wallet address for only BTC and BCC will still be in the old address?


texts:
Do you know from what kind of API I can get miner info per each block?

I've run bitcoin mainnet, and I want to know who mines each block if possbile.

I've googled and read many docs but I couldn't find out some helpful info.

Please help me if you know.


texts: Unconfirmed Bitcoin transaction over 48hr

texts:
Please I need miners here to help me confirm the Bitcoin transaction with the hash ID below. Thanks

e1f583b820df77e71f3e280397c2ae4348f72d9c263e92733445926e468df2d5


texts:
Suppose Alice has 30 bitcoins from David. Now Alice wants to transfer amount 20 bitcoins to Bob.

Now, Alice creates a transaction with Bob's bitcoin address.
To prove authenticity and integrity, Alice digitally signs the current transaction.
To prove that Alice owns the money, the current transaction includes hash from David's transaction which can be verified by the recipient and other nodes on the network.

As per my understanding, transactions are collected in blocks which are linked to form a block chain. Every node on the network stores the block chain. To verify whether Alice owns the money, one has to verify the bitcoin address of Alice in David's transaction. Now David's transaction can be very old, in older blocks. How this check is done? Is the hash of David's transaction for Alice's ownership checked in every block in the block chain?

Is the ownership verified by going from block to block?

Also what prevents Alice from using David's transaction again and again?


texts: So how would someone steal coins from my site?

texts:
Nearly every attack I've ever read about has involved bad website coding in one fashion or another. Like that that attack on the Doge wallet site in December, where they allegedly injected the website, and got in through a quirk in Apache to modify the source code, which allowed the alleged crooks to allegedly modify the destination of the transactions by replacing a variable with a hard coded address, that led to their wallet --thereby stealing new transactions and withdrawals. It's been the same or similar with most other attacks on sites that store wallets on the server that I've read about.

So the importance of coding a secure multi-tiered website is very important. I need to watch for injection attacks, apache permissions issues, and open ports, and all the usual stuff I would watch for on a site where money is changing hands. Got it.

But is it always poor website coding that causes site owners to lose money? Is there anything a potential vandal or cracker can do in order to compromise my site in other ways? Also, is there a whitepaper on building bitcoin protocol empowered websites securely, anywhere?

Thanks in advance for your time.


texts: Original Bitcoin (Core), how did it generate private key?

texts:
I'm a newbie at this, but I have a question.

How did the original Bitcoin (Core) v0.1 program generate random private keys? I was hoping for the exact source code or at least a good description of the method used.

I understand (almost) any 32 byte integer will work as a private key. I assume they used a Windows based OS random generator CryptGenRandom() since it was released for Win XP initially, I think.

Thanks!


texts: Help understand multi-signature transactions

texts:
I'm not a technical guy by any means, and I'm having alot of difficulty understanding Multi-signature Transactions.

Would an expert have time to try to "dumb down" the basics for me using some sort of analogy?

I'm really sorry if this has been addressed before but it is still escaping me.

I really appreciate any help.


texts: How to move altcoins from Cryptsy into USD?

texts:
I have recently been trading some altcoin on cryptsy. Since cryptsy doesn't offer markets to exchange altcoin for USD, what's the best practice to convert all your altcoin to FIAT?

It would be possible to trade them to LTC, move the LTC to another exchange (like btc-e) and finally exchange to USD. Is there a simpler way?


texts: What applications of clients use bitcoin JSON-RPC?

texts:
As far as I understood, the Bitcoin JSON-RPC is one of the ways (if not the only way) in which applications can be built that can access the bitcoin wallet. So, the RPC server here gives that access and any client (or app) can access via APIs.

So far, I have just figured our that only bitcoin-cli is such a local application which uses the RPC. Are there any other examples where the JSON-RPC is used?

In other words, are there any Desktop apps (mainly) that can access the bitcoin wallet.


texts: I love the concept of Bitcoin, however I have noticed a few weaknesses to the system that not may folks talk about.  One of the issues is the 21,000,000 limit. After "X" amount of time, a certain amount of the currency is lost.   For instance lets say every year, 3% of bitcoin is lost due to hardware crashes, owners death, another Mt Gox, etc...  I am aware we can go all the way down to a satoshi, however I am not sure that is feasible because given enough time, even a Satoshi would be prohibitively expensive when looking at a global scale.  Assuming that rate of loss, you lose half of the bitcoins out there after less than two decades.   Should there be a way to handle reissuance of "dead" coins?  Or even to expand the 21,000,000 limit?


texts: What metadata can be captured by a single miner? What about a group of miners?

texts:
It is my understanding that the blockchain consist of the following information for every transaction in the network:

From address
To address
Amount of bitcoins

What additional information can a miner collect? For example, is it easy to find the IP address that the transaction was first sent from? Is there other identifying information a single or group of miners can capture? What roll do bitcoin tumblers play in all this?


texts:
I am reading the technical "specification" for stealth addresses, available here. The core idea is described in the following paragraph:

  Using Elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) we can generate a shared
  secret that the payee can use to recover their funds. Let the payee
  have keypair Q=dG. The payor generates nonce keypair P=eG and uses
  ECDH to arrive at shared secret c=H(eQ)=H(dP). This secret could be
  used to derive a ECC secret key, and from that a scriptPubKey, however
  that would allow both payor and payee the ability to spend the funds.
  So instead we use BIP32-style derivation to create Q'=(Q+c)G and
  associated scriptPubKey.

I understand everything except the last sentence. As far as I can tell, Q and c are known to the payee and payer so the keypair Q'=(Q+c)G is also known to both. How does Q' allow for only the payee to spend the funds? How does BIP32-style derivation work?


texts: Multibit HD wallet - cannot open or restore, I have password and secret words

texts:
I can't open either of my 2 Multibit HD wallets. It says "Password did not unlock the wallet" on both. I have tried restoring from all the possible backups, my passwords are correct and my secret words successfully verify each time. On clicking "next" I get:-

1) TICK. Backup location created
2) CROSS. Wallet created.
3) TICK. Security certificates
4) CROSS. Wallet is synchronising. Please wait until complete.

The finish button is grey, the wallet seems to do nothing else - it never synchs. I am 3 coin worth $6k down at the moment. I am also trying to restore my wallet in electrum, but because I don't know how to select the wallet location from Multibit HD I am struggling. Repeat, I have all correct info required for backup. Also, I have my .zip.aes files - I stored them on the root of C: I can't seem to open them with AES Decrypt, tried using my 12 word seed chain and the password on the wallets. Plz help, its all our company bitcoin sales for the past 6 months...

Yes, I have gone through other forum posts, but am a little out of my depth and can't understand why with all the right backup info, I get no restoration. I will stick to Electrum in future, but had no problems previously with Multibit standard , the upgrade has screwed me good and proper!

MJT


texts: How to transform mnemonic to hd seed accepted by Bitcoin Core

texts:
How to transform mnemonic to hd seed accepted by the sethdseed command?
Thanks


texts:
I want to use multiple nodes with the same remote bitcoind. E.g. my node on my desktop, my node on digital ocean, my node on Google cloud ...

I don't want to run everywhere a full bitcoind and pay for the disk space.
I currently check the option to use btcpayserver (docker) on Google cloud as well. Again, it would need bitcoind.

Any hints welcome.


texts: Bitcoin trading volume: what's going on?

texts:
Since January, bitcoin trading volume on exchanges has been slowly dropping (more or less, on average), but it's had a significant drop around May 13th, and has stayed low since then. I checked the volume from BTC China mainly, but it seems several (if not all) exchanges exhibit this phenomenon. Up to this point, I'm just stating facts.

My question is: does anybody know about any reasonable explanation for this? I mean, based on facts, evidence, or meaningful experience on the subject. For example, has this happened before? If so, it could be some temporary/cyclic phenomenon, maybe (?). Also, if this happens to be some sort of pattern that has occurred before, can we expect the volume to go up again anytime soon? Is it some sort of "bad sign" ? (as in "this pattern is often followed by a big crash" or something like that).

I know nobody has the crystal ball, and I'm not asking for unfounded opinions; I just thought that maybe someone with more financial experience or knowledge on the subject (than me, which shouldn't be very hard) could shed some light on this.


texts: Do bitcoin clients automatically add more fee than specified?

texts:
Sometimes when I'm sending a transaction using json-rpc calls to bitcoind, the client adds more than 0.0001 fee. 0.0001 is the TX fee I specified in the settings.

My understanding is that when the TX size is larger than a certain KB, client automatically adds more  fee. Is this true?

If so, how can I calculate how much fee a transaction will require before I send it?


texts: Can we argue that, since the difficulty set by pools is lower than the actual one, "old" hardware remain profitable for longer and thus are used for more time. And this, indirectly, increases the actual hash rate of the entire network? (and thus difficulty as well?)


texts:
I recently read that Nassim N. Taleb thinks that Bitcoin is an open Ponzi scheme. An influental and intelligent person like him surely doesn't say something without thinking about it first. Therefore I asked myself what he means with that term.
In my view the key ingredient of a Ponzi scheme is deception - deception of investors about the real source of their revenue. In order to keep this deception from becoming public knowledge, a Ponzi scheme must remain «closed» in that regard. An «open Ponzi scheme» would mean that there is no deception because «the secret» of the revenue is known to everyone. Isn't «openness» exactly the necessary ingredient which would legitimize even a Ponzi scheme by making it possible to investors to «add» fair value to it, which would most possibly be Zero?
Wouldn't any asset be an open Ponzi scheme by Nassim N. Talebs logic?
I mean every investor tries to make money by selling his investment to others for a higher price at some point.
I feel that following his Logic even gold, diamonds, company shares, etc.  are «open Ponzi schemes» - our whole economy would be an «open Ponzi scheme».
If my logic would be right, this term has no meaning and someone just added a total useless term to the vocabulary.
(I don't ask if Bitcoin is a Ponzi-Scheme - I'm interested in the logic behind the idea of «open ponzi sheme»)


texts: I just set up c-lightning on mainnet and I'd like to open a channel but I can't find a list of node ids and ip addresses. Does anyone know where I can find this?


texts: How can I use message signing to prove that I have private keys for many different accounts?

texts:
I want to prove the total sum of BTC I have access to.  Therefore I think if I use message signing to assert "owned by makerofthings7" in each address, then anyone can compute the total coins in my wallet based on that assertion.

If we only focus on the encryption part (and not what the QT client permits), what is the most efficient way to prove that I control the funds of many addresses?
Are all addresses in my wallet that contain coins available for signing & verification?  In particular what happens to the "change" addresses that are dynamically created when sending and receiving Tx?
Can I have a single signed message that is signed by all the keys in my wallet?


texts: Why Are My Gridseed Blades Exploding? What Components Are Exploding?

texts:
I'm wanting to get into mining not so much for the mining reward but because I support the idea of decentralised currency and the power of peer to peer transactions.

However I have a problem with getting some Gridseed Blades up and running. Something on them is exploding. Please see the below photos.

This is my power supply unit.

I live in the UK so the voltage is set to 220V mode.

This is the front of the PSU wired up. My multimeter reads 12v coming from the output.

I'm in the middle of building a stack of blades but I need to overcome the problem of something in them exploding.

In this photo you can see there are three components that have exploded. What are these components? What would cause them to explode?

This photo is for comparison, this is a good blade where the components haven't exploded.

I've tried to look for a datasheet or a gridseed blade board schematic but I can't find one.

Every time I connect a blade to my power supply these same components explode. What could be causing this to happen and what could I do to stop this from happening?

Also I would like to repair the Gridseed Blades that have already exploded, is there a schematic for this board, or at least what are the components that have been damaged?


texts: Is it technically feasible to "shun" particular bitcoin wallets?

texts:
Bitcoin is supposed to be an apolitical currency, but the United States reportedly gained some leverage by amassing over 27,000 bitcoins — and counting. (People seem to be jumping at the possibility of turning bitcoin into the ultimate unmoderated facebook clone and the "content" there is what you'd expect.)

OTOH, this poses a practical problem for the community, because attempting to redeem this amount would probably destroy the currency's market value.

Now, in the marvellous world of atomic hat-based TF2 trading there is a de-facto authority called SteamRep. In short, what they call a scammer is a scammer. Their items become scammed. Trade for scammed items and you become a scammer. This label shuns you from virtually all trading websites, which will be happy to take for themselves whatever items or currency of yours they hold.

I am not advocating for this. I do not have bitcoins. I don't like bitcoins. I also don't like aiding criminals in their trading and money laundering. That's just my opinion and it's worth its weight in electrons.

I do wonder, though, if it would be technically feasible for the bitcoin community to protect itself from a possible sudden devaluation of the currency by marking a bitcoin wallet, and all the individual fractions of bitcoins in there, as "bad, no, worthless, will not accept, will not process transactions" in an attempt to artificially limit their worth.


texts: Method to measure "distance" between 2 transaction id's

texts:
Is there a blockchain tool/code that takes two BTC transaction ID's and determines a distance between them.

It's 2017 and Bitcoin Privacy (aka trying to walk around in the public without a sign over you saying how much money you have in your pocket) is still left entirely to the user. I'm trying to explore different methods of adding privacy to bitcoin to protect myself but I have not found a good way to measure how well one method works vs a different method. Something like blockchain.info's taint tool (now hidden on their site) is nice but feels clumsey when trying to determine familiarity between two addresses or transactions. I clearly know that the two addresses are related but want to determine how trivial/untrivial it is to determine that on the blockchain

Update Distance is a vague term but maybe intentionally. Distance could, for example, be a combination of: the number of transactions required to get from TX A to TX B assuming there is a path, or a weight that includes the size of transaction.


texts: Is it possible to send Bitcoin without the passphrase to the wallet?

texts: I’ve been getting back into cryptocurrency lately, and I’ve found one of my  old wallet.dat files with a very small amount of BTC. Unfortunately, I created a random password of characters and put it on a piece of paper, which I have lost by mistake. Is there any way I can send the Bitcoin to my other used wallet without the passphrase, such as by finding the private keys with PyWallet and using them? I’m using Bitcoin Core.


texts: Does the estimated transaction volume on Blockchain.info exclude exchanges?

texts:
Does the estimate of transaction volume provided on Blockchain.info exclude the major Bitcoin exchanges? According to this paper: https://siepr.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/publications/17-033_1.pdf
(see pg. 17) it does but I do not see this information written anywhere on blockchain.info's website (or anywhere else).


texts:
I am contemplating designing some minor sites that uses bitcoins, but as far as I can see, a manual action is needed for every payment.

Is it possible to set up a "subscription" system or repeating transactions?

If not, I am planning to design a system where you can replenish your subscription, by simply "filling up" your account and then over time the allocated coins will be depleted.


texts: How do bitcoin miners determine the next valid state of a ledger?

texts:
I know bitcoin miners compete for a reward by seeing who can solve a difficult hashing problem first (proof-of-work).

However, how does this random hash problem help validate the transactions in the next block? It seems like this hashing problem is completely irrelevant to the ledger validation issue at hand. And when do the other miner nodes validate that the proposed block is correct after one miner finishes?


texts: Including transactions in a block - rules and time / technical aspect

texts:
I’ve a question regarding block and transactions included in the next block that is solved.

Let us assume theoretically that there is newly propagated solved block.

And now there are:
tx0 and tx1 – not included in propagated block with time of transaction earlier that solved block.

Tx2 – which was propagated 10 second after solving previous block

Tx3 -  which was propagated 60 second after solving previous block

Does the miners take only Tx0 and tx1, make hash and start to mine (already have hash of those) or (I presume this is not the case) are adding those tx2 and tx3 which was propagated in this “10 minute” window?

Presumably they would need to start all over again, but it would mean that when miner receive info about  new block that was solved by another miner stops working, puts all of transaction form block which he was solving, all transaction in pool (tx0 and tx1 in my example), check what transaction is already in solved block takes all reminding tx makes hash and start solving. Is that correct?

So basically my question is,  does the next block includes only those transactions that  were propagated BEFORE solving of current block and AFTER miners starting to find current block (so in this “10 minute window” or there are some other rules? I tried to find solution in docs but no success. (if anyone knows some source I would be grateful)

Best regards


texts: Extract sender ID and recipient ID of a bitcoin transaction

texts:
I'm new to this world and I'm trying to learn the blockchain world and especially now I've concentrated du bitcoin-core, I would like to parser and get the various information like the various sites where you enter ID of the wallet and you get all its information including transactions.

In particular I am interested in getting information on the type transactions, Id wallet sender and Id wallet recipient.

I do not ask any ready solution but only a hand to understand where to start and where to document.

I saw that on the net there are various blockchain parsers but at least the ones I met did not allow me to obtain the information I'm trying to figure out how to get them.

Thank you and above all excuse me if I asked stupid questions but I'm learning


texts: Do I need to be synced with the network to make remote RPC calls?

texts:
I want to make some RPC calls from my local computer to a server I have which is currently syncing with the network via $ bitcoind

I am trying to make RPC calls for things like getinfo but my request are failing. I just want to double check if it's even possible to hit it with a request and receive data back if its not synced up. I would have thought no, but I can use the bitcoin-cli from my server to get things like getinfo without an issue.


texts:
In the createP2SHMultiSigInputScript() function of BitcoinJ according to this:

public static Script createP2SHMultiSigInputScript(@NullableList signatures,Script multisigProgram)

Create a program that satisfies a pay-to-script hashed OP_CHECKMULTISIG program. If given signature list is null, incomplete scriptSig will be created with OP_0 instead of signatures

https://bitcoinj.github.io/javadoc/0.12/org/bitcoinj/script/ScriptBuilder.html#createP2SHMultiSigInputScript-java.util.List-org.bitcoinj.script.Script-

the Script multisigProgam input refers to the Redeem Script or the ScriptPubKey??

due to the fact that the createP2SHMultiSigInputScript() returns the ScriptSig script.


texts: What percentage of Bitcoin transactions never complete?

texts:
Occasionally transactions will be broadcast to the network that will show in a 0/unconfirmed status in the Bitcoin client. It is also the case that from time to time for various reasons those transactions will never confirm. One known reason for such unconfirmed transactions is a double-spending attempt, though these are usually quickly resolved by the network. My question is twofold:

Is there any source of data or is there a known statistic stating what percent of transactions hit 0/unconfirmed and never progress beyond this state (i.e. are resolved as conflicts by the network).
Is there anything aside from a double-spending attempt that can produce a 0/unconfirmed transaction that does not confirm.

Please note that I am not referring to the "generated" transactions by which miners are paid, but rather a point-to-point transfer of bitcoins.


texts: Claim or Refund Functionality Implementation in Bitcoin

texts:
I was reading the paper written by Kuramesan and Bentov with title "How to use Bitcoin to Design Fair Protocols".
Source: https://eprint.iacr.org/2014/129.pdf
Specifically, the sender creates a transaction which can be redeemed the following way:
1) By providing the Sender's signature AND the Receiver's signature
2) By Receiver's signature and a witness/proof which will make a circuit/function valid

Whichever of the conditions comes claims the transaction. My problem in understanding is what this circuit/function should be. Can it a random secret chosen by so if we pass through a hash function that is the circuit it can easily be verified since the receiver has to reveal this secret through it's claim transaction?
Is my assumption correct?


texts: Do no-fee transaction represent a greater risk if the product is delivered instantly?

texts:
Let's say I want to accept payments instantly on a site for digital downloads.

So I publish an address and wait for the unconfirmed transaction, I see the transaction and release the digital download.

However the user may have sent the transaction with no fee. Therefore the miners may not pick it up or the user could issue a new transaction with a fee that gets processed into the block chain.

Is my thinking correct ? and is there away to stop this king of attack ?


texts: API to send bitcoins from paper/cold wallet?

texts: I am making a program which will take a .wif private key, and send all funds from the wallet represented by the key to a certain address. I need this to be fully automated, but I can't seem to find any simple API which can send from a .wif. Thanks!


texts: Sending confidential transaction amount to the receiver

texts:
In confidential transaction proposed by Maxwell, instead of transaction amounts we use pedersen commitments to hide the amount and add the range proof to the transaction to prevent overflow. A simple commitment with one input and one output C1 and C2 is as follow: (Ignore the fee for simplicity)

C1 = C2 => BF1*G + a*H = BF2*G + a*H

where in this example BF1 = BF2 obviously since it only has one input and output.
How does the sender send the amount and blinding factor to the receiver? Receiver can check if the amount is correct! I noticed Maxwell said they use ECDH. I assume there is no additional communication channel for ECDH. Then how does the sender get receivers public key? and does sender need to reveal both blinding factor and amount in the ECDH?


texts: Geographical distribution of mining power/work

texts:
Is there any information on how the mining power is distributed geographically? I.e. where the computers are located that do the work.

This is important as one measure of centralization of the system, and thus of the trust in the proof-of-work concept.

Of course, there are many different ways to measure centralization, but that's not part of this question.

Thank you!

PS: I'm open to suggestions for better tags of this question.


texts: Bitcoin-Qt [0.8+] can read the blockchain. How can I? (and make it human readable)

texts:
Most questions answer this about the old 0.7 version of keeping the blockchain. 0.8 changed to leveldb instead of berkeleydb from what I've read, and obviously Bitcoin-Qt is able to read it. For a project though, I want to read each block, and in in turn process each transaction. How would I go about actually reading the data in these blocks? Maybe as JSON or some other human-readable format.

Thanks in advance for any help. I've googled too much and just figured I'd ask the question instead of looking for an answer elsewhere that will likely end up being a good answer for 0.7 and earlier.


texts: Why should I use multiple workers for different computers? In which case should I create another worker?


texts: How hard is it to alter a block after it was found?

texts: Once a miner has found a block, how easy it is for him to add or remove a tx included in that very block? Would he have to solve the modified block from the scratch or is there a point he can resume the solving process?


texts: How to run my own Ripple RPC server (full node)?

texts:
I'm following this manual: https://ripple.com/build/rippled-setup/#installation-on-ubuntu-with-alien and getting error below.

ix@pwrg:/media/ix/ledgers/.src$ sudo rpm -Uvh https://mirrors.ripple.com/ripple-repo-el7.rpm
rpm: RPM should not be used directly install RPM packages, use Alien instead!
rpm: However assuming you know what you are doing...
Retrieving https://mirrors.ripple.com/ripple-repo-el7.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
    package ripple-repo-1-2.el7.centos.noarch is already installed
ix@pwrg:/media/ix/ledgers/.src$ yumdownloader --enablerepo=ripple-stable --releasever=el7 rippled
rippled-0.70.2-1.fc25.x86_64.rpm                         | 8.5 MB     00:01
ix@pwrg:/media/ix/ledgers/.src$ https://mirrors.ripple.com/rpm/RPM-GPG-KEY-ripple-release && rpm -K rippled*.rpm
bash: https://mirrors.ripple.com/rpm/RPM-GPG-KEY-ripple-release: No such file or directory
ix@pwrg:/media/ix/ledgers/.src$ sudo rpm --import https://mirrors.ripple.com/rpm/RPM-GPG-KEY-ripple-release && rpm -K rippled*.rpm
rippled-0.70.2-1.fc25.x86_64.rpm: rsa sha1 (md5) pgp md5 OK
ix@pwrg:/media/ix/ledgers/.src$ sudo alien -i --scripts rippled*.rpm && rm rippled*.rpm
Package build failed. Here's the log:
dh_testdir
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
dh_prep
dh_installdirs
dh_installdocs
dh_installchangelogs
find . -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -not -name debian -print0 | \
    xargs -0 -r -i cp -a {} debian/rippled
dh_compress
dh_makeshlibs
dh_installdeb
dh_shlibdeps
dh_gencontrol
dh_md5sums
dh_builddeb
dpkg-deb: error: control directory has bad permissions 777 (must be >=0755 and <=0775)
dh_builddeb: dpkg-deb --build debian/rippled .. returned exit code 2
debian/rules:17: recipe for target 'binary-arch' failed
make: *** [binary-arch] Error 1
ix@pwrg:/media/ix/ledgers/.src$ chmod 755
bitcoin-abe/                      rippled-0.70.2-1.fc25.x86_64.rpm
ix@pwrg:/media/ix/ledgers/.src$ chmod 755
bitcoin-abe/                      rippled-0.70.2-1.fc25.x86_64.rpm
ix@pwrg:/media/ix/ledgers/.src$ chmod 755 rippled-0.70.2-1.fc25.x86_64.rpm
ix@pwrg:/media/ix/ledgers/.src$ sudo alien -i --scripts rippled*.rpm && rm rippled*.rpm
Package build failed. Here's the log:
dh_testdir
dh_testdir
dh_testroot
dh_prep
dh_installdirs
dh_installdocs
dh_installchangelogs
find . -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -not -name debian -print0 | \
    xargs -0 -r -i cp -a {} debian/rippled
dh_compress
dh_makeshlibs
dh_installdeb
dh_shlibdeps
dh_gencontrol
dh_md5sums
dh_builddeb
dpkg-deb: error: control directory has bad permissions 777 (must be >=0755 and <=0775)
dh_builddeb: dpkg-deb --build debian/rippled .. returned exit code 2
debian/rules:17: recipe for target 'binary-arch' failed
make: *** [binary-arch] Error 1

How to fix the error? Am I right that rippled allows me to run full rippled rpc server like bitcoind?


texts: Tutorial on how to import a paper wallet into blockchain.info and send a transaction with message attached then delete it?

texts:
Is there an API call on using the blockchain.info api on how to import a paper wallet and then send a certain amount of funds with a note attached?

Looking for just a sample code of how to do this via the blockchain.info api. Do I need an api key? As I was able to do other functions without an API key it seems.

I have the following api call:

http://127.0.0.1:3000/merchant/7a42f805-3132-4c3f-a6bf-xxxx/new_address?priv=5K1Y8iHsXHzLo4HUhURCdMrdzmrL5nomWKJqqp7cNxxxxx&label=mynewaddress&password=xxxxx

but it doesn't import that private key. It creates a totally new address. The priv setting seems to be ignored. I'm not sure what other api call is there in order to do an import.


texts: Help: I want to configure wallet.dir to be saved on aws s3 instead of locally

texts:
I'm building bitcoin from source to add some functionality. The main reason is that I want to use AWS S3 to store my wallet.dat file (for security reasons) instead of being stored locally.
Basically, I want all the references to the wallet directory and file to be through aws-cli, instead of directly on the machine. I'd be thankful for any suggestions.

Running on ubuntu 16.04 (EC2), headless.

Thanks!


texts: Can bitcoind/bitcoin-qt (via RPC or command-line-options) be used to discover when two competing best-blocks exist?

texts:
The standard bitcoind/bitcoin-qt client lets you ask for the highest known block, via RPC, or get notifications when a new 'best block' is locally acknowledged (via the -blocknotify option).

But, is there any way to tell when more than one equally-high blocks are circulating, and thus it's not yet clear which will win? Or does the standard client remain locked onto only the first block it receives, until it receives a definitively-longer chain?


texts:
Here is what I have so far:

A mobile connects to a node using rpc.
The mobile then asks the node, to give him a set of transactions for a set of public keys.
The node, then looks for any transactions that match the public keys given and returns it back to the mobile.

The mobile can setup a bloom filter, so that some of keys included are not his?

Also, when the node receives a request, it needs to scan the blockchain all over again, to get the transaction history?


texts:
This question is rather technical.

Blockchains tend to grow. Specially well-known blockchains like Bitcoin. I would like to store a certain blockchain on an external device (e.g. 1TB disk space), but some day the chain will grow enough to use all the space.

How do you manage this? Is there a way to partition the blockchain storage (to use many devices) or stuff like that instead of buying a larger device and moving 1TB of data there?


texts: Output Descriptor for an Arbitrary Script

texts:
Can output descriptors be used to describe an arbitrary script?
Say I had a script something like the following:
OP_IF
  1737417600 OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY OP_DROP OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <pubKeyHashD> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG
OP_ELSE
  2 <PubKeyA> <PubKeyB> <PubKeyC> 3 OP_CHECKMULTISIG
OP_ENDIF

That's a two-branch script that either allows a 2-of-3 multisig or a single-address retrieval after a set amount of time. Is there a way to convert that into descriptor that I could then use to derive addresses?
wsh seems focused on set types of scripts, while trying raw on a 32-bit hash of a script gives me Descriptor does not have a corresponding address.


texts: Is it possible to have my blockchain on a different folder than that of my wallet files?

texts:
I am trying to implement bitcoin payments for the project I'm currently working on, and I need to create a bitcoin wallet that should be inside a USB stick. This USB stick should be at the hands of the project manager, and every developer that wants to make test bitcoin payments should ask for the USB, plug it on their computer, make a payment with that wallet and return it. Since this wallet will be filled with company money for testing purposes, we can't just use our personal wallets.

What I want to do, is having the blockchain in a shared folder in the network, in a place that it's accessible by all dev machines, and at the same time having a single wallet in the USB stick that should be usable by everyone.

So my questions are:

Is this even possible?
I know that I can set the data directory on Bitcoin Core with the datadir="/data/directory/whatever" but for this to work, I'll propably need an external hard drive instead of a usb stick since this also points to the location of the blockchain. Can I somehow set the wallet folder separately from the blockchain folder?
If bitcoin-core doesn't make it, is there any other client that allows this to happen without having to use an external service?


texts:
What are the

P2P network magic bytes
P2PKH version byte
P2SH version byte
Private key version byte
P2P Port
RPC Port
Atomic units per coin (100,000,000 for bitcoin)

for Bitcoin, Bitcoin testnet, and common altcoins?


texts: How should I invest $10,000 in crypto-currency?

texts:
I have $10,000 which I have decided to invest in crypto-currency.

How should I go about investing this money for maximum profit? E.g. should I invest in a mining setup? Trade the currency? A combination of both?

A few investment parameters and some background on myself is provided below:

Risk sensitivity would be very high. Although I wouldn't want to be stupid with how I go about investing the money either.
I am a technically minded person (I am a mechanical and software engineer and I develop progressive web applications for a job and build computer hardware systems as a hobby).
I would be okay with constructing and maintaining rigs. Although I don't know what coins to mine but I have a basic idea on how to mine them using either ASIC hardware or graphics cards with off the shelf software.
I wouldn't say I have an investment style. I have never really invested in anything before beside putting my money in high interest bank accounts.


texts: Keep or Transfer Coins after mining reward?

texts:
I've been mining ZEC (pool) for the past month and noticed that most of the other people in the pool never had any balance on their wallets if I viewed them on the zcash blockexplorer.

Is there a reason why people immediately transfer their coins to a different wallet?


texts: How does NXT prevent blockchain bloat since it does so many different things with its blockchain?

texts: How does NXT prevent blockchain bloat since it has a built in message system and other features? Wouldn't the NXT blockchain grow to be really big in the future and pose a problem for people storing the blockchain as compared to other coins?


texts:
Let's say I run a Bitcoin client on a computer (Windows, but the question can apply to other O.S.es too), and I want to make sure nobody steals it. I'm especially concerned about situations where someone gets full access to the computer:

The computer is in a company network where domain admins can do anything they want to it.
The computer is a laptop and gets stolen.
The computer has a problem and I need to bring it to a computer shop (or call in a technician) to fix it.
A trojan gets on the computer and instead of popping up random ads starts doing something much more useful and stealthy like looking for Bitcoin wallets to steal (somebody is going to create one of these sooner or later).

I'm assuming here that whoever gets access to the computer has full access to everything, even as my own user account, in the case of a technician or a trojan; no built-in O.S. security is to be trusted.

How can I be absolutely sure that nobody simply copies my wallet files, loads them somewhere else and steals all my Bitcoins?


texts: When will FPGAs and ASICs 'replace' GPUs for mining?

texts: Please explain in detail, or provide an an estimate, at least.


texts: Can I somehow force bitcoind to do decomposition with getblock?

texts:
Can I somehow force bitcoin to include the script with getblock call?

I see that here https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/886 and here https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=89725.0 there is indicated that it is possible with '{"tx":"obj", "script":"asm"}' option, but currently that returns error from bitcoind.


texts:
Assume a miner receives a new block from a connected peer. Please correct me if I'm wrong: The miner validates the newly received block before using it themself and sending it to their other connected peers. I heard this but it seems to me that it'd be a better strategy to already use the block to mine on top of it because the block header and the proof of work associated with it is very fast to verify and it's highly unlikely someone made a block header with a small hash for an invalid block. So why keep mining on top of the previous block?

How long does this process typically take? What does it depend on? Is it done on specialized mining hardware or on a general-purpose CPU?

Is it correct that the time block validation takes is linear to the block's + witness's size should segwit activate?

Also: How long does it take on average for a block to be propagated through the network? It'd be great if that average is weighted on the receiving miners' hashing powers.


texts: Sending funds via routing number from bank

texts: Is it possible to send funds from a bitcoin account via routing number to a trading account?


texts: Can I use Bitcoin so that my non-bitcoin friend finally receives CNY?

texts: Can I send money to my friend's Chinese Bank account using Bitcoin? How easy and safe are the resources for a Chinese person to convert Bitcoin to cash?


texts: When compiling qt ld.exe: cannot find -ldb_cxx

texts:
When compiling bitcoin-qt on windows I get through

qmake "USE_UPNP=-" bitcoin-qt.pro

but when I run

make -f Makefile.Release

it returns

ld.exe: cannot find -ldb_cxx

which I am pretty sure is the Berkeley DB.  So I went into C:\deps\db-4.8.30.NC\build_unix and found db_cxx.h and added the path to the PATH before trying again only to fail


texts:
So I want to access funds from various bitcoin forks, and I have my keys.

Are there any sites, or services that allows me to enter my keys to get access to the funds from the forks?

Point me in the right direction


texts: How can I send a payment to myself with lightening to rebalance 2 channels?

texts:
I have an active channel with bitstamp with a balance on my side. Bitstamp has an active channel with lightening power users (lpu) with balance on their side (I checked this with lncli queryroutes 0331f80652fb840239df8dc99205792bba2e559a05469915804c08420230e23c7c 70000). Lpu has a channel with me with a balance on their side (I used their service to rent inbound liquidity).

Now since I rented liquidity from lpu only of a couple of days, I will lose inbound liquidity soon. I want to send a payment to myself like so: me -> bitstamp -> lpu -> me. This will result in keeping some inbound liquidity (in my channel with bitstamp) after lpu close our channel.

I suppose I need to use lncli sendtoroute to send payment over a specific route. For this, I need a payment hash and a route. I genereated a payment hash with lncli addinvoice 70000 and copied the r_hash value. I tried to generate a route with lncli queryroutes 0364f45ee43cd4b1d6db08972dfd6ab227e47adccee80ca7d76ae0bd107334c2aa 70000 (that is my pub_key) but I got a "unable to find a path to destination" error.

1st question: Is there a way to get the best route to me with queryroutes?

Then I tried to construct the queryroutes response by myself. I found a route with 3 hops and tried to reverse engineer how fees work. It seems that in hops only the recipient charges a fee. So the first hop is from me to bitstamp (bitstamp charges a fee), the second hop is from bitstamp to lpu (lpu charges a fee), the last hop is from lpu to me (I do not charge a fee to myself).

2nd question: Is the above fee logic correct?

Ok so with all that data I generated queryroutes response below

{
    "routes": [
        {
            "total_time_lock": 590112,
            "total_fees": "373",
            "total_amt": "70373",
            "hops": [
                {
                    "chan_id": "648038959352250368",
                    "chan_capacity": "100000",
                    "amt_to_forward": "70373",
                    "fee": "0",
                    "expiry": 590072,
                    "amt_to_forward_msat": "70373500",
                    "fee_msat": "70",
                    "pub_key": "02a04446caa81636d60d63b066f2814cbd3a6b5c258e3172cbdded7a16e2cfff4c"
                },
                {
                    "chan_id": "630596306830950400",
                    "chan_capacity": "2500000",
                    "amt_to_forward": "70360",
                    "fee": "360",
                    "expiry": 589928,
                    "amt_to_forward_msat": "70360000",
                    "fee_msat": "13500",
                    "pub_key": "0331f80652fb840239df8dc99205792bba2e559a05469915804c08420230e23c7c"
                },
                {
                    "chan_id": "648098333019668480",
                    "chan_capacity": "500000",
                    "amt_to_forward": "70000",
                    "fee": "360",
                    "expiry": 589928,
                    "amt_to_forward_msat": "70000000",
                    "fee_msat": "360000",
                    "pub_key": "0364f45ee43cd4b1d6db08972dfd6ab227e47adccee80ca7d76ae0bd107334c2aa"
                }
            ],
            "total_fees_msat": "373570",
            "total_amt_msat": "70373570"
        }
    ]
}

Then I try to send this with cat my.route | lncli sendtoroute --pay_hash=hashIgenerated - and get a "payment_error": "FeeInsufficient... error.

How should I construct the routes for this to work?


texts: How bittrex and other bitcoin trading websites send bitcoin to their one user to another instantly and without any fees?

texts:
When user-1 post an order of selling btc, user-2 comes and fulfill that order, we noticed that instantly user-2 receive btc in his/her wallet.
My question is how is it possible to send btc instantly with out any charges.


texts: What does difficulty indicate for litecoin mining?

texts: For bitcoin,  it's the inverse of the target that the hash must be less than.  Litecoin uses scrypt instead of SHA256, so I'm unsure what the difficulty indicates.


texts: Will upgrading to a new version of Bitcoin Core leave my wallet intact?

texts: If I download Bitcoin Core 0.14.1 to my Windows 8 drive will it simply overwrite my existing Bitcoin Core version v0.11.2 (64-bit), leaving all my BTC in my wallet intact?


texts: Mtgox account verification pending, how to withdraw my bitcoins?

texts: I had submitted my personal document for verification over 30 days; however, my account still pending for verification, what I can do to withdraw my bitcoin?


texts: listreceivedbyaddress missing transactions after restore

texts:
After restoring wallet from wallet.dat balance is identical,

but listreceivedbyaddress 0 do not have the transactions associated with wallet.

listunspent 0 show all the transactions, but it will not list anymore after spending.

is it a bug? or do i have to perform some special scan? rescanblockchain found all the transactions, but they are still missing in the listreceivedbyaddress.

EDIT #1

Is there a way to get all the transactions associated with specific address, what will get accurate result from blockchain? Was supposed to be bellow command what is not working sometimes.

listreceivedbyaddress 0 true true {ADDRESS}

EDIT #2

Output of getaddressinfo {ADDRESS} differences between recent, and backup wallet:

+  "solvable": true,
+  "desc": "sh(wpkh([6f8c0001/0'/0'/306']034e{SCRAMBLED_LONG_CODE}e50f))#ejlphmc0",
+  "ischange": true,
-  "hdmasterkeyid": "f9248{SCRAMBLED_LONG_CODE}53587b4",
+  "hdmasterfingerprint": "6f8c0001",
   "labels": [
-    {
-      "name": "default_wallet",
-      "purpose": "receive"
-    }
   ]


texts: Is there a crowdfunding site for Bitcoin?

texts: Does a crowdfunding site like kickstarter.com exist, which accepts bitcoins instead of dollars?


texts:
How can I know what's e-wallet name provide the wallet?

When I know xpub and xprv and mnemonic

When I get mnemonic (12 words) and get xpub I can get balance with blockchain API

But how can I know what wallet company provides this wallet?


texts: Where can I download a snapshot of the Lightning network topology?

texts:
I want to study the properties of the Lightning network graph. Is there a way to obtain a reasonably fresh snapshot containing nodes and channels (say, in JSON format)? There are multiple explorers available (e.g. listed in this question), but AFAIK none of them provides the underlying data for download.

(I could just launch my own node and query the data with allnodes / allchannels or a similar command, but that requires synching a non-pruned full node, which I'm trying to avoid at the moment.)

UPD: 1ML does provide some JSON (look for the JSON button on various pages). For example, https://1ml.com/testnet/node?json=true gives the JSON description of the top 50 nodes. I haven't found the way to get this data for all nodes though.

UPD2: a related question: Obtaining Lightning network graph data.


texts: Convert EC PRIVATE KEY from .pem into WIF

texts:
I have a openssl generated private key in the following form:

$ cat priv.pem
-----BEGIN EC PARAMETERS-----
BgUrgQQACg==
-----END EC PARAMETERS-----
-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
MHQCAQEEIDTijUe0yc3orw5+hElM2WZPWWawO6yTymJZagaStSxIoAcGBSuBBAAK
oUQDQgAE81+mTl3Pyzy41kCg8xgnV3lokrYJ/iUAGda0JUpx99aExBk1kD9Heera
5ndWARwUTa6T1Cfi7c1U6Nf81IEAQQ==
-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----

How can i convert this (preferably using bash/Perl/python) into a WIF that can be imported into (preferably) Electrum? Also Electrum confuses me a bit, it says

WIF keys are typed in Electrum, based on script type.

A few examples:
p2pkh:KxZ...->
1Dck

What does this mean? Wallet import format does not say anything about typing


texts: Large number of dust inputs sum to nice round numbers. How and what wallet used?

texts:
Consider the bitcointalk donation address 17RTTUAiiPqUTKtEggJPec8RxLMi2n9EZ9.

This has many incoming transactions with large number of dust inputs (hundreds) that sum to nice rounded numbers as in the following examples:

ba930f48aae32b8915a6e413ed297060291fec7fc916cf57b0751e0f77c41df2 (inputs sum to 0.05)

c0f25cc0f008ac935b3a38fecdea42e062ba3e3e7395161a2ad1b38754ee31c0 (inputs sum to 0.05)

1f4e0b21e6edd0dc1148116200426f390880e3e33ae0723de8415836874f7a3e (inputs sum to 0.5)

These can't be coincidences. What wallet is being used here? Does it solve the "subset sum" problem for each transaction to ensure that the sums are round numbers? I know the problem won't be hard for such small sizes but still needs solving.


texts: BIP67 + importmulti + multisig descriptors

texts:
I'm trying to setup a Bitcoin Core watch-only wallet using importmulti and a sh(multi(m,xpub1/*,...,xpubn/*)) ranged descriptor, and then use deriveaddresses to get receiving addresses.

Is it possible to import only BIP-67-compliant addresses somehow? With a ranged descriptor I can't manually order the multisig script pubkeys from my side as suggested in this abandoned PR because my client only touches the account xpubs.

I could manually inspect and skip addresses until I get ordered pubkeys, but that's really ugly and fragile.


texts: How to determine how many coins have been mined regardless of block count in main.cpp

texts:
Been working my way trough the main.cpp trying to see where this value is grabbed if at all.

I need a way to check how many coins have been mined regardless of block count. For example if every block has a random value how would one go about storing coins mined.

Continuously getting the value of the previous block and adding it to a coins mined int would be one solution, but where in main.cpp would it be best to do this and how?

I would need to be able to apply this value for generation of new blocks in GetBlockValue()

Is this value already parsed somewhere when parsing the previous block? Or is it disregarded seeing as the original bitcoin and litecoin had a set value pr block + fees?

Would really appreciate assistance in this matter. Or an extremely well commentated main.cpp.


texts: How would one relay a raw tx double spend to a node that accepts it?

texts: All of the pushtx sites reject the tx as a double spend. Would I have to run my own node through bitcoind? How would one do this?


texts: How to check that Genesis Block has valid proof of work using CheckProofOfWork() function?

texts:
I have been learning the ins and outs of the bitcoin source code over the past 3 months but I can say I have not fully mastered it yet. I wish to understand how the genesis block is validated using the CheckProofOfWork() function. I would like to do something like this in chainsparams.cpp:

while (!CheckProofOfWork(block.GetHash(), block.nBits, chainparams.GetConsensus())) ++block.nNonce;

Where I seem to be stuck is how to obtain chainparams.GetConsensus() inside of chainsparams.cpp

Any guidance would be appreciated.

Thanks In Advance


texts: Would it be possible to make a functional Bitcoin fork that confirmed a block of transactions every millisecond?

texts: How fast could you possibly run a blockchain like bitcoins'? Could blocks be added as fast as a microsecond while still having a functional currency?


texts: Why is blockchain.info allowed to have an iOS app but coinbase is not?

texts:
I saw that Coinbase's new wallet app has been pulled from the iOS app store.

Is there anything about the Coinbase wallet app that was different from the blockchain.info wallet app?


texts: How are public and private keys related to the wallet?

texts:
I understand that all the Bitcoin protocol is based on an asymmetric cryptography.

A user gets 2 keys (public and private). How do these keys connect to the Bitcoins?

How are the keys are related to the wallet? How can I decide how many Bitcoins to transfer when using my private key?


texts: Receive payments in BTC or USD, but get paid in Bitcoin?

texts:
I need to receive payments on my site. I wish to give users the option to either send money in bitcoins or US Dollars.
However, I always want to get paid out in bitcoins. So I need to have an auto-converter for the USD payments to my Bitcoin account.
Is there a service that offers such an option, preferably with an API?


texts: Get notified of incoming Bitcoin transaction, as soon as it broadcasted

texts:
After a few weeks of searching for an answer, I decided to ask here.

I want to accept a Bitcoin payment, to a specific wallet, and immediately, when the user approved the payment, to receive an indication that the payment was made.

The problem is, I don't want to wait until it is verified in a block, which takes around 10 minutes, I need the approval in seconds, not minutes.

How can I receive an indication that a Bitcoin transaction was occured to my wallet, in the last seconds?


texts: Bitcoin core wallet backup corrupted by an external tool

texts:
Do you know if my wallet.dat which has become wallet.axx due to incorrect handling of an external program
(I do not know the name of the program, but it is used to encrypt Windows files)
has the possibility of reverting to initial format ".dat"
by myself ?
And above all without damaging the backup "Core" that it is ?


texts:
Probably a question that has been asked a lot before, but how do I know if an address I generate with bitcoind and bitcoin-cli is SegWit?

I take the following steps to (attempt to) generate a SegWit address with the command prompt:

$ bitcoin-cli -testnet getnewaddress

n2BC24zr3L5BwVazecnvPPh7NwgcV2Vfxa

$ bitcoin-cli -testnet -addwitnessaddress n2BC24zr3L5BwVazecnvPPh7NwgcV2Vfxa

2NBnkQpnPitDbE3evwZXGpNpRLE51cJpdGA

Now this confuses me because in this post it is stated that SegWit addresses start with a '3'. Yet in this address it is said that they start with 'bc'.

The address I've generated in the above example starts with 2N, which is neither of the above. How can I know if it is still SegWit? Or did I do something wrong while trying to make a SegWit address?


texts: To create a new bitcoin address cloned Bit-Wasp/bitcoin-php code

texts:
I am using code from GitHub.

Once I run composer its gives error as:

  C:\wamp64\www\bitcoin-php-master>composer require bitwasp/bitcoin
  Using version v0.0.33.1 for bitwasp/bitcoin
  ./composer.json has been updated
  Loading composer repositories with package information
  Updating dependencies (including require-dev)
  Your requirements could not be resolved to an installable set of packages.

Problem 1
    - The requested package bitwasp/bitcoin No version set (parsed as 1.0.0) is
satisfiable by bitwasp/bitcoin[No version set (parsed as 1.0.0)] but these confl
ict with your requirements or minimum-stability.

  Installation failed, reverting ./composer.json to its original content.


texts: How much Bitcoin volume is for purchasing stuff versus trading/speculation/investment?

texts:
What percentage of Bitcoin transaction volume is due to people actually buying stuff ("goods") versus between traders, investors and speculators?

Of the "goods" volume, what percentage is for illicit purposes (drugs, etc.)?

Are these percentages relevant to the future success of Bitcoin?


texts: Trying to reconcile the amount sent versus amount transacted

texts:
Newbie here trying to understand how an amount sent from coinbase gets put onto the block at a different value.

In this transaction, I sent 0.55076816 LTC to a wallet.

There’s a network fee of 0.00100816 which means I receive 0.54976.

But what I don’t understand is the figure 0.57441138 on the right hand BlockCypher screen.

Where did the extra 0.02364322 LTC (0.57441138-0.55076816) come from that I didn't send from Coinbase???


texts: Bitcoin Protocol OP_RETURN + Omni USDT Tether + CoPay Multisig Help

texts:
I have been asked to recover some tether that have been sent to the wrong address... Sitting on the blockchain in a multisig copay account.

I have written small php command line tools to reproduce the case and learn more about how Bitcoin works. I am a software developer working mostly with NEM where the blockchain is very different. I have learned a lot about multisig on Bitcoin, OP_RETURNs used in omni (usdt being a smartproperty on the omni layer), and many more awesome things about hierarchical key generation, key derivation functions, and many more subjects.

Script are written in PHP with laravel/zero and can be found here:

BIP32+44 HD Addresses Generation Tool on Github
BIP39 Seed Derivation (get Private Keys) on Github
My P2SH Colored Transaction creation on Github

But I struggle getting back those tether to another address. Of course, I own the 3 cosigners configured with copay, but I am too much of a noob to get those tether back. Fact is, the NEM blockchain is very different when it comes to multisig and custom assets. So I went through the learning process for HD keys and XPRV and XPUBs. Which I also built a command for. A command that, provided with the right derivation path and xpubs or mnemonics, will generate the same cosigners xpubs as copay displays in the multisig wallet information page.

Here is a link to the BitcoinTalk thread where you will find a screenshot and more details about the transaction i am trying to create. Maybe someone here might help as this requires deep understanding of Bitcoin Multisig, HD Key Derivations, OP_RETURN and Colored Coins.

The challenge is quite amazing and let me learn tons of things, but watching serialized data I think I am getting crazy, I can't get it done, please hAlp ! x:)

PS: <3 Bitcoin


texts:
Following the press last months, you could read articles about cryptomining via javascript. Basically, you open a web page, and a villiant person/company/organisation put some code in website which uses your computers or mobile phone cpu to mine various crypto currency. At the first look, this doesn't look very effective, but the one using this approach is

distributing the (possible small) processor load over many clients, and
does not need to pay the energy needed for mining

The problem with this approach is, that the user could detect this cpu-hijacking pretty easily, either by a high cpu load or a rapidly fast decreasing battery. Plus, many users tend to use an adblocker or similar things to avoid this.

Thinking the whole thing one step furter: How to keep people from recognizing this? Assume you play the newest 3D shooter, you expect your cpu to be at high load. So what would prevent a software studio from putting some mining algorithm into the game's source code? No one would ever notice.

So the question is: Is there a theoretical or even pratical way to prevent this? Are there any games which are known doing this?


texts: Server requirements & optimal configuration for Testnet

texts:
My friend and I are interested in running some experiments using a blockchain and accordingly we're interested in setting up our own Testnet.

We're a bit light on experience, i.e. we've never set up or configured a Testnet environment before, so we're looking for any advice or recommendations on the proper procedure or important implementation details that anyone might be able to offer.

From our university we have the ability to have allocated to our project a server, and we've been asked what are the requirements that our project would need- does anyone know what are the necessary specifications?


texts: Is there time-to-failure data available for any of the BFL products?

texts:
Butterfly Labs (BFL) is offering a few mining products which look to be based on some sort of FPGA or ASIC but I can't find any reliable data on what parts they're using or their manufacturing techniques. I'd like to factor device cost into the profitability of mining with these low-power devices but without any MTBF/MTTF/FIT data I can't make a reasonable estimate of how long an average BFL single can be expected to survive.

Does anyone have access to time-to-failure data for BFL's products, or perhaps know what components they're using so that I might find time-to-failure data on the components? Is there any way short of serious testing or published data to determine what a reasonable lifespan should be?


texts: Why doesn't Bitcoin use a DHT to store its blockchain?

texts:
Why doesn't Bitcoin store its blockchain in a DHT, but instead makes each (full) node store the entire blockchain?
related questions: "Why doesn't Bitcoin use a DHT for choosing peers?" and "Why doesn't each node store only a portion of the blockchain?"


texts: Current hash rate required for one block

texts:
Now, the height of the blockchain is 485531. How much hash power is ideally required to mine block number 500000.

And how much hash rate does a node require to publish a block successfully each hour?


texts:
I have sent 0.00778963 BTC to 1BF8SHKnT8ZysYNrj5toeu6DsuGE5XDcCR

It is more than a day and I dont see it in the wallet. The receiving address is a coinbase account wallet.

Please let me know how I can trace/track this transaction probably using a tool like blockchain.info. Unfortunately, I do not have transaction record.


texts: How to tell whether an address is local or remote?

texts: For example, I have a BTC address. Can I (using RPC) get information is this address my local or remote?


texts: Find specific transaction in merkel's tree

texts: We know the merkel tree is branchs of transaction hash so that root of tree is hash that show in block header. If i want to find a specific transaction, how i can?


texts: Old Bitcoin Core Wallet. Coins shown, not spendeable

texts:
Alright, so I thought I had 0.7 btc in my old bitcoin-qt wallet. When I loaded it up it showed 0.97 which was nice. But when I check the addresses, I only find 0.13. And any amount over that doesnt get confirmed.
What I read I understood that using an old version of core QT may cause the btc to not be transferred back.
Or is it because I have an old wallet file that doesnt include the new receiving addresses?
Unfortunately, after reindexing the Blockchain, my laptop (or rather the task) keeps crashing. I therefore extracted the private keys and created a new electrum wallet.
Now, even the most recent transaction doesnt get shown and my balance is 0.
Happy about any idea or help what went wrong.
Thanks in advance.


texts:
How can I detect which customer has made a payment using only one receiving address?

Can I embed a unique special message in the QR code (like a nonce) which I'll match against my database? Does it make any sense or is it too problematic (bitcoin client not embedding the message, unable to read the transaction message from the blockchain, etc..etc..)

If that's not an option, does it make any sense to embed a unique code on the least significant satoshis? (let's say the last 3 satoshis if I expect on average less than 1000 transactions occurring at the same time)


texts: Switching between pruned and non-pruned blocksdir ok?

texts:
Is it ok to swap the nodes blocksdir upon restart without corrupting sth. cache etc.. I have two blocksdir: one locally pruned blocks, the other external with all blocks in blocks on usb drive. Id like to swap to external HDD blocksdir to eg rescan etc.
 like bitcoin-qt -data-dir=stays_same -blocksdir=changes


texts: is it possible to replace the cryptography and public key algorithms in Bitcoin?

texts:
Is it possible to replace the cryptographic algorithms used in Bitcoin, such as the hash algorithms and the elliptic curve public key cryptography?

Does this require a soft fork or a hard fork?


texts: Bitcoin sent , no confirmation on receiver’s or sender’s end

texts:
Transaction ID: f6132f9d9e1b80d0c852a40a172d870a3f3d4a5a8f6706300a91bc704731cf96
I do not know what is going on. I have sent the bitcoin to the receiver’s address on the same wallet and the receiver has not had any confirmation and it’s been a week now.
My bitcoin address: 38xkJbwjZ3LRbqxZoF65E9mWULejrDL8f5


texts: Is buying bitcoin with paypal legal without laundering concerns?

texts:
I'm a software developer, and I want to make a website that allows users to sell bitcoin instantly for paypal cash without the hassle of an exchange - I don't even want to make a profit from it. The idea of it is to be a 100% fair exchange, instant, and no account/signup needed to encourage more people to use bitcoin.

Regardless, I was thinking last night and wondered if money laundering here is a concern? For example, a user stole bitcoins and sold it with my exchange. Is it the sellers responsibility to ensure funds are clean (since we are dealing with fiat cash)? What if someone buys bitcoin with dirty money and tries to sell the bitcoin on my exchange for clean the money? Would the seller be in trouble even though there is know way to know funds are legit? I am in the US.


texts:
i'm trying to see all tx hashes and the balance for an address i don't own:

$ bitcoin-cli importaddress 1M43pksKTGpBd8J8XzjStjgnX5vie1kpYA
$ # wait 5 minutes while bitcoind presumably scans all txs
$ # for this address
$ bitcoin-cli getbalance 1M43pksKTGpBd8J8XzjStjgnX5vie1kpYA
0.00000000

bitcoind claims this address has no balance while blockchain.info currently shows a final balance of 0.00993754 BTC

why is this not working?

however the listunspent command appears to list the unspent transactions correctly:

$ bitcoin-cli listunspent 1M43pksKTGpBd8J8XzjStjgnX5vie1kpYA
[
    {
        "txid" : "0fdcdeff329b91fb9888720c958d550c39716f92abec4e5b6ff7c53a22bb31c2",
        "vout" : 0,
        "address" : "1M43pksKTGpBd8J8XzjStjgnX5vie1kpYA",
        "account" : "",
        "scriptPubKey" : "76a914dbf61ed2ce1def33a34d89ab7b05ccc25d9cf02288ac",
        "amount" : 0.00010000,
        "confirmations" : 3608,
        "spendable" : false
    },
    {
        "txid" : "db1beb183808e8b41064405d43bd6c684874b5f328bfb565c4e16cc2baaa0d18",
        "vout" : 1,
        "address" : "1M43pksKTGpBd8J8XzjStjgnX5vie1kpYA",
        "account" : "",
        "scriptPubKey" : "76a914dbf61ed2ce1def33a34d89ab7b05ccc25d9cf02288ac",
        "amount" : 0.00983754,
        "confirmations" : 4459,
        "spendable" : false
    }
]

adding up the funds here: 0.00983754 + 0.00010000 = 0.00993754 matches the blockchain.info figure. maybe getbalance only shows spendable funds?


texts: Lightning network smart contract technical explaination (unidirectional payment channel)

texts:
Let's observe direct unidirectional lightning channel between Alice and Bob.

How does this start technically:

They first create a 2-2 address C.
They agree on the funds Alice will put into C, say 1BTC.
Bob makes a "conditional refund 2-2 transaction" that has 3 conditions:

a) if Alice put 1BTC into address C

b) if nLock time passed between the time she put money in

c) in no transaction was made from C and put on blockchain

then Alice gets 1BTC back from this address.
He signs that transaction and sends to Alice. Alice can sign and broadcast this transaction after nLock time to retrieve her 1BTC if a) b) and c) are fulfilled.
Alice now puts 1BTC into 2-2 address C.

EDIT: Can you confirm each step.

For example: Is step 2 needed, or can Bob in step 3 just say if nLock time passed and no transaction was put on blockchain from C, whoever put money in C gets its money back in full amount.


texts:
I have created a raw transaction with the following hexstring which decodes to:

{
   "lock_time":0,
   "size":248,
   "inputs":[
      {
         "prev_out":{
            "index":1,
            "hash":"2fb04bcfcc164fbb9d5ad740c891e2599d904920386ab4e7f39bc1c87431218e"
         },
         "script":"483045022100c727a635fbd5e689888e60a10c6ce45855abb7ceeb2235004d815edae2555abb022059839448cdd52733280b6fdde09ee87b06ba090357e50fea178d8fe41d811ba9012103f515b50b5e7693b4d8fe3d5d25346f989b42ab43f65a0106808f844deff55f08"
      }
   ],
   "version":1,
   "vin_sz":1,
   "hash":"096328dc269ea7a060eb1c16ce8629cf81a5cff5766eb3f2ec97d81344854327",
   "vout_sz":3,
   "out":[
      {
         "script_string":"OP_DUP OP_HASH160 98ac2448db3e1a08cce87052513280cb20bafbf5 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
         "address":"1EvFvmzhiFWhaRfvvZupxxQvTMHJ79GGdb",
         "value":1,
         "script":"76a91498ac2448db3e1a08cce87052513280cb20bafbf588ac"
      },
      {
         "script_string":"OP_DUP OP_HASH160 f3223f468b6b81b4104b5b880d23b246c9c76711 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
         "address":"1PAaE9hEh1RNpoGuSJ6fw6wajziLptJSVv",
         "value":99998,
         "script":"76a914f3223f468b6b81b4104b5b880d23b246c9c7671188ac"
      },
      {
         "script_string":"OP_RETURN 68656c6c6f20776f726c64",
         "value":0,
         "script":"6a0b68656c6c6f20776f726c64"
      }
   ]
}

When I enter the command

bitcoind sendrawtransaction <hex-string>

I get the following message:

error: {"code":-26,"message":"64: dust"}

Will this be anything to with standard transactions? I am currently using 0.9.3 branch of the bitcoin client.


texts: Scalability problem: is the end of Bitcoin near?

texts:
I was reading in Wikipedia that the blockchain can only handle around 7 transactions per second:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin_scalability_problem
With the soft fork for SegWi, I can imagine it could handle a little bit more, maybe 10 transactions per second.
That would mean that in one day we could have:
60 second * 60 minutes * 24 hours * 10 transactions = 864000 transactions/day
Here the official chart showing that we are often getting close to 400000 transactions/day
https://www.blockchain.com/charts/n-transactions
Does that mean that when we double the number of transactions, Bitcoin cannot scale anymore? Am I missing something?
If that's the case, considered the recent bull crypto market, we can expect there is a high chance Bitcoin reaches the maximum number of transactions per day, which will cause the crash of the Bitcoin price and a big shift in the crypto world.


texts: Altcoin peers do not sync with each other

texts:
I created two altcoin peers and they can add blocks to genesis block. However their blockchains do not sync with each other!

The only way let the block merge is to stop a peer and restart the peer.

Is there any solution? Thanks..


texts: given a json of a block, how do I calculate its hash?


texts: How can I recover my MultiBit HD wallet words?

texts:
I have problem with MultiBit HD. Its balance changed to an unconfirmed transaction just like in this bug report.

It appears that I need to use my wallet words to recover the balance, but I have lost (totally lost, there is no chance of recovering) the wallet words.
But given that I've got list of all possible words used in MultiBit HD and my wallet can I use it in some cracking program to find my words and their order in which they occur?

I do not have any experience with brute force or cracking, I'm just a regular, lame computer user.


texts: Send an email when there is activity on a NXT / Ardor account address in php?

texts:
Let say I have a nxt node up on my lamp server and I want to monitor a few NXT / Ardor addresses for activity and then email me. How can this be done? Is there a special setting or a snippet of php code I can use to do something like this? Or do I have to constantly query the NXT server to check if an address has any activity at all?

I know about https://arguseyes.net/ to monitor transactions, but was wondering how to do it myself.


texts: Why are some transactions larger (in bytes) than others?

texts:
There's this transaction: http://blockchain.info/tx/2588df59035129de0f0cb20d2cb5d77d18830043aa68ad2a1a2df7d727bc7a62 that is 802 bytes but for only 1.4BTC

Another transaction: http://blockchain.info/tx-index/14803514/781333d877bae2b4d8fc7ff856b38989013f0a11668395b8f90b423dd2ffc230 is for 50.4BTC by only 118 bytes.

So what exactly goes into a transaction that would increase / decrease the size of the transaction?


texts:
Since I have been tearing down and setting up bitcoin clients a lot for some experiments lately, I was wondering whether there is a simple way to speed up the synchronization with the network. One method that comes to mind is the bootstrap.dat file distributed by some people. The problem is that the last 40'000 blocks, which are the most expensive to get and verify, are not included.

Now I was wondering how to create such a bootstrap.dat myself, from a good copy I have on another machine. Any idea?


texts: Generate cryptocurrency addresses on server

texts: I want to generate cryptocurrency addresses (e.g. for top 10 cryptocurrencies on CoinMarketCap) on my server and be able to send transactions when deposit arrives. Can I do that with CLIs or there is another/better way to do that? Or maybe there is a service that is suitable for cryptocurrency address generation?


texts: Explanation of Blockchain Payment systems

texts:
Trying as much as possible to understand what Blockchain technology is (As i am trying to see if i can be a Blockhain developer) and I just worked on a money transfer system myself and i hear everyone talking about blockchain being the next to important thing in order to develop a money payment system.

following what i read on the internet , a system using blockchain technology should have the following capabilities,

1.) After making the Payments should generate the block and generate the block hashes and save them to be used as a transaction Log Later on, in order to trace the history of the payments from the beginning till its present state... 2.) Peer-to-peer Allowing users to make payments and view track of the transactions etc

Now i want to understand in its short meaning, its this what blockchain is all about?


texts:
I was making a multisig account in coinb.in. Then I tried to make a transaction (spend funds). At the bottom there was a box for writing the fee.

What fee? I thought bitcoin sending was free! Beside the box, it said, "Make sure you include an adequate fee, otherwise your transaction may be rejected. 0.0005 BTC or more is recommended."


texts: Blockchain length by number of blocks or transactions?

texts:
It is my understanding that the longest blockchain is the one that should be used.

Is "longest" measured by the number of blocks or the number of transactions?


texts: Is it true that the rate of finding a new block is constant, but just that the bitcoin reward become less and less?

texts:
Can somebody ELI5?  Is it true that every block that is discovered, the person that discovered the block will be awarded 12.5 bitcoins?  But to discover such a block, somehow the person has to get a SHA256 number that has all 0's for the first 72 bits?
What if somehow, in that 10 minutes, two new blocks are discovered, or likewise, what if a new block took 20 minutes to be discovered?
And it is 10 minutes per block discovered? So in the year 2022, when the number of bitcoin awarded is halved again, to 6.25 bitcoins, does that mean it is still 10 minutes per block, but now the award is 6.25 bitcoins?
Or does the 72 of 0 bits now become 73 of 0 bits?
So is it true that even in year 2140, when all 21 million bitcoins have been rewarded, then new blocks will still come out every 10 miniutes, and good for recording transactions?
It is said that 1 block is 1MB, and each transaction is about 0.25kb, so 1 block = 1MB, is good for 4000 transactions.  So in year 2035, or in year 2140, we can still record new transaction at a rate of 4000 transaction per 10 minutes?


texts: Convert 33-byte public key with no parity prefix to address

texts:
I'm writing a blockchain parser and I keep running into this type of scriptPubKey in the Litecoin blockchain:

20a75ca72ffd994d2004d67b0e89015913f7352455d0111ede590430037c9fe2ac
20e664c3f6909687499d9bf13108e35306477a8d71b20655a75cbc64270416a9f2
20651b85139631645bfd68327d85af913a7e33e74433848c5facfe48368c7d1504
20604f5ced8c595af687a0e8718098c4818b7d51f2ba79cca931dc74d6cdb8c021

The length suggests they might be compressed public keys but there is no parity byte. I can look at a few dozens of these and all bytes vary, except for the prefix 20 which is the length.

Blockchair seems to parse these as 's-something' addresses, like this:

https://blockchair.com/litecoin/address/s-31fa6bd469e97be4fe639911ca60bddf

https://blockchair.com/litecoin/address/s-4e7d283f055044b547f571bfdbbdb291

What are these addresses, and how is it doing that? I assume they artificially add the s- because dash in not in base58, but I can't get anything to match the address to the right of it either.

I've tried the regular way of compressing other formats like this:

temp = prefix + hash160(scriptPubKey)
address = base58Check(temp + checksum(temp))

With and without checksum, with and without hash160.
Even scanning for all possible prefix bytes I can't get the address to the right of the dash.

I've discovered that I have to base58 something with 23 bytes to get the target length, but that's about it.

Other parsers can't seem to decode this address (see links on blockchair page itself), only blockchair.


texts: Trying to understand how exchanges handle crypto

texts:
From my understanding. (which is very very limited)
Crypto exchanges give their users a bitcoin address to send their crypto to. This address is a derived/child key from their own wallet. Once this wallet receives bitcoin the exchanges then credit their account.
But this means that the crypto is on two different wallets which means they'll have the send the crypto again which means another onchain update which means another bitcoin transaction fee
If the logic above is correct then 3 transaction fees are required to take place. Sending the bitcoin in. Merging the bitcoin into a main wallet. Withdrawaling the bitcoin. (Merging may not always be required)
My question is, if this is true (which it may not be, in which case PLEASE correct me and explain how it works) why would crypto exchanges give users their own bitcoin addresses? Why would they not just give the users their main bitcoin address and ask the users to include a user_id on the transaction memo?
Edit: I asked a similar question recently which stated, that only 2 onchain events happen. This is because the public address the user is given is actually directed to the exchanges wallet. How is an address generated from a public address?


texts: How long must I wait for a 15 sat/B transaction to be confirmed or dropped by the network? What else can be done?

texts:
I know my question will likely be marked as a duplicate, but I do not see how to apply that answer in the case of a Ledger Nano S wallet. Doesn't using the Bitcoin wallet software require downloading 200 GB? I cannot do this. I also ask a few more questions related to this situation.

5 centiBitcoin was sent to Coinbase December 12th and is still marked on their site as 'Pending'. However, their link to live.blockcypher.com says, "No transaction found with the hash [string of numbers and letters]".

It was sent from a Segwit-enabled Ledger Nano S that had received those funds from Coinbase. Their Chrome Bitcoin wallet app lists the transaction as 'unconfirmed', and its link to blockchain.info does show information about the transaction, including a 'received time'.

The fee is 14.781 sat/B, i.e. 57.5 microBitcoin. How many days must I wait for this transaction to be processed? Or, how long must I wait for the transaction to be rejected from the record so that I may respend? Or are the funds locked away forever?

The commonly referenced answer says,

  expect it to be ignored for an unknown amount of time until a miner decides to process it and solves the block; this could be several days to several weeks, possibly never. Your wallet and any Bitcoin node will show it as unconfirmed, your transaction is stuck in limbo.

So then this 5 cBTC is now literally "buried in a mine" and may never be dug back out?

I contacted Coinbase but they merely said, "I’ll pass your message [of concern and support for BIP 148 / SegWit] along for consideration for the team." Are they implying my funds are frozen until they enable SegWit? Why wouldn't they have already enabled it?


texts:
I was just wondering.

Would a transaction with a $0.01 fee get confirmed? If so, how long would it take?


texts: How to know how many bitcoins does my offline generated address hold?

texts:
Suppose I generate an address offline, using something like bitaddress.org

And then I receive some bitcoins on this address.

How do I know how much balance do I have on this address?


texts: What is the numerical definition of a Satoshi relative to a BTC?

texts:
In previous definitions of a Satoshi, I only saw the decimal place in front of the 0's and the #1 (.0001), but no 0's after the #1 and that's confusing to me. If however you also put the 0's behind the #1 it makes much more sense to me: Ex. .0000100000 BTC = 100,000.00 Satoshis. I can now see the number value of Satoshi based on the number of 0's behind the #1!

1BTC = 100,000,000.00 Satoshi, is this a accurate understanding?


texts: Not able to connect to bitcoind on mac mini

texts:
I'm running Bisq v1.6.1 on a iMac and that works fine using "use provided bitcoin Core nodes"
I also running a bitcoin core node on a mac Mini in the same local network on address 192.168.0.70
Putting this address in "Use custom Bitcoin Core nodes" and also checking this radio button does not work. The "Bitcoin network peers" stays at 0
The network in itself is working, as I can connect to the mini using the remote desktop
I found out that this issue is due to the fact that ports 8333 and 8332 are closed on the mac mini.
output from nmap
PORT     STATE    SERVICE
8332/tcp filtered unknown

PORT     STATE    SERVICE
8333/tcp filtered bitcoin

pf.conf looks like this:
pass in proto tcp from any to any port 8332
pass in proto tcp from any to any port 8333

Executed:
sudo pfctl -f /etc/pf.conf
sudo pfctl -E

Output from sudo pfctl -sr:
No ALTQ support in kernel
ALTQ related functions disabled
pass in proto tcp from any to any port = 8332 flags S/SA keep state
pass in proto tcp from any to any port = 8333 flags S/SA keep state

My bitcoin.conf looks like this
# Bitcoin daemon
server=1
txindex=1

# Network
listen=1
listenonion=1
proxy=127.0.0.1:9050
bind=127.0.0.1

# Connections
rpcuser=****
rpcpassword=****
rpcallowip=192.168.0.0/24
rpcconnect=127.0.0.1
rpcport=8332

zmqpubrawblock=tcp://127.0.0.1:28332
zmqpubrawtx=tcp://127.0.0.1:28333

peerbloomfilters=1

Also rebooting doesn't help


texts: Why did the Bitminter application ruin my GPU?

texts: I was trying out Bitcoin mining with my home GPU, a Radeon R9 290x, with the Bitminter program, on Windows. (I know it's not profitable, it was just mere curiosity) It instantly recognized my GPU, and when I clicked on start, the whole system crashed, like if I unplugged the power source. Since then, the PC doesn't recognize the GPU at all, like as if it wasn't plugged in, nor does my monitor receive any input. What could have been the problem? Could it be fixed?


texts: Why is JSON not used in the Bitcoin P2P protocol?

texts:
The Bitcoin P2P protocol uses its own serialisation format for the transferred data.
Is this serialisation considered as more secure against DoS attacks than JSON?


texts: Buying BTC with PayPal, preferably automatic, mid 2015

texts:
Does anyone know if the Virwox method (buying "linden dollars" with USD from PayPal, and then exchanging linden for BTC) still works, and what are the limits, and cost? (in late 2013, if I recall correctly, there was a $300~$400 USD monthly limit, and the effective cost was really high, around ~16%).

Also, does anybody know of any other reliable method, preferably automatic (hence, not localbitcoins) of buying BTC with PayPal? (by automatic I mean not depending on direct interaction with some other user).

I know similar questions have already been asked, but they're old and some methods no longer work.


texts: Ok so i recieved a 50$ transaction and it was on my account ( the bottom transaction) and 2 days later i have 0 $ on account and all funds from that transaction apparently got replaced by fee, am i gonna get it back eventually or , what does this mean,  i tried googling it but language barrier is kinda messing up things for me


texts: I have this issue I have... When I first started using crypto currencys I used a lot of wallets ... etc trying to get a feel for what I wanted.. so ... Now I have a wallet that reads . 01 BTC balance and while I recognize the the last few letters of the address .. I have no clue what or where is it.. Evercoin, Crytonator, Coinbase... Any ideas .. I am sure I can find it if I had and clue where to look...


texts: Who is spamming the bitcoin cash mempool and why?

texts:
When looking at the last hours of bitcoin cash (BCH/BCC) transactions I saw a massive increase in low(or no)-fee transactions:

Usually the graph looks similar to the BTC case (see below), just without the backlog of unconfirmed transactions.

Is anything known who did this and why? Is it just to test out if BCH is able to support high transactions volume without problems (fortunately it seems so, with ~20k transactions per block) or does somebody have malicious intentions and is trying to stall the BCH network?

Have people done similar things with BTC in the past?

Stats are taken from this site:
https://core.jochen-hoenicke.de/queue/#8h


texts: What is Skrill's policy on its use in BTC trading?

texts:
Is Skrill tolerant of Bitcoin trade using its system?
Does it have any kind of history of reversing transactions or suspending accounts involved in Bitcoin trading?


texts: Protocols for use between mining clients and mining pool servers

texts: Which protocols are there for mining clients to communicate with mining pool servers? How do they compare?


texts: Why I haven't received my transfer from BTCGuild?

texts:
Possible Duplicate:
  How long does it take to receive bitcoins?

At BTCGuild site it shows on Payout History:

2012-01-26 19:01:06 1BiNp9GmFJv1VuoudsJy8Ke79qvh6BPDzp  0.20000000
2012-01-22 07:29:27 1BiNp9GmFJv1VuoudsJy8Ke79qvh6BPDzp  0.11390889
2012-01-20 01:36:25 1BiNp9GmFJv1VuoudsJy8Ke79qvh6BPDzp  0.23492573

But in Bitcoin software, I haven't received the first (0.20000000) payout.

Only the second and the third were received.

Why have I got this problem?


texts: how does this transaction size calculated

texts:
what brought my attention this transaction size

this transaction contains 2 SegWit inputs which mean it should be compressed and five outputs.

As we know, each compressed input size is ≈ 148 bytes, and each output is 34.

So transactions size should be (148 * 2) + (5 * 34) + 10 = 476

But actual transaction size is 516 Byte.

is it a multi-signature transaction? if so is all other transaction which has one signature has a size of 148 Byte?

  I apologize for not being word-perfect in English


texts: does Lightning Network can work and solve Bitcoin scalability problem?

texts:
from what i managed to understand(if i got it right), the lightning network is supposed to work by using "channels" which can be created by some users with some seller and also be used by anyone who have a channel with someone who have a channel open with the seller so there is a network of users connecting each other to other users so when someone have an open channel with someone he doesn't have to open another channel for every seller that sell stuff in exchange for bitcoin. and basically people pay with the lightning network by using bitcoins from other people's channels?.
anyway i readed this article https://medium.com/@jonaldfyookball/mathematical-proof-that-the-lightning-network-cannot-be-a-decentralized-bitcoin-scaling-solution-1b8147650800
i didn't got too much into the details of the article but it claims that the lightning network is "Completely Unworkable System" and won't help with the bitcoin scalability problem. so who is right? the LN developers or the writers of this article?.