texts: Why is the transaction priority removed?

texts:
As far as I know, in the earlier version of Bitcoin, there was a mechanism about transaction priorities. However, it has been removed (or not being taken into account anymore) and now the only criterion to be selected for confirmation is the fee.

Can anyone explain, what the reason was behind this design decision? Shortly, why?


texts: Which wallet can I use to store all my cryptocurrencies ?

texts:
I'm new to cryptocurrencies and I would like to store all my currencies (I read here and there that it is not safe to store everything on Coinbase).

So I tried Coinomi which seems quite good but is it safe ? Since I can send everything with only a password (not even with fingerprint or a pin), did anyone had an issue with it ?

I was also wondering, since I have Zcash, Bitcoin, LiteCoin et Ethereum, how is that possible that I can backup all these currencies with only 1 passphrase ? I mean, if I download the Zcash app for Mac OS, how will I recover my coins ?

Thank you !


texts: CryptoCompare API gives wrong historical daily OHLC data

texts:
I am trying to use CryptoCompare to get historical daily OHLC data, but the data I get seems to be wrong. For example, the following query (timestamp=1507248000) will give you data where 'open' (66.43 USD) is less than 'low' (68.88 USD):
https://min-api.cryptocompare.com/data/histoday?fsym=MLN&tsym=USD&limit=1&aggregate=1&toTs=1507248000

Am I missing something or is CryptoCompare really unreliable?


texts: How many bits of entropy is a Bitcoin address?

texts: I've seen references to 160 bits of entropy, but I'm not sure if this is universal or just applies to the old address format.


texts: Could Bitcoin have a fixed difficulty, how to implement that for a test and what would that mean in terms of mining? Would there be a difference if mining with a big rig or just a wallet?


texts: How long would it take for me to mine a bitcoin with a TItan XP nvidia

texts:
How long would it take me to mine 1 bitcoin with an nvidia titan xp graphics card?
ty for helping if u do.


texts: What percentage of Twitch tipping now occurs with Bitcoin?

texts: How does Bitcoin tipping compare to PayPal? Are there projections for when cryptocurrency tipping will surpass PayPal for revenue on the platform?


texts:
I noted that many clients now-a-days have the option for multipool. Regarding such feature I've got two questions:

What are the advantages of being in a multipool setup against the single pool?

Is such setup option fair for those people who are in only one pool?


texts: Something similar to blocknotify but for new transaction

texts:
Based on bitcoind, I noticed several derivative work like bitpay insight has the ability to push new block and transaction realtime to browser.

Reading document of bitcoind I see that bitcoind have blocknotify which let me achieve similar thing for block. But there is no equivalent for transaction. I would like to be notified whenever a new transaction is sent to my node, how can I do it with bitcoind?


texts: How can i use Bitcoin payment method through Swift for my IOS Project?

texts: I am trying to create Bitcoin Payment in my IOS project. I'm using swift language. I search this topic in lots of sites, youtube, stack overflow. but i just getting HTTP request related topics. Any one have solution? Ping me...


texts: Who was the person that told Satoshi "You will not find a solution to political problems in cryptography"?

texts:
I think this answer to a statement by Satoshi in the cryptography mailing list is one of the most interesting and revealing things he's said:

The original statement:

  You will not find a solution to political problems in cryptography.

Satoshi's answer:

  Yes, but we can win a major battle in the arms race and gain a new territory of freedom for several years. Governments are good at cutting off the heads of a centrally controlled
  networks like Napster, but pure P2P networks like Gnutella and Tor seem to be holding their own.

source:
https://www.mail-archive.com/cryptography@metzdowd.com/msg09971.html

However, it seems like the original statement in the mailing list that Satoshi is replying to seems to have been made off of the mailing list thus the full message and the identity of the person is unknown. Who was this person and what was his full message?


texts: I just reinstalled Bitcoin-qt and exchanged the new wallet.dat file with my old one. The Address for receiving coins is shown correctly in Bitcoin-qt but the balance is 0.00 BTC. The Block chain is up-to-date and if I check the Address with Blockexplorer it says my Bitcoins are still on this Account. Why is the Balance 0 BTC in Bitcoin-qt?


texts: Error running BITCOIND in Ubuntu 12.04 Desktop

texts:
Running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Desktop under Oracle VirtualBox in Windows 7 64bit I get the following error:

sim@sim-VirtualBox:~/bitcoin-0.8.5-linux/bin/32$ ./bitcoind -rpcpassword=12345 **terminate called after throwing an instance of 'boost::exception_detail::clone_impl<boost::exception_detail::error_info_injector<boost::filesystem::basic_filesystem_error<boost::filesystem::basic_path<std::string, boost::filesystem::path_traits> > > >'
  what():  boost::filesystem::create_directory: File exists: "/home/sim/.bitcoin"
Aborted (core dumped)**

Anyone know how I can fix this or what the issue may be?


texts: Are there estimates on the geographical distribution of the bitcoin supply?

texts:
There are two similar question on the site:

Is there data on the geographic distribution of bitcoin users?
I am eager to know details about distribution of bitcoin

The first is asking where the users of Bitcoin are located. The second is asking about percentage distributions among those users. Interesting data.

What I want to know is the geographic distribution of the bitcoins themselves. For example, what percentage of the bitcoin supply is held by North Americans (or North American companies)?


texts: What information about a transaction can be assumed accurate before confirmation?

texts:
When sending a Bitcoin transaction, what information in that transaction can be assumed to be accurate before receiving a confirmation?

Can you verify the from address?
Can you verify that the amount transferred is accurate?
Can you verify that the sender has enough balance to be sending this amount?
Anything else?

Given the following two situations:

A.) Taking into account double spending.

B.) Assuming a situation where double spending is unlikely / deemed to be not worth a scammer's time.

Thank you!


texts: Does 'simplified payment verification' work?

texts:
I was reading the original bitcoin paper where they mention a simplified payment verification scheme in section 8. I was wondering whether or not this actually works.

A quick sketch: The scheme requires you to only store all the block headers (instead of the full blocks). When you need to verify a transaction, you simply need the merkle root of the transaction and see whether or not that merkle root appears somewhere in the stored block headers. If so, you know that the transaction was once verified.

But you would not be able to use this for actually verifying new payments, right? Suppose somebody pays, and in the transaction he uses 'ins' from some other transaction. With this simplified scheme I could then check that the transaction actually happened. But I can't check that he has not already spent the money, right?

So basicly this scheme is only useful for re-verifying an old transaction for some reason? (e.g. to confirm that someone has participated in some transaction). But it is not useful for paying.

Is that a correct interpretation of the scheme, or am I missing something?


texts: Validation of the coloerd coin transaction

texts:
In Bitcoin, transactions are validated using UTXO.
How is the colored coin transaction (including Counterparty) validated?
For example, when balance of that user defined assets is zero, or when user are trying double spent, how does the validation activated?


texts: how does bitcoin's 6 confirmation really help?

texts:
I've read the following:

transaction is “confirmed” once it is buried 6 blocks into the
blockchain. This is taken to be a sufficient proof of work such that
reversing 6 blocks to double spend coins in a specific transaction is
infeasible. As we mentioned

Let's say Alice's blocks(honest node) is A->B->C and I included my transaction into that node which transforms 1BTC to starbucks to buy some coffee. (I am a malicious node), so my local chain is A->B->C' (note: It's C' and not C, and C' doesn't include my starbucks transaction, since i am trying to use 51% attack and double spend).
Now, Alice and other nodes do append blocks to their chain. Let's say A->B->C->D->E->F->G->H->I->J. That's great C block is already more than 6 deep into the blockchain. While Alice and others were building this chain, I am also building my chain(I have 51% hash rate power). and My local chain now looks like this A->B->C'->D'->E'->F'->G'->H'->I'->J' . Now, I solved one more and now after J', I also got K'...
If I now broadcast this, Alice is gonna accept this(longest) and I still double-spent it...
So, how does 6 confirmation really help at all? if someone has 51% power, 6 confirmation really doesn't matter. Any easy and good explanations about this?
My observation and answer IMHO:  I think 6 confirmation doesn't solve double spend or 51% attack. It's for the situation when blocks get mined at the same time. If that's the case,it's possible that someone's transaction might get slashed since other longest chain will appear after blocks don't get mined anymore at any given point. So 6 confirmation means that blocks don't get mined at the same time for 6 times sequentially. Correct ?
UPDATE: @murch This is what you're saying:

Generally, requiring more confirmations before considering a
transaction reliable makes reorganization attacks more expensive

And This is the only thing I don't understand.
If a malicious user has 51% attack power, why would more confirmations make it harder for him to attack ?

HN(honest Node) - A->B->C
AN(Attacker Node) - A-B-C

Attacker makes a transaction to HN (sending 5BTC to some merchant). but not in his own node, since it's local and doesn't broadcast. So we have the following:

HN(honest Node) - A->B->C->D(includes 5btc transaction)
AN(Attacker Node) - A-B-C->D' (note D' , it's different from D - because it doesn't include the 5BTC transaction).

Scenario 1)  HN just mines nodes, and AN also mines nodes.  Let's say they mined E and E' respectively. Now the 5BTC transaction has the confirmation of 2 block. Attacker mined one more block F' and broadcasted it. HN will reorganize chain. and 5BTC is not in AN's chain anymore... So attack successfully happened.
Scenario 2) While AN mines nodes, HN also mines nodes. attacker is faster, so AN mined 10 blocks starting at D'. HN mined 5 blocks starting at D. Now even though HN's D block has 6 confirmations, AN now broadcasts its longer chain and reorganization will happen on HN (removing D block, which consists of 5BTC transaction). so attack succeded.
So, we have 2 scenarios, one with 2 confirmations, one with 6 confirmations. How did 6 help at all in these cases, or at least cease the danger ?


texts: Public key from private key generation problem

texts:
I met some problems, when I was trying to write function able to create Bitcoin public key from private key. I was using the tutorial: http://procbits.com/2013/08/27/generating-a-bitcoin-address-with-javascript ---> "Public key" part is most important.

Part of my code looks like this:

public String generatePublicKey(String privateKey)
{
    BigInteger privKey = new BigInteger(privateKey,16);
    X9ECParameters ecp = SECNamedCurves.getByName("secp256k1");
    ECPoint curvePt = ecp.getG().multiply(privKey);
    BigInteger x = curvePt.getXCoord().toBigInteger();
    BigInteger y = curvePt.getYCoord().toBigInteger();
    byte[] xBytes = this.removeSignByte(x.toByteArray());
    byte[] yBytes = this.removeSignByte(y.toByteArray());
    byte[] pubKeyBytes = new byte[65];
    pubKeyBytes[0] = new Byte("04");
    System.arraycopy(xBytes,0, pubKeyBytes, 1, xBytes.length);
    System.arraycopy(yBytes, 0, pubKeyBytes, 33, yBytes.length);
    return this.bytesToHex(pubKeyBytes);}

There are also two functions:

final protected static char[] hexArray = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
public String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
    char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
    int v;
    for ( int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++ ) {
        v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
        hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4];
        hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F];
    }
    return new String(hexChars);
}

private byte[] removeSignByte(byte[] arr)
{
    if(arr.length==33)
    {
        byte[] newArr = new byte[32];
        System.arraycopy(arr, 1, newArr, 0, newArr.length);
        return newArr;
    }
    return arr;
}

However I used bytesToHex() earlier and there weren't any problems. So the thing is that generatePublicKey() does not work properly. I tried to insert private key known from bitcoin wiki:

18E14A7B6A307F426A94F8114701E7C8E774E7F9A47E2C2035DB29A206321725

(from https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Technical_background_of_version_1_Bitcoin_addresses)

It should create long public key (even before all hashing) - step 2 on wiki:

0450863AD64A87AE8A2FE83C1AF1A8403CB53F53E486D8511DAD8A04887E5B23522CD470243453A299FA9E77237716103ABC11A1DF38855ED6F2EE187E9C582BA6

Unfortunately the answer is wrong. Could you Guys look at this and point my mistakes?

Ofc, programming language is Java and cryptographic provider was Bouncy Castle.

EDIT:
I accidentally solved my problem. When I was writing this function, Eclipse told me function getX() (and getY()) is depracated. So I used getXCoord(), because I thought its result is the same. In feeling hopeless I used getX() instead getXCoord() and whole function magically worked!

What's the difference between getX() and getXCoord() ?


texts:
I am trying to write a multiple currency hd wallet.
I am using javascript libraries but I feel unsafe as I am new to most cryptography concepts and terms like elliptic curve, seeds, entropy etc.

I can not be a cryptography expert but I want to learn terms and concepts at least to know what it is doing when I am using third party libraries.

Can you recommend any books or online resources?


texts:
I use software from  https://github.com/ca333/rng-scanner , I try to find r that is reused. from the software I found results

Bitcoin Address : 1GQdrgqAbkeEPUef1UpiTc4X1mUHMcyuGW
In Input NR : 141 ~ 220020a271a0897f1b7a7f0db9acb517ae2b6d53dda3833808d02c6a1cc21dc1a68680
Resued R-Value : a0897f1b7a7f0db9acb517ae2b6d53dda3833808d02c6a1cc21dc1a68680

How do I find the s and z of the reused r value?


texts: scriptcode, scriptsig, pubkeyscript confusion

texts:
I've been banging my head on a desk for a few days trying to understand the segwit protocol properly.

Another roadblock has thrown me off-guard and I am struggling to grasp the concept of "scriptCode:" used in the signature examples of bip0143 https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0143.mediawiki#specification

I understand that a scriptPubKey is basically the locking conditions put on an output when spent. And I also understand that scriptSig is to redeem a previously locked output (destined for my pubkey/pubkeyhash).

I had come to pretty good grips with what I have just stated above, with the scriptSig data items being pushed onto the stack then getting evaluated by the pubKeyHash ect. But now there is this weird "scriptCode" field delcared that looks suspiciously identical to a p2pkh pubKeyScript.

So I came to the conclusion that it is just used the same in every hashPreImage:

DUP  HASH160  <keyhash>  EQUALVERIFY  CHECKSIG

But then I started thinking about stack evaluation order and got confused again. What is the order of stack evaluation? Is it: scriptSig data push > pubKeyScript evaluation > scriptCode? What about if there is witness data invloved? When is that pushed onto the stack? Or am I totally missing the point here?

Another thing I am confused about is p2sh-p2wpkh evaluation. I do not understand why the scriptSig has to be a push of the redeemScript:

 0 <20-byte-key-hash>

re-emphasising my main question. I am struggling with the concept of scriptCode and script evaluation order in general. I would like to know if the scriptCode is always the same format if I am only planning to sign p2sh-p2wpkh, pk2pkh, pk2pkh


texts: What happens if I buy BTC from an ATM, but the transaction never confirms?

texts: I bought bitcoin through the atm machine, it was sent to me but is yet to be confirmed over 52hrs.. if the transactions later disappeared from the mempool / blockchain, how will the sender get back the fund, since not send from a wallet?


texts: Where is the Coin in the Transaction Hash Chain?

texts:
In Satoshi Nakamoto's diagram:

I see a Hash in each transaction block. It would be interesting to see the first block in the chain--it isn't shown. I say that because I do not see anything that references a digital coin. Presumably, if I were to go back to the original transaction block (let's assume that it's a coinbase transaction--one that received, say, 25 bitcoin from a mining effort)--is the Hash for that first transaction block simply a bitcoin address hashed with the next owner's public key? If my newbie question is too off-base, then my real question is: Where is the coin in the diagram above (I understand that coin transactions result from inputs and outputs, but to keep things simple, the "coin" I'm referring to would have only one input and one output--I am trying to track a single digital asset using the diagram above, so it's okay to abstract the "coin" into a single hash for the sake of explanation)? Is the "Hash" effectively the "coin"--and to see the original coin's address, you would need to see the first block in this transaction hash chain--is that correct?


texts:
Setup:

10 clients.
Each client has his own wallet on my secured system.
An API service manages these wallets.

Leading Questions:

Each wallet should run as a separate process of "bitcoind"?
If so, each "bitcoind" can use the same blockchain files?
There is a best practice of running multiple wallets on the same system?


texts: My Bitcoin was transferred to someone’s address from my blockchain wallet!

texts: Ok I have done research on my situation and this is what I have found. On 1/17/2021 I tried to login to my blockchain wallet and the captcha was glitching. It asked like 10 times! So I sent blockchain an email at 2:49pm what was going on. The following day I logged in and it says my Bitcoin was transferred to a wallet in 2 separate transactions @ 2:50pm 1/17/2021! What the hell! Can someone please help me understand how someone could have gotten into my blockchain wallet? I have 2 factor authentication on and everything! It also sends an email if an unfamiliar up address is used to try and login. I then have to go in to authorize it is me before it will allow me in. I am very confused can someone help me understand how I can learn this process better or track down where this wallet is? I have sent a message to blockchain and they are no help at all! Please help!


texts: I am completely new to this technology ..i wanted to learn blockchain and starting with doublespending, POW, consensus,miners,mining everything i am not able to relate things and get clear with the exact concept...can anyone please help me out ?


texts: Why is Bitcoin address encoded in base58?

texts: Why does bitcoin address encoding use base58 instead of, for instance, base64? I don't see it is useful in any way.


texts: Unconfirmed transaction sitting in blockchain.info for 10 days

texts:
I have this unconfirmed transaction:
https://blockchain.info/tx/b0d2e665a4c32deebac93ddd8e457bad6d3906834d908efecbf81a858ac92ae2

sitting in blockchain.info wallet for 10 days. When will the network drop it?

At the time of sending it, I did not change any fee and left it on blockchain.info wallet to calculate fee..


texts: What previously existing technologies made Bitcoin possible?

texts:
When watching a tutorial, they mentioned that Bitcoin is based off 4 or 5 technologies that existed for at least a decade before Bitcoin. Satoshi Nakamoto was the first person to combine them all into a digital currency.
I'm aware of at least some of them - SHA-256, ECDSA, peer-to-peer distributed ledger - but want to try and understand all of them.
What other technologies underpin Bitcoin?


texts: Why are all testnet transactions currently unconfirmed and all faucets empty?

texts:
what is happening with btc testnet, all transactions are unconfirmed and all faucets are empty?

For an example that is on of my transactions:
https://live.blockcypher.com/btc-testnet/tx/d32652489a8131657ad05fba8a57bb075e16b20567c824ad67ded067f6b350c4/


texts: What trust am I placing where when I use Electrum?

texts:
I have read that Electrum never is given your private keys (which makes sense), but I'm still unsure what sacrifices it makes in order to not require you to not store the entire ~14GB blockchain.

So is the gist of it "you make transactions on your own using your information, but we watch the blockchain and tell you anything relevant that happens"?  Am I understanding this at all correctly?

If so, who is "we" in that?  And can't whoever I am trusting lie to me about how many bitcoins I have?


texts: bitcoin soft-fork how are the older nodes going to the verify new transaction?

texts:
I know soft fork which is compatible with older rules, but how are the older nodes going to the verify new transaction?

for example :

block#100 there is a new rule transaction.

the miner who created block#100, it must be a new rule's miner? and how the older nodes verify new transaction?


texts: How is the Merkle Tree sequentially propagated, and are the parts addressed?

texts:
When downloading the Merkle Tree, are all branches from the root downloaded in order?

Are the individual pieces of the tree cataloged in such a way so that the position of each piece is known?

In short, how does one know what piece of the tree goes where?


texts: Is it possible to get Node Id that paid an invoice?

texts:
I know it's possible to decode an invoice to see which node ID signed it by decoding it according to specs.

Is it possible to get Node ID that paid an invoice to my node?


texts: What will happen when the blockchain size will reach 1 Tb? Or 10 Tb?

texts: My question is more about bitcoin client (bitcoind). Will it still be working fine or maybe something will go wrong? I mean, maybe LevelDB can't handle this amount of data correctly?


texts: Multiple coins on one server running MPOS/stratum

texts:
I've got an instance of MPOS and a stratum server running a single PeerCoin pool perfectly fine.

How do I go about adding a second pool to the same server?

I've tried to duplicate both the stratum server folders and the MPOS folders, then configure for a different coin. However, when when I browse to the other MPOS instance, for example www.mysite.com/MPOSSECONDSITE/public, it loads a blank page. What am I doing wrong?


texts: Looking for a tool that gives a score based on the likely hood of a 0-confirm deposit being douple spent

texts: I know there is gap600, but it's proprietary, closed source and most likely expensive. If there is an open source free solution then please let me know.


texts: Why do prices of all cryptocurrencies move in sync?

texts:
For example, when bitcoin moves up/down, most other cryptocurrencies also move for a similar amount. What is the reason behind this? I almost see no point in investing in different cryptocurrencies, when it seems that when Bitcoin falls, Ethereum (or any other crypto) also falls.

Only reason I can figure out myself is because all cryptocurrencies belong into the same group of currencies, but is there something else that affects these same price changes?


texts:
I am trying to do solo mining with bfgminer but it does not seems to be working

./bfgminer --url 127.0.0.1:18443 --user test --pass test

On bitcoind logs I can see the request logs

2018-05-14T10:36:25Z Received a POST request for / from 127.0.0.1:43312

2018-05-14T10:36:25Z ThreadRPCServer method=getwork user=test

2018-05-14T10:36:57Z Received a POST request for / from 127.0.0.1:43330

2018-05-14T10:36:57Z ThreadRPCServer method=getblocktemplate user=test

2018-05-14T10:36:57Z Received a POST request for / from 127.0.0.1:43332

2018-05-14T10:36:57Z ThreadRPCServer method=getwork user=test

On bfgMiner I can see the following messages

[2018-05-14 16:10:49] No servers were found that could be used to get work from.

[2018-05-14 16:10:49] Please check the details from the list below of the servers you have input

[2018-05-14 16:10:49] Most likely you have input the wrong URL, forgotten to add a port, or have not set up workers

[2018-05-14 16:10:17] Pool: 0  URL: http://127.0.0.1:18443  User: test  Password: test

[2018-05-14 16:10:17] Pool: 1  URL:
http://localhost:8332/#getcbaddr#allblocks  User: test  Password: test

Any help


texts: Transaction marked as "Newly generated coins" on Blockchain.info

texts:
On blockchain.info I saw a transaction labeled as "No inputs (newly generated coins)". Are these new coins generated from mining?

How come that such a transaction can have 30 confirmations, while others only have six confirmations?


texts: When does signaling for SegWit start exactly?

texts:
I thought that signaling for SegWit (and other softforks deployed by means of BIP0009) would start with the first block after the Starttime defined in the BIP is reached.

Someone claimed that it only starts with the first difficulty retarget after the starttime. Is that true?


texts: What is the difference between P2SH redeem script on Bitcoin and on Litecoin?

texts:
I am building a service that is based on multisig wallets. My current progress is so that I've implemented the multisigs for Bitcoin network and it works fine. Now I am on Litecoin and I am facing some issues and would appreciate any help or guidance on that.

Disclaimer: This may be related to how Electrum-LTC works, I am not sure. I am happy to hear experts oppinion on that.

On Bitcoin network your multisig wallet is composed of 3 parts:

ScriptSig
  Signatures
  0 <Sig1> <Sig2> ... <SigM>

  Redeem script
  M <PubKey1> <PubKey2> ... <PubKeyN> N OP_CHECKMULTISIG

ScriptPubKey
  OP_HASH160 <Redeem script hash> OP_EQUAL

And that works just fine with my implementation. I can generate 2-of-2 multisig with Electrum (btc) and sign it with both keys, both with my code and with Electrum wallets. Outcome transaction in both cases is correct and accepted by network.

Now, for Litecoin I am using Electrum-ltc and the process is exactly the same. I can successfully generate multisig address on Litecoin

Suppose I Have following  Redeem script
  2 028c895128a8113bb5d599b4f463df685220ba726fc664013b3df56cb0bae74dc4 02c09fdcf2cd2281ac5d35dedb8b19499db847fad469c151428d28c9cf1aabf435 2 OP_CHECKMULTISIG

The address I see in Electrum-ltc matches the one I generated myself which tells me I am on the right way.

However, when I sing a transaction with wallet a redeem script in the transaction hex looks totally different and does not match my manually generated redeem script

Manually generated redeem script
5221028c895128a8113bb5d599b4f463df685220ba726fc664013b3df56cb0bae74dc42102c09fdcf2cd2281ac5d35dedb8b19499db847fad469c151428d28c9cf1aabf43552ae

broken apart
52 - OP_2
21028c895128a8113bb5d599b4f463df685220ba726fc664013b3df56cb0bae74dc4 - PubKey1
2102c09fdcf2cd2281ac5d35dedb8b19499db847fad469c151428d28c9cf1aabf435 - PubKey2
52 - OP_2
ae - OP_CHECKMULTISIG

And here is a redeem script that I get from Electrum-ltc once I signed transaction with one key

524c53ff0488b21e0000000000000000006a88a8afff7c30e2adc4ebee877e842b7868f11c6fafe5635fecd85337366bd802f8ecc3fc0be1c7b7d7bf4968df349845ede9dd6044beb0bcf25145612fa3b4e4000000002102c09fdcf2cd2281ac5d35dedb8b19499db847fad469c151428d28c9cf1aabf43552ae

broken apart
52 - OP_2
4c53ff0488b21e0000000000000000006a88a8afff7c30e2adc4ebee877e842b7868f11c6fafe5635fecd85337366bd802f8ecc3fc0be1c7b7d7bf4968df349845ede9dd6044beb0bcf25145612fa3b4e4000000002102c09fdcf2cd2281ac5d35dedb8b19499db847fad469c151428d28c9cf1aabf435
52 - OP_2
ae - OP_CHECKMULTISIG

So, what this thing the middle? And why it does not match my redeem script? Is this a bug with Electrum-ltc or I am missing something. Would appreciate any feedback.


texts: Is it possible for computing power to increase quick enough to break mining retargeting?

texts:
So from what I understand,  mining bitcoins basically becomes more difficult as more bitcoins are mined.  This is done so computing power doesn't get so strong that bitcoin mining becomes trivial to the point where people could mine 100's of bitcoins a day using their cell phone, for example.

Assuming that my understanding is correct,  do any of you math wizards out there know if there will ever come a time when the computing power is strong enough to make the mining time insignificant, or will the blockchain always be ahead so to speak because it becomes more complex as more bitcoins are found/rewarded/whatever?

Very curious about this.  Thank you for any answers.


texts: I am new to the bitcoin world and I am wondering why does some websites give me satoshies just by subscribing to it? (websites like moonbit).


texts: Unconfirmed Transaction? Money does not show in wallat

texts:
I have tried researching this, and still cannot find an optimal solution/explanation.

My Wallet ID: 16B64JvCNBDHsEXeuE6Ao4g1tZDb9zyyQ8
ID of the wallet I sent the money to (also mine) 1JeFKHt65R8pQjXhChZGsUGpHizYDPLeXZ
Transaction:ID: 98057df05a8df30beb338aac8183df82dc44a1300d141aac04b388be8005818c

The payment is still unconfirmed? It has been a full day now, and this is really needed.

Can anyone point me in the right direction, or a clue on the time frame this will take to be confirmed?

Any help is appreciated, thank you.


texts: Can't find correct z1 & z2 for transaction


texts: Is performance really important when choosing a language for a trading bot?

texts:
The C programming language outperforms interpreted languages such as Python or Ruby, but when it comes down to programming productivity, it is much easier/faster to write a Python program than a C program.

Considering that I want to write a trading bot, what would be the most appropriate language? If I use C, will I see a noticeable performance difference, or would the latency from HTTP calls make my decision time irrelevant?


texts: What actually happens in a basic DAO in ethereum?

texts:
I've had a look at the white paper but I fail to understand exactly what is happening on the code shown on the page.

As far as I understand this example manages shareholders. But, is it possible to store organisation data somewhere? I (honestly) don't understand this.


texts: Label and description visibility in transaction history

texts:
When I send a bitcoin payment I provide label and description for a transaction.
Is it possible to see these values on blockchain.info (or somewhere else) ? Or this information is available for receiver only?


texts: How can I import public keys into armory?

texts: I have a wallet on my phone and second, Armory wallet on my computer.  How can I import the public keys from my phone into Armory so that Armory can watch the balance.  I don't want to import the private keys, just the public ones.


texts: Where is bitcoin-qt's blockchain stored in Windows 7?

texts:
I need to manually resync from scratch due to a database corruption caused by windows auto-rebooting.

Where is the blockchain stored so I can delete it (and hopefuly prompt bitcoin qt from creating a new one)?

see Bitcoin QT error. How can I prevent corruption of database?


texts: Can difficulty target by exploited by miner with proprietary computer?

texts:
Assume a hypothetical situation where a researcher was able to develop a computer capable of 2,000 PH/s (the current network hashrate). During his first 2 weeks of mining, he would strike it rich as he would win 50% of block generations with 5 minutes per block.

After 2 weeks, the difficulty target would readjust, and this miner would no longer have an advantage.

However, for this next 2 week period, the miner sits out, waits 2 more weeks, and allows the network to re-adjust back to a higher target, at which point he re-enters and sweeps the rewards once more.

He repeats this cycle in perpetuity.

A solo miner with 2,000 PH/s seems infeasible, but what if a powerful mining pool were to pull this stunt — withdraw from mining for 2 weeks, allow for the difficulty target to re-adjust, and re-enter with a much easier difficulty?


texts: When spending a fraction of the coins in an address, can I send the remainder back to the same address?

texts: Lets say an address has 150 unspent BTC, and I want to transfer 50 BTC to someone else, can I send the remainder (100 BTC) back to the original address? Is this impossible, a bad idea or something that isn't done very often for some other reason?


texts:
I am running bitcoind, and I have cgminer solo-mining on it. I am mining on Testnet3. My hash rate (this is an OLD computer) is ~800Khash/s, so according to one online calculator I should be generating a block every 1.5hrs at difficulty 1. The difficulty has been one for quite some time now, and I still haven't gotten any blocks, though I have been mining for much more than 1.5hrs. More like 7 or 8 total I think.

What is wrong?


texts:
Previously I generated tx with CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY
Here is the transaction https://tchain.btc.com/bb1415c166fd9f767c06d34d539f4b110ef4445f74a76c5ffad1ded33032e872

It lock funds before block 1442909.
I create a new spend transaction.

When I trying to sign it:

bitcoin-cli -testnet signrawtransactionwithwallet "020000000172e83230d3ded1fa5f6ca7745f44f40e114b9f534dd3067c769ffd66c11514bb0000000000ffffffff01443dd200000000002676a92103e8546cfe53ca9014f6a352bc2e5c1f7cec1f5b344c73d4db3ed3b8f075d5c9ef88ac00000000"
{
  "hex": "020000000172e83230d3ded1fa5f6ca7745f44f40e114b9f534dd3067c769ffd66c11514bb0000000000ffffffff01443dd200000000002676a92103e8546cfe53ca9014f6a352bc2e5c1f7cec1f5b344c73d4db3ed3b8f075d5c9ef88ac00000000",
  "complete": false,
  "errors": [
    {
      "txid": "bb1415c166fd9f767c06d34d539f4b110ef4445f74a76c5ffad1ded33032e872",
      "vout": 0,
      "witness": [
      ],
      "scriptSig": "",
      "sequence": 4294967295,
      "error": "Locktime requirement not satisfied"
    }
  ]
}

I got "Locktime requirement not satisfied" ? The height of blockchain now is 1,442,912

What I'm doing wrong?


texts:
Let's consider a blockchain. They mining nodes are listening to transactions and every one is building is own block. Due to latency and other issues, every miner is probably building a different block, at a different speed. At this point, i have some questions:

1) When the consensus algorithm will start? There is like a timer? (For example: "every 10 minutes the consensus algorithm starts, with the purpose of putting a new block in the blockchain")

2) Can a miner create more than one block before the consensus algorithm start ? For example, it finishes a block and before this block goes under the consensus algorithm, it creates another one.

2) When the consensus algorithm start do it consider the blocks builded by all the miners ? And if some miner haven't finished building one's?

3) Is the order of transaction in a block important ? Must the transactions in the blocks respect the chronological order of the correnspondent "real" transaction (A sends 9 bitcoins to B) ?

Thanks


texts: P2SH (pay to script hash) within a script?

texts:
BIP16 P2SH defines special rules to apply on scripts with a specific pattern, namely:
OP_HASH160 <scriptHash> OP_EQUAL.

My question is: Can a P2SH be used within a script? So can I e.g. make a scriptPubKey:
<420000> OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY OP_DROP OP_HASH160 <scriptHash> OP_EQUAL?
Or must all additional opcodes be in the redeemScript so that the whole scriptPubKey follows the pattern mentioned in the BIP16 above?


texts: Check how many blocks dogecoind downloaded

texts:
I just started to run dogecoind, and I am wondering how I am able to check how many blocks I have currently downloaded vs. how many total blocks need to be downloaded?

I found this handy script for bitcoind, but unfortunately, it does not work for dogecoind.


texts:
To start things off I am new at this so bear with me...
I have bought coins through LocalBitCoins and sent them to my wallet (with 24 confirmations).

I am currently on Bitcoin Core with 2 years and 23 weeks behind Synchronizing. I heard you were able to send Bitcoins without actually being Synchronizing but whenever I try to send my funds elsewhere I get a "Insufficient funds exceeded" box. I go back to overview to see that my Bitcoins have not been transferred to my Bitcoin Core wallet yet probably prompting the insufficient funds.

I know waiting to finish Synchronizing is the better solution but I thought I was able to send the coins without being synchronized?


texts: While verifying previous blocks, how does the node know the difficulty at nth block?

texts:
A full node has the capability to verify every block starting from the genesis block up until the last block. It does this by hashing the block header and checking if the hash recorded in the block is same as the computed hash.
Except, the difficulty is not fixed and the number of leading 0s needed are different in different blocks. How does the validating node know that the nth block required k 0s at the beginning of the hash?

eg: An attacker can build an entire blockchain with initial blocks having only 2 or 3 0s which would be easy to compute. The blocks would be valid as the computed hash will match the recorded hash.


texts: Block Validation: who does it? How much it costs? And is it present in all protocols?

texts:
Different threads were posted in order to clear up this question, but there are some points that I would need to confirm:

When you become a full-node (NOT miner, you just downloaded the full blockchain with a wallet or smilar), are you automatically a validator? Meaning that every new block will be validated by you (and the rest of full-nodes) in order to publish to everyone else whether is trusted or not. Or it does not exist someone that can be only a "validator", and only miners can be also validators?
Does block validation process spend too much energy? Or validate blocks is not a "big deal"?
In protocols that use PoW and PoS/DPoS (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Cardano, EOS...), once a block has been constructed using one of those consensus methods and included into the chain, will be always being involved this "second" validation for the rest of the full-nodes in that particular blockchain network? (I suspect that this second validation could be work slightly different in each of them, but always including this validation for the rest of the nodes)
And finally: what happen if one full-node start to rejects new blocks (he/she considers that are not valid), but the rest of the nodes says that is correct? Imagine a troll/hacker that starts to say that all the nodes are invalid, can that people be banned? Or will be that person just ignored?


texts: How can I check where my bitcoins have gone to in my app?

texts:
help
I need to know where to go search my bitcoins after they entered my account on my bitcoin app...so far its two day still nothing showing....


texts: Which scripts are currently considered standard and therefore actually propagated?

texts: All I've learned about script so far is that while theoretically quite versatile (e.g. allowing multisignature transactions) most scripts are simply not propagated by the default client nodes, i.e. while you can easily transfer funds to a script, you may end up having a difficult time of ever spending these transactions. So, what makes a script standard/non-standard, is there a list of scripts currently supported by the network?


texts: How do I join the NXT 2.0 (Ardor) distribution if it isn't an ICO? And how does it affect NXT 1.0 holders?

texts: Can someone explain to me how to join the NXT 2.0 (Ardor) distribution? I've been reading you can't buy into the coin initially or can you? Also how does this affect NXT 1.0 system? It seems to be one of the first blockchain to implement a child-chain technology with Proof of Stake mining?


texts: Is the authentication system of the Bitcoin  SMS service PHONECO.IN adequate?

texts:
@osmosis made me aware of PHONECO.IN, which makes it possible to send Bitcoins via SMS. My question is whether their authentication system is adequate. From their website:

PhoneCo.in is designed to be easy to use and secure.  The server which processes your text message communicates with a separate server processing the bitcoin transaction.  The data from your text message is sent using AES-265 encryption and is signed using HMAC-SHA1.  This combination of security measures makes it very difficult to initiate a PhoneCo.in transaction in any way other than using a cell phone, as any requests to the bitcoin server must originate from the text message processing server.
We require you to reply with a 5 character confirmation code within 5 minutes when sending a payment.  This is necessary to verify that your phone has initiated the payment request (and that someone isn’t spoofing your phone number when contacting our server).  Spoofing another phone number is illegal in the United States and punishable with fines up to $10,000.  If you receive a confirmation code for a payment you didn’t initiate, contact us so we can help track the offender.


texts: Is it yet possible to send a message to the wallet which receives Bitcoin when making a transaction?

texts:
I wish to be able to do something like this:

bitcoin://anaddressgoeshere?message_to_wallet_owner=Keep+up+the+good+work,+dude!

After clicking that link, which opens the user's Bitcoin Core wallet, the user sees that message and can edit it freely, and then go through with the transaction. Now, the usual blockchain stuff happens, not storing that message in the blockchain. Considered "off far less importance" than the transaction, and to prevent abuse, this message flies around in the RAM of nodes on the Bitcoin network until I come back online and my wallet "receives"/sees the transaction, upon which point that message is fetched by my wallet and displayed to me in relation to the transaction, and then marked as "dropable" from the network.

That is, the blockchain does not store this message, and if I'm offline for longer than, let's say, a few weeks or so, I never receive the message. It doesn't "fly around" forever; it's merely a very useful extra feature for people who are online reasonably often, as I would be if I'm accepting donations/payments and want to know what exactly people are donating/paying for.

Having a "dynamic" website with a live database and dispensing unique receive addresses is simply not practical for a lot of people and situations. Even though I know how to do this technically, and have done it in the past, it's a major PITA as well as a massive headache of maintenance compared to a more "static" website which is generated as HTML files and uploaded in bursts. The latter is far more secure and thus desirable for me, and that's why this would be a great thing to me.

I assume that it doesn't exist, or if it does, it doesn't have support, but it would be really cool if it did.


texts: Exactly how does one calculate how many BTC they will get a certain hashrate?

texts: I am curious on how many estimated BTC I will earn at any hash rate since, I don't really think I'm really earning any BTC at 600 Mhash/s.


texts:
So I have a question regarding network connectivity within LN nodes.

Scenario #1:

I have public lightning network node. it has real public IP address (let's say 123.123.123.123), which one is announced in config file. also, there is a TOR service, with configured .onion service (let's say mynode.onion). On the nodes config file there is no proxy configuration, so my node communicates with the rest of the world using clearnet. So from the outside world my node is available on 123.123.123.123:9735 and mynode.onion:9735. While outgoing connections are made from 123.123.123.123.

Now I have a friend, who's also node operator. He's a paranoid (his node is only available as a TOR hidden service on friendsnode.onion) and needs some incoming capacity. As i understand (please correct me if i am wrong), the only way to open channel to him is possible that way:

connect from my friends node to my node using my clearnet IP
123.123.123.123
connect from my node to friends node using his node ID
open a channel to him, using his node ID

my question is:

what will happen in case of node restart or any other accidental event which can interrupt the current connection.
Will the nodes re-connect to each other without any manual operations?

Scenario #2:

I have two LN nodes on my LAN. each node has its local IP (let's say NodeA - 192.168.0.1 and NodeB - 192.168.0.2) and both nodes have their dedicated public ip (let's say 5.5.5.5 and 6.6.6.6). The nodes have in their config files announcing the real IPs, not local ones. I would like to create a channel NodeA -> NodeB, but want to do so using local addresses. So what i do:

on NodeA connect to NodeB id@192.168.0.2:9735
open a channel NodeA -> NodeB

my question is:

will it connect at all (not tested, but i assume - yes)
will the nodes reconnect correctly on restart? (is the NodeB connection network address stored in DB/config files on NodeA or is it retrieved from "announced" addresses somehow from NodeB each time? )
will be the LAN address of any node somehow visible to rest of the network? (assuming that beside NodeA<->NodeB channel there are non-related channels to  third-party public node from each node as well)

Appreciate your answers!

edit: formatted & fixed some typo


texts: Can we get a fixed rate of kWH to USD through bitcoin?

texts: Assuming the energy to bitcoin rate of your choosing, what is the cost of one kiloWatt Hour, in USD?


texts: Reusing same address on same/different recipient on security compromise?

texts:
Does it make a difference if I reuse the same bitcoin address with the same recipient or with a different recipient?

Example, I did a transaction with Alice with my ABC address.
Then...
Scenario A: I did my 2nd transaction with Alice (again) using the same ABC address.
Scenario B: I did my 2nd transaction with John using the same ABC address.

Will both scenarios compromise the security of my ABC address just the same, or will Scenario B impair the security much less?

In other words, can an attack/hack be done on my used address by anyone or just by the recipient/counterparty of the transaction?

Note:
This is not a question on being anonymous/private. This is a question on security/compromise.


texts: listreceivedbyaddress() does not return info about change addresses

texts:
listreceivedbyaddress() does not return info about the change addresses (m/84'/1'/0'/1/*)
, only about the receive addresses (m/84'/1'/0'/0/*).
However the command getreceivedbyaddress("address") correctly shows info about both the change and receive addresses.
The issue is the listreceivedbyaddress() result is more complete, with an array of txids while the getreceivedbyaddress() shows just the received amount.
How can be retrieved the received transactions for each used address, whether they are change ones or receive ones ?


texts: In overview, what is "Bitcoin Cash" and the hard fork on August 1st 2017?

texts:
In overview, what is Bitcoin Cash? How is it different from legacy bitcoin? What is the blockchain hard fork which was supposed to happen on August 1st, 2017? Who benefits from the fork?  Who is disadvantaged?  Why is Bitcoin Cash important? Why is the fork event important?  Is this related to Segmented Witness (SegWit) and the debate on block size?

How will I know that the fork actually happened?

I am seeing questions and answers that assume this knowledge, but I don't see a good overview explanation here. I think bitcoin.stackexchange.com will benefit from having a good overview.

I ask as someone with general knowledge of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, and blockchain technology. But I have not followed the ins and outs of the Bitcoin community's debates recently.


texts: Bitcoin HD wallet forwarder without depending on a 3rd party?

texts:
I want to setup a REST API service that does 3 simple things.

Ask it to generate a new address (ideally from a BIP32 xpub key tree)
Notify my server application when a deposit and confirmation X happens.
Once the deposit is confirmed, forward the funds to another address and invoke a script in PHP or node.

I was originally going down the bitcoind walletnotify route but a few issues popped up (namely no HD support, scalability of having 10000's of addresses being monitored on a bitcoind is apparently a bad idea??  Is this true?).

I've therefore been setting up Ubuntu as a server and looking at bitcore + bitcoind with node.js to solve this which is painful on v14.04 for some reason... am I barking up the wrong tree and/or is there an easier approach?  I can't believe I'm the only one who's needing this so feel like I'm missing an obvious trick here as it's like pulling teeth.

I don't want to rely on a 3rd party server because if they disappeared I don't want to risk my business collapsing overnight.  I am happy using 3rd party code base or servers if they are open source though.  I've used blockchain.info's API previously which was excellent but really want an in house solution.


texts: How to produce a Hash160 bitcoin address?

texts:
tl;dr
How should one perform Hash160, using most basic tools?

====================================================

Hi,

I'm trying to figure out, how transactions work in bitcoin.

When I choose inputs for a new tx I want to make sure they belong to a specific address. However, existing txs do not specify previous outputs' addresses, but instead they contain address' hashes.

e.g.:

>> bx fetch-tx 11a1b7ac0a65bd50b7094c720aecd77cfd83d84b1707960fd00dd82a888aab5c --config /home/theo/Desktop/bx-testnet.cfg

{
    hash 11a1b7ac0a65bd50b7094c720aecd77cfd83d84b1707960fd00dd82a888aab5c
    inputs
    {
        input
        {
            address_hash f3b7278583827a049d6be894bf7f516178a0c8e6
            previous_output
            {
                hash 4a3532061d43086299ae9b2409a456bb9638dff32e0858c4ccda27203fb2e4f6
                index 1
            }
            script "[30440220146b8b5b014245a9e27e21122d4dded04c3f39c3a49ac2494743d6f6ae8efff602206d417a4be9c7431ea69699132438510ade1cf8d746607f77d114907762ed1eb301] [023dd2e892290e41bb78efce6ea30a97015ef13eaaa9ebb7b0514485fc365cc391]"
            sequence 4294967295
        }
    }
    lock_time 0
    outputs
    {
        output
        {
            address_hash a73706385fffbf18855f2aee2a6168f29dbb597e
            script "dup hash160 [a73706385fffbf18855f2aee2a6168f29dbb597e] equalverify checksig"
            value 130000000
        }
        output
        {
            address_hash ad6e80394af99ece5d7701bf2f457480b93965b7
            script "dup hash160 [ad6e80394af99ece5d7701bf2f457480b93965b7] equalverify checksig"
            value 49525957813
        }
    }
    version 1
}

Say, I want to check which of the outputs can be sent from address mvm74FACaagz94rjWbNmW2EmhJdmEGcxpa
So I take its Hash160 in Python:

>> hashlib.new('ripemd160', hashlib.sha256("mvm74FACaagz94rjWbNmW2EmhJdmEGcxpa".encode('utf-8')).digest()).hexdigest()
'748598cd9b004aecf8a2d97464fb1f2a90562ffe'

That is not the result I expected: a73706385fffbf18855f2aee2a6168f29dbb597e

Meanwhile, this online service calculates hash correctly.

How do I Hash160 a bitcoin address, preferably in Python?


texts: What advantages does Armory have over Bitcoin-Qt? Just better multisig support? Armory runs bitcoind.


texts: Moving funds from MultiBit 0.5.18 into new Software (Electrum)

texts:
Since Multibit support has ended I want to move my funds to a new software. As far as I've seen Electrum is recommended for this purpose. I've followed instructions from the answer of Dr.Bob https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/57325/113828 in this question.
Now I've a Electrum 4.0.9 wallet with status [imported] and it displays the correct amount of credits at the bottom of Electrum.
Can I now leave things as they are and I've switched successfully to Electrum? And I can use it for upocming sendings and receivings? I just want to make sure sure that someday my funds won't be inaccessible since Multibits support has ended.


texts: Does mining power of different miners add up in mining pools?

texts:
I have this doubt regarding bitcoin mining, assuming I have two miners of hashpower 500 H/s .

Can I add up my hashpower and make it work like a single processor of 1000H/s
OR
Both both miners would be acting independently?

According to what I have read, option 1 is how it takes place.

So this means a mining pool has combined power of all the associated miners and working on one block?
OR
All miner are working on different block of their own ??

According to what I have learnt, option 3 is how it takes place.

Now, referring to the attached chart by blockchain.info and assuming option 1 & 3 for the questions
Only top 3-4 mining pools should be making profit. Relatively other miners have a very low probability with available hashpower to mine a block. And say for profit if all the miners decide to join big mining pools, eventually the network will become centralized.


texts: How to securely store Bitcoin server-side?

texts: I am working on a web application that needs to hold users Bitcoin for an extended amount of time (escrow-like scenario), and I was wondering what are some good steps/precautions and principles (dos & dont's) to do this securely. This is mostly in regards to security, so things like individual vs single server-side wallet etc. My thoughts thus far is that I probably should not have all the eggs in one basket, so something like generating a new random wallet per transaction server-side, and encrypt the private keys with a two-way algorithm before they are stored in the database, perhaps combined with user password so given the encryption function ENCRYPT(password,data) it would be: ENCRYPT(HASH(hard-coded password+user password+random salt+pepper),  private key).


texts: Where does the extended block in a segwit transaction get stored?

texts: I understand where normal blocks get stored. They’re passed along and saved by various nodes. What about the extended blocks of a segwit transaction.


texts: Where can I learn the basics of making a wallet site?

texts: So like lets say I want to make a website that accepts btc deposits and withdrawals like this https://www.cryptonator.com/ where would i learn how to do that where do i go to learn the basics? I know this is quite a basic question but it is hard for me to know where to look for this in the pandemic finding a job has not been very easy and i need something to keep me going.


texts: QR Scan "Unrecognized format" mycelium "Mastering Bitcoin'

texts:
Noobie here.
In Ch. 2 of Antonopoulos' "Mastering Bitcoin", I try to scan figure 2-2 (per his instruction) using a recently installed Mycelium on my Android.

Why do I keep getting "Unrecognized format"? How do I properly scan this?


texts: How can I set the transaction fee when creating a transaction through Bitcoin-cli commands?

texts:
I want to run the following command via bitcoin-cli:

./bitcoin-cli sendfrom "10302c02147e2948cbejd9a2bd80d9691ef08a6a4d416c2bb602143a4anj06b90e" "32cjBTQkfLBp38ixj7hdjk0cc90VPPnwhQ" 3.04384215

(Note the account and address to above are not real, as I edited the info)

What I want to understand is, how do I add the fee to the transaction? On the API calls list, I found the command settxfee and amount

But where do I put this in the command? Also, the option of GUI and other wallets or sort is not an option. I have to run this via command line.

And bonus question: Where can I find out what the fee should be to clear within one block?


texts: MultiBit won't open, says "Java not installed"

texts: My MultiBit wallet won't open, because "Java is not installed", though I have Java 8, 7u51, and 6u49 installed... Which version of Java should I have installed?


texts: Why are the offers to buy Bitcoin on Bisq always way over the market price?

texts:
I sometimes look at the market price for 1 Bitcoin and think it's low. Then I look at the (SEPA, EUR) offers to buy Bitcoin on Bisq. The best ones are a thousand USD over the market price. It feels really bad to take such offers, but I have no other choice, so I always end up doing so.
Is this just because so few people use Bisq? Do centralized marketplaces always let you buy at (basically) the exact market place?


texts: Ripple: How is an UNL (unique node list) constructed?

texts:
I am interested in UNL construction.
If some server S is on the UNL of server T, does this imply that server T is on the UNL of server S?
Or in other words if I constructed an UNL graph would it be a directed graph?


texts:
I have a wallet running on a raspbery pi and the SD card hit the skids, fortunatley I have a backup of the .iso from 1 month ago so I have recovered the entire state as of that time.

My only concern is over the keypool.  I had increasead it to 1000 because I was testing issung a lot of transactions, my keypool was down to around 800 before my issue required the backup.  Now my keypool is at 970 (as it was a month ago) and Im trying to figure out if thats going to cause a problem when a key that is already used in an existing TX is to be used again?


texts: Is there a way for merchants to insist on a tx fee to increase likelihood of the tx (eventually) being accepted into the blockchain?

texts:
I understand that some transactions may never get into a block, esp those with zero fee or with a fee below the current suggested minimum (which makes me wonder about tx fee inflation, but that's another Q).

Can a merchant accepting BTC for small purchases say, in effect, "I'll accept your $3 BTC payment for a coffee with zero block confirmations but I do want to see that you sent it with at least x Satoshis of fee?" Or perhaps this is already the case?

If this does, or were to happen, what mechanism(s) would the merchant use in order to get this small assurance?


texts: I sent bitcoin to someone and did not get paid

texts: I sent Bitcoin to someone who promised to pay me in cash personally once he received the Bitcoin in his BitPay wallet. But once he got the Bitcoin, I  never got paid by him. Is there anyway I can do something about this matter?


texts:
I have several coins in one exchange, and I want to withdraw them to my hardware wallet. The issue is, that the fees that I am asked to pay are actually higher than the total value of the coins.
Is there a way to move coins that do not rely on an exchange?


texts: Are there any tools to visualize where the transactions are coming from and going to?

texts: We spent some time doing the visualization of the transaction flow between bitcoin wallets https://bitviz.visalyze.com and wanted to know if there are any tools that can not only track, but also visualize where the transactions are coming from and going to?


texts: Are higher versions of segregated witness script non-standard?

texts: My understanding is that only version 0 is defined but other versions are considered valid to allow extensions using soft forks, but are they non-standard at the moment?


texts: What JSON RPC commands are suitable for a multi-tenant wallet service?

texts:
I'm looking at the JSON-RPC commands available in the QT client so I can create a multi-tenant wallet service on top of it.  In other words, people would sign up for my site and have the ability to create a wallet, with its own address.

One concern I have is that a "change" address would be created and wouldn't go into an account I expect and therefore I need to have a way to manage this in my application.

Question

What JSON RPC commands should (or expressly shouldn't) be used in the above scenario? ... what additional considerations apply?

For example, suppose I want to do a M of N or multisig hosted wallet.  Would those commands "play nicely" with change address?

Should I export the private key from the wallet, and only import it when it's being used/spent?

In my research I've discovered that  getaddressesbyaccount only returns one Base58 address per "text name" in my QT client.  I don't understand the conditions when this will be populated with more than one address, if I can manually make this have more than one address (for testing).


texts: Integrate Bitcoin node RPC with website API

texts:
I am currently using block.io however with their "low" tag fee transactions are still $2+ and they do not offer a way to set custom withdraw fees in their API.

I'm not too sure what my options are but I want to look into setting up my own Bitcoin node/wallet on an external server that we can integrate with our dashboard.

I have a few questions:

1) How would I go about doing it?

2) How many hours would it take for someone with limited experiance? (I will probably be paying someone)

3) Right now block.io is nice because we have unlimited addresses I presume this wont be a problem with the RPC server?


texts: What are the potential attacks against ECDSA that would be possible if we used raw public keys as addresses?

texts: According to this answer about why addresses are hashes rather than public keys there are potential attacks that are possible if you have the public key rather than the address, what are these attacks? If one was writing a cryptocurrency would you advise against the addresses being the public key encoded in base58 with a checksum on the end? why?


texts: Can I cancel an offline transaction with this approach? (opposite of nLocktime)

texts:
I would like to cancel a transaction I sent offline, and am looking for ways to prevent it from being accepted by the network.

Will the Bitcoin client prohibit the entire Tx if there is even on input that is already spent?

If the answer to that question is "yes", then what if I created "control addresses as follows:

Generate 10,000 addresses and send each 0.0001 BTC
After N confirmations pass, create an offline transaction
Consume one of the balances in step 1 above in the offline Tx

I suspect either one of the two scenarios will occur:

User broadcasts offline Tx, and completes the Tx
I spend the balance of the "control address", and when the user tries to spend the offline tx, they are denied because one of the inputs it refers to has already been spent.
???

Question

Is this a correct approach to canceling offline transactions?
What optimizations can be made?  I dislike having the overhead of having to sign each control input with a new private key each time.


texts: Get crypto-currency price at a timestamp without limits

texts:
I'm trying to get the price of a crypto-currency at a specific timestamp. So I used the API cryptocompare :

https://www.cryptocompare.com/api/#

For example :

https://min-api.cryptocompare.com/data/pricehistorical?fsym=ETH&tsyms=USD&ts=mytimestamp

This solution works well but I have some issues related to the limitation of the API.

I need to get the price more than 26k times and unfortunately this API won't let me do as many requests.

It returns me this error :

  {"Response":"Error","Type":99,"MaxLimits":{"Minute":300,"Second":15,"Hour":8000},"Message":"Rate
  limit
  excedeed!","Aggregated":false,"Data":[],"YourCalls":{"hour":{"Histo":16},"minute":{"Histo":16},"second":{"Histo":16}}}

Do you have a solution to avoid that ? Is there a way to get all the prices in only one request ?

Someone as mentionned that on reddit : https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/6xbwxp/ethereum_price_history_api/

But I didn't find how to do it.


texts:
My understanding is the when you are mining bitcoin you are looking for a string, or maybe a binary number (a) such that if you 'add' a to the block (b) you get a number (c) whose hash begins with a bunch of zeros.
My question is: Say I know that the message b 'added' with the number a gets mapped to my desired output. Why is it not possible for me, given a different block (b2) to find a corresponding number (a2), such that the hash of the result will map to the same number c?
What is the operation that combines the block b with the number a that makes this impossible? Is it simple appending?


texts:
I have some security concerns with walletpassphrase:

If it stores the passphrase for some unit of time. ie. so you can send funds, surely if the server is compromised, within that timeframe, the attacker can obtain the passphrase in its raw format?
If I have somehow misunderstood, ie. perhaps the raw passphrase isn't easily accessible (how?), an attacker could still empty the wallet within that timeframe seeing as the wallet is in an decrypted state.

All roads are leading me to use bitcoin libraries that allow me to create transactions and sign them using encrypted private keys that are only decryptable at the time of signing. I feel way more comfortable using my node for transaction broadcasting / indexing capabilities. Rather than leveraging its in-built wallet.


texts: How to Validate Signature with SigScript length 8b?


texts: No transactions are showing on my Blockchain page

texts: I'm new to this but I know how to use the request button on BlockChain to receive money? The Bitcoin was sent  to the address I provided and I didn't get it. I've received money before and sent money and none of this is showing. Transactions aren't even showing on my blockchain home page. I've always used the same email address. There is always change in my Blockchain account and that not there is either. I done this over may 7times probably and never had an issue. Was I hacked? The day I requested the money I thought it was odd that no change was in there because there is always 95 cent to 50 cents in the blockchain. Because the money was sent 10 days ago. The company sent me all the information and I've never had any issue before with blockchain. Can somebody help? NO TRANSACTIONS are showing up in my whole time using blockchain and I find that odd.


texts: Why can we have small fractions of a Bitcoin?

texts:
I didn't study the inner workings of Bitcoin (yet), but already since when I just started using it, I wondered why a Bitcoin can be split up in parts.
Because there is a limit on the amount of Bitcoin that can be mined ever, fractioning Bitcoins is a huge advantage, especially if it's popularity increases.
Is there a limit on splitting Bitcoins into pieces?

EDIT:
I just found in this answer that BTC has a maximum of 8 decimals. Is it a good assumption then that every "BTC" consists of 10^8 smaller parts? So every block does not consist of 50 1-BTC parts, but 50*10^8 smaller parts?


texts: How to setup bitcoind 10.2 for solo mining on LAN with Bitmain S3

texts:
Hy there,
i do not exactly know if i am right with my setup, so please be patient with my questions as a noob.
I have a Bitmain S3 with latest Firmware on the ASIC, and i do not exactly know how to configure the ASIC for solo mining in my LAN.

1.) I have a linux bitcoind server in my lan with the IP 192.168.1.1

2.) I have an ASIC bitmain S3 with the IP 192.168.2.2

3.) I have a bitcoin.conf as follows

server=1
daemon=1
listen=1
rpcuser=USER
rpcpassword=SOMEWILDDIGITS
rpcallowip=127.0.0.1
rpcallowip=192.168.2.2
rpcport=8332

4.) What statements do i need in the S3 configuration field? Do i need the rpcsuser+rpcpwd+btcaaddress or do i just need the btcaddress?

Thanks in advance for your awnsers!!!


texts: Which wallet application lets you send to multiple output addresses with just 1 fee?

texts:
Which wallet applications lets you send to multiple addresses from one output? I'm looking to build a physical bitcoin kiosk faucet and was looking to see how I would avoid miner fees if i combined all the faucet output addresses into just 1 transaction.

I'm sure you can do it with bitcoin core, but was wondering if other wallet apps like blockchain.info and others can do the same?

And what would the command be to send a transaction with multiple output addresses for bitcoin core?


texts: Keep Wallet Safe While Entering United States

texts: I'll be traveling to the United States soon, and I've read that civil asset forfeiture laws may allow customs agents to take/keep crypto currencies.  Is there an easy way to keep my wallet safe from confiscation? I have a Trezor, but I'm not sure how best to travel with it. Should I keep coins on an exchange while traveling? Move them to a paper wallet or my laptop?


texts: I just got a bitcoin qt wallet today and I have already sent the money, it is taking to long to to though so if I dump my key and import it to an e-wallet like blockchain.info, will my coins still show up?


texts: BFL 7GH Jalapeno suddenly trips circuit breaker, what can I do?

texts:
After chugging along just fine (though never at full advertised GHps always 6.5 instead of 7), my Butterfly Labs jalapeno suddenly started to persistently trip the circuit breaker all of a sudden, even if I plug it into a plug in another room, on another circuit.
The thing that seems to be important is that when the USB cable is plugged into the PC it trips the circuit and not when it is just pulling power from the outlet with no USB connection.
It was not overheating (Around 115F), and up until last night it never happened - now it happens no matter what..


texts: Accessing certain parts from the 'listunspent' array

texts:
I am developing a web application in PHP. I wish to be able to detect incoming transactions whenever they come, by using the 'listunspent' Bitcoin JSON RPC call. As expected, a long list of transactions are spewed out. My problem is that I don't see how I would be able to deal with each of the transactions in the array. I tried using this code to test with at first:

function processTransaction() {
    global $bitcoin;
    $unspent = $bitcoin->listunspent();
    $address = $unspent['address'];
    echo $address;
}

However, as expected, the function does not work. I am guessing that I would have to loop through the entire 'unspent' array and deal with each transaction individually. This is where I get stuck. How do I select or loop through this entire array?

Also, once I have dealt with a transaction, is there a way to mark the transaction as 'spent'? Is there a way to do this without having to send the coins to another wallet?

The kind of code I think I would have to use is something similar to this:

function processTransaction() {
    global $bitcoin;
    $unspent = $bitcoin->listunspent();

        foreach ($unspent as $address) {
            //...do something with the address
            //...mark transaction as 'spent'
        }
}

(Just so that you are in context with the question, here is a brief overview of the site I am developing. The site is called 'Vertodds' and what it is, is a gambling site. You enter in your Vertcoin address and a new unique deposit address is created for you. You can then deposit VTC into your unique deposit address, and there is a 49% chance of doubling your coin.)

Thank you very much for your time and knowledge.


texts: Does blockchain.info show balances for addresses that are in cold storage?

texts:
If a miner mined a large amount of coins and these coins were stored offline once generated, would the balance of the addresses that hold these coins still be viewable on a blockexplorer like blockchain.info if you had the public address?

Or would a person need to use something like bitcoin core or bitcoind and add the address as a watch only address and call getbalance?

I'm trying to verify if a seller actually has the coins they claim to have. They apparently can show the wallets and their balances to the person interacting with them in the office now using bitcoin core. But is there any way for me in another country to confirm that what my colleague views is actually accurate and correct?


texts: What's needed to host a competitive game site

texts:
Let's say I wanted to host a site in which

users create their own accounts
they deposit bitcoins in said accounts
a commission of, say, 0.05% is kept of all the bitcoins that are deposited in the site
users play a competitive game with each other (e.g. chess, or others for more players) for a bet
the winner gets the full bet
each user can withdraw their bitcoins any time they want

This, I figure, would be quite hard to get right due to all of the different aspects involved, such as user trust, security and technicalities.

My questions are:

How do current betting sites handle the deposits/withdrawals of bitcoins, and how do they keep a commission out of it?
Any small site could rely on trust and do this in a manual fashion, but I'd assume any professional site does not handle this manually. So, is there an existing library (I'll use Node.js, in case it matters) or third-party service for this? And should the bitcoins be stored in a conventional offline wallet(s)?
And last, is there a way to "prove" that the games are fair in order to establish trust? Are there any legal requirements regarding to this?


texts:
I have a quick rather "noob" question about MtGox. I've noticed many reports about MtGox being very slow at "paying out" usd, and have seen many people suggesting that you should transfer your bitcoins to Coinbase before selling them, so you can get your USD faster.

However I have a simpler question, if I want to sell a bitcoin on mtgox, am I "stuck"? Meaning if I sell 1 bitcoin for, example ($1000 usd), would the 1000 usd immediately be tried to be put into my bank account and then be "on hold"? Or could I take that 1000 usd and immediately buy another 1 bitcoin about 5 minutes later when it is $900.

I am basically trying to evaluate the possibility of a "quick turnaround" on MtGox buying and selling bitcoins, the equivalent of a "Day Trader" in the stock market

Thanks!


texts: Are bitcoins really immune to inflation?

texts:
I see people everywhere saying that bitcoins are immune to inflation but nobody has explained it adequately to me. I understand why bitcoins would be more or less immune to inflation cause in increased money supply - because there's a fixed money supply forever. But what about hyper-inflation caused by confidence crisis?

Any currency have worth if people are willing to accept it. And how much would a bitcoin be worth is exactly how much goods would people accept to trade for one unit of bitcoin. If for any reason people start to think that bitcoins are worthless, its buying power will diminish and you will have inflation! I don't see how this can be avoided.

Is there something I'm not seeing? Where's the catch? Why are bitcoins  immune to inflation?


texts: Why is mining which seems to be a software activity create bitcoins which is actually equal to currency?

texts:
I cant get around the fact that bitcoins are "created" by "mining", which seems to be software/computation activity.
In the non-bit world, we always convert one form of value into another, like wood, gold, oil, effort to make things out of these ... looks like mining is creating bitcoins,  why is a value in hard currency attached to mining which translates to bitcoin ? but if no one wanted  the mined bitcoin, wouldnt it become useless

Isnt it like saying , dollars are hidden in a packet , if you can open the packet you get dollars .... but such dollars cant come out of thin air, someone used something to create the dollars that he put inside the packet. What is the source of truth of bitcoin, how did bitcoin come into existence without backing from hard currency ???


texts: What do I need to know about mining difficulty before starting a bitcoin mining startup?

texts: I am working towards starting a bitcoin mining startup in China. I can do the profitability from various calculators available online but I need to know about the difficulty level. The difficulty level has increased in the past, causing dedicated devices like antminer s1 to become obsolete. What should I know about difficulty?


texts: Is the minimum amount of money required to purchase >50% hash power equal to max worth of all existing bitcoins?

texts:
20 BFL Bitforce Mini Rigs (each, $30k) will give about 30THash/Sec hash power for $600k. That's way above 60% of hash power of then total 51THash/Sec.

10.694M total Bitcoin * $18.5 current mtgox best ask rate = $197.839M

So, BFL should ship at least 6595 such miners, or price it based on, (total worth of all Bitcoin / no of miners planned to ship).

Does this mean, these miners priced so low, or currently bitcoins comparatively valued so high? Or, these two parameters just unrelated?

Please note that these miners are yet to be shipped.


texts: Why hasn't cold storage (offline signing) been supported by Bitcoin Core (GUI) up till now (0.19.0.1)?

texts:
Is there any deep reason not to support this? Or is this merely a "good idea, but no volunteers" situation?

By the way, although Bitcoin Core had supported BIP32 several years ago, it uses hardened derivation for addresses, which makes it impossible for the watch-only side to derive new addresses for receiving/change, or used addresses to watch transaction history and final balance.


texts:
What is the minimum energy (or CPU operations) required for someone to confirm one block on their own, to launch a double-spend attack?

How can I calculate this from the current difficulty or hashrate?


texts: How can I see how many active connections there are on Linux?


texts: What happens to the mining reward if the blocks gets replaced?

texts:
When a block is added to the blockchain, the miner gets rewarded. But what would happen to the mining reward if the network replaced the block's branch with another because the latter is longer? If it was legit then how would the miner reference to the block which generated his coin?

P.S. - I'm new to SE, so I really don't know much about it.


texts: it seems i bought bitcoins but they weren't associated to by wallet.. is this possible?

texts: my wallet has the same receiving address in the unused addresses as the bitcoin transaction in the blockchain however the bitcoins are not in my wallet. How can I recover them.


texts: Is it possible to calculate the difficulty purely by the number of blocks generated in e.g. 3 month and the staring difficulty?

texts:
The background of this question is wether the distribution of the block generation does matter? Lets say we have a period of 12 weeks. If the number of blocks created in this time is 6*2016 then the difficulty should not change. If the number of blocks is (6*2016)*1,1 (10% more) the difficulty what have risen 6 times by 10%. This both statements should be true if the generation of the blocks is (more or less) equally distributed over the time.

I wonder now if this is true for different distributions.

I know there are this limits in difficulty adjustment (4 and 1/4) but if they are not reached it should be possible?


texts: Pregenerate multiple receiving addresses

texts: In bitcoind I can generate addresses one by one. Is there a functionality that helps me generate 250 receiving-addresses for my wallet.dat at once?


texts: How to watch for the transactions over blockchain via nodejs?

texts:
I am using this bitcore npm package.
https://bitcore.io/api/lib

And i want to monitor all the transactions over the blockchain, and read the input address, output address and amount associated with that transaction.

But i am unable to find the javascript method to invoke to accomplish this.
Even i am not able to find a example for this.

I am looking for as short as something like

var someLib = require('some-bitcore-lib')

someLib.on('block-recieved', function(){
   // print everything
   console.log(arguments);
   // do something else;
})

Any help?
Where can i find that some-bitcore-lib or how can i create that in nodejs?


texts: How to convert a transaction into hex before using the sendrawtransaction API?


texts:
I am writing a Business plan and attempting to make some financial projections based upon the population of bitcoin users, has anyone publicly produced any estimate as of 2014 of how many active users are within the bitcoin ecosystem?
If not, has any project, research paper or organisation attempted a partial count or proposed a methodology for counting the amount of users in the ecosystem?


texts: If I am spending multiple inputs from the same address, must I provide a signature for each input?

texts:
Suppose I have two inputs belonging to the same address.

Do I need to provide a signature script for each input that proves that I own it? Wouldn't that waste space? Also, in the standard client, are the signatures exactly the same, or are they two different but valid signatures?
Or can I prove that I own that address just once?


texts: What's the purpose of the WalletLocator field in Ripple accounts?

texts:
https://ripple.com/wiki/Transaction_Format#AccountSet_.283.29 defines  a field "WalletLocator" (256 bits) in Ripple's AccountSet transaction. That means that the field belongs to an account, and the owner of the account can set this field to whatever value they want.

Currently, it's not yet implemented in the client code but in the server code. I'm not able to make sense of the name "WalletLocator", and the code doesn't provide an explanation either.

What's the purpose of the field?


texts: What wallets are affected by the NPM package vulnerability?

texts:
Recently, a vulnerability was found in an open-source project used by some bitcoin wallet software (such as CoPay and BitPay).

Are there any other wallets known to be affected by this vulnerability?

If I am a user of this software, what steps can I take to secure my bitcoin?


texts: How can one join and leave Blockchain network?

texts:
As a newbie, it seems a bit abstract for me to imagine how Blockchain works! I'm curious that how my friends and I can join a Blockchain network? When we don't want to stay, can we silently leave and how can we do that?
Well, they may be stupid questions but as a beginner, I really want to understand them as clearly as possible.
Thanks a lot for your help


texts: firstly, a very, very newcomer to this space, and don't have any knowledge of its operation at all. I have been corresponding with individuals regarding recovery of scammed funds which are currently stored as BTC.  I've been told I need to pay 0.19258 BTC to activate the transaction as the account has been suspended because of missing turnover.  I have the details of the hash, which lists 18 different transactions for a total of 4.35 BTC.  Can I send this to my account?  I sure hope the answer is ýes' and if so, how do I go about it?  TIA.


texts:
I know how to create a basic TX:

var bitcoin = require('bitcoinjs-lib')

var tx = new bitcoin.Transaction()

// Add the input (who is paying) of the form [previous transaction hash, index of the output to use]
tx.addInput("aa94ab02c182214f090e99a0d57021caffd0f195a81c24602b1028b130b63e31", 0)

// Add the output (who to pay to) of the form [payee's address, amount in satoshis]
tx.addOutput("THEADDRESS", 15000)

// Initialize a private key using WIF
key = bitcoin.ECKey.fromWIF("L1uyy5qTuGrVXrmrsvHWHgVzW9kKdrp27wBC7Vs6nZDTF2BRUVwy")

// Sign the first input with the new key
tx.sign(0, key)

// Print transaction serialized as hex
console.log(tx.toHex())
// => 0100000001313eb630b128102b60241ca895f1d0ffca2170d5a0990e094f2182c102ab94aa000000008a47304402200169f1f844936dc60df54e812345f5dd3e6681fea52e33c25154ad9cc23a330402204381ed8e73d74a95b15f312f33d5a0072c7a12dd6c3294df6e8efbe4aff27426014104e75628573696aed32d7656fb35e9c71ea08eb6492837e13d2662b9a36821d0fff992692fd14d74fdec20fae29128ba12653249cbeef521fc5eba84dde0689f27ffffffff01983a0000000000001976a914ad618cf4333b3b248f9744e8e81db2964d0ae39788ac00000000

// You could now push the transaction onto the Bitcoin network manually (see https://blockchain.info/pushtx)

But I didn't find out how I could create a OP_RETURN transaction with bitcoinjs-lib in Node.js. Does anyone know?


texts: Bitcoin transaction priority calculation

texts:
From the Bitcoin wiki page on transaction fees:

  Transaction priority is calculated as a value-weighted sum of input
  age, divided by transaction size in bytes:

  priority = sum(input_value_in_base_units * input_age)/size_in_bytes
  Transactions need to have a priority above 57,600,000 to avoid the
  enforced limit

Can somebody clarify what input_value_in_base_units or input_age is?


texts: bitcoin-cli "error: couldn't connect to server"

texts:
I'm trying to connect to a Bitcoin Core on Windows 10. I start it with this command:

.\bitcoin-qt.exe --server --rest --rpcport=54352 --rpcuser=admin --rpcpassword=admin123

Using netstat -an I see that it indeed is listening on requested port

TCP    127.0.0.1:54352        0.0.0.0:0              LISTENING

However, trying to connect with bitcoin-cli using this command:

.\bitcoin-cli.exe getinfo --rpcport=54352 --rpcuser=admin --rpcpassword=admin123

results in this error:

error: couldn't connect to server

What am I doing wrong?


texts: After sweeping an address I've received a tiny amount on both the address I swept and the dest of the sweep

texts: For some time now I've had a small amount sitting in a legacy address, and I finally decided to sweep it and send the amount less the fee to another address. I chose a small fee, to not spend more on the fee than on what was sent. The transaction got stuck, hovering around 20mb from the tip, neither getting evicted nor moved forward. So eventually I decided to try ViaBTC's free accelerator. This is the only step I took that I've never done before, and that's why I mention it. It worked well, and the next block they got included my transaction. However, just 30 minutes after it had been confirmed, I received an even smaller amount (3 digit Satoshi) to both the address I swept and the one I sent to. I don't have a problem abandoning a three digit Satoshi amount, but I'm puzzled by this. It's never happened to before, and the only thing I did differently was using the acceleration service. I have a hard time believing that they'd reward me for using a free service, but as I said, that's the only thing I did differently. Do they really reward using the free service, or should I suspect some kind of foul play?


texts: Trying to get BCC in ElectronCash - but after priv keys import - empty wallet

texts:
I exported the private keys from Electrum, where I had BTC.
Then I send these BTC to a different wallet.
Then I tried to import these keys in Electron Cash. It worked, but the wallet is empty.

Any idea what I did wrong? What can I do now?

===
UPDATE

I tried to import all my priv keys to Bitcoint ABC.
WIth each priv key I imported a rescan took place, so it took 2-3 days to import all the priv keys (after rescan "null" appeared). However my balance is still zero.

I then imported the address in which there should be funds. And yes, the funds appeared, however in "watch-only". Not spendable.

If I try to re-import the key for this address I get null.
If I try to import the key with the true parameter, still I get immediately true without any new rescan.

If I check this address in blockchair.com I see that the funds are still there and not spent. There is a blue X on "spent?" column.

Any idea?


texts: Why are imported private keys stored to addressbook instead to recieving wallet?

texts:
I followed this guide to import private keys which I generated with vanitygen into litecoin-qt.

walletpassphrase yourLongPassphrase 300
importprivkey yourPrivateKeyInWalletImportFormat

But now - why are imported private keys stored to addressbook instead of local recieving addresses in litecoin-qt?

That's a bit confusing. Can I recieve payments to that generated addresses now as the addresses where default wallet addresses?


texts: Understanding bitcoin-cli commands walletlock and walletpassphrase

texts:
I am trying to understand two commands listed in the following link.

1. walletpassphrase

Stores the wallet decryption key in memory for <timeout> seconds.

2. walletlock

Removes the wallet encryption key from memory, locking the wallet. After calling this method, you will need to call walletpassphrase again before being able to call any methods which require the wallet to be unlocked.

So if I am clear in my understanding, to encrypt my wallet I need to call the walletlockcommand and to decrypt it I need to call walletpassphrase command. Am I correct?


texts: Blockchain / Bitcoin / Previous address / Next address

texts:
New to learning about the Blockchain ...

The Blockchain requires a Token for use. It is my understanding that the Token (or rather the code implementing the Token) is responsible for filling up the Data portion of a block (that is to be added as part of the Blockchain).  Is this correct?

If so, this means that what exactly goes into the Data area of a block is dependent upon the Token that fills it.Does that mean that Bitcoin is a type of Token?

In the Block (that sits on the Blockchain), there is a Previous address and a Current address. The Previous field and the Current field is used to support the Linked List structure of the Blockchain (with the Previous address pointing to the Previous block in the block chain and the Current address being the actual block id of the Current block).

Does the Current address of the block take into account the Data area (or contents) of the Current block? My understanding is that the Current Data area of the block would hold Merkel Trees - and - that the root of the Merkel tree is somehow incorporated as part of the Address of the Current block.

TIA


texts: How are transactions verified by nodes other than the initial receiver?

texts:
If I understand correctly, when I create a new transaction from my wallet, I have to sign it and encrypt it. My wallet encrypts the message using the public key of the node it is connected to, so it can decrypt the message when it receives it, and signs the message with my private key, so the node knows it was me who sent the message because my public key is then sent along with the message.

What I don't understand is that when this message is transmitted to the other nodes for verification, how can they decrypt it if it was encrypted using the initial node public key. Furthermore, I read that also the miners should verify the validity of the transactions they have received. How can they decrypt the transactions?


texts: How can you make bitcoinj not use change addresses?

texts:
My question is related to bitcoinj library but not limited by it. bitcoinj will create new change address after every transaction. It will manage them transparently, but let say I want to use this library for merchant payment service. I don't have privacy issue, opposite to that I want to use the service as transparent as it could be. That would be one address per customer to receive money from them one load address to supply money from exchange and one change address.

Is it in general good idea or could there be a security issue? As I said before, privacy is not issue.

If that would be ok, what is the best way to stop bitcoinj from using change addresses and use just one instead?


texts: Does address-reuse make Bitcoin private keys vulnerable to quantum computing?

texts:
Though quantum computing can technically break ECDSA with enough qubits, this has not the greatest implication on btc because public keys are not known as they are protected by the hashing used to create an address.

However, I've noticed online it's been said a few times that reusing addresses may reveal your public key?

Is this true?  Are there times your public key is revealed and quantum computers become a legitimate threat?


texts: How do I withdraw USD from Mt. Gox through SEPA?

texts: Can Mt. Gox convert USD to EUR or do I have to convert it through Bitcoin myself?


texts: Implement HTLC manually by writing scripts

texts: Is there any way to implement HTLC manually for locking funds in the channels in lightning network for a period of time (by setting intervals) and releasing the funds after the time lock expired using bitcoin regtest mode?


texts: Creating a virtual wallet to display balance in a store

texts:
I have a store that uses bitcoin as a payement.
I want to make users deposit to their balance in the site, as I saw in many sites,
a bitcoin address is generated for each user to deposit funds to it, and use his dashboard in the site to withdaw it to his BTC address anytime.
I am using PHP. How to do it?


texts: Bitcoin, Ethereum and Litecoin value graph look very similar

texts:
I don't know much about cryptocurrencies, but I was looking at the Coinbase value graphs of bitcoin and ethereum, and noticed that even on one day, every single dip and peak affect all three currencies displayed. Why is that?

Value graph


texts: How can I export my wallet from blockchain.info to Multibit?

texts: I need to export my wallet from blockchain.info to Multibit, but i have no idea how to do it, can you please help me? thank you


texts:
Whenever I send bitcoins from one wallet or one exchange to the next there is always a fee. This makes sense with the exchange sites, they are just collecting the fee so they can make a living. What about the open source wallets that I've installed on my computer?
Surely, nobody is collecting my bitcoins because my transactions are too long! So, is the "fee" part of the Bitcoin algorithm? Do the coins that are confiscated in the fee go to Bitcoin miners?

Also, when does the fee start? I noticed, if I send like 0.05 bitcoins there is no fee, but if I send 0.1 bitcoins there is a fee.
What if I just sent 0.05 bit coins twice? Or is it if they are in the same block I will get a fee, so I'd have to send them twice (and 10 minutes apart)?


texts: New address generation on exchange services

texts:
Services like ShapeShift generate new addresses for each transaction. It is not clear how to they do that. I didn't find any API that supports address generation for such a big amount of coins like on ShapeShift. Or maybe these guys use some crypto exchange to generate the addresses.

How can I implement address generation function?


texts: having trouble installing electrum, can't find libsecp256k1

texts:
I'm having trouble running electrum from source.

Seems I need to install libsecp256k1 (but I have bitcoin core v.18 installed so i thought i already had it). Electrum has docs about this: https://github.com/spesmilo/electrum-docs/blob/master/libsecp256k1-linux.rst#1-using-package-manager. But this command doesn't find anything on linux mint???

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "run_electrum", line 80, in <module>
    from electrum.logging import get_logger, configure_logging
  File "/home/zach/electrum/electrum/electrum/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from .wallet import Wallet
  File "/home/zach/electrum/electrum/electrum/wallet.py", line 50, in <module>
    from .simple_config import get_config
  File "/home/zach/electrum/electrum/electrum/simple_config.py", line 13, in <module>
    from . import constants
  File "/home/zach/electrum/electrum/electrum/constants.py", line 30, in <module>
    from . import bitcoin
  File "/home/zach/electrum/electrum/electrum/bitcoin.py", line 34, in <module>
    from . import ecc
  File "/home/zach/electrum/electrum/electrum/ecc.py", line 45, in <module>
    do_monkey_patching_of_python_ecdsa_internals_with_libsecp256k1()
  File "/home/zach/electrum/electrum/electrum/ecc_fast.py", line 189, in do_monkey_patching_of_python_ecdsa_internals_with_libsecp256k1
    raise Exception('libsecp256k1 library not available. '
Exception: libsecp256k1 library not available. Verifying Lightning channels is too computationally expensive without libsecp256k1, aborting.`


texts: How can you view the Ripple orderbook without being logged in?

texts: Is there a service that exposes the orderbook without requiring a Ripple account?


texts: Are Bitcoin transaction fees competitive?

texts:
I was listening today to their conversation about the transcation fees in Bitcoin and Michael Sailor's understanding stroke me as inaccurate.
Is there any direct incentive within the Bitcoin protocol itself to lower the fees?
I've found some people on the Web who claim that including a small number of feeless transactions is incentivized, allegedly in order to decrease the difficulty of finding the nonce.
I'm not sure about this matter - hence the question.
I'm aware of a range of indirect incentives like the incentive to try to keep Bitcoin users away from using other blockchains. There is also the incentive to collect as much with fees as possible in order to reinvest it in ASIC and the infrastructure. Such indirect incentives are outside of the scope of this question.
From what I read, the inner workings of mining are the following:

New transactions are broadcast to all nodes.
Each node collects new transactions into a block.
Each node works on finding a difficult proof-of-work for its block.
When a node finds a proof-of-work, it broadcasts the block to all nodes.
Nodes accept the block only if all transactions in it are valid and not already spent.
Nodes express their acceptance of the block.

First, a miner takes the transactions and their fees (step 2), and only after this step they compute their POW (step 3). However low the block reward, it
is still the fact of solving the puzzle that determines which node is going to confirm their block. I've found nothing
in the whitepaper that suggests that there is any relation between the fees of the transactions that were collected and the likelihood of
computing the POW.
There seems to be nothing baked into the protocol that can directly stop any miner from producing let's say almost empty blocks or blocks with transaction fees of their preference so long as they are winning POW contest and the transactions are valid.
Decades ahead in the world of diminished block rewards any miner's attitude towards the transaction fees does not give them any competitive advantage over another in finding the nonce... is my understanding correct?


texts: Can Bitcoins or other coins be transferred back to US dollars?

texts: Can Bitcoins be transferred back to US Dollars?


texts: I can not find a clear mathematical proof method with details and example for "near to zero chance of generating the same pair key wallet"

texts:
A mathematical proof method with details for  "near to zero chance of generating the same pair key wallet"
I can not find a clear mathematical proof for the top sentence with example


texts:
When browsing explorer.acinq.co, I noticed some nodes display an icon image in front of their name.
How can I configure such an icon for my own node with LND?