texts: Forks to be aware of other than Bitcoin Cash and Bitcoin Gold?

texts:
I have now taken care of the Bitcoin Cash and Bitcoin Gold that I was given "for free" when the hard forks took place, and sent them to other wallets.

Before getting rid of [*] my old Electrum wallet containing all the relevant keys and wallet seed, I wanted to ask the question:

  Are there forks other than Bitcoin Cash and Bitcoin Gold I should be aware of that might carry some value?

I guess I can safely assume that SegWit2x will never happen, at least not at the block that was originally planned?

[*] Not exactly getting rid of it, but just take comfort in the fact that I can calmly forget the password, erase that wallet file by mistake etc etc.


texts: converting RUBY script into PYTHON ( Recovering private key when someone uses the same k twice )

texts:
require 'ecdsa'

public_key_hex = '02a50eb66887d03fe186b608f477d99bc7631c56e64bb3af7dc97e71b917c5b364'
msghash1_hex = '01b125d18422cdfa7b153f5bcf5b01927cf59791d1d9810009c70cd37b14f4e6'
msghash2_hex = '339ff7b1ced3a45c988b3e4e239ea745db3b2b3fda6208134691bd2e4a37d6e1'
sig1_hex = '304402200861cce1da15fc2dd79f1164c4f7b3e6c1526e7e8d85716578689ca9a5dc349d02206cf26e2776f7c94cafcee05cc810471ddca16fa864d13d57bee1c06ce39a3188'
sig2_hex = '304402200861cce1da15fc2dd79f1164c4f7b3e6c1526e7e8d85716578689ca9a5dc349d02204ba75bdda43b3aab84b895cfd9ef13a477182657faaf286a7b0d25f0cb9a7de2'

group = ECDSA::Group::Secp256k1

def hex_to_binary(str)
str.scan(/../).map(&:hex).pack('C*')
end

public_key_str = hex_to_binary(public_key_hex)
public_key = ECDSA::Format::PointOctetString.decode(public_key_str, group)

puts 'public key x: %#x' % public_key.x
puts 'public key y: %#x' % public_key.y

msghash1 = hex_to_binary(msghash1_hex)
msghash2 = hex_to_binary(msghash2_hex)
sig1 = ECDSA::Format::SignatureDerString.decode(hex_to_binary(sig1_hex))
sig2 = ECDSA::Format::SignatureDerString.decode(hex_to_binary(sig2_hex))

raise 'R values are not the same' if sig1.r != sig2.r

r = sig1.r
puts 'sig r: %#x' % r
puts 'sig1 s: %#x' % sig1.s
puts 'sig2 s: %#x' % sig2.s

sig1_valid = ECDSA.valid_signature?(public_key, msghash1, sig1)
sig2_valid = ECDSA.valid_signature?(public_key, msghash2, sig2)
puts "sig1 valid: #{sig1_valid}"
puts "sig2 valid: #{sig2_valid}"

# Step 1: k = (z1 - z2)/(s1 - s2)
field = ECDSA::PrimeField.new(group.order)
z1 = ECDSA::Format::IntegerOctetString.decode(msghash1)
z2 = ECDSA::Format::IntegerOctetString.decode(msghash2)

k_candidates = [
field.mod((z1 - z2) * field.inverse(sig1.s - sig2.s)),
field.mod((z1 - z2) * field.inverse(sig1.s + sig2.s)),
field.mod((z1 - z2) * field.inverse(-sig1.s - sig2.s)),
field.mod((z1 - z2) * field.inverse(-sig1.s + sig2.s)),
]

private_key = nil
k_candidates.each do |k|
 next unless group.new_point(k).x == r
 private_key_maybe = field.mod(field.mod(sig1.s * k - z1) * field.inverse(r))
 if public_key == group.new_point(private_key_maybe)
  private_key = private_key_maybe
 end
end

puts 'private key: %#x' % private_key

some one please convert above code into python please from
Recovering private key when someone uses the same k twice in ECDSA signatures


texts: Problems with deterministic ECDSA based on RFC6979 in Bitcoin

texts:
Generating random number k in elliptic curve is crucial and in any transactions signature in Bitcoin, random number k is required to compute a point k*G. If this k is chosen not randomly, it instantly leaks the private key.
Therefore, they came up with an idea of deterministic generation of ECDSA which is described in RFC6979. Basically they concatenate the private key with the hashed message and use an HMAC function and generate a pseudo random k.
This method seems simple and easy.

Does it introduce any overhead?
If yes, is this overhead negligible?

Or generally is there any inefficiencies or problem with this method and why do we still see non-deterministic implementation of ECDSA?


texts: Is it possible to deploy a python script on Ethereum Virtual Network or NEO?

texts: Is it possible to deploy a python script as a dApp on the Ethereum or NEO virtual network?


texts:
The main bitcoin blockchain (the chain that miners choose to work on) is the chain with the most proof of work ("heaviest" chain). Currently, the cumulative proof of work on the bitcoin main blockchain is about 2^94 hashes.

I have a few questions here:

(1) How is the cumulative proof of work on a bitcoin chain calculated? Are they calculated by checking the timestamps (and thus the difficulty)?

(2) Let's say an adversary has an alien supercomputer he stole from Area 51. He uses this alien supercomputer to rewrite the entire bitcoin blockchain from the genesis block - by mining a private chain that is heavier than the current chain. Does the current bitcoin network have any method of defending against this kind of attack? (I know that checkpoints can prevent such an attack, but checkpoints are no longer in the current bitcoin protocol, as far as I know)

(3) What would be the consequences of a bitcoin blockchain rewriting attack? An instant crash in bitcoin price? Would bitcoin be essentially dead forever, or does the bitcoin network have a way to recover and go on?


texts: explain decoderawtransaction output fields and interpretation

texts:
I am trying to obtain information about a raw transaction in hex before it is broadcasted. This command multiple elements JSON formatted. I'd like a simpler explanation for them:

txid - hash of the transaction itself

hash - hash of the transaction itself. If transaction is non-segwit, txid == hash, otherwise in segwit transactions the transaction hash is different.

version - this is obvious what it is, but how should be interpreted?

size - size of the transaction in bytes

vsize - weighted size for segwit transactions

locktime - lock time of this transaction either in block height either in unix time. OP_CLTV is only determinable from the redeemscript, not from this field.

vin - this subset includes all the inputs being spent.

txid - txid of the input being spent.
vout - what is this?
scriptSig - asm / hex - this includes the signature(s) and redeemScript of this particular input. Is there any difference between asm and hex?
sequence - how can this be interpreted? How can one determine if the input is either CSV locked, either replace-able by fee (RBF)?

vout - this subset includes all the outputs of the transaction:

value - amount of this output.
n - this looks like the number / ordering of outputs?
scriptPubKey - script or pubkeyhash of the output
reqSigs - how can this be known in advance by the sender, only by having the address?
type - how can this be know in advance as well?

Additional questions:

How can the amount of each input within the vin subset be determined?
How can the scriptSig be validated, like: is the input CLTV or CSV locked? Does the redeemScript (if p2sh) validate to true (e.g. required number of sigs available, other IF/ELSE rules fulfilled)?


texts: Why do merchants accept Bitcoin as valid currency?

texts: I suppose one could ask the same question about any form of currency, but I am curious how bitcoin became an accepted currency with no government backing it.


texts: Exporting private key from Bitcoin Core to claim my BCH on Exodus

texts:
My BTC is currently in a Bitcoin Core wallet and this is where I want to keep my BTC.

I'm trying to claim my BCH, while using Exodus as the wallet.

However, when I try to "move" my funds via Exodus > Developer > Assets > Bitcoin Cash > Move Funds (WIF)... by entering my private key, I get an error that states "Invalid network version".

What am I doing wrong??


texts: What happens if you set prune= to a value between 0 and 550?

texts:
Today I saw a question about what Bitcoin Core would do if you set prune=1. The documentation on bitcoin.org states:

  A value of 0 disables pruning. The minimal value above 0 is 550.

Apparently, the log upon setting prune=1 states:

  2017-03-11 10:51:03 Block pruning enabled.  Use RPC call pruneblockchain(height) to manually prune block and undo files.

Will Bitcoin Core prune to the minimum disk usage now, or does it just enable manual pruning?

The asker was running Bitcoin Core 0.14.0, if it makes a difference.


texts:
My learning on blockchain is mainly theory based. I have always been under the impression that blockchain is about data processing and data storage which I think this is where I am confused.

I have always pictured blockchain as a P2P decentralised data storage system where anyone can transfer/upload/store anything on the blockchain network. Data can be anything of a value. Any upload and transfer of data is encrypted. Data is stored encrypted. There is some magical formula that turns whatever size data into digest. Anyone who retrieve the digest will be able to turn it back to the original content with the key.

The more I delve into it, the more it seems I have been understanding it all wrong.

Data Storage

I understand Bitcoin is not meant for data storage. It can be but not meant for. I read about IPFS.

Now, the data storage part whenever it is mentioned with blockchain technology(not restricted to bitcoin), without reference to IPFS or equivalent, does the data generally mean hashes of digital signatures? We store the digital signatures of the data. We don't 'upload and save' the content like what we do with cloud storage? (Let's assume cost of storage is not an issue.)

The recipient is not able to 'convert' the digest to the original content since the original content is not 'transfer'/'store' on the blockchain at all.

If we want to encrypt the data, we will do it 'on our own' using an external service off the chain. We sign the encrypted data with private key. The recipient will use our public key to verify the digital signature and what they received is the encrypted data. The decryption part is to be communicated off the chain.

Have I understood the above correctly now?

=======

My question is not restricted to Bitcoin but blockchain in general.


texts: What is the minimal block time practically possible?

texts:
There have been so many altcoins that experimented with parameters like block-time, and I was wondering what turned out to be the minimal feasible time?

If its 10 seconds for example, there will be so many orphans that the network will not function. So it cannot be too short, but how short can it be for a reasonably functioning network?


texts: Can I send btc to a totally offline wallet?

texts: I want to setup a totally offline armory wallet. is it possible to send btc to a totally offline pc? Is it also safe, I guess it must be synchronized with the whole network, right? And there is something else, armory gives a paper wallet with a long code, can I use this code with any other software, in case something happens to armory?


texts: Does the introduction of Schnorr signatures require segwit?

texts:
What is the relationship of segwit and Schnorr signatures? Is segwit a prerequisit for Schnorr signatures?

I've read that the transaction versioning of Segregated Witness would allow to just assign Schnorr transactions a new version number. Is that a requirement?


texts: I deposited bitcoins on an online investment. the record on my bitcoin wallet shows that it was indeed sent to the wallet address of the online investment. but my account on that online investment is still empty or zero. they didn't put my bitcoins on my account to that investment. what should I do. I want my bitcoins bring back to me. please help me.


texts: How much will difficulty increase when ASIC miners become generally availible in the coming months?

texts: I am considering buying a 5/Ghs Butterfly Labs ASIC miner. My question is, will the difficulty increase caused by large quantities of ASIC miners being shipped in the coming months make the miner in question unprofitable?


texts: Connecting full nodes within a LAN to speed up blockchain sync

texts:
Bitcoin core v0.14.0 seems to be a lot quicker than previous versions, to the point where syncing the full blockchain now seems to be IO-bound rather than CPU-bound: When running top I used to see my CPU running at full capacity (indicating that network IO was not the limiting factor). This is no longer the case it seems, and the speed of network IO seems to be a relevant factor in the time it takes to sync a full blockchain...

Now we always have some new hardware to set up, or some new OS to try out and invariably we find ourselves in the position of building and installing bitcoind followed by a blockchain sync. Now that network speed matters, it would make a lot of sense to try and source the blockchain data from another full node we happen to be running on the same LAN, rather than fetching the data externally from a random peer connection. So my question is:

Assuming I have another full node running on the same LAN, how do I set up the config file of the new node to ensure it connects to this local node so as to benefit from the increased network speed? (This question assuming both nodes are IPv4). How do I change these settings if the running full node is on Tor while the new node is IPv4, or when the running node is IPv4 and the new node is on Tor?

EDIT: following the suggestions from the comment, I have tried to add the line:

addnode=192.168.0.2:8333

in the config file of the new (ipv4) node where 192.168.0.2 is the local ip of the established (tor) node. My tor node config file is as follows:

txindex=1
debug=mempool
daemon=1
#onlynet=onion # commented out to allow local ipv4 connection
onion=127.0.0.1:9050
port=8333
listen=1
bind=127.0.0.1:8333
externalip=<myexternaltoraddress>.onion
seednode=<seed1>.onion
...
banscore=10000
bantime=11

I have also made sure my firewall on the tor node server is properly set up

$ sudo ufw allow 8333

However, my tor node is refusing the connection request as can be seen from the new node debug:

2017-03-31 13:21:50 connect() to 192.168.0.2:8333 failed after select(): Connection refused (111)


texts: Litecoin litecore-lib receive UTXO and current balance

texts:
I have coded NodeJS script for bitcoin for send all balance from by address to some other one. Now I want to do this for the litecoin. For bitcoin I have used bitcore-lib and bitcore-explorers libs to do that.

For litecoin I have found forked and adopted lib litecore-lib, but I can't found solution to receive UTXO data for some LTC address like I do it in case of bitcoin:

var Insight = require("bitcore-explorers").Insight;
var insight = new Insight(network);
insight.getUnspentUtxos(sourceAddress, function (error, utxos) {
    // determine balance, fee and sign transaction
}

How can I do this for litecoin? Thanks!


texts:
I want to begin to mine on a computer, I know that it is not efficient but I want to do some experiments and tests for a project.

I tried all programs in the list https://www.bitcoinmining.com/bitcoin-mining-software/ but none wanted to start to mine

Can anyone recommend me a software that can mine from a dektop?


texts: How do I get a full transaction index with Bitcoin Core?

texts:
How can I sync bitcoin full node so that I can access all details of transactions occurring on other nodes and other wallets also, like blockchain.info.

I have synced a full node using below commands, but that's giving details of node wallet account details.

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:bitcoin/bitcoin
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bitcoin-qt
sudo apt-get install bitcoins


texts:
Suppose my private key is properly generated. My public key is known to everybody.
I don't care about privacy.
How many times can I reuse my bitcoin address until someone has enough information from all my transaction data to break my private key?
Assume I operate as an eBay seller who sells USDT (zero loses purchases where anybody can resell later at the same price), where adversaries can freely transact with me to get the transaction data, signature etc.
What is the term for this case/matter? is it "chosen cipher text attack", "plain text attack" etc.


texts: bitcoin exchange for other virtual (centralized) currencies

texts:
i was wondering if there are any exchanges which trade centralized virtual currencies for decentralized virtual currencies. for example, air miles for bitcoin or vice versa. my thinking is that this might externalize the charge-back problem inherent with fiat currency - ie the problem where someone sends fiat to the exchange, in return for bitcoin, then claims the money was stolen or the transaction was somehow illegitimate, and the bank takes the money back off the exchange leaving the user having paid nothing for their bitcoins.

of course i'm thinking that the centralized virtual currency also would not have chargebacks, but this may not be the case? here are some examples:

linden dollars from second life
amazon coins
air miles
gift voucher codes


texts:
At the moment I'm trying to get a look inside Bitcoin and the Blockchain, but I'm having some general unanswered questions.

How does a wallet know how much Bitcoins belongs to a specific address?

I guess there are many possible ways to do that like parsing the complete blockchain and look for some transaction the address made and just sum up the transaction amounts. But that seems to be like the worst possible method. Is there another way to access the blockchain, for example like SQL for relational databases?

In which block will the transaction for creating a block hash listed?

When you find a correct hash of a block you'll receive Bitcoins. But the transaction will be listed in the following block, correct? If the transaction would be listed in the block for which the miner found the hash, the hash would be instantly incorrect after adding this transaction to the block?!

Who hashes the merkle root?

I already know that the merkle tree is "final" hash from all pairwise hashed transactions. But who hashes all the transactions? Is that also part of the miners themselves?
If so, the miners have to hash all transactions and afterwards find the correct nonce?

How do miners know that there is a new block?

I know that news blocks are generated every 10 minutes. Is this regulated by time? Let's say the last blocks hash was found at 9:30 and it's now 9:40, would the miner just look in the blockchain and get all transactions from 9:30 to 9:40 and that's the block that needs to be hashed?

Is the difficulty only regulated by the leading zeroes in a hash?

When finding the correct hash it seems like getting the correct amount of leading zeroes is elementary. But is this the only way to regulate the difficulty?

What if no nounce is found for a block?

Is it possible that the network can't find a nonce to generate the needed hash?

Thank you very much


texts: Will mining be viable after the halving?

texts: So I don't understand the halving very well, will miners just make half as much? Will the price double or the difficulty change? Will bitcoin mining just become so hard it ceases to be cost effective? Am I making a mistake getting into bitcoin mining? Will people just switch to a altcoin?


texts:
guys!
Recently, I transfered bitcoins from paxful wallet to bitcasino. Usually, it worked. Now, I cannot reach them, it looked to me like they were stuck on the way and I wanted to ask either side what happened. However, I realized an unusual activity, having traced the transaction by its ID. Usually, I wait for confirmation and it's done. It gets green and all is good. Now, the bitcoins are nowhere, but something is different at the same time. I noticed a minus next to my bitcoin amount, covered in red, as recorded within blockchain website. I suspect a steal, since everything matches. Did someone have a similar experience and can someone find a solution? Thankful in advance!


texts: If I offer a higher transaction fee, will my order get processed faster?

texts:
I was reading the wiki and it seemed to sugest that the transaction fees didn't play to much of a role in determining the priority of an order but rather the actual size in bytes and the previous amount of wait time are used.

  priority = sum( input_value_in_base_units * input_age ) / size_in_bytes

but if I was a miner and I had the choice between two orders of equal size, I would always pick the one that offered the higher fee.

So for all of you miners out there, would my orders on average get processed faster?

Also it could just be that the current mining software does not discriminate based on fee size, but is it possible to write a miner which does?


texts: Stuck recovering what appears to be a seed for a wallet

texts:
I've been passed a piece of text from my father who's not really interested in the crypto space. He claims he bought a fraction of a coin a few years ago (about 4) and placed the wallet on a paper wallet.

I've asked him where he generated this wallet from but he cannot remember that. I've tried to recover this wallet using various versions of Electrum, but none worked.

Is there anyone out here that would be able to recognize this seed pattern and point me into the direction in which it can be recovered?

The pattern looks like so:

mywallet xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx yyyyyyyyyyy

The x are random letters/integers and the y looks like a potential password to unlock the file (100% sure the Y was typed by him and not generated). Googling "mywallet" brings back results with blockchain but I cannot recovery it there as the seed is not 12 words long.


texts: Is the UTXO set computed from scratch by new full nodes?

texts:
When a new full node joins the network,
does he, by default, compute the UTXO set from scratch from the blockchain so far; or does he simply trust the UTXO set he received is valid?


texts:
I have a list of bitcoin addresses provided by a user and I am trying to find out a sum deposited to these addresses. I am using blockexplorer.com API to obtain transactions.

This is a typical API call (for convenience only for one address) my script does. The call supports parameters from and to, these can be used to effectively streamline an entire transaction ledger.

https://blockexplorer.com/api/addrs/1Archive1n2C579dMsAu3iC6tWzuQJz8dN/txs?from=0&to=20

There appears to be no error in my streamlining algorithm, but if I summarize values found in valueIn (which should presumably stand for values sent to an address), the result is completely off when compared to result returned in API call totalReceived.

https://blockexplorer.com/api/addr/1Archive1n2C579dMsAu3iC6tWzuQJz8dN/totalReceived

Why am I getting a totally different results?

Is this a correct way to find out if a certain amount was deposited to address (or addresses)?

Fun fact: blockexplorer.com returns a value of totalReceived that is different from a value returned by blockchain.info.


texts:
I have just discovered, albeit far too late, that Cryptobridge has closed.

Now, there is a lot to say about this particularly dodgy move, but I won't and I'll keep this simple:

How can I access the coins stored in the Cryptobridge wallet?

I saved the .bin file and can access my Bitshares account via OpenLedger, but the only coin listed is Bitshares. Bitcoin is just one of the coins that are/were stored in that wallet.

I've searched around and a few forums say it's possible by logging in to another exchange. Well, that's what I've done and that clearly didn't work.

I am hoping that this simple question has a simple answer, even if that answer is: "You can't."


texts: Does it make sense to "collect" smaller transactions balances into a single account during low activity?

texts:
My understanding is that it's possible for extra bitcoins to be left in several accounts within my wallet.  The scattering of these coins into different accounts may cause future transactions to become larger in size (Kb), and therefore more costly in fees.

Does it make sense to prematurely consolidate these small accounts into a single "spend account" at some point? (perhaps while I sleep?)


texts: What is the exact difference between combinepsbt and joinpsbts

texts:
They seem to do pretty much the same thing.
The only apparent difference being that combinepsbt seems more for updating the same psbt with imcremental signatures while joinpsbts seems more for joining different transactions but given in combinepsbt you can also add different inputs and outputs I don't see the difference.


texts:
Let's suppose I make a backup of my wallet when it has 0.001 BTC, but then I transfer to it 0.001 BTC more (so at the end it has 0.002 BTC) and then my PC dies...

If I restore my wallet it will have 0.001 or 0.002 BTC?

Supposedly all transactions are recorded on the network (blocks), so what I understand by backup wouldn't be a backup, but rather a way to re-make my wallet on another device and my final balance will always be rescued no matter if I did a restore with a backup made one day or 5 years ago...

or do I have to do a backup once in a while?


texts: what if someone tries to finish public keys by non-stop creating

texts: Lets say one big company or country start a war against bitcoin and they have very powerful machines. What happens if they starts to create public key all the time? Is it possible to finish all the public keys?


texts: Indexing of transactions in the blockchain

texts:
Say we have transaction T(1) from many years ago, at block height 125001; then a new transaction T(2), consuming all the outputs from T(1), comes up around block height 568720 (that's Today). There's a lot of blocks in between; many GB of data, and the nodes need to efficiently check that the outputs of T(1) were never used in all these years since block height 125001 before processing T(2). This looks like a scalability problem. How do the nodes usually do that? Do they perform a linear search? Do they have a B-tree index of all active transactions? A hash-index? Is there a more efficient way to find out? Is the blockchain structured in a way that this search is inherently trivial? What about the nodes that do not store the whole block chain history?

Thanks a lot.


texts: Lightning Network: How was the maximum allowed HTLCs in flight computed?

texts:
The maximum acceptable max_accepted_htlcs (maximum number of HTLCs forwarded concurrently) is specified by the BOLTS as being 483.
How was this value chosen ?


texts: Understand how transaction size and fees calculation works in caravan

texts:
Looks like there is no activity in caravan github repository so maybe someone here can help me with this issue. Already mentioned everything in the below link however my three basic questions are:
https://github.com/unchained-capital/caravan/issues/173

How does tx size and fees calculation work in caravan?
How does it work in other projects if there is any better implementation?
Will there be a standard and easy approach to solve this problem in future which can be easily used by every bitcoin project?


texts: Why does every HTLC in a commitment transaction require its own signature?

texts:
From BOLT 02 we can learn

When a node has changes for the remote commitment, it can apply them,
sign the resulting transaction (as defined in BOLT #3), and send a
commitment_signed message.
1. type: 132 (`commitment_signed`)
2. data:
   * [`channel_id`:`channel_id`]
   * [`signature`:`signature`]
   * [`u16`:`num_htlcs`]
   * [`num_htlcs*signature`:`htlc_signature`]

Why isn't the signature for the entire commitment transaction enough? I understand that every HTLC has its own htlc_pubkey and thus also htlc_secret and thus needs a signature in the HTLC success transaction but what was the rationale behind this design?


texts: Why can't I spend my bitcoins when they have been fully confirmed?

texts:
I've used bitcoins for quite a while, but about a year ago I decided to dump having a thin client on my machine, and I've just kept my coins in various exchanges.

Yesterday, however, I wanted to check out the current state of the bitcoin client and I was a bit surprised to see that on Bitcoin.org, you now have three options.  That's good!

I downloaded the Multi-bit and installed it on my Mac.  I generated a payment address and I sent myself about .45 BTC.  After about an hour, I saw that it was confirmed.  I also set my mining pool account to send my payments to this new wallet, so I get a bit-cent sent to it every 12-16 hours (yeah, I'm not getting much, but I enjoy the free money.)

After a day, I now have a few transactions on this wallet.  My confirmed balance is around .5 BTC.  I just sent 2, .02 btc transactions.  Right after sending these two transactions, I tried to send a third for .06, Multi-bit gave me a message stating:

  There are not enough funds in your wallet to send .06 BTC. The
  transaction fee is set at .0001 BTC. Note that you can only spend
  confirmed transactions.

I don't understand.  My confirmed balance is currently around .43 BTC.  These coins have been confirmed for at least 12 hours, yet I'm getting this message telling me my balance was too low?

Has something changed within the Bitcoin protocol in the last year that I'm not aware of or is this a known bug in the Multi-bit client.  My biggest worry is that if and when I decide to move my coins from this wallet to an e-wallet, the thin-client is going to give me this same message when I try to make a big withdrawal because of this bug.  What is going on?


texts: How is the Bitcoin transaction fee calculated for small transactions

texts:
I tried to send 0.001 BTC with Bitcoin-Core, but for some reasons it charged me with a transaction fee of 0.00145271 BTC:

$ bitcoin-cli getinfo|grep balance
"balance": 0.03312022,
$ bitcoin-cli sendtoaddress my_bitcoin_address 0.001
$ bitcoin-cli getinfo|grep balance
"balance": 0.03066751,

Is there any way to know which fee am I going to pay before sending the transaction?


texts: In bitcoin network will there be a path from every node to every other node?

texts:
In bitcoin's gossip network will there be a path from every node to every other node? It can certainly have different number of hops.

I have a private testnet in which I modified some source code. I get a graph like this

A->B->C

So we have a path from A to C but not C to A. So when C mines a block, the information is remained with it and it does not send inv messages out. Not sure if I am wrong or this is expected?

Edit:

The only change I did is to make testnet work on my localhost. Removed the IsLocal() check from IsRoutable() and added my own hardcoded seeds.


texts: Implementing events with the bitcoind notifications using PHP

texts:
Bitcoind has 3 methods

blocknotify=cmd
walletnotify=cmd
alertnotify=cmd

I understand that these 3 command line parameters needs to be used for get notifications from bitcoin daemon. Could someone suggest how it needs to be integrated or communicate with PHP application.


texts: Can I double my money through the upcoming Segwit2x fork?

texts:
Today, I have received an e-mail from GDAX that says:

  We wanted to remind you that the upcoming Bitcoin Segwit2x hard fork is projected to take place on November 16 and will result in two bitcoin blockchains.

And especially interesting:

  Any customer storing Bitcoin (BTC) on GDAX at the time of the fork will be credited with an equal amount of the Bitcoin2x (B2X) asset on the Bitcoin2x blockchain. GDAX will continue referring to the current bitcoin blockchain as Bitcoin with ticker BTC and the forked blockchain as Bitcoin2x with ticker B2X

Does this mean that I have the double amount of money after this fork? If yes, why should I not buy a lot of bitcoins before the fork and sell all Bitcoin/Bitcoin2x immediately after the fork?


texts: Is there a limit to sending/ receiving from wallet to wallet?

texts: Seems like there is a restricted volume that a user can trade in the exchange, is there a similar restriction on transferring bitcoin from wallet A to wallet B? Say I want to send 100 Bitcoins to wallet B, would the transaction be denied due to its size?


texts: What is the maximum amount I can send with "sendmany()"

texts:
If I use the sendmany(); function is there a maximum of the output amount?
Example:

The maximum would be 0.01 BTC

data={'address1':amount1,'address2':amount2};

amount1+amount2 = 0.02 BTC

-> But then it would be above the maximum.

Thanks.


texts: Are there algorithms that could have been chosen for mining that balance CPU/GPU?

texts:
The mining algorithm for Bitcoins (and most alternative but similar currencies as well) is purely computation hard, but not decision hard or memory hard. This caused the unexpected effect that GPUs are insanely good at mining and CPUs are so bad at mining that there's almost no point in using them to mine.

This has had many effects, including the concentration of mining into specialized hardware. Suppose that I think that's bad and would prefer that commodity CPUs be optimal for mining and that mining on them be practical. Given the requirements of mining, particularly that it work like a lottery and that valid results be quickly verifiable, are there algorithms that could have been chosen that would have resulted in commodity CPUs being the optimal miners?

Are there algorithms that require lots of decisions and/or lots of memory that could serve as the mining algorithm on future crypto-currencies that would make CPU mining practical again and give everyone with a high-end CPU a reasonable chance at mining?


texts: What are the key differences between different ways of embedding messages in the blockchain?

texts:
Are some possible ways to embed messages in the blockchain better in some sense than others? What are the important differences?

(Followup on this answer)


texts: What is the main difference between " enterprise" blockchain and regular blockchain?

texts:
We have some blockchain-based cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin or Ethereum. On the other hand,  we have some blockchain-based frameworks such as hyperledger and R3 that are designed for businesses.

Question: What is an enterprise blockchain?

Is it right those permissioned (and/or private) frameworks (e.g. hyperledger and  R3) are considered as enterprise blockchain?


texts: How can this input address have multiple values at the same time?

texts: For the transaction: https://blockchain.info/tx/ee1658bb4d0de80a91d2e0005218d4cfab7c302a352458bd6afb6376b47fbf81 it looks like there are multiple inputs with different values for the same address. I thought an address only has one value at any given time?


texts: Are any miners still considering priority in their transaction selection?

texts:
A new answer on Who gets Bitcoin transaction fees? has spawned discussion on the paradigm shift from selection by priority (= coin age × spent value) to selection by fee rate (= fee / transaction size).
It's clear that Bitcoin Core v0.12.0 has turned selection by priority off by default, but I am wondering whether it follows that all miners have discontinued using it.
Is it known whether any miners are still selecting the transactions to go into their blocks using selection by priority?


texts: A Bitcoin alternative with non decreasing reward

texts: Understanding the motivations for the 21 million BC limit and halving reward rate, I still think it dis-proportionally rewards early adopters. My ideal system would be one where the mining reward is a factor of the work done which would mean as the system increases in popularity (i.e more miners) the corresponding mining reward would increase. This would have a stabilising effect on the price and provide people a reason to spend coins rather than hoard them. Anyone who has tried to work or sell goods in BC's would see the problems it is facing as a currency rather than a commodity. Does anyone know of a Bitcoin alternative with these properties?


texts: Why isn't my PSBT considered complete after walletprocesspsbt and finalizepsbt?

texts:
I created a transaction using createrawtransaction spending a UTXO that I own the keys to and then converted it to PSBT using converttopsbt, then I used walletprocesspsbt and finalizepsbt. After finalizepsbt, my "complete" value is false.
Is there a way to get more details on why it's not considered completed?
Thanks,
Francois


texts: How does a node forget about other nodes?

texts:
It is said that addr message: Provide information on known nodes of the network. Non-advertised nodes should be forgotten after typically 3 hours.

I did not totally understood what does it mean forgetting a node? A node has a list of peers, and it is checking every 3 hours if these peer are active? Does it work like this? How does this forgetting mechanism work?


texts: Receiving dollars directly into bitcoin wallet?

texts: Is there a way that I can set up my account to have my customers pay for services rendered in dollars directly into my bitcoin account via an online electronic funds transfer from their bank account?


texts: Alternative uses for last five decimal places of an individual Bitcoin (0.000xxxxx)

texts:
At the current conversion rates only the first three decimal points of an individual Bitcoin can be exchanged for a USD equivalent.  e.g. 0.002 BTC equals 2 USD cents.

That opens up possibilities for using the last five decimal places of a Bitcoin to include "metadata" about the transaction.

What alternative usages are there for these few bits and is anyone using them?


texts:
Like many here, I'm very much interested in using Bitcoin (or any derivative thereof), but I'm not having much luck doing it locally.  I need a fix to this problem, maybe BitPay Card.

I'm very much interested in Bitcoin as a pseudonymous, peer-to-peer transaction (i.e. cash) but equally important, as a firewall against the Visa/MC increasing power in the economy, regarding both central transaction processing AND the merchant fees. Given that, what is the argument for using BitPay Card?  I don't see using it, per se, as consistent with the virtue of bitcoin, but I would be open to it, if it can be a springboard to greater adoption in using bitcoin.

The way I see it:

On one hand, using BitPay Card isn't really using bitcoin.  You need to be verified to use it and it seems to be powered by Visa.  As far as I can tell, it is no different that using the debit card that is already in my pocket.   It's not really an alternative to Visa/MC.  There is no real pseudonymity.    Most importantly, widespread use of BitPay Card may actually obviate the need to transact directly in bitcoins.
However, a widespread use of BitPay Card gives more volume/heft to the underlying bitcoin infrastructure thereby providing a more solid foundation for the more widespread adoption of bitcoin: stabilizing the value/exchange rate of bitcoin, giving comfort to merchants in using bitcoin directly, giving comfort to employee/employers to pay wages in bitcoin, etc.

Given that, I still don't know whether to sign up or not.  Is there consensus understanding among the bitcoin user community (not investor community) on the usage of BitPay Card?


texts: double spending , you can create money out of thinner air

texts:
I am a little confused about how  doublespending is done. The basic case is basically creating transactions to the seller and yourself and simultaneously broadcasting those. This is the very classic scenario, would I be correct ?

How does sending money to yourself exactly work? How would a typical transaction look like?

My question is could you hypothetically triple spend or spend x times the original amount. Equally, could you send yourself the money back many hundreds of times? So, if you had 3 bitcoins could you send yourself 3 bitcoins back ?

[update after answer was provided]

how does attacker need to modify transaction so that transaction appears valid when he is sending himself money back ? he has to create block where he is just sending himself money back as transaction. How is btc tracked in transaction then to make this possible ?


texts: Getting keys from multibit to export for electrum

texts: I want to switch from Multibit to electrum. I can't figure out how to make use of the key multibit exports when it does a backup. Electrum and blockchain.info both seem to want something I can paste in but multibit exports in a binary format. I can't figure out how to use pywallet either.


texts:
I am really confused and I am having trouble even asking this question in a coherent manner (as I am trying to describe things that other people have renamed multiple times in different instances) so please bear with me...

I am trying to build a transaction using each api I find so I am normalizing the structure of the response from each api call into

Bitcores expected format for the unspent outputs:

[
    {
      "address": "2Mwswt6Eih28xH8611fexpqKqJCLJMomveK",
      "scriptPubKey": "a91432d272ce8a9b482b363408a0b1dd28123d59c63387",
      "txid": "2ac165fa7a3a2b535d106a0041c7568d03b531e58aeccdd3199d7289ab12cfc1",
      "vout": 1,
      "amount": 1.0,
      "confirmations":7
    }
    , { ... }
]

from: https://blog.bitpay.com/transactionbuilder/

But different apis are returning different parts of data

webbtc.com/address api unspent has only scriptPubKey

"scriptPubKey": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 cba5f746dc1e41a932a7d38be7aba95944619ee8 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG"

whereas toshi.io api unspent has

"script":"OP_DUP OP_HASH160 cba5f746dc1e41a932a7d38be7aba95944619ee8 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
"script_hex":"76a914cba5f746dc1e41a932a7d38be7aba95944619ee888ac",

smartbit api has

"script_pub_key":{
    "asm":"OP_DUP OP_HASH160 cba5f746dc1e41a932a7d38be7aba95944619ee8 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
    "hex":"76a914cba5f746dc1e41a932a7d38be7aba95944619ee888ac"}

All the apis call these two things by different names and some apis include both/one/or-the-other

It would only make sense to present useful information in these apis So does it mean can I use the one with all the OP_ stuff for scriptPubKey in bitpay.com/transactionbuilder if the other is missing?

Why would they sometimes give me one and not the other?

I would have thought that if different apis give different bits of this info that maybe ether one could be used to build a transaction!?

For example I could strip away OP_DUP OP_HASH160 OP_EQUALVERIFY... anything beginning with OP_ (If the one with only the alpha numerical string isn't on its own i mean)

The thing that really confused me and is the main reason:

bitpay in their above example "scriptPubKey": "a91432d272ce8a9b482b363408a0b1dd28123d59c63387" is just a hex sring whereas webbtc have the exact same name "scriptPubKey": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 cba5f746dc1e41a932a7d38be7aba95944619ee8 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG" but it has all the OP_ stuff in there


texts: What does allowhighfees in sendrawtransaction actually does?

texts:
lets say.

i have created a raw transaction with inputs = outputs aka setting 0 fees.

so when i do

bitcoin-cli sendrawtransaction <signed_hex> 1

1 is for allowhighfees

what it actually does ?
if it increases fees ? then how much ?

how much fees does it sets per byte ?

What if there is not much satoshis in input to cover the fees ?


texts: Proof of private keys ownership for multiple addresses

texts:
In a two party coinjoin consists of Mr Seller and Mr Buyer.
Mr Seller has set A of sender addresses/input and set B of receiver addresses (output)
Mr Buyer has set C of sender addresses/input and set D of receiver addresses (Output)
Assume all input/output are addresses (P2PK or P2PKH and none of them are script).
How does Mr Seller prove to others that set A and set B addresses belong to him? Is there any other way to prove than proving the address one by one which can be very long. On top of that set B addresses are hashes.
Mr Seller also need to cooperation from Mr Buyer to provide proof that
set C and Set D address belong to Mr Buyer.
This is a requirement from IRS audit department who wanted proof of payment amount from
the given invoice record.


texts: Why is this script invalid, and how can I generate valid public key/digital signature pairs?

texts:
Why does the default P2PKH transaction at http://bitcoin-script-debugger.visvirial.com/ return NULL rather than true?  I haven't tried to swallow the gory details of OP_CHECKSIG yet, but everything else looks solid.

Is there a way to manually verify that the example digital signature/public key pair matches, or to generate matching pairs that don't contain or link to my actual Bitcoin addresses, in order to experiment with the Script debugger?


texts: Does the btc price depend on the reward?

texts:
Hey guys if you answer this question that I am keeping from months ill be happy.

Does the actual bitcoin price depend on the mining profitability?
So is it more profitable mine when the price is high?
Is the same thing with other cryptos?
There is a bitcoin tab on github and I have heard that people can modify it, so why they modify it if they can't change the actual bitcoin code?


texts: For the 3 bitcoin address types, which can send to each other? Can a valid tx be created that spends to an unspendable address?

texts:
I'm just getting started with using bech32 addresses instead of legacy addresses, and I'm not familiar with how the legacy vs segwit compatible vs bech32 addresses play with each other.

Can I get an explanation or 3x3 square for the 3 address types on what can send to what, what would be lost forever, if any, and what the error messages or problem with sending from one to another would be?

(I'm interested in the deep dive, but probably just a description on how to avoid losing any coins would be most helpful.

If I give my friend a bech32 address, I want to make sure that when he sends to it, the worst case is that he gets an error. Is there any extra care I need to take, or is that how it generally works now?)


texts:
It is likely that the Galaxy Note 2 will be launched in August.  As it has taken two weeks to mine my very first bitcoin, it seems unlikely that I will have mined enough to purchase a Note upon release (unless the time between launch and release is about 15 years).

My plan was to bank on the idea that time travel will be possible, and so I would leave a calendar entry for my future self to travel back in time and credit my bitcoin account with the necessary funds that I have mined in the future (my future self can simply snooze the calendar entry for another decade if time travel is not yet possible).

However, it occurs to me that the bitcoin protocol is immune to this type of temporal shenanigans, as any future mined bitcoins are not in the block chain and so cannot be used in contemporary transactions.  Even if the source bitcoins were already generated, no transactions would exist that showed them to be mine.

I am impressed that our future selves cannot tamper with bitcoins in the past, but I wanted to confirm that I haven't missed anything.  Is there a workaround that my future self could employ so that they didn't have to convert to gold or diamonds first (considering some time travel techniques only permit living tissue and their contents to be transferred).


texts:
Recently people have been talking about Bitcoin Days Destroyed. I am curious, is there a place I can find out something like Total Bitcoin Days: the number of days since each bitcoin has moved, all added together?

EDIT:

I am aware of Bitcoin Days Destroyed, and what they are (at least, I am pretty sure I am), I am looking for a metric that shows the opposite of Bitcoin Days Destroyed; maybe better wording would be "Bitcoin Days Not Destroyed". Perhaps my wording is off. Please suggest how I can clairify if so.


texts: From where does the 2 hours limitation on bitcoin time stamp come?

texts:
Bitcoin wiki says that:

  A timestamp is accepted as valid if it is greater than the median timestamp of previous 11 blocks, and less than the network-adjusted time + 2 hours

My question is why 2 hours? WHy not 1 or 3? Is there any calculation behind it?


texts:
I more or less understand how an attacker (with less than 50%+1 of the hashing power) can artificially lower the block difficulty by messing with timestamps. I also understand how such an attacker could, on his own chain, at one point "ramp up" the difficulty of his last blocks to match the current chain's difficulty (I've read the other questions containing the time-warp-attack tag). What I don't understand is how at one point his chain, with less total chainwork, can be accepted by the network.

Say we're at block 100 on the honest chain and an attacker crafted a fake chain starting from block 50. He's now at block 105 and his block 105 has the same difficulty (that he ramped up) as the honest's chain 's block 100. He decides to broadcast his chain and he "wins" because he succeeded with his time warp attack (the question here is not about the feasability, budget-wise, of pulling such an attack today on the Bitcoin network: it's about the technical aspect of the attack).

What I don't get is that the honest chain has more total chainwork from block 50 to 100 than the total chainwork on the attacker's chain from block 50 to 105. The attacker, in the case of a time warp attack, has less than 50%+1 of the hashrate. So it's impossible for him to come up with x blocks that have more total PoW than the y blocks that the honest majority have mined meanwhile (even if he has more blocks, without 50%+1 he simply cannot have more chainwork than the honest majority).

So how comes that this re-org is accepted by the clients? When there's a re-org of the chain of several blocks, ain't the total chainwork of both chains compared?


texts: Why CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY and CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY opcodes have to be succeeded with DROP Opcode?

texts: Opcodes that end in VERIFY generally do not leave anything on the stack. What's so different and the reasoning when designing these opcodes that CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY and CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY opcodes leaves something on the stack and hence has to be succeeded with the DROP opcode?


texts: SegWit and previous hash: txid or wtxid, or either?

texts:
With segwit there will be two transaction ids wtxid and txid
Can either one of them be used as previous hash or only txid?


texts:
I'm using bitcoind's JSONRPC interface to get transaction information for my wallet, specifically, I'm running a little script every time a block gets broadcast (using -blocknotify) which calls the getrawtransaction method to get the parsed raw transaction.

Among the fields returned by getrawtransaction we have confirmations, but what does this field contain during a fork? Ie. if one were to call the getrawtransaction method when there are two "current" blocks, what would this field contain? (bare in mind that in case of a fork, one of the two "current" blocks may include a transaction while the other may not).


texts:
The question asked here displays the genesis block in pretty good detail. I am still trying to get a breakdown of some of the elements seen here (and some others not seen here):

The Merkle Root
Time
Bits
Nonce
The Transaction Section:

Coinbase
scriptSig
scriptPubKey

It is still unclear to me where all these elements come from.

The Merkle Root, as I understand it, is basically a hash of many hashes (Good example here) - to create a Merkle Root you must start by taking a double SHA-256 hash of the byte streams of the transactions in the block .What is this data (the byte streams), what does it look like, and where does it come from? I think, to understand those questions, one should better understand the data found under "Example tx message" here.

After studying this data, I don't understand it completely either. I am unsure as to where the TxIn, TxOut, and OutPoint come from. What do they look like for the genesis block? I saw that one fellow had a similar question but it was never answered really (unless TxIn sequence is something totally different from just TxIn).

If the coinbase is "the first input of the first transaction" I think knowing more about TxIn and TxOut would explain what the coinbase for the genesis block looks like also, which is another thing I don't understand.

Can anyone explain or point me to what these bits of data look like for the genesis block?


texts: How do I access the JSON RPC API in C# in such a way that I can also read the errors that the interface provides?


texts: How to recover funds from a force-closed Lnd lightning channel?

texts:
I lost my Lnd channel backup in a boating accident, but I still have the mnemonic. I had one freshly opened channel to my own c-lightning node which has never been used. I force closed the channel from the c-lightning side.

The funds are now in a P2WPKH address which I've imported into Bitcoin Core. Now I need to figure out the private key in order to sweep it. This requires knowing how to derive it, and then how to dump it.

There is wallet utility pull request that I could tweak in order to dump the key I need once I know how to derive it.

I also know the funding transaction id, the channel id and all the other channel details c-lightning spits out with listfunds.

Key derivation is explained in derivation.go:

m/1017'/coinType'/keyFamily'/0/index

The coinType for Bitcoin is 0, and I believe the key family is 3: "used in scripts that pay directly to us without any delay"

My guess is that the index is 0 since it was the first channel.

BOLT 3 then explains how to do tweak this key for a commitment transaction. Because the other side closed this channel, I need the to_remote output, which requires the remotepubkey.

pubkey = basepoint + SHA256(per_commitment_point || basepoint) * G
privkey = basepoint_secret + SHA256(per_commitment_point || basepoint)

The spec says "the remotepubkey uses the remote node's payment_basepoint". Is that the key we just derived?

So that leaves the per_commitment_point to be figured out, derived from per_commitment_secret. I'm confused where that comes from.

What Go incantation should I use to dump the private key I'm looking for?


texts: Non-Bitcoin blockchain security questions

texts:
I've been seeing a lot of stories lately about companies wanting to use blockchain, I've got two questions regarding companies using blockchain networks to store transaction ledgers.

With Bitcoin, users are encouraged to adhere to the correct protocol and to continuously verify the transaction log because they are rewarded through Bitcoin mining.  If a blockchain network is used to store a ledger of contract transactions, for instance, what incentive is there for users to continuously verify the transaction chain, since there's no reward for creating a block and adding it to the chain?  If users aren't continuously verifying the blockchain, won't that make it more likely than a malicious entity can create their own block?
If a company creates their own blockchain network, their computing power is minuscule compared to the total computing power in the world.  If another entity can enlist more computing power (by being a larger company/government or by using a zombie network), won't that larger entity be able to control the transaction ledger?  That not a problem for Bitcoin since the total computing power on that network is huge, but what stops this from occurring on other networks?


texts:
Is it a specific id for each bitcoin that refers to my wallet address, is it an id? or we don't have a unique id for each bitcoin, instead, we use transactions like this:

From address 24*** to address 43***, amount 2 bitcoins. It's just a simple number in the transaction (not unique, the sender and receiver's addresses make it unique, not the bitcoin itself)

Could you please shed some light on this ambiguity for me?


texts:
Deterministic wallet described in BIP 32 has an auditing functionality by sharing the public parent key.

https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-guide#hierarchical-deterministic-key-creation

But if I use the variant if the Hardened Keys the generation of the chain code depend also by the private parent key.
With this type of key the auditing functionalities fail?


texts: How does one claim ownership of an NXT address?

texts: Apparently, NTX uses very short addresses and a very small alphabet. There is a system designed to claim ownership of a given address, but I couldn't find much information on it. How is it handled in the NXT system?


texts: How the process “ lock a certain amount of coins into the network as their stake” achieved technically in the Proof of stake algorithm

texts:
i am trying to understand deeper the proof of stake algorithm. i think i understand the basics but i am struggling to understand how this achieved thoroughly under blockchain network and how the nodes interact. So to get started, when a node wants to participate in the forging or minted process are required to lock a certain amount of coins into the network as their stake. The size of the stake determines the chances for a node to be selected as the next validator to forge the next block. My main question now is how this can be achieved technically.
Does every node have Deposit storage for the staked money?
Does every node propagate the staked money to the other nodes?

Let's Assume, that there are N nodes that stake money and i is the node that is selected to propose block. How this node i became known to the others (N-1) nodes (if it is possible  just don't answer me through a leader election process but how can this achieved what are the steps to figure it out).


texts:
I successfully managed to compile bitcoind using the shipped configure script/makefile. Now I want to code something myself and added a folder inside the src directory. The problem now: how do I add my cpp files to the Makefile? When compiling, I get undefined references to functions I implemented inside my cpp files. When looking inside my folder, there are no .o files or anything similar, so I assume they are not compiled. I am completely novice to autoconf/automake and have no idea how to add something to those complicated makefile/configure scripts..

Best wishess to all of you


texts: How secure are current deterministic wallets?

texts:
Can someone explain how secure the deterministic wallet implementations of Electrum and Armory are? As far as I know, Electrum uses a 128-bit seed to generate all the addresses. I don't get this because since even a single bitcoin address consists of 256-bits. why not make this seed something much larger? And electrum uses something called "root key" and "chain code" which I can't find any explanations about.

Any ideas on how secure these implementations are?


texts: Can two related "spends" be in the same block?

texts:
Consider the case where:

Address A has some BTC.
Address B is empty/zero.
Address C is the intended recipient.

B sending to C is invalid on its own, but does make sense if associated with A sending to B first
Can two dependent transactions be put into the same block and accepted?

A ==> B
B ==> C

(Since the net result will be OK, even though the second transaction does not make sense until the first one is completed)


texts:
I'm new to bitcoin, downloaded the bitcoin.org client, encrypted my wallet, and purchase a few bitcoins (5.25), for learning purposes.  But now my coins seem to have disappeared to an unknown address.

You can follow the chain here:
http://blockchain.info/address/14Z4C6Bu2DXHcaRkoqKDhY72BE74PRA8Vt

Here's what I did:

Purchased 5.25 BTC from online exchange
Sent .01 BTC to my Armory address for a test
Sent .095 BTC back
Sent .01 BTC back to my Armory address again
Sent .095 BTC back again

And in my bitcoin client it showed all these transaction correctly (screenshot below).  Today I ran it and it seems my blockchain files are corrupted so I start downloading the blockchain again. Meanwhile I check blockchain.info on my address and find that actually when I did my first transaction, (.01BTC) at the same time the entire balance of my wallet was sent to some mystery address (16oc97Z4RRRanyt8bB3RT84XSemZL7KXkg and coins have since been transferred again to another account which would appear to rule out the idea of me randomly sending them to the wrong address).

I swear I checked the blockchain details religiously for the week after my initial transaction and this transaction was never there!

Where did this transaction come from?  It never showed up in my bitcoin client, even though I kept it synced for weeks after my initial transaction.  Were these coins somehow hacked?

I was using my own private computer at all times (and never any online wallets etc...)  I have various antivirus/firewalls installed.


texts:
Recently there was a famous announcement that Tesla would start to accept BTC payment. This has been pulled back, but I was very curious to see how this would be given shape.
Most specifically: Would BTC only be used as transaction method, or would there actually be a price in BTC?
The reason why it is so interesting, is that a Tesla has a long leadtime, service(/return?) period and relevant resale value.
As such my question: Any thoughts on whether BTC pricing would be set? Or if that is too hard to answer, any examples where BTC pricing is used in situations with leadtime (and thus valuation risk)?
I feel like there must be a way to come to terms that work in non-extreme situations but am curious if anyone did it so far.


texts:
Suppose there is a cryptocurrency with a chain of 5 blocks. When users trading with this cryptocurrency, then:-
how the buy and sell will be going to happen i.e. Which block will make the transaction happen and is there an automated process for it?
How many transactions each block can do? Is there some rule for it?
I'm very new to blockchain, please help me out on this. If you need more clarification on the question then please comment it out. Thanks


texts: How does the bitcoin network recover in case of a hash collision in the block hash?

texts:
A Bitcoin client has to download the whole blockchain from the P2P network in order to become a full node.

A full node is able to determine, if a transaction in the network is valid or not.

To download the blockchain, the client queries other peers in the network for more blocks by providing them with the hash of the last block it has currently in its downloaded blockchain.

The other nodes search in their currently best blockchain for the specified hash and return a list of hashes of further blocks the client can download.

After the client determines that the further block hashes are indeed in the longest block chain by crossvalidating other nodes, it requests those blocks from its peers by giving them the hashes of those new blocks.

After the download, it checks for itself that the blocks follow the rules of the bitcoin network and inserts them in its current blockchain.

This algorithm assumes that any valid block in the blockchain has a unique hash that identifies it.
What happens, if by chance a block is inserted in the blockchain that has the same hash as a previous block and that complies with all rules of the bitcoin network?

Wouldn't that break the algorithm?


texts: How much will transaction fees eventually be?

texts:
Some people keep evangelizing that Bitcoin transaction fees are much lower than in PayPal or with credit cards.

However, once nearly all 21 million bitcoins have been mined, the network will still have to be secured.

But "miners" can then no longer be rewarded by newly minted bitcoins. They will have to be rewarded by transaction fees.

I read that the market will find the equilibrium how much these transaction fees will be.

Are there any estimates or more concrete calculations about that? Is it even possible to foresee, as the "degree of network security" is a rather nebulous incentive for most (casual) users? Will they thus be enforced by the software? Will these fees better be absolute or relative to the amount of a single transfer?


texts: Ignis transaction not included in the blockchain

texts:
The following transaction submitted to the Ardor blockchain remained unconfirmed and eventually expired, what is the the reason for this?

{
  "senderPublicKey": "...",
  "isBundled": false,
  "chain": 2,
  "signature": "3a49a35627b4ce8a5ac2822b35818f907aec4fd53e79fb02d900d88c0f991c0d71973c434ccaad318a1288a1fb64e53d20dc30de74beb18520c5f4bce06372d4",
  "feeNQT": "100000000",
  "requestProcessingTime": 0,
  "type": 0,
  "fullHash": "552ec333deb265d60ccfa4225123106ce4fc8f9a751185c561083b4cd9b14ed3",
  "version": 1,
  "fxtTransaction": "0",
  "phased": false,
  "ecBlockId": "18397966223991632613",
  "signatureHash": "72caad33596e08e67fe43f42033c0223f9abec9b440b10c07cfd186a037eb972",
  "attachment": {
    "version.OrdinaryPayment": 0
  },
  "senderRS": "...",
  "subtype": 0,
  "amountNQT": "77470950921",
  "sender": "12661870821659068934",
  "recipientRS": "ARDOR-LHJR-WZVF-VKTX-3PVAA",
  "recipient": "1451133144082759191",
  "ecBlockHeight": 384416,
  "deadline": 60,
  "timestamp": 22957813,
  "height": 2147483647
}


texts:
I’m a developer but a total noob about bitcoin and Blockchain so i’ll, for sure, say something wrong.
I know that bitcoin approve transactions via nodes (normal and full nodes) and that they are distributed in the world
Everyone can create his own node or shut it down.
So...suppose this fantasy scenario.
The USA govern decide to block all internet connections from/to USA, creating a giant “intranet” for one day.
All USA nodes and all “rest of the world” nodes will continue working? For the (low) level of knowledge I have now, I think they will, and in that moment two different Blockchains will diverge: one with the USA transactions, and another with the rest of the world transactions.
Will they reconcile when the connections come back?
Moreover, what happens if a citizen spend all his money in the USA, then find a secret access to the outside internet and connects to the rest of the world network? Can in this case double spend?

I know that these are “fantasy scenarios” but will help me to understand better how the machine works :-)

Thanks


texts: Why does bitcoin use public keys as pseudonyms? Is there any reason for that? What are the advantages of using public key as the pseudonyms? Highly appreciate if someone can give me an answer.


texts: Abandon transaction in Bitcoin Core with -zapwallettxes (transaction isn't online in mempool yet)

texts:
EDIT: I have found another solution for my problem. I've started Bitcoin Core with my wallet.dat backup, which I have saved before doing the transaction.
If I am right and Bitcoin Core hadn't send the transaction to the mempool, everything should be fine now.
I have a question about removing transactions from Bitcoin Core.
I know that you should be able to remove unconfirmed transactions from Bitcoin Core using the command "-zapwallettxes".
The problem is that the transaction has been removed in Bitcoin Core software but still exists in the Bitcoin network.
But what happens in the following case:
The blockchain of the Bitcoin Core software is about 2 years behind. Now a new transaction has been made.
The transaction is displayed in Bitoin Core as unconfirmed.
But since I cannot find any transaction online in a blockchain explorer under the transaction ID, I assume that the Bitcoin Core software did not transfer the transaction to the bitcoin network at all. Apparently this happens only after the blockchain has been completely synchronized.
Is that correct?
And if so, I have a question:
Is it possible to use the command "-zapwallettxes"? And if so, then the transaction should have been completely undone, since it was never sent to the bitcoin network.
Is this correct or does it not work for some reason, if the blockchain of the Bitcoin Core software is outdated?
I already tried to right-click on my transaction and to select command "Abandon transaction", but it was grayed out and therefore not selectable. Therefore I hope to be able to use "-zapwallettxes".
Can anyone tell me if this is how it should work to use "-zapwallettxes" to get my bitcoins back into my wallet?
Thank you.
LG,
G0L5X


texts: Can a regtest bitcoind node use SignRawTransactionWithKey + prevtxs for a mainnet raw transaction?

texts: I want to know if a regtest nnode can sign a raw mainnet transaction with the signrawtransactionwithkey rpc provided that I pass the correct keys and prevtxs as the regtest node will not be aware of them?


texts:
As I already understood the mnemonics are the private key separated in 12 words which joined together in the very same order produces the private key.

How are mnemonics generated?
Why Ledger mnemonics have 24 words?
How those words are converted to private keys?


texts: Is it plausible to make a decentralized rendering farm by creating a new cryptocurrency?

texts: I had this idea to create a new cryptocurrency that uses rendering as mining, using it to create a decentralized render farm. is it possible, and if yes, then how? Sorry the question is not in depth. I'll edit this as I go along. Thanks!


texts: Can I find the address of my Bitcoin in the debug.log file?

texts: I cannot download the entire block chain (I’ve tried four times now and failed) so I can’t replace my encrypted old wallet.dat file into  the blockchain and do the rescan to check my coin balance. My question is, can I find my Bitcoin address in the debug.log file. Is there a way to use the information in this file to check my Bitcoin balance?


texts: I can not install a new MAC OS wallet bitcoin-qt

texts: I launch the wallet, the block index starts loading, then blocks are rewound, then 1% and after the wallet crashes, what should I do ?


texts: How to sweep private extended key from mycellium for bitcoin cash coins?

texts: I have my coins stored in mycellium, but when I try to export my private key I get a private extended key. How can I import this into coinomi android wallet? I see there is a sweep option in conomi, but it doesnt state that it supports an extended private key. Do I have to extract my single private keys and import them one at a time into my coinomi android wallet? screenshots would be great!


texts: Question about running full node electrum wallet

texts:
can you please help:

1) How can you run a full node wallet with electrum? what do you need?  Or please link me to an understandable guide for that

2) Do you have to be online always or can you set it up, fund your wallet, and leave it offline for months, and just from time to time use it for transactions?

3) Is electrum the only software you need? Or do you also need bitcoin core?

Thanks


texts:
Is it possible to limit the amount of change addresses used by electrum (and other wallets)?

I understand that change addresses will increase the level of privacy for the current user but it will also increase the transaction fees which you need to pay. The size of a transaction will be higher when more inputs (or ouputs) are needed for the transaction. Therefore i would like to limit the amount of addresses my bitcoin will be splitted to.


texts: Full list of "special cases" during Bitcoin Script execution (p2sh, p2wsh, etc.)?

texts:
When executing a Bitcoin Script, there are some "special cases" where the interpreter performs extra verification beyond just executing scriptSig and then scriptPubKey.
For example, if the scriptPubKey has the following specific format:
OP_HASH160 <20 byte hash> OP_EQUAL

then the interpreter will additionally apply the BIP 0016 "Pay to Script Hash" (P2SH) rules.
What's the full list of "special cases" that could be encountered during Script execution, and when is each encountered?


texts: PoS coin is producing conflicted chain after merging with upstream developments

texts:
I'm sorry about the title, but I could not think of a more condensed way to describe this problem. I forked an older version of blackcoin a while back to make a test altcoin for fun. I have been running it on a few vps nodes and a client. It was set to go to pos after a short pow period, and has been running smoothly.

Now, I recently cloned the latest Blackcoin source (the one that switches to posv2 after a certain block) and edited it to connect to my test coin. It does this, but for some reason every block it stakes is conflicted, even though it is not set to switch to protocol v2 until some block in the future.

Why is this? I have looked over the pos algorithm in kernel.cpp and CheckStakeKernelHash should definitely use the ppc pos algo. Why are they all conflicted? Every pos transaction gets 1 confirm, then conflicts.


texts:
I have tried to set up a mining pool with my home computers. I am running bitcoind on one machine, and the others, also running bitcoind, were started with --url and --userpass to my central bitcoind server.

Now, are these machines already forming a mining pool? Or am I missing something?

What other software should considered for a home mining pool?


texts: Is there any software that allows me to make a single multi-recipient transaction?

texts:
I would like to do a payment to multiple addresses in the same transaction on a regular basis. The scenario is this:

Collect addresses via QR or string (these may change on each occasion)
Use all the collected addresses to send an equal amount of BTC
pay an appropriate network fee
execute only one transaction

I don't thing QT or multibit can do this, but I could be wrong. If not are there any other software that could do this with relative ease?


texts: Hi I was wondering if anybody had any idea about what the hash rates are like with PCs released fairly recently. I'm sort of looking for figures to use for an average user if they wanted to use their PC to mine, and then a sort of best case scenario if you will of the hash rate of somebody who has a good graphics card etc. Any sources or information from personal experiences would be great, thanks!


texts: Issue after importing private key to MultiBit

texts:
I followed another question here and imported my address from Bitcoin-QT to Multibit.
The reason why I did so was because I had received some BTC but in Bitcoin-QT it was taking years to download the blockchain. So I simply took the private key and imported in Multibit.

Now even after Multibit imports it successfully, the BTC I had received to the address do not show up. I have confirmed from blockchain.info and other sources, the transacton does exist.

ALSO, I have set correct date of the transaction in the import file during import.

Please advise what's wrong?

Thanks.


texts: mtgox failure... any implications for bitcoin/ecurrency protocol design?

texts:
last heard, estimates are Mtgox lost about ~$½B ... apparently the current bitcoin market cap is around ~$8B ie Mtgox failure roughly somewhere around 1/16th the entire market cap of bitcoin, a massive amt (although the market value of bitcoin has been affected up to ¼ of total value during the crash, showing an outsize impact many times beyond total value stored by Mtgox, ie impacting overall currency user confidence). (was Mtgox possibly the largest single bitcoin bank?)

there is some talk in news articles about doing "forensic analysis" on the public bitcoin blockchain. not sure what this will turn up but it raises another question... if any kind of "forensic analysis" can be done a posteriori, why not also a priori? in other words

  does the Mtgox failure have any implication or lessons for bitcoin/ecurrency protocol design/architecture? is there a way to run algorithms by 3rd parties that can identify "banks" like Mtgox that seem to have accountability/stability issues, and esp identify them before they reach massive stability-threatening scale? (aka "too big to fail"?) ie can the architecture itself be built/adjusted with some kind of "fault tolerance" which mitigates such large (near-systemic) failures?


texts:
Is it possible to operate on the same wallet from multiple devices? If I run, for example Android on a device, and Windows/Linux on another, how do I share the same private key(s) of my wallet between these device so I can send money from any of them?

Are the wallet files someway interoperable between clients? Is there a dedicated import/export tool?

I'm mainly interested in this client


texts: Transaction unconfirmed for 5 days, and I don't think the fee is the problem?

texts:
I sent a transaction of ~0.408 BTC February 20th through Electrum and my transaction is still showing up as unconfirmed. I also cannot resend my transaction through Electrum as the coins are still unconfirmed. Here is my Tx on the Blockchain

https://blockchain.info/tx/0a33becac294dd987f2374f3fcbba2b4a37cbca6807e8296e2d439f919cafe36

I included a fee as well. Any idea whats wrong or how I can retrieve my Bitcoins?


texts: Creating HD wallets with BouncyCastle in C#?

texts:
I'm trying to write a class that can be used to generate public/private key pairs for bitcoin (and any of its 'clones'), I found some code elsewhere that uses BouncyCastle to generate keys, here's the part that is currently generating a private key:

protected void GeneratePrivateKeyHex()
    {
        ECKeyPairGenerator gen = new ECKeyPairGenerator();
        var secureRandom = new SecureRandom();
        var ps = Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Sec.SecNamedCurves.GetByName("secp256k1");
        var ecParams = new ECDomainParameters(ps.Curve, ps.G, ps.N, ps.H);
        var keyGenParam = new ECKeyGenerationParameters(ecParams, secureRandom);
        gen.Init(keyGenParam);
        AsymmetricCipherKeyPair kp = gen.GenerateKeyPair();
        ECPrivateKeyParameters priv = (ECPrivateKeyParameters)kp.Private;
        PrivateKeyBytes = priv.D.ToByteArrayUnsigned();
        PrivateKeyHex = ByteArrayToString(PrivateKeyBytes);
    }

I'd quite like to be able to create hierarchical deterministic keys using a seed and return a list of those (either by randomly generating a seed or by having a predefined one from a user) but I'm not entirely sure how to implement this!

Assuming I already have a seed, how would I go about generating the addresses for it using bouncycastle? Preferably while avoiding any bitcoin specific libraries as I'm trying to keep this class as generic as possible.


texts: looking for asic-proof alt-coins, I found one called EXE coin. however, it requires their version of the miner and it says standard miners won't work. firefox/waterfox claims the binary is infected. should I be looking for a different asic-proof alt coin or is that a false positive?


texts: Compiling litecoin on Macosx: llvm-g++ not found

texts:
I'm trying to compile litecoin on macosx 10.8.5, I have Xcode installed along with command line tools and have built all recommended dependencies (boost db48 qt4-mac openssl miniupnpc).

When I run sudo make -f makefile.osx USE_UPNP=- I get the following error:

make[1]: llvm-g++: No such file or directory
make[1]: *** [db/builder.o] Error 1
make: *** [leveldb/libleveldb.a] Error 2

Any help in this matter would be greatly appreciated, all my google searches have been in vain.


texts:
I have seen referred in a couple of locations (bitcd and bitcoinj) that fully verifying clients should match the satoshi bitcoind client implementation, including its bugs, presumably to prevent splitting the blockchain.

I guess the bugs that need replicating are in the block acceptance rules, however I failed to find any specific references to the issues in question. The main Bitcoin Protocol Specification doesn't seem to mention any.

Can someone please explain (or link to a document that explains) these bugs?

Edit: The references that triggered my curiosity are the following (my emphasis):

From bitcd :

  It currently properly downloads, validates, and serves the block chain
  using the exact rules (including bugs) for block acceptance as the
  reference implementation (bitcoind).

From bitcoinj:

  To be safe, bitcoinj must match the behavior of Satoshis code exactly,
  including all the bugs. Any deviation at all can be potentially used
  to split the consensus.


texts:
I am trying to setup a cryptonote pool on my VPS. I am running the coin daemon and configured the wallet rpc.

The config is the same as here
https://github.com/fancoder/cryptonote-universal-pool except the daemon which runs on port 26968. This is my netstat output :

PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:3306          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN                 1086/mysqld
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6379          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN       25062/redis-server
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:8082          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      28390/electroneum-w
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1017/sshd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:26967           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN       26867/electroneumd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:26968         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      26867/electroneumd
tcp6       0      0 :::443                  :::*                    LISTEN      1176/apache2
tcp6       0      0 :::6379                 :::*                    LISTEN      5641/redis-server *
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      1176/apache2
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1017/sshd
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:68              0.0.0.0:*                           782/dhclient

Nevertheless I get error

  Error polling getblocktemplate {"code":-4,"message":"Failed to parse wallet address"}

when i run

node init.js

Any Ideas how to fix this ? I couldn't find anything useful in the net.


texts:
I tried sudo snap install bitcoin-core, which worked but I've read that it cannot be trusted, so I uninstalled it
the developer, bitcoincore.org, doesn't seem to maintain a binary for Ubuntu (or any other distribution) but provides a tar file.  they supply no instructions for how to install the software and I can't seem to find anything simple.  all I want is to install a running node (so there should be a startup script with SysV/InetD/startup, or whatever system Ubuntu is inclined to use now for automatically running services at boot-time)
can anyone point me to a working guide?


texts:
I am in a graduate program in Software Engineering and have recreated the mining programs in Python and Ruby, as well as computing the Merkle Root, etc..

I have been randomly chosing blocks from Bitcoin to test my algo(s).  I notice that my nonce and current block hash finder works upto a certain point.  It seems that it works upto about block 400,000, circa 2015... but fails beyond this point.  Did they tweak the mining algorithms around that time?  Should there be another data point?

I have these data points:

previous hash
merkle root
difficulty
version
time in unix
nonce: (this is what the program searches for and puts out the nonce and current block hash, if found)

As I mentioned it confirms and "mines" the blocks up to about block 400,000... but fails afterwards.

Some enlightenment is appreciated.


texts: If there were no transactions, would mining be possible?

texts:
What would happen if suddenly everyone stops transferring bitcoins so that there is no work for miners (no transactions to be grouped into blocks)? Would mining be possible in that conditions? How exactly?

Of course, I realize this is impossible, I am interested in the theory behind it.


texts: can i send Bitcoin directly from my coinfloor exchange wallet to my binance exchange wallet?

texts: something in their small print about not being able to send to 'third party wallets'...ideally want to send direct without going through a separate wallet first to save transaction costs and waiting times etc..


texts: Which brokerage lets you buy Bitcoin or Bitcoin related stocks for your IRA account?

texts: I am looking to setup a IRA, but unsure which brokerage lets you trade or just hodl bitcoin or bitcoin related assets in your IRA. Which brokerage is crypto friendly?


texts: Can anyone explain this pseudocode to find a returning address?

texts:
I was reading a popular answer which explains how to find the address of the person who sent a transaction and the pseudocode in that answer does not make much sense to me.

txid = <relevant transaction id>
addresses = []
raw_tx = decoderawtransaction(getrawtransaction(txid))
for(input in raw_tx['vin']) {
  input_raw_tx = decoderawtransaction(getrawtransaction(input['txid']))
  addresses.push(input_raw_tx['vout'][input['vout']]['scriptPubKey']['addresses'][0])
}

Here is the part which I understood. A wallet which created txid can use many inputs from different addresses to send that amount of money. This is why we iterate over input in raw_tx['vin'] and create a list of addresses addresses = [].

Here is a part which is unclear for me:

input_raw_tx['vout'][input['vout']]['scriptPubKey']['addresses'][0]

input_raw_tx['vout'] returns the list. So input['vout'] should return the index of that list. But it also returns a list. Can anyone explain what is going on?

Also that answer was written in old 2013. Has anything changed in these 4 years and is there an easier way to find the returning address as of the beginning of 2918?


texts: Why to mine with a high difficult on PPLNS

texts:
I'm trying poolmining ob btc-guild with the cgminer and try to calculate by testing if it is worth it or not.

One thing I wondered is: Why should I want to set a high difficult / not the lowest one, when mining?

If I am paid for the last N shared within a shift, I would want to contribute as many shares as possible. The lower the difficulty is the higher is the amount of shares, isn't it?

With about 170MH/s I have about 90 shares per hour.


texts: I am trying to get cgminer on Ubuntu 14.04 and the Guide is troubling me

texts:
Okay, I am trying to follow this instruction guide:

http://www.distrogeeks.com/install-cgminer-3-7-2-ubuntu/

and the 20th step did not work because it could not find the server. I downloaded it from AMD themselves except not version 5.0, but version 6.0.

I go up to the 24th step and when I typed that in it said, "cp: target 'ADL_SDK/' is not a directory"

I then installed it and ran it, but then it gave me this message every few seconds or so:

"KnC spi: Can not open SPI device /dev/spidev1.0: No such file or directory.

Please help, I really want to mine some bitcoins and also the similar questions did not help.


texts: Why is the transaction fee a multiple of the amount I want to send?

texts:
I tried sending 0.0001 BTC from my blockchain.info wallet.  It deducted 0.0009 BTC from my account, including a 0.0008 BTC is transaction fee.

Is it correct that the transaction fee is 8 times larger than the amount sent?


texts: Does Electrum store my seed in their server?

texts: I am new to Bitcoin. I used Electrum software to create my first wallet. When the software generated 12 words, I had written down that in paper. These word are very important, right? But the software can see these words and stores them somewhere in their server. So how do I know that they don't use my wallet because they have my seed? Sorry if it's a dumb question.


texts: Do I need a Bitcoin full node in order to use BTC RPC Explorer?

texts: I'm thinking of using https://github.com/janoside/btc-rpc-explorer as my json explorer, but I run a pruned bitcoin node. Will this cause issues when running btc-rpc-explorer if I wanted to query old data? And if so what is the appropriate pruned node amount to access 1-2 years of blockchain history?


texts: How to configure the official bitcoin client to conveniently use offline wallets?

texts:
This is a follow up question to "How can I keep my wallet secure?"

Is there a portable (at least Win32&64/Linux) to configure the official bitcoin client to use only offline wallets to be inserted in the usb slot for each transaction?


texts: Bitcoin-qt v0.8.0b client on Mac OS X 10.8 crashes, why?

texts:
I was running the stable 0.7.2 bitcoin-qt client (under OS X 10.8.2) for a couple of weeks, with the block-chain completely sync'ed on an ongoing basis. No transactions in my wallet.

I upgraded to the 0.8.0b release, and it spent a few hours reindexing the entire blockchain and catching up. So far so good.

0.8.0 client continued to run normally (launch, download / sync new blocks, etc.) for several days.

Then, today, it crashes right after loading the wallet, but before it attempts any network connections. Crash is reproducible and persistent across reboots. Here's where the debug.log output ends. (No further errors.)

Bitcoin version v0.8.0-beta (2013-02-18 18:38:34 -0500)
...
init message: Verifying block database integrity...
Verifying last 288 blocks at level 3
No coin database inconsistencies in last 222481 blocks (8492 transactions)
block index            4479ms
init message: Loading wallet...
nFileVersion = 80000
wallet                 1500ms
init message: Importing blocks from block database...


texts: What's the easiest way to hook into multiple BTC exchanges?

texts: If you want to compare prices of BTC across multiple exchanges, is there a central mechanism or place to do so? I have been unable to find such a thing from my research


texts:
I'm running a full node as well as a Lightning Node with 4 channels open. I also have incoming ports enabled. I've noticed that my balance varies daily by a few thousand Sats. I'm new to running a node so wondered if someone could explain why this happens (or maybe link me to an article explaining).

Many thanks...


texts:
I installed MultiBit a few weeks ago and today it's not loading anymore. It displays the following Error in the logs:

    The Blockchain "C:\Users\USER\AppData\Roaming\MultiBit\multibit.spvchain" could not be loaded. The Error was "org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelException Failed to create a selector.".

I already tried deleting that file and then let multibit recreate it, but it doesn't help.

What am I doing wrong?


texts: Recovering My BitCoin Core Account/Wallet

texts:
My name is Patrick and I need assistance recovering my account.  My brother sent me some bitcoin to my bitcoin core wallet.  I am unable to access this due to my laptop becoming infected with a virus and needing to be restored.  I have my wallet ID where the transaction took place, but I do not know how to access my bitcoin core wallet.  (My original laptop hard drive was fully corrupt and replaced.) I would be extremely grateful for any assistance in recovering my bitcoin core wallet.

Sincerely,
Patrick Moore


texts: how to convert pubkey wif address to hex format with bitcoinjs-lib?

texts:
Is there a way with bitcoinjs-lib to import a WIF pubkey:

  1HVTiWkuGKEJXJupriTdY5MKngcq2bH6P4

and get the hexadecimal version like this:

  02f632717d78bf73e74aa8461e2e782532abae4eed5110241025afb59ebfd3d2fd


texts:
Can somebody provide me with the $price per GHps in mining since the old CPU days til present pre-orders?
I don't mean energy usage or price vs price of btc.. simply hardware costs relative to how fast they hash.


texts: tiny-secp256k1 and ECDSA signing determinism

texts:
I noticed in bitcoin when using the tiny-secp256k1 library to sign the signature for a signature hash of an input, the signature is always the same.
However in other ECDSA secp256k1 libraries (im using one by nordic semi conductors) the signature is always different.

Am I misunderstanding something? is there a difference in the signature algorithms?
I read something about randomly and deterministically calculating the k value, should it matter if it is random or not?
 or is there possibly extra encoding done after the signature hash is signed in bitcoin secp256k1?

Thanks!
Chris


texts: Accounting for currency destroyed in lost wallets?

texts: Bitcoin will eventually be capped at 21,000,000 Bitcoins, but what happens to all the wallets that are lost? I'm sure thousands of BTC are already as good as destroyed. Even if there weren't millions of USD being printed consistently, they would still print not only new money to replace the old, but also to account for destroyed bills. Would replenishing the supply of lost currency be possible in Bitcoin?


texts: Extract input addresses from a tx message in bitcoin protocol

texts:
Recently, I wrote a c++ code to extract some information from some messages in BITCOIN protocol. for example, I extracted bitcoin value and output address corresponded to it from tx messages of this protocol.

Extraction algorithm for output addresses is based on type of scripts such as P2PK, P2PKH, P2SH, P2WPKH and etc. but it is not clear how to extract input addresses.

can anyone explain what is the extraction method for input addresses in tx messages?


texts: Where can I find Armory 92.3 for download?

texts:
I am trying to use Windows XP and need Armory 92.3
to do it. Where can I download that version without compiling?


texts:
The IDs of the unspent transactions are stored in the UTXO database. I assume that it's generated like this by the client:

for block in blocks:
    for transaction in block:
        utxo.remove(transaction.input)
        utxo.add(transaction)

However, I have some doubts: What else is stored in the UTXO database? Does it store the actual amount of unspent coins for each transaction (which would seem necessary for the verification of the uncomfirmed transactions)?


texts:
Is there a quick way to do transactions knowing only the private key(secret exponent) and the destination address, preferably from a command line utility such as pycoin?

I am using Debian/Ubuntu and python 2.7.


texts: How public-key cryptography secures bitcoin transactions from 51% attacks and Mining Attacks

texts: I wanted to better understand how public-key cryptography avoids 51% attacks and mining attacks, also if this question is wrong please correct so that i can improve my research and provide me with right resources


texts: How to use bitcoinj to transfer btc from p2sh-p2wpkh

texts:
I wrote the code for transmitting btc from p2sh-p2wpkh based on the information I found, but when I tried to broadcast the original transaction in https://live.blockcypher.com/btc-testnet/pushtx/, an exception occurred and the exception message was :
Error validating transaction: Error running script for input 0 referencing
f6ff7b391590c3c161f012e7313c9bd7379846a209219a4722cb8864190466ae at 0: Script was NOT verified successfully..

This is my broadcast data:
01000000000101ae6604196488cb22479a2109a2469837d79b3c31e712f061c1c39015397bfff600000000160014208a8852a3cec93382c8bebbbd6c9ef4676f5120ffffffff02a08601000000000017a9141f396a0c4994cae1820224bb249a21de3ad4e73287acfd13000000000017a91466e9ecd8e67b63a4022f0420f772a070fa7d6e608702483045022100f3e5b7483760ff764b5a7620ba341499ec41c5b2fd67917bfef233b547f6e5e7022071b3f96e9c1d271b723f161a7a0aeafddef16aeb053fe2b443c0e4d31a785a7a012103ca65ac405e0ea1b514c61b797035674a27457fea63a8972cd473eef05871247400000000

I have checked a lot of information, but I can't find the problem. I hope to get help!
The test method I executed:
https://github.com/lingting/VirtualCurrency/blob/0.3.4/src/test/java/live/lingting/virtual/currency/omni/Transfer.java#L387
I signed the p2sh-p2wpkh address processing code:
https://github.com/lingting/VirtualCurrency/blob/0.3.4/src/main/java/live/lingting/virtual/currency/service/impl/BtcOmniServiceImpl.java#L414
// Custom redemption script
Script redeemScript = new ScriptBuilder().smallNum(0).data(keys.get(0).getPubKeyHash()).build();
TransactionSignature signature;
signature = tx.calculateWitnessSignature(inputIndex, key, redeemScript, txIn.getValue(), SigHash.ALL,false);
txIn.setScriptSig(redeemScript);
// p2sh-p2wpkh 设置 witness
txIn.setWitness(TransactionWitness.redeemP2WPKH(signature, keys.get(0)));


texts: Has Lightning Network seen any fraud or major vulnerabilities?

texts: I'm curious to know has LN faced any major issues so far?


texts: How to check BTC transaction when buying face to face?

texts:
I have never bought bitcoins face to face. Don't have iphone/ipad and therefore I would need answers on the following question:

What do I need to have on my cell phone in order to provide seller my bitcoin address AND to be able to check whether or not he/she really sent bitcoins to me before we say BYE to each other. I would like to avoid requesting to rewrite bitcoin address from physical paper because mistakes could occur. In this question I am asking how to provide him my bitcoin address in easiest and most useful possible way, and I am also asking how to check that I really got my bitcoins. I have old Samsung cellphone and probably (at least i hope so) its not everything about QR code - my cellphone doesn't support it.

Assuming that I don't want to bring my laptop with me (additional safety reasons as I don't know with who I am dealing - you never know what kind of person he/she is), assuming that I don't have iphone/ipad and assuming I don't want to use public computer, is there any fifth (fourth is usage of cellphone) way how to do this?

I checked the following two links but neither of them helped:

How to check if user sent me the BTC?

How do I buy Bitcoins safely face-to-face?


texts: What is short pseudocode for determining the total number of bitcoins mined?

texts:
Here's what I have so far:

total_epochs = current_block_height % 210000
total_coins = 0;

for(i = 1; i <= total_epochs; i++) {
  reward = 100 / 2^(i * 210000 / 210000);
  total_coins += 210000 * reward;
}

But this overaccounts for the total coins. Any simpler strategy that works?


texts: What is a mnemonic frequency analysis and why do I only need 4 letters of my seed words?

texts:
Cryptosteel only allows to store the first 4 letters of each word of my mnemonic seed, the FAQ tells me why:

  [...] you only need to assemble the first 4 letters of each word. Those 4 letters are unique and sufficient to recover the sentence and the entire bitcoin wallet. We did a frequency analysis and determined the minimum set of letters that are needed to create the Cryptosteel.

What is a mnemonic frequency analysis? Why do I only need the first 4 letters?

I am only using a mnemonic seed in the Greenbits Android wallet by GreenAddress. However, it uses 24 or 27 word phases and not 12. I tried to recover my seed from only the first 4 letters, but the wallet complains that some of them are no real words.

I'm assuming GreenAddress is using something different to BIP39 seeds and the first 4 letter rule does not apply to all seeds, is that correct?