texts: Unable to connect to Litecoin Testnet with Litecoin Core on Mac

texts:
I've downloaded the LiteCoin Core for the Mac (High Sierra 10.13.3) in order to use the testnet for testing an online shopping cart. I'm not looking to mine any coins, just use the wallet. The application loads up correctly when connecting to the normal wallet, but when I add testnet=1 to the litecoin.conf, it won't connect to the peers. When I look at the debug log, I see

2018-03-01 14:37:02 connect() to 104.236.211.206:19335 failed after select(): Connection refused (61)
2018-03-01 14:37:03 connect() to 173.209.44.34:19335 failed after select(): Connection refused (61)
2018-03-01 14:37:03 connect() to 173.209.44.34:19335 failed after select(): Connection refused (61)
2018-03-01 14:37:04 connect() to 66.178.182.35:19335 failed after select(): Connection refused (61)
2018-03-01 14:37:04 connect() to 66.178.182.35:19335 failed after select(): Connection refused (61)
2018-03-01 14:37:05 connect() to 173.209.44.34:19335 failed after select(): Connection refused (61)

I've tried adding an RPC user/pass, but still no go. Error 61 seems to relate to the service not running on the port on the destination machine. I'm in an office environment, so cannot make any network changes. Is there anything I'm missing?

Here is my current litecoin.conf

rpcuser=litecoinrpc
rpcpassword=mypasswordhere
testnet=1


texts: structure of communicating with bitcoin DNSs to get list of nodes

texts:
I want to communicate with bitcoin DNSs to get list of bitcoin nodes.

for now I want some example and structure of messages between I and bitcoin DNS.

I found two DNS names:

dnsseed.bluematt.me
dnsseed.bitcoin.bit

and want communicate with them.

please help me


texts: Cannot connect to php-mpos with CgMiner: Pool 0 slow/down or URL or credentials invalid

texts:
I'm trying set up a local pool, using the php-mpos and the zetacoin-qt executable file, but for some reason, when I attempt to connect using cgminer, I get this error: Pool 0 slow/down or URL or credentials invalid, this happens even though I've created a worker in php-mpos, I am running all of this on a windows machine. My batch file running the program is this:

cgminer-nogpu.exe -o "stratum+tcp://localhost:9332" -O admin.user:password

My Zetacoin config is this:

rpcuser=username
rpcpassword=password
rpcport=9332
daemon=1
server=1
gen=1

block_nTime=1317972665
block_nNonce=2084524493


texts:
Could some explain how Electrum sweep feature works?

As I understand "sweep" can be used only after importing private key into wallet. But private key can't be imported into deterministic Electrum 2.x wallet.

So why it shows me sweep option?

It there any ways to sweep paper wallet into deterministic Electrum wallet?


texts:
Imagine Alice owns 10 BTC and wants to send 1 BTC to bob, with a 1 BTC miners fee.

In the blockchain, the transaction is recorded as "Alice spent 10 bitcoins, 1 goes to Bob, 1 goes to the miner, and 8 goes to Alice".

That seems rather unintuitive. Why not just record the payment and miners fee explicitly?


texts: Is there an easy way to consolidate Dust Microtransactions

texts:
I just found out today that all those websites I go to to earn like .0000087 for clicking around here and there have now in a way corrupted my wallet as yesterday I deposited 50$ into my wallet and when I try to transfer it to make a payment to another wallet, no matter what I get transaction fees. How can I clean my wallet of this dust. I know there is a program out there that claims to rid yourself of this dust, but there is no real directions on how to use it.

My question is three parts

Is there a client/wallet that allows you to transfer out of certain incoming transactions?
Is there an easy way to clean the wallet now that it has this dust?
If I transfer everything in the wallet will it clean the wallet? And if so does the wallet I transferred to now have the issue with the dust, does the dust transfer?


texts: What part that control coin's total supply and give initial coins to specific wallet?

texts:
As title,

Max coins supply.

From github's bitcoin source, where is line or function that define coin's total supply? Like bitcoin's case, 21,000,000.
I found that amount.h  file has above number, so then revise this number only and all done? What is maximum number this can be? int's max value, 2,100,000,000?

Give initial coin.
How to give initial coin to developer, marketing team member? And to pre-sale ICO customers? Where is that code?


texts:
Bitcoin noob here. Tried to open an account in coinbase to buy bitcoins. But, coinbase site said that I could not buy bitcoin in my region. I am outside the continental US.

Is this restriction because of where I live, or is it because of where they think my bank account would be? If I have a bank in the USA, would coinbase let me get bitcoins?


texts: Bitcoin cash wallet with ability to generate new addresses

texts:
I'm looking for a wallet that can generate new addresses. I've seen some wallets that do generate a new receive address for Bitcoin, but I'm not sure if a new address is used when Bitcoin is sent.

I want my transactions to be not directly linked together if someone looked the Bitcoin Cash blockchain.

For that I would need to create multiple wallets? Are there any wallets that have a feature to generate new wallets?


texts: "always spend all balance of paper wallets" - Then why am I using my paper-wallet for multiple transactions without any problem?

texts:
I'am very confused. I just read on the most popular services for paper wallets that "You should always spend all the funds on a paper wallet, not part of it or you will lose the rest" . It links back to a reddit discussion with a short explanation that I don't really understand.  Apparently it has to do with change addresses. This sucks.

In the last 3 months I've been using paper-wallets for several transaction of partial amounts without loosing anything. I generated privatekey + public key with vanity gen, imported the read-only public address into blockchain mobile app, and went on spending (scanning private key at need) and receiving on that very same address. Am I being lucky, wrong, or what? I really don't get it

I also printed several paper wallets for friends and workshops and after being imported (electrum, blockchain.info app) I saw people making partial transaction without losing the other part.


texts: Why do outputs need to be spent entirely?

texts:
I understand what change is and how it works (and it's analogous to physical money change), but what I don't understand is why this is needed in the first place.

Given that this is all computer based, I thought that money could be sent just by saying “I will give you 0.5 BTC” and verifying that your addresses in fact contain more than 0.5 BTC, and then substracting the spent amount.

So, my question is, why does the protocol define that outputs must be spent entirely? Where's the benefit of doing that instead of just sending the fraction that is needed?


texts: How to validate raw transactions using bitcoind and/or bitcoin-cli (preferably offline)?

texts:
I've been wanting to join in the fun on this Bitcoin transaction contest but while I'm comfortable enough working out the scripts themselves and playing with the web-based tools suggested, as a relative newbie to Bitcoin I haven't got a clue how to use bitcoind/qt to do the raw transaction validation.

I've downloaded bitcoind/qt/cli but I don't know what to put in my bitcoin.conf nor do I know how to run the tools nor what data I should feed them in order to validate my raw transactions.

I'd prefer to run my raw transaction validations offline but I don't even know if that's a possibility with these tools?

Despite searching wikis, forums, etc, I haven't found a 'dummy's guide' for these tools; everything seems to start from a level of knowledge which is somewhere above where I am at the moment.

I'd be very grateful if somebody could point me in the direction of some suitable information or else provide it here?

And although the organiser of the Bitcoin contest proposed using bitcoind for validating raw transactions I'm happy to consider any other tools/services that would do the equivalent job so if anybody can point me at (simpler?) alternatives that would be fine too.

Thanks in advance.


texts: BTC-E API and determining volume for any time interval


texts: How to pre-generate 100M bitcoin addresses?

texts:
What is the best method to generate large numbers of bitcoin addresses?

I imagine something like the following would break bitcoind in some fashion:

  ./bitcoind keypool=100000000


texts:
I play with bitcoin source code to learn,
I create my own fullnode, and change the chainparamsseeds.h to just use my own node as SeedSpec6, and comment the dns seeds in chainparams.cpp.
When open bitcoin-qt, it wont connect to node defined. but when I use addnode command, then it connect and start syncing.

Why same node can't be used form FixedSeednode config?

Thanks


texts: Is there some sort of algorithm to calculate transaction speed?

texts: I'm wondering if there's a way that I can calculate how long it will take for a transaction of x BTC paid a y fee to get z confirmations based on current difficulty


texts: What power cord to use with BITMAIN PSU?

texts:
As I introduced in my previous question which no one answered I'm having some problems with bitmain's power cord

So the simple main question is what power  cord to use ??

I used a 250v 10-16A 3*0.75mm^2
And had problems

My previous post


texts: How to tell if a cryptocurrency exchange or trading platform is trustworthy?

texts: I've seen a good-looking website for buying and selling cryptocurrencies, should I trust it with my money?


texts:
Can someone explain me:

What is Proof of Burn
What is the difference between Proof of Burn and Proof of Work
How Proof of burn works
Which virtual currency uses Proof of burn technology instead of Proof of Work

Can someone explain these things to me in a understandable manner? I can't understand anything in the (Wiki article on it). Highly appreciate if someone can explain this to me.


texts: How to listsinceblock mempool transactions?

texts:
I am using listsinceblock RPC call to show me transactions relevant to my wallet addresses only. Absolutely useful feature, but I cannot figure out how to include also mempool transactions.

Is there something that would implement such functionality?

Thanks!


texts: How can I buy Apple products? I want to buy the new iPad Mini, and I'd use Gyft to convert BTC to Amazon credit, but the new iPad is not yet on Amazon. Is there any way to buy the new iPad Mini, either directly through Apple or through a 3rd party?


texts: How to update balance of imported address in electrum

texts:
Imported an address into electrum, but the balance of the address shows up as zero.

Checked the address on http://blockexplorer.com and it's not zero.

The address was imported from bitcoinqt when the blockchain is out of date and the transactions were never attributed to the address.

Nothing was sent from the address.

How would you refresh the transaction history for the imported address in electrum, so it becomes spendable again?

Thanks

EDIT: The problem has been solved - see workaround below

A workaround for this is to send a small amount of bitcoins to the the imported address

This was done by watching an ad at www.bitvisitor.com.

Once payment was confirmed in the blockchain, Electrum refreshed the balance and the transaction history.

The imported address balance is now spendable :)


texts: How to use electrum RPC to get address balance on windows

texts:
$ ./electrum-3.2.3.exe --testnet setconfig rpcport 7777
true
$ ./electrum-3.2.3.exe --testnet setconfig rpcuser blah
true
$ ./electrum-3.2.3.exe --testnet setconfig rpcpassword blah
true

$ ./electrum-3.2.3.exe --testnet daemon start
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "run_electrum", line 433, in <module>
AttributeError: module 'os' has no attribute 'fork'

I can't install on linux as centos 7.5 can't compile python3.  I won't try any further since I have already wasted a day on compilation issues.

$ ./electrum-3.2.3.exe --testnet

starts up a gui client which is fine

$ curl --data-binary '{"id":"curltext","method":"blockchain.scripthash.get_balance","params":["mveNDYcr9Bb1xjnNeCRumiDHKU3n3CJBuk"]}' http://blah:blah@127.0.0.1:7777
{"result": null, "id": "curltext", "error": {"code": -32601, "message": "Method blockchain.scripthash.get_balance not supported."}}
$ curl --data-binary '{"id":"curltext","method":"get_balance","params":["mveNDYcr9Bb1xjnNeCRumiDHKU3n3CJBuk"]}' http://blah:blah@127.0.0.1:7777
{"result": null, "id": "curltext", "error": {"code": -32601, "message": "Method get_balance not supported."}}
$ curl --data-binary '{"id":"curltext","method":"getbalance","params":["mveNDYcr9Bb1xjnNeCRumiDHKU3n3CJBuk"]}' http://blah:blah@127.0.0.1:7777
{"result": null, "id": "curltext", "error": {"code": -32601, "message": "Method getbalance not supported."}}

I also tried without specifying the bitcoin address with the same results.

https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1894185.0
discusses the same issue and states
isnt giving an error about the wallet being loaded, which is why I am getting the error above.  Assuming the poster didn't mean "isn't" but rather "is", how would I "unload the wallet"?

note: mveNDYcr9Bb1xjnNeCRumiDHKU3n3CJBuk is an address in electrum's wallet


texts: Is it correct that more than 160 bits of input data for producing a private key are superfluous?

texts: If this is true, when I make a 64 character hexadecimal private key I need only provide randomness for the first 40 characters (40 x 4 bits per character = 160). The remaining 24 characters can be zeros.


texts:
How to setting docker container ip?

root@instance-1:~# lightning-cli getinfo
{
  "id": "0230c8826852e2a39883f36233483419e9c139b644c696b8dbcca38fef7303ee95",
  "port": 9735,
  "address": [
  ],
  "binding": [
    {
      "type": "ipv6",
      "address": "::",
      "port": 9735
    }
  ],
  "version": "v0.5.2-2016-11-21-2725-gb79bb1d",
  "blockheight": 524318,
  "network": "bitcoin"
}
root@instance-1:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                       COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS
       NAMES
59424f02b9e2        cdecker/lightningd:latest   "/usr/bin/lightningd…"   11 minutes ago      Up 11 minutes
       lightning
6d4c7fb6d3e2        dougvk/bitcoind:latest      "/entrypoint.sh bitc…"   23 hours ago        Up 23 hours         0.0.0.0:8333->8333/tcp, 8332/tcp, 18332-18333/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9735->9735
/tcp   bitcoind_mainnet


texts: Why is such a large int (uint32) used for the transaction version field

texts:
The transaction version field is a unsigned 32 bit integer. [Source Code] [Docs]

This will allow for 0 through 4,294,967,295 (2^32 − 1) versions. So far, only versions 0, 1, 2 have been used. It seems that the amount of storage for this field is wasteful. Surely unsigned 8 bit integer would be more than enough. What was the rational for using such a large integer?

Could this be reduced with a new block version? Could this be done without a hard fork?


texts: Wanted to back up blockchain to save space, now I cannot open bitcoin QT?

texts:
I wanted to back up the blockchain on my hard drive as it took around 50 GB on my laptop. I did so and deleted all the blk000.dat and the rev000.dat from (~/Library/Application Support/Bitcoin/) which are saved on my hard drive. Apparently this was a stupid mistake as I cannot open Bitcoin QT anymore. I therefore re-transfered everything back to the same folder. But nothing happens, and Bitcoin Core does not open.

After looking around, many are mentioning a bootstrap.dat file which correspond to the block chain. I cannot seem to find this file anywhere on my laptop.

Any clues? thanks a lot!


texts:
I am new to Bitcoin. So, I downloaded the Windows Bitcoins software from the official website and used the "request bitcoins" option to request bitcoins from my exchanger.

My exchanger charged me $20 and told me he will send me bitcoins corresponding to $20. But even after 18-20 hours I didn't receive any bitcoins.

Additionally, the Bitcoin software is showing synchronizing with network : x years xx weeks remaining.

What should I do? Should I wait for the synchronizing to complete or file a complaint against exchanger?


texts: Are transit fees supposed to be common in Ripple?

texts: In addition to transaction fees, Ripple also has transit fees when exchanging IOUs. Is it supposed to be common to pay transit fees, or is it for rare cases only? How much would the transit fees typically be?


texts:
I'm new in mining
I just bought one s9 miner,
Want to know that how can i mine any sh256 coin with s9 miner ?
I was searching about it and different pools,
but everywhere they said like this

Create account.

Register here, or login if you already have account
Create a worker that will be used by the miner to login
2. Download a miner.

Intel/ATI/AMD CGMiner: Download here
Intel/ATI/AMD BFGMiner Linux/Windows: Download here
Fabulous Panda Miner Mac OS X: Download here
Minerd CPU Miner Mac/Linux/Windows: Download here.
3. Configure your miner.

Settings for Stratum:

STRATUM:    stratum+tcp://mine1.mpool.me
PORT (Low hash rates):  4012 (varDiff: 16 - 4096, initial diff: 128)
PORT (High hash rates): 4112 (varDiff: 2048 - 65535, initial diff: 2048)
Username:   Weblogin.Worker
Password:   Worker Password

If your using Linux, Then type the following into the console:

please help me how to configure miner

Thanks in advance


texts: How to send BTC amount from one specific address in Bitcoin Core

texts: I canceled one transaction that was in the memory pool, now I would like to make sure that this transaction will not be sent anymore sending all BTC amount of the original address of this transaction to another address, but when I go to send BTC in Bitcoin Core, I can't choose one specific address to send the amount. So what Can I do to "empty" the bitcoins of this address using Bitcoin Core?


texts: Is there a block chain bootstrap for Litecoin?

texts:
For Bitcoin, various people distribute a bootstrap.dat file which contains a snapshot of the blockchain.  A new Bitcoin user can download this file and verify it with their client, which is often more efficient than downloading the entire chain from the peer-to-peer network.

Does something similar exist for Litecoin?


texts:
I recently reinstalled Linux mint; I backed up my wallet, and I am unable to import the backup created from the original wallet (Qt version 4.8.6.) to the newly installed wallet(Qt version 4.8.6.) I have just installed. When I try and open up the backup (binary file) using Bitcoin-QT a textbox appears with the message:

  Payment request file can not be read or processed! This can be caused by an invalid payment request file.

Can anyone help with this please? Or, just point me in the right direction.


texts:
I want to use Bitcoin Core to create a PSBT for offline signing (cold storage) of a multisig p2wsh-in-p2sh address, such as that created by Glacier. Based on the PSBT doc I assume I want the online node to be the Creator & Updater, and the offline node to be the Signer, Finalizer, and Extractor.

Firstly, what is the expected use model (using RPC)?

I've created privkeys, redemption script, and matching address on an offline node. How do I import this into my online node (presumably as a watch-only address)?
Using the online node, how do I construct a PSBT that spends some of the UTXO(s) for this address?
Using the offline node, how do I sign said PSBT using the privkeys, redemption script, and matching address that I have stored on paper?

Secondly, is this process expected to work in today's 0.17.1 software? Is it expected to change in the near future?

Thirdly, is this secure, assuming a secure offline node but an insecure online node? Can I be sure this isn't funding a too-large miner fee, for example? I understand that hardware wallets sometimes require the entire input transactions in order to verify input amounts.


texts: How do I track transactions made from my stolen phone

texts:
My phone was stolen few days ago, and the thief has transferred funds from my coinbase app to this account.

"1MaFK75o7iayPHEdjPJnD7ofaG13gAZcxP"
on 1st Jan at 14.40 (CET or Stockholm time)

I need to find the owner of this account number as he is the thief who has stolen my phone and money.


texts: The nlocktime parameter in createrawtransaction seems not work using Bitcoin Core Wallet GUI

texts:
If I add the CLocktime (e.g 20) at the end it always gives:

Error: Error parsing JSON:{"12CxqQHzhFxCm2TkGkKHdFFPyUerFXcSte":0.008,"1DBDDvpcHv66LD7sWz1mCitPALW1qfrga7":0.012},

If I delete the CLocktime at the end it will be ok.
Have anyone has similar experience and know why?


texts: Different fee rate units - sat/vB, sat perkw, sat perkb

texts:
While reading documentation of C-Lightning I found this in section about making onchain transactions with the wallet (funding and withdrawing the wallet):

feerate  is  an optional feerate to use. It can be one of the strings
urgent (aim for next block), normal (next 4 blocks or so) or slow
(next 100 blocks or so) to use lightningd's internal estimates: normal
is the default. Otherwise, feerate is a number, with an optional
suffix: perkw means the number is  interpreted  as
satoshi-per-kilosipa  (weight), and perkb means it is interpreted
bitcoind-style as satoshi-per-kilobyte. Omitting the suffix is
equivalent to perkb.

I am used to sats/vB as this is used by most wallets I know and also by e.g. blockstream.info explorer. What would be equivalent of, lets say, 20 sat/vB in perkw and perkb units?
My understanding is that 1 sat/vB = 1000 perkw, so 20 sat/vB would be 20000 perkw. Is this correct?


texts: What is the algorithm behind multisignature address?

texts:
I know you can create a multisignature address with the command:

bitcoind createmultisig 2 ["pubkey1", "pubkey2", "pubkey3"]

As described here: https://gist.github.com/gavinandresen/3966071

This command returns the address (starting with character '3') and the redeem script.

My question: how to create that data without using bitcoind? What algorithms are used? I guess the address is just a hash of the redeem script, right? How could I generate the redeem script?

Could you point me to some sources?


texts:
I'm using btcrecover to recover a Ledger BIP39 backup seed that I wrote down but seems to be wrong. The tool only accepts P2PKH addresses and my account was created very recently in this kind of format 3J98t1WpEZ73CNmQviecrnyiWrnqRhWNLy. I'm new to blockchain but I believe that this is a Segwit/P2SH account?

Is there a way I can convert this into a P2PKH address so that I can use the tool?


texts: What's the rationale of using ECDSA instead of RSA?

texts:
One major drawback of (EC)DSA is that it requires a good RNG, otherwise the private key may be accidentally exposed. This is also one of the major reasons (I found so far) why no(?) smartcard supports any kind of DSA. In contrast to that, RSA, while usually being used for encryption, can also be used for digital signatures and behaves deterministic, i.e. signing the same message again will yield the same signature everytime. Lacking the requirement of a RNG (other than in key generation) this is why RSA is available on many smartcards, which would make bitcoin much safer without requiring a rather complicated offline-wallet setup.

So, does ECDSA provide anything bitcoin absolutely needs that RSA cannot achieve? Or is it merely bad luck in Satoshi's choice?


texts: Can Bitcoin.org precalculate bitcoin history and distribute it instead of requiring every new user calculate it for hours?

texts: I am trying to set up a desktop client of Bitcoin Core, downloaded from Bitcoin.org. The process requires me to download about 350 GB of data of all bitcoin transactions, but there is an option to prune it to size of user choice like 2 or 4 GB. Since the history is the same for all downloads, why not precalculate these 2 or 4 GB and distribute it to new users? Why it is required that they process all the data by their computer?


texts: what happens to spent bitcoins gained from a block of a soon to be dropped chain as a result of a fork?

texts: lets say i gained bitcoins for mining a block and then spent them on a transaction, then later the chain im using gets replaced because of a longer chain. assuming the block difference is up to where i got my spent bitcoins, what will happen to the transactions and coins i gained and spent from mining in my dropped chain?


texts: How do I get my public address in Bitcoin Core?

texts:
In a world of pain at the moment. I downloaded Bitcoin Core, and before I realised I'd need the complete downloaded Blockchain, my friend transferred some coins to my address.

I did some research and am trying to import my Bitcoin core private keys to Blockchain, therefore having access to my coins. My problem is, I can't get my public address. I have tried using several commands in the console window, and are able to unlock and lock. I've used 'listaddressgroupings' - which works, but the return is "[" and then "]" directly below?

I've also used getaccountaddress and getaddressesbyaccount "Your Address" with no luck.

Many thanks


texts:
I have three scenarios that I have a question about related to bitcoin, the IRS< and taxes.  I tried asking the finance types, but they didn't seem to really understand bitcoin and cryptocurrencies, especially on the latter two questions below this and I think this is a more appropriate community to ask since this is in your realm of expertise.

I buy a product with bitcoin.  The IRS only cares about the US dollar cost-basis for the purchase; that's it.  From this question, I file this on a 1040 Schedule D form.  For institution, do I list companies like Coinbase, BTCPop, and Magnr if these are the accounts where I sent money for a purchase?  What about if it's a wallet that I privately own?
I have several savings accounts that earn bitcoin on bitcoin (Magnr, BTCPop, exchange lending, etc) and I do not convert earned bitcoin back to US dollars (for now).  I do keep records of the total earned bitcoins for the accounts, but those are still in bitcoin.  Since this hasn't been converted to US dollars or any other fiat, what is owed on taxes at what cost basis, or do I wait until I convert these gains to US dollars?

Example: I earn 5 bitcoin on 100 bitcoins saved at BTCPop, but since I haven't sold those 5 bitcoins, there isn't an official US dollar cost basis that I'm aware of.  How are these 5 bitcoins taxed, or are they taxed when I finally sell them to US dollars or other fiat?

I buy a bitcoin at $400.  I take that bitcoin and swap it for Monero at $4.  I had 1 bitcoin that I swapped for 100 Monero.  Do I owe taxes when I swap from bitcoin to Monero, or when I swap back to US dollars or another form of fiat?

Thanks everyone.


texts: How do I withdraw bitcoins from my MtGox account?

texts:
I've purchased a few bitcoins on MtGox. Now I'd like to spend them. How can I actually spend the coins I purchased on MtGox?

I've looked around mtgox.com for any indication of private keys, bitcoins addresses, hashes etc but didn't see anything. I'm fairly new to Bitcoin so there's probably something fundamental I don't quite understand yet.

Cheers!


texts: How would you recommend parsing a private bitcoin core node with nodeJS?

texts: I just need to parse a private node and lookup one bitcoin address and get all transactions going in or out of the address preferably using nodeJS within the last 200 or so blocks. Any recommendations?


texts: How can a bitcoin exchange prove its solvency while maintaining privacy?

texts:
What methods can an exchange website use to prove that it actually has all its users' bitcoins?

These are the requirements:

User privacy is a must. No one should be able to tell how many bitcoins an account has (besides his own).
Total number of accounts should be kept secret.
Total number of bitcoins should be kept secret (if possible).

I've came across gmaxwell's transcript but it seems to lack many core details and I couldn't really grasp it in it's entirety.


texts: communicate programically Dash coin core wallet

texts:
I have installed dash coin wallet in my amazon server by using instruction from the below url

https://planetcrypton.com/install-dash-daemon

I want to communicate coin wallet via php programme. i just tried the below plugin to connect to the coin wallet from my server. But i coudnt connect to the coin wallet and it says "Empty reply from server0". i added the cofiguration details in the dash.conf file.

i give corresponding values in below configuration set up

rpcuser=<some_reallY_long_really_random_username>
rpcpassword=<some_really_long_really_random_password>
alertnotify=echo %s | mail -s "DASH Alert" <your@email-address.com>
server=1
daemon=1
addnode=23.23.186.131
listen=1
logtimestamps=1
maxconnections=256
masternode=0
masternodeaddr=<ip.add.re.ss>:9999
externalip=<ip.add.re.ss>

I only set the master node settings in my server because i dont want to connect the master node from the local system.I need to connect the wallet via programically. Can anyone please help me?


texts: importmulti with BIP84 derivation always fails

texts:
I have been trying to test importmulti with BIP84 derivation like so:

bitcoin-cli -rpcwallet=BIP84Test importmulti '[{ "desc": "wpkh([18734cbe/84'/0'/0']xpub6AC5B4KkrtMkXmzUWAiVVYWvhzwMJDX46ZJhm2tusm7SPc2KjeSqwEjLTaB8vAo7ev3zUFbGdWcX3EMy1ZQ9JxDgpc1pzBGLVpftq84naq5/0/*)#shfp59jm", "timestamp": "now", "range": [0, 99], "watchonly": true, "label": "Fully Noded Cold Storage", "keypool": true, "internal": false, "rescan": false }]'

But I always get an error:

-bash: syntax error near unexpected token `)'

I have tried replacing [18734cbe/84'/0'/0'] with [18734cbe/84h/0h/0h]

and [18734cbe/84\'/0\'/0\']

But it all returns errors. Is there anything obvious I am doing wrong?

I get the descriptor from getdescriptorinfo

EDIT:

Here is the fix which is working:

First get the descriptor using getdescriptorinfo then:

var descriptor = "\"\(result["descriptor"] as! String)\""

                descriptor = descriptor.replacingOccurrences(of: "4'", with: "4'\"'\"'")
                descriptor = descriptor.replacingOccurrences(of: "0'", with: "0'\"'\"'")

bitcoin-cli -rpcwallet=NewTest importmulti '[{ "desc": "wpkh([18734cbe/84'"'"'/0'"'"'/0'"'"']xpub6AC5B4KkrtMkXmzUWAiVVYWvhzwMJDX46ZJhm2tusm7SPc2KjeSqwEjLTaB8vAo7ev3zUFbGdWcX3EMy1ZQ9JxDgpc1pzBGLVpftq84naq5/0/*)#jun2ynxt", "timestamp": "now", "range": [0, 99], "watchonly": true, "label": "Fully Noded Cold Storage", "keypool": true, "internal": false }]' '{"rescan": false}'

result = (
        {
        success = 1;
    }
)

Very hacky but it works :)


texts: Is Bitcoin deflationary and inflationary at the same time?

texts:
I was wondering as Bitcoin is represented in the public and media as a deflationary currency (for more adept media as payment protocol). Is it really deflationary?

Deflation is described on Wikipedia as:

  In economics, deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services ...
  This allows one to buy more goods with the same amount of money over
  time.

Inflation is described on Wikipedia as:

  Economists generally believe that high rates of inflation and hyperinflation are caused by >an excessive growth of the money supply.

At the moment there is really an excessive growth of Bitcoin supply - in the past 4 years there was mined over 12 millions of bitcoins and will continue
 with every block rewarded by c. 2140 when all bitcoins are expected to be mined. So there will be only transaction fees as block rewards, which will  end the growth of the units supply.

Can we consider Bitcoin as inflationary and deflationary currency until 2140, because there are still new bitcoins generated until c. 2140?


texts:
BIP 113 mentions:

  Existing consensus rules guarantee this value to monotonically advance, thereby removing the capability for miners to claim more transaction fees by lying about the timestamps of their block.

Can you please explain where this guarantee comes from?


texts: Why do we often see 2 blocks mined within a few seconds of each other?

texts: This seems to happen far more frequently than one would expect from a Poisson distribution with a ~10 minute mean. Am I just bad at statistics or is something else going on?


texts: How can I tell if files from coldpi are backdoored?

texts:
I'm trying to install Armory on a Raspberry Pi.

I have tried installing the [Offline Bundle] for RaspberryPi (armhf) from http://bitcoinarmory.com but I'm getting compile errors on Raspbian. I also tried to update the g++ version with no luck.

So, I want to try with the files from http://coldpi.com/manuals/install.html

How to I know if these files are safe to use?


texts: how do i brute force my wallet.dat to get my private key

texts:
i am not really a computer programmer, but i want to get my private key from my wallet.dat, i have just the wallet.dat file and the public address where the bitcion was send. From my previous researches, i was told brute force the wallet is good to use, like i said i got just the wallet.dat file, but while trying to see on how i could proceed with the brute force process, it requires a hastcat and a master key whereas i have just the .dat file.
my question are

how do i get the hashcat? is there a site i will go and putin some particular word to be able to get the hashcat? if yes which word?

how do i get the master key as well since i have just the wallet.dat and the address in which the bitcoin was send to


texts: What happens to the bitcoin network when the miners all stop in the future?

texts: What happens to the bitcoin network when the miners all stop, years in the future after all the bitcoins have been mined?  How will the network continue to function?  Won't bitcoins then be useless?  What would be the incentive for an individual to continue using computational power to service all the transactions?  Isn't this like a ticking time bomb or is there something I'm not getting?


texts: How to send zero fee bitcoin transaction

texts: Please does anyone know how I can send zero fee bitchin transactions? I know if might not confirm, I just wanna know if there are any wallets or sites or softwares that I can use to accomplish this.


texts: Automated Testing using bitcoind in regtest mode, problems due to race condition

texts:
So I have multiple instances of bitcoind in regtest mode. 1 instance is for the app wallet and one stimulates a wallet of a possible user.

I want to perform various functional and integration tests of the app.

Basic example, if user sends bitcoin from his wallet is that bitcoin correctly received by the app.

The problem though is that there is a time delay before that receiving node notices the transaction (even when both instances are on same machine). This screws up my tests, I tried putting in a sleep(10) function in my test code and that increases the success, but sometimes they still fail and I cant have my automated tests taking so long. (plus its seems very inelegant).

I'm wondering how others deal with this.


texts: Is there a way to create a transaction that it can only be confirmed after another unrelated transaction has been confirmed?

texts:
Is there a way to create a transaction A that cannot be confirmed until B has been included in a block, although A does not build on any UTXO B creates?

B would have already been broadcast by another user at that point, and you'd only be able to control A.

Background:
I was following a discussion on reddit, where a user was entertaining the scenario that in the future a mining cartel might censor transactions. He suggested creating transactions A that would only become spendable in the event of a confirmation for the censored transaction B, i.e. lending your fee as additional financial incentive for some miner to include B and break the censorship.
I was wondering whether that would actually be possible. Sorry, I wasn't able to find the thread.


texts: In BitcoinJ, what is the purpose of Peer?

texts:
In BitcoinJ, there is PeerGroup and Peer.

I understand there are differences such as one is related to a group of peers while other is related to a single peer.

When should I use which construct? Are both necessary?

From the code, it seems that we should only be interested in PeerGroup and not Peer. Then whats the purpose of Peer?


texts: Using only Javascript and JS related Bitcoin Libraries. How do you extract the Bitcoin Address from a private key?

texts:
I'm building an js related application that only stores my user's bitcoin private keys, but not the public key or bitcoin address to save space.

Is there a javascript library that can output the bitcoin address by only providing the bitcoin private key as an input?


texts: Why getrawtransaction returns an HTTP STATUS CODE 500 for not found transactions?

texts:
As far as I understand, if you supply a made up TxID to the getrawtransaction RPC API, it should return an error code that suggests the record is not found (i.e. 404 HTTP STATUS CODE?). However, in bitcoin-core 0.12.1 and 0.13.1 it's returning 500-Internal Server Error, as if the node had some problem processing the request.

FYI, I have txindex=1 enabled in this node, so it's not because of the lack of data. Should this be fixed upstream or is it already fixed? Or is there a better reason for why this is the case?


texts:
ive been using bitcoin since early 2013 and yesterday my transaction got "stuck" when trying to send some bitcoin to my Xapo wallet, this has never happened to me before.

im kind of scared that i can lose this 250$, any help/information would be nice :)

heres the transaction: https://insight.bitpay.com/tx/ce5a327293c4f4b046bc7e1ab5ee9f06ecbdf4da37e78c75a506627d6ecd12d7


texts: This looks like a complex thing but I am trying hard to understand it. Why would any one in the world honor a crypto currency till it is backed by a government with monetary value? How does a crypto currency get its monetary value? Who will back it?


texts: Difference between transaction chain vs blockchain

texts:
What are the difference between transaction chain in bitcoin and blockchain used in bitcoin?

Is it sufficient to say to each transaction refers to previous transactions in the transaction chain and also each transaction is part of a block which is a part of blockchain?


texts: What is the true number of confirmations before a LTC mined block moves out of the immature state?

texts:
I've read it's 100, 101, 120...

I have a mined block that has more than 140 confirmations but is still displayed as "immature" by the wallet.

How many confirmations are required before it leaves the immature state?  Is this number variable?

Thanks


texts: Why are there so many large transactions on the blockchain?

texts:
On block explorer you can see a list of the latest bitcoin transactions. I have watched it for a couple of minutes now, and I have already seen about ten transactions in the range of 250+ bitcoins, which translates to millions of US dollars.

Is there a reason that there are so many large transactions on the blockchain?


texts:
What are some examples of companies that have abandoned Bitcoin payment processors in favor of in house Bitcoin integration?

For example which companies previously relied on Coinbase or Bitpay that now accept Bitcoin directly without the assistance of any 3rd party payment processors?


texts:
Considering the trade information reported here: https://btc-e.com/api/3/trades/btc_usd

Do these refer to open orders, or to completed trades?  If this shows only completed trades, does the API offer a means to retrieve the open orders?
Each record has an 'amount' field.  Is this field always in USD for both bids and asks?


texts:
I have issues running Bitcoin core.

Steps

Install brand new Windows Server 2012 machine.
I installed Bitcoin core.
It ran ok for 8 hours.
RPC server of bitcoin core goes down.
When I do CMD> netstat -an (to see the running ports.)

I cannot see port 8332 running ( also no response )
8333 is running.

Please help,
Thank you


texts: library for validating bitcoin private and public keys

texts:
I am building a python script that gets a string and determines if it is a valid bitcoin private key or public key, and if so it returns its type/format (base58, BIP32, HexaDecimal etc.) and its derivations (public key from private key and address from public key).
Is there any free library that I can use its code inside mine, to get those details?
I have tried to do so myself but there are a lot of formats of keys and mathematical computations for validation and derivation the keys.
Thank you.


texts: How does bitcoin core save raw transaction data?

texts:
I had a few questions. I've looked extensively online and can't seem to get answers right on point.

I just started a full node using bitcoin core and it is currently syncing/validating the past blockchain and catching up. I understand that the default setting in bitcoin core is that non-wallet transaction data is not stored on your harddrive in the blockchain data. My questions are then:

Is transaction specific data (ie: bitcoin address, time, inputs/outpus, etc...) stored in any of my raw data (eg: blk.dat file)?
How does my node verify/validate the past blocks without knowing the transactions from that block? I'm assuming other nodes don't store the transaction data so how is it that my node obtains the transactions to do a full validation of the particular block?
If the transactions are not stored on my computer, how do I have a full copy of the blockchain? I thought this was one of the points of running a node - you have a full backup of the entire blockchain. How could I reproduce the entire blockchain (if needed) without having the transaction data within each block?
If transaction are not stored, what exactly is stored in the block data and how is that useful? Is there a way to decode or use a mechanism to obtain the transaction information from the raw block data files?
If transaction data is not stored in the block data of your computer (ie: txindex=0), how can you reproduce all the transactions if needed without having to download anything or connect to intenet to get it from other nodes if say you were the last node with a copy of the blockchain (eg: in case of an emergency if say, theoretically, all blockchains were somehow deleted and mine was the only one left)?
Do I need to enable txindex=1 to have raw transaction data stored on my node? Or is it stored and accessible if needed without this enabled?

would really appreciate your help!!


texts: Can I still transfer USD from MtGox to Dwolla?

texts:
Can I still transfer USD from MtGox to Dwolla, and then Dwolla to my bank account? I've done this several times in the past, before the DHS seizure of MtGox's Dwolla funds. It's hard to get an anwser from MtGox.
I've got about 5-10 Bitcoins I'd like to convert to USD.


texts:
Recently, my full node (Bitcoin Core 0.14.2) displays this for both HD and non-HD wallets:

  Warning: Unknown block versions being mined! It's possible unknown rules are in effect

What does this mean?


texts: receive payement bitcoin api like blockchain API v1?

texts:
I am looking for a API function as the first version of the API blockchain.info (no API key).

If there are none, I'd like you to tell me where to turn to create an API with a similar operation and a callback.

Thank you.


texts: obtaining currency exchange rate values for different coins via apis

texts:
ive been trying to work out what the best way of obtaining the exchange rate of a bitcoin or any other digital currency is via online resources for a website I want to build.

I've seen this question/answer here; Displaying price in BTC based on USD exchange rate

So sure thats easy but what about other coins against the dollar or against bitcoins.  Am I going to have to obtain all this info from different sources?


texts: Does each block contain all the Bitcoin transactions for that time period?

texts:
When a miner validates a block, does the block contain all transactions in Bitcoin for that time period? So does a miner validate an individual transaction between two parties, or are they validating transactions between all the parties in Bitcoin for that time period.

When you read examples about a transaction in Bitcoin, it makes it seem like each individual transaction (e.g. 1 Bitcoin from Bob to Alice) is its own block, validated by a miner.


texts:
Why does Bitcoin consensus require blocks to contain only non negative fee transactions? Also why does the coinbase have to be the first transaction in a block with this rule lifted?

Instead of having those rules, which need to be special cases in the software, I suppose one could just have this rule:

  The sum of all outputs in a block minus the sum of all input values in the block must not exceed the block reward.

This rule is already in place to check the block reward, so the other two rules seem useless. A miner which includes a transaction with a negative fee will have to pay for it by the one rule, so nothing bad can happen.

If Bitcoin was using just this one rule I could imagine interesting things could be done with CPFP.

One possible reason I could think of was spam protection, however nothing prevents me from creating a huge amount of spam transactions with 0 or 1 satoshi/B anyway.


texts: Current bitcointalk.org probation period and rules

texts:
I see this, but don't understand and is a bit old Can't post on bitcointalk.org.

What are bitcointalk.org current probation rules/period?

Is it true that you have to pay to participate on that forum?

Don't see any restrictions here: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1689727.0 but maybe I didn't notice.


texts: transfer Bitcoin without synchronizing Bitcoin core

texts:
I installed Bitcoin core recently but its not synchronizing right now. I sent one address from file menu like this below to one of my friend and he is send me some Bitcoin:

13BuBwcQM2WwedYzqkccovjYYPKBAc6RWE

The problem is that I haven't enough storage in my PC to download all of the data so I can't synchronize my bit-coin core and it shows 0.00 balance. I have another Bitcoin wallet in https://blockchain.info site

How I can send my Bitcoin to my new wallet?

If I uninstalled my Bitcoin core wallet, will my bit coin be lost?


texts: How do I get the trading screen I see on Cryprocurrency videos

texts:
I see you tube videos of people checking crypto prices. It looks like a stockbrokers screen. It must be some kind of software. Does anyone know what it is?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5J5ppaAxTvU

Here is the You Tube video, you can see the software he is using.


texts: Can the number of transactions per second ever overwhelm the network?

texts:
I'm coming at this from a point of view that assumes Bitcoin has been widely adopted as a currency worldwide and is essentially mainstream. Every day people are using Bitcoin in the same way that they use their credit cards today.

Will the transaction volume at this level be sufficient to overwhelm the Bitcoin network given that transactions are processed differently to those of the credit card companies?


texts: What are the factors that drive the cost of bitcoin mining?

texts: Bitcoin mining is vital for maintaining the integrity of the blockchain ledger. If the cost of bitcoin mining gets too high and enough miners give up, the ledger will not be maintained properly and many transactions will fail. To understand this risk, I would like to understand the factors that drive the cost of bitcoin mining.


texts: Bitcoin.org In Inaccessible at My University

texts:
Any connection to bitcoin.org from the Iowa State University campus times out (HTTP[S] and ping).  It has been this way for years and IT "doesn't know anything about why it's not working."  I've also tried contacting Black Lotus and now Level 3, but neither replied.  I can work around the block, but I don't like doing that for every update of Bitcoin Core.

How would I go about contacting someone who has the power to troubleshoot the problem from the server's end?


texts: Checksum vs. Hash: Differences and Similarities ?

texts:
What are similarities and differences between a "checksum" algorithm and a "hash" function?

Can they be used instead of each other? Or their usage are different?

For example, for verifying the integrity of a text, which one is better to be used?


texts:
I'm interested in dabbling with mining. I see that there are at least 2 pieces of software that are used when participating in the Bitcoin network:

InstaWallet
BitcoinD (the daemon)

I guess I'm looking for an intro to all the different software I'll need to even get my foot in the door, as well as any other "must haves" for a miner's software stack (for users or developers alike). Thanks in advance!


texts: For a bitcoin-forked complementary currency: would it be difficult / impossible to limit the mining to some agents on the market?

texts:
Am I right that by implementation everybody with a client is theoretically able to mine?

However, thinking about a Bitcoin implementation for a locally limited complementary currency:

Would it be possible (without changing half the code base) to limit the right to mine to some charitable groups and giving the other agents just the permission to do transactions?


texts: How Many Clients Could Not Send to Bech32 Addresses?

texts:
For my client, I have set up a custom BTC payment solution using BTCPay Server.  The wallets I have configured in BTCPay Server produce only bech32 (bc1xxx) addresses for payments (cheapest transaction fees).
My client (who ordered the solution) has asked me how many of his customers would be unable to send a payment to a bech32 address?
His concern is that his clients will be unable to pay their invoices in BTC because their wallets will be unable to send payments to the bech32 addresses.
As I can see it, I can go back to my client with one of the following two answers:

Nearly all (??%) of wallets can send to bech32 including all\most commercial wallet providers so you don't need to worry, or
This is a problem and instead of bech32 addresses I need to set up a payment wallet that supports legacy addresses (either 1xxx or 3xxx).

Could someone please tell me whether I can reassure him that the solution is fine as is, or whether I need to add legacy address support into it?


texts: What is the key differences between bitcoin-qt, bitcoin-cli, bitcoind, bitcoin rpc, and daemon?

texts:
Can someone please give a brief explanation on these? I'm getting very confused with the differences, and every tutorial article I read uses these terms interchangeably (I'm trying to set up a pruned node...)

bitcoin-qt
bitcoin-cli
bitcoind
bitcoin-rpc
daemon

Thank you!


texts: Trying to transfer BTC from Coinbase to Binance, commission 13 USD?

texts:
So basically I bought the equivalent of 100EUR in BTC with CoinBase (they took 3 EUR for this operation)

Now I would like to buy other currencies with binance, but if I try to send my BTC to my Binance BTC address it says the network fee are 13 USD.

Are them really so high? Is there something else that i could do?


texts: Why can't lightning network channels increase balances？

texts: If A and B have a Lightning Network channel，it was opened with a funding transaction (say, 1BTC from both sides for 2BTC total).  After A has spent some time transacting with B, the balance of the balance of the channel will be spent and then the channel will be closed with a confirmation transaction. Why doesn't the Lightning Network support additional funding transactions within this existing channel so that A and B can continue use this channel for transactions?


texts: Can someone find out how much bitcoin do I have using my public key?

texts:
Im pretty new to bitcoins, so I may have a silly question.
Imagine that someone has my public key. Can he find out how much bitcoin do I have? only using my public key?


texts:
I know with bitcoind, you can easily start the daemon and call some commands.

But with armoryd, I start it up with a wallet argument.

What are some examples of using the JSON-RPC to call a method for it?

For example, with bitcoind I can type in my shell:

bitcoind listaccounts

Is there a easy way to get my armoryd daemon to do the same?


texts: What's the risk of publicizing a Bitcoin address?

texts: What's the risk of public Bitcoin address, except  person - account link is publically known. Or, is it preferable to have one such account?


texts: Public bitcoin node accessible to web code?

texts:
I want to connect to the bitcoin network and broadcast a transaction.

I can't run my own bitcoin node on localhost because I'm in php on a web server (shared host), is there an internet-accessible open-to-the-public trusted reliable well-known node I can use?

Even blockchain.info api requires a local service to be running, so that won't work.


texts: When (or) do ICO tokens go to an exchange?

texts:
Scenario:
Company A sells "tokens" in an ICO, directly from the site.

How does one investing in an ICO know if those tokens will or won't, go to an exchange?
If they will, how would one know the exact date it goes to the exchange?
How would one know which exchange it will go to?
How would one find similar alt-coins that are brand new, and trade them?
Which exchanges (if any) allow sorting on newest altcoins added, to their exchange?

On a similar note:

There are thousnads of "Ethereum based" ICO tokens, but on Bittrex (for example), the Ethereum market only has a small fraction of those alt-coins....where are all the others?


texts: If only one Bitcoin miner gets the block reward, is it worth mining only for the transaction fees as a (not-so-competitive) solo miner?

texts:
I have heard (but not that knowledgeable) about mining-pools. If a weak system joins the pool, it has a chance to get a portion of the block reward, but I assume that not all of the miners are joined to a mining pool.
If I use my average PC for Bitcoin mining, it is a very low probability that I will be the first to solve the hash problem, thus, I won't earn the block reward most probably. I will only be rewarded with the fees with respect to the calculations I have made. So my question has two parts;

I assume that the numbers showing the average revenue generated from mining includes both the transaction fees and block rewards, is that correct?
If that is the case, then shouldn't the weak miners consider a lower average revenue, until they earn the block reward with such low probabilities?

Please correct any points that I might have been wrong about. Thanks in advance.


texts: How to calculate trading fees ahead of time?

texts:
I'd like to determine what trading fees to expect before placing an order.

According to https://www.bitstamp.net/fee_schedule/ Bitstamp's trading fees depend upon the USD total of a customer’s last 30 days worth of transactions.

How can one calculate this amount using the Bitstamp API? It doesn't seem to be possible.


texts: Can a Wallet Generated by Linux Multibit Client be Used with Windows Multibit client?

texts:
Probably a stupid question.

I am planning to create cold storage using Multibit on Ubuntu LiveCD, get the wallet file out of it and store it securely.

In future if I use a Windows PC with Multibit and use the cold storage wallet file with it, should it work fine? Or the wallet file structure are different for Linux and Windows Multibit clients?

Thanks.


texts: Is there Windows based mining software that allows you to set precentage of GPU/CPU or set low priority

texts:
Essentially the title is my question.

I have 3 Windows boxes that already run 24/7 for specific low CPU usage tasks.
Was hoping I could find mining software I could run on them that will not affect their functionality.

If not I might be able to "schedule" mining for off peak times?

Sorry if these are dumb questions but very new to all this.


texts: Extract output address from raw script in bitcoin protocol

texts:
I'm working on bitcoin protocol and exactly i want to extract raw script from output script to gain address from tx messages.

for common scripts, like scripts start with 0x76(means OP_DUP),  we can access to address with these steps:

add zeros to start of raw script.
hash with sha256.
hashed with sha256 again.
grab the first 4 bytes of this result and stick them on the end
of the raw script with leading zeros
then encode with base58.
at the end, add "1" to start of last output to gain output address.

these steps are suitable for common scripts, but for scripts like this

410498361908359fec5adaa624428484e7d117f36f811c7c471f4f1c7dd8184c20b32f0e2590c8d70906ebd585da2ae14ea942e4088891139379b434a26173754750ac

which is means:

PUSH(0x41) 0498361908359fec5adaa624428484e7d117f36f811c7c471f4f1c7dd8184c20b32f0e2590c8d70906ebd585da2ae14ea942e4088891139379b434a26173754750 ac

it didn't work and the generated output isn't valid.


texts: ECDSA Input When Transferring Bitcoin From Owner A to Owner B

texts:
I want to get my terms right and master how transactions work within the Bitcoin network.

Keeping things simple, when Alice wants to transfer 1 BTC to Bob, Alice signs a message with her private key. That message is passed to an ECDSA encoding function and prepared as a Sig. Alice also has Bob's public address.

I think what happens is that a transaction (record?--can it be called that?) is prepared that consists of a back-link to Alice's Tx ID, the recipient (Bob's) Public Key, Input/Outputs for the coin, and possibly other data. A hash of all of the data for Bob's transaction record is used as the new Tx ID. This record then floats around as an unconfirmed transaction in the transaction pool.

Upon verification, the Sig in Bob's unconfirmed transaction is validated with Alice's Public Key by passing the unconfirmed transaction's Sig, message, and Alice's public key to a ECDSA verification algorithm and examining the true/false result (true meaning that the message indeed was signed by Alice).

My Questions (all brief answers, I think):

0) Is it okay to refer to the data structure for a transaction as a "transaction record"?

1) I don't see exactly where Bob's public address is used other than to populate the new transaction record. Does it mean that once the transaction is confirmed, Bob can just see it in his wallet and only he can spend the coin in that transaction because only he has its private key?

2) What data elements, specifically, are in the message (highlighted above)?

3) Bob's Public Address is actually Base58 encoded. Does that mean that when the new transaction for Bob is created, the Bitcoin client first decodes the Base58-encoded Public Address back to a Public Key so that it's the Public Key that gets stored in the new transaction record rather than the Public Address?

Thank you.


texts: how to find name wallet with a btc adress

texts:
I sent Bitcoin from one address to another, but I no longer remember the name of the digital currency wallet.
Is there any way to find out its name using a Bitcoin address?
please help me


texts: Recovering private key when someone uses the same k twice in ECDSA signatures

texts:
In this blog: https://web.archive.org/web/20160308014317/http://www.nilsschneider.net/2013/01/28/recovering-bitcoin-private-keys.html
the author showed a case that using same k twice will leak private key.
Many people know this method. But I find sometimes, the formula can not give the right answer(or I compute wrong).
Look at this, you can verify signatures by public key:
public_key = 02a50eb66887d03fe186b608f477d99bc7631c56e64bb3af7dc97e71b917c5b364
msghash1 = 01b125d18422cdfa7b153f5bcf5b01927cf59791d1d9810009c70cd37b14f4e6
msghash2 = 339ff7b1ced3a45c988b3e4e239ea745db3b2b3fda6208134691bd2e4a37d6e1
sig1 = 304402200861cce1da15fc2dd79f1164c4f7b3e6c1526e7e8d85716578689ca9a5dc349d02206cf26e2776f7c94cafcee05cc810471ddca16fa864d13d57bee1c06ce39a3188
sig2 = 304402200861cce1da15fc2dd79f1164c4f7b3e6c1526e7e8d85716578689ca9a5dc349d02204ba75bdda43b3aab84b895cfd9ef13a477182657faaf286a7b0d25f0cb9a7de2

So input data:
r=0861cce1da15fc2dd79f1164c4f7b3e6c1526e7e8d85716578689ca9a5dc349d
s1=6cf26e2776f7c94cafcee05cc810471ddca16fa864d13d57bee1c06ce39a3188
s2=4ba75bdda43b3aab84b895cfd9ef13a477182657faaf286a7b0d25f0cb9a7de2
z1=01b125d18422cdfa7b153f5bcf5b01927cf59791d1d9810009c70cd37b14f4e6
z2=339ff7b1ced3a45c988b3e4e239ea745db3b2b3fda6208134691bd2e4a37d6e1

I work out:
private key = eaa57720a5b012351d42b2d9ed6409af2b7cff11d2b8631684c1c97f49685fbb
public key = 04e0e81185567ea58fc7e7258aa4d5c3e201a8d4ce2810c1007d87727a67eeb9a8c2ba06935280209f8bf42fc7603b65095f036044c4124ddf7c6a250cb450e4c8

However, it's wrong.
I'm using this python code to compute:
# this function is from
# https://github.com/warner/python-ecdsa/blob/master/ecdsa/numbertheory.py
def inverse_mod( a, m ):
    """Inverse of a mod m."""
    if a < 0 or m <= a: a = a % m
    # From Ferguson and Schneier, roughly:
    c, d = a, m
    uc, vc, ud, vd = 1, 0, 0, 1
    while c != 0:
        q, c, d = divmod( d, c ) + ( c, )
        uc, vc, ud, vd = ud - q*uc, vd - q*vc, uc, vc

    # At this point, d is the GCD, and ud*a+vd*m = d.
    # If d == 1, this means that ud is a inverse.
    assert d == 1
    if ud > 0: return ud
    else: return ud + m

def derivate_privkey(p, r, s1, s2, hash1, hash2):
    z = hash1 - hash2
    s = s1 - s2
    r_inv = inverse_mod(r, p)
    s_inv = inverse_mod(s, p)
    k = (z * s_inv) % p
    d = (r_inv * (s1 * k - hash1)) % p
    return d, k

p  = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141

# this case is right
public_key=0x04dbd0c61532279cf72981c3584fc32216e0127699635c2789f549e0730c059b81ae133016a69c21e23f1859a95f06d52b7bf149a8f2fe4e8535c8a829b449c5ff
r =0xd47ce4c025c35ec440bc81d99834a624875161a26bf56ef7fdc0f5d52f843ad1
s1=0x44e1ff2dfd8102cf7a47c21d5c9fd5701610d04953c6836596b4fe9dd2f53e3e
s2=0x9a5f1c75e461d7ceb1cf3cab9013eb2dc85b6d0da8c3c6e27e3a5a5b3faa5bab
z1=0xc0e2d0a89a348de88fda08211c70d1d7e52ccef2eb9459911bf977d587784c6e
z2=0x17b0f41c8c337ac1e18c98759e83a8cccbc368dd9d89e5f03cb633c265fd0ddc
print "private:%x\n random:%x" % derivate_privkey(p,r,s1,s2,z1,z2)
print

# this case can be wrong
public_key=0x02a50eb66887d03fe186b608f477d99bc7631c56e64bb3af7dc97e71b917c5b364
r =0x0861cce1da15fc2dd79f1164c4f7b3e6c1526e7e8d85716578689ca9a5dc349d
s1=0x6cf26e2776f7c94cafcee05cc810471ddca16fa864d13d57bee1c06ce39a3188
s2=0x4ba75bdda43b3aab84b895cfd9ef13a477182657faaf286a7b0d25f0cb9a7de2
z1=0x01b125d18422cdfa7b153f5bcf5b01927cf59791d1d9810009c70cd37b14f4e6
z2=0x339ff7b1ced3a45c988b3e4e239ea745db3b2b3fda6208134691bd2e4a37d6e1

print "private:%x\n random:%x" % derivate_privkey(p,r,s1,s2,z1,z2)

In fact, there have another one met this problem:
https://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/16615/ecdsa-how-to-retrieve-a-non-random-k
But he didn't gave more infomation, maybe he figured it out.
I have not found more people complaining about it, so, it's likely my fault somehow.
Can you point out my error? or just point out the right way? Thank you.


texts:
My C: drive is almost full from the blockchain being installed and I'm wanting to move it. I have D: drive with well over enough space and want to know if I

-Pause the install of the chain and close bitcoin
-Add the -datadir=D:\BitcoinData to the properties of BitcoinCore
-Then open BitcoinCore

I am wondering
if it will it continue from where it left off in the new directory? (With all existing blocks moved into the new directory as well)

I do NOT want to have to reinstall the chain..


texts: When would I change my Ripple client's Web Socket IP and Blob vault URL?

texts:
What are the scenarios (value-add businesses) that would get users to edit the default ripple client and use a custom

Web Socket IP: Port
Blob vault URL

Why even make this a configuration option?  What is the envisioned benefits?  Is this related to a "gateway"?


texts: is bitcoin stability by securitization possible?

texts:
Bitcoin is subject to high volatility with little means of hedging. The available ways of hedging being to be short or buy puts on VERY ILLIQUID exchanges that contain no market participants, no market makers, or any order book depth.

could a hedged bitcoin fund with redeemable shares act as a stabilized security?

This, of course, creates a quasi-central banker role, where proper management can lead to stability, but proper management may not always be. But it is more inline with commodity hedging, where a producer (of crops for instance), hedges his output with futures. Such a quasi-hybrid role being fit for a quasi-commodity currency.

As such, an Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) or Exchange Traded Notes (ETN) can be created on existing exchanges. Securitization is practically the wild west even amongst the myriad of regulators, making the leverage and hedging possibilities endless.

Anyway, thoughts on why this would or would not work for bitcoin as the underlying asset?

proper tags: securitization, securities, etf, etn, hedging


texts: What is the Big-O for LN bandwidth? Can anyone answer this or provide a link to a spec that is sufficient enough for us to calculate it?

texts:
When I worked at Google, if someone wanted to deploy a network application they would need to provide a document to the SREs detailing the behaviour of the application at scale in terms of Big-O. Does something like this exist for LN?

I understand that we would have to make some assumptions about the network topology, that's fine. What I really need to know is simply what are all the network functions and when do they fire.


texts:
I have a product that is in development and I want to allow people to buy something like bonds to raise money for the project. I was thinking to develop my own protocol for defining these bond certificates but first I want to check if Bitcoin provides something for it.

Some of the requirements are:

Bonds are sold sequentially and have serial numbers. Each subsequent bond is a little bit (a fraction of a penny) more expensive than the previous bond sold.
Bonds have to be splitable just like share splits.
People should be able to buy anonymously and receive a bond certificate without providing an email, or any identifiable addresses.
Should be able to validate bond certificates with a public key.
At the bond's maturity time, the shareholder (bond owner) should be able to claim that they own in with a private key.

Are there any Bitcoin features to help with this?

Thanks!


texts: Inconsistency in pubkey hashes usage explanation

texts:
I am learning about blockchain and reading a lot of stuff, but one question bothers me for last few days.
So in docs they say that P2PKH transactions use hash of the public key instead of a public key and they persistently put a following reason behind this: usage of hash of a public key obfuscates the real public key which may provide some additional security.

Ok, hash really obfuscates. So in the pubkey script of the transaction output I will use the hash of the pk and in that way will not expose to the P2P network the real pk of the transaction recipient. But at the same time, when transaction recipient wants to spend it he will need to provide matching signature script and there he needs to insert full unhashed public key, which will then be broadcasted to P2P network in his next transaction.

So why the hack they repeat saying in different lectures that using hash of the pk obfuscates and hides the real full pk, while at the same time everyone will see and have full pk when spender submits his next transaction?
Do I miss something important here?


texts: C# How to determine if a bitcoin address was generated by a BIP32 pub key?

texts:
I want to create a boolean result method WasGeneratedBy that takes two params, a bitcoin address, and a BIP32 pub key.  Is there an efficient algorithm (and library, NBitcoin?) to accomplish this?

EDIT:

I'm showing my BIP32 newbieness..  Based upon the first response I received, I would like to modify my desired method such that all required parameters are present (including path).  This method gets its information from public web service so obviously that precludes any private keys or other that the user would be unlikely to submit.

I believe this should be possible given this blockchain.info example

https://blockchain.info/xpub/xpub6CUGRUonZSQ4TWtTMmzXdrXDtypWKiKrhko4egpiMZbpiaQL2jkwSB1icqYh2cfDfVxdx4df189oLKnC5fSwqPfgyP3hooxujYzAu3fDVmz


texts: Is the timestamp in the genesis block relevant?

texts:
Bitcoin's genesis block contains this text published in The Times on January 3rd, 2009:

The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks

According to the Bitcoin Wiki, this guarantees that the block was only created after this date.

What would be the problem of using any other random quote?


texts: Any side-effects of upgrading to HD wallet in relationship to hard forks

texts:
I have a very old wallet that I created about 7.5 years ago. I realize that I need to upgrade to a BIP32 (HD) wallet. I am up to date with the latest Bitcoin Core and have kept it relatively up-to-date throughout the years. My question isn't how to backup or upgrade my wallet.

Would/could there be any side-effects of upgrading my wallet to an HD wallet BEFORE I claim my BCH/BSV/BTG coins? I would like to understand the exact specifics on what happens when I upgrade my wallet and any impacts it might have (or none) before I upgrade.


texts: Is it actually possible to pay ONE fee but make many transactions?

texts:
I heard that apparently, exchanges and similar "load up" and then "batch-send" many Bitcoin transactions at once, with just one fee, instead of sending each one with a separate fee.
Is this actually possible? Is it easy to do? Should I be doing it for all my "withdrawals"? Will it save me lots of money versus making separate Bitcoin transactions for each customer? (I'm not running or planning on running an exchange, but a Bitcoin-based service where people will get sent Bitcoin.)


texts: Multiple spending transactions from a single Bitcoin address?

texts:
Supposing I am having 100 BTC in a single Bitcoin address and I send 1BTC to each individual ( total 100 individuals) and I have instantiated all of these transactions in one go( assuming that they will be running parallely).
Also, assuming that it takes 10 minutes to validate a transaction, How much time will it take for the 100th transaction to be validated? Will the time depends on the previous unconfirmed transactions? ( Consider that there is no double spending here)


texts: Unconfirmed Transaction is stuck from last three days

texts:
https://blockstream.info/tx/8504d29348a9bb33e0b4c73538f5dd04464bfe11d45445e55e1524102a656d23
This transaction is stuck from last three days. Need help pls


texts: How to setup cgminer.conf for solo mining?

texts: How can I configure an ASIC such as S9 using cgminer.conf, in order to do solo mining? I would appreciate a guidance for creating the config file.


texts: Is there a way to reindex from disk but not start from blk0000.dat?

texts:
While my Bitcoin-Qt was synchronizing, I ran into the following error:

It first loaded full blocks from blk00000.dat to blk00217.dat file (with file size about 131 MB per file). Then Bitcoin-Qt indexed everything from rev00000.dat to rev00214 (with file size about 17 MB per file), but skipped rev00215 and rev00216, and just created rev00217.

Now Bitcoin-Qt is stuck synchronizing with network but doesn't load more block. The block number is constant.

I ran Bitcoin-Qt for 9 more days. I want to keep all index data completed (to blk00214) and continue reindex from right before where the error occurred (blk00215), rather than restarting from the beginning. Is there a way to reindex from a certain point?

Please help!


texts:
When I send payment to a testnet address generated by Mycelium Gear, it doesn't see the transaction even when it's included in a block.
Blockcypher.com, blockexplorer.com, blockchain.info and blocktrail.com see the transaction, though blocktrail seems to have indexing lag: it can't find the transaction by payment address, only by transaction id.

If Gear uses blocktrail API, this could be the reason.

Does anyone know a workaround, without using block chain exploration apis by myself?


texts: How do exchange sites know all user deposit transactions?

texts:
If they use transaction/wallet listener, how do they detect deposit transactions when their services are not running, do they fetch blocks at every height to scan for deposits to avoid any missing?
Thanks,


texts: How do I get a vanity address from a hierarchal deterministic wallet?

texts:
I'm interested in finding different techniques that can be used to create vanity addresses with a BIP32 address.

For example, can any of this computation be offloaded to a dedicated server, or a 3rd party?


texts:
I am planning on powering up Antminer S7 with dual power supply per usermanual (https://shop.bitmain.com/files/download/Antminer%20S7%20user%20guide.pdf) page 4.  It does not say minimum power requirement for PSU1 and PSU2.

Two boards with 950Watt and 1 Board with 850 Watt.

I plan on using regular power mode without over clocking.  So can it be safe to assume I only need 450 Watt per board and 950 Watt for two board will be just enough?  Will it work?


texts:
Is there any pool where I can complete mining work for a mining pool via and http requests? Some sort of API?

I have access to a lot of computational power that I want to route to a mining pool using php..

Something like this:

1) visit url (including login details)

2) response includes mining work/problem

3) visit different url to submit completed work and have tiny payout from pool


texts:
I'm trying to communicate with the new Bitcoin-Qt -server via a command line on Mac. I run ./Bitcoin-Qt -server, the application starts, but my terminal window is stuck on an empty line (no matter what I type in, there is no response). Only when I quit Bitcoin am I able to run any commands, but then I can't communicate with Bitcoin, because it is already off.

How do I start Bitcoin-Qt -server on Mac and control it through command line?


texts: How do I see what version of bitcoin core my wallet uses

texts: I use the multibit wallet which I understand doesn't download the whole bitcoin core i.e. the entire block chain, but it must use the bitcoin core protocol right? So how do I see which version of the protocol my wallet is using?


texts: If I accidentally delete an address with funds

texts:
If the address is deleted (while using an online provider like CoinJar), does that mean the coins are lost for good?

Or all public/private keys are still held by the company and the address deleted (and coins) can be recovered?

Would the securing of public and private keys be treated the same by most online wallet service providers?


texts: "tx" array inside blocks contains transactions hashes?

texts: When I use the "getblock " command on my bitcoin core client, it returns, beside other things, an array called "tx" with hundreds of hashes. Are these the individual transactions hashes or something else? If they are really transactions hashes, does the client keep the unhashed transactions in other structure and do I access it through other command?


texts:
I'm trying to understand the signing function secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_sign(), and I'm curious about the nonce usage here.

static int secp256k1_ecdsa_sig_sign(const secp256k1_ecmult_gen_context *ctx, secp256k1_scalar *sigr, secp256k1_scalar *sigs, const secp256k1_scalar *seckey, const secp256k1_scalar *message, const secp256k1_scalar *nonce, int *recid) {
  unsigned char b[32];
  secp256k1_gej rp;
  secp256k1_ge r;
  secp256k1_scalar n;
  int overflow = 0;

  secp256k1_ecmult_gen(ctx, &rp, nonce);
  secp256k1_ge_set_gej(&r, &rp);
  secp256k1_fe_normalize(&r.x);
  secp256k1_fe_normalize(&r.y);
  secp256k1_fe_get_b32(b, &r.x);
  secp256k1_scalar_set_b32(sigr, b, &overflow);
  /* These two conditions should be checked before calling */
  VERIFY_CHECK(!secp256k1_scalar_is_zero(sigr));
  VERIFY_CHECK(overflow == 0);

  if (recid) {
    /* The overflow condition is cryptographically unreachable as hitting   it requires finding the discrete log
     * of some P where P.x >= order, and only 1 in about 2^127 points meet this criteria.
     */
     *recid = (overflow ? 2 : 0) | (secp256k1_fe_is_odd(&r.y) ? 1 : 0);
  }
  secp256k1_scalar_mul(&n, sigr, seckey);
  secp256k1_scalar_add(&n, &n, message);
  secp256k1_scalar_inverse(sigs, nonce);
  secp256k1_scalar_mul(sigs, sigs, &n);
  secp256k1_scalar_clear(&n);
  secp256k1_gej_clear(&rp);
  secp256k1_ge_clear(&r);

  if (secp256k1_scalar_is_zero(sigs)) {
    return 0;
  }

  if (secp256k1_scalar_is_high(sigs)) {
    secp256k1_scalar_negate(sigs, sigs);

    if (recid) {
      *recid ^= 1;
    }

  }

  return 1;
}

I'm familiar with the standard ECDSA, but what exactly is being done with the nonce here and why?

Thanks!


texts: Can an account prefix in a NXT clone blockchain be longer than three characters?

texts: I'm getting errors setting up the account prefix after cloning NXT with the Nxt Blockchain Creation Kit. Are there restrictions on how many characters?


texts: Forgot wallet encryption password, are any brute force tools available?

texts:
I have an idea of what my password should be, but am missing something.

Are there any tools or bash scripts to brute force my wallet passwords?

If a dictionary is required, I can pre seed it as necessary (but if I pre-seed a dictionary with my expected passwords that utility better be FOSS so I can review the source ;)  )


texts: I was on KuCoin and accidentally sent BTC to the BCH address (thinking I was buying BCH). Of course nothing shows in the BCH wallet on KuCoin. I can see it on the blackchain but cannot access it.


texts: If bitcoin is indivisible, where does change come from?

texts: Let's say I want to give Alice .22 BTC. I currently have in my wallet 1 BTC. Because Bitcoin is indivisible, I have to spend the 1 BTC I have as input, and .78 BTC will be returned to me as change, while the other .22 BTC is sent to Alice. My question is how is this consistent with currency indivisibility? Is the .22 BTC and .78 technically created from the 1 BTC? Or is there change from another transaction? I'm just confused how it's indivisible but exact change can be created.


texts: What is a hash pre-image as it is used for the breach remedy?

texts:
Until this afternoon I thought the anti-cheat transactions or breach remedies built on the exit-transaction of the counterparty.

Apparently, they build on something called a "hash pre-image". What is it the pre-image from? How and why can it be used to create a transaction once the counterparty tries to breach the payment channel?


texts: In the NXT documentation it says that the Peer protocol uses TCP.  But looking through the code all I see is HTTP.  Does NXT use HTTP or TCP for the Peer protocol?


texts: Atomic Swap - What if redeem is done just before expiration

texts:
As per the explanation provided here: https://github.com/decred/atomicswap

The contract is valid for a certain amount of time (example set to 48h) and in order for the party B to recover the found, he needs the secret that is published on the chain after the party A has redeem the coins on the contract.

As far as I understand, it takes some time for party B to actually recover the secret from the chain and then redeem the coins.

What happens if party A wait last seconds (let's say 5 seconds) before expiration of the contract to redeem the coin, which wouldn't provide enough time for party B to redeem its coin before the contract expiration in which case it would be refunded to party A as well as getting party B coins.

Is the understanding correct and that point valid?

Is it fixable by setting different contract expiration period, lets say party A contract would need longer expiration time to ensure party B ha time to redeem the coins?


texts: Are competing blocks a problem to weak participant of the network?

texts:
Let's say Alice has two CPUs, and Bob has only one. Let's assume Alice and Bob are the only miners in the Bitcoin network.

What will happen if Alice did the following:

Calculate the nonce for the next block and send it occasionally.
Whenever Bob solves and transmits a block, DON'T accept his block, but instead try to solve another block at the same height, and a successive block.
When done calculating, send both blocks to the network. They should be accepted instead of Bob's transaction, and since you're 2 times speedier than Bob, in average you'll be able to prevent Bob from mining coins.

While this is a somewhat artificial example, I think that it might represent a real problem. A group of strong participants can prevent weaker players from mining, even if this group does not control the majority of CPU resources in the network.


texts: In bitcoin-cli getpeerinf call what does "-1" mean as a "synced_headers" or "synced_blocks" value?

texts:
Sometimes I see this in getpeerinfo:
"synced_headers": -1,
"synced_blocks": -1,
sometimes it's only synced blocks at -1.
What does that mean?


texts: Where can I request ardor ignis testnet coins?

texts: I can't seem to find a faucet to get ardor or ignis coins since u cannot mine it. Where can one get some?


texts: I am looking to buy a Bitcoin miner. I am from india. So I want to ask , will it be profitable to buy a bitcoin miner set and start a mining business in India ?


texts: Does this FinCEN Document mean the Bitcoin Network is a bank?

texts:
Read this document and see if you think they are talking about Bitcoin.
Here's an excerpt..

  Any individual or group of people engaged in conducting, controlling, directing or owning an informal value transfer system in the United States is operating as a financial institution. Therefore, IVTS operators must comply with all Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) requirements, which include establishment of an anti-money laundering (AML) program, registration with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) as a money services business, and compliance with the record keeping and reporting requirements, which include filing suspicious activity reports (SARs).

I found it here: http://www.fincen.gov/news_room/rp/advisory/pdf/advis33.pdf


texts: Number of bitcoind peers drops precipitously every 30 days or so

texts:
I run bitcoind headless on a linux box with maxconnections=256 and port 8333 open on the router. Using Bitcoin Node Manager I monitor node status occasionally. Peer count of course starts at 8 and slowly, over the course of three or four weeks, ramps up to 150 or so. Roughly every month or so the number of node drops precipitously to less than 20, then starts climbing again. I can verify via the logs that bitcoind did not restart and that my network did not go down. I have a second node that runs solely over TOR and while it does not have an many peer connections, its peer count doesn't fluctuate in this way.

Does anyone else notice this?
Any ideas what might cause this?
Any tips on how (or even if) I should troubleshoot this? (i.e. things to look for in the logs)


texts: What is the best way to implement micropayments with Ripple?

texts:
I'm interested in the following use cases:

Web content
Voice and media traffic

For the first case, it would be ideal to be able to include some sort of proof in a custom HTTP request header showing that the client has made the payment. The server should be able to check this proof and verify that the payment has indeed been made, and then reply with the requested resource or return an error.

It may be a payment (required), or it may be a donation/tip (voluntary); in the latter case the server may collect these and verify them later.

For the voice and media case, the idea is to incentivize independent relay nodes to forward traffic for clients behind NAT/firewall or simply those who wish to add a layer of anonymity (similar to Tor). Again, these could be "metered" payments (e.g. 0.0001 XRP per 10 MB, or say for 30 minutes), or they could be tips. The speed would be extremely important in this case.

As I understand it, there are two ways to do micropayments:

On-ledger: These are payments made on the ledger and verified by the recipient using the transaction ID. This may be too slow, depending on the use case.
Signed transactions: Here the sender simply sends a signed transaction to the recipient, who can verify instantly if the sender has sufficient funds. Double-spending is possible in this case.

What would be ideal is if we could generate some sort of bearer token that could be passed around over multiple payments before it is finally redeemed on the ledger.

It would be even more awesome if these bearer tokens were anonymized using blind signatures.

Has anyone implemented micropayments with Ripple, and are there any guidelines/recommendations on how to go about it?


texts: Is there any other protocol in use besides a "Gossip protocol"

texts: I'm interesting is there any other protocol that is being used inside Bitcoin network besides "Gossip"? And if there is, in which layer of communication and for which purpose is being used? Thanks!


texts: Is there such thing as paying a "tax" or "task" on non-spendable bitcoin in a blockchain wallet in order to get the private key?

texts: I had bitcoin placed into my account and now am being told it is non spendable and in order to get the private key and make it spendable, we have to pay a fee.


texts: I know that Ripple supports currency demurrage, as in the decrease of amount of currency one has over time. However, I am wondering if the opposite is also possible? Can one automatically program inflation into a Ripple currency?


texts: why my bit coin txn is still processing for more than 24 hours?

texts:
Can any one help me why this txn is pending for more than 24 hours?

https://blockchain.info/tx/df040a6a683f99cdbf5ba92410c143bad2a2b042288630a07dad6c59cbd9be5e


texts: Bitcoin Wallet for Android - Issues decrypting the wallet backup BIN file using OpenSSL

texts:
I've followed the advice found here and also on the Github article linked from that post, but I'm still having issues decrypted a wallet backup using the latest version of Bitcoin Wallet on Android (v5.26 released 7/28/17)

I was able to take the BIN file in question and import that between Bitcoin Android wallets, so I know the backup is not corrupted and the password works.

When I run the openssl enc -d -aes-256-cbc -a -in <filename> command, targeting the BIN backup file, it prompts for the password, which is inputted. The resulting decryption fails.

Is there a change made to the encryption algorithm that I'm not taking into account? Any/all help is appreciated.

Thank you

EDIT: To be clear, I also attempted the openssl command string found on the Github article, but that also fails (it includes the -md md5 parameter)


texts: How does Multi-Signature Pay 2 Script Hash (P2SH) enable stronger security?

texts: Coinfloor says it will pay out withdrawals using Multi-Signature Pay 2 Script Hash.  What is Multi-Signature Pay 2 Script Hash?  I read What is "Script Hash" address exactly and how does it work? but didn't understand how it enables more secure withdrawals form cold storage.


texts: How does difficulty is defined for block '55798'?

texts:
I know that the formula for calculating the difficulty is below -

Difficulty = T (max) / T
Where T (max) = 1d00ffff in decimal it is 486604799.

As you can see in the above screenshot the difficulty of block '55798' is 12.85. I'm trying to calculate this value using formula but getting the different result.

D = T (max) / T

When I put the correct values in the formula, It becomes like -

D = (486604799 / 471067731) = 1.03

I don't know why I'm getting the different difficulty. The correct value is 12.85. Can you please let me know the reason of this?


texts: I deleted my windows google auth (TOTP), how can I log in on BTER without it?

texts:
To make a short story:

I have created an account on bter.com along with TOTP (windows, not phone), then I opened the Google Authenticator for windows, I put the numbers (XXXXXX). I don't remember exactly what it was. Than I transferred my PPC from BTC-e to Bter (about 200ish PPC). I believe it worked but soon after I was automatically logged out, I tried to log back in, but they asked for TOTP? I went to my google authenticator and put the numbers but didn't work. I believe I did something wrong, after that I delete my account from authenticator and made a new one because maybe something was bugged but could not remember the secret key (20 something letter and number). I need to be connected to my btcer account to see that but I cannot at the moment.

I'm french Canadian so sorry about my writing.

p.s: All I have right now is my PPC address on bter because when I open my btc-e wallet I can see that the transaction has been done. So to make a short story I can't log in to bter.com and my PPC are stuck there...

support@bter.com and admin@bter.com did not answer any of my email (it's been 3 days).

Edit: I know my bter username, password, and fund password.


texts: What to pass in Transaction Input using Bitcoinj library

texts:
URGENT - Need help with setting up Transaction Input and Output objects

Transaction rawTransaction = new Transaction(params);
txnAmount = Coin.valueOf(50000000);
rawTransaction.addOutput(txnAmount, toAddress);

txFee = Coin.valueOf(12800);
amountToReturn = balance.subtract(txnAmount);
amountToReturn = amountToReturn.subtract(txFee);

rawTransaction.addOutput(amountToReturn, fromAddress);

I am able to setup transaction outputs but not able to figure out how to set transaction inputs for fee

Currently with above code the signed transaction is having 0 fee


texts:
The bitcoin address 1Wh4bh looks so short. Is it even a valid address?

If yes, can we send bitcoins to it?


texts: How to manually rebalance Lightning Network channels?

texts:
I'm running an LND node that has a few dozen channels open to various relevant vendors/routing nodes. There are a couple specific channels that are open with stores that are getting used with most of the balance being on the remote side. I'm unsure how to manually rebalance these specific channels without closing them.

Is it possible to manually rebalance the channels from within my own LND node using the command line or some other way?


texts:
As I see it, the script feature is one of the most complicated features in the entire protocol. It features

$ cat src/script.h|grep '^ *OP_'|wc -l
118

instructions, and requires a stack to calculate.

The most important limitation, it makes it complicated to answer a simple and common question - "how much bitcoins does my key have".

With a complicated script, a bug in the script engine is more likely, and thus, it is possible that the network will split (50% client accept this transaction, 50% do not, before you notice, you have two long block chains. One longer which is considered invalid by 50% of the clients, and one shorter, considered valid by both).

What's the rational behind such a system? Why can't any transaction be simply "move X BTC from key K to key I signed by private key K"?

(If indeed you want anything complex - do that in a different system, and not inside bitcoins block).


texts: Is it ok just to save wallet.dat from multiple altcoin clients and remove the client?

texts:
I have the following situation: I have mined few coins from different alt crypto-currencies and I do not want to run them any more on my machine. As far as I understood from this question, I can just copy wallet.dat from each of these altcoins, encrypt them, remove the clients and this is it.

If then someone will send me some coins and after some time I would like to use them, I can just download the client, wait for synchronization, change wallet.dat with my stored wallet and continue using coins? Am I correct?


texts: Can one consider that the interest of other actors/stakeholders would change something about the concept of "blockchain"?

texts: I am new to the Bitcoin world and am trying to get an overview within a research project. I see that Bitcoin was born out of a certain motivation to decentralize money and that decentralization, open source, maybe security and verification are important. My question is, can one consider that the interest of other actors/stakeholders would change something about the concept of "blockchain"? For example, by the growing interest of large companies in smart contracts? Could block chain, for example, stand less and less for transparency and more for efficiency? Or does it not matter, because it is less about transparency and more about replacing trust?


texts: Why is the Serialization limit set to 0x02000000?

texts: In addition to the block size limit, there is a limit on the maximum message size. Is there a rationale behind the 32MB limit set in src/serialize.h or was it picked because it's just a nice round number?


texts: How profitable was GPU mining in 2011-12?

texts:
I am not interested in mining myself, I just want to know how true my friend's claims are since Bitcoin is a subject that I try to follow and understand.

He says he mined 31 bitcoins in 7 months using 2 gtx 460 in a regular gaming PC. This supposedly happened around 2011-2012. I told him this sounded like too much to me and he says it was possible because he was in a "hard to access" mining pool.

So, I just want to know if these numbers are remotely possible. My limited knowledge and the browsing I have done says it's too much but, of course, I could be wrong.

What do you guys think? Thanks.


texts: iPhone App for Bitcoin trading / transfering?

texts: Is it any iPhone App that I can use to buy / sell / transfer easily Bitcoin? I want to be able to download from Apple's App Store.


texts: How to access Bitcoin's transaction database?

texts:
I want to process the Bitcoin network's transactions. As I understand it, the Bitcoin-Qt client downloads and stores all that information locally.

Since version 0.8 LevelDB has been used to access this data. I found two databases, in blocks/index and in chainstate. However, I cannot make sense of the content. The first entry looks like this:

B = ??????{?:???????`?5g??

Am I on the right track and where can I find a specification of the data?


texts: Generating a segwit (bc1) address from a brain wallet?

texts: Are there any brain wallet generators that can generate segwit (bc1) addresses yet?


texts: A proposal for a genuinely distributed blockchain and pruning

texts:
The following idea is so simple that I cannot believe that it is really new. It must have been presented and discussed at length (and rejected) previously, but I submit it nevertheless, for lack of having found any mention of such discussions.

The basic idea is simple : when a (full) node successfully adds a block to its copy of the blockchain, it broadcasts an inv message giving its address and the identity of the block.

Every node is thus able to maintain for every block a list of nodes having that same block in their blockchain. That inventory will normally be separate from the local blockchain.

Now every node can decide, based on local considerations, whether to include a block in its local blockchain or to only include a small placeholder and call upon other nodes if and when the full contents of that block are required. That would be a base for a genuinely “distributed” blockchain.

In practice, all nodes would probably want to initially include all full blocks, since at that time they would not have identified enough nodes carrying the same block. A capability to replace an existing block with a reference to other nodes would therefore be required. To that effect, block headers should include a reference to the (local) list of alternate source nodes for that block.

A node could then simply erase the payload of a node in its copy of the blockchain, retaining only the header unchanged, including the hash of the full block and of the previous block to retain continuity of the chain. Of course that should be broadcast so that the ofher nodes update their local table of alternate sources.

When a scan of the blockchain hits a block with an empty payload, the node could return a "block unavailable" answer (for instance if multiple nodes are being queried), or the local list of alternate sources for that block could be used to retrieve a copy (or many copies for verification purposes), which could be checked using the hash retained in the abbreviated header.

Some mechanism for ensuring that each block exists in full version on a sufficient number of nodes would be required.

What is wrong with that proposal ?


texts: The bitcoin mempool size is at 108 MB and still climbing according to chain.so. It is slowly approaching 300 megabytes, which is said to be the mempool limit for BTC. What happens after 300 MB?


texts: bitcoin rpc api createrawtransaction with python returns -3: Expected type array, got object

texts:
experimenting with JSON RPC API using bitcoinrpc.authproxy for python.

so far it works in all instances accept when i try to create a raw transaction.
somewhere along the way im passing parameters in wrong format.

i created helper methods to create my inputs/outputs like this:

def getTransactionJsonInput(self, sourcetransaction) -> str:
    return {"txid": sourcetransaction['txid'] ,"vout":sourcetransaction['vout']}

def getTransactionJsonOutput(self, new_address, amount, returnaddress, returnamount) -> str:
    return {
        new_address: amount,
        returnaddress: returnamount
    }

and when i print my call to createrawtransaction it appears to be correct

    print('TRANSACTION inputs', [input], type([input]))
    print('TRANSACTION outputs', output, type(output))
    return svc.createrawtransaction(input, output)

  TRANSACTION inputs [{'txid': 'sourcetransactionid', 'vout': 1}] <class 'list'>

  TRANSACTION outputs {'destinationaddress': 0.012, 'changeaddress': 2.56559703} <class 'dict'>

error:

  bitcoinrpc.authproxy.JSONRPCException: -3: Expected type array, got object

solution

thanks to @m1xolyd1an i was steered in the right direction. All that was missing in my implementation was adding [] around inputs. i added them in print statement but not in the actual call!

before

return svc.createrawtransaction(input, output)

after

return svc.createrawtransaction([input], output)

new result:

  new transaction:  0200000001005134d493cb536a5000b491b0b6dbca6c5187eec67ffb8769fdedac9ec25db40100000000ffffffff02804f12000000000017a914190150e1a961a2509b1d48c4d6cf6b644454cd968757ca4a0f0000000017a91496711dceda7240a6c492b2fabc5d44ab5d4bd19e8700000000