texts: How many bitcoins are there currently in circulation?

texts: Where do I find the total number of bitcoins currently out there?


texts: Do checkpoints affect initial chain sync time?

texts: I've seen some guides that suggest that initial sync time for a new full node can be accelerated by setting checkpoints: false but I don't understand why that would be the case. My thinking is the opposite would be true, because bitcoind won't bother fully verifying blocks below checkpoint height?


texts: Is there a version of EasyMiner for Mac?

texts: I'm thinking about possibly getting a BitForce Jalapeno (http://products.butterflylabs.com/4-5gh-bitcoin-miner.html) It says that it needs "EasyMiner" which is only for Windows. (The download page links to a .exe file). Does anyone know if they're planning to make a version for mac? Are they any alternatives? (In software, not hardware)


texts: What happens to off chain transactions when the blockchain is reorganised?

texts:
Many companies seem to use off chain transactions to transfer bitcoins between their own customers. What happens when a side chain gains dominance and no longer contains a block with the underlying transaction?

Let me explain my question with an example:

Customers A and B have Coinbase wallets.
Customer A receives 10 bitcoins from Block 1 into his wallet.
He instantly transfers 5 bitcoins to B's wallet using an off chain transaction.
B spends 1 bitcoin using and on chain transaction and that is included in Block 2.

This is displayed again below:

Block 1 -> A -> Off Chain -> B -> Block 2
10 BTC          5 BTC             1 BTC

Now suppose Block 1 and 2 now become invalidated due to a reorg of the blockchain and the initial 10 BTC transaction in Block 1 never makes it into a block again. However, the 1 BTC transaction from Block 2 does make it back into another block.

This could potentially corrupt an off chain system like Coinbase because it would end up not having the initial 10 BTC from Block 1 but customer A has still managed to give 5 BTC to customer B who has managed to send 1 BTC back to the blockchain.

In this example the off chain wallet company eg Coinbase, BitPay, Circle etc will potentially lose 10 BTC because it has already been allocated within their systems.

How do these companies resolve this issue and unravel their systems?

Do they detect that Block 1 no longer exists and then reverse the transaction to A and B's wallet? Or do they use other means? Maybe they just take the hit and lose the 10 BTC from their profits?


texts: How to sign a transaction using only an offline computer?

texts:
I think it is possible to generate keys on an offline computer and sign. To create a transaction I need to input transactions detail, and somehow I have to transfer signed transaction from offline computer to a online computer to relay the transaction.

Is it possible to do this without using USB storage? I can use a keyboard, or barcode reader to transfer the input transaction hash to an offline computer and the signed transaction back to the online computer. So that private key stays with the offline computer.

What are step-by-step instructions to do this, with any required error check / correction?


texts: Consequences to reducing `checkblocks` in console on a node?

texts: At start up it will check the last N number of blocks to verify, default is 288 or 48 hours. If I changed mine to 72, approx the last 12 hours instead are there any foreseeable negative consequences to doing so? Would my node still be considered valid, would it increase my ban score, or disable the wallet feature as it does to those who run pruned nodes, etc?


texts: Calculating Different Investments altogether?

texts:
Bitcoin was my first dive into investing.

I am trying to see how much I made and how well I did.

I am getting a problem however where I bought multiple times at different periods and prices.

What's the standard way to calculate how well I did when each order was at different prices and etc?

So for example:

if I bought X BTC with Y USD at time t0
and Z BTC with Y USD at time1

How would I calculate my return and profits?


texts: Any way to accelerate transaction for a random cryptocurrency?

texts: I see all kinds of transaction confirmation times on Blockchain.info, from really short to very long (to an unacceptable extent). I wonder if there's a way to control that in any way. Maybe by giving a bigger reward to the miners? Does the sender even have control over this? I know that Ethereum has some control over that, but is it possible for Bitcoin? What about other crypto coins/tokens?


texts: How to decode raw tx hex programmatically

texts:
createrawtransaction(...) in testnet returns this hex:

01000000010470c3139dc0f0882f98d75ae5bf957e68dadd32c5f81261c0b13e85f592ff7b0000000000ffffffff02b286a61e000000001976a9140f39a0043cf7bdbe429c17e8b514599e9ec53dea88ac01000000000000001976a9148a8c9fd79173f90cf76410615d2a52d12d27d21288ac00000000

I know how to decode this with decoderawtransaction but if I want to do this programmatically how can I do it? In other words, what is the exact encoding/format of this hex and how can I decode it into plain text or json using c# or some other language?

The decoded text should be:

{
    "addresses": [
        "miXoR8DUo5tQJyr6rkKMF2WKkrBRTb8tEV",
        "mguTTnqj3ASi3YYtzGAoYrUqXGRjCTuovG",
        "mt9Y1HCL8ntHrT5jX9kx1G86rGZ2bcyajh"
    ],
    "block_height": -1,
    "block_index": -1,
    "confidence": 0,
    "confirmations": 0,
    "double_spend": false,
    "fees": 500000,
    "hash": "b020bdec4e92cb69db93557dcbbfcc73076fc01f6828e41eb3ef5f628414ee62",
    "inputs": [
        {
            "addresses": [
                "miXoR8DUo5tQJyr6rkKMF2WKkrBRTb8tEV"
            ],
            "age": 2596,
            "output_index": 0,
            "output_value": 514729939,
            "prev_hash": "7bff92f5853eb1c06112f8c532ddda687e95bfe55ad7982f88f0c09d13c37004",
            "script": "",
            "script_type": "pay-to-pubkey-hash",
            "sequence": 4294967295
        }
    ],
    "lock_time": 0,
    "outputs": [
        {
            "addresses": [
                "mguTTnqj3ASi3YYtzGAoYrUqXGRjCTuovG"
            ],
            "script": "76a9140f39a0043cf7bdbe429c17e8b514599e9ec53dea88ac",
            "script_type": "pay-to-pubkey-hash",
            "value": 514229938
        },
        {
            "addresses": [
                "mt9Y1HCL8ntHrT5jX9kx1G86rGZ2bcyajh"
            ],
            "script": "76a9148a8c9fd79173f90cf76410615d2a52d12d27d21288ac",
            "script_type": "pay-to-pubkey-hash",
            "value": 1
        }
    ],
    "preference": "high",
    "received": "2016-01-22T12:58:23.224606219Z",
    "relayed_by": "54.167.150.115, 127.0.0.1",
    "size": 119,
    "total": 514229939,
    "ver": 1,
    "vin_sz": 1,
    "vout_sz": 2
}

Reference: decoderawtransaction in C++


texts: How to generate Segwit address using bitcoind?

texts:
I am using bitcoind. It generates the BTC addresses(not segregated). How to get segwit addresses? Do I have to change the settings in bitcoin.conf file?

bitcoin-cli getnewaddress  -- generates address that starts with '1'


texts:
ORIGINAL QUESTION:

Anyone know why I am getting the following error message?

Other possible relevant info:

Config file location

/home/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf

Config file content:

server=1
testnet=0
txindex=1
rpcuser=[username redacted]
rpcpassword=[password redacted]

bitcoind location:

/home/bitcoin-0.19.1/bin/bitcoind

OS:

Ubuntu 18.04 (fully uptodate)

bitcoin-core download location:

sudo wget https://bitcoincore.org/bin/bitcoin-core-0.19.1/bitcoin-0.19.1-x86_64-linux-gnu.tar.gz

login username:

bitcoin

folder/file permissions (recursive) for bitcoind and bitcoin.conf:

777

After a few seconds, bitcoind automatically stops without warning and allows me to start it again, only to automatically stop again.  How do I figure out why it is not starting, or why it stops after a second or 2?  When it stops, it does not show any error messages in the terminal.  I only know something is wrong if I run a bitcoin-cli command, as seen in the screenshot above.

UPDATE ONE:

./bitcoind output below:


texts:
I'm not entirely sure how the reward system in Bitcoin works.

So, every 10 minutes a block is solved and 25 bitcoins are rewarded to a miner (or group). This happens in proportion to the amount of total computation power that miner has invested in solving the block. So a miner that has 30% of the total network power has a 30% chance of getting the 25 bitcoins and so gets roughly 8 bitcoins every 10 minutes right? If it was a group of 4 miners, average payout would be 2 bitcoins per minder I think.

How do transaction fees work with this? So a block consists of transactions. Are all fees for all transactions summed up and added to the basic 25 bitcoin reward and hence rewarded according to the same probability as above?

In addition, does this mean that a certain block can be worth much more than another one, should somebody be particularly generous in his transaction fee?


texts: Should a user be notified about "last modified" time of bitcoin.conf while the bitcoin core wallet is loading?

texts:
I have mentioned details here: https://github.com/bitcoin-core/gui/issues/76
Also what would be the best approach to solve this problem using c++ which works on linux, windows and mac without any issues?
Few solutions are mentioned here: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40504281/c-how-to-check-the-last-modified-time-of-a-file


texts: Is there any where to get free testnet Bitcoins?

texts: I'm building a project with bitcoins and want to test it with testnet. However, I don't have any testnet bitcoins, and despite the difficulty being less than 100 usually, I still haven't been able to mine a block on my PC (CPU only) after a day. Is there anywhere I could get just some small amount of testnet bitcoins for testing?


texts: Reject or refuse to relay a valid transaction

texts: Under the Bitcoin protocol, how much control does a node have on how a transaction is dealt with once received? Can a node reject a valid transaction? Can a node refuse to relay a valid transaction to neighboring nodes or is the transaction relayed automatically once validated? If not relayed automatically, why not? Why give a node the option to control whether or not a valid transaction gets relayed?


texts: How does bundling as a bundler in Ardor work?

texts:
What do the bundling options mean in Ardor when you are bundling?

Minimum Rate
Rate
Fee Limit
Overpay


texts:
I have an ecdsa public key how to get the private key of this public key;
0222d2deda24c03b2cc2b458c35780c62b6b5603c088709f17607b7ecf1399e4d7 how to solve this on python I am using Pydroid 3 on my mobile any sources to do this any code for this and also tell me how to do this on termux not random entering public key and finding private key hex can any body can help me


texts: Is blockchain really secure to store sensitive data?

texts:
Plenty of developers these days trying to decentralise everything.

I noticed some developers claim that they are gonna replace email with blockchain technology. johnmcafeeswiftmail, CryptaMail, Lemon Email to name a few.

If I'm not wrong, blockchain is more like a public database where anyone can access the data. And these data are getting stored for eternity.

Sure, these developers can encrypt the data before storing it. But what guarantee they can give us that these data never gonna get decrypted 50 years from now with the help of advanced technology of that time.

I'm really concerned about these users data. Please correct me if i'm wrong.


texts: Is there a point to vanity addresses if a new destination address should be created per sender?

texts:
There is some advice for merchants to have a unique Bitcoin address for each incoming address.    Apparently this will help associate a transaction with a sender.

Since it can take a long time to generate a vanity address:

Is there any benefit to doing this if one should be created per sender?
When does it make sense to use a vanity address?


texts:
I am trying to generate SegWit paper wallet address from WIF:

My WIF is L5mHKZsCLS27nSoGM3RdAwuxjvg7XhJdP25LgqdXe6zF11wpWdbT.

I am converting WIF to compressed public key:

Compressed public key: 03fac6879502c4c939cfaadc45999c7ed7366203ad523ab83ad5502c71621a85bb

I am creating P2SH-P2WPKH address using instructions at Creation of P2SH-P2WPKH Address

using following algorithm:

Calculate the RIPEMD160 of the SHA256 of a public key:

SHA256 of public key: cfad24b0bc2bba2c8bb2c8d619dca2b74221930793bca50df73856f0bbba10c9

RIPEMD160 of SHA256 hash: d5e5d05edfe2ed61099bf3f0d53be2775bbc6d0d

Create P2SH redeemScript as OP_PUSH publicKeyHash:

redeemScript: 0014d5e5d05edfe2ed61099bf3f0d53be2775bbc6d0d

Generate scriptPubKey as OP_HASH160 hash160(redeemScript) OP_EQUAL

scriptPubKey: a914a19949e546c2f4d410cbb061c986b9ff3099ae7087

Generate RIPEMD160 hash of scriptPubKey:

hash: dc62e525af22d1f0f17cc2a091cf2c9fb36bf553

Generate address with 0x05 prefix and double SHA256 hash checksum:

result: 3MnK46gvixm8hk7mJTQTAqenniSodjXPrJ

Expected result according to segwitaddress is:

33voQqbNAYyig272KjcX8GkucWn2x25WEg

What am I doing wrong?

Update

Thanks to the accepted answer, here are correct steps to do this:

Public key - compressed:
03fac6879502c4c939cfaadc45999c7ed7366203ad523ab83ad5502c71621a85bb

SHA256(public key) =
cfad24b0bc2bba2c8bb2c8d619dca2b74221930793bca50df73856f0bbba10c9

RIPEMD160(SHA256(public key)) =
7646c030f7e75b80f0a31cdcab731e6f424f22b2

redeemScript (OP_0 pubkeyHash160):
00147646c030f7e75b80f0a31cdcab731e6f424f22b2

SHA256(redeemScript) =
a10e523968ba784d24ccd54e613d8f747d6649e42b1df4fdcec6658262620651

RIPEMD160(SHA256(redeemScript)) =
188ba16284702258959d8bb63bb9a5d979b57875

P2SH address base58(0x05 | hash | 4-byte sha256 checksum) =
33voQqbNAYyig272KjcX8GkucWn2x25WEg


texts:
In the Features of Bitcoin Core i found following Line:
"Bitcoin Core includes a transaction verification engine"

Please define Validation, is Validation = verify or not.
Does the Engine verify everything what is coming through and i just have to pay for Power, Online Time, Memory and so?

I ask because of all the time when I run a full node I NEVER had to verify a transaction coming through, no Blocks, nothing. I was wondering why my Budget didn't move a single satoshi up or down. I don't get it maybe you do.


texts: What is `modifiedfee` in mempool dump, how is it related to actual fee?

texts:
In mempool dump through getrawmempool true, I see something called modifiedfee.

It seems to be the same in all cases (just by looking at the dump). What exactly is it, how does it relate to fee (that is also present)?

The help says

  (numeric) transaction fee with fee deltas used for mining priority

but that is not very helpful; that just seems like normal fee.

edit: I went trough the file by iterating over the dump, and modifiedfee and fee are indeed the same on all the transactions.


texts: Why is Python popular in Bitcoin projects?

texts:
When checking out open source projects related to Bitcoin, I see that many are written in, or make a large use of, Python language. I mostly use Ruby and have little experience in Python; so, I would like to know why this is the case.

On this Github search result, you can see that Python is ranked second when you search the keyword 'bitcoin'.


texts: What research papers cover Bitcoin's impact on Central Banks, "velocity of money", and reserves?

texts:
I'm looking for research papers that cover the impact Bitcoin may have on Central Banking, interest rates, velocity of money, and their reserve.

What research papers or information from thought leaders exists w.r.t Bitcoin's impact on economic matters?


texts: how http://blockchain.info/, http://blockexplorer.com/q or http://www.bitcoinmonitor.com/ works

texts:
Possible Duplicate:
  How can I read information from the blockchain?

Can anyone tell me from where exactly sites like

http://www.bitcoinmonitor.com/
http://blockchain.info/
can't post more links

take their information.
How bitcoinmonitor knows what transactions have been done right now?


texts:
I'm studying bitcoin.
I have a question because I was curious about the part of wallet.

Can I send it to the wrong address format?
The address format is correct, but is it possible to send bitcoin if sent to the ownerless address?
If 'A' happens to generate question2 address and use its wallet address, can 'A' use its coin?

Thank you.


texts:
Is there a Bitcoin price alert application that can use data from BitcoinCharts.com?  Something like a windows desktop alert is what I have in mind.

I need this as I am trying to monitor prices of different exchanges such as localbitcoins.

If not then I may write a quick application for it and post it here.

Thanks


texts: Assuming a decentralized exchange like this, wouldn't this basic logic guarantee profits every single day?

texts:
Let's say that Bisq releases their API (which seems imminent) tomorrow. Now, we can automate talking to Bisq to trade between Bitcoin and whatevercoin.
If I do the following:

Manually put 0.01 BTC into my Bisq account.
Start my bot loop which connects every minute or something similar to the Bisq API to check the price of Bitcoin.
Note the current price of Bitcoin.
Wait a minute.
Check the price of Bitcoin versus whatevercoin.
If the difference to Bitcoin's benefit is larger than arbitrary small amount, buy predetermined arbitrary small amount of whatevercoins for Bitcoin.
If the difference to Bitcoin's benefit is smaller than arbitrary small amount, buy predetermined arbitrary small amount of Bitcoin for whatevercoins.
If the Bitcoin price goes up too much in a too short period of time, pause trading until it's become stable again.
Regularly send out some Bitcoin profits from Bisq to my normal wallet, always keeping at least 0.01 BTC in there.

This logic seems way too basic and naive to ever work. There must be something I'm missing. Would this not guarantee constant profits since, with the exception of steep bull runs (which this bot would detect and pause for), the price goes up and down all the time during the day?
Even including "expensive" offers (not exactly market price), and Bisq trading fees, that could easily be accounted for to determine if it's meaningful to buy or if it has to wait another minute, etc.
Would this not guarantee constant profits? In what scenario would this not guarantee that your coins slowly but surely increase all the time?
Is this exactly what will happen when they release the API? Should I be not wasting one second right now but instead get to work to actually code together this script to be one of the first to take advantage of it when it's released? Or have I missed some basic point which would quickly drain my 0.01 BTC?


texts: How to make bootstrap.dat work with bitcoin qt

texts:
I have downloaded the bootstrap.dat torrent to make bitcoin qt synchronize faster.
I have searched the bitcoin directory by writing in the Run Application "explorer %APPDATA%\Bitcoin"
I have dropped the bootstrap.dat file in there. (other files/maps in there are, blocks, chainstate, .lock, db, debug, peers.dat, wallet.dat/
I have opened the bitcoin qt program through Start.

And the bitcoin qt is not importing the bootstrap.dat. It just start synchronizing from 5 years.

Can someone tell me how to solve this


texts: Why do I get this error when I try to install CGMiner on my RaspberryPi?

texts:
I am going crazy trying to install CGminer on my RaspberryPi (I use Raspbian) to mine Scrypt currency

I downloaded it and when I perform:

sudo ./configure

finally I get the following error message:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
cgminer 3.7.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Configuration Options Summary:

  libcurl(GBT+getwork).: Enabled: -lcurl
  curses.TUI...........: FOUND: -lncurses
  scrypt...............: Disabled
  OpenCL...............: Detection overrided. GPU mining support DISABLED
configure: error: No mining configured in

Why? And why it say to me that scrypt is disabled?

What is the problem? How can I fix it?


texts: In the Ardor API, how can one return more than 100 results from an API call?

texts: Currently the Ardor API, limits results of 100 at a time. Is there a way to return more than 100 results using the api calls?


texts:
Can someone earn bitcoins for free by using bitcoin millionaire pro platform really?
I have just come across this ad somewhere. And I thought of inquiring about it to have some clue about it.


texts: Where can I find data for abandoned blocks (74,638 to 74,690) for the Value Overflow Incident when ₿184 billion BTC were accidentally created?

texts:
I already have data for all the Mainchain Blocks. Where can I find data for the orphaned/abandoned blocks (74,638 to 74,690) before the re-organisation occurred?
I can only seem to find information for block 74,638 and the timestamp for block 74,639. I cannot seem to find anymore. I have been digging through waybackmachine without much luck.
Any help appreciated!


texts: How to fund a bidirectional channel in Lightning Network by two participants? (Edited)

texts:
I brought up a similar question here: (Link to question) for a payment channel (in general case and without specifying which payment channel implementation.) Since this funding channels depends on the platform and implementation, I bring up that question specifically for Lightning Network (last version).

How to fund a bidirectional channel in Lightning Network (last version) by two participants?

To clarify better the question, I bring up following scenario:

Assuming two users want to create a bidirectional channel between themselves such that user_1 wants to pay n BTC to user_2 at the end. And user_2 wants to pay m BTC to user_1 at the end.

So, the capacity of this channel must be (n + m) BTC. Logically, n BTC of channel's capacity must be provided by user_1 and m BTC of channel's capacity must be provided by user_2.

However, since they create together only one channel between themselves, how can they manage capacity of this channel? Since the channel is bidirectional, it is wisely, logical and fair that its capacity must be funded by both users, so how can they establish this channel together with (n + m) BTC ?

Please note that:
(1) non of users do NOT trust each other and (2) do NOT want to finalize a micro-payment (settlement) before capacity of the channel becomes (n + m) BTC.

Edit: Here: (Link to answer) it's mentioned by @Jestin that : "the fee must be paid by whichever party creates the funding transaction." If so, each of both users prefer NOT to create the funding transaction to avoid paying fees. What happens in a situation users do not know and do not trust each other? What does incentive one of users to be volunteer to pay the fees?

Note: If you think that question is not clear enough, please let me know.


texts: Mini-Blockchain proposal: How is the proof-chain secured against injections?

texts:
I have just finished reading the paper Purely P2P Crypto-Currency With Finite Mini-Blockchain by J.D. Bruce. While I got the impression, that the rolling blockchain as an idea might work, I was left wondering about one detail in the proposal.

It seems to me that the proof-chain fails to live-up to it's purpose:
Bruce suggests that it would be sufficient to keep the proof-of-work solutions of the blocks as a proof-chain. Yet, how could one verify the proof-chain if all the block data has been discarded as suggested? Wouldn't it be possible to replace any blockhash in the proof-chain with another valid blockhash and start a competing mini-blockchain from that point?

That way an attacker could spend any amount of time on the mini-blockchain and just insert it into the proof-chain whenever it is sufficiently long.

Am I missing something? Why would the proposal work as intended by the author? Or is it actually "broken"?


texts: Getting multiple OHLCV candles with API with one request

texts:
i don't know if this is the right place to ask this, but i haven't found a proper one to do so, so here we go :

I wanna get only the LAST OHLCV candle from multiple markets with the cryptocompare api using only one request. Is that possible ?

For example : I can get multiple coin prices using only one request by doing this : https://min-api.cryptocompare.com/data/pricemulti?fsyms=NXT,OK,XRP,LTC,1ST,PAY,XVG,XLM,BCH&tsyms=BTC&e=Bittrex

I want to do the same thing, but getting the last OHLCV (1 min, 5 min, 15 min...etc) instead. Is that possible ? If it is, can someone explain me how to do it ? If cryptocompare does not support this, is there any other API that allow me to do this ?

Thanks in advance!


texts: What does it mean for a transaction to be over spent?

texts: IIRC, a transaction's inputs add up to its outputs plus the transaction fee. So how would a concept like "over spending" fit in? I saw this in a Bitcoin library I'm maintaning and didn't find this term in the reference literature (Antonopoulos).


texts: How to retrieve the from and to wallet addresses of a transaction?

texts:
Given a transaction's inputs and outputs, I'd like to be able to extract the wallet address (or addresses) which sent the transaction, and also the address/addresses that will receive the transaction.

Which part / field of the input refers to the hash of the output?
And which part / field of the output refers to the address which will receive the output?

I'm using bitcoinj. I've tried looking at the scriptSig of inputs and scriptPubKey of the outputs, but it isn't making much sense to me.

E.g, for the genesis transaction: https://blockchain.info/tx/4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b?show_adv=true

The output's scriptPubKey is [04678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5f] CHECKSIG

But the receiver address is 1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa

How can I extract that the receiver address is that from that scriptPubKey?


texts:
I've managed to create a wallet with some old private keys from Armory.

After verifying that there are no funds on these addresses, I've closed Electrum
and deleted all files in C:\Users\MyName\AppData\Roaming\Electrum\wallets\ and the config file. The cache folder was empty.

After restarting Electrum and creating a NEW wallet the old addresses (and Keys) where still there.

Where are these keys stored?
How can I remove these old addresses?

In the answer to Removing old public keys @rdymac writes something about
"second click options". I was not able to find informations about this option.

Clicking an address a second time or double clicking gives no result.
Right-click doesn't give the option to delete the address.


texts: How to decrypt MultiBit private key with 128 bytes line and 52 bytes line?

texts:
I want to recover my bitcoin private key stored by MultiBit. I've written down private key as text while using MultiBit classic. I don't remember how I get the text of private key. The text consists of two line. First line has 128 characters and starts with U and contains +. Second line has 52 characters and starts with q, contains /.
As far as I know, the text may be encrypted. And I also wrote down password, so I assume I can decrypt the text with the password, but I don't know how.
I've tried the instruction of Export and limited import of private keys with pasting the text to a file and executed the openssl command. However, I've got bad decrypt message and 64 bytes result file. It doesn't seem successful.
I want to how to decrypt my private key text and get valid private key.


texts: With all the stats and metrics out there I was surprised I could not find this out. Has anyone ever determined the highest nonce in a block?


texts: Is there a "print to file" parameter or its equivalent for bitcoin-cli; so that results from the daemon are recorded

texts: Is there any way to "print to file" the queried results of the bitcoin-cli. This would be most helpful in my basic cross platform integration of a program I am making with QB64.


texts:
I just learned about Bitcoin loaning as seen below and tried it a few times. I'm not too clear on the earnings.

Does it mean you can loan your Bitcoin for .0988% return every 2 days? But when I check my loan history, it seems like the loan gets returned to you multiple times a day and it gets loaned out again. Does this mean every time someone that borrows from you gets charged .0988% ? So what is the 2 days for then?


texts: bitcoin core wallet transactions syncing

texts:
I'll explain the steps I want to figure out.
I have an empty bitcoin core wallet.

I backup the wallet and go offline.

Someone sends bitcoin to this wallet and I can see it in balance.

I restore my bitcoin core wallet to the initial point.

What will happen then?
I assume that I'll start over with the blockchain from scratch and what will happen is that initially the balance will be 0 (since my node is not yet aware of the transaction). So I'll need to synchronize up to the block where the transaction was included (this will take some time). At that time the balance will be updated.  After that the synchronization will continue until its up-to-date with the head.


texts:
I have a running full bitcoin node (txindex=1). I also setup electrumx and it has fully synced with current blockchain state.
Here's the log :
    INFO:LocalRPC:[2] RPC 127.0.0.1:44806, 0 total
    INFO:BlockProcessor:our height: 505,932 daemon: 648,872 UTXOs 826MB hist 236MB
    INFO:BlockProcessor:our height: 505,941 daemon: 648,872 UTXOs 831MB hist 245MB
    INFO:DB:flushed filesystem data in 0.13s
    INFO:History:flushed history in 3.9s for 1,249,360 addrs
    INFO:DB:flush #470 took 4.1s.  Height 505,941 txs: 295,160,913 (+337,771)
    INFO:DB:tx/sec since genesis: 1,976, since last flush: 226
    INFO:DB:sync time: 1d 17h 29m  ETA: 11d 10h 54m
    INFO:BlockProcessor:our height: 505,959 daemon: 648,872 UTXOs 838MB hist 18MB
    INFO:BlockProcessor:our height: 505,967 daemon: 648,872 UTXOs 842MB hist 26MB

But when i run electrumx_rpc query , its returning like this :
  No history found
  No UTXOs found
  Balance: 0 BTC

But I have balance in that address. How to fix this?
I installed electrumx using this repo.


texts: What % of the network will mine multi-sig transactions where n > 3?

texts: I'm trying to determine how likely it is for multi-sigs with n > 3 are to be mined.  Whether this is a sub-set of miners (say 10%) or if you need to relay them to some specific nodes.


texts: Determine which transaction output is a change address and which is not

texts:
Is there a way to determine which transaction output is a likely a change address and which is not?

Looking at this transaction, there are two outputs - a change address and the output address. Blockchain.info says "Estimated BTC transacted: 0.5 BTC", but I'm not sure how it's estimating that.


texts: How to get last transactions made to a non-wallet bitcoin address?

texts:
I know I can rebuild my block index by setting txindex=1 in my bitcoin.conf file and restart bitcoind with -reindex so that I can view non-wallet transactions using:

bitcoind getrawtransaction a93a668d9332e21d51380c7251bbf5ad47295ca9795e0ad6f2fe8d63b76af9aa 1

I'm currently in another situation however, in which I only have the recipient address. So my question is, can I list all transactions that have been received by a certain address, preferably including the confirmations that this transaction has gotten?

All tips are welcome!


texts: When is it a good time to invest in Cloud mining?

texts:
I bought bitcoins a while ago, an investment, but have now been reading up on cloud mining.

Due to the cost of bitcoins rising, is now a good time to invest in cloud mining?


texts: Which part of code (function) handles received transactions?

texts: I was trying to understand the flow of control between functions (operations performed and their order) when a transaction is received.


texts: Bitcoin accepted charities or organizations

texts:
I'm looking for Bitcoin accepted Charities. I want to make a list of the charities.

I found that Donation-accepting organizations and projects but I prefer organizations which are saving children, providing educations or solving environmental issues. Typical examples are UNICEF and WWF.

And also, I need to know the charitable bitcoin address. I mean that using payment processer, like bitpay, are not useful in my case.

The followings are what I found it.

BitGive
Dignitas International

Are there any organizations?

Thanks.


texts: I transferred money from circle to Bitcoin, the transaction showed it was successful however it did not go into my Bitcoin but went to blockchain. I saw the amount on blockchain as unspent but then after few days it was shown as spent. However it did not even reach me so can it show that and also why has it reached there and is there any way of getting it back. I look forward to hearing from you soon.


texts: Will "all" bitcoins ultimately vanish? (be unusable)

texts:
During this CCC conference from 2011, starting from 00:18:55, the presenter suggests that as bitcoins can be lost (lost private key, dead owner, sending to an "eater" address that nobody posses, etc.), and as the total amount of bitcoins has a known threshold (21 millions), there is a possibility that given enough time, most bitcoins, if not all, will actually vanish (be unusable).

The questions is when?

Actually, according to him:

if 0.5% of bitcoins are getting lost per year, "all" bitcoins will be gone by approx. 2032;
if the losing rate is 0.1% per year, it will probably last for a century, but will ultimately be doomed.

And if we suppose that inactive wallets (2 years with no transaction) are in fact lost wallets, we reach that 0.1%/year threshold...


texts: How to choose address in BlockChain Android Application?

texts:
If I want to receive funds using the Blockchain Android application I click on the arrow on the top of the screen which brings up the Request Bitcoin screen, showing the QR-code for easy scanning.

The problem is that the QR-code is for the original address generated when I first created my Blockchain wallet.  Even though I have created additional addresses I don't see any way to change the receiving address with the Android application.

Is the option to specify a different receiving address not an option on the Blockchain Android application or am I missing something?


texts: Have all hashes of unlocked difficulty levels of cryptocurrencies been mined?

texts:
I'm wondering if all the hashes of a previously unlocked difficulty level of a cryptocurrency, such as

  0000000000000000xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx BTC

, have been completely mined, where x is a placeholder for a constituting HEX digit, such that all the possible combinations of digits in that difficulty level have been mined.


texts: Syncronization time jumps up to 8 days, then down again

texts:
I'm relatively new to using the litecoin software.  I watched the local copy of the blockchain build all the way down to two days.  Suddenly, it jumped back up to 8 days, and then built all the way down to zero days and finished.  The time it took to go from 8 days down to zero was a lot faster than the normal build had been down to two days (about ten or fifteen minutes). Knowing that this latter part of the build would be past all the checkpoints (do I know that?), is there an issue here?

Answers to comment section:

Nick: No, the time was not altered, and the computer was never rebooted during the blockchain build.

Unfortunately, I deleted the blockchain, due to suspicion.  Now I wish I'd kept it for forensic analysis.


texts:
Where can one see a real time graph of current number of unconfirmed transactions (Y axis) over time (X axis)?
Thanks!


texts: In traditional transactions, the merchants pay the fees. For bitcoins, it seems that the payer is paying the fees. In pratice, what will happen for a real transaction? If the payer does not enough fees, the transaction won't be confirmed. Or should the merchants include the transaction fees in the price?


texts: thin-client remote node lying through omission

texts:
is there a way for a non-full node (ie a node which does not contain the full blockchain) to know when it has received all transactions associated with an address? i understand that it is possible for a non-full node to tell if it has been fed an invalid transaction - the node can check that the transaction hash exists in the pruned merkle tree for the specified block, then compute the merkle root for that tree and check it exists in the block header. but i don't know of any checks to ensure that all transactions have been downloaded.

if transactions are not relayed by a malicious remote node then the target node will think it has less funds available than it really does.

i had thought that bloom filters might fix this problem, but i read in bip37:

  Thus, a merkleblock message is a block header, plus a part of a merkle
  tree which can be used to extract identifying information for
  transactions that matched the filter and prove that the matching
  transaction data really did appear in the solved block. Clients can
  use this data to be sure that the remote node is not feeding them fake
  transactions that never appeared in a real block, although lying
  through omission is still possible.

so it seems bip37 does not attempt to solve this issue.


texts: HTC Exodus - New phone Capable To Run Full BTC Nodes - is this possible?

texts:
https://mashable.com/article/htc-exodus-1s-blockchain-phone/?europe=true

Hello people.

I read about the above linked article on a new HTC blockchain-capable smartphone.

Now my 2 questions are:

1)  >How can this phone act as a "FULL NODE" of BTC? Is this really true?  You could throw away your full node on linux computer, and instead use the HTC phone?

-First, I have difficulty to understand how its going to store the hundreds of GB of data...

-I am thinking about the mining activity. how can this small piece of phone chip do mining if it cannot achieve high hash rates?

2) Is such a fullnode phone helpful and positive impact on the overall btc network (what are the positive impacts?)?

Thank you for explanations.


texts:
Is there a convenient data source and/or graph that gives the "market capitalization" over time for Bitcoin (i.e. the number of bitcoins issued to date times their current value on the big exchanges).

Note e.g. some publicity and attention to this issue due to the xkcd infographic on Money:

Money - XKCD
Zoom in to the part about bitcoin or see the original version:

Note that the date indicated there for the peak so far (July 2011) is wrong, since that peak was on June 8 or 9.  It would be fun to provide some more accurate and precise numbers, though of course there is no one canonical exchange rate and some sort of weighted price may be more useful than the very highest trade recorded.  See some nearby data at:
 bitcoin charts 2011-06-08..11

Update: A closer look at the minute-by-minute data suggests that the peak was at     2011-06-08T17:10  when the mtgox USD price was $31.91.  At that point the most recent block was  http://blockexplorer.com/b/129412 at 2011-06-08 16:56:29 (assuming both services are using the same timezone? UTC?).  That implies $206,476,846 I think: 31.91 $/BTC * 129412 blocks * 50 BTC/block

See also the nice new Bitcoin Pie site that compares market cap for various bitcoin-related currencies (and see Is there an easy way to check out the market cap of the alternative currencies? - Bitcoin - Stack Exchange).


texts: Where does Bittrex/Binance (alternative cryptocurrency markets) get their coins?

texts:
There are several cryptocurrency platforms like Bittrex, Binance where you can transfer your BTCs (or other mainstream coin types such as ETH, LTC) to and buy alternative coins (IOTA, XRP or thousand other types) in exchange. Where do these platforms get their alternative coins?

Are they just selling coins that they had bought from people (similar to coinbase's approach see [1]) who got them through ICOs or several other channels? What would those channels be?


texts:
Ok. I don't care if I make only a small amount of bitcoins mining. I want to mine.

How do I setup my machine (amd x64 4.6Ghz 6GB/RAM with GeForce Nvidia 7300, LinuxMint 10) to start mining?

Is it damn simple, or it's a damn-high-geek-setup?

Can I set up to use both CPU and GPU?

How much should I expect in this simple system per month with my machine on all time?


texts:
Has anyone done the math on this?

For example, if we had 10’s of millions of nodes all connecting to 8 peers would there be some latency issues in propagating blocks across the network in the 10 minute block intervals?


texts: How to Create a new Genesis Block with some bitcoins initially asigned to some users?

texts:
I am trying to use Bitcoin's code for some other application.

Is it possible to create a genesis block so that I can initially assign some coins (bitcoins) to some users. For e.g.  The Genesis Block contains the following information: Address A has 10 Bitcoins  Address B has 5 Bitcoins ?

What changes do I have to make ?


texts: How is the balance checked by miners when new addresses are generated?

texts: How is it even possible to check all the transactions for balance when there are constantly new addresses being generated?


texts:
I am wondering what steps to take to migrate a lighting node to a different server, keeping the pubkey/identity. The safest option is obviously to close the channels first. How is the identitiy pubkey created? From the 24 seed, random, or other means?
In case I want to tranfer the node with opened channels, which files would I have to make sure to backup / transmit?


texts: Where can I find the rpc api endpoints for electrum?

texts:
Somehow I cannot find a list of the possible rpc commands. Basically they are just the bitcoin rpc commands I guess but I cannot find a list for that either...

There are some examples here:
http://docs.electrum.org/en/latest/merchant.html#jsonrpc-interface

Also there is a list here but e.g. addrequest from the link above is not in there:
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Original_Bitcoin_client/API_calls_list


texts: fetching unconfirmed utxos from blockchain.info

texts:
A few weeks ago, I would retrieve unconfirmed utxos from Blockchain.info doing API call https://blockchain.info/unspent?active=$address.
That enabled me to successfully make a micropayment channel (MPC) for instance.

Since last week however, an API call for an address with unconfirmed utxos only yields:

{
    "notice" :"Some funds are pending confirmation and cannot be spent yet (Value 0.00412834 BTC)",
    "unspent_outputs":[

    ]
}

(I know it s just a matter of time before these utxos are confirmed and the issue is sorted but ... )

which implies my MPC will not work anymore.

Why such a change?
or have I gotten something wrong?

I am considering this address. We can see the unconfirmed balance is not null, but the API returns no (unconfirmed) UTXO.

Thank you


texts: Need a random seed for vanitygen; where can I obtain one?

texts:
Vanitygen has the option for a file to contain random numbers as an alternative to the built-in random number generator.

What is the correct way to generate this file on Windows, OSX? (and Linux)

What is the range of each number (upper and lower bound)?

What is the correct format of the file (CRLF, LF only)?


texts: Failing to create a new address to be used for receiving staking rewards whenever a generated block is accepted

texts:
Our problem is that we need to get a new address on each stake.

What I've tried so far is:

Generating a new address right before a block is accepted and try using it to receive the stakes, but that kept getting signing verification errors, I could tell the wallet to ignore all that verification, but I could end up making the wallet vulnerable.
2.Taking the stealth address route, loading up a stealth address for receiving the staking rewards, since a stealth addy automatically associates itself with a pub addy and could have solved it smoothly but again there was a signing verification error.

After some research, I figured an address has to be used in a transaction previously in a wallet for it to be used and accepted for receiving rewards, specifically the very last address.

So currently I'm working on creating a microtransaction within a wallet, sign it, and it will be picked automatically to be used for receiving the staking rewards.

From my point of view, there are two options:
1. Creating a new addy and use it to generate a self-transaction that is not charged a transaction fee, just making sure it's the most recently used in the transactions list, before creating a new block.
This way we guarantee when the new block looks up for an addy to send rewards to, this one will be picked up.
2. Changing the address picking approach, instead of looking for a recently used addy in wallet transaction list, we tell it to create a new one and use it instead. Problem with this one, we don't know if this newly generated addy works, IMO it is a loophole that could be used to attack the wallet.

There is also generating a stealth transaction which didn't work for me, had block signing issues.

Any guidance would be grateful.


texts: Adding watch-only addresses to Blockchain.info through an API?

texts: I want to set up a service to monitor the activity of various watch-only addresses. I know Blockchain.info offers an option to do URL callback notifications when a payment is made to an address in their wallet and I know you can add a watch-only address to their wallet by hand, but I can't seem to find an API call to be able to accomplish that. Is it possible to add watch-only addresses to Blockchain.info through an API call?


texts: Is Bitcoin's supply inflated by the exchanges of Bitcoin?

texts: For example, would an exchange of Bitcoin hold accounts for 100,000 customers, and they collective have 8000 bitcoins, but the exchange itself does not hold 8000 bitcoin, but only 1600 for customers to redeem (to transfer to their own wallet if they want to), and therefore, inflating the bitcoin supply by 6400 bitcoins?


texts: Is there a way to detect a mining cartel?

texts: According to blockchain.info, the largest mining pool holds less than 20% of the mining power, which is far below the dreaded 51%. But, this information is (probably) based on the pools publicly identifying themselves. Is it theoretically possible that some miners (or pools) created a secret cartel that holds together 51% of the mining power? If so, what are some signals that can help us identify such a cartel?


texts: How to get balance of a bitcoin p2sh address?

texts:
I send some BTCs to a p2sh address. How can I get the balance of the address?

Local regtest mode


texts: Every bitcoin wallet user has one Private Key or every address has one private key?

texts: I read somewhere that Private Keys are used to uniquely identify users and one user can have multiple addresses. So how does it work? Each private key derives a user or each private key derives an address ?


texts: Is signature/private-key required to accept payment over Lightning Network?

texts:
To (1) create an invoice and (2) accept payment in LN, the node has to be online. But does the node need to sign the creating invoice or the accepting payment?

We don't have to have private key online to receive Bitcoin in on-chain transation. Rather we just need to sign the sending transaction with private key.

It would be nice if LN node doesn't have to have pricate key online for accepting payment.


texts: Not receving Bitcoins to my testnet wallet

texts: I am running the bitcoinj wallettemplate on testnet3. I have this address miAKWcmebJ7TYyZCYUx54djHsatVGdNZA8 , I tried out some websites which sends me testnet coins (Faucet). But I am not receiving any. ? What I am I doing wrong ?


texts: Recover the bitcoin using my bank account transaction details

texts: I lost my wallet and i purchased using my internet banking and Is there possible way to recover my bitcoin using my bank account transaction.


texts: Channels state validation in lightning network?

texts:
I looked into docs but didn't find any information, how do client get information about the state of intermediate channels? Since  channel transactions are offchain, and only channel participants knows current channel state (each peer balance) how can the sender be sure that all channels on the route have sufficient credit to forward the payment?

Thank you in advance.


texts: Can I use same WIF/privkey to make myself a segwit address?

texts:
I think I know the answer, but want to make sure asking here.
I have my old privkey/WIF and some funds on associated legacy bitcoin address. Reading this code https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib/blob/master/test/integration/addresses.js#L50 I think I can make a segwit address out of my private key, transfer all funds to this segwit address, and I will still be able to use old private key to control those funds?
Thanks!


texts: Sent a 1079 byte transaction without a fee on accident

texts: Honest mistake, I thought Bitcoin-Qt would ask if I wanted to add the fee which it did not. What are the chances this transaction will make it through? Is there anyway I can cancel this transaction or do I have to just wait it out and see? It was sent from Bitcoin-Qt v0.8.2-beta


texts:
My question is if I can set the TXID in a raw transaction and send it after it with 'sendrawtransaction' (from the qt console)?

If not, is there a way to do it? And if there is a way, does it means I can send to the bitcoin network the same transaction id over and over again even if the transaction itself is different each time (different inputs or outputs).


texts: I sent bitcoin with a 0.00000494BTC fee to an online market vendor. The transaction took 4 days to confirm by which time the market had cancelled the order. This was over 3 weeks ago now but no bitcoin has come back into my electrum wallet. Do I have to do anything to get it back? Or will it eventually show up? Or is it gone for good? Any help would be really appreciated.


texts: How can I use my pass phrase from 2009 to recover my wallet?

texts: The BTC core wallet lets me choose my own passphrase with 12-16 words. The latest would be late January, early February 2009. What wallet was I using? I can't find a reference online. Everyone says that passphrases weren't used until 2013. I am trying to get my wallet back. I now remember my passphrase.


texts:
is it possible to make a multisig tx with the same keys ?
For example, i got:
Key A, Key B, Key C

Now A should be able to spend the coins and also B with the help of C. (B and C alone should not be able to spend the coins)
So 2 keys out of 4 should work but can key 1 and 2 be A (AABC) ?

Thanks,


texts: How do I recover bch sent to external btc address?

texts: I mistakenly sent bitcoin cash from my bch wallet to an online casino but I sent it to their bitcoin wallet instead of their bch wallet and they didn't receive the funds to credit my account. Can someone please help me recover my bch if possible.


texts: Import all existing addresses in local bitcoind

texts: I started local bitcoind client. And started it as RPC server. I know that i able to get balance only for my account address. But how i can work with all existing addresses? How i can get balances and txs? Maybe exist some db for this?


texts: Are transactions with an insufficient value marked as "failure"?

texts:
I have made a payment with an installed CardGate(curopayments.com) bitcoin gateway on a site, got a unique deposit adres, i sent a bit less than actual asked. The problem now is that the site owner says he didn't receive any payment because this occured.

Does anyone recognise this, and where is are my bitcoins?

This is a screenshot he sent of his CardGate admin panel


texts: Weird script stack entries at block #227837?

texts:
At block 227837 , the coinbase TX

  e35ca7413b61397a49551fea6ebb540988afcf4a2d0e750773d38eb11b138f40

has the following script:

  03fd790304000037e4124d696e656420627920425443204775696c6408000000fb00001e0b

Which translates to:

03 = push the next 3 bytes to the stack ==> ok
fd7903 , the 3 bytes which are the block height ==> ok
04 = push the next 4 bytes to the stack ==> ok
000037e4 , the 4 bytes which are pushed to the stack ==> what's that?
12 == push the next 18 bytes to the stack ==> ok
4d696e656420627920425443204775696c64 = "Mined by BTC Guild" ==> ok
08 == push the next 8 bytes to the stack ==> ok
000000fb00001e0b ==> what's that?

So, what is the meaning of "000037e4" and "000000fb00001e0b"? Are they just some pool related nonce bytes, or is there a deeper meaning related to the signature?


texts: Verification of transaction once trasaction is broadcasted

texts:
I have few doubts regarding verification of transaction and am trying to find answers from last few days. I agree similar post exist in this portal but I am not getting satisfactory answer for my questions. Its also fine if you can paste link which has detailed analysis of transaction verification if its annoying to answer same questions again and again.

1) Since block is created after constant number of transactions is it the case that, until that number of transactions are accumulated all transactions remains on hold?

2) Since there is only one coinbase transaction per block does this mean that all the rewards are accumulated in single transaction and then distributed among the winners?

3) When transaction is verified what exactly it verifies and how it verifies ?
Here major part of my confusion is. As per my understanding it checks each and every transaction from beginning of time by verifying signatures to check whether given transactions are unspent or not which I feel is unpractical.

Thanks for your time


texts: How to compute double sha256 shown in examples of bip 143?


texts: Where can I find resources for programmers to understand Bitcoin?

texts:
I am a senior Python developer.

Recently I came across to the need of fully understanding how bitcoin works on it's core. The Internet is full of explanations and tutorials for regular folks and even dummies. You can get familiarized with it pretty well if all you care is basic understanding, so that you could start using it.

But I am in a different business here... I want to know exactly what data is being sent to the net on every event of bitcoin currency? How it's being sent? How it's being received? What exact calculations and code is being executed on miners? What code is executed on wallet owners... etc?

Can somebody come up with a decent programmer oriented step by step explanation/tutorial on this?


texts: Is bitcoin running over a structured or unstructured overlay?

texts:
How nodes are being admitted to the system? Does each node have a sequential unique address?

In other words, are bitcoin nodes considered structured or unstructured?


texts: Comparing UTXO transactions with Accounts transactions

texts:
I have seen few websites that compare number of transactions and fees between Bitcoin and Ethereum.
Examples: https://www.flippening.watch/ and https://cryptofees.info/
What does the high number of transactions and fees indicate for a network in this comparison? Does it mean one is used more and better than other?


texts: Based on my understanding, blockchains are stored on each node. Each node has a copy of the current blockchain and are updated whenever there is a new valid transaction. But what if all nodes stopped working? For example, there are 1,000 people currently using bitcoin. What if the computers of these 1,000 people stopped working? What will happen to the network? What if there is a new person not included in that original group of 1,000 people tried to run a blockchain client?


texts: Will the lightning network reduce BTC Liquidity due to "locking-up" funds in channels?

texts: How will people be able to buy and sell their BTC if all of it is locked inside Lightning channels?


texts: What existing businesses or products does Bitcoin compete with?

texts:
I'm trying to understand who sees Bitcoin as competition to their main product.  For example, I've heard that Bitcoin competes with:

Swiss numbered bank accounts
Deflationary PMs (precious metals)
Money transfers like Western Union, Paypal, SWIFT

What other businesses or "thing" does Bitcoin compete with?


texts: How to build Merkle root from merkle branches?

texts:
Is there any help/tutorial on how to build the Merkle root from stratum data?

The Slushpool's stratum protocol has an example of a mining job but it does not contain any Merkle branches and I don't know if I am generating the Merkle root correctly.

Here is the string from Slushpool:

{"params": ["bf", "4d16b6f85af6e2198f44ae2a6de67f78487ae5611b77c6c0440b921e00000000",
"01000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffff20020862062f503253482f04b8864e5008",
"072f736c7573682f000000000100f2052a010000001976a914d23fcdf86f7e756a64a7a9688ef9903327048ed988ac00000000", [],
"00000002", "1c2ac4af", "504e86b9", false], "id": null, "method": "mining.notify"}


texts:
I know that using SIGHASH_NONE in signatures is safe for a transaction only if at least one of the inputs is signed with SIGHASH_ALL, so that a miner can't change the outputs and reclaim the inputs.
This kind of transaction is useful when the parties signing their inputs want to leave the capability to decide the outputs to a trusted coordinator.

Let's now suppose that we have a transaction consisting of inputs using P2SH address implementing a 2of2 multisig signature scheme.
Since two signatures are required for each input, what does it happen if one of the signatures is made with SIGHASH_NONE and the second one with SIGHASH_ALL?

My understanding is that the party signing with SIGHASH_NONE leaves the capability to the cosigner to choose the outputs at will and the resulting transaction will be safe (from malicious miners) since all inputs are signed also with one SIGHASH_ALL signature.

Is that correct?


texts: What's the best way to integrate bitcoin API's into a wordpress site?

texts: I'm fairly new to coding, I understand the philosophy but I'm lacking practical application. Does anyone know any practical guides that will help me? I've completed most codeacademy courses.


texts: What is considered to be sufficient anonymity set?

texts:
We know that 2 is insufficient and 10,000 is more than enough.

We also know JoinMarket can achieve about 2-6, Monero 2-3, but there all transactions are mixed, so they add up, CoinJoin can do 400-ish, but 50-100-ish is more realistic.

What kind of practical or theoretical approaches there are those can help decide what anonymity set should a developer/researcher aim for?


texts: Can transaction id be used to verify a transaction?

texts:
I have seen alot of questions here on "Transaction Malleability issue". Editing of transaction id can be done by miners or nodes which relay the transaction.
What I want to know is

whether the tx_id can be used to verify whether a transfer occurred successfully or not?
Is the issue restricted to bitcoin only? What are other coins in which transaction malleability can occur ?
Will it be solved in future upgrades of bitcoin core ?
Can tx_id be used to retrieve raw transaction info (as it is public) ?


texts:
How do I get to the value in the 'scriptPubKey' part of the transaction ?

The sender knows only the address (1A3XjcuZmcszX2tGoVn1TrMNchuHwdAxZV) so how did he get into 63339ebf4914d964fbc729b0dc4c1a44c4fb8f80 ?
I've tried ripemd160(sha256(address)) didn't work .
I've tried sha256(sha256(address)) didn't work.


texts: Best practice for sending btcs with fees trough bitcoind api

texts:
i am building service which will recieve exact amount of bitcoins and then devide it for two users and send it to them. For ex.

Recieve: 10BTC
To user A: 5BTC
To user B: 5BTC

Obviously i can't send through "sendfrom" exactly 5BTC because it will spend something like 5.0005.

My first solution was to hardcode .0005 fee and send amount with substracted fee. But its far away from perfect and will not reflect fee algo future changes.

So whats best practice processing this kind of transactions in this moment?

Is there way to ask bitcoind what fee will be for exact transaction or tell bitcoind to substract fee from sending amount?


texts:
I'm trying to send some bitcoins using bitcoin-cli API, but bitcoin core tells me that Fallbackfee is disabled. How can I set a value for fallbackfee?
I've tried to specify it like
 bitcoin-cli sendtoaddress -fallbackfee=someValue but it didn't work.
 I've also set true for substractfeefromamount and false for replaceable


texts: How would I push a negative number with OPCODES onto the stack?

texts:
If the user wants to push -10 onto the stack.

Would I do "10 OP_NEGATE" ?

Or could I convert it to the hex value by doing 0x80 + 10 = 0X8A ?


texts: does blockchain.info have everyone's private key?

texts:
I'm looking at blockchain.info's FAQ page, and they describe the wallet creation scheme here: https://blockchain.info/wallet/technical-faq (please scroll down to the Please describe the wallet creation routine. section)

Because their wallet encoding tool is in Javascript, which is clientside, the user can trust that the encryption key cannot be on the server because Javascript must be all clientside code?

Is there any server side method in which the site could maliciously collect this data, therefore compromising blockchain.info's integrity?

Could blockchain.info suddenly change a line of code in their javascript, for say, a few minutes, and begin storing the pre-encrypted data into their servers without many people noticing? They could use this method to collect private keys from random samples of people, and would likely get away with it.


texts: Bitcoind Testnet time/timereceived constantly changing?

texts:
I've got a small question: over a week ago I did some transactions on the Bitcoin testnet as I am developing a new GUI header for full nodes. When continuing development today, I noticed that when running the command 'listtransactions' the fields 'time' and 'timereceived' are different from what they were last week.

When checking the transaction ID on this website, it shows the date corresponding with what I receive when using listtransactions.

Can anyone explain to me why the time/timereceived fields changed and why they are so far off from when I actually did the transaction?

Some additional info:

I started my node on the testnet today for the first time since a
week
Actual transaction happened last week on (I think) tuesday
around 13:00 Amsterdam time


texts:
I'm having a hard time trying to find exchanges with demo accounts.

Any suggestions?


texts:
i haven't read the source code for bitcoind, but i want to know if it downloads bad blocks which will later be rejected by the network (and presumably later removed from bitcoind's block files)?

i have a script which parses block files into a database and if a block is in the files at one point in time, then gets removed later then my script (as it currently stands) will end up importing the incorrect block.

if bitcoind does download bad blocks, how should i avoid importing these into my database? should i just wait and never import the latest, say, 5 blocks?


texts: How to make totally secure Bitcoin transactions?

texts:
So, I'm wondering if my system of protecting my bitcoin is totally secure.

If I have an old laptop, and I boot into tails linux from a flash drive, and download electrum on there, and only ever connect to the internet at my home WiFi, and only ever visit Coinbase (GDAX) and Gmail, are their opportunities to steal my bitcoin?

Is there hardware risk? Would I need to wipe the drive completely, or can I purchase a hardware wallet that transacts without connecting to a laptop?

Is there WiFi risk, or are Electrum, Coinbase, and Gmail all encrypted connections so it wouldn't even matter if there were a man in the middle? (am I confusing things here?)

Is there risk with Electrum? Should I download the core Bitcoin client instead?

Obviously no cameras or microphones in the room when you use the dedicated laptop, right?


texts:
I've got a PeerCoin pool which was working great, and I realized that I didn't set the confirmations to 520, but instead I had them set to 120 and now I've got a message stating the following:

We are investingating issues in the backend. Your shares and hashrate are safe and we will fix things ASAP.

Payouts disabled, you will not receive any coins to your offline wallet for the time being

I've found a block.  I went back and set the confirmations to 520 in both the MPOS and stratum server config files.  I rebooted the server but I'm still getting the message because I think that the payouts where run with the wrong confirmations.  How can I reset this so that payouts will run again with the confirmations?

Thanks in advance.


texts: How can I extract the values of all UTXO for a specific section of the blockchain?

texts:
I'm working on some statistics concerning the distribution of the UTXO set. I'm especially interested in the values of the UTXO, and would perhaps like to limit extraction to certain sections of the blockchain.

Is there already a tool or script that lets me extract UTXO data?


texts: How does blockchain.info calculate the "Estimated Transaction Value?"

texts:
Consider the following transaction:

https://blockchain.info/tx/aa5eb27652bd85dc444ea2508bf0ff6ff1b484141e2d7e69f31976fafb21e06e

Each of the output addresses has never before been used, and there is only one input address. Why does blockchain.info guess that 0.7695 BTC has been transacted with 3.7216 BTC as change rather than the reverse (see "Estimated BTC Transacted")? Does it just pick the second address as the change address?

In other cases, I am able to guess similarly to blockchain.info, for example:

(1) If multiple input addresses are used, the change address should not be greater than the lowest input address (unless, of course, this is being purposely obfuscated).

(2) If both of the output addresses have been used before, they may run a degrees-of-separation query to try to connect one of the output addresses more closely to the input addresses, more closely identifying it with the input addresses and therefore as the change address.

(3) If only one of the output addresses has been used before, it is more likely to be the change address according to the heuristic in (2) because by definition the used address is more closely "connected" than an address that has never been used.

But what heuristic could be used if each of the output address is new? The spending pattern of the input address? Randomness? Thoughts?

You can see how this question affects views of the total/daily volume on Bitcoin in aggregate by comparing/contrasting both of the "Estimated Transaction Volume" charts available on http://www.blockchain.info/charts. They claim the second chart adjusts for change, but provide no details about the algorithm.


texts: Can the Bitcoin client be used without any incoming ports being opened?

texts:
I am running bitcoind on the latest Ubuntu 12.10 Quantal Quetzel on amazon's EC2 network.

The security group I have attached to the box only allows port 22 so I can login via ssh.

How is bitcoind able to operate, then?

I started up bitcoind and it says it has 8 connections and is actively downloading blocks... but how? When port 22 is the only opened port on my box?
-confused


texts: Issue with the BitcoinJ for Litecoin. Which dependency can be used for Litecoin?

texts:
I've created a crypto-currency wallet for Bitcoin using BitcoinJ. Now I want to add Litecoin in this wallet. How to implement BitcoinJ dependency for Litecoin?
While using BitcoinJ for both Litecoin and Bitcoin, I was getting blockchain of Bitcoin for both the addresses. What should I do so that I can get Bicoin blockchain for Bitcoin address and Litecoin blockchain for Litecoin address?

here is dependency which is I used>>>

  implementation 'org.bitcoinj:bitcoinj-core:0.14.7'

here is my code for bitcoin blockchain download initialisation>>>

  public void initWallet() {
    ECKey key;
    String btcpri =
     "cxxxxxre75ENAnpGjUr8EEdP2kxtvk1r65nTydnM954n4WxxxxxM";
    if (btcpri.length() == 51 || btcpri.length() == 52) {
        DumpedPrivateKey dumpedPrivateKey =
        DumpedPrivateKey.fromBase58(params, btcpri);
        key = dumpedPrivateKey.getKey();
    } else {
        BigInteger privKey = Base58.decodeToBigInteger(btcpri);
        key = ECKey.fromPrivate(privKey);
    }
    Log.e("key ", String.valueOf(key));
    setBtcSDKThread();
    BriefLogFormatter.init();

    kit = new WalletAppKit(params, file, "btc_justbitcoin") {
        @Override
        protected void onSetupCompleted() {
            wallet().importKey(key);
            setupWalletListeners(wallet());
            Log.e("Address ",
            String.valueOf(wallet().freshReceiveAddress()));
        }
    };
    kit.setBlockingStartup(false);
    kit.startAsync();
    kit.awaitRunning();
 }


texts: btc transaction show all btc moved from wallet

texts:
I transfered a small amount of btc from my private wallet with bitcoin core client. When I check blockchain.info I see the transaction with the amount of btc i transferred going to the correct address. But I also see the rest of the BTC in my wallet going to an unknown address.

Is it supposed to do this, or have I been hacked?


texts:
While experimenting with importing addresses and keys via json rpc I noticed that importing an address twice triggers two rescans. This strikes me as very odd. My question is:

Is this intended behaviour and if so, what is the reasoning behind it?
OR: Is this a bug? If so, is it a known bug?


texts: If you download the bitcoin blockchain via a torrent, can you then prune it?

texts: I want to get started as quick as possible and it seems torrenting is the fastest way, but I'm curious if I can then prune?


texts: Where does the random number come in to play when signing a transaction?

texts:
Just given all the news about this topic lately (Android security flaw), I'm curious about WHERE and WHY the random number is used during the signing of a transaction.

I always thought a transaction was signed by just hashing the prev_out** and then encrypting that hash with the private key, so when it is published along side the public key it can be verified by other nodes.

**(maybe I need more clarity here too: is the ENTIRE previous transaction  hashed at this point, or just one the input being used in the prev_out?)


texts: Why has this blockchain transaction not confirmed?

texts:
ea5ee0a3734356a71b2b39deafb656715bad42fb297497f7f694d4a7a0f6335c

Is due to the fee being low 0.0001? or something else?


texts: How to cash out a Bitcoin wallet into fiat anonymously?

texts:
If bitcoin is converted to fiat money on an exchange, the exchange has irrefutable knowledge of your identity because they require the account name and bank account name to match.
The only way to anonymize a withdrawal of bitcoin-converted fiat would be to first transfer a non-exchange bitcoin wallet to the exchange-based bitcoin wallet using a bitcoin tumbler or mixer so that it looks clean. It would longer matter whether account names match to the withdrawer because the exchange, at least, would no longer know the real source of the funds. However, the fiat is still associated with your name. So the tumbler approach is not really anonymization, but merely anonymization of the source.
How else can bitcoin-sourced fiat be withdrawn anonymously?


texts: Consistency when multiple blocks are added

texts:
Let's say that 2 miners were able to add a block around the same time. However, when they broadcast their respective blocks to the network, other nodes receive these blocks in arbitrary order. The block that arrives later will be considered invalid because the hash of the previous block will not match up.

How does blockchain ensure that the newly block added is the same one for all the nodes?

EDIT:

Even if everyone is connected to the network this can happen:

Blocks A and B are added at the same time. Then next round C happens on top of A, and D happens on top of B. All nodes will delete the shortest block-tip before they even hear about the other broadcast.

node 1:
chain +A  +C
chain +B  +D

node 2:
chain +B  +D
chain +A  +C

And if this keeps happening, all the nodes will maintain different versions of the blockchain which, in their view is the correct version

node 1:
chain+A+C+...

node 2:
chain+B+D+...


texts: Why are there two byte sizes for timestamps in the Bitcoin protocol?

texts: Reading Block Headers on the Bitcoin wiki, I learned that the timestamp in a block header is four bytes, and the timestamp in the "version" message is eight bytes. Why are there two sizes, and why isn't it more consistent?


texts:
Looking at the Bitcoin source (https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/v0.9.3/src/script.cpp#L843-L847, specifically), I ran into the use of the OP_CODESEPARATOR. Am I right in interpreting this code that it is not always the case that the whole scriptPubKey is signed, but really just the part that is later than the most recent OP_CODESEPARATOR? What happens if an OP_IF causes an OP_CODESEPARATOR to be skipped?
It seems strange to me that the entire scriptPubKey isn't used for signing in all cases, so I'm guessing there is some use case for this that I haven't thought of. Does anyone know what this use case is?
I've read through this bitcointalk thread, but didn't really find any conclusion there.


texts:
I am a little foggy about the Watching Wallet copy in Armory. I have received BTC in my Watching only wallet. Is there anything that I need to do now to get those to the Cold Storage Wallet or is the Cold storage Wallet only needed to sign Spending transactions.  If so then in that Case I assume that the accurate balance in the Cold Wallet does not need to be reflected as it is only used for spending?

Thanks


texts:
I have created an account in a bitcoind wallet which has got some 1.055btc which has to be wiped out to 0.00BTC to another account.  so the actual BTC has to be sent is 1.055 - transaction fee.

Is there any calculation for bitcoin to find transaction fee or any jsonrpc to find estimation fee like ethereum (balance - (gasprice*gaslimit)).


texts: Proof of Work and Proof of Stake - Competitive advantage

texts: It is said that Proof of Stake will be the mainstream consensus mechanism in the long run. Regarding the nature perspective I totally agree. But it has been rumoured that Proof of stake is more democratic way of having consensus since at proof of work mechanism; people who have more money can invest more to hardware so they have the competitive advantage. Again correct but if we think the other way around if you have more money and buy more Ether tokens you are again have the competitive advantage at the Proof of Stake consensus mechanism. OR am I missing something?


texts: Bitcoin-qt database for BitcoinJ downloadBlockChain()

texts:
I am using bitcoinJ to develop a bitcoin based payment module for my project. I have the complete block chain downloaded/in sync with the network on the bitcoin-qt client.
Is there a way I can use this bitcoin-qt blockchain database in my bitcoinJ application rather than waiting downloadBlockChain() method which is taking a huge amount of time.

PS : Any pointers on how long will it take downloadBlockChain() to complete the download?


texts:
In terms of a selfish attack many sources speak of orphaned blocks, i.e. blocks that are not on the main chain and thus not paying any coinbase transaction to its miner. Still I'm not sure and confused by terminology.

Don't we actually mean stale blocks when talking in context of selfish mining?

Despite an answer by Pieter Wuille to a similar question I'm not sure which type would apply to a block outside the best chain in a selfish mining scenario.

Here's an extract to Pieter's answer:

  However, there also exist real orphan blocks, with orphan in its original meaning of "having no parent". These are blocks received by a node that does not have its entire ancestry (yet) and thus cannot be validated. Nodes keep such blocks in memory, while asking their peers to fill in the gap of their history. The client does not show these, so when people talk about orphan blocks, they are most likely referring to extinct blocks. Note that since Bitcoin Core v0.10, there are no such orphan blocks anymore, due to a significant change in the download mechanism.

Furthermore I'd love to know if and which of stale or orphaned blocks are pruned from history? And in what time intervals, if so?


texts: DDoS on big mining pools: a quick way to 51%?

texts:
Slush's Pool, the second biggest mining pool around, is currently down, allegedly due to a DDoS attack:

  News
  16.04.2013
  Pool is under DDoS attack. I'm working on recovering the service back to operation.

This means the entirety of its miners are currently offline, and this for sure lowers the difficulty of gaining 51% of the total network hashing power.

Now, I don't know anything about the hardware/software design of mining pools, how many servers do they employ to centrally manage all miners, how much bandwidth do they have, etc.; but I'm quite sure that nuking one of them would require a lot less computing power than actually obtaining more than 50% of the total Bitcoin network hashing power under its normal operation.

Thus, the question: aren't big mining pools a critical point of failure for the Bitcoin network? If a malicious attacker was to place several of them offline, all of their miners would be instantly disconnected, and then a not-even-so-big mining farm (or maybe a rival pool which engineered the attack in the first place...) could easily overcome the whole network.

How much likely is such a scenario?
How can it be avoided?
Should the Bitcoin community invest more into protecting pools, or, better, make a joint effort into moving from a "few big pools" model to a "many little pools" one, in order to be safer from similar attacks?


texts: Where can the private key from a bitaddress.org paper wallet be redeemed?

texts:
I recently got started by creating a single wallet using bitaddress.org. This contains the public bitcoin address and the private key in the wallet import format.

I now have some coins in there, but don't really understand how to use them.

How can I access/use my bitcoins? How is it possible to make a payment? What are the different options?

Any advice is greatly appreciated!


texts: What happens if full nodes don't check for double spends or deliberately lets a double spend TX pass and then this full node relays the transaction?

texts:
I am studying about Bitcoin and Blockchain tech via the Princeton crypto course, and it mentions that Full nodes do the following checks :

i)transaction is valid with the current blockchain,

ii)whether the scripts matches whitelist,

iii)transaction hasn't been seen before and

iv)doesn't conflict with others its relayed (to avoid double spend).

However, the lecturer also mentioned these checks are not enforced on a node. Lets say a full node may have a full set of of UTXO but still decides to relay a transaction that has been spent before (effectively ignoring the fact that the TX is not on the UTXO pool) , and eventually this TX is relayed around and makes it into a block. Since the miners trust these nodes to verify transactions , wouldn't the TX be put into the consensus chain ?

I understand that the mining process (POW) and resulting block reward can only be  claimed/collected if the block ends up on the long-term consensus branch, but this doesn't safeguard the malicious node behavior as I have explained since miners don't check for double spends.


texts: How can I create and setup an litcoin mining pool?

texts:
I am researching if it is viable to create a mining pool on some closed networks outside of normal operating hours.

Is there a system which can be customise which shows accountability of running such a mining pool?  I want to make sure we can prove the electricity usage and offer a fair reward for all concerned obviously.

We have some participants who have supercomputers handy too, would that cause any complication due to skewing the performance too heavily?

How can we calculate the power needed to mine a single LTC coin (on average)?


texts: How is the balance of a Bitcoin address quickly calculated?

texts:
For what I understand, the balance of a Bitcoin address is the total sum of UTXOs of that address in the entire blockchain.
The current size of the blockchain is around 350GB. How is the total sum of UTXOs for a specific address calculated quickly? I imagine looping over every transaction in the entire blockchain and comparing the UTXO with the given address takes a lot of time. Does the calculation of the balance of a Bitcoin address work like that? And do miners repeat this process for every transaction to check if the available balance of that address enough?


texts:
So our server has bitcond and we have bitcoin on it.

How do we get our bitcoin cash?


texts:
Usually there is an assumption, that a transaction is fully finalized after 6 confirmations, e.g. 6 blocks mined on top of the block, which includes given transaction.

What is the length of largest known reorganization in bitcoin?


texts: How can someone lose funds in Lightning Network?

texts:
In Bitcoin once you own a private key associated with an address that has bitcoins on it, your funds are theoretically safe forever.
But on the Lightning Network, I see that once you send bitcoin to an address there, your funds can somehow disappear. What is the difference with Bitcoin and who or what owns the Bitcoin once they are there?


texts: What are the most notable cases of Bitcoin scams?

texts: Bitcoins can be easily used to scam people out of their money due to the inability to perform charge-backs. What are the most notable cases of Bitcoin scams that are known?


texts:
I would like to download the Bitcoin blockchain and use the data for machine learning purposes. For this, I have to get the data into a workable format like csv or a flat JSON etc.

I've read about approaches and the most common one seems to be through a monkeyDB. Do you know a source code that implements this method? Or do you know other methods that could be used to get the Ethereum blockchain data into a modeling friendly format?

Thanks!


texts: Does bitcoin / blockchain provide any protections similar to credit cards such as chargebacks?

texts:
I understand that if I make a bitcoin payment my purchase is recorded in the blockchain and cannot be reversed. My bitcoins are gone. But all transactions imply a vendor providing a product. So ...

Does the system record and link the record of my bitcoin spend to the product I'm buying? If so, how?
Does bitcoin/blockchain at least record the total transaction such that I have at least a contractual right to the product I've purchased?
How can I be sure I will receive the product I purchased in a timely fashion (or at all)? Why wouldn't the vendor just keep my bitcoin and tell me to get lost?
Consumers use credit cards BECAUSE they are protected against such ripoffs via chargeback and other rules. I gather bitcoin/blockchain doesn't provide such protections. Are we talking about 'caveat emptor' aka let the buyer beware? If so, that's fine for small purchases but sounds hopeless for any purchase where I can't afford to be ripped off.


texts: I forgot where i created my bitcoin wallet

texts:
I have a wallet that contains bitcoin, but I forgot on the site where I made the wallet. anybody know how to find which website location that create my wallet ?
do i need to write the wallet address here?


texts:
When Bitcoin started off, I thought one of the advantages was that there was very little transaction fees. However , now to send bitcoins to another address(exchange independent), I have to set a rate for it to be included in the blockchain. At some point when there are so many transaction, but miners have reduced, would the transaction fee not become very high?

The second question I have is what are the good decentralized exchanges(like bisq), but which do not require any bitcoins for me to start? It seems to be that the price on localbitcoins is pretty high compared to exchange rate. How do I find someone who is ready to sell me some bitcoins at the market rate and avoid exchange fees(different from the transaction fees I talked about earlier in the first question.)


texts: what is "forming a coinbase transaction"?

texts:
So based on this after getting the right information from the pool, you will form a coinbase transaction, But how is it done in C lang.

Does the method above also works for altcoins?


texts: Segwit2x/btc1 block header changes: wipeout protection for SPV nodes?

texts:
Are there any current plans for segwit2x/btc1 to change the block header in a backward-incompatible way, either permanently or with a signal block (e.g., "hard fork bit"), before it goes live? This is sometimes referred to as "wipeout protection."

AFAIK, btc1 will require a large signaling block. The problem is that SPV nodes won't be able to detect it because by definition they avoid downloading entire blocks. In other words, an SPV node knows nothing about block size (and can know very little about block bodies in general).

I have found nothing about this and want to confirm that the plan is really to leave the block header untouched.

If so, it looks like SPV nodes will have no way to distinguish s2x and Bitcoin chains. They will follow whichever chain has the most proof-of-work - even if that chain contains invalid block bodies. This would have serious implications for the security of funds controlled by SPV wallets.


texts: Transaction Status: 0 / not confirmed, not in mempool

texts:
Trying to send BTC, but fail. The transaction is not in mempool.

What to do with these and how to solve the problem?

I already returned BTC canceled the transaction


texts: Maintaining Tor hidden service onion address over new hardware

texts:
My bitcoin Tor node recently suffered a hard disk failure. After changing the hardware, re-installing Linux and bitcoind, setting up Tor for a hidden service, I realized (obviously !) that my external onion address had to change. So my question is: what do I need to do to ensure I keep the same onion address the next time my node suffers unrecoverable failure? Looking at the directory /var/lib/tor/bitcoin_service, I can see two files hostname and private_key where the former does contain my onion address (which I think is related to my private key). So I am guessing all I need to do is back up these files and restore them in my new system (while setting up /etc/tor/torrc and bitcoin.conf appropriately of course, as explained here). Do I need more?

EDIT: it seems that simply importing the files hostname and private_key into a new system (having properly defined /etc/tor/torrc and bitcoin.conf) does not work (the node fails to connect to Tor network). So Tor probably maintains additional state apart from these two files. So the question remains open: how to set up a new system so as to keep existing onion address.


texts: Where can I find the miniscript policy language specification?

texts:
I would like to understand how miniscript works by coding it myself. As I started studying it, I realized that miniscript is more or less a 1-for-1 abstraction of a subset of Script and that the policy language implementation would shed more light on how miniscript is beneficial.

I haven't found any specification on how the policy language to miniscript language compilation works, just what I've found here: http://bitcoin.sipa.be/miniscript/

Besides the raw code, is there a description of how the policy language compiles to miniscript?


texts: Downloaded bitcoin core and it says synchronising with network, how do I get it to download the blockchain?

texts: I downloaded Bitcoin core today, and my got an address for my friend to send me some bitcoins. He sent them, and I didn't realise I should have waited until the blockchain downloaded, and this can take some time. My problem is, at the bottom (iOS) it just says 'synchronizing with network' and that's it? The bar is empty (not green or anything) and it hasn't downloaded anything yet. Could someone please help me!! I'm extremely worried I've lost the money my friend sent :(


texts: What key derivation function uses Electrum / how generates private key?

texts:
I know some brain wallets are using scrypt as the key derivation function and AFAIK scrypt is a good derivation function as it is deliberately slow and makes use of big amount of both CPU and Memory, difficulting brute force attacks.

But I couldn't find which derivation function is actually using Electrum wallet or how does it generate the private key.

Finally, how secure is to generate a wallet in Electrum style from 2048-word list compared to a brain wallet? Apparently to me, it looks like generating the key from a limited set of words would be less secure than doing it from a free-passphrase... how it really is?


texts: How does a wallet rebuild itself from its seed?

texts: How does it identify the addresses and transactions on the blockchain in order to rebuild the history of that wallet?


texts: i am new to this bitcoin universe and signed up on a website called genesis mining, a form of cloud mining. it asked for my bitcoin wallet address but can't find it no where in the bitcoin wallet app or the program i downloaded, does anyone whom have the app or software know where to go to find your wallet address? I search everywhere on both programs to no luck at all.


texts: JSON RPC call from webpage to Bitcoin Core

texts:
I want to make API calls to my Bitcoin Core wallet from my webpage but when I try to connect it gives me Internal Server Error

I'm using easybitcoin.php JSON from Github.

I'm trying with this JSON RPC call:

require_once('easybitcoin.php');
    $bitcoin = new Bitcoin('myusername','mypassword','myip','8332');
    $bitcoin->getinfo();

My bitcoin.conf file has:

listen=1
maxconnections=15
server=1
daemon=1
rpcuser=myusername
rpcpassword=mypassword
rpcclienttimeout=60
rpcport=8332
rpcallowip=0.0.0.0/0 (Before I put my IP address here but it didn't solve too)

When I use bitcoin-cli.exe client to send commands to my Bitcoin Core server via 127.0.0.1 (localhost) it works perfectly.

What I'm doing wrong?


texts: Why is the block size is not filled with transactions?

texts:
Since a miner can acquire the fees from the transactions in a block, the miner should package as many transactions as possible in a block.
However, I recently found a block (blocknum: 602297) with a relatively smaller size, whose size is only 134 kB.

More details about the block can be found in block: 602297.

Why does it not contain more transactions to earn more fees?


texts: I was scammed in march, but it showed where in bitcoin wallet app that there was 750 in bitcoin cash i neen help of retriving it

texts: I was scammed in May and I saw in my bitcoin wallet app that there was 770 dollars in there how can I retrieve it


texts: Can a shorter chain overcome a longer one?

texts: Could a dominating chain fork actually be shorter (in blocks) than its abandoned predecessor? Under what circumstances could this happen?


texts: MultiBit got progressively slower after adding more receive addresses

texts:
At first, MultiBit was all snappy. Over the course of about 4 weeks I added ~120 more receive addresses. Now, MultiBit is very sluggish, grinding the hard-drive excessively (sometimes for minutes), especially when sending payments or when exiting the program. Today, it displayed a message in the status bar that it couldn't open the wallet and that it will use some rolling backup. After that, it resynchronized for about an hour.

I worry that if things continue this way I will be faced with catastrophic data and money loss.

Do you have any hints on why this might happen or whether I could migrate to another more reliable wallet software which could import all my addresses?


texts:
Mailed in cash with postal envelope. Website started acknowledging receipt via postal delivery 3 weeks since. Blockchain within 3 hours of "caught up". Yet no bitcoins.

Is it a scam?

Cash amount was small, should not pose problem. Was what you call "pilot test" and had bitcoins arrived promptly would be followed with larger purchase.


texts: Bought BTC from Blockchain but Received Less Than Expected

texts:
Recently, I bought £350 worth of bitcoins back when they where £37 the other day. They've taken over a day to get through to me and when I have received them I only have 7.7 (compared to the 9.1 that I need). I appears they have charged me at today's prices instead of the ones that where the current price the other day. Even though when I purchased the coins it said I was buying £350@37 a coin.

Is it normal practice to do this?


texts:
I have a scenario as follows:

In a company, there is a manager and three employees. The multisig signature will be redeemed by the manager combined with one of the employees.
However, only the manager, or only the employees with enough number of signatures will not be able to redeem the transaction
The order of the signatures should not matter
Assume my_public_key is manager_public_key

My solution was: [OP_2DUP, my_public_key, OP_CHECKSIG, OP_IF, OP_DROP, OP_ELSE, my_public_key, OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY, OP_SWAP, OP_ENDIF, OP_DROP, OP_1, employee1_public_key, employee2_public_key, employee3_public_key, OP_3, OP_CHECKMULTISIG]
So I tried to shorten the script in order to have less bit in a transaction by using alt-stack.
My suggested solution is just to duplicate the my_public_key and push it into the alt-stack and whenever I need it later, I can pop it from the alt-stack and use it. So by the final script I should deduct the script by one public key.
Suggested solution: [OP_2DUP, my_public_key, OP_DUP, OP_TOALTSTACK, OP_CHECKSIG, OP_IF, OP_DROP, OP_ELSE, OP_FROMALTSTACK, OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY, OP_SWAP, OP_ENDIF, OP_DROP, OP_1, employee1_public_key, employee2_public_key, employee3_public_key, OP_3, OP_CHECKMULTISIG]
My suggested solution gives reference error.
I would be happy if anyone can help me.
Error:
{"error": "Error validating transaction: Rejected script for input 0 referencing 5f026fb3260c809d446740917bca4aa0e8633f64ec86fc8a4c5e23979f1578ba at 0.."}
Input script:
[OP_0, manager_sig,employee_sig]


texts:
I try to send transaction via sendrawtransaction in console of bitcoind.

Sig is:

  30440220494800937E4ECB15319266127A0334E94D25DFD2F594E8F846A3E7B5F36C362B0220750237958D23D390E6137B251399C5A5CE335DEC850D99A090EF3CC43259E5E301

bitcoind answer is:

  16: mandatory-script-verify-flag-failed (Non-canonical DER signature) (code -26)

Who knows why?

TX raw:

  0100000001A000000008A4730440220494800937E4ECB15319266127A0334E94D25DFD2F594E8F846A3E7B5F36C362B0220750237958D23D390E6137B251399C5A5CE335DEC850D99A090EF3CC43259E5E3014104BFFFFFFFF01C1976A914D88AC0000000001000000

A = 32 bytes of TXhash of "from" transaction

B = 64 bytes of my public key

C = 8 bytes value of BTC that I try to send

D = 20 bytes of "to" address


texts: What happens if the block's generated are exactly 10 minutes?

texts: My understanding is that every 2016 blocks, the average block time is taken. If it is less than 10 minutes, network ramps up the difficulty. Is there a possibility where the average block time is exactly 10 minutes. What happens in such case?


texts: What is the absolute smallest size of the data (bytes) that a blockchain transaction could possibly be?

texts:
I am looking into completing blockchain transactions over an extremely limited data transport channel. Think even more limited than a satellite connection. The maximum payload I can send at any one time is only 256 bytes. Does anyone here think it would be possible to send a payment transaction to be registered in the blockchain within that single payload?

I'm new to blockchain, so forgive me if this is a very basic question, but I'd like to understand precisely what components need to be sent, which I believe are (coins, recipient, signature) and that's it? Could someone give me more detail as to how many bytes each of these pieces of data would be on the Bitcoin network? If you can think of any network which is more compressed/efficient I would appreciate a pointer there too.

If Bitcoin or no other chain fits within the 256 byte payload to send what it needs to, can you think of any way of making things smaller/compressed? Perhaps hashing some of those values even further in a pre-determined way through an originating application that we can then "unhash/decompress" on the other side with the same properly configured receiving application to regenerate the proper data before being submitted to the chain?

Thank you!
JP


texts: My private key has compressed public keys; how do I know how much coin I have?

texts:
I exported my private key to my desktop, then I tried to copy/paste to another wallet, it is multibit, or bitcoin, from mining back in 2013, 2014, 2015. I'm stuck and don't know how much coin I have. I have synced my wallets a few times, it takes a while, but still shows no coin.

I'm not real educated in all this, I'm learning on my own as I go; any detailed guidance on what to do, or any help at all would be really great. Maybe a better way to ask is: how do I export a private key from a multibit wallet, the private key is 52 characters, meaning it contains compressed public keys, should I import to a bitcoin cash wallet? If so, how do I do that?


texts: Is the whole idea of proof of work or proof of stake quite unnecessary and superfluous for cyptocurrencies?

texts:
I only have a vague idea of proof of stake, but I think I reasonably understand proof of work. In the case of bitcoin, the whole hash thing business has to be combined with a mechanism to increase the difficulty according a certain time calculation. Now this difficulty/time calculation is merely a matter of good faith, and hope that a majority abides by it. If you look a bit deeper, the whole hash function itself relies on good faith, also called the 51% risk/attack whatever.

And hence you have currencies like ripple, which are just faith (maybe one degree higher compared to bitcoin and ethereum) as far as I can see, without any hash or other garnishing. This does seem to be equally functional. So did Satoshi over-design bitcoin? Does this suggest that a whole new generation of minimalistic cryptos will completely sweep away bitcoin, ethereum and the likes?