texts: What is the math behind popular Bitcoin graphs? I want to graph Namecoin (or similar *coin) technologies?

texts:
How can I create graphs similar to http://bitcoin.sipa.be, and blockchain.info for Namecoin?

For example this thread discusses how to analyze difficulty over time and provides this  equation and correlation covering 4 difficulty adjustments.

I'd like to understand the math required to create such graphs so I can port the trending to other *coin usages. (which invariably have different values)


texts: Will the miner be provided with reward if a hard fork occurs?

texts:
When will the miner be provide with reward(if at all) when a hard fork occurs?
When will the miner be provide with reward(if at all) when a soft fork occurs?


texts: What software do exchanges use to manage wallets?

texts: Do they write wrappers around bitcoind or is there a better solution out there? Some exchanges handle dozens of digital currencies, does this mean they are running bitcoind, litecoind, dogecoind, etc concurrently?


texts: How do I configure a port in my .conf file?

texts:
This is what my conf file looks like:
prune=600
maxconnections=12
maxuploadtarget=20
rpcuser=user
rpcpassword=password
keypool=10000
server=1

[main]
rpcport=5040

Whenever I run this from the command line I get the following error:

Binding RPC on address ::1 port 5040 failed.
Binding RPC on address 127.0.0.1 port 5040 failed.

I checked for port 5040 using the netstat -a and it was listening, what's the problem?


texts: How do I move my wallet from Windows 7 to a new Windows 10 machine?

texts: Previous answers say set up a new wallet with new address and transfer bitcoins to new address, is this the only way of doing it? I don't want to wait days for the new wallet to download blockchain and verify when I already have that on the Windows 7 machine.


texts: Are there drawbacks to the Thin Block patch?

texts:
Mike Hearn talked about a patch he applied to BitcoinXT recently in his AMA:

  I posted a patch last week that makes XT download blocks as lists of hashes instead of duplicating the transaction data, so a full 1mb block would drop to about ~70 kilobytes, in theory, if you were online for the whole time since the last block. However, the patch needs more work and testing before it can be shipped to users.

If I understand correctly:

Blocks themselves would stay exactly the same.
Transactions only need to be downloaded once (instead of once or twice)
Each node reassembles the block from this "ingredient list"
Missing transactions can be requested from peers by transaction hash.

This would reduce the total traffic to transfer a full block roughly from 2MB to 1.07MB. This seems like an obvious improvement of the current status quo which could be introduced cheaply, especially reducing the network load during the peak demand right after a block is found.

Are there any drawbacks that I'm missing?


texts: Personal information and bitcoin purchasing

texts: I am in the process of buying bitcoins and am being required to put in a lot of personal details. Once i buy the bitcoins is there any way that the information i had to submit to buy them originally can be traced back? thanks.


texts: Cooling for an XPS 15 (L502x) laptop during Bitcoin Mining

texts:
I would like to know exactly where I should put my extra cooling fans around my laptop so that I can more efficiently cool while I mine bitcoins.  I realize this is not optimal at the moment, but before I invest in a rig I want to try it out with my laptop (but without overheating anything of course).  Is there a reason why my CPU is getting so hot while my GPU is comfortable even while I'm GPU mining?

Location like top-right, bottom-right, etc (w/r/t looking down on keyboard) is very helpful.

Also, what would be the best way to cool the BitForce Jalapeno?  Could I just use a simple fan in a well ventilated area?


texts:
I have read many articles and watched videos but I still can't fully understand Bitcoin, mining and blockchains. I understand a block in a blockchain contains data and its resulting hash. I also understand a miner attempts to generate a new hash by hashing the previous hash in the chain with a nonce. A miner will keep trying until they create a hash with required difficulty level.

I think I understand what happens during mining by I don't
understand why we mine? i.e. Yeah I found a block so what? (of
course miners are rewarded but why?)
How would people use this found block in a real life scenario?
Is the data in a block a real life scenario data.

A real life example will be appreciated.

If people are going to down vote please let me know why so I understand?


texts: Mistakenly sent BCH to BTC bitfinex wallet - can I get my BCH back?

texts: I just made the huge mistake to sent BCH from Exodus to my BTC wallet in bitfinex. Can I by any chance get my BCH back?


texts: Full Bitcoin Node Download / Synchronization Takes very long

texts: I want run an Full Bitcoin Node on Ubuntu but it takes 3 Days to download all of the Bitcoin Blocks from 2009-2017. I have 8 MB/s Internet Speed. Why does it take so long, the blockchain is only 150GB max. I have also tried to copy the Node from my old Server to the new one but I get always an error and i must download it again. Why can't I copy it to an new server? I have copied only the blocks and chainstate folders. Can i download it faster?


texts: Can't use bitcoin-cli commands, error message says "could not connect" from localhost

texts:
I am simply trying to run bitcoin-cli getinfo on the same machine that my bitcoin node is running on (with bitcoind -daemon)

my bitcoin.conf file is as follows:

server='1'
rpcuser='username'
rpcpassword='password'
rpcport='8332'

The error message I receive is:

error: Could not connect to the server 127.0.0.1:0

This error is confusing me in two ways. First, my home network uses an Xfinity gateway (combined router/modem), and the local ip addresses look like 10.0.0.xx, not 127.x.x.x. Second, why is the error suggesting that it tried to connect on port 0? I have specified in bitcoin.conf that the rpc port is 8332. In this current state I can run a node, but I cannot make any rpc calls, rendering it useless for my purposes. Any advice on how to fix this issue?


texts: What does a double spend (CVE-2018-17144) look like if I gettransaction it?

texts: Just wondering what the output from gettransaction (or should I be using getblock?) would look like if I passed it a txid(or blockhash) that contained a set of transactions that exploited the double spend bug CVE-2018-17144? Is it distinguishable from a normal, non double-spend? Does the wallet being queried have to know about both the addresses spent to, in order to show anything out of the ordinary?


texts: Why is the source code fee calculated higher than the current bitcoin fee amount?

texts:
In python bit (https://github.com/ofek/bit/), when sending a message, it is properly 80 bytes or less (https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/transactions.html) fee is If it is a 4-byte character string, it is about 0.03 $ / 140 = 21428 satoshi (https://mempool.space/ja/testnet), but it is often 80,000 or more.
Why is the source_code fee calculation result always higher than the actual testnet?
I thought about the cause as follows.
1: There is a possibility that the calculation method of source_code is wrong. (Target + min_change + estimated_fee is the calculation method of fee, but I don't understand why the limit(default 80) is multiplied in the next code part. )
output_size = [len(address_to_scriptpubkey(o[0])) + 9 for o in outputs]
    output_size.append(len(messages) * (MESSAGE_LIMIT + 9))
    output_size.append(len(address_to_scriptpubkey(leftover)) + 9)
    sum_outputs = sum(out[1] for out in outputs)
  (by transaction.py) ```

How can I send a transaction to testnet with the fee properly set below 80000?


texts:
I was looking at my new Butterfly Jalapeños while logging on to my Bitcoin Wallet (My new one as I still haven't found the old one.) and realized how inefficient the Butterfly Jalapeños were. So I started looking up Bitcoin miners. I came across the AntMiner S7 and thought it looked amazing, I also calculated that it would make over $4 USD every day for a total of over $100 every month. I did some more research and could find no problems with it. I was wondering if anyone knew of ANY problems of any kind with the AntMiner S7's. Thanks for the help.

-GoldNugget8


texts: Generating an address from a private key in Java?

texts:
I'd like to write a function in Java that takes a private key and generates the address to use in a QR code. I'd like to make this , but I'm not very good with the hashing algorithms.

I've checked with https://www.bitaddress.org and what is generated on there is not the same as what I'm getting in my program.

Can anyone help me with this? Google has failed me


texts: Command line bitcoin cash wallet for linux?

texts: Is there a good command line Bitcoin cash wallet for linux available?


texts: Can individual private keys in Bitcoin Core compromise any part of the HD wallet?

texts:
I am attempting to understand Bitcoin Core and its use of BIP32 HD hardened keys -
https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/wallets.html
The article explains that the HD protocol uses different index numbers to determine whether a hardened key should be used or not.
My question is does the default Bitcoin Core implementation (HD wallet) always generate hardened keys in all cases? Say I want a legacy address and run 'getnewaddress "test" "legacy"' at the console -- will it be HD generated and will it always be hardened? Is there a way to check?
If the private key of that specific generated address was later compromised, can anything be leaked about the Bitcoin Core HD wallet from which it came? Is each private key as independent as keys in a "loose keys" wallet? (as mentioned in the article)


texts: Could there be a "run" on Mt Gox? Does Mt Gox use my balance for other purposes behind the scenes?

texts:
It's conceivable that Mt Gox would re-use the outstanding balances (USD or otherwise) in other investments (BTC or otherwise).

How much liquidity does Mt Gox have in BTC and Fiat dollars in case a large group of users decides to withdraw their cash (outside of trading)?

I want to make sure that Mt Gox has sufficient liquidity to handle transfers in the event they (or one of their associates/banks) repurpose stored values (in wallets etc) into other investments.


texts:
Are there any known cases of compromised Bitcoin clients (whether proprietary or free)?

I don’t mean separate malware that attacks installed clients, but malware that is included in the client itself.

The authors could have included malware intentionally, or unintentionally (without understanding the consequences, e.g. by accepting a code commit of someone else), or their download server could have been compromised, or something else.


texts:
I started reading about Bitcoin a few weeks ago. Reading most the information and watching videos on the web, I though I understood about the mining process. However, I was shocked when I realized than all the 2^32 combinations of possible values of Nonce can be found is less than 1sec with the current mining hardware. I was even more shocked when I saw the explanation that the mining process also includes the selection of each transaction will be processed. Thus, mining process is much more "try to find the transactions" that will provide the solutions than really try to find the correct Nonce. When the solution is found, then does the miner publish the list of all transactions he selected, the Merkel Root and the Nonce. If the miner's solution is correct, he receives the block reward (currently is 12.5BTC) plus all the transactions fees included in the publish list (not all initial transactions).

At the same time, the concept of "Priority transactions" (https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Transaction_fees) no longer applies , since the miners choose the transactions to be processed.

Is my understanding correct?


texts: How i can delete last block from blockchain? altcoin

texts:
How can I delete the last block from blockchain to be ready for hardfork.
What I mean is, in blockchain last block is with error's. I want to delete those blocks, for the new blockchain is disabled from the last block.

How can I mine new block if last block would be 1 day old? How do I understand that the daemon does not start giving work to pool/miner, if last block is very old? They will be trying to find new block's from peer, even if it does not exist ?


texts: Bitcoin Cash: difference between addresses

texts: My BCH wallet prefixes the addresses with a "bitcoincash:" string and the hash itself (without the prefix) is 42 chars. Let's say I need to send some BCH to an old address (34 chars, unprefixed), will this work? If not, what do I need to do to make it work?


texts:
I want to understand how cheat lightning network using c-lightning.
I understand that if a participant of che channel send not last commitment transaction, it means that he tries to cheat. I'd like to replicate this scenario.
I tried to dump commitments, and I found these informations.
    $ ./hsmtool dumpcommitments 022f495a897360fdd287f7a823302479e62856e47727c0c8c9688faf45f4a92aac 1 2
/tmp/l1-regtest/regtest/hsm_secret mypass
    shaseed: 14d384a3757ea8c750d1325997ed7c0761b1cf2a8845ae0aaf5b6c783bcbe8ef
    commit secret #0: 9d202a2c4df2792d4d77583b969d407dc0b31e9ff38bb9121932ac55e536202e
    commit point #0: 039f4232478aa0629637ba2d8fd9808bd3d06342b5fbc67699d2f09bc1a9c844ad
    commit secret #1: 8cf246e819e78d34ce331f897652909bdc7104b6eac173a4180be1bbcfc46f37
    commit point #1: 03cacc020bcc3a322c41854a3b0337643b5e9b10af79f96ba14ccf4637cd56ba8f

Where can I find the first transaction in order to try to cheat?
Because I want to understand how penalties work and i'd like to decode all commitments transaction


texts: Why was Armory and Blockchain wallet removed from bitcoin.org?

texts: I would like to learn from other's mistakes and avoid problems in the future. The page which shows available wallets is https://bitcoin.org/en/choose-your-wallet


texts: avoid rounding errors in javascript with bigdecimal?

texts:
a user submits a buy request: 0.0104 BTC at a rate of 345.92 EUR

config:

var mode = RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN();
var satoshi = new BigDecimal("100000000");

user input:

var btc_b = new BigDecimal("0.0104");
var rate_b = new BigDecimal("345.92");

convert amount to smallest unit:

var btc_s = btc_b.multiply(satoshi);

btc * rate = spend:

var eur_s = btc_s.multiply(rate_b).setScale(0,mode);
console.log(eur_s.longValue());

output: 359756800

eur / smallest unit:

var eur_b = eur_s.divide(satoshi, 8, mode);
console.log(eur_b.longValue());

output: 3.597568

but since eur has only 2 decimals:

console.log(eur_b.setScale(2,mode).longValue());

output: 3.6

i assume the user must spend 3.6 EUR for 0.0104 BTC at a rate of 345.92 EUR

here's a fiddle: jsfiddle.net/nvkja98c/

please correct me if i'm wrong!


texts: How to make a homomorphic preimage/payment hash with current lightning network / Bitcoin implementations?

texts:
If I remember / understand it correctly by using the mechanisms from the scriptless scripts paper we could easily create homomorphic preimages / paymenthashes.

I think this would be a very desirable property (in combination with shamir secret sharing) for example to create trustless escrow services (and not only for payment decolleration)

As far as I understand SHA-256 - which is currently used for payment hashes - is not homomorphic. In fact it is not even supposed to be homomorphic.

Does anyone see any way to gain the onchain enforcable homomorphic property with the current setup / protocol for htlcs and Bitcoin script without the necessity to change to 2party ecdsa magic / scriptless scripts or schnorr?

I fear the answer would be it is impossible but I thought I would ask since I am still a beginner with low level cryptography.


texts: getrawtransaction doesn't work for every transaction with -txindex=1?

texts:
i put txindex=1 in bitcoin config and reindex blockchain after that when i call getrawtransaction for some transactions didn't exist in my wallet and work well like:

[Working]

getrawtransaction d2632db404d0cdff861278f369b8dfc09a8e84e9af76558dcc6457909544cf1e 1

but with this transtions didn't work why ?

[Not Working]

getrawtransaction 37e3abcbfc9b2b984fb34e2605d512614a4a2a507fe50fb4b639c08d29137f34 1

getrawtransaction 7bdaefdd1819440fdd988538ad59ef0d9a5a899b4db7446bfea5dee3d88dfb1b 1


texts:
I have a general understanding of building blocks. But am hoping someone can fill in the details/gaps. Also, can you correct if something is not right? Thanks.

Scenario:

Bitcoin transactions are broadcast to the bitcoin network.
Nodes receive the transactions.
Each node puts the transactions into their own internal mempool - or is it a network mempool that all nodes draw transactions from?
At some point, some nodes begin mining (hashing to find correct hash with leading zeros). When does this begin? I assume as soon as possible since it is a race. So then, it does not necessarily use the data in a fully built block, right?
At some point, the mining nodes fill up a block with transactions from mempool (they pull the ones with highest fees). Each node validates each transaction it puts into its block against the entire blockchain.
When a node finds a winning hash, it announces the winning parameters to the network.
The network can easily check the hash using the parameters (dataset, nonce
value, etc.) that the winning node sends out.

So here's where I am a bit unclear. How/when do the transactions in the winning block get verified by the rest of the network? Is it during the time when they verify the winning hash? Do they also verify that all transactions are good at that time?

How many nodes must approve/verify the winning hash before it is accepted into the bitcoin network as the next block to be added?

Thanks.


texts: Which Venture Capital firms are especially interested in Bitcoin?

texts:
Which have invested into Bitcoin or Bitcoin companies?
Which have shown "more interest than average" (e.g. Pamir from Hummingbird Ventures organized the Bitcoin London Conference)?


texts:
I have read that private key is 256 bits or 32 byte. see here

I generated a key on bitcoin-test network.

WIF:

  cVe4tA6QHduboeSiQD6Y6nzV1QjaVpDVG2YHbqbtJiSCxsNDYYUF

HEX:

  f06e4a9c228dafff48e6a44eb9527a14374a203a5750de01c0cf39e7280ce45501

if you notice above hex is 33 bytes!

I went  on to sign a transaction :

  01000000015760c907060ca47bbf97a964a435387c38fd86c307e920c1d29ce1a3d0d4d56b010000001976a914ca560954433f0fd1bda9bb566607d1724559b0db88acffffffff02d0070000000000001976a914f9ad22432bb6eb5e4262f9e4bcfb09fda2f5167b88ace068be07000000001976a914ca560954433f0fd1bda9bb566607d1724559b0db88ac0000000001000000

generated the following tx hash:

  01000000015760c907060ca47bbf97a964a435387c38fd86c307e920c1d29ce1a3d0d4d56b010000006b483045022100f2224f424a63675682f062fbf6699028727e13d26dc382af6dca57dfb21e9910022011b485e63f8f0045c40f8df41bcab13040bc554da4c176a380c81d18c615b210012103b9dc990c2b8a999ba68bf80cbff94fd85d62a01c7dc48252156f78c813b0aa67ffffffff02d0070000000000001976a914f9ad22432bb6eb5e4262f9e4bcfb09fda2f5167b88ace068be07000000001976a914ca560954433f0fd1bda9bb566607d1724559b0db88ac00000000

and when i broadcasted it got accepted!

Now my question is, how can 33 byte private key be valid signing key?

P.S. please don't take out the coins, they are worthless and i need for testing. thanks!


texts: What are the realistic system requirements to run bitcoin core for generating wallets, signing and verifying messages on a laptop?

texts:
I need to be able to verify messages and check that funds in wallets are valid and that the claimed owner possesses the private keys (hence checking messages signed).

I know that I need to be able to download and sync the whole blockchain so I will be getting at least a 1TB HDD.

Are there any other things that would be really needed to run it smoothly? I was thinking of a laptop with an i7-6700HQ processor and 16GB of ram.

Will this cut it?


texts: Trying to update my bitcoin core installation on raspberry pi with git checkout and it's giving the error "error: pathspec 'v0.16.3' did not match any file(s) known to git." Any recommendations?


texts: generate HD addresses using publicKey Bip44

texts:
I'm just wondering if it's possible to generate HD address using xPub?

I tried to create HD address using BitWASP-PHP with the following path:

m / purpose' / coin_type' / account' / change / address_index

m/44/0'/0'/0/1

but the response is:

  Can't derive a hardened key without the private key

I know that I can do it with Bip32 with the following path: 0/addressIndex

but I would like to use bip44.


texts: Does Namecoin support the bootstrap.dat file?

texts: If I create a bootstrap.dat file for Namecoin from an existing install will it use it?


texts: how is bitcoin network protect itself from malicious nodes?

texts: Can someone explain how does Bitcoin network protect itself from malicious nodes? Lets say someone creates bitcoin core clone and they manipulate it to their need. For example could someone change code for transaction verification? Or on a node lower mining difficulty? Could there be a slight change in consensus algorithm that goes undetected?


texts:
I'm using the testnet and as far as i can tell im doing everything right but it just wont send.
The coins are old with more than 170 confirms now, the unspent output has a total of 4. I'm sending 3 to another address in my wallet and 0.5 to another address in my wallet with 0.5 as a tx fee.

When I sign it I get a hash and 'Complete:True' at the end but when I send it i get error: {"code":-22,"message":"TX rejected"}.

Here is a copy of the transaction:

{
"txid" : "de46aedbe1a2c494de1ae59f81817828b8e5cc7d9165de88c0912689e497dfeb",
"version" : 1,
"locktime" : 0,
"vin" : [
    {
        "txid" : "7fc9def2f3e52cd6ffaef52f44648c9170fef3e05ccc356a5280fbea447e9f7a",
        "vout" : 0,
        "scriptSig" : {
            "asm" : "3045022100a38d7099f34d80341d4b83ecd5f7869c30d5ab0b494999eb59308a2689e213d902201f8a3405c5444094051780e428f2ce7e94c094537cd137b848907c10264d635901 025446e16d127120ac9be07998024e63d897763ea7b5a9d08bc22790bfbe55b717",
            "hex" : "483045022100a38d7099f34d80341d4b83ecd5f7869c30d5ab0b494999eb59308a2689e213d902201f8a3405c5444094051780e428f2ce7e94c094537cd137b848907c10264d63590121025446e16d127120ac9be07998024e63d897763ea7b5a9d08bc22790bfbe55b717"
        },
        "sequence" : 4294967295
    }
],
"vout" : [
    {
        "value" : 2.00000000,
        "n" : 0,
        "scriptPubKey" : {
            "asm" : "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 95565025383b3a15b44f3aceecb0b720ef25ee47 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
            "hex" : "76a91495565025383b3a15b44f3aceecb0b720ef25ee4788ac",
            "reqSigs" : 1,
            "type" : "pubkeyhash",
            "addresses" : [
                "mu8aNmqV5ZGVNCrvUCxA64xEKDMEjfxYFe"
            ]
        }
    },
    {
        "value" : 0.50000000,
        "n" : 1,
        "scriptPubKey" : {
            "asm" : "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 40d3392408f0c97de32139b4dead0736e6f2b05d OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
            "hex" : "76a91440d3392408f0c97de32139b4dead0736e6f2b05d88ac",
            "reqSigs" : 1,
            "type" : "pubkeyhash",
            "addresses" : [
                "mmRiaNorzMBgLfCHDar5okg7j1QjYMb526"
            ]
        }
    }
]

}


texts: Support sending bitcoins using webpage URL?

texts:
Are there any Bitcoin clients or services that support sending bitcoins to a HTTP(S) URL instead of having to enter a Bitcoin address directly? (e.g. for donations)

Webmasters could include their Bitcoin address in a link element in each page (same for the whole site or different for each page, e.g. to account which page generated which donation):

<link rel="payment" href="bitcoin:…" title="Donate bitcoins, if my article was of help to you">

The href attribute should contain the Bitcoin address, using the bitcoin URI scheme.

The rel attribute should have the value payment. It’s defined as:

  RelPayment is a microformat for making exchanges of support (be it financial or otherwise) possible. By adding rel="payment" to a hyperlink a page indicates that the destination of that hyperlink provides a way to show or give support for the current page. For example to give financial support to the owner of the current page.

The (optional) title attribute could contain a small note, e.g. what the donations are used for, or who exactly would be the receiver etc.

Tools (Bitcoin clients/services, browser add-ons etc.) could extract the Bitcoin address by looking for a link with the link type payment whose URI uses the scheme bitcoin.
If one enters a webpage URL that hasn’t linked a Bitcoin address, the tool should throw an error. For security reasons probably only link elements should be parsed (instead of a/area), otherwise e.g. commentators could include their own Bitcoin addresses.


texts:
I'm attempting to clarify a few things in my mind. The wallet.dat file contains (amongst other things) my transaction history alongside the private keys associated with each address in use in the wallet.

Let's say I'm one of those open source weirdos and I use PyWallet to open the wallet.dat and pull the private keys and addresses out of my wallet. Now say my goal is to create a new wallet (called it Cwallet). Now CWallet can sign transactions for my bitcoins from bitcoin-qt, but how would it actually get an account balance?

Does CWallet have to search through the entire blockchain and find my address and then follow it to the most current block? Or is there an optimized way of determining the balance?


texts:
curl --user ryunishida:password --data-binary '{"jsonrpc": "1.0",
 "id":"curltest", "method": "getinfo", "params": [] }' -H 'content-
 type:
  text/plain;' http://127.0.0.1:18332/ -w '%{http_code}\n'

bitcoin/bitcoin.conf below

 rpcuser=ryunishida
 rpcpassword=password

 HOST=localhost
 server=1
 txindex=1
 rpcport=18332
 testnet=3

then i get 401


texts: Is there any GUI client that is capable of trading Namecoin, and is somewhat trusted by the community?


texts:
Does anybody know what this code means?  error: {u'message': u'64: dust', u'code': -26}   I've managed to send bitcoins once, same settings, but it only worked once.
Any help is welcome, thanks!


texts: Significance of the "hash" field reported by the 'bitcoin-cli getblock' command

texts:
It is stated that the header of a block does not contain a 'hash' field ( see https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Block_hashing_algorithm or Antonopolous' Mastering Bitcoin 2nd Ed. )
This makes sense since inlcuding such a field would be self-referential.

However, when interrogating the blockchain for info on a specific block for example via 'bitcoin-cli getblock' a 'hash' field is reported:

{
  "hash":  "00000000839a8e6886ab5951d76f411475428afc90947ee320161bbf18eb6048",
  "confirmations": 534047,
  "strippedsize": 215,
         .
         .
         .

Is the "hash" field something that the 'bitcoin-cli' calculates and inserts in situ into the json for informational purpouses

OR

is it that the "hash" field  >is<  actually part of the header and my understanding of this aspect is flawed?


texts: Fees when withdrawing funds from bitcoin?

texts: Does one have to pay a fee to withdraw funds from their bitcoin account into cash?


texts:
Is there any blockchain explorer that lists orphaned blocks or reorgs?
How often does it happen in general? I only found this site which doesn't show any orphaned blocks after 2017: https://www.blockchain.com/charts/n-orphaned-blocks
Im trying to download all blocks into a database and want to verify I have correct blocks


texts: How long will it take my Coinbase account to reflect my deposit?

texts: How long will it take a Coinbase account to reflect my deposited Bitcoin?


texts:
how to dump private key from multisig address ?
I tried with dumpprivkey RPC function but return error : Address does not refer to a key


texts: How can my NXT client/server send to multiple addresses paying one 1 transaction fee?

texts:
I know bitcoind lets you have multiple outputs (sending to multiple address) via the command line. Does NXT support this feature? I want to create a faucet application where I can send to multiple addresses via a cron while only paying 1 transaction fee only.

Also what is the max number of addresses you can send to via NXT if this is possible?


texts: With just standard desktop or laptop, is it possible to mine obscure altcoins in the hope that one of them will take off?

texts:
So just from the listing at coinmarketcap.com, there seems to be 954 cryptocurrencies right now. I imagine it's a bit like a startup, in that most of them will not survive.

It's too late to mine the big ones - like bitcoins, ethereum and litecoins - you probably need dedicated rigs with ASIC to mine them. But is it possible to just mine the smaller ones? The ones that are in the beginning stages in the hope that maybe one day they will take off? Would it be like mining bitcoin in 2009?


texts:
Using OpenSSL ver 1.1.0h on win 8.1 - 32 bit

Im trying to recreate this post using cmd: OpenSSL generate Bitcoin address

But on step 3:

openssl ec -in c:\keys\private.pem -outform DER|tail -c +8|head -c 32|xxd -p -c 32 > c:\keys\private.key

I got this error: ec: Unknown cipher c

Any idea what im doing going wrong?


texts: Output and bitcoin spent what does it mean? I need help

texts: Hope you are doing well, I'm new to bitcoin. Please does this mean I received $61.213.88 in my account? Or the total output of all my transactions it shows 2 bitcoin addresses under, what does "spent" mean? And all the addresses are invalid when I look them up. THANKS


texts: How long will it take for OpenCoin to distribute the 50 billion XRPs?

texts:
Out of the 100 billion XRP that can ever exist, the founders kept 20 billion while OpenCoin received the remainder of 80 billion. From that 80 billion OpenCoin will sell 30 billion to fund ongoing development beyond the initial angel investment, and the remaining 50 billion will be given away to spur adoption.

How long will it take OpenCoin to distribute the remaining 50 billion? One year from now, how many XRP will OpenCoin give away to each unique new user? What is the smallest amount that OpenCoin will eventually give away, over time? If there is no specific answer to the time, can OpenCoin provide a range (for example, between 5 and 50 years)? Is there a reasonably estimable lower limit on the time required to give away the 50 billion? Is there an upper limit on how much will be handed out (i.e. will anyone ever receive 50,000 XRP again as part of the giveaway)?

Answers, even if partial, appreciated.


texts: Do we have to pay transaction fee if we transfer bitcoins from one wallet to another ?

texts:
Can this be done for free?
also please mention wallets who do not charge transaction fee (if they exists)


texts: Blockchain.info explorer doesn't recognize my hash

texts: Blockchain.info doesn't recognize my tx. Can someone explain this. My wallet is debited. The transaction is unconfirmed too.


texts: I understand how whole Bitcoins are traded (each coin has its own identifier, this identifier is associated with a wallet), though I do not understand how it is possible to trade parts of a Bitcoin (e.g. I can buy 0.7 BTC from Mt. Gox). How are the Bitcoins tracked once they are split into parts, and associated with different wallets?


texts:
I am trying to write a quick blockchain explorer so that I can lookup transactions on my own server rather than using a 3rd party service - consider this an exercise more than a production service.
I have a bitcoind server running with txindex = 1 and all is well, I can lookup transaction with getrawtransaction. But unconfirmed transactions do not have block data, and most importantly the time field.

However many 3rd party lookup services like blockchain, tradeblock, etc return a timestamp for the transaction even when not confirmed. So I have tried to use the walletnotify command to record the time the transaction is seen but it's not getting called - probably due to the fact I have disablewallet=1 or because these transactions do not relate to my server.

So my next step is to continuously check the transactions in the current block and record the timestamp that way - suffice to say this is not the best approach but I am really struggling to think of another way.

Perhaps someone has a better approach?


texts: Where is documentation for the CLI for the GameCredits Core for Windows?

texts:
I am using GameCredits. I installed the node software locally and synced all the content. However, no helpfile seems to come with the software and I don't know how to start. I am quite new to this world of blockchains.

Could you point please to an official documentation regarding the CLI? I'm somehow struggling with the QT version, but perhaps learning to use the CLI could be useful to build a web interface of my own. I would like to, sooner or later, use it as integrated in a game of my own, but I don't know how to start.


texts:
I set up a litecoin full node in AWS. I opened ports 22, 80 and 9332. Also from my laptop I cloned this project https://github.com/janoside/btc-rpc-explorer

I executed on my local but unfortunately I don't reached my litecoin node but instead if I deploy the btc-rpc-explorer in the same litecoin node it works.

The error I got when I executed in local is the following (IP have been obfuscated)

Unhandled Rejection at: Promise Promise {
  <rejected> { Error: connect ECONNREFUSED XX.XXX.XXX.XXX:9332
    at Object.exports._errnoException (util.js:1018:11)
    at exports._exceptionWithHostPort (util.js:1041:20)
    at TCPConnectWrap.afterConnect [as oncomplete] (net.js:1090:14)
  cause:
   { Error: connect ECONNREFUSED XX.XXX.XXX.XXX:9332
       at Object.exports._errnoException (util.js:1018:11)
       at exports._exceptionWithHostPort (util.js:1041:20)
       at TCPConnectWrap.afterConnect [as oncomplete] (net.js:1090:14)
     code: 'ECONNREFUSED',
     errno: 'ECONNREFUSED',
     syscall: 'connect',
     address: 'XX.XXX.XXX.XXX',
     port: 9332 },
  isOperational: true,
  code: 'ECONNREFUSED',
  errno: 'ECONNREFUSED',
  syscall: 'connect',
  address: 'XX.XXX.XXX.XXX',
  port: 9332 } } reason: { Error: connect ECONNREFUSED XX.XXX.XXX.XXX:9332
    at Object.exports._errnoException (util.js:1018:11)
    at exports._exceptionWithHostPort (util.js:1041:20)
    at TCPConnectWrap.afterConnect [as oncomplete] (net.js:1090:14)
  cause:
   { Error: connect ECONNREFUSED XX.XXX.XXX.XXX:9332
       at Object.exports._errnoException (util.js:1018:11)
       at exports._exceptionWithHostPort (util.js:1041:20)
       at TCPConnectWrap.afterConnect [as oncomplete] (net.js:1090:14)
     code: 'ECONNREFUSED',
     errno: 'ECONNREFUSED',
     syscall: 'connect',
     address: 'XX.XXX.XXX.XXX',
     port: 9332 },
  isOperational: true,
  code: 'ECONNREFUSED',
  errno: 'ECONNREFUSED',
  syscall: 'connect',
  address: 'XX.XXX.XXX.XXX',
  port: 9332 } stack: Error: connect ECONNREFUSED XX.XXX.XXX.XXX:9332
    at Object.exports._errnoException (util.js:1018:11)
    at exports._exceptionWithHostPort (util.js:1041:20)
    at TCPConnectWrap.afterConnect [as oncomplete] (net.js:1090:14)
Using exchange rate: 30.3812015012 USD/Litecoin starting at Sun Jan 13 2019 22:54:28 GMT+0100 (CET)

Do you know what I need to do to access the litecoin node from my local computer using this btc-rpc-explorer project? Thanks in advance

UPDATE: command netstat -tnlpu
Return this:
command netstat -tnlup
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      -
udp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*                           -
udp        0      0 172.26.6.153:68         0.0.0.0:*                           -

And in the AWS rules I have specified to let connections from ports: 22, 80, 9332. Any idea?


texts: I would like to find out if anybody knows or has experience using Bitcoins to run the internal finances for a community ?


texts:
I'm creating a course on the Bitcoin on Udemy that serves as both an introduction to the bitcoin and also a source to explain how mining and speculation work. I'm working on lecture three which is on the bitcoin economy and I'm wondering what metrics I should include to explain how one can understand the bitcoin economy. So far I have the following:

Distribution of Wealth
Supply and Demand
Exchanges (by trade volume)
Currencies exchanged for bitcoins
Pools (by hash volume)
Oligarchiness (the influence any one group has on the bitcoin)

It appears that blockchain has the most accessible data for neophytes. Are there any other data pools you'd recommend for people to use?


texts: Does the Bitcoin Core API support high-precision balance display?

texts: I am currently working with a number of altcoins and and I need to support deposits and withdrawals in currencies with very large coin number cap like Dogecoin. I am wondering whether the Bitcoin Core client that is the basis for such altcoin clients supports such high denomination currencies internally and in its API (for example, when calling getbalance can it display balances of 10^12 coins with a precision of 1 satoshi?), or is there a limit to the precision used?


texts:
How do I import private keys en mass from a text file? They are in Wallet Import Format, e.g. 5HueCGU8rMjxEXxiPuD5BDku4MkFqeZyd4dZ1jvhTVqvbTLvyTJ.

Would there be any limitations to the number of keys I can import?

Thank you and please forgive me for such a question, I'm quite new to this.


texts: How to find your private key with your 12 Word Password Phrase and the depositing Address?

texts:
I use MyCelium v14 for iOS. In the past 72 hours, the address could not synchronize because the servers are "down, unpaid for".

I have used my 12 Word to access MyCelium via Android App and Jaxx, and now Exodus. Here is my issue, I have both transaction Hashes and addresses of where my coin are and I have my 12 Words, the issue is you're able to Add more Accounts on MyCelium, for example I can have my Main Account, Account 1, Account 2, Account 3 etc and they have have their own generated addresses and all of that sort.

I've been speaking with the Android developer and he's been discussing that I will need to keep creating new accounts and depositing coin to each new account so I can create a new account until I find the account with my bitcoins. This has been very frustrating since I been using MyCelium for 5 years now and they have stopped updating the iOS version for 2 years, yes I should've moved to a different address but unfortunatley I've placed all my eggs in one basket.

Am I able to find my private key/account with my 12 Word Passphrase and my depositing addresses/transaction hashes that the coin is currently stuck in?


texts: bitcoin core v 0.21.0 - Unknown.Syncing.Headers(

texts:
I am not able to read the following characters after the "(" in the title, that's why there are ...
Since i am not that deep into the informatics of bitcoin-core it would be great to get an explanation why this could happen.
In general i am syncing from scratch and checked the SHASUM before, for the record it was 6223fd23d07133a6bfa2aa3d2554a09dc1d790d28ce67b0085d3fdcc1c126e05 since i am on macOS.
Thanks for any help!


texts:
If only my private key were stolen, could it be used?

Without knowledge of the corresponding public key or address, can one spend BTC with only the private key?

I know you can derive the public key from a private key, but if an address has never been spent from  and change is never returned to the same public key, the public key will remain unknown, thus how could one exploit knowledge of a private key alone?

EDIT:  yes, i now realize this is a pretty bad question.  i now know that with just a private key, an attacker can calculate the public key and Bitcoin address and thus spend any stored coins.


texts: How many IF/ELSE/ENDIF can be used in a script?

texts:
Besides the 520 bytes consensus rule limit, is there a limit on how many of each OP_IF, OP_ELSE and OP_ENDIF can be used in a single script?

For example, a company that has 3 people in its purchase department would like to make a fast purchase if all people in the department agree and slow it down in case not everybody agrees, but not make it impossible in the final:

Alice, Bob and Carol store funds in a P2SH address. Initially, all 3/3 of signatures are required initially.
After some time, (OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY) just two of them can spend (2/3 signatures required).
After more time, (first OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY + more time), any one can spend (1/3 signatures required).

How would a script like this look like?


texts:
I am pretty new to bitcoin and I am trying to create a private blockchain by using bitcoind -regtest -daemon. But the executable stops, giving this message:

"Adding fixed seed nodes as DNS doesn't seem to be available"

Could anyone help me out with this issue ?

Thanks


texts: How is "additional information" stored in the ledger and which blockchain projects don't allow it?

texts:
So there have been these rumours going around about child abuse information being stored in the bitcoin ledger, that might make bitcoin illegal to possess.

How is this infirmation stored and are there any other blockchain projects (Ripple, Ethereum, etc.) that don't allow it?


texts:
I am wondering what is the format used in Ripple ledger time? For example, one of the most recent ledgers had close_time of 447299110. I initially thought it was UNIX time, but the current time was 1393983976 - an order of magnitude of difference.

What is the Ripple ledger time format and how to convert from a UNIX time to that format?


texts: How do I move a client/wallet to a different machine?

texts:
I have a client/wallet on a work machine of which I cannot control the proxy and allow the client to synchronise properly. Before I knew this however, I sent coins to the wallet. How do migrate this wallet to my home machine, so I can receive the transaction?

I am using Bitcoin-Qt.


texts: Can addresses used in a single tx be assumed to be from the same wallet?

texts:
can addresses of input of a single tx be always considered as belonging to same account?

Above is a sample transaction on bitcoin.
Here, input addresses are

3P2hJg8iRSBExAjd9yQGaazCLPFLeGB3hU (0.88970519 BTC - Output)
35jRUYxAwkqFhGyiGvS6Q4Aqxgcru7m9DM (0.43636859 BTC - Output)

My question is, since these two addresses are in a single tx, can they be considered as coming from same account (or wallet)?

The reason why I ask is I want to extract account-like info because bitcoin world actually has no account concept.


texts: Which block has the lowest hash currently? Is there a website that allows to sort blocks by hash?


texts: Mining on the testnet: how to configure bitcoin-qt?

texts:
I am trying to generate some coins with
the client ./bitcoin-qt -testnet -gen
How can I config to what address the money go ?

p.s.: actually I got notification for mining success but no coins in the wallet.


texts: BTC-E - Is there an official limit on frequency of requests that can be made?

texts:
Does anyone know if there is an official limit on the number of requests that can be made to btc-e.com? I know bitstamp will ban your ip address if it detects more than 600 requests per 10 minutes. I checked the terms, FAQ, and knowledge base and searched briefly on google but did not find much.

Anybody with any experience on what is the highest acceptable frequency of requests that can be made?

Thanks!


texts:
I understand not all private keys are usable as they fall outside of Secp256k1, but do they really matter when the master node or path being derived in BIP44 generates a private key which isn't usable as those nodes (keys at that node) are not supposed to hold funds?

Or is it just the actual address (external/internal chain of addresses under an account) that matters as those are the ones supposed to hold funds?

Or hitting a private key outside of Secp256k1 somehow translate into child keys being outside of Secp256k1 as well?


texts:
Seed phrases seem to be pretty secure, approximately as strong as bitcoin private key according to this site https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Seed_phrase.

But who store the private key adresses of these seed phrases, I suppose it is the wallet software provider, so each one of these provider have to save this data somewhere, and what prevent them from storing it in clear text and just acting like it didnt know our private key.


texts:
How miner validates each transaction? Does he have all the information  of the transaction taking place between nodes?

Thank you.


texts: Are there any active Bitcoin leveraged trading platforms available?

texts: For awhile Bitcoinica was a very popular leveraged trading service, but it got hacked and closed down. Are there any more services like that still functioning in the Bitcoin ecosystem?


texts: Is there a remote Bitcoin API that doesn't require anything to be stored locally?

texts:
What I imagine is a trusted centralized server (say run by Mt. Gox or some other exchange), that exposes a simple medium/low level API (let's say in JSON):

getTransaction(fromAddress)
getTxDetails()
executeTransaction()
...

I know BitcoinJ does't store the whole blockchain, but it does store and update the headers. The method I seek will save me the hassle of managing any local data except the actual keys/addresses.

I would not have to give this transaction my private key, but rather use some sort of Offline Transaction equivalent. Is there something close to this? Is somebody building this? (If not, someone should!)


texts: Cryptocurrency with support for a shared wallet

texts:
Consider a scenario where 5 cryptocurrency holders wish to create a partnership. All of them add an amount of money into a wallet to finance an idea. The wallet is shared between all of the partners to view and deposit into, but in order to withdraw, all 5 (or possibly the majority 4/5) must view the proposed transaction give some sort of permission.
Is there a cryptocurrency which could fit the above scenario?


texts: Can a customized or non-bitcoin node be made to talk to a bitcoin node?

texts: Is it possible to create a node with some different code from the bitcoin nodes but still able to talk to the bitcoin nodes? Is it possible for someone to customize their own node to add some functionality but still connect to bitcoin network and talk to other nodes?


texts: Is it possible to have proof of stake and proof of work transactions in the same block ?

texts: To understand more of the blockchain technology i asked myself , is it possible to have proof of stake and proof of work transactions in the same block ?


texts: How does the Kimoto Gravity Well regulate difficulty?

texts:
Maxcoin will use the Kimoto Gravity Well (KGW) to regulate the difficulty. From what I could find about the KGW, it retargets after every block and adjusts very quickly, e.g. when multipools add and retract mining power to a smaller coin's network.

Apparently, KGW = 1 + (0.7084 * (PastBlocksMass/144)^(-1.228)) (-> Introductory post by Kimoto) describes how to calculate the Kimoto Gravity Well. On another source, it was stated that "KGW is applied if the hash rate is high, and 1/KGW when the hash rate is low" (-> Post on Catcoin's adoption of KGW).

This leaves me with three questions:

What does PastBlocksMass refer to?
Does KGW only rely on the time required to find the previous block?
Why/How does the above formula produce the described fast adaptation of the difficulty?


texts: Are there any bitcoin clients without the Isstandard () function which would allow non standard transactions to be broadcast?


texts: Stuck on blockchain 8791 - Synchronizing

texts: I don't know what's wrong with it, but I would really appreciate it if someone can help me. I've already been receiving money from this address so I really don't want to delete it. I have 3 BTC coming in.


texts:
Satoshi Nakamoto is supposed to own 1.000.000 bitcoins on a thousands of wallets, and most of them are untouched since early blocks. This stake can potentially flood the market, so miners could probably be interested in banning them.

So, is it possible to create a soft fork (protocol update, approved by most of hashing power), that will deny any future transaction with early block coins? It is not really fair, but miners are greed and they should probably approve it. Is it a possible scenario?


texts: How the Recipient's public key is used in bitcoin transaction

texts:
In the second paragraph the white paper by Nakatomo, we have this image:

It says a coin is a set of digital signature. For what I understand the whole process is the following:

Hash together the previous transaction hash plus the recipient public key;
digitally sign the hashing string with the private key of the sender;

The digitally signed result represents the transaction.

I have a couple of questions.

First of all, when the transaction is trasmitted to majority of the nodes, they have to decrypt the signed transactions by applying the public key of the sender to verify his identity.
Well, where the nodes take the public key of the sender? I thought that they can retrieve it by looking at previous transaction (where in the last transaction the actual sender will figure out as a receiver and so his public key is in the input of the hash function), but we cannot do so because the transaction is again encrypted and we need the public key of the last-last owner.

The other question is about the Receiver public key inside the data in the hash function. Does this really matter as a proof that the coin associated to that transaction are held by the new owner? Or they play a role in the user validation? I mean, the arrow with the name "verify" what stands for?


texts: Does bitcoind ERROR "Disk space is too low!" refer to RAM or actual harddrive?

texts:
After having finished the "Initial Block Download" I needed to reindex:

[BTC_Core_Expmnt]# bitcoind -reindex -datadir=/mnt/BTC_Core_Expmnt

The debug.log showed everything starting up ok; and the process beginning:

[2020-01-20T07:43:41Z Loaded 119369 blocks from external file in 6005ms\
2020-01-20T07:43:41Z Reindexing block file blk00001.dat...]

Then a while later this:

[2020-01-20T09:05:59Z Reindexing finished]

But bitcoind continued grinding on... Well then what is all this? ::

[2020-01-20T09:05:59Z Pre-allocating up to position 0x100000 in\
[rev00000.dat 2020-01-20T09:05:59Z UpdateTip: new best=\
[00000000839a8e6886ab5951d76f411475428afc90947ee320161bbf18eb6048\
[height=1 version=0x00000001 log2_work=33.000022 tx=2\
[date='2009-01-09T02:54:25Z' progress=0.000000 cache=0.0MiB(1txo)]

In any case it got to this point ::

[2020-01-20T09:59:00Z UpdateTip: new best=\
[00000000000000001088ed0c0989828504a41d4b5b974c8c081b708cfdd3b7b0\
[height=359645 version=0x00000003 log2_work=82.893764 tx=71128141\
[date='2015-06-06T07:25:10Z' progress=0.143166\
[cache=669.7MiB(4972713txo)]

Then it fell over ::

[2020-01-20T09:59:00Z *** Disk space is too low!
[2020-01-20T09:59:00Z Error: Disk space is too low!\
[Error: Disk space is too low!
[2020-01-20T09:59:00Z Failed to connect best block\
[ (Disk space is too low! (code 0)) ]

Which is odd, because there should still be 20GB free since the size of
BTC_Core_Expmnt is supposed to be 300GB.

[BTC_Core_Expmnt]# du -h
102M    ./blocks/index
275G    ./blocks
56K     ./bitcoin-0.19.0.1/share/man/man1
60K     ./bitcoin-0.19.0.1/share/man
64K     ./bitcoin-0.19.0.1/share
73M     ./bitcoin-0.19.0.1/bin
8.0K    ./bitcoin-0.19.0.1/include
440K    ./bitcoin-0.19.0.1/lib
74M     ./bitcoin-0.19.0.1
16K     ./lost+found
3.4G    ./indexes/txindex
3.4G    ./indexes
914M    ./chainstate
280G    .
[BTC_Core_Expmnt]#

Is 300GB not enough in 2020 to run a full node?  I thought it'd do.  But, asking for any helpful tips because I cannot see anything else amiss from debug.log.


texts: Why is average time for block 8 minutes, when the target is recomputed to keep it 10 minutes?

texts:
I found out that the average time per block (based on the last 10 000 blocks) is 464 seconds - something under 8 minutes.

http://blockexplorer.com/q/interval/10000

However, I thought that the target recomputing is done so it is kept at averagely 10 minutes per block. Where does this difference come from?


texts: I own a Blockchain wallet and wishest put mneyon it from my visa debt card how do I do that

texts: I own a blockchain wallet how do I fund it using my credit card


texts: What data structure should I use to model a Blockchain

texts:
I'm working on a functional mini-Blockchain implementation in Scala. I've given this a lot of thought but still can't comprehend the most suitable data structure to model a Blockchain. Specifically :-

1.) It can't be a simple Linked list/Stack, because there are forks , which means that two different blocks can refer to the same Block.Should it be a List of top blocks , i.e. a list of topmost(heightwise) blocks ? I can then traverse the blockchain by starting my traversal from either of the topmost blocks.

2.) How do I make a block point to the previous block ? I know that every block has the hash of the previous block. But how is that enough for me to go from a block to the block it refers to in my blockchain data structure ?

Would really appreciate any help I can get.


texts:
listsinceblock help returns:

listsinceblock ( "blockhash" target-confirmations )

Get all transactions in blocks since block [blockhash], or all transactions if omitted

Arguments:
1. "blockhash"   (string, optional) The block hash to list transactions since
2. target-confirmations:    (numeric, optional) The confirmations required, must be 1 or more

I sent a coin to my wallet and a few seconds later I executed listsinceblock 1. My transaction was just broadcasted so it had 0 confirmations, as expected. Note the target-confirmations parameter above which must be greater than 0 no matter what.

So for my test I executed bitcoin-cli listsinceblock 0000000008eb5d53efbb39d2cb9f595e5bd567c295936de5c2282bbb8ef46cf0 1 which returned:

{
    "transactions" : [
        {
            "account" : "",
            "address" : "mzE6DJMHPghYpVg4GCurMbxSSXBfW1KCFH",
            "category" : "receive",
            "amount" : 1.00000000,
            "confirmations" : 0,
            "txid" : "917248d57293a7fd3a88aa3a26026d2e4d6a1d4eef898519b20419f2339c265c",
            "walletconflicts" : [
            ],
            "time" : 1399200157,
            "timereceived" : 1399200157
        }
    ],
    "lastblock" : "0000000004ba22e9f8cea2e843b34f7eeaa2c3b7004ddcf19bfd8af0215fc0cc"
}

Note that the above transaction has 0 confirmations, however listsinceblock is supposed to operate beyond 1 confirmations (which is weird, as I am polling listsinceblock to get new transactions that are always unconfirmed, after Gavin's tip on: How to know there is a new transaction?).

What am I missing here?


texts:
What is the correct process to send bitcoins using only armoryd? I'm using Armory 0.93.3 on MacOs Sierra.

I have Bitcoin Core 0.14.1 and another instance of armoryd running and up to date.
Here's what I figured out so far:

$ ./armoryd getarmorydinfo
{
     ...
     "versionstr": "0.93.3",
     ...
}
$ ./armoryd createustxtoaddress <address> 0.001 0.0001 > test.txt
$ cat test.txt
=====TXSIGCOLLECT-XxXxXxXx======================================
...
$ ./armoryd walletpassphrase <passphrase> 100
Wallet XXXXXXX has been unlocked.
$ ./armoryd signasciitransaction test.txt > test.txt.sig
$ cat test.txt.sig
=====TXSIGCOLLECT-XxXxXxXx======================================
...
$ ./armoryd sendasciitransaction test.txt.sig
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

However, the transaction doesn't show up on blockexplorers. What am I missing?


texts: I can pay invoices on my mainnet LND node, but others cannot pay my invoices

texts:
I have an LND node running the 0.5.2-beta release on a 2 core, 8GB ram Ubuntu 16.04 VM. This is my node: https://1ml.com/node/02d5efae50c1cdc6011e40b74f061ea4f444088865ec14a59e4ee6cf0d71c842fc

I used the Raspibolt tutorial to setup this node. It appears to be working properly, however when trying to receive payments it doesn't work. I can make channels and stuff, the only issue is being unable to receive payments.

For example, I have a post on yalls. I have paid for posts, it works perfectly. However when I try to withdraw whatever I have earned through yalls, it says payout failed. When I try again it says invoice is for too much, although that is false. I can confirm I have entered the right node public key when creating the post as I tried my invoices on other yalls posts and it clearly says the node pubkey is different. Here is an imgur album demonstrating this.

I have also tested my invoices with BlueWallet, and it says LND api failure 7. Here is an imgur album showing this. I think the problem here is my node. Has anyone encountered this problem, or know of a solution to it?

TLDR: I can do everything with my LND Node, except receiving payments on invoices I make


texts: How can Open Transactions benefit Bitcoin?

texts:
OT is being integrated into the Multibit client.

How can such integration benefit users? What are some things it enables?


texts: Base58Check encoding: Using for Version 4 UUID?

texts:
Can Base58Check encoding be used to encode a Version 4 UUID?

This would be handy for the same reasons as encoding Bitcoin public keys in Base58Check instead of Base64.

I've read the Bitcoin wiki pages on address encoding and the list of address prefixes, but it isn't clear whether Base58Check encoding can be used reliably for version 4 UUIDs without reserving a prefix somehow. For example, U for UUID.


texts: How to check if confirmation is done or not yet?

texts:
After sending Bitcoin to any address, how can I check if the transaction has at least one confirmation?

Should I poll the transaction repeatedly or is there any event when confirmation is  made.


texts: How to reliably check if your bitcoin onion node is reachable as advertised?

texts:
If getpeerinfo returns a good number of outbound onion peers but none show up as inbound:true, how do you check if your node is properly reachable as advertised?
Several guides and forum answers recommend checking with Bitnodes io but this service is unable to reach the majority of my undeniably reachable outbound onion peers. My node and others don't show up as reachable on Bitnodes.


texts: Why does this code keeping giving me this error? I am just trying to understand the raw bitcoin protocol

texts:
import random

def privateCeiToWif(Cei_hex) :
     return utils.base58CheckEncode(0x80, Cei_hex.decode('hex'))

def privateCeiTopublicCei(s) :
# secp256k1 : Standards for Efficient Cryptography (SEC)(Certicom Research) refers to the parameters of the ECDSA curve
    Signature = ecdsa.SigningCei.from_string(s.decode('hex'), curve = ecdsa.SECP256k1)
    verification = Signature.verifying_Cei
    return ('\04' + Signature.verifying_Cei.to_string()) .encode('hex')

def pubCeiToaddr(s) :
    ripemd160 = hashlib.new('ripemd160')
    ripemd160.update(hashlib.sha256(s.decode('hex')).digest())
    return utils.base58CheckEncode(0, ripemd160.digest())

def CeiToaddr (s) :
    return pubCeiToaddr(privateCeiTopublicCei(s))

#WARNING :  This random function is not secure
private_Cei = ' '.join(['%x ' %random.randrange(16) for x  in range(0, 64)])
print CeiUtils.privateCeiToWif(private_Cei)
print CeiUtils.CeiToaddr(private_Cei)


texts: Miner modify pending block (not yet on chain) and successfully solve the PoW

texts:
For example, I pay a cup of coffee with bitcoin, and later remove that transaction from the pending block that is not yet on chain. After 10 mins, I successfully and luckily solve the PoW problem, and broadcast the modified block to everyone as well as append it to the blockchain.

Is the scenario above possible? If it is, how is it prevented?


texts: Is there a way to initiate a payment request in bitcoin?

texts:
I'm writing a recurring billing system and I want to be able to contact a customer and request a certain amount of money. Is this possible via bitcoin?

If not, could a URL be provided the customer so he can simply click it and it opens the bitcoin app and initiates a payment process?


texts:
Haven't found a clear answer to this, but I have heard that various coins charge a sort of "developer tax". I've looked through a bunch of various crypto's sourcecode, but I haven't found any hints as to how it's implemented, let alone in what portion of the code it would be in.
Could someone reveal a little sunlight onto this behavior?


texts: if a coinbase reward isn't fully spent, can the coins ever be recovered?

texts:
If a pool mines a block and is mistakenly rewarding miners with less coins than they should be given, is it possible for others to recover those coins somehow? Or are they lost forever?

For example, if the reward should be 50 BTC and the pool pays everyone a total of 5 (because the script has a bug and everyone's payout is divided by 10), is it possible for the other 45 BTC to be recovered?


texts: How to tax trading in colored coins representing fiat?

texts: Say Kraken and Bitstamp both issue colored coins for USD, called KrakenDollars and BitStampDollars. Then I find an colored coins exchange where I can trade between the two, and deposit some KrakenDollars. In the eyes of the IRS, these are still dollars I think. Then I start trading between KrakenDollars and BitStampDollars, and make a respectable profit. Then I put my KrakenDollars back into Kraken, and withdraw to my bank account. How on earth should that be taxed? I was just trading between dollars and dollars...


texts: Receiving donations by public Bitcoin wallet ID, where to make transparent deposits?

texts:
We are a transparent NGO, so we not need secret transactions, we need to expose them...

We created a Bitcoin wallet to receive donator's deposits there (at blockchain.info), and now we have an wallet ID. Can we expose our wallet ID to the public? Donators can use the wallet ID to make donations, or we must to use address?

We need a stable and permanent ID/address to expose our transparent donation reference.


texts: What does it mean when addresses are labelled "beyond the gap limit (highlighted red)"?

texts:
There is a lot of red highlighting in the 'Label' column of my online/watch-only Electrum client, including for addresses which contain considerable balances.

After trying to find out what this meant, I found out that it is something to do with the gap limit, and I read in the thread Electrum 1.9 released on BCT:

  "red means that the address is beyond the gap limit, so it will not be recovered if you restore from seed
  the red color will disappear once other (preceding) addresses receive coins."

This makes me think, that if my hardware is damaged and I need to restore the wallet from seed, that I will lose the BTC which I have stored in those red-labelled addresses. I don't know why this would be, as I didn't think it worked that way, but I don't know enough about it to know, and this is coming from the lead developer.

First, what exactly does it mean, that I have this red highlighting?
Second, should I be concerned about it, do I need to do anything about it?
Third, if I should do something about it, what should I do?

Thanks.

Additional information: In the past, there was a time when I was signing a transaction with my offline wallet, and I did not have all the addresses generated which were involved with the transaction from the online wallet. Because of this, I used some command in the Electrum command-line interface of the offline wallet to generate new addresses, I think by increasing the gap limit possibly. In fact, I used the thread Offline send - can't send from change address for guidance on how to do whatever it was I did:
I used a mixture of those three commands, but in the end I think I did it mainly by using the command, wallet.storage.put( 'gap_limit', 20 ). I may have done this repeatedly, or with a large number, to make sure I definitely generated the addresses I was looking for; I don't know if this was excessive and may have caused problems.

Edit: I should probably add, that all of these red-highlighted addresses are change addresses.


texts: Accessing Bitcoin core software through a mobile phone with no internet connection

texts: I am new to to Bitcoin and was allocated a project to develop a (middle-man)service that can allow a person (using a mobile phone with no Internet connection) to use Bitcoin. Since Bitcoin Core is the software that enables a person to use the currency, does this mean my developed software should find a way to communicate with the Bitcoin core software installed on my desktop computer? Or are there any other applications that should be installed?


texts: How and why we need to validate a transaction?

texts:
I've starting doing some researches about the Bitcoin protocol and the blockchain. I'm trying to understand all the sections in the Bitcoin white-paper.
So far, i couldn't understand what is the utility of adding the transactions merkle tree root on the block header. Yes, i know that it's done to save space as the paper said. But when do someone need it?

For example, when miners receives a new block, does they receive only the block header, or the block header with the transaction? Means, is the blockchain a chain of blocks of headers?

If the 8- Simplified Payment Verification section Satoshi said:

  It is possible to verify payments without running a full network node.
  A user only needs to keep a copy of the block headers of the longest
  proof-of-work chain, which he can get by querying network nodes until
  he's convinced he has the longest chain, and obtain the Merkle branch
  linking the transaction to the block it's timestamped in. He can't
  check the transaction for himself, but by linking it to a place in the
  chain, he can see that a network node has accepted it, and blocks
  added after it further confirm the network has accepted it.

How can the user obtain the obtain the Merkle branch linking the transaction to the block it's timestamped in ?


texts: Who does the work in proof of stake (POS)?

texts: I heard about proof of stake lately, and people are saying you don't need GPU or any mining power, as long as you have the coins, they will generate you more coins (more coins you have, more earnings you get?). So I'm wondering, 1. doesn't that make the rich richer, and poor still poor? 2. If no GPU or mining power needed, what was done? Is there no algorithm to be solved? If yes, who does it in that case since people are not mining in POS?


texts: Does Stratum cause mining to be more centralized than getBlockTemplate would?

texts:
I read the question "I don't understand the "51% attack" problem. Why does a mining pool have power with a 51% share?" and its anwers.  That made me wonder that since the GBT protocol is generally not favored by pool operators (currently only one large pool, BTCC, offers it according to Comparison of Mining Pools),
would that mean that those miners who mine through STM have given up their rights to choose what kind of block they'd like to mine?
I understand that it needs both miners and users to agree with any protocol changes, but

Not all users running full-node clients.
It's possible and probable for large pool operators to gang together and act selfishly.

Since mining difficulty grows steadily solo mining becomes more and more unpractical. Mining pools will eventually take over almost all the hash power.
Won't this result a centralized model of mining?

Is there any new protocol other than GBT and STM in the development?


texts: How does a bitcoin wallet incorporate UTXOs for payment?

texts: How does the wallet choose the UTXOs it will use?Retrieve one by one until the number meets the number to be paid?


texts: what's the link between iSCSI protocol and "stratum+tcp attacks

texts:
I found a strange file under/var/tmp directory, named ietd.conf

{
    "url" : "stratum+tcp://188.165.254.85:80",
    "user" : "46Z6dQ77i2qAapF4kjLXaaYKCB59eajwaZbmtyyPsxDXWyxPS5nfYoe5t4R7yTgsvT
AxgE8DRwwtKiMxCmM39KCBPfEgL5b",
    "pass" : "x",
    "algo" : "cryptonight",
    "quiet" : true
}

Can someone explain it to me please


texts: What is the risk of using wallet.dat files for long term cold storage?

texts: i created these wallet.dat files on an offline machine in 2014 using QT.  I've sent coins to the receiving addies over the years.  these files are bip38 encrypted.  do i need to do anything to these files to keep them usable and viable?  if so, what?  additionally, what is the argument against this form of cold storage?  thanks so much.


texts: Default address in a Bitcoin core wallet

texts: Can anyone tell me what a default address is in a wallet I have dumped with pywallet? What is it's purpose and why that one address. It is an older wallet.dat.


texts: Bitcoin confirmed but have not received anything

texts:
Transaction number 2f1271a411b296ee2fbc5941809cbf4d4718a0c564de4a437f505073a92da3b8
Why have my not received the Bitcoin


texts: Do I need to develop a separate blockchain for my altcoin (cloned on BTC)?

texts:
Hi I am looking to develop an altcoin or more specifically to clone Bitcoin / litcoin
I have few questions in mind before starting that I’d really appreciate if someone helps.
Do I need to develop a separate blockchain or it will use the blockchain of BTC / LTC?
Do I need to construct a wallet or it will be created once I compile the code?
How would I be able to mine the coins?
Where to put the code once the coin is generated

I have basic understanding of C++ and will hire a blockchain developer as well but didn’t find one here in my country (I am from Pakistan)


texts: Do any Virtual Currencies use coins that have an expiration date?

texts:
Bitcoin has no way of knowing if a given Bitcoin is "expired" or has a Base58 address that no one has a key for

One way of ensuring that coins are never lost is to expire coins and add them back to the coinbase at some future date.  People with active keys would simply move all the coins to a new address within a 5 to 10 year period.

Has anyone explored the pros or cons of this, how it impacts velocity of money?

A few benefits off the top of my head include

Forced upgrade of all coins to better newer technology (SCrypt, Sha512, etc)
Better analysis and less speculation of the network (coins in circulation is constant)
More incentives to mine after the 21 million BTC mark is reached

Note: I'm not proposing a change to Bitcoin, but want to see if any Alt-coins have researched this area.


texts: What encryption does Electrum use for private keys in wallets?

texts: Electrum can encrypt the private keys in wallets with a user entered password. But what encryption algorithm is used? I'd hope it is reasonably strong crypto. I've looked at the Electrum docs and can't find specifics.


texts: Verifing the given R/S pair (signature) against a hash using the public key

texts:
According to this function:

public boolean verify(Sha256Hash sigHash, ECDSASignature signature) {
        return ECKey.verify(sigHash.getBytes(), signature, getPubKey());
    }

I do not understand which must be the content of the variable sighash.

Here is my function where the creation of signature happend:

public ECDSASignature scriptSig(Receiver r) {
        System.out.println("First step :\n");
        System.out
                .println("CREATION OF SCRIPTSIG-----OR----- OUTPUT TRANSACTION");

        r = super.getReceiver();

        Wallet rwallet = r.getReceiverWalletList().get(0);

        BigInteger R = rwallet.getClientKey().getPrivKey();
        System.out
                .println("*******************************************************");
        System.out.println(R);

        BigInteger S = new BigInteger(r.getReceiverWalletList().get(0).getClientKey().getPubKey()); // i
                                                                                // had
                                                                                // .getPubkeyHash()
        System.out
                .println("*******************************************************");
        System.out.println(S);

        // constructs a signature with the given components
        ECDSASignature receiverSig = new ECDSASignature(R, S);

        return receiverSig;
    }

and here i am trying to verify my signature:

sha256hash = new Sha256Hash(receiver.getReceiverWalletList()
                        .get(0).getClientKey().getPrivKeyBytes());
            redeemerSignature = scriptSig(receiver);

.....

if (receiver.getReceiverWalletList().get(0).getClientKey()
                        .verify(sha256hash, redeemerSignature))
                    System.out.println("The transaction finished SUCCESSFULLY");

                else
                    System.out
                            .println("The transaction finished UNSUCCESSFULLY");

I think i my problem is the right input in sha256hash = new Sha256Hash(...) instance.

Any help?


texts:
If I try to get info in genesis block, there is 1 tx:

  "scriptPubKey": {
    "asm": "0496b538e853519c726a2c91e61ec11600ae1390813a627c66fb8be7947be63c52da7589379515d4e0a604f8141781e62294721166bf621e73a82cbf2342c858ee OP_CHECKSIG",
    "hex": "410496b538e853519c726a2c91e61ec11600ae1390813a627c66fb8be7947be63c52da7589379515d4e0a604f8141781e62294721166bf621e73a82cbf2342c858eeac",
    "type": "pubkey"
  }

bitcoin-cli decodescript gives me this address:

{
  "asm": "0496b538e853519c726a2c91e61ec11600ae1390813a627c66fb8be7947be63c52da7589379515d4e0a604f8141781e62294721166bf621e73a82cbf2342c858ee OP_CHECKSIG",
  "type": "pubkey",
  "p2sh": "3BgShGBxRQrczVD6Ftj4z51FfgJ761FdSX"
}

However any block chain explorers show address 12c6DSiU4Rq3P4ZxziKxzrL5LmMBrzjrJX.
The same problem with 2, 3, 4... blocks. Why?


texts:
I downloaded and setup the bitcoind
and by using the command to check the progress of the download it shows like it gets to 25k~ and then starts over back from 0 and so it continues in a handless loop.
Here it is a screenshot that show what im talking about
http://prntscr.com/eoeuhe
Thanks for helping :)


texts: Recovering a Ripple wallet on Ledger Nano

texts:
I have 20 XRP in a Ledger Nano and before I load everything onto it I want to test the recovery procedure so I am prepared in case something goes wrong down the track

I have read the material here on the Ledger documentation but it does not elaborate on how it recovers the keys for the apps you have installed - in this case XRP.

Ideally I would also like to generate my public and private keys as described here and store them somewhere safe - but again it does not elaborate on the keys for altcoins.

Thanks in advance on any guidance!


texts:
I am looking for a technical answer that explains how are validated the forged block.

I already looked in the NXT wiki and in their white paper and found no detailed explanation.


texts: I need clarification on moving BTC to another wallet

texts: First off-- I am a total newb-- just bought btc today. Its sitting in a DEX wallet and I want to move it to another wallet. Which key do I use to identify the new wallet when I want to send?  Are they asking for the set of words or the jibberish key?


texts:
I try to create a custom p2sh script using the btcruby gem.

Here is the code I used to generate my script:

def self.create_script
    myscript=BTC::Script.new
    myscript<<BTC::Script::OP_IF
    myscript.append("026edc650b929056b58e4247274a02e3f1665dd10fb1da2575ebae27447f24363e")
    myscript<<BTC::Script::OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY
    myscript<<BTC::Script::OP_ELSE
    myscript.append("f1887875")
    myscript<<BTC::Script::OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY
    myscript<<BTC::Script::OP_DROP
    myscript<<BTC::Script::OP_ENDIF
    myscript.append("026edc650b929056b58e4247274a02e3f1665dd10fb1da2575ebae27447f24363e")
    myscript<<BTC::Script::OP_CHECKSIG
end

here is how I generate the transaction to spend from this script (output_script is the script generated by create_script):

def self.create_transaction(output_script, private_key)
    tx = BTC::Transaction.new

    tx.add_input(BTC::TransactionInput.new(previous_id: 'baacd6ca42f27d707795b5e7a8a346de57a9eb2c333cbf404106f612b3504499',
                                  previous_index: 0))

    tx.add_output(BTC::TransactionOutput.new(value: 80_000, script: PublicKeyAddress.parse("14EEEdn7fVBCYawkEAdcjqnKbxvejoZAT9").script))

    key = BTC::Key.new(wif: private_key)
    hashtype = BTC::SIGHASH_ALL
    sighash = tx.signature_hash(input_index: 0,
                            output_script: output_script.p2sh_script,
                            hash_type: hashtype)
    tx.inputs[0].signature_script = BTC::Script.new
    tx.inputs[0].signature_script.append(key.ecdsa_signature(sighash) + BTC::WireFormat.encode_uint8(hashtype))
    tx.inputs[0].signature_script.append_script(input_script)
    tx
end

When I try to execute this transaction I have the following error:

64: scriptsig-not-pushonly

What does this error mean?
Is there a mistake in my logic fore creating the spending transaction?


texts: Are transactions in the mined block validated by other nodes on the network?

texts: After successfully mining a block, the block and the solution is broadcast to the network. The nodes on the network in turn verify the solution. Aren't transactions that belong to the broadcasted mined block validated?


texts: Any advantages in terms of our location & East-West timing differences for self mining on a 100 th/s btc rig

texts: I do live in india.. I believe that bitcoin mining rig owners are very lessaound us ..I read some where that  we will be able to mine more bitcoins  while the west or far-east  sleeps..


texts: Prioritize transaction with low fee [regtest]

texts:
Tx1:
send '{"bcrt1qgz8qhrqyglh7zu3alssydsfa7wk2auucftfnv3": 0.2}' null "unset" 1.1

{
  "txid": "d040ebe603f80bdf1a92877efeb2b4a27c32766202aeecf3a969b665a0d4c6d8",
  "complete": true
}

Bump fee:
bumpfee d040ebe603f80bdf1a92877efeb2b4a27c32766202aeecf3a969b665a0d4c6d8

Tx2:
{
  "txid": "14f13ad9e757752fce52be3f60a08ff697db646863e68f43e76bd1e70eb4504f",
  "origfee": 0.00000228,
  "fee": 0.00001268,
  "errors": [
  ]
}

Prioritize Tx1:
prioritisetransaction "d040ebe603f80bdf1a92877efeb2b4a27c32766202aeecf3a969b665a0d4c6d8" 0.0 2536

true

Mine a block:
generatetoaddress 1 "bcrt1qh3v7u6qv46q26srjtjux3cg2g35qlyjf8fqgej"

[
  "7901e58c61d7e4ed0a07aaef382b5ca6c2f3ec146ed093f443c5e322d4ba3848"
]

Why does Tx2 get included in the block even though I tried to prioritize Tx1:
getblock "7901e58c61d7e4ed0a07aaef382b5ca6c2f3ec146ed093f443c5e322d4ba3848" 2

https://pastebin.com/raw/kYfTsUUG
If this is related to mempool conflicts and the way they are managed in Bitcoin Core, how can I test below scenario using regtest:

User broadcasts Tx1 which is relayed and now in the mempool of a node used by mining pools.
User replaces it using RBF with Tx2, this transaction is not yet relayed to mempool of nodes used by mining pools.
Next block is mined and Tx1 is included in the block


texts: What would Bitcoin be like with two block chains?

texts:
I once heard somebody say that to overcome the absolute supply limit of 21 million bitcoins, one could start their own block chain.

Besides the adoption concerns (most likely nobody would accept the new block chain as genuine in the currently existing Bitcoin network even if it had its own genesis block and wasn't just a fork), are there any networking problems with this? If, hypothetically, the adoption concerns could all be overridden, would there be any data conflicts with the existing block chain? Is the Bitcoin protocol designed to be able to use more than one block chain? Can the client handle it?


texts: Percent of bitcoin transactions not to exchanges?

texts: Is there any way to estimate the percentage of bitcoin transaction volume that isn't related to speculation? For example, one could estimate the volume sent to and received from the major exchanges and look at how that compares to the total transaction volume.


texts: Where should one suggest new terminology?

texts: What is the proper place to suggest Bitcoin-related terminology that one believes should be used by the community? For example, when one wants to standardise some terms people use to describe different things, or coin a new term to describe something that wasn't yet described?


texts: Is the minimum fee considered when a full P2P node validates a Tx?

texts:
So if the core devs change the minimum fee schedule, lowering the maximum "free" tx from 10,000 to 1,000 bytes - how will that not cause a hard fork? Or at least prevent nodes running old software from propagating a new Tx?

https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/main.cpp

I could be reading this wrong, but looks to me like the minimum fee schedule is part of the "standard tx" test, and so nodes with different fee schedules wouldn't be able to send all tx's between each other.


texts: Where does it go and who verifies private keys?

texts: Let's imagine a situation: I want to send bitcoins to a friend. I need a private key to identify my wallet ownership. So: where is this key sent and who verifies it? Wallet (client)? Nodes? Miners? Who?


texts:
How do a malicious nodes correct their blockchain if they have it wrong?

If they don’t want to fix it, what happens then?


texts: Is GPU mining worthwhile for any currency?

texts:
I've been under the impression that all proof-of-work mining is now done by ASICs.

Then I saw this article, that says,

  "AMD shares are surging with bitcoin because digital currency 'miners' need its graphics cards"

Is there any truth to this?  Or just False News?


texts:
Today, I stumbled upon this bizarre website: https://privatekeys.pw/

Bitcoin Private Keys Directory

The FAQ makes no sense at all and doesn't explain what it is about whatsoever.
What could they be referring to? Private keys? Are they listing compromised private keys to Bitcoin wallets? Why do that in public? And if so, of course whoever runs that site must've already nabbed any coins from the wallet anyway? So what possible use is that information to the world?
As so often is the case, I have to ask: "What am I missing here?"


texts: Ripple ledger hash generation efficiency. How hard is it to generate the ledger hash?

texts:
According to Ripple, at every round, validating nodes generate the ledger hash, which contains the account_hash, which is the hash of the state tree, which contains all the ledger objects, including settings and balances.

This article says that it is a very disk-intensive process, because the whole tree for the account state consists of hundreds of thousands of inner nodes which change when any of their descendants change. The amount of change depends on the depth of the affected leaf nodes.

Being so, I wonder how hard it is and much harder it will get, as the amount of nodes increase over time.

How Ripples solves this problem now and how it plans to deal with it as it grows?


texts: What pools will allow asic block erupters these days?

texts:
I'm a Ubuntu cgminer/bfgminer guy and purchased 6 asic block erupters and a newbie to mining.  Could never get into slushpool, but have been mining for poolin for about a week and really don't see any results anywhere.
1-poolin.com?  -  I did create for ETH,  a coinbase wallet entry, although the poolin 'sub-account' dialog field never showed the pasted wallet address  and  still see nothing where it  doesn't even show the hash rate.   Possibly I'm not looking in right place and/or this hardware isn't making any kind of contribution even though the terminal screen shows the miners cranking away full speed, now for some days.
2-other pools? -  I have been reading and realize that block erupters are now considered too slow or inadequate for most pools.   Does anybody recommend of know of a pool where  6 block erupters could make an acceptable contribution and they would allow little me to mine and see the results of dedicated mining hours?
Certainly I do plan to enlarge this configuration but would be very grateful to see some results before making more investment.    Again thanks kindly for your assistance.


texts: Negative number of confirmations for a testnet transaction on blockexplorer

texts:
I am curious about the test transaction f72f59a32c1bac47ec87bc3678ec44e98eece5e235d29d79cd1f5461ccc5bf38. Depending on which site I view this transaction, the number of confirmations is positive or negative:

On https://testnet.blockexplorer.com/tx/f72f59a32c1bac47ec87bc3678ec44e98eece5e235d29d79cd1f5461ccc5bf38 there are -1797 confirmations.

However on https://live.blockcypher.com/btc-testnet/tx/f72f59a32c1bac47ec87bc3678ec44e98eece5e235d29d79cd1f5461ccc5bf38 there are +1318 confirmations.

Moreover, one of the outputs appears to be spent on blockcypher but unspent on blockexplorer.

I have two questions:

Why is there such a difference in the number of confirmations?
Is there something wrong with this transaction?


texts:
The goal of bitcoin is to serve as p2p electronic cash. But it still needs a 3rd party (miners) to approve/authorize/record/track/store transactions. The difference is this authority is decentralized and distributed.

Why is it not a complete p2p (like gold, fiat cash) electronic cash? Is it not possible to create such system with cryptography? If yes what are the difficulties?


texts: Bitcoin - differences between address, account and wallet

texts:
I've been reading official BTC documentation and now I'm completely lost. Documentations is too tangled and written in unnecessary many words.
They have:

https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Address

https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Accounts_explained (no, actually not explained)

https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Wallet

Please, somebody tell me the difference between them in a simple manner. What's an address, an account, a wallet, and how does the keys fit in.


texts: What means "messege" in the bitcoin blockchain? [elliptic curve cryptography]

texts:
I am stuck with one question in my research.
I found some mentions that bitcoin(or blockchain) is a messeging system, I played with couple curve encoding algorithms and it was like:

Curve params, priv key, pub key or coordinates + messege = signature.

Its easy to read about it but I stuck to figure out what "messege" is in the bitcoin blockchain info?
How this related to tx hashes? tx amount? what actually we encoding during the transaction and how to get this input/outut in readable format.

Thanks


texts: Is there a connections limit on bitcoind?

texts:
I don't know if it is a lot or a few, but I see this number of connections:

bitcoin-cli getnetworkinfo | grep connections

  "connections": 66,

It does not seem to get over 70, is there an in-built limit? If yes, can I tweak the limit of connections to get higher?


texts: What's the difference between `z-addr` and `t-addr` type addresses?

texts:
I was playing with the zcash testnet and figured there are two different types of addresses available: z and t. Is this a privacy feature?

What's the difference between z-addr and t-addr type addresses?


texts: looking for faucet API so i could use it for tests - Automated faucet

texts:
i would like to make some tests on test net, the issue is every time i have insufficient fund in my wallet i need to find a faucet and manually add funds.
i would like to create an automatic faucet that will fill the balance in my wallet, I've found an Ether faucet API in GitHub, and i'll really appreciate if anyone could help me with finding bitcoin API.
thanks


texts: How to get the input address from an txid with bitcoind

texts:
I want to get the input addresses of a transaction with a known id. If I use getrawtransaction I get something like:

"vin" : [
{
"txid" : "470a499101b7042b225dab4f15fa252cdc7f3a16153e33d66d0c8c53b1d83aaa",
"vout" : 1,
"scriptSig" : {
"asm" : "304502206917b333161de796bed7770615ebf66669092a53877b3dba2582bad7dfc0b56c022100f9926a5e82d15666122b1f8703d94116eec0c98ddbf922a72467b05953532e1a01 03864670304932f91c85f38e80aebcd6c37fa36529b7135f7fa21b36585df5ab49",
"hex" : "48304502206917b333161de796bed7770615ebf66669092a53877b3dba2582bad7dfc0b56c022100f9926a5e82d15666122b1f8703d94116eec0c98ddbf922a72467b05953532e1a012103864670304932f91c85f38e80aebcd6c37fa36529b7135f7fa21b36585df5ab49"
},

If I want to further look of the transaction 470a499101b7042b225dab4f15fa252cdc7f3a16153e33d66d0c8c53b1d83aaa with getrawtransaction I get a:
"No information availabe about transaction (code -5)"

So is it at all possible to get the input addresses of a random transaction (not belonging to your wallet) with bitcoind?


texts: Why are Bitcoin transactions sometimes confirmed instantly if blocks are mined every 10 minutes?

texts:
I have a basic question on Bitcoin and blockchain:

Sometimes transactions are confirmed almost instantly, but there should be a new block every 10 minutes, so how is it possible? A transaction can be confirmed only after being included in a block, right?

thanks!


texts: How do nodes verify backwards incompatible blocks?

texts: When you start the initial block download with the latest versions of Bitcoin Core, how does your node know that old blocks were valid according to different rules prior to soft forks?


texts: How to get balance from a specific address in bitcoinj?

texts: I'm trying to get the balance of a specific address in a wallet by using bitcoinj, but I don't know how. Can someone help me? Thanks in advance!!


texts: Unable to construct a correct raw transaction for bitcoin cash testnet

texts:
I am trying to construct a raw transaction for bitcoin cash testnet. I have made a lot of use out of this very nice answer to how to construct a raw transaction, but am still unable to construct a correct one myself. I would like to spend the the first output 7098b2735336c85077e9704cb8ba521f5c2d92f768081345c5ded26c52fcc1a9.

Here is what I do:

Create a transaction using the previous transaction hash and index with the scriptSig filled in with the scriptPubKey of the output I want to redeem. The raw transaction looks like this:

01000000
01
a9c1fc526cd2dec545130868f7922d5c1f52bab84c70e97750c8365373b29870
00000000
19
76a914edc822bff914a255b819156c70e19dd09e8c0f6a88ac
ffffffff
01
80d6e34c00000000
19
76a9147971da00aa2aae27e2ff5d801a602014453c4c2c88ac
00000000

To this I append a four-byte hash code type 41000000.

01000000
01
a9c1fc526cd2dec545130868f7922d5c1f52bab84c70e97750c8365373b29870
00000000
19
76a914edc822bff914a255b819156c70e19dd09e8c0f6a88ac
ffffffff
01
80d6e34c00000000
19
76a9147971da00aa2aae27e2ff5d801a602014453c4c2c88ac
00000000
41000000

Now I compute the sha256 hash of this two times which yields:

f6b38f93c859db4920f22a1cd07d6c615a503ce89a7b2a3d90babad521b26062

Now I sign the result in 3. This could be where I am doing something wrong. The signature results in:

r = 767fb3ae5c9cab9a5afae16289e672a9723bcea919c429fc9cc6449d0baa6131
s = 6dcaab24e992565473c0e080d934df239c3bbb5f7869ac92d93f598a9e646136

and then I encode it into DER format as

30440220767fb3ae5c9cab9a5afae16289e672a9723bcea919c429fc9cc6449d0baa613102206dcaab24e992565473c0e080d934df239c3bbb5f7869ac92d93f598a9e646136

Does this look right?
To this signature I append the one-byte hash code type 41:

30440220767fb3ae5c9cab9a5afae16289e672a9723bcea919c429fc9cc6449d0baa613102206dcaab24e992565473c0e080d934df239c3bbb5f7869ac92d93f598a9e64613641

Then I prepend the length of the result of 5:

4730440220767fb3ae5c9cab9a5afae16289e672a9723bcea919c429fc9cc6449d0baa613102206dcaab24e992565473c0e080d934df239c3bbb5f7869ac92d93f598a9e64613641

Then I append 2103ce9f14cccee963def0f3a50978daa2dd91905eb11958da2c83e44c0ebb585c72 (the length of the public key + the actual public key) to the result of 6 yielding:

4730440220767fb3ae5c9cab9a5afae16289e672a9723bcea919c429fc9cc6449d0baa613102206dcaab24e992565473c0e080d934df239c3bbb5f7869ac92d93f598a9e646136412103ce9f14cccee963def0f3a50978daa2dd91905eb11958da2c83e44c0ebb585c72

The result of 7 is my signature, its length is 0x6a, so now I replace the scriptSig_length and scriptSig in 1 with this data yielding:

01000000
01
a9c1fc526cd2dec545130868f7922d5c1f52bab84c70e97750c8365373b29870
00000000
6a
4730440220767fb3ae5c9cab9a5afae16289e672a9723bcea919c429fc9cc6449d0baa613102206dcaab24e992565473c0e080d934df239c3bbb5f7869ac92d93f598a9e646136412103ce9f14cccee963def0f3a50978daa2dd91905eb11958da2c83e44c0ebb585c72
ffffffff
01
80d6e34c00000000
19
76a9147971da00aa2aae27e2ff5d801a602014453c4c2c88ac
00000000

This is my raw transaction, but when I try to send it I get the following error:

16: mandatory-script-verify-flag-failed (Signature must be zero for failed CHECK(MULTI)SIG operation)

Can anyone tell me what I did wrong? Thank you very much!


texts: How to remove private keys from wallet.dat and create "receive only" wallet?

texts: I want to create a wallet for monitoring incoming transactions. So it should be receive only wallet that will be place on hosting, that is potentially not secure. If I understand it well, this won't allow attacker to stole funds if server is compromised. How I can create such a wallet with only public keys? And can I inject private keys later to spend from that wallet from a secure machine?


texts: Acting as a passive node rather than an active one using bitcoind

texts:
I currently have a bitcoind version:80500 running on a VPS. I am interested in using it to only verify transactions for me much the same way blockchain.info  does.

Is it possible to run bitcoind to do this? I guess the best analogy to this would be acting as a leecher. Or does it always act as an active node passing transactions etc?


texts: Easiest way to control a remote bitcoind instance?

texts:
What's the easiest way to control bitcoind running on a remote machine?

I'd like to make transfers, manage my wallet, etc, and ideally I'd like to do it using a UI such as bitcoin-qt.  Unfortunately I don't see how to get bitcoin-qt to connect to a remote bitcoind.  Is there a different piece of software that can do this?

I know I can use bitcoind itself to send commands to a remote instance, but I'm hoping for UI.

--

The reason I'm interested is that I'm happy to leave bitcoind running and stay synchronised on one machine, but this is not the same machine that I want to run the UI on.


texts: Is it possible to buy or sell Bitcoin options?

texts: Like put and call options for a stock, but for the future price of Bitcoin?


texts: Is it possible to trace fraud committed via a service the bridges banking and bitcoin?

texts:
Consider the following scenario:

An individual, the "buyer" buys something online from someone else, the "seller". The buyer cannot verify the identity of the seller.
The seller wants money upfront before shipping and communicates bank account details to the buyer. The buyer trusts the seller because he assumes the seller can be identified using via the banking details if the seller should attempt to defraud the buyer.
However, the bank account is not a personal account in the seller's names. It's a service that will convert all incomming funds into bitcoin and sent them to a bitcoin address under the control of the seller.
The seller runs away with the money (bitcoin) and never ships the goods. The buyer attempts to track the seller using the banking transaction and finds out about the service used. The service operator discloses the bitcoin address (e.g. when law enforcement gets involved), but cannot provide any further information about the seller.

Is is possible to track down the seller using publicly available information from the blockchain?


texts:
I got this message:

I tried looking in the logs. Just prior to the channel closing, seems like
there was a temporary network issue and the re-establishment message wasn't
received by your node. Waited 5 minutes for a reply before our nodes retried
(successfully) to re-connect. But I guess by then it was too late, the channel
was already closed. What do you logs say?

Log Summary:

12:33    Received re-establishment message from remote side for channel
12:38:02 Disconnecting 220.133.223.206:9735, reason: Peer 220.133.223.206:9735 no answer for 5m0s -- disconnecting
12:38:04 Established connection to: 220.133.223.206:9735
12:39    CNCT: Unprompted commitment broadcast for ChannelPoint

Longer log summary
2019-02-13 12:33:01.877 [INF] HSWC: Received re-establishment message from remote side for channel(624919015402f01fd46d6c0d57a3ac23ed33dc411c6f6b395c117867fba0b4fc:0)

====
How can I figure out whats going on?


texts: How can I send bitcoins to my coinbase.com account for conversion to USD?

texts:
First, I am not a merchant and I don't really care to become one (for now.)  Recently, I sent some BTC to Mt.Gox, sold them and then conveniently found out that I now have no way of withdrawing my USD to my bank account from gox.

After a bit of research, everyone is suggesting that I sell my BTC on Coinbase and then withdraw directly to my bank account.  My problem is that I can't find an easy way to deposit into my coinbase account that I just created and verified.

Is this an easy process that I've overlooked or will I need to setup a shell, merchant payment system and send myself my one-off BTC payment so that I can sell my bitcoins for USD?


texts: Can I buy cryptocurrency being on H1B Visa?

texts: Can I Buy/Sell bitcoin/Ethereum or get involved extensively in cryptocurrency? If so how much capital can I invest? I am currently on H1B Visa and wanted to get some insight on this. Thanks!


texts:
I found a few answers to this question here, here, and here, but my doubts weren't cleared.
Are trades done on exchanges added to blocks? Or are they only added once you withdraw the funds to your own wallet? If this is the case, how does the exchange decide on transaction fees?
Based on the above posts the answer to the first question seems to be "no". Most exchanges seem to work off-block. Now, is it possible that as a buyer one may be buying bitcoins that don't actually exist? How is this controlled?
If I misunderstood and all transactions made on exchanges are confirmed into a block, who sets the fees?
Any good articles or pieces out there to learn about the work behind the scenes of exchanges? I can't seem to find anything that addresses this.