texts: (Mastering Bitcoin) When sending a raw transaction, why is the receiver included in the details hash as a "send" transaction?

texts:
I'm working my way through Mastering Bitcoin. The author made a transaction to send 0.05 BTC from one address to another (http://chainquery.com/bitcoin-api/getrawtransaction/ae74538baa914f3799081ba78429d5d84f36a0127438e9f721dff584ac17b346/1)

In the book, he runs the following command to get the transaction details:

bitcoin-cli gettransaction ae74538baa914f3799081ba78429d5d84f36a0127438e9f721dff584ac17b346

The JSONRPC returns the following object:

{
   "details":[
      {
         "account":"",
         "address":"1LnfTndy3qzXGN19Jwscj1T8LR3MVe3JDb",
         "category":"send",
         "amount":-0.02500000,
         "fee":-0.00050000
      },
      {
         "account":"",
         "address":"1hvzSofGwT8cjb8JU7nBsCSfEVQX5u9CL",
         "category":"send",
         "amount":-0.02450000,
         "fee":-0.00050000
      },
      {
         "account":"",
         "address":"1LnfTndy3qzXGN19Jwscj1T8LR3MVe3JDb",
         "category":"receive",
         "amount":0.02500000
      },
      {
         "account":"",
         "address":"1hvzSofGwT8cjb8JU7nBsCSfEVQX5u9CL",
         "category":"receive",
         "amount":0.02450000
      }
   ]
}

Why is there an object with the receiving address (1hvzSofGwT8cjb8JU7nBsCSfEVQX5u9CL) with the category "send"?

Shouldn't there only be 3 objects nested under "details" (i.e. 1 input and 2 outputs)?


texts:
I am trying to get a txId from a transaction without any bitcoin libraries. I can use low level libries though such as crypto, sha256 and so on.
I have a class which contains version, vins, vouts, locktime. How do I get txId from these ? since vins and vouts are an array, I can't just sum them up and then put them in sha256..
I am using node.


texts: Can I use wallet balance in satoshis as input for transaction builder ( bitcoinjs-lib )?

texts:
Can I use wallet balance in satoshis as input for transaction builder using bitcoinjs-lib ?

If yes, how?


texts:
When I run bitcoin-qt on Ubuntu 12.04, I see this:

As you can see, there is no menu on the top menu bar.  There is the "beginning" of a menu with the word "Bitcoin" but there are no "File", "Settings", or "Help" menu titles.  Clicking on the word "Bitcoin" in the menu bar does nothing.

According to this it seems there should be a menu.

How do I get the menu to work?


texts: How to determine if a public key point y is negative or positive, odd or even?

texts:
Take a bitcoin public key (x, y) and its additive inverse (x, -y). How do you identify which is the positive point and which is the negative point?

Example

Private key 1 -> (x, y)

x =  0x79be667ef9dcbbac55a06295ce870b07029bfcdb2dce28d959f2815b16f81798L

y =  0x483ada7726a3c4655da4fbfc0e1108a8fd17b448a68554199c47d08ffb10d4b8L

-y =  0xb7c52588d95c3b9aa25b0403f1eef75702e84bb7597aabe663b82f6f04ef2777L

Private key 2 -> (x, y)

x =  0xc6047f9441ed7d6d3045406e95c07cd85c778e4b8cef3ca7abac09b95c709ee5L

y =  0x1ae168fea63dc339a3c58419466ceaeef7f632653266d0e1236431a950cfe52aL

-y =  0xe51e970159c23cc65c3a7be6b99315110809cd9acd992f1edc9bce55af301705L

Private key 3 -> (x, y)

x =  0xf9308a019258c31049344f85f89d5229b531c845836f99b08601f113bce036f9L

y =  0x388f7b0f632de8140fe337e62a37f3566500a99934c2231b6cb9fd7584b8e672L

-y =  0xc77084f09cd217ebf01cc819d5c80ca99aff5666cb3ddce4934602897b4715bdL

Also, how can you identify which pub key is odd and which is even?

ex: private key 1 x,y is odd , private key 2 x,y is even


texts:
Given that the majority of bitcoin processing is done in China (source: https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/report-links-74-bitcoin-mining-china-sees-threat-network/), is it possible for a single entity to accomplish double spending (or be forced into accomplishing it by the Chinese government) to make profit for themselves or for the country?

How likely is it for all the separate entities doing the mining in China to be forced into complying and compromising the network's validity and has there ever been credible reports of such a thing occurring on bitcoin's front specifically?


texts: What is needed to get listed on a currency exchange website?

texts: I have no desire to become a licensed MSB/Money Service Business.  That said, what considerations should I have when creating a new virtual currency to be listed on Coinbase, Bitstamp, etc?


texts:
If you're mixing coins to increase your anonymity set does it make have an effect if the destination address is generated with the same private key as the address used to send them out?

Should you ideally create a new private key and then generate a new address to hold your newly mixed BTC?


texts:
Any idea why there is a such a distinct staircase pattern that ends with a giant spike of received data?

Normally the network graph looks random:


texts: Need to do 400 transactions, how do I get them confirmed?

texts:
I tried to send 0.00000001 btc to about 7 addresses, and paid the 0.0001 fee. But it seems like this transaction won't go through ever. Those coins are lost :(.

I have about 400 sponsors, and they should split about 0.05 btc even (and that's quite a lot of money). I'm thinking about sending them 0.0001 btc each, in one single transaction and pay the 0.01 fee or whatever it'll be.

Will that go through? What's the requirement to get transactions confirmed for sure?

Thanks in advance.


texts: Question regarding the number of bytes in an OP_RETURN transaction

texts:
I was reading this very useful explanation of what an OP_RETURN transaction looks like and got tripped up by part of it.

        "hex" : "6a13636861726c6579206c6f766573206865696469"

  This first byte it followed by a byte which represents the length of the rest of the bytes in the scriptPubKey. In this case we see the hex value Ox13, which means there are 19 more bytes.

But there are 38 bytes following the hex value 0x13. Why the discrepency? I'm pretty sure I'm missing something obvious and I'd have asked in a comment on the answer itself but I haven't enough rep points. Thanks in advance.


texts:
Could the 1MB block size limit be replaced with a growth-dependent limit? From what I have read (here, for example) the 1MB limit is to prevent spamming of the blockchain. And if/when Bitcoin becomes more widely adopted we will have to increase the limit so that the network can handle more transactions per second.

Instead, could we have a rule like "blocks can be no larger than 1.5 times the average of the last 100 blocks"? The hope is that we could automate this spam prevention measure while still allowing for growth. Has this idea been considered anywhere else at all?

Maybe this be too large of a protocol change. Would we be able to get everyone to update their nodes to follow the slightly altered protocol?

Thanks!


texts: What is the "certain criteria" to be a valid Bitcoin block?

texts:
I'm looking for information about Bitcoin. And I read this, it's really helpful.

I already asked the question and many of you guys said it's duplicated, and link to the question "What  exactly is the  mining?" or something.

The thing is, I already read it, and I just need some more specific information about criteria.

One of the answer for "What exactly is the mining?" said

"The way Bitcoin makes sure there is only one block chain is by making blocks really hard to produce. So instead of just being able to make blocks at will, miners have to compute a cryptographic hash of the block that meets certain criteria."

In here, the cryptographic hash should meet the certain criteria. And I wonder what it is, and who decided the criteria. I mean, if computers keep mining hash block to get the bitcoin, there should be a certain criteria like it says above.

Hope anyone can answer this question.

Have a nice day.


texts: How to interact with bitcoin node and spend from wallets without storing said wallets on the said node it self?

texts:
I am working currently on a wallet for a customer
the wallet will be provided to his website users and will hole cryptocurrency
once of the coins he wants supported is BTC
when I researched I didn't find much docs and as i can see BTC network is way different from ETH
Now my question for exemple on ETH i can hold my addresses and private keys on one server and send transations using my ETH full node ,the ETH full node has no access to my peivate keys
on BTC I only see solutions where the BTC node stores all the wallets and that's not suitable for me, I wanna keep wallets private keys on a server and only send transactions when i need to using the btc node
can anyone point me to a direction ? what should I use ?
most their backend is in node so javascript libraries will be preferable


texts:
I had this running perfectly and the blockchain was synching and at about 80% completion. I came home from work to a power outage.

I keep seeing to run bitcoin-qt, it doesn't appear that I have that. In /src/ I have bitcoin-cli, bitcoind, and bitcoin-tx. Obviously d is daemon, and -tx isn't what I want either. So I try

bitcoin-cli -datadir=/pi/home/bitcoin/
error: too few parameters (need at least command)


texts: What nodes are best for lessening the risk of loss from a race attack

texts:
A successful race attack is one where the payment recipient's node receives a spend transaction yet the next block that is mined has a different transaction that spends the same coin.  Thus the payment recipient's transaction will not confirm and the recipient never receives the funds.

This is an explicit attack to double spend.  The recommended protection is to not accept payment on 0/unconfirmed if there is no recourse (e.g., an anonymous buyer who makes off with the item traded before the double spend can be detected.)  For some types of businesses (e.g., retail, low-value goods purchased in-person, face-to-face), the risk is acceptable.

The recommendation for the merchant is to disable listening on the client (using -nolisten) and to explicitly connect to a well connected node (using -connect= ).

How does a merchant know which nodes are well-connected.  Because pool mining solves over half the blocks, ideally the well-connected node is one that reaches these pools first, so that if a transaction is relayed by the well-connected node then the odds are it will end up being the transaction mined by a pool even if there was an attempted double-spend.

Are there any nodes that are known to be good for relaying transactions to the pools, and thus preventing a race attack from being successful?


texts: Lightning Node High Availability/High Throughput

texts: Are there any resources/best practises on running a highly available/high throughput lightning node? If my lightning service where to take off, should I be running multiple lightning nodes or a single lightning node? Would it be possible to scale horizontally? Maybe each channel could be managed on a different machine?


texts: Unspent account and additional wallet in a transaction

texts:
I just moved some BTC from one wallet to another.  As I investigated the TX ID, I'm confused by why there are other amounts that aren't what I sent.  In my case I sent .25 BTC, and there are 2 transactions showing up (1 for .25, and another for .7).  The other one says "unspent".

I'm wondering what's going on here, and if there is a simple explanation?


texts: If I was developing a Bitcoin wallet, should I support both legacy and compatibility addresses?

texts:
To receive funds, I was thinking of giving a user the option of displaying two QR codes:

Legacy - p2phk e.g. 1AKDDsfTh8uY4X3ppy1m7jw1fVMBSMkzjP
Compatibility - p2sh(p2wpkh) e.g. 34nSkinWC9rDDJiUY438qQN1JHmGqBHGW7

Is it safe to only give them the option of receiving to a "compatibility" address?


texts: Script for sending funds to a multisig address

texts:
Does sending funds to a multisig address require different script than the one used for ordinary addresses? If yes, how should this script look like? (Under multisig address I mean Bitcoin script hash which starts with 3 instead of 1).

I write a bitcoin library in Scala for research purposes which can be found here: https://github.com/ahahaebat/BitScala. Current code creates correct transactions for ordinary addresses but fails to do so for multisig ones.

Currently the script is the same for both types of addresses:
OP_DUP, OP_HASH160, address_hash, OP_EQUALVERIFY, OP_CHECKSIG

Should I change it somehow for multisig addresses?


texts: How does `bitcoind` generate the private key?

texts:
My question is how the bitcoin core client generates a (master) private key(s)?

I know from other wallets, that they take the mnemonic and generate a HD wallet master key. With the master key, the other keys can be generated.

To my question. How does the bitcoin core software do it? I've never seen a mnemonic there.

Does it use a mnemonic?
I know about the backupwallet command to make a backup.
Is there nothing like a mnemonic I can use? If there isn't, do I have to constantly do backups?


texts: Wallet didn't include fee, transaction stuck on unconfirmed

texts:
My wallet has always automatically included a transaction fee everytime I do a transaction, but this time it didn't and I dont know why. I did everything like I always do and I haven't changed anything that I know of.
So now my transaction have been unconfirmed for 1 day and I've read it's because it didn't include a fee. What should I do now? I can't wait for up to a week for it to get cancelled. :( Need to get them back and redo the transaction or somehow get them confirmed ASAP.

This is the transaction:
https://blockchain.info/tx/af34c93bac12c62f47415e1a419267a2e836e56f4b2c2d170a350f82e4ed639f

Thanks!


texts:
I have set up a node and been running for a few days now and a couple of payments have gone out form it which is good.

These payments are going to a coinbase wallet and there is a local wallet configured for fees and the fee is set to 5%.

I have had 2 payment come out of the system at around 0.002 BTC but no fee payments have been sent to the p2pool wallet.

Are they held to reach a certain amount or are they computed in a different way that on the payout amount.

Thanks.


texts: Download the entire blockchain on Bitcoin cash in order to get your bitcoin cash coins?

texts: Is it required to download the entire blockchain when using bitcoin cash client in order to send out bitcoin cash coins to an exchange?


texts: why is my multi wallet still showing sending /unconfirmed?

texts:
My wallet received bitcoin successfully but it's showing unconfirmed in my end and the other transactions i have sent wouldn't go through .

It's been showing sending for over 24hrs and the address sent to still haven't received the amounts in their wallets.

I need help with this asap please. I am going to attach a screenshot to better understand my predicament.


texts: How to differentiate between mining node and non mining node in bitcoin

texts:
I am trying to understand how does mining traffic looks from non mining ones?
If I try to discover mining node I believe I can look for nodes which broadcast blocks. Is there someway to know which Peer mined and broadcast the block ?

Thanks for help


texts: Bitcoin-Qt wallet is taking forever to synchronise. Can I just use the same address elsewhere to collect coins?

texts: It will take several days before the wallet is in sync. I already purchased a bitcoin and am waiting for it to transfer into my account using the address that was generated by Bitcoin-Qt. Can I just re-divert the Bitcoin to a cloud-based wallet that doesn't need to synchronize?


texts: I am looking to mine bitcoins with ease. But, first, I want to know how can I access an earlier testnet (testnet2). I have future plans to do this. I need to know how to open it up on the command line and I will take it from there. Bitcoin testnet2 has been supressed by the developers and I am curious on how to use it.


texts: What is the point of "Bitcoin Lightning" and "Bitcoin Liquid"?

texts:
Even having been "into" Bitcoin since almost since the start, I constantly find new weird things mentioned which are just apparently taken for granted and exist suddenly and somehow have tons of support and users.
Today I learned about the existence of "Bitcoin Liquid". I had not heard of it ever until today (2021-01-21). Apparently, it's the same thing as "Bitcoin Lightning", in that it's not a separate "altcoin", but somehow "attached to" Bitcoin yet not using the Bitcoin blockchain. This makes no sense to me.
I do know that "Lightning" was touted as a solution when the Bitcoin network was all clogged up with waiting times for transactions a few years ago, but since then, I've not heard one peep of it. Never heard it mentioned at all. I assumed that it was dead. But apparently it still exists, and now "Liquid" also exists. Are they competing against each other?
I find it utterly impossible to figure anything out by reading their official websites, because they always use bombastic wording and list how many groups support them and they are the future and blablabla... Useless information. I want to know neutral, real information. I can't find it anywhere.
What exactly are "Bitcoin Lightning" and "Bitcoin Liquid"? Why do they exist? Why aren't these "BIP"s put into Bitcoin itself? How can they be attached to Bitcoin yet be separate? Is one of them objectively better than the other? Do they solve different problems? Is one of them dead now? Should I be using/bothering with them? Are they an attempt to take over Bitcoin slowly by not being an "altcoin" upfront, but slowly turning away from Bitcoin?
I swear, I could probably sit there and spend my entire life doing nothing but trying to read up on Bitcoin-related stuff and still never have any clue what's going on. It seems like not one day passes without some "revolutionary" and "fantastic" new invention which seems to be little more than a slick website with nonsensical sales talk on it.
I'm looking to get a grasp of the state of Bitcoin and its development. I have no idea how these weird "sidechains" fit into that or why I should pay any attention to them. Maybe it's the best thing ever and makes perfect sense?


texts: What would a new exchange need to be better than the rest?

texts: If a new crypto v crypto exchange were to be built and launched. What would tempt you to use it rather than what you currently use? Or what improvements would you like to see from the way things work now.


texts: How can I recover private key as coins were sent a random generated address on wallet?

texts:
There is a new address where the coins reside and asks for a private key.

How can I send coins from this  new random address without knowing the private key?

Software: http://www.sollico.com/bitwallet/


texts: Generate Bech32 addresses to receive customer funds

texts:
I would like to use Segwit addresses however I seem to be finding mixed information on compatibility. As I currently understand it, older clients will not be able to send to a Bech32 address.
Is this the case?

Per this development guide: https://bitcoincore.org/en/segwit_wallet_dev/
It sounds as if I should be creating P2SH-P2WPKH addresses for accepting deposits.


texts: Are non-SegWit transactions still malleable?

texts: SegWit was (amongst other improvements) introduced to fix malleability issues. Does that mean that non-SegWit transactions are still malleable? If so, what types of malleability could still happen in practice?


texts:
Is there any public benchmarking code and results for Hyperledger Fabric v1.0 blockchain?
IBM claims a transactions rate of 3500 tps, but I am not able to find any public code of the benchmarking experiments.
Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.10228


texts: Do I need to secure my Master Public Key generated from an Electrum wallet?

texts: I have an electrum wallet and have exported the Master Public Key.  What level of security should I use for the MPK?  Should I keep it offline?  Can I keep it in plaintext in an online computer?  Back it up somewhere ( gmail / dropbox )?


texts: What is burning coins, who benefits, and who does it

texts:
Kindly explain. The one that i'm confused is not the "burn" after ICO but rather when its established.

AFAIK "burning" is to decrease circulating supply and (supposed) to increase price (assuming constant demand). I believe this is why investor benefits from the activity.

The requirement to burn is to own the coin and send it to unspendable address. It is clear that the coin is lost. Afterwards, the value of burned coins transformed to an increase in price.

However, who does it? And why they do it if they are losing their possession?


texts: Is it safe to store user's secure pass-code in database with encrypted form while creating bitcoin wallet?

texts:
I would like to create a Bitcoin Wallet.

Part of the process is to store public and private keys in encrypted form in server database.

All keys I am storing is encrypted using user's passcode.

1) Is it safe to store user's passcode in encrypted form in server database.
(Thinking that User might forget his passcode so considering one recovery option)

2) Is there any kind of future possibility that I get in trouble if any kind of attack happens or by action of some intruder/admin itself(worst possibility) - the key reveal to the attacker which will lead access and open up all the pub/priv keys from database of that specific User? This way I can not give forget pass-code option to user.

So considering both option Shall I store User's pass-code or not?

What is the best practice to implement this security feature in bitcoin wallet ?


texts: how do I get list of all "used" addresses in bitcoinj

texts:
Bitcoinj generates receiving addresses on demand and change addresses after each transaction. So how do I list all receiving addresses ? I guess I have to deal with KeyChainGroup and BasicKeyChain. I know how to get all issued receive keys

wallet.getActiveKeyChain().getIssuedReceiveKeys();

but cannot find change keys. So where is getIssuedChangeKeys() method or if there is not such method whta is the reason. I'm trying to imagine how recovery would work if the wallet is restored from seed.


texts: How do cryptocurrency exchanges work with so many currencies at the same time?

texts: To implement automated deposits/withdrawals of a single currency for a business there has to be a lot of code in place specific for that currency. For example if I want to automate sending and receiving bitcoin - I would write an application around bitcoin’s software - bitcoin core. Obviously, there won’t be similar node software for every coin, say Ethereum, would have a different core, if it even has one (it’s an example). Would you need to write a new app that would adapt for that core? Then does it mean that big exchanges write new software that does the same job but for each coin? Where did I go wrong here, or is cryptocurrency development really this complex?


texts: Transactions with a wait time (using nLockTime)

texts:
I'd like to know if there are transactions that can only take place at some predefined moment. In principle, it should be possible to use the parameter nLockTime to wait for a particular block number:

https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_specification#tx

This could be useful in certain contracts, but replacement is not as yet supported:

Why isn't transaction replacement supported?

In any case, it seems you still can, in principle, create a simple, unreplaceable transaction with a wait time.

Is there any example of such a transaction in the blockchain? If not, would it be accepted by the standard client or would it be necessary to convince one miner to include it in one of his/her blocks.

UPDATE: Opened a discussion in https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=131443.0 to delve further.


texts:
I created a new wallet.dat on a dedicated, secured machine with Bitcoin Core.
Then I encrypted it.
Then I sent my "fortune" of coins to it.
Then I backed the file up by putting it on all my disks on my normal PC as well as offline disks.
I even added it to Bitcoin Core on my normal PC, so it now lets me switch between my unencrypted "hot"/"live" wallet and the encrypted "cold" wallet in Bitcoin Core in a very neat manner, allowing me to always look to check that the coins are still there in the "cold" one.
Since I'm afraid to death of losing the encryption password, I did not write it down on physical paper and stick it into the fireproof safe (it could still burn, or get dissolved from water leaking in, or get seized/stolen under gunpoint). Instead, the password is PARTIALLY in various text files backed up on all storage devices I have, including instructions for how to input the rest of the password, which is based on "things that I know very well but others would struggle to guess or find out", such as past pets' nicknames and things like that.
I thought and worried for years before finally coming up with this scheme. To me, it seems like the only sensible solution, having very carefully looked into those hardware wallets and all other (known to me) ways to secure your coins.
My question is: is my "cold" wallet really "cold" if it's literally lying around on my Internet-connected Windows 10 machine, albeit in encrypted form and never decrypted on that machine? Or does it have to always be offline, even if encrypted, to be considered "cold"?


texts: I sent Bitcoin to a Bitcoin Cash eWallet by mistake, what can I do?

texts: By mistake, I sent some Bitcoin to a Bitcoin Cash eWallet. Is there anything that I can do to get it back?


texts: PHP - Bitcoind sets up wrong transaction fee

texts:
I'm using Bitcoin API  EasyBitcoin-PHP

And also i have my custom transaction fee, that i'd like to pay per each Kb. The problem is that when i used bitcoind v.0.10.2 that was fine and i saw my custom fee (0.0002) in each transaction.
But when i've updated to v. 0.13.0 - it just won't work as it should. Here is the simple code, that i'm testing now

$bitcoin = new Bitcoin($user, $password, $host, $port);

$result = $bitcoin->settxfee(0.0002); //returns true
$newTxId = $bitcoin->sendtoaddress('144YsrgtDmRSPC8wUBXLxByCcQAEbV1EUB', 0.001); //returns c3a2fceed1c25624aee8e957c644813bf38808260aad607e623c68e182371ac9

And as you can see in this transaction the fee is 0.000045 BTC, not 0.0002 BTC.

I know, that there was a bug in prev version of bitcoind according to fee rounding, but in new version this bug should be fixed.

Maybe there is another trouble here?


texts: How much Bitcoin will I mine right now with hardware X?

texts: Say I have a given piece of hardware (CPU/GPU). Where can I find out how much Bitcoin will I mine per day?


texts: Matching KeyPath in application with Wallet32 Keypath for Bip44 wallets

texts:
I have an application where I create an HD wallet with a passphrase and save the public master key to the database for the user.

Then, I want the user to be able to back up the wallet to their own wallet, in this case I am using Wallet32. I restore the account in Wallet32, which uses a key path of m/44'/0'/0'/

On my application side, I am creating the keypath like so (in c#):

KeyPath newKeyPath = new KeyPath("44/0/0/0/0" + nextDerivation);
var childKey = pubkey.Derive(newKeyPath);

The nextDerivsation variable just increments with each purchase. When the derived public key is created on the application side, it doesn't match up with a derived public key in wallet32. So, if a payment is made through the application, Wallet32 doesn't pick it up.

I am using the C# NBitcoin library. When I try to add the apostrophes in the keyPath string like so:

KeyPath newKeyPath = new KeyPath("44'/0'/0'/0/0" + nextDerivation);
var childKey = pubkey.Derive(newKeyPath);

Then I get an "invalid input format" error. I am unsure as to whether those apostrophes are necessary or not, but when I input that same derivation path into the Bip32 generator, then I can create the same public keys. I can send a payment to the derived address and wallet32 picks it up.

Can anyone point me in the right direction on what I need to use for the KeyPath in the NBitcoin library to obtain the same results?


texts:
Bitcoins are hard to mine now. I've always wanted to actually earn them, but never actually gotten much of anything. I want to create my own blockchain, separate from any other networks, so that mining will be faster and I'll actually be able to experience the thrill of mining bitcoins.

Will someone give me a suggestion, program link, or what have you re: a private network? I just want to try it. Not a spendable coin fork, just something that I can enjoy watching for a bit.


texts:
Can I start p2pool in shared hosting?  If yes, how to install p2pool ?
I am newbe in this field. What are the pre-requirement for starting pool business ?
 Which is best script for pool ?  Github is down now ?


texts: Do HTLCs get "carried over" in the subsequent commitment transactions?

texts: With regular commitment transactions, current transaction invalidates the previous one. This is fine, since TXs between A and B in their channel happen one after another. However, HTLCs are sort of delayed transactions. How then further transactions can happen without waiting for the secret R? Does it mean that the HTLC contracts get simply "carried over" in the subsequent transactions between A and B?


texts: Pros and Cons of using HDD or USB Flash drive (script mining)?

texts:
Could someone share his/her experience of using USB flash drive over HDD?

I know that the only purpose of both is to store the OS. I am going to use Ubuntu 13.10 which I believe will fit 8 GB USB since it is said to required 5 GB free space.

I am looking for best practices of choosing USB flash drive since like storage and speed requirements(brand may be) and is there any factors (like not enough storage for update/performance/burn/block that can make it clever to chose the HDD instead.


texts: How many Hashes are in a single Terrahash

texts: Im looking at getting an ASIC that runs about 1 Th/s and im wondering how many hashes is equal to a terrahash?


texts: The Stellar network allows users to vote on who will earn its 1% annual STR inflation. I am wondering - is this information publicly available on the Stellar ledger or somewhere else? How can one find out which account voted for who and how big their voting power was at the time of the vote?


texts: Can a Raspberry Pi power 1 USB Asic Miner?

texts: Looking at other setups it seems everyone is running with multiple USB Asic Miners through powered USB Hubs. Can the Raspberry Pi power a single miner through USB? Even using a 2 amp power adapter?


texts: How can wallet software implement automatic channel management for Lightning Network?

texts:
If I'm building a desktop Bitcoin wallet with Lightning support, and I don't want the user to have to worry about channel management, what's the way to achieve that?

I've seen the autopilot solutions for lnd and c-lightning.

I'm currently experimenting with lnd because it's easy to compile for Windows, macOS, and Linux. But lnd's autopilot doesn't seem to be mature enough. And it's not well documented. So I don't know if I should try to use it?

As for c-lightning, how well does its autopilot work? Well, anyway, because c-lightning is in C and its autopilot is in Python, it'll be a heavy lift for me to include them in my app.

So I'm wondering if there might be a simple temporary workaround. Like, what if I hardcode a list of popular nodes and have the app connect to those? Would that work?


texts: C++ code for traverse though all the blocks in blockchain?

texts: In my project for one particular functionality, I want to traverse through all the Transactions. For that purpose I want to traverse through all the blocks in blockchain.


texts: Is there a plug in for credit card charges to be converted automatically into bitcoin

texts:
Is there a trusted payment processor that is secure and is able to do the sequence of actions detailed below?

Accept credit card transactions from customers and apply them to purchasing bitcoin & then
Send the newly purchased bitcoins through a series of e-wallets
Before converting the bitcoins into USD and making a final deposit into the Merchant's bank account of choice

In addition, if there is a more suitable cryptocurrency than bitcoin than I am happy to use an altcoin.


texts: Can the first part of P2WSH witness data use non-push-data operations?

texts:
BIP 141 describes a new kind of authentication template called Pay-to-Witness-Script-Hash (P2WSH).

This template moves challenge and response scripts to witness data. The last element of witness data (serialized "witness script") corresponds to the challenge script that used to be encoded within an output. This script can use any operation, including non-push-data operations.

However, the nature of the first chunk of witness data is less clear. Is this section just deserialized and executed, as with an input script, or is this section just an array of bytes? If the former, can non-push-data operations be performed? Or do operations need to be restricted to push-data only?

In other words, will I be able to encode operations such as OP_DROP, etc into witness data outside of the witness script?


texts: How to setup hd wallet using mnemonics with bitcoin-core?

texts:
I'm currently learning Bitcoin wallets using Bitcoin Core, and I need some guidance and help especially when it comes to mnemonics and hd seeds.
This is what I have read about mnemonics and seeds: bip-0039
Creating wallet
I can create new wallet using the createWallet command. This wallet has hd seed set automatically.

As I understand there is no way to restore mnemonic for such a wallet and the only way to restore it later is to backup hd seed from the file generated by the dumpWallet command?
If I want to be able to use mnemonic I need to generate it myself, transform to hd seed, and then set it using the sethdseed command? Bitcoin Core does not provide any command line tools to do this, and I need to use external tools for this?

HD seed generation
There are multiple tools to generate mnemonics and hd seeds: Online or command line tools like Bitcoin Explorer.
Both these tools for mnemonic: rival hurdle address inspire tenant almost turkey safe asset step lab boy
generate seed: 020b67fd929e0eb9f963443138057ceec0d62601d69b4b2327c00d74f0fd1862d164c53d49227d9dadedbbec305236bc2149d9a5267aa7c5aa004235c3c66c29
The problem I have is that this generated seed is not accepted by sethdseed command. Apparently it is not hd seed.

How to transform this calculated seed to hd seed accepted by sethdseed command?

What are the best practices for generating mnemonics and hd seed completely offline?

Thanks and hope this will help someone in the future.


texts: Are there any mining pools that publish what transactions they will include?

texts:
If some large number of the mining pools started publishing what transactions they are planning on including the danger of accepting a zero confirmation transaction would be reduced dramatically.

Has there been any thought on this that I could read up on?


texts: Property based tests have been added to Bitcoin Core. What are they and could they replace some of the unit tests in Bitcoin Core?

texts:
Property based tests have been added to Bitcoin Core.

This Dev article describes property based tests as randomized unit tests that in some cases could replace unit tests.

"Generally speaking, property-based tests require only a few lines of code (like unit tests), but unlike unit tests they test a different set of inputs each time. Because of this, you end up covering more domain space with roughly the same amount of test code."

Is this a good summary? Could we phase out some of the unit tests in Bitcoin Core and replace them with property based tests?


texts: Two party payment channels, how to set one up?

texts:
Most guides to LN describe it working "through 'payment-channels', wherein two parties commit funds", usually Alice and Bob. But I cannot see a way to actually create this scenario. I've just started running my own lnd node and I can open, and fund, channels to other peers, but this always seems to be a single fund of the channel.
As I say, I've just started out in the LN world so I may have missed something blindingly obvious, but how does one go about funding a channel with my friend Bob?


texts: What are the internal details of GetWork() .. the foundation of Bitcoin mining?

texts:
According to this answer GetWork() sends "a chunk of data containing the block data, including the randomized bits, and the nonce (the bit which the miner changes)."

Can anyone provide details on that logic?  For example:

What transactions are included and which aren't?
What ordering of transactions occur?
Is it likely that multiple solo or pooled miners are mining a different set of transactions?
If latency (or bad network connectivity)  were to cause transactions to be delayed, and added to a fork that is discarded, will they be re-added to the next GetWork() request?


texts: I was surfing on the web and trying to find a chat app that uses Bitcoin address instead of phone numbers or any other identifier. Do you know about any project in this field?


texts: What's the diffrence between these two bitcoin.conf format?

texts:
server=1
listen=1
daemon=1
rpcuser=X
rpcpassword=Q
rpcallowip=localhost
rpcport=Y

And
server=1
rpcuser=X
rpcpassword=Q
rpcallowip=localhost
rpcport=Y

I am a litlle confused, can these two conf file accepts solomining? And what's the difference between them?
Thank you for help


texts: How is it possible that the same WIF Private Key generates two different addresses?

texts:
I am wondering if you can explain this.

I went here:
https://coinb.in/#newSegWit

Created the SegWit Address below:

3ASaGJ8h2bLn6Jha3hncBzXUKRCLyfv9bk

RedeemScript

037fa484e4b870082298d6acca0702a48714323664c647604e6461d4739feb0d9b

Public key

00147a201aa7e1cfb799dcfc2b447a0238421ae2fa60

Private key (WIF key)

KzVonapu3Cf7DaMpaqkUQ9tpsBQPBH7Yk6tXJdvMwuJSy97GK7dc

Then I opened Electrum  v3.1.3 and Imported WIF Pkey above.

And I got this address instead:

1C8ju39MFSPXNqtYDhsuB3Ek45L46dBr3G

So now there are two addresses,  one SegWit (or I think P2SH) starting with 3... and the legacy address from Electrum starting with 1...

Appreciate an explanation of this.

Thank you.


texts:
Below I may be a bit verbose, so that if my understanding is wrong, it will be glaringly obvious.

Consider two external accounts:

The external accounts are used to receive bitcoin. When we search for new balances, we check only the external accounts. No-one should be sending money to your internal accounts except for you.

m/44'/0'/0'/0/0 : External account 0

m/44'/0'/0'/0/1 : External account 1

If both accounts are used in transaction A, Is there any rule that says the change must go to (Internal account 1) or (Internal account 0)?

If after Transaction A, we receive funds at External account zero and it is the only input in the transaction. Do we send the change to (Internal account 0) or the most updated internal account?

I think that if an address keeps sending change to an address, it can indicate that it is a change address, no?


texts: bch transfered to cashadrrs instead of legacy

texts:
I tried to transfer BCH from Coinbase to Ledger Nano S.The nano ledger S gave me a legacy address starting with a (1)
Coinbase sent it out to a cash addr. How can I get a hold of this BCH. Looking on Blockchair I see my transaction. I see my ledger address starting with a 1 and I see the cash addr. starting with a q. Coinbase tells me I have to sync my wallet with the cash addr. Blockchain.

Can anybody help???


texts: Where is the configuration file of Bitcoin-Qt kept?

texts:
I keep getting this error:

EXCEPTION: N5boost16exception_detail10clone_implINS0_19error_info_injectorINS_15
program_options26invalid_config_file_syntaxEEEEE
the options configuration file contains an invalid line 'XXXXXXXXXXX'

Where can I find the bitcoin.conf file?


texts:
I'm looking for a numerical privacy scoring system that estimate the degree of linkage between the members of a key pool (or even just individual key pairs). Ideally, the method should be easy to understand and apply.

I'm aware of "taint analysis" as offered by blockchain.info. There's also discussion in these papers:

Anonymity of Bitcoin Transactions
Evaluating User Privacy in Bitcoin
Privacy-Enhancing Overlays in Bitcoin
Quantitative Analysis of the Full Bitcoin
Transaction Graph

What else has been done to quantitate Bitcoin user privacy? I'm most interested in ways to compute a benchmark score that tells a user how closely linked the the members of a key pool are, or how closely linked two individual key pairs are.


texts: Settling the invoice/payment in lightning while the other party is unresponsive

texts:
Given that Alice wants to pay Bob in the lightning network, Bob first creates an invoice (using the python api) for A as follows:
request = invoicesrpc.AddHoldInvoiceRequest(hash=r_hash, value=30000)
response_hold_B_to_A = stub.AddHoldInvoice(request, metadata=[('macaroon', macaroon)])

and sent the payment request in response_hold_B_to_A to Alice.
Next, Alice sends the payment to Bob as follows:
request = routerrpc.SendPaymentRequest(payment_request="<bob_invoice>", timeout_seconds=10000)
for resp in stub.SendPaymentV2(request, metadata=[('macaroon', macaroon)]): print(resp)

Let say after Alice sends the payment it will go offline, and Bob before the payment time expires releases its preimage of the invoice as follow:
request = invoicesrpc.SettleInvoiceMsg(preimage=r_preimage)
response = stub.SettleInvoice(request, metadata=[('macaroon', macaroon)])

At this point, if Bob checks its channels by executing request = lnrpc.ListChannelsRequest() then the htlc is gone and the channel is inactive and the channel balance is NOT updated; However, if Bob checks the status of the invoice by executing:
request = invoicesrpc.SubscribeSingleInvoiceRequest(r_hash=r_hash)
for response in stub.SubscribeSingleInvoice(request, metadata=[('macaroon', macaroon)])

it shows that state of the payment is SETTLED.
Now if Bob closes the channel (forcefully) then the balance still not reflected.
In summary Bob's channel balance does not change even though he has done everything right.
Can someone please explain what is happening here? and how can Bob get paid in this situation? Should he go on the blockchain with its preimage and if so how would it do it?


texts: Which crypto currencies have shortest payment address?

texts:
Different crypto-currencies have different lengths of payment addresses.

For example, LTC address length is 34 case sensitive letters and numbers.

NXT address length is 20 digits.

Short payment address can be easier to remember, read, write, compare and transmit by phone, which makes it advantage of crypto-currency, making it attractive investment, doesn't it ?


texts: How long does it take to perform a single SHA256?

texts: I'm not talking about hashes/s, but specifically, the amount of time required to perform a single SHA256 on the fastest computers known. How long does a very fast ASIC take to perform one SHA2? Is this evolving as time passes, like the hashrate, or is that value more or less constant, and only the hash/s increases with time?


texts: Why are blocks serialized? and Is there any alternative way?

texts:
Am I right that blocks are serialized because they're supposed to be sent to the network?

If yes, then all the data (regardless whether they are blocks or not) should be serialized. Then why do we mention that explicitly (e.g. in this post)?


texts: How Blockchain ensures transactions are not lost?

texts:
I have a doubt about how the Blockchain system avoids transactions to be lost.

Let me use an easy example:

Let's say there are only 2 mining pools (A and B), which are both trying to find a hash for block 5 to add it to the chain.

Now, A's block 5 can differ from B's block 5 in terms of transactions. E.g. the transaction "Alice buys a coffee for 5 BTC" can be in the block 5 for pool A, but not in block 5 for pool B (e.g. because this transaction arrived later to the node B compared to the node A).

Now, if the winning node for this block is the node B, the transaction "Alice...." won't be stamped in the ledger.

When the competition for the block 5 is over, are the "losing" pools/nodes (in this case the pool A) dropping all the transactions in the block they were working on? and take new transactions from the memory pool?

In this case, if the pools A and B start looking for block 6's hash, the transaction "Alice...." could be in block 6 for pool B, but it WON'T be in block 6 for pool A (pool A dropped this transaction when loosing the "race" for hashing block 5).

What if node A hashes block 6 before B? Now B will drop the transaction in its block 6, so the transaction "Alice...." is disappeared definitely.

Please correct me

Cheers


texts: How is a Butterfly Labs Bitforce Single powered?

texts:
Its website says it uses 80W of power, so that's too much for a USB port. How does it receive it's power?
Can it run on a 240V power supply, or does it need 110V?
Note I'm not asking about the newer "Bitforce Single (SC)", which hasn't been shipped to anyone yet. This the older (FPGA?) hardware that has been sold for some time.


texts: Is Bitcoin the first e-cash scheme which solved the double-spend problem?

texts: Is Bitcoin the first trustless e-cash scheme which solved the double-spend problem? I'm under the impression it is and that was one if its greatest contributions, but I couldn't really find a source to validate that claim. I know it's silly to ask for proof of something not existing, but I'm writing a thesis.


texts: Electrum Wallet: zero mBTC balance after sweeping private address

texts:
Have the newest (3.+) ver. of Electrum Wallet.  I performed the sweep of the private address to acquire BTC from paper wallet .
Wallet menu->Private Keys-> Sweep.  Performed the operation, the screen showed me the entire amount in the paper wallet minus (I assume) transaction fees.

It's been about 12 hrs since sweep, the Electrum shows 0 mBTC balance, History is empty (I checked all addresses generated by Electrum W).  What advice would you have how to proceed from here and check where the funds are?   Electrum W. has rather non-intuitive manual and all the functions I try are giving me no response w.r.t. any incoming funds .


texts:
Installed Copay on an other iPhone, tried to restore wallet, but it does not worked. Balance is 0.00, no transaction listed. What am I doing wrong? I put in the 12 word without any error. Last I send from the amount in 2018 January.

phrase was written in the correct order
use all lowercase letters and no punctuation
did you add a password to your recovery phrase? no
Do you have the QR code or text/file backup? no


texts: I have been using bitcoin-qt for about 7 months without any problems until a few days ago when I launched it and a message popped up saying I should upgrade. So I did, to bitcoin-qt (v 0.8.5). Now all I get is "Synchronizing with network" (Processed 0 of 250284). I have left it for hours and its not changing. I have checked my broadband speed and Im getting approx 7.5 meg. Any Ideas?


texts:
I've read that bitcoins are infinitely divisible:

  Bitcoins can be divided up and trade into as small of pieces as one wants

How is this possible programmatically?  The only thing that comes to mind are floating points which are inaccurate.

Are bitcoins truly infinitely divisible or merely practically?

A link to the relevant source code would be more than welcome.


texts: What development stage do the version 0.13.99 nodes represent?

texts: So, obviously Bitcoin Core 0.13.0 and 0.13.1 have been released, 0.13.2 is nearing release, and 0.14.0 will have its feature freeze in a few weeks. However, there are also some hundred odd nodes that show up as 0.13.99. What does that version represent?


texts: Will Lightning Network still require a confirmation from the network?

texts:
I have studies the Lightning Network, and although I understand the concept, I have not understood the following:
Let's assume that a network channel is opened between parties and all transactions have been completed successfully (no cancellations whatsoever).
For the transaction balance to 'escape' the network channel, would a confirmation from the network (meaning the network as it is now) still be required?

As an example:
John gives Nathan 0.20 BTC (transaction occurred withing the Lightning Network) - no fees:perfect
- Nathan wants to send 0.20 BTC to an exchange - a confirmation from the network will be required, right?

So basically, the biggest benefit is reduced transaction time & zero fees between trusted parties, right? Confirming a transaction will still be inevitable?


texts: Popularity based mining (variable block reward)

texts:
I am thinking of an alternative mining scheme where block reward would grow (or decrease) with popularity of the coin. The rationale behind this idea is to make an exchange rate more stable since greater interest will not result in higher coin price.

The biggest question is probably how to technically solve such variable block reward because there seems to be no easy way of how to collectively decide on reward height.


texts: Mac 0.80b beta - says "database corrupted" and then Bitcoin-Qt quit unexpectedly

texts:
I can't run Bitcoin-Qt 0.80 on Mac OS X 10.8 any more.

It starts up then says "System Error: Database Corrupted". I then click OK, and the program "quits unexpectedly"

How do I  start again without losing my wallet. Is it just the wallet.dat file that I need to keep, or others as well if I reinstall? I have encrypted the wallet if that makes any difference  to the files I need to keep.

There are lots of BC in the wallet. I can't afford to lose them!!

Is there another program I can use just to open the wallet?


texts: What's the minimum transaction with nxt?

texts: Currently the minimum transaction on Bitcoin is 5430 Satoshi, and what about NXT?


texts: Get single xpub key from multi signature wallet

texts: I created a multi signature wallet 2 of 3. I want to get the xpub key used to generate the addresses. As I understand all 3 public keys are used to generate the address. Is it possible to use those 3 keys to generate a single xpub key for further addresses?


texts:
It comes to my curiousity about how exactly the node A will mine block N+1 when he & node B generated block N (not in same time but) in a fairly close timeframe.

In many articles, it says that when 2 nodes (A&B) are generating the same height block at same time, it will cause a fork. This means some nodes will mine after A's new block and others mine B's. This is understood. However, it will take time when A's new block sync to B. Let's assume it takes 10 seconds to pass to B. In the middle of the sync (saying 5th or 6th second of total 10), B just generates the new block (with same height), and propagate it out before receiving A's block. What will happen when B receives A's block then?

I have 2 possible answers but not sure which one is correct, or neither.
(assuming all TX/UTXO in the block has no issue)

ANSWER-1: B will discard B's block, and accept A's, because B block's timestamp is older than A's (make sense?)

ANSWER-2: when B broadcasts his new block, B by default accepts its own generated block (N+1) and immediately start to mine block N+2 upon that (at the time when B has not received A's block yet.) Then B receives A's block (N+1), in this case, B should keep A's chain but still continue to mine at his N+2 block height.

Any advice?


texts: Energy cost of bitcoin vs physical currency?

texts:
The bitcoin mining infrastructure uses a certain amount of energy and processing power to operate.
The resource usage is often cited as part of arguments critical of bitcoin.
But relatively speaking how much more resources does bitcoin mining take compared to physical currency?
No body really talks about all the resources that it takes to use physical currency.

The money first has to be produced in a mint.  That mint and the machines in it had to be built.  These are all of course specialty machines and are probably very expensive.  The building and machines require energy to operate.  They all need to be maintained.  And people need to be employed to do all those things.

Money is typically stored in banks.  There are thousands of bank locations in the world.  They all needed to be constructed.  And those buildings all require resources and people to operate.

Physical currency must actually be moved.  Moving any significant amount of physical currency requires security.  A large store typically has to hire an armored car to transport money from their safe to the bank.  An entire niche industry needs to exist to produce those vehicles.  Security workers need to be employed to operate them and protect the money.

Money must be stored.  Millions of safes/vaults were built so individuals, businesses, and banks can store their money.  In general there is a lot of resources spent on securing physical currency.


texts: I read some sources that say Bitcoin transactions are anonymous, some that say they are semi-anonymous, and some that say they are not anonymous at all.  In what ways are the transactions anonymous and in what ways are they not anonymous?


texts:
I'm trying to download bitcoin core (ultimately want to run a node off my laptop). However the blockchain seems to be taking a (very) long time to download. I've read in some posts it might take up to a day, but this is taking way too long.

Any feedback/changes you suggest?


texts: Sign a Partially Signed rawtransaction with bitcoinjs-lib

texts:
I was trying to figure out how to use the bitcoinjs-lib. I was thinking if I could sign a partially signed raw transaction in bitcoijs-lib.

For example - If I have a hex String whose input1 is unsigned but rest of the inputs are all signed, can i Sign this raw transaction using bitcoinjs-lib?


texts: Where is a tx located before finalized with the sequence number or locktime?

texts:
My understand, for a tx, before it finalized with the locktime, it can not go into mempool. But, which specified location is the tx to stay for waiting the locktime come. Similiar, for before the sequence number, where is the tx to stay for waiting?
Thanks.


texts: What happens when a node cannot find the base Block of a newly received Block

texts:
This particular question has been bugging my mind for sometime now. Suppose there an adversary miner who mines a Block with one of his transactions. The miner would only send the updated Block to a known peer minor (Ma). And right after sending out the first Block to a known peer(Not to the whole network), the miner hits the jackpot and was able to generate another Block with the same transaction. It is highly unlike that the adversary could mine another block immediately after mining the previous block but it is doable.

Network --> [B1]->[B2]->[B3]->[S1]->[B4]  Ma --> [B1]->[B2]->[B3]->[S2],

Adversary -->[B1]->[B2]->[B3]->[S1]

As I've shown above, once Ma receives B4, it has no way of knowing what the predecessor Block (S1) of B4 is.

Could someone please explain how Bitcoin handles these sort of issues ?


texts: Protecting against bitcoin thieves as a casual user

texts:
I hope this is an appropriate question here. I never got a chance to write it out earlier, but with the recent price changes looming it came to my mind again.
Around July 2013 I started to take some limited interest in bitcoin. Around this time, GPU based miners were still relatively viable, so I took my medium-grade gaming PC, set it up with a better GPU, and did a stint of casual mining. After some months, I had received about 0.7 BTC, but I generally deemed it not super profitable, and stopped. The PC was windows 7, used for the mining and a few games, and other general consumer tasks.
A few years later I became interested in the crypto space again and opened my old bitcoin client, only to find out that about a year after mining the coins (May 2014), they had all been transferred out somewhere unknown to me. At the time, for me, this pretty much destroyed most of the credibility of bitcoin, as from the perspective of a casual user, I had not really done anything wrong or unusually shady or dangerous.
I'm looking back into this space yet again after some of the recent news. So my question breaks down to:

What is the most likely situation that had played out, in order for me to lose my coins like this, on a casually used system, using the official bitcoin client?
If the above issue was due to some kind of known vulnerability, has it since been fixed?
What other measures can a new, non-power user take in order to protect from this type of significant theft, within reason?

Thanks for reading~


texts: Can I restore old MultiBit wallet with receive address and password?

texts: I have the multibit receive address and the password, from maybe 2014 or so.  The actual wallet is on a drive I will have to have recovered.  Is there any way to recover with and/or without having the drive recovered?


texts: How does bitcoin core choose which node to broadcast to? Any vulnerability?

texts:
I suppose the nodes would only listen and re-broadcast new block from and to a limited subset of other nodes (assuming the block is valid).

How is this subset chosen? Does Bitcoin Core software choose them? (if one uses it)

I'm thinking if most of the nodes are listening to only the "popular" sources, then these sources would have too much power to influence what nodes will or will not hear. (Like how the media in real life affects people)

Thanks


texts: Is there a Android POS full node wallet apps that is open source? An app that can also stake?

texts: Are there any Android Proof of Stake apps that is open source. The peercoin app seems to be a light client. Some of the apps seem to be QT transformed to Android.


texts: How would one audit that the mgwBTC - Multigateway assets are backed by 100% Bitcoins?

texts:
I am curious of how would one audit the mgwBTC multigateway for nxt to make sure they aren't doing fractional reserve. They say its backed by 100% deposits, but how can we verify such claims? i want to use the platform, but I'm sure others have similar concerns of trust.

They say this eliminates another mtgox fiasco, but just to be sure everyone should be able to audit multigateway's internal books to make sure its really 100% backed by deposits.


texts: .indexes & .tesnet3 not located on my Bitcoin dir

texts:
started fresh a new lightning node using the raspiblitz guide but while synching the client from my desktop pc (MAC) i wasnt able to locate these files ( “.indexes .testnet3” ) required by the guide to properly synch the client on the pi. It’s weird those files arent anywhere in ~/library/Application Support/Bitcoin/

I’m running the latest bitcoin core version .17.1 and one of the most requirements of the guide when copying the blockchain from the latest version is ( txindex=1 in the bitcoin.conf) but i didnt modify the .conf at all since it should be by default with the latest version...

Any ideas where to locate those files in Mac?


texts: How do I optimize my usage of oclvanitygen?

texts:
I'd like to extract the most performance possible from oclvanitygen.  Can anyone tell me what the best practices are with this tool?

Examples may include:

Use operating system X, or video card Y
Ensure that the file specified with the -F option has more than 7 characters per row
Ensure that there are no more than Z quantity of lines in the file
Set a custom grid size with the -g option (what is this?)
How many work items per thread ( -w option)
What custom options should I use (-d option)


texts:
I am using c-lightning version:v0.6-182-g1851ebb. Is there a way to know how much I have earned routing fees? I found that lnd has lncli feereport command that shows earned fees. Does c-lightning have same functionality? If not, is there a way to know earned routing fees?

I created a query for calculating earned routing fees. However, this doesn't work because HTLCs info is removed when a channel forwarded HTLCs closed.

sqlite3 $HOME/.lightning/lightningd.sqlite3 "select sum(a.msatoshi - b.msatoshi) from channel_htlcs a inner join channel_htlcs b on a.id = b.origin_htlc"

Any ideas?


texts: So, I have a couple of BTC mining FPGAs lying around from the earlier days when they were worth running (specifically a BPMC Red Fury and an ASICMiner Block Erupter). I'm wondering if these can be used to mine any other cryptocurrencies that might be a little more profitable these days. Any tips would be appreciated!


texts:
Does any current SegWit or blocksize increase proposal also seek an increase in the OP_RETURN byte limit?

https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/OP_RETURN

Are there any current pull requests that seek an increase in the current 80 byte limit?

If the current OP_RETURN byte limit is 80, why does the StackExchange "op-return" tag still reference a 40 byte limit?

"An opcode that allows you to create an unspendable transaction output that stores up to 40 bytes of data."


texts:
PeerCoin has a Proof-of-Stake concept (and a small portion of Proof-of-Work), to secure the network. NXT is using only POS, which makes it even more energy efficient.

Will NXT render PPC (PeerCoin) obsolete? Or which disadvantages does NXT have in comparison to PPC, except for PPC being older and therefore being more established.


texts: Making an altcoin (for fun, not to use), and after finding MerkleRoot and genesis block, I still get errors

texts:
I'm making a PoW/PoS hybrid coin for fun (nobody will actually use it).  I already found the Merkle root and mined the genesis block and got the nonce and things like that.  I inserted them into the correct places (or so I thought) in main.cpp and main.h.  I also deleted the checkpoints from the coin I cloned from.  I now get this error:

  bool LoadBlockIndex(bool): Assertion `block.GetHash() == hashGenesisBlock' failed.

What should I do?  It does not make sense to me, as this error normally means that there is trouble related to mining the genesis block.  If anybody wants to see the source code, it's at GitHub:  https://github.com/hale6666/kaluricoin

Thanks!


texts: trying to use blockchain.info donate button

texts:
I am trying to put a donation button on a web page.  I copied and pasted the code obtained by clicking the Donation Button on this page: https://blockchain.info/address/1BgggUDmCf18DTvNQvkSEyNEmofojaTeek

The resulting page is: https://tiferesyisroel.org/donate-bitcoin.html

However, when I try to test this in Firefox by clicking on the Dontate image, the image simply disappears.  When I investigate in Firebug I see that when I click, the browser is getting a 404 when it tries to do a GET from blockchain.info.

When I test the page in Chrome I get a Access-Control-Allow-Origin error.

Am I doing something wrong?


texts: Detecting unconfirmed double spends using bitcoind

texts:
I want to get statistics on how many percentage of unconfirmed tx in the mempool are having attempted double spends and having what value. For this I want to get notification when an unconfirmed tx arrives that is conflicting with existing tx in mempool. I understand that bitcoind will accept the first transaction it sees and reject the next one, can I configure/patch bitcoind to send me notification on such double spend attempt ?

PS: I understand that a double spend can happen by directly including new tx in the next block without ever showing up in unconfirmed tx list. I think that requires direct access to mining pool and enough guarantees that the block will be mined. For my experiment, I am fine with ignoring this case as it has low probability.


texts: How can somebody steal the Genesis block?

texts:
So I read on bitcointalk the other day that there was a new coin about to be released (woo hoo right?!) and then they posted that somebody had stolen the genesis block.

What exactly does that mean?

How does somebody steal a block and what does that mean to the other blocks/block chain or miners?


texts: Does all miners in mining pool increase the nonce variable one by one starting from zero?

texts:
Let us consider we have n miners in our mining pool. Now the manager of the pool verified the transactions and packed into a block to be mined. Then it passed the block to all n miners in the pool.

Lets assume that out block is as below:

    to_mine_block = {
    Block No: 1000
    Prev Block:999
    timestamp: "1000-01-01 00:00:00"
    Data : "XYZ"
    nonce : ?
}

Now,to_mine_block is sent to all n miners. Will n miners runs the following code to

String target = new String(new char[difficulty]).replace('\0', '0');

while(!hash.substring( 0, difficulty).equals(target)) {
    nonce ++;
    hash = calculateHash();
}

Will all n miners run this code individually in the pool ? If so, this race will always be wined by the miners with the highest mining power. Because the one with highest mining power will move ahead in the loop than the ones with low hash power.


texts: Best strategy for using hundreds of 1 kh/s CPU litecoin miners

texts:
Some friends and I currently run a webapp and we rent 50 dedicated servers that run a few dozen linux VMs each. During the night they are not used a lot so we thought we could use them for cpu mining litecoin. We know that thats normally not profitable but we rent the servers for a fixed price so we could at least make a little money back each month.

Each VM gets roughly 0.5 to 2 kh/s. We already tried some LTC mining pools however all the ones we have found had pretty high share difficulties (64 and higher), so we only rarely got confirmed shares because clean_jobs=True messages would come before a VM could finish a share.

We are now also considering setting up our own internal mining pool that connects to a bigger external pool and divides shares further for our VMs.
We also considered using some other altcoin type thats more suitable for CPU mining, but that mostly seems more trouble than it's worth.

Whats the best way to utilize such a setup?

Thanks guys!


texts: How to handle leading 0's (b58 1's) when base58check encoding

texts:
I'm trying to more fully understand the base58check encoding algorithm.
Unfortunately, I keep running into a problem with how to handle a situation where the base58 value of an input would have leading 0's (1's in base58).
Everywhere I find any information about this online, it simply states that "the data is encoded to avoid having leading 0s, except to represent full '0' bytes in then input."
What I need to understand is:
What is changed in the data (input or output) to avoid/correct this situation in the output string?


texts: Problem with Bitcoin Core’s regression test mode

texts:
I have started bitcoin daemon with -regtest flag. The output was

  Bitcoin server starting

But, when I run

bitcoin-cli -regtest generate 101

command, it shows

  error: couldn't connect to server: unknown (code -1) (make sure server
  is running and you are connecting to the correct RPC port)

How this happens?


texts: How to prevent double spending Bitcoins?

texts:
If I create a transaction, my node will check my UTXO's and if i have enough BTC to do this transaction it will be mined.

So let's say I want to spend 12 BTC to Anna.

The System will check if i have enough BTC and i do.
But the UTXO list will not be updated until my transaction is mined.

So what will happen if i do another transaction with 15 BTC to anna.

Would the System check the UTXO's again and accept the new transaction?

Or is there something like a second UTXO list with the spended but not mined Transactions?


texts: How are utxos associated with a particular address?

texts: Is there a way to add or associate utxos with a particular address without creating a transaction?


texts: I found 10 different wallet.dat files on my computer. How can I tell which has money in it? Bitcoin-core-qt

texts:
In cygwin I did "find / -name wallet*.dat" and found 10 wallet*.dat files on my Windows box.
Some have 2005 dates, some are newer.
Q: How can I determine which one has the money in it?


texts:
I'm looking for an API that displays historical data for cryptocurrencies. I have a list of requirements, in rough order of importance:

Price in AUD (I don't care about other currencies)
Multiple cryptocurrencies (at least the major ones, but the more the better)
Returns historical data, not just current price (just the last week/month is fine)
Updated hourly or more

I've found a bunch of APIs and they all do two, maybe three of my requirements if I'm lucky, but never all.

I'm going to be graphing this data in Python/Django website, so I could either use a native Python API, make an HTTP request to get a JSON or CSV response, or display someone else's graph in an iframe like this API I found that shows a pricebox for BitCoin:

    <iframe src="https://cryptocoincharts.info/webmasters/priceBox/btc/aud" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" frameborder="0" />

Does anybody know of an API that would suit my needs?


texts: creating OP_RETURN script on bitcoin core console. i.e. with the help of commands

texts: I want to create a OP_RETURN script on bitcoin core console. Not using GUI, i.e. available on proofofexistence.com , Just as we create raw transaction and then sign it and then broadcast it, I am curious about how to create OP_RETURN script. Anyone here can give reference or want to share their knowledge? Step by step explanation would be much appreciated.


texts: How many bitcoins have been sent to Base58-invalid addresses?

texts:
Some bitcoins have been permanently lost when they are sent the the following addresses.  The explanation I've found is that they contain characters that are invalid in Base58

1BitcoinEaterAddressDontSendf59kuE
1Boxo846yTDLHgKM94aYseHBnCjJ4eYbzb

Specifically, base58 only allows the following characters  (excluding 0oiL)

static const char* pszBase58 = "123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz";

What is the current running total of "lost" bitcoins, or lacking that, what is the general process needed to figure this out?

(What API methods would you call to get the data to determine this?)


texts: need help generate single publickey on cuda device

texts:
I am trying to generate a public key from a hash on a cuda device. I couldn't find a ready source for that task. So I want to try to modify/ create a new function for this task.
the source code I want to use is here source on github
I have a secret key(unsigned char) and just want to multiply it with G, and then print the puclic key.
inside the gpu kernel:
unsigned char secret[32]

unsigned char   publicK_x[32];
unsigned char   publicK_y[32];

between here supposed to be the function for the point multiplication
dec_ge_set_gej(&p, &pj);

dec_fe_get_b32(publicK_x, &p.x);
dec_fe_get_b32(publicK_y, &p.y);

for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++)///print x.side
{
    printf("%02X", publicK_x[i]);
    printf ("\n");

for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++)///print y.side
    {
    printf("%02X", publicK_y[i]);
    printf("\n")

But since the source code uses pre-computed parallel point addition, I'm a bit stuck to get it to multiply only a single point.


texts: How to recover private key if I have the 12-word and an address?

texts: 5 years ago I created a Copay app, and I can not import it or recover it. I have the 12 word all the address. Leftover money stays there. But I can not import anymore with Copay. Something wrong, I do not know what.


texts: Explain how CoinJoin enhances anonymity, in plain English?

texts: I just learned about CoinJoin, but I don't really understand all the jargon being thrown around. Can someone explain how this works where a 10-year-old can understand?


texts: How is a transaction not present in 2 or more solved blocks?

texts: If node A picked 10 unconfirmed transactions to solve in a block and node B picked the same 10 transaction in A plus another 10 transactions to solve. If node A finished solving the block informed all nodes and placed the block on the chain, what happens to the same transactions being mined by Node B?


texts: CPFP: Child Pays For Parent Clarification Needed

texts:
With the Child Pays for Parent (CPFP) Do I sent more bitcoin to the SAME address the stuck transaction was sent to? The second transaction (with fees high enough to cover both transactions) will push the first transaction through? Or will they both get stuck? Or will the latter bypass the lesser?

For example.

1- I sent 5 BTC to address flsdjlfksdjfli3w320r89we2182eq78e9r7239
and it gets stuck

2 - so I sent ANOTHER transaction to flsdjlfksdjfli3w320r89we2182eq78e9r723 (+ fees for both transactions),

3 - and then both transactions go through?

Thanks in advance for the answers.


texts: How to earn my first bitcoin in baby steps?

texts:
I don't know any thing about bit coin , what I know that it digital currency maintained by people and not banks.

How do I start earning my bitcoins ? OK After earning this bitcoins ? What all things I can buy in real world or it just to pay for only services to service provider?


texts:
Excuse me if this is a stupid question, but does mtgox have an option to see market depth? The trading page allows me to set a price, but without know the current levels of bid/asks how can I make a judgement about what price to set?

Cryptoxchange seems to display this information on its trading page, but I can't seem to find it on mtgox.


texts: Is the reward for successfully mining a block a transaction on the bitcoin network?

texts: If so, what are inputs to that transaction? If not, how are rewards tracked in the network?


texts:
How does the cryptocurrency IOTA keep record of the spent coins? Is there something similar to the UTXO where the unspent coins were recorded?

And it somebody wants to spend a coin, do you have to search through the whole tangle?


texts: Encrypting wallet manually instead of using hardware wallet

texts:
i am new to this community and like to know why one should prefer a hardware wallet instead of using encryption algorithm like AES-256 along with PKDF2 to secure crypto wallets ?
i currently hold btc in trezor wallet and planning to use AES to manually encrypt private keys by myself.
I have been playing around with the crypto wallet encryptor,

https://github.com/sufiyanghori1/crypto-wallet-encryptor

which seems to be pretty effective.
it takes private key and a custom password as an input and encrypt it using AES-256.

i have read on various forums people using it but not sure if its any better than actual hardware wallet ?


texts: Do foreign bitcoin exchanges need to be liscensed in every US state?

texts:
I read something about this, but it seems pretty unenforceable. I understand US-exchanges need to be liscened as money transmitters in every state, but how can US states fine a foreign entity for making transfers to US accounts? What kind of laws are being broken?

As far as I understand, the exchange is only bound by the laws in the country which it does business and transfering money to US bank-accounts isn't exactly breaking any sort of laws. The US customers would still be coming onto the website, presumably hosted in the foreign country, so the business would still only be considered taking place in that foreign country.

I'm no expert on the legality here of foreign entities. Can anyone offer some advice.


texts: What exactly is a "blockchain developer"?

texts:
Hello everyone. This isn't specifically a bitcoin thread but due to recent events I think it is important that people get an understanding of the real Elon Musk as I have no doubt he will try and reenter the cryptocurrency space again in the future as some kind of figurehead. This is of course despite the fact that he is not a blockchain developer and has made no real contributions to the space but he appears to find the need to attach himself to any kind of new technology and take credit for it. This is a familar pattern, he is neither an expert on artifical intelligence, neuroscience or infectious diseases such as Covid-19 but is able to convince people that his opinion is always worth listening to.

Source: https://old.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/nbq16s/the_real_elon_musk/
(Emphasis added by me.)
Every time I hear somebody mention "blockchain", it always comes off as if they have no idea what they are talking about. Have I missed something? Why is there such a focus on something they refer to as "blockchain", sometimes "Blockchain", as if this is some sort of "service" that magically exists somewhere on the Internet and which Bitcoin and other "cryptocurrencies" build on?
Isn't "blockchain" just a simple word to refer to the "chain of blocks" that make up the technical structure of Bitcoin? If so, why does this person and many others use it in such a strange manner? A "blockchain developer" makes as little sense as a "TCP/IP developer"; it's just a technical, non-tangible "infrastructure" of sorts. It sounds to me like referring to a plumber as a "pipe developer", even though they never touch or create any of the pipes in the ground, but merely fix clogged ones in individuals' homes.
But since I'm asking, I'm obviously doubting myself. Maybe I have actually missed something?


texts: If I send Bitcoin from the USA to a friend in India, do I have to pay capital gain tax on it if he sells it and makes a profit?

texts:
Let's say I buy $10,000 worth of Bitcoin in the USA, which I transfer to my friend in India. He sells it for $11,000 and keeps that money himself as I have gifted him that Bitcoin. My questions:

Should I pay the tax in the USA because he got profits from the Bitcoin which I sent?
How does the IRS know that particular Bitcoin has been sold?
Even if they know it was sold, how can they tax me as I am not the person who sold it?


texts: Getting IP address of other NXT / Ardor peer nodes for Open API access?

texts:
I know that peer explorer has an API to access all the IP addresses of NXT / Ardor nodes via: http://www.peerexplorer.com/peerexplorer-api

But say peer explorer is down. How would one get the IP addresses of other NXT / Ardor nodes via a locally installed NXT / Ardor node?


texts: How to choose the transactions for a block?

texts:
From my understanding, the memory pool (or transaction pool) contains "open" or "unconfirmed" transactions that have to be validated and can be chosen (arbitrarily?) to be part of a "candidate block". For this block, the hash puzzle in a proof of work blockchain has to be solved before it can be added as a valid block to the blockchain.

How do miners choose the transaction(s)?

Does the difficulty vary depending on the number of chosen transactions? If not, wouldn't it be advisable to include as many transactions as possible when trying to find a new "candidate" block (maybe depending on the reward - just currency units or also (or only) transaction fees for the transactions included in the block)?

If the difficulty varies based on the number of selected transactions, however, wouldn't it be best to just choose one transaction and then "quickly" (i.e. as the first) come up with a valid candidate block to be added to the blockchain?

If it makes sense to choose "all open/unconfirmed" transactions and then try to solve the hash puzzle (by, as I've read starting with a Nonce value of 0 and then sequentially increasing it), wouldn't it simply boil down to the result that the miner with the largest processing power would always win?


texts: How to keep my shares when moving a pool server?

texts:
I have a question...

If I'm mining with a litecoind/bitcoind process, and a pushpool. How can i move the whole shablam to a new server/copmputer WHILEST saving the progress I have on this current round?
Also, can i move the litecoind/bitcoind and/or pushpoold service and files without having to rebuild them from source on the new machine?

Help is highly appriciated!


texts: Multibit password incorrect - what else can cause this?

texts:
I have my balance cash display on my Multibit account at left top of my account which was my last transaction. But to send it out to another bitcoin account, it keeps telling me that "The wallet password is incorrect." I am fully sure, I have never changed my password and I have tried the directory given but I couldn't get it done, even none of my old transactions are showing up again. Do password regenerate itself to give new one or is my account file corrupt?

Because I know that I run some program into my computer recently i.e. photoshop program, could
that be the cause? But I never tampered with bitcoin file - that is what I just can't figure out
here. Please help. I am using MultiBit version 0.5.18 in Windows 7 Ultimate please help. Or
is there anything else for me to try that I have not done?


texts: do transaction merkle trees have any use outside individual blocks?

texts: as i understand it, merkle trees are useful for operations within individual blocks, but do they have any use outside of each block? for example, are the merkle-roots from each block ever used in combination for any other purposes such as blockchain validation?


texts: Bitcoin is using +90% CPU power using Ubuntu 12.04?

texts:
I am using Ubuntu 12.04 and Bitcoin client v0.8.6.0-g03a7d67-beta and Qt version 4.8.1 as the GUI.

My CPU is heating up and is automaticly shutting down after 30 minutes and sometimes after many hours. This is occurring  both while synchronising with the block-chain or while reindexing the blocks on disk.

After the CPU overheating my laptop (Dell Inspiron R15) switches off and has corrupted my sync. Other users have mentioned to start by typing in terminal bitcoin-qt -reindex. At the the end of the index around week17 my CPU overheats again.

Reading around I found topics about switching off the "generate bitcoin" option inside the bitcoin.conf file but on my Ubuntu (including hidden files) I can not find that file.

Any tips or help on this overheating issue?  I have also posted this on AskUbuntu

Thanks in advance.


texts: What IDE to use for Bitcoin development?

texts:
I want to experiment with Bitcoin's code (both Core and Unlimited, if it makes a difference).

I really wanted to use CLion, but was unable to compile it and make it work (something to do with using a different Make?)

I am weaker on the "setting up stuff" side, and I usually don't use C++, so a detailed explanation how to do something like printing "Hello World" every time a new block is received will be my dream come true.

Thanks!


texts: How do I get the temperature of my USB Miner?

texts:
Is there an option I can pass when running the miner? ( CGMiner / BFGMiner )

How does one get the temperature of a USB Miner? ( In my case BitFury )


texts: I know that miners don't get paid for orphan blocks. But what do they not get paid , transaction fees or block reward or both ?


texts: Why am I getting payouts from 6 blocks with only 1 share found with a LTC P2Pool pool?

texts:
I was mining in a LTC P2Pool pool and found a share.
As I understand it, if the conditions outlined in this answer would have been satisfied, I should have received a payout from the next block found by the P2Pool network. As a matter of fact, It seems I received a payout from the next six blocks (from 414890 to 415003).

I failed to find the rationale behind this. Could you please enlighten me?


texts: demonstrate tracking some bitcoin transactions with a program like an explorer

texts:
Recently I started to read BITCOIN protocol and it's events when a transaction created. I want to create a program a bitcoin explorer.

as you know probably, Each non-coinbase input spends an outpoint from a previous transaction. and every input contains previous_output, script bytes, signature script and sequence. and a signature script is a script-language script which satisfies the conditions placed in the outpoint’s pubkey script.

my main question is how I can relate an output address with input which is show an UTXO. I want demonstrate tracking some transactions.


texts: Is it possible to talk to bitcoin RPC API with Javascript and WITHOUT using a node server?

texts: I am planning on building a Wallet and want to know if I can hook something like an Electron native JavaScript app to Bitcoin RPC without running node.js for the server calls, so using something like AJAX or XMLhttprequest.


texts: Can blockchain size become a blocker for bitcoin adoption?

texts:
When I run bitcoin-qt, I noticed that it is taking lot of time to download recent blocks. It gives me impression that the more transactions, the bigger the blockchain. Even today the download is taking around a day. What happens after a year?

It may easily take more than 5 days. If it grows huge, can the current software handle it?

What is the estimation of the blockchain to grow in next 10 years? Is it possible to split the blockchain into multiple blockchains? Could it become a blocker for Bitcoin adoption?


texts: Does a 51% attack depend upon difficulty?

texts:
Does increasing difficulty also serve to decrease the probability of a 51% attack?

It seems that since difficulty is the same for all, this is not the case.  Is that correct?

If difficulty were perpetually at minimum, would the probability of a 51% attack skyrocket?


texts: Which crypto-currencies can be mined effectively with GPU

texts:
We often hear both CPU and GPU mining are dead.

There is a number of new currencies designed specifically for CPU or GPU mining. Which are these? Can you mine them effectively with GPU?


texts: Do mined coins show up on blockchain explorers and can the balance of the addresses that mined the coins be seen?

texts:
Somebody wants to do a deal for a bitcoin transaction but when proof of the coins is required they say that the coins will not show up on blockchain.info as they were "mined coins".

Is this really true? Will mined coins really not show up on blockchain.info for the address' balance?

If that is the case how can proof of funds of bitcoins be seen before the deal goes through?


texts: What is the maximum channel capacity allowed on the Bitcoin testnet?

texts:
Using Electrum desktop wallet connected to the testnet, when trying to open a channel  with the amount exceeding 0.16777215 BTC I get the following:

Could not open channel. Exception('Requested channel capacity is over protocol allowed maximum')

Is 0.16777215 BTC hardcoded in Electrum or is it determined by the testnet itself?
I noticed that on the mainnet the maximum capacity is siginificatly higher as some exchanges allow LN withdrawals of 0.5 BTC.


texts: Why no other company is producing Bitcoin ASIC except bitmain?

texts:
Except bitfury and 1-2 Chinese companies that looks fake or just a copy of Antminer.

Nobody in Western produces miners?

Why?


texts:
Related: how do transactions get to miners, but I'm looking for a slightly (and only slightly) more technical discussion.

Say I download a lightweight bitcoin client and set up a wallet on machine A. From another machine B, I send a coin to this new wallet.

How does my transaction reach a miner? Presumably, the client on machine B sends a message out to the internet ... but doesn't it have to specify which IP address to send such a message? Which IP addresses does it send to?
Similarly, how does machine A learn of the transaction? Is the client continually pinging the network to query for new transactions to its address? How does it know what IP addresses to ping the first time it executes?


texts: In NXT monetary system, how do you transfer the coins complete control to another account?

texts: I purchased a few MS (monetary system) coins and i want to move it to another account completely. I want that other account to also be able to reissue this coin with new settings too. How can this be done?


texts: p2pool: Is it setup correctly? "???" in efficiency

texts:
I have configured p2pool, bitcoind and bfgminer for mining, and everything appears to be working normally (i.e., no errors are reported).

However, I've been mining for over three days already at 2GH/s without obtaining a single share. This is what p2pool output says:

> Shares: 0 (0 orphan, 0 dead) Stale rate: ??? Efficiency: ??? Current
> payout: 0.0000 BTC

I am worried about the question marks for efficiency. Is this normal? Should it be relevant, I am in a managed network, so I can't have any incoming peers (which as I understand, are not strictly required).


texts: Bitcoin client confirmation configuration

texts:
How do I setup Bitcoin client (bitcoin-qt, bitcoind) to wait only for 1 confirmation? Is this setting hard coded into the client?

This setting would be useful for merchant to accept payments as soon as possible.


texts: Why are median transaction fees so much higher now (in october 2017) than a year ago?

texts:
Now that segwit transactions are consistently making up 10% of each block and the witness section is making up more than 6% of the block, I'm a little confused by why median transaction fees are still high. A year ago, there were about 230k transactions/day and now there are about 260k transactions/day - just a 13% increase. But fees are up 1400% since a year ago.

What's causing fees to remain high even tho we've increased capacity by 6% (and rising) and only have 13% more transactions? Are people still falling for bad fee prediction algorithms? Is there an increased demand for quickly-confirming transactions?


texts: How is a proof-of-stake block mined at the block level, and how does it accomplish it's goals?

texts: I've seen many broad overviews of proof-of-stake mining, and descriptions, but I have not seen any good description of what goes into actually mining and verifying a proof-of-stake block, and how it accomplishes what people say. What are the technical details of this?


texts: Issues Still With Import Backup dat.file

texts:
My computer has Windows 7 professional operating system.
I have my Wallet now synced as up-to-date.   I followed instructions from earlier post as follows:

Then you have to localize your Bitcoin folder. For Windows, it should be here:

%APPDATA%\Bitcoin

In that folder, there should be a wallet.dat file.

If you have currently no bitcoins in your wallet, you can just delete that file and replace it with your backup.
If you have some bitcoins in this wallet as well, backup that wallet file as well, or send all the coins to an address from your backed up wallet.
When you placed the other wallet.dat file in place, you should run Bitcoin-Qt with the -rescan option. Here's how to do that in Windows:

Go to C:\Program Files (x86)\Bitcoin using Windows Explorer.[My Bitcoin foldes in Only in Program Files Folder]
In that folder, hold shift and right-click and select Open command window here (picture). [I do not See this Choice]
In the command prompt, type bitcoin-qt.exe -rescan and hit enter (picture).

Therefore, main issue in have rescan option work.  Is there any other way to get this option to work inside Bitcoin Core Wallet application?


texts: Would like to setup my own mining pool for PPC Peercoin

texts: I have 8 different antminer ASIC's and I would like to setup my own mining pool.  I would like to mine PPC aka Peercoin.  Everything seems to be very old as far as tutorials and I am looking for something that is possible for a non-programmer to get running.


texts:
What is the case after halving reward takes place:

Would bitcoin price gets double, since its harder to mine?

Would Blockchain introduces more blocks (e.g: 1/5mins)?


texts: electrum - how to rename automatic a new wallet?

texts:
I am looking for a possibility to rename automatically new wallets.

my problem is that when I restore a wallet by terminal I get this error: "Remove the existing wallet first!"

But if I rename the default_wallet to wallet1 (for example) i get no error.

so is there a possibility to rename new wallets automatically to wallet1, wallet2, wallet3, ... ? maybe by electrum config?


texts: Trying to import Bitcoin ATM wallet into Armory

texts:
I withdrew Bitcoins from Bitcoin ATM (Bitcoin mainnet, if that matters) into a wallet that it generated for me.  My intention was to import or sweep the generated wallet into Armory (or possibly Bitcoin Core).  [Warning: Newbie alert!]

The first thing I realized was the public and private keys that the ATM generated for me were in WIF format, and Armory seems to only want hex keys.  So I discovered pycoin and used ku.py to convert WIF to a hex secret exponent.  Armory seemed happy enough with the hex exponent, and asked me to confirm the apparent Bitcoin address.  The address was correct, so I confirmed and Armory began scanning something or other.  When it finally finished scanning, it told me there appeared to be no funds associated with the address.

The only people who saw the private key are myself and the ATM, and I'll assume it reasonably unlikely that the ATM was compromised.  If true, my funds still exist somewhere, but I don't know how or where to find them.  What am I doing wrong?


texts: What testnet environment and configuration for Bitcoin?

texts:
Every tutorial I have gone through to download bitcoind, I haven't been able to complete because my computer can't handle the full node download.

These are my specs:
2017
Processor - 2.3 GHz Intel Core i5
Memory - 8 GB
Storage: 50.8 GB available.

What's the lightest way I can run testnet so I can develop applications / hardware with the protocol but not buy new hardware (can't afford it)?

Many thanks for any suggestions.


texts: How does Bitcoin prevent replay-attacks?

texts:
How does Bitcoin prevent replay-attacks for P2PKH transactions?

As far as I understand, when a transaction is made to pay bitcoins to another account, the P2PKH script is used.

scriptPubKey: OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <pubKeyHash> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG
scriptSig: <sig> <pubKey>

Now, even though I may not know what the private key of the person who sends the scriptSig is, I still know how a valid signature from him looks for this very transaction.

So, if I simply copy the transaction with the same data, the check for the signature should still be all valid. So, if someone pays me coins, what prevents me sending the same transaction over and over again, effectively draining all his coins?


texts: My understanding is that all miners are feeded with transactions published by full node servers, but I didn't understand why they end up with exactly the same transactions in their created blocks ? Why miner A doesn't produce a block with saying 4 transactions and miner B produce a block with, for instance again, 3 transactions ?


texts:
I read several articles about how Block chain works, but didn't found any explanation about the following issue:

When new nodes (with empty ledger) entered to block chain, how they can check the correctness of the transaction, if their ledger is empty ?

How new nodes get synchronized with the block chain (get the list of the blocks, and all the history of the transactions ) ?


texts: What happens if the Exodus company and servers shut down?

texts:
I am reasonably confident about the security of my Exodus wallet, i.e. no one's going to steal my coins (not easily), however I can't get the following around my head...

What happens if Exodus and its servers cease to exist overnight or get closed down by the FBI or other government institutions? In this case, do we all lose access to our wallets or do we have anything by way of the 12 word key and user password that can enable us to import the wallet into another software/hardware wallet application?

Thanks


texts: I have not synced my wallet in 2 years and I would like to cash out my coins without syncing for 2 weeks or more. I do have wallet backup. Is it possible to use backup wallet somewhere online so my coins are available instantly?


texts:
I transferred some bitcoin from my coinbase account to another exchange to purchase some ethereum.  At that time coinbase did not have ethereum.  However, I do not remember the exchange that I used.  I have the exchange password written down in a secure location so if I can track which exchange I sent it to I can recover the ETH.  The transfer from coinbase is listed on the coinbase website.  Is there a way for me to use the wallet ID which I sent the BTC to to find out which exchange is holding my ETH?

Thanks in advance for your assistance in helping me overcome my own disorganization.


texts: What happens to transaction once all the blocks are mined?

texts: Once all the bitcoin blocks are mined(21 million limit has been reached) then would calculating the nonce still be so power intensive since the reward at this point of time would only be the transaction fee cost . What are the reasons miners will continue to operate their huge power hogging machines ? Also what would happen to the speed of block creation? Right now it is difficulty which governs it. but once all blocks have been mined how fast would newer blocks be created at the same rate or much faster?


texts: Is it possible to know if the result of 2 point subtraction is before or after G

texts:
I am trying to see if there is a way to see if subtraction of 2 points on the elliptical curve resulted in a point before or after G?. Let me explain what I mean by it.
Let's take a point GP. Using the Bitcoin curve equation, for a value of P=10 I get below X and Y
G10 =(72488970228380509287422715226575535698893157273063074627791787432852706183111,62070622898698443831883535403436258712770888294397026493185421712108624767191)
Let's take another point GQ for subtraction with GP. for Q=20 I get,
G*20 = 34773495056115281091786765947597603724784643419904767525769502836017890139287,8470533044743364938367028725608288731153024648869546164814808839694950063162)
Now subtract GP - GQ, In normal math, it is 10-20= -10, but with EC math I get a point  (72488970228380509287422715226575535698893157273063074627791787432852706183111,53721466338617751591687449605251649140499096371243537546272162295800209904472)
which has the same X value as 10 but Y is different.  If I add G to the result the point is 9G but with a different value.
I am not sure how it is called (Y inverse ?) but I see it's like a point before G and if I add G it comes closer to G. 9G,8G,7G.... 1G
Another way of seeing this is that Y can have 2 possible values (below is the python code which I used to calculate)
One valve is used for 10 and the other for a point which is a result of subtraction.
p = 0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffefffffc2f
x = 72488970228380509287422715226575535698893157273063074627791787432852706183111
ysquared = ((xxx+7) % p)
y = pow(ysquared, (p+1)/4, p)
print "y1 = %s " % y
print "y2 = %s " % (y * -1 % p)
So that question can also be, How to know which Y value to use if a value of X is given,