texts: How do I view information on the peers my Bitcoin Core full node is connected to?

texts: I would like to view information on the peers my Bitcoin Core full node is connected to. How do I do this?


texts: How did Binance Exchange get hacked in April of 2019 (7000 BTC) and how much is in the SAFU insurance fund?

texts: Binance exchange got hacked in April 2019 for 7000 BTC (50 Million USD), but how did it get hacked exactly? They say they are going to pay everyone back via their SAFU insurance fund, but how much is in that SAFU account?


texts: Coins sent without downloading the full wallet

texts: i sent bit-connect tokens to my desktop wallet and now i cant seem to see them can you please help me it says on the block explorer that it is already there but the network is updated. after that transaction i sent another one which came to the address can you please help? Are my coins gone?


texts: What is transaction not found on blockchain mean? Does that mean transaction still waiting in mempool, unconfirmed or never broadcasted on blockchain?

texts:
I requested from my exchange (GEMINI) to withdraw bitcoin and send to my another exchange (BITTREX) on 11/11/17, four days ago. I have still not received my bitcoin at BITTREX receiving exchange; the transaction does not show in pending at receiving exchange.

Gemini exchange transaction history shows a withdrawal of bitcoin transaction with a link 'view transaction'. If I click on this link it takes me to https://insight.bitpay.com/ and shows "TRANSACTION NOT FOUND". I also searched in blockchain.info and some other explorers all show transaction not found.
So far not much luck from Gemini support. I am getting desperate with Gemini.

Here is the transaction ID;
e1e405bdd06b3ab23c3099f41f5da58ea0f5cf0bd2f891850c1d5c70fedfdb20

What is happening with this transaction?  What does "transaction not found" mean?

Is this waiting in miner's mempool to be picked up?
Is this unconfirmed and already dropped from the blockchain network.
Transaction have some error to start with and never broadcasted on blockchain network?
None of the above and have some other issue?


texts: Stratum protocol - problem with mining.submit method

texts:
code was written according to documentation.

I have following lines for submit method

submit() {
    // ["<worker.name>", "<jobID>", "<ExtraNonce2>", "<ntime>", "<nonce>"]
    return this.call('mining.submit', [this.worker.name, this.worker.jobId, this.worker.extranonce2, this.worker.ntime, this.worker.extranonce2]);
}

According to documentation "When miner find the job which meets requested difficulty, it can submit share to the server" and the result should be following

{"error": null, "id": 4, "result": true}

But test was failed (result in the image)

QUESTION: Could some one clarify, waht is wrong and how to solve the problem? What does mean "low difficulty"? Why did I get that message?


texts: Can I sign a text with a Bitcoin address using PHP only?

texts:
I have the following...

Bitcoin Address: 1H2zzoAncRcQYihgTMYtX55ioXYErmYQQC

Public Key: 021FE07FBBB27AD176F1E082950474CD6252FB86751B893BC0887962B008830798

WIF Key: Kzy3fea4xCwLczAj3g8TYvDw6QRKCMqvVZX2J7vaXgy78VhieRdV

HEX Key: 6FCE4A50EA529B2D4B3E9671B5B0AA0D5D19266D778FB005F25AE4599D5D2BA0

I need to sign: Just a sample text

I want this result: H9saC8UiO0n++3dHZev/apRXkQCrqFofvW9vMpzWqPKsYTNvx/4bdtbdcMORGvNblQknT34UErnwEM3fxTZII0U=

How can I code it only in PHP without calling any API or invoking any JS library?


texts: How is the hash that is signed calculated?

texts: I'm a bit confused about the signature contained in the scriptSig of a transaction. My question is: what do we really sign? Is it the hash of the previous transaction?


texts:
I'm using bitcoind and for the transfer of tokens from one account to other, I'm using sendFrom method. but there is a transaction fee calculation and on the bitcoin-qt panel, In the transactions screen, it is showing an fee amount(-0.00001215) was deducted.

Status: 2/unconfirmed, broadcast through 3 nodes
Date: 23-10-2017 11:25
To: EVR purchase
Total debit: -0.10000000 BTC
Total credit: 0.10000000 BTC
Transaction fee: -0.00001215 BTC
Net amount: -0.00001215 BTC

Comment:
addr
Transaction ID: c9f7c16c2f61818a6c6180ea2242e2139e4bb4400ab199e7c9f2b93802d6ed52
Transaction total size: 373 bytes
Output index: 0

Currently, I'm following http://bitcoinfees.21.co/api/v1/fees/recommended and getting the fastest fee from that api and then using bitcoin-cli commands, to set the transaction fee(settxfee) and then doing the transfer. But instead of the given txFee, some random txfee is getting deducted from the wallet.

Can anyone help me, how to calculate the txFee properly?

My Code :

client.walletPassphrase(config.BTCWalletPassword, 600)
.then(function (transactionHash) {

    client.setTxFee(txFee).then(function (successdata) {

        client.sendFrom(fromAccountName, toAccountAddress, totalAmount, 0, 'comment1', 'comment2')
        .then(function (transactionHash) {
            console.log(transactionHash);

            client.walletLock()
            .then(function (locked) {
                process.exit();
            })
            .catch(function (err) {
                process.exit();
            });
        })
        .catch(function (err) {
            console.log(err);
            process.exit();
        });
    })
    .catch(function (err) {
        console.log('settxfee error :'+ err);
        process.exit();
    });
})
.catch(function (err) {
    console.log(err);
    process.exit();
});


texts: Why do we use CLTV instead of CSV in the HTLC output of the commitment transaction?

texts: In lightning network commitment transactions, the HTLC offered/received outputs generally pay the offering node after a timeout which is scripted using CLTV. In other parts of the commitment transactions (such a to_self_delay) we use CSV to ensure it the output is unspendable until a certain time has passed. Why was CLTV chosen as the design choice for HTLC outputs?


texts: How does a node decide whether a block is valid?

texts:
I'm a software developer, and I've been trying to figure out how a node decides whether a block is valid,
I do understand the hashes in bitcoin, the merkle root, and all those aspects
but my question is:

If someone edits a block, how does the network know that "X" node modified a block? are the nodes constantly in communication sending some sort of fingerprint that changes if information gets modified (or sending the whole blockchain)?

If a node (A) detects that Block #XHeight from Node (b) is not valid, how does the network know who is right and who is not, since The block is valid for Node B but not for node A, how do they solve such argument? does the network goes into an election process, and the network decides which hash is the valid one? : how does two nodes certify that one of them is actually the valid one? is there some sort of "democracy" system where nodes vote in favor or against one specific hash in order to decide who's right between node A and Node B?

I'd like to get technical answers, since I'm trying to understand blockchain and bitcoin at a code level.


texts:
According to the Wikipedia article on Bitcoin:

  The initial bitcoin distribution is advantageous towards early-adopters. [...] However, the amount of work that must be done for one bitcoin is currently over 500,000 times more than the amount of work at which the first bitcoins were being distributed. As more people join, and also because of a reward function that halves the number of rewarded bitcoins every so many blocks, it becomes harder to generate bitcoins over time, using the same computing power.

So how is this fair? Why should someone get money just for hearing about Bitcoin before I did?


texts:
I have been thinking a lot about platforms that allow us to borrow/make money.
Such a platform would be really wonderful, mainly for people in countries such as Brazil, which has high taxes on interest.

The problem is the risk.

I read in the news about a guy that did not pay the amount he was supposed to on btcjam, which was really bad.

Leading to the question: How will we be able to have a more stable and reliable Bitcoin lending service, so that people might trust bitcoins even more?


texts: How to dump all private key from wallet.dat (walletversion > 130000)?

texts:
I tried to use pywallet and it can't dump all of the wallet's private keys.

When I send 10 transactions & decode raw transactions, I will get 10 new addresses, but I can't dump all of the private keys
without bitcoind, normally I'll get first 3 or 4 private key only.

So, how can I extract all private keys? The wallet version of 130000 has new generate key function call "Hierarchical Deterministic Key Generation".

https://bitcoin.org/en/release/v0.13.0

But I can't find a tool that support it and dump private key without bitcoind, anyone can help me?


texts: Is it wrong to spend Bitcoin from someone else's wallet if my Bitcoin client generates the same address?

texts:
I know this scenario is extremely unlikely but what-if by chance I get the same Bitcoin address as another user and the user has hundreds or thousands of Bitcoins in his wallet, is it morally/legally acceptable to spend the money from this wallet? Would you say it's considered stealing or do I now have equal ownership of the wallet just as the original owner?

My first impression was that it's the wrong thing to do. However, perhaps because Bitcoin inherently allows for this possibility (by design) one might argue that by using Bitcoin, one understand the risks associated with using Bitcoin and agrees to share the coins if such a thing did occur.

I'm interested in knowing the Bitcoin communities' take on this.


texts: Conditions for recovering a p2pkh bitcoin private key

texts:
Apart from Re-using same R value, What are the necessarily ecdsa values needed or method to recover the private key of a p2pkh address.

When same address is reused numerous times to receive bitcoin what threat does it pose?


texts: Why would a transaction take 90 minutes to get confirmed?

texts:
I'm just starting out with alt-coins, and have executed a few transactions with both bitcoin and dogecoin and they all seem to "go through" in less than a minute. I've transferred small amounts between wallets (my own) done some gambling and everything seems to transact within 2 minutes tops.

I just made a small deposit to cryptsy and it took 90 minutes to get confirmed. I'm wondering why it took so long this time. (FWIW I do have 3 wallets up right now, Bitcoin-QT, Multibit, and Dogecoin-QT, if that matters.) My network connection seems to be working normally.

My wallet indicated it was confirming (1 of 6, 2 of 6, etc.) and I've never seen that before.

Any clues, anyone?


texts: Running a command line bitcoin CPU miner on ubuntu for slush's pool

texts:
I don't intend to do this long term as I am pretty sure the cost of the power would exceed the earnings, this is more for educational purposes. What I'm looking for is a command line miner for Ubuntu. What I've tried so far is using poclbm.py

./poclbm.py -d 0 http://worker:pass@api.bitcoin.cz:8332

however this only gives me

No PyOpenCL

Not using OpenCL

Nothing to mine on, exiting

I've found several guides on how to use poclbm however they seem to be out of date. That is to say that the command line arguments don't match up with the current project. I also have pyserial installed.

To sum it all up I don't care if I use poclbm or not I'm just looking for a tool to get up and running.


texts: Why mark a transaction as RBF (Replace-by-Fee) explicitly?

texts: I could broadcast a second transaction that has the same inputs but a higher fee, without marking the original transaction as replaceable. Miners would most likely favor the second transaction and reject the original one. Why should I mark my transactions as replacable if they can always be replaced by broadcasting another conf-0 transaction?


texts: Is UTXO synonymous with leftover money in an address?

texts:
Is UTXO synonymous with leftover money in an address and the only reason UTXO is even a concept is due to security concerns of not changing an address after every transaction? Hence, your "unspent outputs" must be moved to x address.

Or am I missing something completely?

I read that you might have $10 balance in an address but your UTXOs might be $2 and $8 in the same address. How does this affect execution of a transaction on the blockchain?

Can somebody please shed some light on the difference between UTXOs and current address balance?

Thank-you!


texts: What's the sense of how lightning network is performing?

texts: I realize that we are still very early in the deployment of Lightning network, but is there a sense of how things have been performing thus far? Is this the solution which BTC has been waiting for? I'm hoping to get a sense from anyone who is well knowledgeable about the project's development.


texts: How it is possible to wrap with BitcoinJ a Bitcoin Core RPC interface and drives regtest mode

texts:
Despite the fact that I have already create an address in regtest network which has Bitcoins I can not import correctly this address to my BitcoinJ app in order to execute certain functions(OP_CODE tx, send tx.. etc).

Is this possible?

Here is my code:

//create my ECKey
    DumpedPrivateKey dumpPrKey=new DumpedPrivateKey(params,"My private key");
    ECKey ecKey =dumpPrKey.getKey();
    wallet.importKey(ecKey);
    bitcoinAddress = ecKey.toAddress(params).toString();
    System.out.println("My bitcoin address is : " +bitcoinAddress); // the regtest address
    System.out.println("My bitcoin balance is: " +wallet.getBalance()); //the balance

In both cases the address is the correct one but:

In Regtest network I have x bitcoins
In BitcoinJ app I have 0 bitcoins


texts: Increase maximum number of outgoing connections for full node

texts:
If incoming connections are disabled, Max full-relay connections are 8: src/net.h#L64 and Max block-relay-only connections are 2: src/net.h#L68
How are these decided and how can a user change these values?
Its mentioned in doc/reduce-memory.md that each connection takes up some memory. What if the user is okay with it?
Will changing MAX_OUTBOUND_FULL_RELAY_CONNECTIONS to 32 or above help in faster sync? Or dbcache and par are the only options to improve sync?
I tried changing it to 40 but extra nodes keep disconnecting. I see this line in the logs src/net_processing.cpp#L4581 and not sure if its related to DoS protection or something else.

Update 1: I commented the if statement here: src/net_processing.cpp#L4577 Compiled successfully and tests passed. I could see more than 15 peers connected but sync almost paused after few minutes and nothing happened. Couldn't find anything useful in logs.


texts:
This is my first time to try to run bitcoin miner on my laptop (for testing), I used bfgminer and was able to run it however I'm not sure if its going anywhere:

 CPU 0:       |  1.27/ 1.28/ 0.00Mh/s | A:0 R:0+0(none) HW:0/none
 CPU 1:       |  1.16/ 1.27/ 0.00Mh/s | A:0 R:0+0(none) HW:0/none
 CPU 2:       |  0.94/ 1.18/ 0.00Mh/s | A:0 R:0+0(none) HW:0/none
 CPU 3:       |  1.16/ 1.20/ 0.00Mh/s | A:0 R:0+0(none) HW:0/none

What does this mean, my miner is not processing or mining as I can see its 0.00Mh/s?


texts: How to Curl into Bitcoin node with Swift?

texts:
I am running a full node which accepts incoming connections.

Here is my config file:

rpcuser=bitcoinrpc
rpcpassword=somePassword
server=1
rest=1
daemon=1

Here is my swift code to curl to the node:

let url = URL(string: "http://bitcoinrpc:somePassword@192.168.1.8:8333")
    var request = URLRequest(url: url!)
    request.setValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
    request.httpMethod = "GET"
    request.httpBody = "{\"jsonrpc\":\"1.0\",\"id\":\"curltext\",\"method\":\"getinfo\",\"params\":[]}".data(using: .utf8)

        let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { (data, response, error) -> Void in

            do {

                if error != nil {

                    print(error)

                } else {

                    if let urlContent = data {

                        do {

                            let jsonAddressResult = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: urlContent, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions.mutableLeaves) as! NSDictionary

                            print("jsonAddressResult = \(jsonAddressResult)")

                        } catch {

                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

    task.resume()

}

I am using port 8333 and the static IP I set is 192.168.1.8

I get the following error when executing the code:

2018-08-02 12:04:53.659293+0800 BitSense[5596:568091] Task <47A80E16-F0FE-4508-9C5D-3EFDD82B55FB>.<1> HTTP load failed (error code: -1005 [4:-4])
2018-08-02 12:04:53.660223+0800 BitSense[5596:568092] Task <47A80E16-F0FE-4508-9C5D-3EFDD82B55FB>.<1> finished with error - code: -1005
Optional(Error Domain=NSURLErrorDomain Code=-1005 "The network connection was lost." UserInfo={NSUnderlyingError=0x600000244650 {Error Domain=kCFErrorDomainCFNetwork Code=-1005 "(null)" UserInfo={NSErrorPeerAddressKey=<CFData 0x600000280460 [0x107f6ac80]>{length = 16, capacity = 16, bytes = 0x1002208dc0a801080000000000000000}, _kCFStreamErrorCodeKey=-4, _kCFStreamErrorDomainKey=4}}, NSErrorFailingURLStringKey=http://bitcoinrpc:5bKc4zYHX6qvB9HjKK89Ms2h@192.168.1.8:8333/, NSErrorFailingURLKey=http://bitcoinrpc:5bKc4zYHX6qvB9HjKK89Ms2h@192.168.1.8:8333/, _kCFStreamErrorDomainKey=4, _kCFStreamErrorCodeKey=-4, NSLocalizedDescription=The network connection was lost.})enter preformatted text here


texts: Is it possible for corporate interests to incentivize securing alternate Blockchains instead of Bitcoin's Blockchain?

texts:
Is it possible for corporate interests to incentivize securing POW of alternate blockchains instead of Bitcoin's blockchain?

Given the large amount of funding and/or "partnerships" announced the last month or so where established companies like Paypal and Klarna are getting into bed with Bitcoin.

I ask this because companies like Blockchain.info are getting significant "Blockchain development" funding and it would appear this is an investment in the blockchain itself:

Blockchain president Peter Smith said:

  “The company has grown exponentially in every way over the last 18 months. We are honoured to add investors and partners to the team with deep expertise in
  financial services and consumer technology.”

Also from Scott Ellison (PayPal senior director of corporate strategy):

  “We’re proceeding gradually, supporting bitcoin in some ways today and holding off on other ways until we see how things develop.”

Is it plausible/possible for corporate interests to divert miners/investors from Bitcoin's blockchain to another blockchain with better rates of return (perhaps just initially) on investment?

EDIT discussion on this over at /r/bitcoinserious


texts: Will there be a point in the future where moving bitcoins to a new address will make them safer?

texts:
OP_SCHNORRCHECKSIG:
Exploring Schnorr Signatures as an
Alternative to ECDSA for Bitcoin

I've noticed (e.g., the above article) that newer forms of encryption are being researched and developed for use in bitcoin. Is it possible that moving bitcoins to a new address using new encryption will make those stored bitcoins less likely to be lost than keeping them where they currently are?


texts: How to resolve Bitcoin Daemon Warning of last 100 blocks have unexpected version message?

texts:
When I run my bitcoin daemon on ubuntu I get the follow warning message. How do I resolve this? And I just pruned my blockchain to 5gb if that affects anything.

  progress=1.000000 cache=40.4MiB(273342txo) warning='52 of last 100
  blocks have unexpected version'


texts: How do you set the price of a new Coin at the beginning?

texts:
When starting a new coin, how do you know what to set the initial value of the coin?

Can you set it at something like 1.00 if not listed on a exchange?

The people of this coin will only be trading it for a year before they start to sell it at market value.

Just need to know how to put an initial value for the coin


texts: I have been listening about bitcoin from my colleagues and they convinced me to investment into bitcoin. They also suggest me couple of websites to start with. I have started with one of them and invest $150 bit seems no profit from them. Can you guys please suggest the sites or the people to with I can start my investment. Also need some guideline about how that works, sell and buy, how and when and all that primary stuff.


texts:
Why this ugly looking formula to calculate 'target' from 'nBits' in block header:  target = coefficient * 256**(exponent-3).

Why not? :  target = coefficient * 256**(exponent). What is the need of subtracting 3. All we need is to be able to generate 256 bit long number and enough precision (which we already have with 3 bytes dedicated for coefficient)

Even better, why not? : target = coefficient * 2**(exponent)


texts:
When we talk about OHLCV bars for say LTC-BTC, what does volume mean ?

Is it the quantity of LTC transacted during the bar or the quantity of BTC transacted during the bar?


texts: Bitcoin full node running on Synology not visible to network

texts:
Last week I bought a Synology (918+) and starting running a Bitcoin full node (https://hub.docker.com/r/kylemanna/bitcoind).

To check whether the Bitcoin node can be found by the network, I checked on bitnodes.io with my external ip. Unfortunately my Bitcoin node is not reachable. I have forwarded ports 8333 - 8334 on my router. Checking whether port is open on canyouseeme.org, it gives as reason 'Connection refused'.

Another thing which confuses me is the following: if I check the logs, it gives the following (snapshot):

2020-05-14T11:01:13Z UpdateTip: new best=00000000000009b091d2696ccfceae650b7f7a4fd8a9fd1893598647b9a886b4 height=1744386 version=0x20000000 log2_work=72.438235 tx=56041013 date='2020-05-14T11:00:46Z' progress=1.000000 cache=3.7MiB(28196txo) warning='22 of last 100 blocks have unexpected version'
2020-05-14T11:03:14Z UpdateTip: new best=00000000000006d99735a74bae0c3bba509d56af9f8a01595099533c9bc34e6c height=1744387 version=0x20000000 log2_work=72.438236 tx=56041054 date='2020-05-14T11:03:13Z' progress=1.000000 cache=3.7MiB(28220txo) warning='22 of last 100 blocks have unexpected version'

What my understanding is that height is the block height. How can this be height=1744387 when we're currently around block height 630335? What am I missing here?

Please note that I am both new to running a NAS and a Bitcoin full node, so any help is appreciated!


texts: Running full node ( bitcoind ) without private key

texts:
I want to run full Bitcoin node ( via bitcoind ) in a "secured listen-only" fashion, ie if anybody gets access to the server he gets nothing.

At the same time I want to be able to execute RPC calls such as:
- listtransactions  ( to get transactions for my specific wallet )
- gettransaction

Is it possible? If yes, how to achieve this?
No sending should be possible from my wallet, of course.

I assume that using a key -disablewallet won't allow me to use listtransactions rpc call.

Thanks


texts: Bitcoin Server won't connect, timeout error

texts:
I am trying to run/sync bitcoind -server for the first time on linux and it is not connecting

end of Debug log gives me this...

new
Added 14 addresses from ::: 0 tried, 91 new
93 addresses found from DNS seeds
dnsseed thread exit
trying connection 69.64.34.118:8333 lastseen=117.2hrs
connection timeout
trying connection 10.0.0.2:8333 lastseen=354419.7hrs
connect() failed after select(): Connection refused
connection timeout
trying connection 62.245.238.146:8333 lastseen=96.2hrs
connection timeout

Does anyone have any suggestions. Is it perhaps a server firewall issue?


texts: What is the format of the value of a transaction in the litecoin ledger

texts:
Feeling a little silly here, I can decode the entire rest of the data in the blockchain, but the "value" field of a transaction output makes no sense.

[0,-14,5,42,1,0,0,0]

This decodes to "50.00000000" but I can't see how.

The remainder of the block decodes correctly, so I am fairly sure I'm looking at the right data. It doesnt seem to be in the same format as the bitcoin value (/10^8)


texts: How do I interpret Mt Gox market depth streaming data?

texts:
You can get streaming market depth data form Mt Gox as described here: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/MtGox/API/Streaming#Depth.

I understand what market depth is but how do I interpret this data?

An edited example of a JSON market depth response at the above link is:

{
    "currency":"USD",
    "item":"BTC",
    "now":"1323644358437819",
    "price":"14.43",
    "total_volume_int":"849766000",
    "type_str":"ask",
    "volume":"-2.71",
}

What does volume, total_volume_int and price relate to? What insight do I get from this?

I understand the market depth charts at http://bitcoincharts.com/markets/mtgoxUSD.html but how does the above JSON data relate to them?


texts: Are the outputs of an unconfirmed transaction part of the global UTXO pool?

texts: Well basically that. If a transaction is in the memory pool, that is, it is not yet in a block but nodes and miners know about it and validated it, Can I send another transaction that double-spends the outputs? that is, are the outputs considered unspent?


texts:
I have the 32-bytes double hash of a transaction, a 32-bytes private key, and I would like to sign the hash using the private key.

How do I do that using BouncyCastle (or anything, really), in C# or Java? Can somebody point me to a code sample?


texts: What are the most secure-yet-convenient ways of creating a wallet, that require just remembering a password?

texts:
A friend just asked me "where are the 11 BTC I bought from you half a year ago? ... I don't remember where I put them." He formatted his computer a few months ago, and the money is probably lost (all of your BTCs just got 5.2E-7 more valuable).

I'd like to recommend an easy to use wallet with the following requirements:

You only have to remember a password/passphrase to access all your BTC. Bonus: transaction history as well.
It's super secure. I mean, I'd like 2-factor authentication, and keys should not be stored on the server (maybe only half a key). Let's assume the client computer is Trojan infected as well.
No ID/bloodwork/whatever is needed to use it (I don't know what Mt. Gox requires of "verified" users nowadays).
It is developed by a relatively trusted company/people. Trust is subjective, but still you can provide concrete evidence of why company X is "more trusted by the community" than company Y.
I'd prefer a no-install browser based wallet, but not if it conflicts with any of the above requirements.

Are there wallets that comply with most/all of these requirements?


texts: What distinguishes a miner from another?

texts:
So I've been recently studying about Bitcoin and had few questions:

1) What distinguishes a miner from another miner? Is there any proof that two miners are not the same person?

2) What can we say are the transactions accepted by a miner? Is it all transactions in the blocks after itself, that have been added to the miner's blockchain branch?

3) In any case, what's the proof that a transaction has been accepted by any miner?

Thanks!


texts:
I'm new here and the reason is that I believe I became a victim of a
scam. And hopefully, you may guide me to get out of this shitty situation or at least help me expose the scammers.

I've been stupid and got into contact with a guy called Glen Morley through telegram who supposedly has a very high accuracy signal rate on bitcoin trading, which he did actually, assuming that the exchange had genuine charts. We made a deal to split the profit 80/20. He didn't ask for any private info or whatsoever. He directed me to open up an account on bitfami.com

After the first day, I was almost sure that it was a scam. When I tried to withdraw the next day, the exchange told me that I'm not allowed to withdraw because my account was new and I have to wait for 4 business days to do so. It appeared during that conversation that they are also charging a 15% tax if your profit exceeds 20k USD. I've been also encouraged to continue trading in the meantime and they couldn't give a reasonable explanation of why to do so. When I asked why they have such rules nowhere to be found on their site, they became mute.

As I wasn't allowed to withdraw, I decided to go on to see the outcome of this story assuming that I've most probably lost my initial investment. Glen sent me signals to trade and I ended up with 5,9 btc from 0,25 btc in a week, just by 5 trades a day. In the meantime, I kept on thinking about possible scenarios but couldn't make much sense of the situation.

After a week, today, I made my last trade today to figure out the whole setup. It appeared that the 15% tax of the total profit made that they were mentioning was supposed to be deposited in order to withdraw which is something they don't mention. It's not even written anywhere on their site. In my case, it's around 6,400$. I don't have that money. Even if I had there's no way I'll deposit again to a shady exchange that comes up with last-minute surprises. When I told Glen about this, he encouraged me to pay it by getting a loan! I believe that the guy so-called Glen and this exchange are operating together. At first to convince people to deposit, then to make them believe they're making fast profits and at the end to make them deposit ridiculous amounts to withdraw which would probably never happen.

Sorry for taking your time with this but I feel like it is my duty to spread the news and ask for guidance if possible.

I have screenshots of every conversation I had with the exchange support and with Glen in case it would help.

Any help is appreciated, thanks in advance.


texts: Is bitcoinica.com planning to reopen after the 11th May 2012 theft?

texts:
On 11th May, 2012, 18,547 BTC were reported stolen from bitcoinica.com as stated here: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=81045.0

The bitcoinica.com website is unresponsive at the time of writing this. Are they planning to reopen? Have they stated whether their users' deposits will be refunded? If yes to either of those question, have they give a timeframe?


texts: Bitcoind has too slow API call performance on large wallets

texts:
Bitcoind (bitcoin-0.11.2, linux32) has too slow performance when the wallet size gets bigger, i will post here some average timing behaviors.
The wallet size is 410MB.

A getbalance call requires 1.45 s in average
A sendfrom call requires 5.46 s in average
A gettransaction call requires 0.595 s in average
A getaccountaddress call requires 0.634 s in average
A move call requires 0.33 s in average

To speed up these calls i have already put the wallet into ram-fs. But its too slow again. Is there a chance that those calls will speed up with upcoming bitcoind versions?


texts: Can I write my own pool software by using bitcoin API?

texts:
Theoretically speaking, if I know programming (C,C++,C# etc.) can I write my own mining pool software/server using only Bitcoin API or I need more information than that?

https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Original_Bitcoin_client/API_calls_list


texts: Receiving payments in Bitcoin for RESTful API calls

texts:
I'm familiar with different options to receive payments in Bitcoin (Blockchain.info, BitPay, Coinbase, Stripe). But how would one devise a solution to have users pay whenever they call some RESTful API endpoints? First thing that came up my mind is the following:

Have user send some initial amount in Bitcoin when they register for API usage on website via solutions mentioned above integrated on website.
Then just deduct from their state of Bitcoin for each API call they make.

But is maybe there a solution/standard, where someone wouldn't have to make an account to first transfer Bitcoin and could somehow specify in API call how many Bitcoins to transfer? When I think about it logically, this doesn't seem to be possible as you can't couple together a transfer request with API call, I mean how would you even authorize payment from your personal wallet to the specified address and how much to transfer?


texts:
So im trying to hash a header in C++ and I am having some trouble.
I have tried different libraries (cryptopp, openssl) cant seem to hash the header correctly.
This is the block which I am testing: https://www.blockchain.com/btc/block/669892
header.version = 1073676288; // 3ff0000
header.previous_block = "000000000000000000069237bbafea14ba06f7bdc5e192aa38875ca3fc0d0cd9";
header.tx_merkle_root = "b0a2b9b8a0063e5b6818a8725ac567977805c77b6bba11f03a0c33a0cdd866ad";
header.timestamp = 1612900436; // 6022e854
header.bits = "170d21b9";
header.nonce = 2792790281; // a6769909

I have a class/function which will format them into a hex string, which i get as: 0000ff3fd90c0dfca35c8738aa92e1c5bdf706ba14eaafbb379206000000000000000000ad66d8cda0330c3af011ba6b7bc705789767c55a72a818685b3e06a0b8b9a2b054e82260b9210d17099976a6
And the expected final hash of 000000000000000000064ec839564cc03166184f0a404d82cad9c655f714d886
I then use this hash function, and similar to get the final computed hash SHA256(SHA256(blockheader))
static std::string SHA256(std::string data, int size)
{
  // convert hex string to char
  unsigned char tmp;
  Crypto::hexStringToCharBinary(&tmp, &data, size);

  unsigned char hash[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH];
  SHA256_CTX sha256;
  SHA256_Init(&sha256);
  SHA256_Update(&sha256, &tmp, size);
  SHA256_Final(hash, &sha256);
  std::stringstream ss;
  for(int i = 0; i < SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH; i++)
  {
      ss << std::hex << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0') << (int)hash[i];
  }
  std::cout << "digest: " << ss.str() << std::endl;
  return ss.str();
}

I know that I am supposed to give the sha256 the bits and not the string of hex, because it works on a bit basis, but I dont know how to do that. I am not the best at byte manipulation in C++, or hashing,
does anyone know how to do this nice and easy, if thats possible?


texts: MultiBit with multiple addresses to Electrum

texts:
I have an old MultiBit Classic wallet, where I have received some BTC to two addresses (same wallet). When I import the private key from MultiBit (seems it's the compressed variant) to Electrum desktop, Electrum imports it correctly, but shows only transactions and balance from the first address. Transactions received by the second address (which happened years later) are not shown and I can't import the second address into Electrum, because the wallet is non-deterministic.
I would like to simply send all the money from MultiBit to a new Electrum wallet, but the old MultiBit has trouble synchronising with network.
Please help - how to move all the BTC associated with my private key to a new Electrum wallet?


texts: Which impacts has openssl's end of life [2019-12-31 (LTS)]

texts:
What will happen after openssl 1.0.2 reaches end of life - 2019-12-31 (LTS) (Source: https://www.openssl.org/policies/releasestrat.html)

I remember discussion about it. Openssl does not need to be updated to 1.1.0 and it is not a security threat as not all openssl features are used and there is no security threat by using pre 1.1.0 versions.

Is it now decided that bitcoin will keep using unsupported openssl version after 1.0.2 reaches its end of-life, did something change regarding this question?

If it will be updated, is there arleady a milestone set or anything else where I could look up?


texts: OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY generates non standard transaction


texts:
I read the api documentation but I could not find anythin related to market buy and sell commands. Where do I find this information?

Moreover, I read the following from the api site

https://bittrex.com/api/v1.1/market/selllimit?apikey=API_KEY&market=BTC-LTC&quantity=1.2&rate=1.3

My understand of this statement is that I use my 1.2 Bitcoin to buy 1.3X1.2 Litecoin. Is this correct?

If I want to use my Litecoin to buy Bitcoin, do I need to change the market from BTC-LTC to LTC-BTC??


texts: Can bitcoin be used for instant payment?

texts: As transactions have to be confirmed, does it imply bitcoin cannot used for instant payment?


texts: How do developing countries begin to adopt bitcoin?

texts:
If you're in, for example Congo, or Ecuador (or any other developing country) how do people there begin to adopt bitcoin? I mean the very first people, obviously things are easier once a, even small, group of people are using it in a given country.
The problem I see here, is why would you (say as the owner of bitcoin) want a high risk currency, in exchange for bitcoin? So:

1 Who can you give bitcoin to in these countries?

2 Why would you(or any seller of bitcoin to the local currency) be willing to accept such an insecure local currency?


texts: What are the relevant hardware-mining options as of 13 May, and and how should one choose one over another?

texts:
After reading on the topic of bitcoin for the past few hours I've heard a few terms again and again: mining with the CPU (pointless as of today), GPU mining (lots of people doing this), and then ASIC, and FPGA (field-programmable gate array).

With just a few hours experience in this, and although I've obviously seen the wiki's here and there which compare this hardware to that, the answer to this question could take into account some real-world factors, especially concerning the availability of the ASIC units (which are said to be much more efficient). E.g., there's talk of one particular one shipping, yet orders aren't being filled, doubts as to if they ever will be, etc.

So with that, an ASIC might be worth less consideration than another setup. The answer I'm looking addresses these different types of hardware (excluding CPU which we know are worthless) and which one might be right for someone who wants to join in on bitcoin hobby-wise, and eventually break even in terms of investment (within say, a year). This is only considering hardware and not pools, which I'm aware of.


texts: What is the role of miners in Blockchain?

texts:
What is the need of validating and authorizing a BTC transaction.
Say, for eg, A have 5 BTC in its wallet and he wants to send 3 BTC to B. What is the need to validate such a transaction?
And in case A wants to send 7 BTC to B, he simply cannot because he doesnt have the sufficient balance.
What is the need to validate then.
Why cant it be possible that the transactions are automatically added as a next block on the blockcahin on all the nodes?


texts: Where can i find proof of work in Electrum(light weight bitcoin) source code?

texts: Hi does anyone knows where can i find electrum's proof of work in the source? https://github.com/spesmilo/electrum


texts:
Just starting to learn bitcoin scripting. Can someone explain how to pay out based on some real-life event?
I currently test from the command line with bitcoind -regtest


texts: Do parties in a Lightning Network channel need to be online?

texts:
I'm thinking of a scenario where users on mobile devices using a LN client will rarely be online.

Let's say Alice opens a channel with Bob and they make 10 LN transactions. After Alice has received the 10th, she goes offline for longer than the channel's lifetime.

So if the channel was setup to last for 3 days, she'll be offline for say, 5 days.

My question is, when Alice comes back online, how does she know whether Bob commited to the blockchain the 10th and not an earlier transaction (which is in favor of Bob).

I understand that if Alice was online she could check this behavior herself, and readily commit the 10th to get her money. But the key point here is that she's offline longer than the channel's lifetime.

Is there a solution to this in LN? Because frankly, most users will not have a node that is online 24/7. And also, I don't want to trust a third-party to commit the 10th transaction at the right time -- what if they don't? Who's to say they will also act honestly and not commit an earlier transaction from the channel?


texts: Why does Blockchain.info's My Wallet tx volume seem to exceed to total bitcoin network volume?

texts:
I was looking at Blockchain.info's tx volume (in BTC) over the previous year. It goes from about 100k to 400k BTC per day with a peak of over 850k BTC around November.
https://blockchain.info/charts/my-wallet-transaction-volume

However, if you look at their graph of the total bitcoin network tx volume over a similar time perdiod, it goes from 100k to 300k without similar peaks.
https://blockchain.info/charts/estimated-transaction-volume

This makes it seem like they are doing more volume than the entire network.  Is this is a bug, or are they counting something differently (like maybe a send between two wallets is counted twice)?  Thanks.


texts: What client-side checks does blockchain's android client do?

texts:
Blockchain just came out with a great Android client, based on bitcoin-wallet.

In the description it says "No blockchain downlaod [sic.]". However, in the documentation of their sources, they say "When run for the first time, the block chain needs to be downloaded".

I'd be optimistic and guess they download all headers, and fully check the transactions regarding the local wallet, ignoring the unrelated transactions. However this is just a guess and I'd like to know which checks does it actually do client side, and how much does it instead "just trust" blockchain.info (which is very reputable anyway, but still I'd rather know).


texts: How can I download a single Bitcoin block?

texts:
I just started studying bitcoin.
I would like to be able to download a single block from the Bitcoin network.
I referred to the following:
https://blockchain.info/rawblock/0000000000000000000212f7c098effbb7d814b481ead2b315f605371e47bae1?format=hex
But, it's not the size of the block I know (like 1MB).
How can I get one?


texts:
How do I get the Bitmain U3 running on Linux?

I'm using Ubuntu Server 11.

I have downloaded the bitmain branch of cgminer and compiled it to using CFLAGS="-O2 -Wall -march=native" ./configure --enable-bmsc

I have also downlaoded the official 4.9.0 and used CFLAGS="-O2 -Wall -march=native" ./configure --enable-icarus` as described in the text for U3

I do a lsusb and it shows this:

cgminer just does this

Is there anything that I missed? I read that its supposed to pick up the U3 automatically with default settings, then I can over clock it a bit to get the 63ghs stable.


texts: Send a transaction using bitcoinjs-lib to testnet in a box

texts:
I put together some code using bitcoinjs-lib which allows me to create a testnet transaction and send some bitcoins from one address to another.

But I'm getting tired of waiting for 10 mins after every test. I'd like to be able to test my code a bit faster.

I set up testnet-in-a-box in a virtual machine and have played around with a few commands and it works fine.

But when I try to send a transaction to one of the nodes at 127.0.0.1:19000 it gives me an error saying:

{ [Error: socket hang up] code: 'ECONNRESET' }

I'm broadcasting the transaction as shown here using:

blockchain.t.transactions.propagate(tx.build().toHex(), done)

What am I doing wrong? Is it not possible to submit transactions to the node in testnet-in-a-box?

Any help will be appreciated! Thanks!


texts: I have a question. Can the price change if your transaction remain unconfirmed for a couple of hrs

texts: I had to make a payment with bitcion to a wallet with specific amt. I made exact payment, but price bitcoin was going up. But my transaction was still unconfirmed till the evening. They rejected my payment bc the payment was a $3 more when they confirmed it.Can the price change if your transaction remain unconfirmed for a couple of hrs. It


texts: Is Quickbitcoins.net gone with all money?

texts: Site is down, google finds no new address. Can find nothingness on bitcoin forums, but Gregor not brightest crayon, perhaps doesn't know how to search.


texts: how to differentiate bitcoin-cli command when have testnet & mainnet both running

texts:
I have bitcoin testnet3, mainnet, regtest both running in the same server, I can interactive with them by curl, because the ports are different, but when comes to bitcoin-cli how can I specific the network I want interactive with?

I get below error:

$ bitcoin-cli -regtest setgenerate true 101  # I want use regtest
Error: Invalid combination of -regtest and -testnet.


texts: There are suggestions that blockchains concept can go beyond crypto currency such as votings etc.  My question is that in those cases how could a “proof of work” is enforced? I guess adding any new blocks to the chains always require various kind of “independent” check. Without any incentives how could pow be done fairly?


texts: Dynamic coinbase as incentive to fill blocks

texts:
Miners do not currently have a monetary incentive to fill up blocks with transactions (tx fees are negligible compared to the coinbase tx). Those miners that do fill up the blocks may do so with the long-term interests of the network in mind.

It seems clear to me that making the coinbase amount a function of the relative size of the block would result in a much better incentive. I cannot see any obvious drawbacks with it.

A simple formula would be: actual_coinbase = coinbase * (actual_block_size/MAX_BLOCK_SIZE)

For example: actual_coinbase = 25BTC * (512KB/1024KB) = 12.5BTC

Of course the actual implementation would have to take into account consensus issues (rounding, corner cases, etc), but it should be possible.

Why would this not work?


texts: Is there software or a service to let you manage multiple crypto currency exchanges from one interface?

texts: There are so many cryptocurrency exchange sites (binance, bittrex, kucoin, poloniex, etc...) these days. Is there a software or service that taps into the API call of all these exchanges to be able to manage trades, deposits, and withdraws from one interface?


texts: What benefit or incentive is there for someone to run their own ripple client or ripple server?

texts: What incentive is there for someone to run their own Ripple client/server in order to make it an actual decentralized system? With Bitcoin, you can mine to generate new bitcoins and collect transaction fees. Is there a Ripple equivalent?


texts: What would happen if you send bitcoins to a non-existent Bitcoin address?

texts: If one were to send bitcoins to an address that has not been created yet, what would happen? Would the coins be lost forever? Would they just sit there until the address and key pair are generated?


texts: How was 59 days determined with 1 TH/sec from "Mastering Bitcoin"

texts:
In Mastering Bitcoin in the section on Difficulty Bits Andreas notes:

  This means that a valid block for height 277,316 is one that has a block header hash that is less than the target. In binary that number would have more than the first 60 bits set to zero. With this level of difficulty, a single miner processing 1 trillion hashes per second (1 tera-hash per second or 1 TH/sec) would only find a solution once every 8,496 blocks or once every 59 days, on average.

How was 59 days calculated?

2^60 (1.15 x 10^18) would be the number of possible values to cycle through and 1 TH/s = 1 x 10^12 attempts every second but what am I missing?


texts: How was the dust limit of 546 satoshis was chosen? Why not 550 satoshis?

texts: Is there a reason why 546 satoshis was chosen as dust limit instead of 547 or even 550 satoshis, historically?


texts:
I have written following script to get Vin address from Vin txids.

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import requests,json
url="http://asd:asdf@localhost:2332"
payload={}
payload = {"jsonrpc":1,"id":"curltext"}
 txid= "10ff6ff5bdc73d7bb6d711c6896618a05479d061e67f576a0950328c1389035f"
addresses = []

payload["method"]="getrawtransaction"
payload["params"]=[txid,1]
response = requests.post(url,json.dumps(payload))
response =response.json()
response= response["result"]["vin"]

for data in response:
    raw_tx1=data["txid"]
    vout_int=data["vout"]
    payload["params"]=[raw_tx1,1]
    response_ = requests.post(url,json.dumps(payload))
    response_= response_.json()
    data_ =response_["result"]["vout"]
    for item in data_:
        if item["n"] == vout_int:
            json_data ={}
            json_data[item["scriptPubKey"]["addresses"][0]] = item["value"]
            addresses.append(json_data)

print addresses

for some txids i get proper o/p for example:

[{u'MKHWXiX9Xm37jdCM8EzWMWNRJPhuwUxWiN': 50.0},{u'MVTpa2h3DGFWxkcmEkYLv4cYGggVprjjDZ': 300.0}]

but for other its says

    response= response["result"]["vin"]
TypeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute '__getitem__'

Why is it behaving like this? Isnt it supposed to have uniform output irrespective of txids? If my approach is wrong then how was i getting correct for some tx ids again?


texts: How do I build and review a Bitcoin Core GUI pull request?

texts:
I am a designer and I would like to start reviewing pull requests (PRs) in the Bitcoin Core GUI repository.
How do I build the adjusted Bitcoin Core GUI in the pull request? I am used to just double clicking on an application icon to open the GUI.


texts: Asking the Bitcoin node whether a specific wallet is being rescanned

texts:
Is there a way to ask the Bitcoin node whether a specific wallet is currently being rescanned (by specifying its name/ID)?
Thanks in advance!


texts: getreceivedbyaddress without knowing the private key

texts:
Not considering any external services, is there any way (opensource implementation) that would keep up with the blockchain and expose an API with the same functionality as the original getreceivedbyaddress method in bitcoind?

To emphasize, I need the API to return the sum of coins ever received on that address, NOT a current balance. Preferably, this would work without the need of registering/importing that address in advance (so the system should auto-index all addresses spotted in the blockchain).

There's an old (0.8+) fork of bitcoind (https://github.com/TOCICI/bitcoin) that adds importaddress RPC call, which is the best I could find so far (even though it's not optimal since it requires the addresses to be imported first).

Also, there's a continuing discussion going on about watch-only wallets, but I'm afraid (correct me if I'm wrong) this will only provide address balance, not the total amount ever sent.

I've also considered using Electrum server for this, but was only able to see that one can get a current balance of an address.

Any ideas?


texts: Transaction verification by miner VS full node with & without SegWit

texts:
I'm trying to fill a few gaps in my understanding of transaction verification and would appreciate any insight.

Without SegWit

Miners broadcast new blocks which contain the signature(s) with every transaction.
Miners can choose to decide whether or not to verify every transaction in the block. They're incentivized to verify every transaction because otherwise the block may be invalid and they would lose their reward.
Full nodes store all the blockchain data and can optionally verify the transactions as well.

Q1: Do full nodes have any incentive to validate transactions they're not directly benefiting from? How often do full nodes actually validate transactions?

With SegWit

Miners broadcast new blocks which may or may not contain the witness.
As before, miners are incentivized to validate the transaction but are also incentivized to omit the witness when broadcasting new blocks to minimize bandwidth.
Full nodes may or may not store the witness data as part of the full blockchain.

Q2: If a full node wanted to validate a transaction but the miner didn't broadcast the witness as part of the new block, who would the full node request the signature from? As far as I understand, there are plans to do witness "pruning" in the long-term to minimize the size of the full blockchain, but what enforces keeping the signatures around in the short-term?


texts: How to build escrow feature in my website like paxful.com

texts:
i am building an exchange bitcoin website,but i want to know how to make the website a 3rd party between buyer and a seller to be an escrow like paxful.com

any ideas about an API or a service that could be included in a website ?


texts: Regarding Mnemonic Code words and salt key

texts:
My aim is to make a hardware wallet.

I was studying HD wallet generation (BIP 39) and have figured out how things work under the hood, except one thing.

At high level :

  Mnemonic code (128bit or 256 bit) + Salt('mnemonic'+passphrase)
  -----do PBDKF2 (2048 rounds)---> 512 bit seed

Users are requested to back up their mnemonic code. If I am on a Hardware wallet like ledger nano, the passphrase above serves as my password.

  Different passphrase creates different seed.

Now if i want to open the same wallet from anywhere else, theoretically i can do so just from the Mnemonic code(12 or 24 words).

My doubt is will the passphrase have no use if wallet is being opened from third party clients like Greenwallet, greenbitz, breadwallet etc?

To rephrase : How is passphrase consumed by third party wallets if I have generated an account on ledger?


texts: Online Store in Cheyenne, Wyoming Accepting Bitcoin for Payment

texts: Can an online store located in Cheyenne, Wyoming accept bitcoin as payment for goods from customers in either Wyoming, or other states or countries, without collecting every customers Social Security Number, or other KYC and AML type identifying information, without the possibility of being prosecuted for money laundering by either Wyoming or the US Federal Government?


texts: How the Bitcoin community will handle attacks on a Client's code?

texts:
I have some thoughts about the following scenario.

The brightest future.

The Bitcoin becomes a very popular and liquid currency all over the world. Some serious financial or political parties may become unhappy with this fact - they may have no influence on an Internet or may be unable to publish new laws. Since the major support of the Bitcoin infrastructure comes from the logic of its official client. And the easiest way to shutdown the network, as I can see, is to compromise the client itself. Someone may:

Buy the Github at once and quickly release new malformed version of the official Bitcoin client.
Bribe one of the trusted developers to sabotage the client code.
etc.

It doesn't seem so impossible, if someone with a big money would really want to stop the Bitcoin, even if everybody else will like it.

The question is

Is it possible to technically shutdown the whole Bitcoin network - with reasonable efforts and abilities to replace official client?
Are there any Central Trusted Authorities, that may verify any arbitrary client out there for it's correctness about the Bitcoin Protocol and, thus, prevent my scenario?

Note: I don't mean the situation, when someone will accidentally place an untrusted line in the client's code, and this fact will be overplayed to weaken the trust in the Bitcoin. I mean the situation, when the compromised client will irreversibly destroy all the system - leaving no viable ways to recover it.


texts: How do I open an Armory .wallet file in the MultiBit Client?

texts: Sorry, I'm incredibly new to this whole thing.  I started off using the Armory Client for my Bitcoin wallet then was suggested to try "MultiBit".  I've saved my .wallet file from Armory, however cannot open it in MultiBit.  Is this normal?  How does one use the same wallet?  Stick to one bitcoin client?  I also don't see the option to load a wallet on the original bitcoin client.  Is it just easier to setup a wallet with a service like blockchain?


texts: Why there is a huge amount of difference in price for the same coin at same time?

texts:
Well, I am new to this world and trying to understand things. The main thing where I got stuck is, I realise that the same currency has different values in different places.

And in here for Ripple in India[![][2]][2]

And for bitcoins Premier Bitcoin Exchange in India

I just want to understand why such discrepancy. Any type of guide will be welcomed.

Thanks in advance

FYI : I live in India


texts: How does transaction confirmation work in bitcoin-qt? I suppose, client does not have addresses index with balance on each of them (because there is not such console/bitcoind commands). Looking through all of the blocks - it is too slow.


texts: How can I know that a full node has finished the initial synchronization process?

texts:
I run a full bitcoin node. I launched it several days ago and it has consumed around 300 GB of traffic already which implies that it is about to finish the initial syncronization process.
Except for that implicit sign, is there a more reliable and concrete way of determinining whether or not a full node has finished the initial syncronization process? Is there a special RPC API call that would return "true" for that?


texts: How does the p2p network monitor the validity of a transaction?

texts:
In Bitcoin, in order for a transaction to be added to the pool of valid transactions that will be added to the chain block by the miners, at least 51% of the nodes/peers need to review that transaction and see that the public key issuing it A) has the funds to issue it, and B) has not spent them in another transaction.

Does anyone know how the peers network actually keeps track of that validation evolution?
Does each peer individually review the transaction and then send the result (valid or not) somewhere, and in this somewhere the count is made until reaching 51%?
Or does each validating peer somehow know about the validation result of other peers?
How does the system know when the 51% is reached? Isn't for that required to know the total number of nodes in the network? How can this be if each node is just connected to few peers?

I cannot somehow come up with an answer that does not imply a server knowing ALL the peers in the network...

Thank you very much for your help


texts: What is the Alert system in the bitcoin protocol? How does it work?

texts: I understand Bitcoin has an alert system. Can someone explain what it is, how does it work, and what was it designed for?


texts:
I use BitcoinSharp with C#.net. I try to reading my wallet.dat (dont encrpyt). And some error : "The input stream is not a valid binary format. The starting contents (in bytes) are: 00-00-00-00-01-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-62-31-05-00-09 .."

Have any Idea ?

Thanks..


texts: I read this tweet by Tadge Dryja recently. What exactly did he mean? Is this an issue? If so, is this issue fixable?


texts: How to get my 24 word seed using bitcoin-cli

texts:
I've tried:
bitcoin-cli sethdseed 'word1 word2 ...'
but i got invalid private key.
please help me getting my 24 word seed using bitcoin core


texts: Is it legal to use bitcoin in a domain name? Not a sub domain, but in the main domain name.


texts: How can I find my Bitcoin address on Airbitz?

texts: I'm new to Bitcoin. I'm using Airbitz on my phone and I need to find my wallet address.


texts: Who decides what the next, correct Nonce is?

texts:
As I understand finding the correct Nonce is the basis when hashing transactions for Proof of Work.

How and where is this decided in the ecosystem what the next Nonce is?

In my limited understanding this part needs to be centralized somehow, that every node is searching for the same, correct one. At the same time this might be an important security aspect.


texts: Help! Transaction unconfirmed after 1 day!

texts:
I made a bitcoin transfer yesterday and it is still pending with 0 confirmation. The fee is around 0.003BTC and the miner preference is high though. Can anyone please help me get it confirmed? I'd greatly appreciate it.

Here is the link:
https://live.blockcypher.com/btc/tx/b79bffaec87a0e789be3465faecc394f692ef2c501ef2787dcbc3f56e16c7076/


texts: Is the block size limit miners'-only thing, or should users participate?

texts:
Lately I see a lot of back and forth between proponents and opponents of block size increase debate. I have made up my mind about this, but neither side provides any directions on how I can indicate what I think about that.

Is this a miner-only thing?


texts: different multisig address from the same public keys

texts:
When I use bitcoin-cli -testnet to generate a 2-of-3 address, the code:

bitcoin-cli -testnet createmultisig 2 '''
 [
   "03b91ff254ae3bb3861e4a6c16ab356d6c52ccfd2b58bedf0dda84657dfd9d9afc",
   "039f1475fb37d91ed65765c897acbdc37da3a7aba19f5b8ad5ff22a994e8350798",
   "030ee8793fa2cb93f0cfd475b990cbaa48a28d83bd8f434348607368e52644febf"
 ]'''

the result is

"address": "2MzSwUwBc1xuNHwRotwrdFugLvju8VV9uPT",

But when I use bitcoinjs-lib, the code is:

var pubKeys = [
'03b91ff254ae3bb3861e4a6c16ab356d6c52ccfd2b58bedf0dda84657dfd9d9afc',
'039f1475fb37d91ed65765c897acbdc37da3a7aba19f5b8ad5ff22a994e8350798',
'030ee8793fa2cb93f0cfd475b990cbaa48a28d83bd8f434348607368e52644febf'
].map(function(hex){
return new Buffer(hex, 'hex');
});

var redeemScript = bitcoin.script.multisig.output.encode(2, pubKeys); // 2 of 3
var scriptPubkey = bitcoin.script.scriptHash.output.encode(bitcoin.crypto.hash160(redeemScript));
var address = bitcoin.address.fromOutputScript(scriptPubkey);

Now the address changed to

38tjRCFaQWQ269oGDpEkdxh5iPgxh7kvtB

How could this happen? Did I do something wrong?


texts:
Installed the Bitcoin QT client only last week... synchronised it with the blockchain... and sent my bitcoins to this adress...
Now, when I want to send to some other address, it asks for the passphrase. However, have never had the option of providing a passphrase. Any thoughts on this?


texts: What is the difference between the bitcoind command line options "addnode" and "connect"?

texts:
As seen here: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Running_Bitcoin#Command-line_arguments

  -addnode=ip          Add a node to connect to and attempt to keep the connection open
  -connect=ip          Connect only to the specified node(s)

Both of those explanations seem to say the same thing to me.

Can anyone explain them in more detail?


texts: Using segwit and creating Pay-To-Witness (P2WPKH) addresses

texts:
I'm going through this guide: https://bitcoincore.org/en/segwit_wallet_dev/

I might be understanding this incorrectly, but it sounds like the users and/or wallet custodian (coinbase, blockchain.info, etc) must create P2SH-P2WPKH addresses in order for the witness data to be segregated and save on block space.  According to the guide, soon after activation only a limited number of segwit transactions will be on the network.

Does the new release 0.13.1 default to creating P2WPKH addresses or will the users and online wallet providers have to do this manually?  Will there be a built-in RPC function for creating these addresses similar to createmultisig ?


texts: Is it possible to view others' transactions in bitcoin client?

texts:
This seems like a really basic question, but I'm having trouble searching for answers on it. My understanding is that my bitcoin client (Bitcoin v0.7.1-beta) has basically theoretically downloaded the entire transaction history of every bitcoin transaction that has ever occurred. I can see my own transactions in the Transactions screen. Is there a way to see transaction with wallets that I haven't imported or created on this client? I'm just trying to get a full understanding of bitcoin technology here. Is the reason the client doesn't show transactions from other wallets due to:

User friendliness - it would be overwhelming to have to search through all wallet addresses when most people only care about their own (is there a way to override that?);
Technical limitations - it's impractical to consider every transaction in the huge database when you want to list or look up some particular piece of information;
Design limitations - Not every transaction is actually there with all the information necessary;
Privacy concerns - By making it too easy to view others' transactions people would yell out about privacy more vocally;
Something I missed?


texts: How do I lookup the details of a transaction, given the transaction ID?

texts: I transferred BTC from GDAX to Binance.  I have the transaction ID.  How do I find out the status of the transfer.  GDAX reports transfer complete.  Thanks.


texts: Bitcoin core server error when requesting data

texts:
I'm trying to interact with the bitcoin network with Bitcoin Core server and the JSON RPC PHP library found on the wiki here: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/API_reference_%28JSON-RPC%

My setup:

I installed the Bitcoin core client, created the bitcoin.conf file with the settings:

rpcuser=finder
rpcpassword=AcdfghHBTfYHTFytBG526
server=1
rpcport=8332

the wallet is synchronised with the network.

I tried the example on the wiki like this:

require_once 'jsonRPCClient.php';
$bitcoin = new   jsonRPCClient('http://finder:AcdfghHBTfYHTFytBG526@127.0.0.1:8332/');
print_r($bitcoin->getwork()); echo "\n";

When running the code I'm getting the error:

 Warning:  fopen(http://...@127.0.0.1:8332/): failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
 in D:\xampp\htdocs\p\jsonRPCClient.php on line 132

Fatal error:  Uncaught exception 'Exception' with message 'Unable to connect to http://finder:AcdfghHBTfYHTFytBG526@127.0.0.1:8332/' in D:\xampp\htdocs\p\jsonRPCClient.php:140
Stack trace:
0 D:\xampp\htdocs\p\index.php(9): jsonRPCClient->__call('getwork', Array)
1 D:\xampp\htdocs\p\index.php(9): jsonRPCClient->getwork()
2 {main}
  thrown in D:\xampp\htdocs\p\jsonRPCClient.php on line 140

I'm running the server with the batch command bitcoin-qt.exe -server
Is there anything else I need to do to get the data from the network?


texts: I have been developing an application for few coins to get details of the coin, it's more like https://masternodes.online/, where we need to show the ROI, Nodes, required, Minimum Worth of a bitcoin, for those things, I need to find reward of bitcoin first.   Could you let me know how to find reward of bitcoin(not for single transaction) and with that how to calculate ROI and other stuff?


texts:
A website shows their services can be purchased via Coinbase and Bitpay.

I searched for information and found Bitcoin Core from bitcoin.org/en/choose-your-wallet and I think it is very popular among tens of wallet platforms.

What is the difference between Coinbase and Bitcoin Core? Is there any thing one can do but the other can not?
If I used an account with Bitcoin Core, will I be able to purchase their services?

There are also Dogecoin, Blackcoin and etc accepted by that company. What made people buying these new kind of coins rather than using Bitcoins?


texts: Bitcoin and Ven seem to have very different properties, so are there any complementary ways for them to interact? Maybe with Ven acting as a universal fiat representative?


texts: Double Counting SigOps to Prevent CPU Exhaustion Attacks

texts:
In the bitcoin v0.9.3 source: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/v0.9.3/src/main.cpp

ConnectBlock() calls CheckBlock() as one of the first things it does. https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/v0.9.3/src/main.cpp#L1756. And CheckBlock() does a count of the signature operations that doesn't include counting P2SH sig ops in the inputs.

But then ConnectBlock() goes on to do it's own nSigOps count, this time including the P2SH sig ops (https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/v0.9.3/src/main.cpp#L1810).

Why doesn't CheckBlock() just include the P2SH sig op count to avoid code duplication between the two methods? Is it for efficiency? Or maybe backwards compatibility?

Thanks!


texts: How does the mempool work? What happens to the mempool when there are two equal length chains on the network?

texts:
Is there just one mempool or does each node keep a copy of the mempool?

From my understanding each node needs to keep a copy of the mempool.

If that is true then how is mempool consensus reached? Does it need to be reached?

What happens to mempool transactions when there are two equally long chains on the network?

If I have BTC in my account and send it to someone, but during that time there are two equally long chains on the network, what happens?

Is there a chance that the BTC gets forever lost in a mempool when one of the chains is rejected?


texts: how to create Bitcoin address , p2sh segwit and Bitcoin segwit address on python console from pubkey?

texts:
i am new on python,
i know it
how to create Bitcoin address , p2sh segwit and Bitcoin segwit address on python console ?
i  use https://github.com/richardkiss/pycoin
and command-line
(base) C:\Users\MM>ku 04c6047f9441ed7d6d3045406e95c07cd85c778e4b8cef3ca7abac09b95c709ee51ae168fea63dc339a3c58419466ceaeef7f632653266d0e1236431a950cfe52a
 input                        : >04c6047f9441ed7d6d3045406e95c07cd85c778e4b8cef3ca7abac09b95c709ee5\
                                  1ae168fea63dc339a3c58419466ceaeef7f632653266d0e1236431a950cfe52a
 network                      : Bitcoin mainnet
 symbol                       : BTC
 public pair x                : 89565891926547004231252920425935692360644145829622209833684329913297188986597
 public pair y                : 12158399299693830322967808612713398636155367887041628176798871954788371653930
  x as hex                    : c6047f9441ed7d6d3045406e95c07cd85c778e4b8cef3ca7abac09b95c709ee5
  y as hex                    : 1ae168fea63dc339a3c58419466ceaeef7f632653266d0e1236431a950cfe52a
 y parity                     : even
 key pair as sec              : 02c6047f9441ed7d6d3045406e95c07cd85c778e4b8cef3ca7abac09b95c709ee5
  uncompressed                : 04c6047f9441ed7d6d3045406e95c07cd85c778e4b8cef3ca7abac09b95c709ee5\
                                  1ae168fea63dc339a3c58419466ceaeef7f632653266d0e1236431a950cfe52a
 hash160                      : 06afd46bcdfd22ef94ac122aa11f241244a37ecc
  uncompressed                : d6c8e828c1eca1bba065e1b83e1dc2a36e387a42
 Bitcoin address              : 1cMh228HTCiwS8ZsaakH8A8wze1JR5ZsP
 Bitcoin address uncompressed : 1LagHJk2FyCV2VzrNHVqg3gYG4TSYwDV4m
 Bitcoin segwit address       : bc1qq6hag67dl53wl99vzg42z8eyzfz2xlkvxechjp
 p2sh segwit                  : 3FWHHE3RVgyv5vYmMrcoRdA25uugWvQbso
  corresponding p2sh script   : 001406afd46bcdfd22ef94ac122aa11f241244a37ecc

python console
(base) C:\Users\MM>python
Python 3.7.4 (default, Aug  9 2019, 18:34:13) [MSC v.1915 64 bit (AMD64)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>> from pycoin.encoding.hexbytes import h2b
>>> from pycoin.symbols.btc import network
>>> pub = '04c6047f9441ed7d6d3045406e95c07cd85c778e4b8cef3ca7abac09b95c709ee51ae168fea63dc339a3c58419466ceaeef7f632653266d0e1236431a950cfe52a'
>>> hpub = h2b(pub)
>>> key = network.keys.public(hpub)
>>> key
<BTCSEC:04c6047f9441ed7d6d3045406e95c07cd85c778e4b8cef3ca7abac09b95c709ee51ae168fea63dc339a3c58419466ceaeef7f632653266d0e1236431a950cfe52a>
>>> key.address()
'1LagHJk2FyCV2VzrNHVqg3gYG4TSYwDV4m'

I want generate these address on python console, but how ?
 Bitcoin address              : 1cMh228HTCiwS8ZsaakH8A8wze1JR5ZsP

 Bitcoin segwit address       : bc1qq6hag67dl53wl99vzg42z8eyzfz2xlkvxechjp

 p2sh segwit                  : 3FWHHE3RVgyv5vYmMrcoRdA25uugWvQbso


texts: Is there a testnet version of data.ripple.com -- the Ripple Data API v2?

texts:
I am looking for a testnet version of data.ripple.com -- the Ripple Data API v2. Does anyone know if there is such a thing?

Thank you!


texts: creating our own coin - connection refused error

texts:
We are trying to create our own currency.

We first started with testnet.

The aim is to generate a genesis block and testnet did it very well. However, although we had connection between two computers and we have "hashespersecond" value more than 0, the balance stays 0.

Then, instead of using a testnet, we used mainnet(we read some topics about testnet which claim that balance never increases in testnet)

In mainnet, we saw that a connection is established(by using getinfo). However, in our log file, we always see the error:

  connect() failed after `select(): Connection refused

We inspected the code and found out a variable called nRet. The value of the nRet is changed in getsockopt built-in function. We don't know why the value of nRet has changed(any value except 0 means an error in socket).

We changed the port numbers, even the port numbers we used in testnet. But it didn't work.

We don't have any idea about how to establish a connection between these 2 computers. Both testnet and mainnet didn't work and we are struggling with this issue. We are using SmallChange, a faster version of Litecoin.

Any help will be appreciated.


texts: Is it technically possible to solo mine bitcoin using cpu without a pool? How? Ubuntu

texts:
For development reasons I'd like to have a private "real" bitcoin mainnet network.
Bitcoin-core doesn't support mining any more.

I have set up a network of 2 nodes (using connect conf command).
CPUminer is designed (as far as I know) to connect to a mining pool server.

Any idea how to directly do cpu solo mining with bitcoin?

Thanks.


texts: How to change bitcoind 0.8.1 bind settings?

texts:
I would like to setup bitcoind to run in the background but not have live bindings.

I have tried the following:

bitcoind
bitcoind -server
bitcoind -daemon
bitcoind -daemon -server
bitcoin.conf (server=0)

0.8.1 seems to bind to 127.0.0.1:8332, 0.0.0.0:8333, ::1:8332, :::8333

How do i disable all bindings and have bitcoind respond via command line, while maintaining new blocks?
OR
How do i bind only to 127.0.0.1:8332?

Goal: duplicate mysqld behavior.


texts: Can Ripple gateways operate as fully transparent fractional reserve banks?

texts:
Any Ripple gateway that establishes a solid reputation will be tempted to switch to fractional reserve issuance of its own IOUs to increase leverage (which is exactly what the existing comercial banks do).

Question:

Can Ripple gateways' accounting be fully transparent since presumably all their transactions are stored in the distributed public ledger ? (This is similar to how SatoshiDice operates currently).

However it's not clear if external deposits and distributions can be represented in the ledger.


texts:
https://blockexplorer.com/tx/286fefb79f1b0a14526997e8c7bcb4bd7a5665c953586f6bbcd09e441b192d3f this is my transaction blockchain hash

This is first time I've actually seen something like this - the buyer sent me $200 (at least he says) and the $250 came to my wallet but $50 is Unauthorized or something like that. The transfer is seems to be stuck in limbo.

I was trying to wait - I asked about it on LBC they have no idea...

Can anybody explain to me in what circumstances can a processing transaction become stuck?
If this transaction does process will it transfer to my wallet or reverse to sender account?

Is this situation avoidable and how long it at maximum could it take?
A simple explanation would be great I'm a beginner btc user.


texts: How are wallets listed on bitcoin.org chosen?

texts:
I only use coingate and blockchain.info and to my understanding, coingate is a party that handles transactions (make order, send and receive bitcoin) while blockchain.info is a wallet to store bitcoin. I have a few questions below:

Why can't coingate be a wallet itself?
In https://bitcoin.org/en/choose-your-wallet, why blockchain.info is not listed? Was it not updated?


texts:
I installed Bitcoin Qt, and it began updating the blocks extremely slowly. After several hours, I restarted the program, thinking it might speed it up. Now, it appears completely stagnant; the icon in the bottom right is now two monitors and an X, rather than the previous icons which denoted the rate of the update.

How can I get it to update the blocks? I'm waiting on some transferred funds, and this is starting to be a real hassle.


texts: I don't pay for my own power, but I have two problems mining. I am CPU mining at 250 mhash/s because my AMD Radeon HD 7800 series graphics card will only produce 4.0 mhash/s (the other problem I'm having that I don't understand) but my main question is- what is more profitable to me? litecoin mining or bitcoin mining?


texts: What should I use as a login and password while connecting to the bitcoin daemon

texts:
I'm creating a pool, right now I'm trying to connect to bitcoin daemon, it responses with error "401", "HTTP Error 401 Unauthorized".

What should I enter in "login" and "password" fields?


texts: NXTcoin Startup - Error: Could not find or load main class nxt . Nxt

texts:
I setup a new VM with ubuntu 12.04 installed and installed java 8. I cloned the nxt repo and it is throwing this error:

Error: Could not find or load main class nxt.Nxt

What is this error and how can this be resolved?
thanks.


texts: Why doesn't the Bitcoin blockchain truncate past data?

texts: AFAIK, verification of transactions on the blockchain doesn't require the full chain data and six to ten verification will be enough (which makes uses of a Merkle tree). Thus, why cannot it abridge the data for a future complete node?


texts: What is the status of hierarchical deterministic wallets (BIP32)

texts:
BIP32 specifies hierarchical deterministic wallets, where a master seed fully determines a whole tree of keypairs that can be arbitrarily branched. It also introduces the notions of internal and external keypair chains that can be used independently to generate public or private keys.

Now I know that for example Armory uses deterministic wallets, but I cannot seem to find any implementation of the branching feature as described in BIP32. In particular, I want to generate a chain of linked addresses which are spendable using only one of the keys from my wallet as seed of a new branch (roughly the use case described in Recurrent business-to-business transactions).

Are there any other implementations of BIP 32 I am not aware of? Are there any plans to (fully) implement BIP 32 in Armory or any other client?


texts: Wallet not updating with received bitcoin

texts: I should have received an amount of bitcoins but my wallet balance in the client is still showing $0. The transfer occurred yesterday, while the client was not running. I confirmed the whole blockchain is updated and that the transaction appears at blockchain.info, yet the wallet still shows $0. What could cause this?


texts: Why is there a higher fee for re-used receiving addresses?

texts:
Say I want to get lots of small bitcoin deposits and sell them off soon thereafter.  Say I get bitcoin in $5 chunks.  If I take the standard advice and never reuse an address, I have to pay a transaction fee every time I sell one of those chunks.  As of this writing, the average fee is over $2.  This puts the overall fee for this endeavor at 40%.  On the other hand, it seems like I could collect all of the deposits in one address and sell when I've reached some acceptable threshold, say $100.  It seems like this would cost me a mere 2%.

On the other hand, I have read the following at https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Address_reuse#High_Fees

  A single invoice payment using P2PKH can be redeemed and spent with a predictable fee because the transaction should have a predictable size. Software that determines payment and available funds based on "address balance" can cause loss through high fees. If you are paid to an address in many small increments, you will pay a much higher transaction fee when redeeming those payments. It is much more useful for a client to display transaction outputs spendable than address balances for this reason.

My understanding was that transaction fees are per byte, and that my transaction would be a standard sized one of the form "MyAddress is sending x many Satoshi to YourAddress".  Why would I have to pay more?


texts: Bitcoin core behind Tor Hidden service problem

texts:
Recently I had to reinstall/compile Bitcoin Core in my freshly installed Debian Buster laptop.
I followed instructions here for method 2 at the bottom of the site:
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Setting_up_a_Tor_hidden_service
But shortly after I started my node, I noticed that the command
bitcoin-cli getnetworkinfo

was reporting 2 onion addresses at the bottom of the returned JSON object, at section localaddresses.
    {
      "address": "rs6srmllckfcveu2.onion",
      "port": 8333,
      "score": 6
    },
    {
      "address": "53hhdjgv4jailcee.onion",
      "port": 8334,
      "score": 4
    }
  ],
  "warnings": ""

These are my settings related to Bitcoin Core and Tor
Bitcoin Core config file
proxy=127.0.0.1:9050
listen=1
bind=127.0.0.1
externalip=53hhdjgv4jailcee.onion
onlynet=onion
port=8334

and in /etc/tor/torrc
HiddenServiceDir /var/lib/tor/bitcoin-service
HiddenServiceVersion 2
HiddenServicePort 8334 127.0.0.1:8333

I also added this to
but these lines are for c-lightning node configuration, so I assume they play no role for Bitcoin Core configuration regarding method 2.
SocksPort 9050

CookieAuthentication 1
CookieAuthFileGroupReadable 1
CookieAuthFile /run/tor/control.authcookie

Inside /var/lib/tor/bitcoin-service/hostname I can see only one onion address which is the one in my Bitcoin Core config file.
I already tried to delete my bitcoin onion_private_key file and also deleted my /var/lib/tor/bitcoin-service folder, but still 2 onion addresses are showing up.
So, where is it Bitcoin Core picking up the other onion address?
Can anyone help me?


texts: What wallet should I use to collect the mining payout from multiple machines?

texts:
I am trying to set up my Debian Server so that I can join a mining pool.

I already know that I am going to use cgminer for the mining software because it will work with the server format (command line).

What I am not sure about is what type of wallet I should use and how I would link multiple machines to one wallet (I want to use my home computer as well).


texts: Are virus signatures a serious threat to the bitcoin network?

texts:
I read this in a forum post on another site. Here's my recap. But by "I" I mean me, not the original poster.

All transactions over the bitcoin network is stored as raw data forever in the distributed database (all bitcoin clients has the same copy of the database .. and if they lose by, e.g. by reinstalling the client, they'll synchronize with the distributed one again).

You can "inject" whatever 20 byte binary strings you want into the flat files (described here http://pastebin.com/ct2WHUK5 ). I'm pretty sure there are other ways to do it as well (apparently you can add text messages to transactions?.. I don't really know).

Now, here's my question. What'd happen if the bitcoin database were flooded with virus signatures? Is this a serious matter or just a "Meh"?


texts: what is the significance of the rpc port and it's relation to the functionality of bitcoin

texts:
In this outdated but seemingly comprehensive guide to creating an altcoin fork of bitcoin they make special mention of the need to change the rpc port.
Although in the intervening time the file names have changed the variables remain so I think this advice is still valid.
What is the purpose of these ports? What information do they transmit? Why are they there and why must we change them when creating a new network?

Step 4- Ports(required)
a) bitcoinrpc.cpp
    -change RPC port.

    Code:
    ip::tcp::endpoint endpoint(bindAddress, GetArg("-rpcport", 55883));

    Code:
    if (!d.connect(GetArg("-rpcconnect", "127.0.0.1"), GetArg("-rpcport", "55883")))

b) init.cpp
   -change RPC port

    Code:
    -rpcport= " + _("Listen for JSON-RPC connections on  (default: 55883)") + "\n" +

    -change Testnet and Common port(P2P).

    Code:
    -port= " + _("Listen for connections on  (default: 55884 or testnet: 45884)") + "\n" +

c) protocol.h

  -Testnet and P2P port again.

    Code:
    return testnet ? 45883 : 55884;


texts: How much bitcoin do companies have on their balance sheets?

texts: How much bitcoin do publicly-traded companies currently have on their balance sheets?  Is the information available online?  If so, where can it be found?


texts: Understanding a Mysterious Bitcoin Transaction

texts:
I recently sent someone .5 Bitcoins, from the wallet on my Trezor.

My Trezor wallet shows a transaction of -.5 bitcoins (actually slightly more than .5 because of the transaction fee of course).  Moreover, the balance showing on my Trezor is exactly what it should be --- that is, .5 less than it was before. And moreover, the recipient received exactly .5 bitcoins.  So it looks like everything went exactly as it should.

However, when I look up the transaction on the blockchain, I see this:

This appears to show 43.99 Bitcoins leaving my wallet, .5 of them going to the recipient, and the remaining 43.49 going to some mysterious other address.

This almost makes it appear that somebody somehow managed to steal 43.49 of my Bitcoins, but given what's showing on the Trezor I'm not too worried about that. (As I said, the Trezor balance has been decremented by just .5, as it should be.  In case it's relevant, the total balance on the Trezor is substantially more than 43.99.)

I'm guessing that somehow what happened is that for some reason the 43.49 extra Bitcoins were taken from my wallet and returned to me, but then I wonder why that doesn't show up on the list of transactions on my Trezor.  And the address to which the 43.49 were apparently sent does not match any public key that I have any record of ever having used.

Bottom line:  I'm not too concerned, but I'd sure like to understand this.  Can someone help?


texts: How do you calculate a reasonable transaction fee?

texts: These days transactions are taking a very long time to confirm. Higher transaction fees could be a possible solution. I want to know how to calculate a reasonable transaction fee, which is not so expensive and results in less time until confirmation (within 10-15min). Could you advice me on how to implement it?


texts: List transactions *relayed* by my full node?

texts:
Running Bitcoin Core full node 24/7, with 70+ peer connections. Is there a bitcoin-cli command that will let me see the transactions that my full node has relayed from its SPV "clients"?

FWIW, I can use Blockchain.info to search for my physical IP address. That should show all transactions with a matching "Relayed by IP" ... but the last transaction listed for my full node is 6+ weeks ago.

Trying to be a "good full node citizen," so I want to make sure everything is working AOK.


texts: what if a coin is spendable by multiple keys?

texts:
it seems like the scripting language could allow multiple private keys to spend a coin?

what if i send a coin to someone, but also allow it to be spendable by me. would their wallet still show they received the $?


texts: I have an 'Electrum' wallet. I found some old public keys and imported them into it and then sent the bitcoins to an address in the main wallet. Now the transactions are confirmed and there are 0 bitcoins balance in the imported keys I presume it's safe to delete those keys from the wallet? Is there any circumstance in which I'd ever need them again? (Assuming of course nobody is going to pay anything to their addresses)


texts: transaction "unconfirmed," no idea what the problem is, running updated bitcoin core

texts: The transaction 0ee906dd3a240d3776d609853a7e855ed813b8a1e51328405145a8cffecbb804 has been unconfirmed for six hours. I have no idea what the problem, it just says "unconfirmed transaction!". Is there anything I can do? My bitcoin core was recently updated so i don't think it's a transaction fee problem.


texts: API to know if bitcoin-core has the private key (in the wallet.dat file) of a certain Bitcoin address?

texts:
Does the bitcoin-core client have any RPC API to query the key pool? I have certain bitcoin address which I want to check if the wallet has access to (either via private key or via HD-private key derivation).

Is there a way to programmatically check this? I was going to use signmessage but that would need me to unlock the wallet with the passphrase first.


texts: Is it possible to retrieve lost wallets from 9 years ago by downloading a full node?

texts:
Purchased bitcoin in
A few years ago.  Forgot/lost wallet addresses,and email . Is it possible to retrieve my wallets from then by downloading the bitcoin node ?


texts: Do Miners get a reward for re-confirming blocks?

texts:
As far as I know, to ensure double-spending didn't happened and also for other security reasons, there is minimum number of confirmations that a transaction should have to be accepted. That value is around 4-6 blocks I think, but merchants can put their own threshold.

My question is if with the sub-sequent confirmations after the first one, the miners get the mining reward, or a share of it.

Or maybe a transaction is included in different blocks per each confirmation? But how the mining fees are paid then?

If there is no reward for re-confirmations, I'm wondering what would happen after the Bitcoin limit is reached and the only reward for the miners will be the transaction fees. Will transaction get more than 1 confirmation then?


texts: How to create descriptor watch-only wallet with bitcoin-cli in Bitcoin Core 0.21?

texts:
Using only command line (no GUI), how can I create watch only wallet based on descriptor and get first unused address?
This is the descriptor:

"wpkh([00000000/84h/0h/0h]xpub6DP....xyz/0/*)#checksum"

this is the bitcoin-cli command to list addresses based on this descriptor:

./bitcoin-cli deriveaddresses
"wpkh([00000000/84h/0h/0h]xpub6DP....xyz/0/*)#checksum" "[0,2]"

How to create actuall watch only wallet so that I can get automatically first unused address?


texts: i have my wallet id and bitcoin address in a safe but deleted from all electronic gadgets. So how do i recover my bitcoin by using these said method please advise.


texts: How are Bitcoin Core GUI nodes properly connected and disconnected in regtest mode?

texts:
I'm trying to set up a private Bitcoin network using Bitcoin Core in regtest mode. However, there are two problems:

the port reported by the Bitcoin Core GUI doesn't match the one the node is running at; and
when a peer is disconnected (or even banned) it re-connects automatically.

Here's what I did. I create two folders, alice and bob. I then launch the GUI from the OSX Terminal:

# start Alice node
$ open -n /Applications/Bitcoin-Qt.app --args -regtest -datadir=/Users/{username}/Desktop/alice/ -port=18444

# start Bob node
$ open -n /Applications/Bitcoin-Qt.app --args -regtest -datadir=/Users/{username}/Desktop/bob/ -port=18445

From Alice's Console, I do:

addnode 127.0.0.1:18445 add

This creates a connection to both nodes.

I want to disconnect both nodes from each other.

From Alice's Console, I use:

addnode 127.0.0.1:18445 remove

On Alice's node, the peer is:

127.0.0.1:18445

However, on Bob's node, the peer is

127.0.0.1:57594

but I expect it to be:

127.0.0.1:18444

I try to remove Bob's node from Alice with:

addnode 127.0.0.1:18445 remove

Console returns null but doesn't remove the node.

When I try this from Alice's node:

addnode 127.0.0.1:57549 remove

I get Error: Node has not been added. (code -24)

I then try to disconnect Bob's node from Alice's node using the the Peers tab. Right click on peer (Bob) and choose disconnect.

The node is disconnected for about 45 seconds, then reconnects.

To summarize, I have two questions:

Why doesn't the port number on Bob's node match the port number I gave it?
How can I keep regtest nodes permanently disconnected for arbitrary periods of time and then reconnect them?


texts: Bitcoincore listrecievedbyaddress doesn’t work

texts:
I am trying to run bitcoin full node on testnet. I have downloaded ant started bitcoind with such config:
testnet=1
regtest=0
server=1
listen=0

I'v generated new address tb1qklst9t8rk97zmwqdq4t8s3dazk3h6rps20y32d
with "getnewaddress" command.
I`v made the transaction from Electrum testnet wallet to this address (transaction id: cefe1ca9048f2fcd42c40b1060cdf4183f98f24eca95a9c499006ee39a033d54).
I can see this transaction in Electrum testnet wallet or on tbtc.bitaps.com.
But results of commands "listreceivedbyaddress 0 true true" and "gettransaction cefe1ca9048f2fcd42c40b1060cdf4183f98f24eca95a9c499006ee39a033d54" are:
[
  {
    "address": "tb1qklst9t8rk97zmwqdq4t8s3dazk3h6rps20y32d",
    "amount": 0.00000000,
    "confirmations": 0,
    "label": "",
    "txids": [
    ]
  }
]

and
error code: -5
error message:
Invalid or non-wallet transaction id

The result of "getblockchaininfo" is:
{
  "chain": "test",
  "blocks": 626786,
  "headers": 1774117,
  "bestblockhash": "0000000000007d5ba9c09c8ddfa2cc31195aea3fc6e351969bc6fe454d2c29b8",
  "difficulty": 65536,
  "mediantime": 1450388529,
  "verificationprogress": 0.4003797270985711,
  "initialblockdownload": true,
  "chainwork": "000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007049211b48a78f895",
  "size_on_disk": 4446006159,
  "pruned": false,
  "softforks": {
    "bip34": {
      "type": "buried",
      "active": true,
      "height": 21111
    },
    "bip66": {
      "type": "buried",
      "active": true,
      "height": 330776
    },
    "bip65": {
      "type": "buried",
      "active": true,
      "height": 581885
    },
    "csv": {
      "type": "buried",
      "active": false,
      "height": 770112
    },
    "segwit": {
      "type": "buried",
      "active": false,
      "height": 834624
    }
  },
  "warnings": ""
}

Bitcoin core version is 0.20.0.
What is wrong?


texts:
I see two ways:

Txid + index
Txid + script hash

Pros of the txid + index:

Simple and short

Cons of txid + index:

It relies on array iteration being deterministic and all third party services using the same iteration method.

Txid + script hash does not rely on iteration order and since script hashes are stored on the blockchain they are not malleable after 6 confirmations.
Which would be the preferred way to go?


texts: If transaction has impossible locking script, are coins lost?

texts: If a bitcoin transaction's outputs have a locking script that is basically unsolvable, are the bitcoins lost, or can the transaction be invalidated?  (Or something else?)


texts: Where is the wallet account data stored?

texts: Saw the duplicate question "What is saved in wallet.dat exactly?" and found they not say anything about account. I guess the wallet account data should stored in wallet.dat too, am I right?


texts: Error - Electrum wallet RPC method not supported

texts:
I install Electrum in Ubuntu.

sudo apt-get install python-qt4 python-pip
sudo pip install https://download.electrum.org/2.6.4/Electrum-2.6.4.tar.gz

Then I start RPC on port 7777 and run daemon:

electrum setconfig rpcport 7777
electrum daemon start

I try RPC by curl:

curl --data-binary '{"id":"curltext","method":"wallet.create_new_address()","params":[]}' http://127.0.0.1:7777

I got error output:

{"error": {"message": "Method wallet.create_new_address() not supported.", "code": -32601}, "jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": "curltext"}

  I tried the command 'wallet.create_new_address()' which can be executed in GUI console but RPC gives error.


texts:
What is the safest way to exchange bitcoin for cash in person.

Obviously meet somewhere public but other then that how should an exchange proceed? What steps should be taken to ensure both parties are protected and everything goes smooth.


texts: Storing Provenance details in Bitcoin Blockchain

texts:
I am quite new to the blockchain and bitcoin world. I was looking at some ProofOfExistance (PoE) solutions (Digital Notary) for documents.
While these solutions store the hash of document+timestamp, they mention that they store the document hash in "the bitcoin blockchain". Does the bitcoin blockchain allow you to store this document hash (or anything else), is it not meant specifically to store the bitcoin crypto currency transaction details?? I would have thought these solutions will use their own blockchain.

Asking the question in this forum as PoE documentation mentioned "bitcoin clockchain".


texts: How do miners know how to remove recently confirmed transactions?

texts:
A miner is in the process of creating and mining a block of 1400 transactions. Suddenly they receive a broadcast that a new block was confirmed with 200 of the transactions currently in that miner's block. How does a miner proceed in this scenario - dropping the 200 and adding 200 others from the mempool and trying to mine a block?

In a second scenario, two blocks are created almost at the same time and they each have some of the same and some different transactions. I'm assuming (a) that there is then a race to consensus for each and the first to 51% wins a confirmation. If so, then similar to above (b) the block with losing transactions has all the dissimilar transactions dumped back in the mempool. But what if a second chain surfaces with two blocks? Now all the confirmations in (a) that aren't confirmed in this second block get dumped back into the mempool and hopefully finally mined into the blockchain?

The takeway for me >>> Obviously this system does work since its very popular! But it seems that transactions can take a very long time and no way to really guarantee that they will occur unless a payor decides to pay a high fee to almost confirm that miners will pay attention to his transactions first and most will include that transaction into the miner's next block to add to the chain.


texts: If a block contains no SegWit transactions, does a miner send an (empty) witness?

texts: Also, would that block's Coinbase contain some kind of empty witness commitment?


texts:
I have just been helped by a friend and got 300 XRPs (which quickly became 299, thank you) and then I transferred 1 BTC from another address to my Ripple.com wallet.

First Ripple.com shows 299 XRP and has an exclamation sign next to it, which clicked says "Your current account is low. You must keep a minimum of 250 XRP to use all the features of a ripple."

Great! I am about to trust somebody for whom 299 < 250 ? Or is it advance warning?

But I digress, that is the new world of cryptocurrencies, some of the worst Web and UI and database programming seen in the recent history, so a site that clearly says it is beta must be excused.

Okay, so now I am trying to sell my 0.5 BTCs for some XRPs. Whether I place BTC sell order at the current bid, or in the middle between current bid and ask I always receive;

Error: Transaction failed
You don't have sufficient funds


texts: How is hash160 calculated from an unseen public key?

texts: I was looking thru Block explorer at an address with a balance.  It has never been spent from thus the public key is unknown.  If the public key is unknown, how can Block explorer calculate the hash160 of the public key?