texts: Low fee bitcoin transaction confirmed within 30 Min

texts:
One hour ago I've sent a transaction to a friend with 110 sat/byte.
After 30 min I've noticed that the transaction has 3 confirmation with this low fee and the network congestion.

The receiver has a Segwit address, I know that has no effect so why this get confirmed when transactions with higher fees take longer?

  https://bitcoinfees.earn.com/api/v1/fees/recommended Says that recommended fees are {"fastestFee":660,"halfHourFee":660,"hourFee":590}


texts: Who do I send money to if I want to create an OP_RETURN transaction

texts:
I simply want to store one small string in the blockchain. That's it. I am reading here a step by step guide but there is little in terms of explanation beyond the code snippets. What I would like to know is if essentially the problem is this...

There are two parties: me and someone else. I need to somehow get that "someone else's" address, and can figure out the rest from there.

But the main problem is, I don't have any "someone else" I would like to send the money to (or even need to send money to). I simply want to place something in the blockchain.

How are people doing this in their tutorials? Who are they sending the money to? Are they just creating a "dummy transaction" against a "dummy address" of some sort, and then getting a refund of the money? That way it seems the data would still be in the blockchain, but then no money would be spent (other than a potential processing tax fee).

If so, how do I do that? Am I supposed to setup two bitcoin networks, and send data from one to the other? That is, create a transaction of sending money from one to the other? Or perhaps even easier (though not possible?), I can get two addresses from my bitcoin node, and then send money from one of those addresses to another. Is that possible?


texts: Where does the US Dollar go when you buy a bitcoin? Not From Anyone but from CoinBase ect.

texts: Ok, So I see A lot of people say that the bitcoin when purchased from one person to another that money gets sent to that other person in exchange for the BitCoin. Example If Bob has a bitcoin for 10 dollars and sold it to Jim, Jim would Pay 10 dollars to Bob for that Bitcoin. So what happens to the dollar when someone buys a bitcoin from cryptocurrency market. That money doesnt not vanish, so where does it go? It has to go somewhere. Its really confusing question hopefully someone can help me understand. Thank you.


texts: Lightning - Question about force-closures of channels and its impact on recovering funds

texts:
Dear Lightning experts,

someone mentioned in context with lightning channels the following things, and I would like to ask you if this statements are true, and if yes, is this a problem in a future world where lightning becomes mainstream, how would we prevent such scenario of not returning funds`?

"The mnemonic seed will not allow you to recover funds that are off-chain in lightning channels...EVEN if the peer force-closes the Channel! And Static channel backups will not fix this..."

So question is: Why not designing it in this way:  "IF  there is a force-closure by the other party, THEN your funds are DIRECTLY automatically returned back to your wallet."?

Why in the world was the abovementioned automatic solution not in place now (or is it??)? Because of watchtowers or other stuff?

If above statement about not being able to recover... is not true, then pls elaborate kindly what the actual "return mechanism" is in such force-closure scenarios?

Thank you all


texts: Balance in bitcoin-qt suddenly significantly diminished after a small transaction?

texts:
I had my wallet stored on a storage provider for a while, and recently got a new computer and installed bitcoin-qt and imported my wallet.
It said I had about 2 BTC and showed INGOING transactions from 2013, which I had not touched since.
I recently then transferred 0.33 BTC to another recipient, and then immediately the bitcoin balance dropped to 0.07 BTC.
I have no recollection if I have used my wallet on other computers in the time between 2013 and now, but I thought the blockchain had a perfect copy of all transactions from my wallet.
Any idea what could have happend? Can I have spend bitcoin on my wallet on another computer in say, 2015, that never got relayed to my wallet stored on cloud storage? Are the transactions stored in the wallet.dat and not on the blockchain only?
Sorry, I am confused.


texts: What can be done with old (unprofitable) ASICs?

texts:
GPUs used for bitcoin mining have many other purposes and can generally be sold after they are no longer mining enough Bitcoin to meet variable (electricity, etc) costs.

What uses do old ASICs have after they are no longer profitable to operate?


texts: What are bitcoin/altcoin block notifications?

texts: While setting up a private nomp mining pool as a learning project, The instructions recommended setting up block notify. What are block notifications?


texts: Change addresses and key backup on Bitcoin Wallet for Android

texts:
I've had the  Bitcoin Wallet for Android for some time. When I installed it I was assigned some public address/key. I have made various transactions in and out of the wallet but as fas as I can tell the address has not changed.

Does Android Wallet not transfer change from a transaction into a new address?

I actually don’t want it to do this. I want one fixed address I can use to send and receive coins. I also expected that the private key I backed-up early on would still be valid.

If change addresses are created does this mean I have to backup my keys after every transaction?


texts: What problems exist with the alt coin Namecoin and what can be done to fix them?

texts:
I like the concept of using a key/value store that is separate from the Bitcoin chain (preventing bloat), but utilizing the Bitcoin hashpower for security.

What are the dominant issues working against Namecoin today?
What can be done to correct those issues?
If you were to reboot the Namecoin project, what changes or improvements would you make?


texts: How do bitcoin nodes initially find peers?

texts:
In all materials related to bitcoin, the people talk about the p2p bitcoin network.

OK, but there should be a central server that connects the peers to each one.
Like the torrent sites. The torrents are p2p but before you can start talking with the other nodes from the p2p network you should know who they are(ip addresses). That's why you are getting the torrent file-you should know who else is interested in this torrent and start talking with him.

But in internet I can't find information about the central bitcoin server -that makes the p2p clients to see each other?
Where I am wrong?
Thanks
Tonko


texts: Will projects build on top of Ethereum's blockchain be able to transit to Bitcoin's blockchain when the smart contract platform is up and running?


texts:
can someone confirm if this is true or false.  When a miner started to mine in 2009, they were automatically given five bitcoins?  That is 5 BitCoins automatically appeared in their wallet almost like a signing-on bonus.  Not much of a bonus since the value was less than a cent but you know what I mean.
Thank you


texts:
How can someone calculate the current/real-time value of a Bitcoin block?

What is the equation/algorithm used to determine this?

I've found a few resource online, but I'm a little confused


texts:
As I know,we can send bitcoin from our own account to other's account without specifying private_key.
So I wonder why we have to store our own private key carefully


texts: Derive next HD segwit address from xpub/ypub

texts: I've been using the smartbit api to derive the next receiving address for a while now. However it only works for Legacy addresses and not Segwit addresses. I now have a Ledger Nano s and need a similar api to obtain the next address in my HD wallet without having to open Ledger Live. Is there such a service? If not, how can I calculate a series of addresses using the xpub / ypub only. (Javascript if possible)


texts: What happens to extinct blockchains, and transactions inside of them?

texts:
While understanding the concept of block chain and proof of work, few things are confusing me. Miners always consider the longest chain(by difficulty) and work on expanding it. Now, lets say two miners (Miner A and Miner B) come up with the solution at the same time (almost same time) for a block, and they publicly announces their solution. Then, some miners get first the solution of A , later they see B has the solution as well (just opposite happens to some other miners, they get B first). So, the miners who saw A first starts working over A's solution for next block and saves other branch of B if it becomes longer. Now , tie will be broken when next proof of work found, and miners were working on other branch will switch to the longer one. Now, I have few questions:

What will happen to transaction records which were stored in the rejected branch?
Will there be any transaction records at all for both block branches?
(then I suppose, new transaction records will be stored on last
block before the branch).
What will be the scenario of coinbase generation? if A wins, A gets the coinbase, later transactions
should be stored in A's generated block. But, already solution of
next block(Proof of Work) on the branch A is found. So, new
transactions will be stored on next block (lets say generated by
C..C gets the next coinbase). Is that means, there will be only one
transaction record (coinbase) in the block generated by A?


texts: Import bitcoin address only with public key

texts: I want to import a none spendable paper wallet. This was possible in the past. But now I am only allowed to import an adress with the private key. So this address won´t be none spendable. Was there an update which changed this?


texts: How to calculate litecoin pool difficulty from cgminer diff value?

texts:
How could I get litecoin pool share difficulty from the diff value reported by cgminer?
For example when cgminer reports diff 16 pool diff is 2^-20. But i am interested how to calculate it?


texts: Why does Bitcoin Core keep saying "X days left" every single day?

texts:
I turn my PC on every day. I don't sleep more than 8 hours. Yet Bitcoin Core, after I verify that it has fully synced every day, keeps saying "7 days remaining" for example, as if it deletes the last week's data every time I shut down the computer and starts over from that point every time I turn it back on again.
What gives? This has started happening only recently. 0.20.1.


texts:
I've been working on a tool to decode hex messages inserted into OP_RETURN.  Whilst looking at strings in the blockchain I keep coming across user names with the format id:name.id.

If you run strings over a blk*.dat file you will find strings such as:

id:muneebmajeed.id

id:andrewlawrence.id

id:nicholas_studholmewilson.id

id:jorisheijne.id

id:algoventures.id

id:bgardineer4.id

I can't figure out what they are?


texts: Migrate wallet from Bitcoin Core to Armory

texts:
I have installed Armory.  I have created a wallet within the Armory.  I however would like to use a wallet I have with bitcoin core.  I am unsure how to do this.  Thank you for the help.

All I have is the wallet.dat

I have uninstalled bitcoin core and when I reinstall I have no idea how to use the wallet there either.  Ultimately I have wallet.dat and I'm unsure how to get that file into the Armory.


texts: Why doesn't directory.io list addresses starting with 3? I have no idea why it is so.


texts:
What happens under the hood when I use BTC to buy an Altcoin on an exchange?

I recently used Binance to buy an Altcoin using BTC. After making the trade I was expecting to obtain a transaction identifier which I could use to look up the history using blockchain.info.


texts: Can wider acceptance cause the value to fall?

texts:
I've noticed lately that more vendors/companies are accepting Bitcoin: Microsoft being one of the latest and largest.

As far as I can tell, though, these companies seem to (mostly) immediately convert the currency into "real" money at the current exchange rate, and the transaction is often only completed once your Bitcoins are sold.

Again as far as I can tell (with my limited knowledge of economics), this will increase the Supply of BTC on the open market (more coins being sold) without particularly increasing the Demand (people without BTC are likely to just pay cash, rather than going through the hassle of buying BTC with cash to use with the vendor)

Does this mean that as more companies accept BTC, the value will drop?


texts: How can you send a transaction directly to the memory pool?

texts: Is it possible to send a transaction to the bitcoin memory pool directly to have it mined without validating it?


texts: Is *coin widely used for international migrant remittances (private money transfer)?

texts:
Bitcoin has been used by labourers in China to transfer money back home to their families, mostly because other transfers where more expensive. Many immigrants to richer countries support familiy in their origin country, these remittances are quiten important economic factor and may dwarf development aid received by a poor country. At least a while back, fees for international transfers where quite high. It could make sense for an immigrant to use bitcoin to remit money to their family. Is this widely done, is thie known?

Is it reasonably easy to get, say CFA in Senegal, or Naira in Nigeria fo bitcoin (not asking about those specific currencies, just to give you an idea). Would bitcoin even solve the transfer problem if there's not a reasonably large bitcoin 'market' in the receiving country, so you can by local or international currency locally without relying on an exchange service that sits outside of the country?

I'm asking for two reasons, one this is an actual case where I think the tax and fee evasion possibility in *coin could do much good. Two, I think it'd be useful for the *coin communities because it would make *coins more useful around the world.


texts:
IOTA is one of the DLTs uses DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) as data structure.

The solutions to attacks proposed by IOTA white paper seems unconvincing, in particular, in case of double-spending, it remains unclear what stops a computationally powerful adversary from conducting a double spending attack as follows:

Adversary can use its coin and wait until it receives the goods, then it can make a second transaction with the same coin and confirm it by making many small transaction, perhaps under multiple different accounts. Attacks of this type where adversary floods the systems with new accounts are sometimes called Sybil attacks.

Whereas, other consensus algorithms have a clear answer to this problem, e.g. in PoW blockchains the adversary should have more computational power than rest of the system. Similarly in proof of stake (PoS) blockchains adversary should obtain majority of stake (currency). And permissioned consensus protocols simply restrict the adversary from adding new nodes to the system.

In tangle blog  (http://www.tangleblog.com/2017/07/10/is-double-spending-possible-with-iota/) actually leaves the impression that
double spending is theoretically possible, but just technically difficult to do in practice.

(1) Do you agree with this impression?

(2) Does it mean that although it is difficult to do; but eventually it's feasible?

Thanks


texts:
Yesterday Trezor released details of a segwit-related hardware wallet vulnerability.

The writeup claims that providing full previous transactions to the hardware wallet prevents the exploit.

My question: Why can't the compromised desktop software provide fake previous transactions corresponding to the fake inputs?

Using the example in the writeup:

In "step 2", create a fake transaction containing an output spent by "input 2" with value  5.00000001 BTC and same outpoint as the 20BTC UTXO.
In "step 5", create a fake transaction containing an output spent by "input 1" with value 0.00000001 BTC and same outpoint as the 15BTC UTXO.

The offline signer couldn't know that these fake transactions aren't on the blockchain. Most hardware wallets don't show information about the UTXOs being consumed so the user couldn't catch it by inspection. Does the fix involve incompatible sighash values for the two rounds?


texts:
A few of the guys at work have asked for me to make them a cryptocurrency (god knows why but I'm happy to oblige). I'm basing it on Cryptonote and have got it all built.

I understand that I need at least two seed nodes to get things going. However, do these seed nodes need to stay on indefinitely or can they be turned off once there's a network of miners?


texts: What are some valid ways to obfuscate the scriptPubKey?

texts:
Is it possible to hide the balance of an address from standard clients who may be watching blockchain?

I'm thinking about using script to modify the the key that is to be verified, but am having trouble concocting such a script.

Is there any prior work that does obfuscate the RIPE160 address?


texts: Of course, there are lots of ASICs out there with exponentially more hashing power. But I'm not yet ready to invest and dedicate to one coin. Is there a mining solution in which one can set up an external GPU enclosure and use those to mine? If so, how would one go about setting it up? Thanks!


texts: Funds received still shows pending and unavailable until confirmed in Exodus. Should I be concerned?

texts: I have a transaction I received in my account that has been marked as pending for the last 12 hours (now 16) and counting. The BTC and US equivalent shows in my wallet (Exodus) but  the wallet has it pending and states its unavailable until confirmed. This has me a bit worried that I will not receive my funds, even though when I check the transaction ID on BlockChair it shows 77 (now 102) confirmations.  This is first time a transaction has taken so long, the most time it took in the past was more or less 30 minutes.  Thanks in advance for educating me on the subject.


texts:
How secure is using a wallet on blockchain.info?

How do you evaluate the different sites that provide wallets?


texts:
Are all the information of my wallet stored inside the wallet file that I can find in the folder "wallet", inside the .electrum folder?

For instance, I can copy this file on another pc and just paste it into the "wallet" folder to have access to my BTC again, right?  (assuming that I know the wallet password)

I know that I can restore the whole wallet with the master seed, I was just curios if this method works also.


texts: transaction that was included in a block without my permission

texts: After requesting for bitcoin it automatically sent to my blockchain wallet after that it was then sent out without my permission again to another address and it never arrived in my final balance but yet my total received transaction keeps increasing am so confuse about were the money went to .please help me understand


texts: Back when I signed up with bitcoin and received 2 bitcoins, I haven't done anything with my account/wallet since 2010 is there a way for me to access my bitcoins or have they been lost, I still have the same email address, thanks


texts: Multisig Who puts second signature into the script?

texts:
I know how the script work together, but the Multisig is still confuse me.

input script:
OP_0 [A's signature] [B's or C's signature] [serialized redeem script]

how the transcation being created,
For example, "A" create a transaction, he can put a signature into the script, but where is the B signature from? A's wallet definally no B private key!

Logically, the transaction must send to B, then B put a signature into the script, right?


texts: Why do transactions with lower input age require higher fees?

texts:
I am trying to understand how bitcoin fees work. I have understood well why transaction with many inputs require higher fees but I can't figure out why transaction spending virgin bitcoins would require important fees as well.

The logic behind my thinking is the following:
If my inputs are a recent coinbase transaction, it is easier for the nodes to check their validity as they don't have to crawl the whole blockchain up. So it should require less time/processing power to validate them, which would mean lower fees.

Apparently there is something wrong in here :)

Does anybody have a better explanation?


texts: missing USDT transaction in Copay or Bitpay Wallets

texts:
I have a missing transaction, a guy sent me a bitcoins USDT, on his side we can see the money went out and the transaction is confirmed, on my side the money are not at my wallet, what I can do, here is the hash URL:

https://omniexplorer.info/tx/d39bf8c8ba9ad5311818c2eef20a161d3a8c6c2f64247e6ca479c0fcc3b68a0b

https://www.blockchain.com/btc/address/1Bg2UbR3QgPBsPgSKKBezjKiMEHeURx743

please help,
Deyan


texts: Is it likely that bitcoin will implement important changes in the future?

texts:
Bitcoin is still the biggest cryptocurrency in terms of market cap, and it will always be the first one to solve some of the most fundamental problems around the implementation of a cryptographic coin.

However we have many newer coins that solve some of the shortcomings of bitcoin and extend the possibilities: scalability/transaction rate, processing time, smart contracts, energy requirements, etc.

Because of this, I find it hard to believe that bitcoin in its present form would continue to be relevant (though I may be mistaken). I don't think that the miners would just let bitcoin fade out either though.

Is it likely that the bitcoin protocol will see very important changes in the future to address these issues so that it can remain relevant (block size, changes in consensus forming, block creation rate, smart contracts)? Are there technological impediments to this? Or is it more likely that this will be done in minoritarian hard forks, while the main bitcoin blockchain will go on essentially how it is right now?


texts:
On http://dogepay.com/ I read that 19% of Dogecoins have been already mined.

Is this measure accurate? (So much mined, wow.)

How long it takes to mine them all?

When all dogecoins have been mined, how can transactions happen?


texts:
When I look at the following site it says (at the time of writing) that the total market capitalization of Bitcoin is $125,927,574,809 AUD.

Now I think you could do this by running through the entire history of transactions on the blockchain, adding them all up, and multiplying by the current price. But there is probably a better way.

My question is: What is the method to determine the total market capitalization of the Bitcoin market?


texts: Is there an alternative to Bloom filters?

texts:
There have been a few papers, online publications and discussion about the negative effects of bloom filters on privacy.

What are the alternative to using bloom filters?
(bonus question: Are there any improvements we can make to bloom filters?)


texts: I have bought some bitcoins off local bitcoins and stored them in an Electra wallet in my computer. Given that I have now paid hard cash, how am I to determine that these are real?


texts:
I need to configure the bitcoin core and synchronize the bitcoin network.
I have bought a server with 1GB ram and 20GB hard disk space is it possible to run bitcoin run in this machine ?

Can someone help me to install and configure the bitcoin
Thanks in advance.


texts: How to get more chain tips from getchaintips?

texts:
I've just restarted my node. When I run getchaintips, it only gives me 48 tips (the lowest being at a height of 402,609).

Does getchaintips only return a limited number of branch tips? If so, is it possible to get more branches?


texts:
Scenario:

The pool sends a mining.set_difficulty message with difficulty = 8.
The miner ignores the message and submits shares that qualify at
difficulty = 1.
Most shares will be rejected by the pool with error = high-hash.

Question: what is the cost of submitting shares that get rejected? Are the accepted shares as valuable with an acceptance rate of 5% as if they were submitted with an acceptance rate of 100%?


texts: How many Namecoins are generated per block?

texts: Is the block reward for Namecoin 50 like Bitcoin, or is there another figure?


texts: Why do first bitcoin transactions receive most confirmations?

texts:
My very first Bitcoin transaction has 740 confirmations, the next have 239, 212, 70, 43, 5, and 5, respectively. Is this just because my first transaction has had more time to get more confirmations, or do first transactions always receive the most confirmations, even if the subsequent transactions follow immediately thereafter?

Viz., does the first bitcoin transaction need the most confirmations, such as to verify the legitimacy of a new user?

thanks


texts: How to direct bitcoins from Triplemining to a wallet?

texts: I use Triplemining.com for the share site, GUIminer for the Miner, and Multibit for the wallet. I just got this configured. On the "Account" page of Triple mining, it says "change payout address", but I don't remember specifying one. I am wondering what I put in there to hook up my Multibit wallet to TripleMining.


texts: How will Lightning Network nodes secure their hot wallets?

texts:
The success of the Lightning Network is dependent on payment routing. Successful payment routing will require online nodes with automated signing facilities. This entails online nodes with hot wallets.

Well known advice within the Bitcoin community is to not use hot wallets.

What can a Lightning Network node operator do to secure their nodes hot wallet and protect their private keys?


texts: How to recover corrupted Bitcoin-Core blockchain?

texts:
I recently experienced a I/O error resulting in data block corruption or index corruption cause bitcoin-qt wasn't quitting so I forced bitcoin core to shutdown without killin it properly. I checked the harddisk..
when I restarted Bitcoin-qt it asked me a question:

  Error opening block database. Do you want to rebuild the block
  database now?

Answered yes but when Bitcoin core came up I realized that I was 4 years back to synchronize with the blockchain. So I immediately stopped it again to look for more information before proceeding for safety

I found the relevant command in bitcoin-core options to rebuild chain state:

bitcoin-qt -reindex
bitcoin-qt -reindex-chainstate

Edit : This useful answer from user Pieter Wuille here: When should I use -reindex-chainstate and when -reindex answers my second question.

  -reindex:

wipes the chainstate (the UTXO set)
wipes the block index (the database with information about which block is where on disk)
rebuilds the block index (by going over all blk*.dat files, and finding things in it that look like blocks)
rebuilds the chainstate (redoing all validation for blocks) based on the blocks now in the index

  -reindex-chainstate:

wipes the chainstate
rebuilds the chainstate using the blocks in the index you had before

Found this bitcoin.se answer Bitcoind --reindex vs starting allover again but made me a bit uncertain on what to do next in order to retrieve my database without downloading the whole blockchain from the start

What would be the proper and fastest possible ways to rebuild/recheck my blockchain from Bitcoin-qt?

What is the difference of use between of bitcoin-qt -reindex vs bitcoin-qt -reindex-chainstate?


texts: Can SPV clients offer "proof of absence" of a transaction?

texts:
So light SPV clients give the user the ability to obtain merkle proofs (from a full node) that a given transaction is included in a block. Is there some cryptographic mechanism by which an SPV client could obtain proof that a transaction (or type of transaction) is not included in a block, while still being relatively "light" (O(log(n), say)?

Asking for a layer 2 solution ;)


texts: What Income Could I Expect as an OTC BitCoin Trader

texts:
How long is a piece of string?

Given "typical" UK market conditions, if I wanted to trade BitCoins as an OTC trader (via LocalBitCoins, IRC etc) - what income could I expect? £10/day? £100/day? £1000/day?

Just looking for a finger in the air guesstimate.


texts: As required in BIP 34, how miners put the Block Height to their coinbase transaction

texts:
I created a coinbase transaction with the createrawtransaction method as follow:
createrawtransaction '[{"txid":"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","vout":0}]{"kgjdtruea5w3mz7t3tudtlplm9xht4sjwg0e3tihgtr":6.25000000}'
the response to this call is:
020000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffff0140be40250000000017a9145ea405d95b789aa887e229d8b1da44c2964054248700000000

I understand that the number of pushed bytes and the Height of the block must be included to the scriptsig of this raw data as follow:
Actually 03 + The height of the block in little endian
In this exemple must i put this just between the ffffffff and  0140be40250000?
I saw some exemples but i am confused, as there's the size of the scriptsig before the scryptsig
Help is appreciated
Thank you to all of you


texts: What would be the benefits of 10x the energy spent

texts:
Let's suppose the bitcoin network grew to be 10x the size it currently is in terms of the amount of energy spent. No other changes to the protocol were made.

What benefits would this have versus where the network stands today from an end-user perspective? If blocktimes are fixed at 10 minutes and blocksizes stay consistent, then what type of improvements would we see?

Improvements

More Secure from 51% attacks
?

It seems confirmations could be sped up, but the initial confirmation still takes 10 minutes by design. I haven't heard of people complain about confirmation times, and from what I have seen on computing power performing a 51% attack on the bitcoin network as it stands today is not close to being practical. I am interested though what else I am missing.

I am not suggesting the use of POS or something else.


texts:
How to export an encrypted non-seedless electrum wallet into bitcoin-qt?

Is it even possible?

Cheers


texts: Can each Bitcoin and Satoshi be uniquely identified?

texts:
I'm pretty sure I've read somewhere that BitCoins have an "address", so they can be uniquely identified.

What I want to know is:

Does each Satoshi have it's own unique identity?
How is the identity of a Satoshi formatted? (providing 1 is true)


texts:
I want to make sure I'm understanding a few basic concepts clearly:

A Bitcoin wallet itself is nothing more than a "record" that is stored on the Bitcoin blockchain. It's an identifier that will be used in a person's Bitcoin transactions.
A Bitcoin wallet app is simply a software tool to create transactions that are written on the Bitcoin blockchain
I think some Bitcoin wallet providers -- not sure if "provider" is the right term -- may keep some information about the user's wallet/transaction information on their own system.
The value added by those who provide Bitcoin services are simply providing user-friendly tools to read/write information from the Bitcoin blockchain. They may also be providing a method of converting real currency into cryptocurrency and vice versa (e.g., trading or purchasing of Bitcoin)

Am I getting this right so far?


texts:
I'm using c# NBitcoin to generate master key at an offline server

ExtKey privateKey = new ExtKey("[My seed]");
ExtPubKey pubKey = privateKey.Neuter();

I will need to give the online server the master public key, and it can generate as many addresses it needs, my questions are:

How do I pass the master public key (pubKey) to this code in the online server ?

BitcoinAddress address1 = **pubKey**.Derive([some client data]).PubKey.GetAddress(Network.Main);

What is the best practice to listen for a payment received on this new address ? I'm working with web requests to http://btc.blockr.io/api/v1/address/unconfirmed/[address1]
My language is c# server side.


texts: Is there a single point generator G for every elliptic curve?

texts:
I understand that G is a point on curve which holds true for y^2 = x^3 + ax + b.
But there can be several other points as well which holds true for above equation but how do we choose which one is our G?


texts: Is it possible to rename & move a MultiBit wallet

texts:
I would like to reorganise a wallet I created with MultiBit. It seems to be composed of the XYZ.wallet file, plus a XYZ.info file and a XYZ-data folder. Can those be freely moved around into another directory? Can I rename the XYZ-part of these 3 items without causing MultiBit any problem?

Thanks for any advice and many greetings!


texts: What are the main components one should focus on when trying to maximize a mining pool's performance? Assuming the code is pretty optimal (there aren't any inefficiencies), what should a pool owner devote their attention or resources to? I'm thinking about factors such as hardware speed, internet speed, latency, or some additional features, like long polling, and what priority should those have.


texts: Cryptsy, Mintpal, Bittrex API - how many requests can I do?

texts:
Cryptsy, Mintpal and Bittrex have public APIs.

How many requests per second or minute can I do to these APIs?


texts: What are "discouraged blocks" in the blockchain? (examples and explanation please)

texts:
As of the time I write this, only one block type is marked as "discouraged", and I'd like to understand why this exists.

Is a correct reading that is that "it should be in the blockchain?
Is this simply the block number embedded in the transaction?
Are there any sample blocks that do or don't have this information?


texts: I understand that TxIDs are simply the double hash of tx data. But who creates them? I assume that all the nodes create the TXIDs of the transactions on their own and the TxIDs are not transferred along with the tx data. I am asking this because I want to create custom TxIDs (for some application) for the Txs and do not want the IDs to be double hash of the tx data. Is it possible to do so, or would the nodes then reject my tx.


texts: How come the lightning network creators believe the fees will be zero?

texts:
In this article,  Joseph Poon and Tadge Dryja say that they believe the lightning-network-fees would be less than 1 satoshi per node you transmit through, in practice.

As far as I understand, you need to put two transactions on the blockchain in order to set up a single payment channel (one for opening and one for closing it), you need atleast two payment-channels to route a payment. That's four writes to the blockchain in total.

According to, this and this page, you need somewhere atleast 300 satoshis per byte or 76k satoshis per standard transaction, we all expect this to rise with increased adoption. That means that for running a node you need to make atleast 76*4=304k transactions just to break even.

I have seen suggestions that you might want to close your paymentchannels atleast once per month, I feel that 304k transactions per month in every single node is very much if we believe lightning network will be very distributed. However, I believe the Joseph and Tadge are smarter and more knowledgable than me, so what am I missing here?


texts: Segwit to legacy address transaction possible?

texts: If I have a segwit address and I want to send BTC to the exchange, which supports only legacy addresses, can I even tranfer the money?


texts: What they stored in cold wallet? All bitcoins anyone owned is already in blockchain

texts:
I just want to understand what actually they store in the cold wallet because all bitcoins anyone owned is already in the blockchain.

Do they store the private key of users in cold wallet?


texts:
The protocol rules state that

  For each input, if the referenced output transaction is coinbase (i.e.
  only 1 input, with hash=0, n=-1), it must have at least
  COINBASE_MATURITY (100) confirmations; else reject this transaction

Why should coinbase transactions with less than 100 confirmations be unspendable? What is the point of the rule?


texts: How can I get coins from a personal pool?

texts: I'm running a node and a private mining pool, does my miner have to solve the block for me to receive any coin?


texts: How to suggest to our church that they should accept Bitcoin payments?

texts:
A little bit of context: I send 10% of my profit (the tithe) to a church. Along with the tithe I send money for different projects.

I guess they can be considered donations.
This church is a non-profit organization.

Recently I started to get profit in Bitcoin (weekly, I'm paid in Bitcoins for the work I do). It's not a small amount. Now, obviously, the next idea that came in mind was: how do I send the tithe now?

Since this non-profit does accept other currencies (such as EUR, USD etc) I think it would be a good reason to accept Bitcoin too. Currently it doesn't and I didn't talked to them about this.

I'm beginner in understanding Bitcoin, but I know the basics. Most of them are non-technical people and I believe it will be very hard for them to understand how this works. I have to admit I had a lot of questions I had to find answers for as well.

What would be the reasons I should present them to support my plan: sending Bitcoins to this non-profit?

Some things I have in mind:

There are quite a few shops that do accept Bitcoins in our country.
It's not controlled by the state or any organization (personally I find this pretty huge, for obvious reasons)
Some other people send to this non-profit even things that are not money (e.g. they work with bees and they get a lot of honey, they can choose to send 10% to the church). I think this is a thing that will help them realize a little bit that Bitcoin is a value as well.
Since they accept other currencies, why won't they accept Bitcoins too?
Related to the previous one: if I'd convert my Bitcoins in other currencies (e.g. EUR), since the Bitcoin value is still changing quickly it won't be a stable thing for both parts

Are these good enough to start with? What others points should I present? Given the context, how can I explain them in simple words how this would help?

From my understanding, they will simply have to create a wallet and share an address with the world.


texts: Which Namecoin block was the first one to be generated by merged mining?

texts:
For a definitive record is it possible to determine if a namecoin block was generated via merged mining?  Is so which was the first one.

Which is the first bitcoin block to have namecoin information in coinbase transaction?


texts: Backing up Bitcoin using only private keys?

texts:
So I'm really new to Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies, and I don't truly understand realtion between Bitcoin private and public key, and address!

I understand that for every private key, there is a public key, and that public key can be made and is made from a private key. So for every transaction you would have one private key and corresponding public key.

What I can't understand is how to backup Bitcoin wallet using private key!
Everyone says you just need to backup your private keys, but do I need to backup every private key, or just the first one, or i just need one private key to access my wallet?

Lets say i would like to backup my Bitcoin wallet by writing private keys on a piece of paper and storing that somewhere safe:

Do I need to save only first ever created private key to have access to all bitcoins I own, even i added them through multiple transactions?
Do I need to save every single private key generated, from every transaction to have access to all Bitcoins on blockcain?
If I save only half of private keys, from half of my transactions, does it mean i can only access Bitcoins from those transactions i own private keys?

I'm really confused about this one, and cant find answer anywhere! I'm not interested in backing up wallet, i need to store my private keys on a paper!

Sorry if question seems silly, I'm an old guy trying to learn all this new wonders! Thank you!


texts: Is there a Shapeshift service for Testnet coins to convert Bitcoins to other Altcoin testnet coins?

texts: I'm building an app and I'm working with btc testnet coins, but I want to be able to convert them to other altcoin testnet coins. Is there such a service out there?


texts: What is the reason for using PoW in bitcoin?

texts: As we know bitcoin uses Proof of Work Concept and it introduces never ending long block chain and some other issues. Why is it not designed in a way to use consensus algorithms what ripple uses? What is reason for proposing the Proof of Work Concept when implementing the Bitcoin? Is there any special reason? or Is it a mistake happened when designing the Bitcoin?


texts: Can I use opcodes traditionally used for verifying keys to verify payment sizes?

texts:
Can I use binary opcodes usually used for verifying keys to verify payment sizes?

It looks like these opcodes like OP_EQUALVERIFY and OP_NUMEQUALVERIFY are used for checking signatures or keys, rather than bitcoin amounts.

Example:

For an example use case, say my brother and I run a partnership, and all Bitcoin payments to our invoices go to a specific address.

The client would pay their invoice to a P2SH address, but any further spending from that invoice would have to go to my brother and I equally.

Conditions:

I want to lock outputs for a given input such that:

The bitcoin input can only be spent to two specific outputs*, my brother's address and mine
The amounts paid to these specific outputs must equal each other

*aside from change addresses

In the example above, could I use OP_NUMEQUALVERIFY or even the non-binary operator OP_GREATERTHANOREQUAL enforce that any client income was paid to me in an equal or greater amount than my brother?


texts: How do I delete a Bitcoin full node from my hard drive?

texts: I was using Bitcoin Core as my wallet (recently installed), but a couple of hours of syncronizing, all of a sudden, I have no space at all in my hard drive. I deleted bitcoin Core, but that did nothing. What files do I need to delete?


texts: How to perform CPU mining on bitcoin TESTNET on Linux?

texts:
I need approximately 100 Bitcoin Testnet to run an experiment on the lightning network.

Any suggestion on how to run CPU mining? Should I use cgminer?
Make any sense to perform solo mining on testnet?

Currently I am running a full testnet node with bitcoind on a linux environment.


texts:
How can I find out the ID of a transaction I just made?

I sent bitcoin to a site and they are requesting me to send the transaction ID to them.

How do I find it out?


texts: Electrum iOS alternative that can create multisig wallet with other Electrum wallets?

texts: I want to create a multisig Electrum wallet with two signers: my desktop and my mobile. Since Electrum is not on iOS and I really want to keep using it on my desktop, is there an alternative available for iOS that is able to create multisig wallets together with Electrum?


texts: Exactly Who or What Assembles Transactions into Blocks?

texts:
Users broadcast transactions into the network.  Miners find and compete to validate blocks created every ten minutes by combining transactions.  Who or what assembles the transactions into blocks every ten minutes?

Related: Setting the required number of leading 0s for the winning hash throttles the speed at which blocks, and therefore transactions, are validated.  Who adjusts that number?


texts: Why does ONLY some connections have 'addrlocal' in getpeerinfo output

texts:
I connected two laptops A and B to bitcoin testnet. I then manually connected B to A using addnode of bitcoin-client.

Snippet of getpeerinfo from B:

  {
    "id": 1,
    "addr": "172.22.94.40:18333",
    "addrlocal": "137.122.81.217:53818",

  }
 {
   "id": 10,
   "addr": "54.152.9.182:18333",
   "services": "000000000000000
 }

Some connection have an addrlocal set and its port 53818 is randomnly chosen. I searched through the codebase for this. It looks like some fInbound flag will be getting set in A. Can anyone in simple terms explain what is happening here?

I know that a socket cannot be used for listening and sending data at the same time. Is it got to do with that?

If 53818 is chosen as port to send data to A, then why is there no such random choice happening in seed node connection? (like 54.152.9.182 here in example)


texts: What's "walletconflicts" in listtransactions method output

texts:
Here's an output of listtransactions method

[
{
"account" : "",
"address" : "mz2A28GQxWrYgMn2z9pRqaUFNqTMyhk1sJ",
"category" : "receive",
"amount" : 6.30000000,
"confirmations" : 157,
"blockhash" : "00000000befa3ef184f6c3cdec8814b945bad9e3f7ce9eb38e3102bcf4c030c0",
"blockindex" : 9,
"blocktime" : 1397675516,
"txid" : "f517350f088d235878ecab8d5241f0b6e59a4081eec22031c449d0d01d79ed66",
"walletconflicts" : [
],
"time" : 1397672026,
"timereceived" : 1397672026
}
]

what's walletconflicts, it's array of what ? transaction ids, maybe ? i couldn't find any documentation even in Bitcoin console.


texts: I´m beginner and I understood there is an unique huge common block chain to be used by world wide and there a several different crypto currencies types by  running on that . Am I correct?  Thank you to all


texts: Radeon HD 6750 running at 120 Mhash/s table shows 167Mhash/s

texts: I'm using guiminer with flags -v -f30 -w128 under windows 7 but all i get is 120Mhash/s thats like 75% of what the table shows. Any idea why is that?


texts: Cant spend input with non-standart redeemscript (OP_CSV)

texts:
I'm playing with OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY.

Here is my transaction that I'm trying to spend:

  https://tchain.btc.com/e79d469698915aa6724288ae3a4141a31706d081f39fb7fd0b956a73a9044b22

which has the folowing redeem script:

2 OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY f45d94733d430261962932e0c847075195916a04 OP_CHECKSIG

But got an error when I  broadcast it (after two block confirmations left):

mandatory-script-verify-flag-failed (Non-canonical DER signature) (code 16)

I have no issues to spend transaction if I:

Just specify 2 CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY (can spend anyone)
With standart transaction HASH160 f45d94733d430261962932e0c847075195916a04 OP_EQUAL

but none with combination of them.
Here is a signed transaction:

0200000001224b04a9736a950bfdb79ff381d00617a341413aae884272a65a919896469de7000000006b4830450221008801d7f0e402724b090133ec01a817e993675a44a871f1a3afc0dba730e24ea4022044097be610bece524e90a743fa9d060cd194079105e6f6d150265a1164e722c3012103e8546cfe53ca9014f6a352bc2e5c1f7cec1f5b344c73d4db3ed3b8f075d5c9ef020000000120a107000000000017a914f45d94733d430261962932e0c847075195916a048700000000

Can someone explain me what I'm doing wrong?

P.S. With the folowing redeem script (OP_DROP added)

  https://tchain.btc.com/022d42355ac90e63f2667208112cf22471397dd2812645b5571da2d212596932

2 OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY OP_DROP f45d94733d430261962932e0c847075195916a04 OP_CHECKSIG

I got another error

(Script evaluated without error but finished with a false/empty top stack element) (code 16)

[UPDATED]:

  https://tchain.btc.com/46894d9dd5e20147826523b1a3ac8e8c5c64603338430d04bd6f5846af2bb9b4

3 OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY OP_DROP OP_HASH160 f45d94733d430261962932e0c847075195916a04 OP_EQUAL

Then trying to broadcast this tx:

0200000001b4b92baf46586fbd040d43383360645c8c8eaca3b12365824701e2d59d4d8946000000006a47304402205649f715d2553cc4a66dd36a61b3c1b187d19f585bd40427d795c600373a45ab02203325ef44a3aae191ed3f2a90efe382d7992712c03f249f8dd61d8a30997806dc012103e8546cfe53ca9014f6a352bc2e5c1f7cec1f5b344c73d4db3ed3b8f075d5c9ef0300000001e00f97000000000017a914f45d94733d430261962932e0c847075195916a048700000000

I got

error code: -26
error message:
mandatory-script-verify-flag-failed (Script evaluated without error but finished with a false/empty top stack element) (code 16)

Here is a privatekey

cUB1iazKDHngknjpTHUfKtH9zNRvHn1aBMPJbK2s913zUegjkeNn

Can someone spend it?


texts: How can I use a large input if the difference of the outputs and the inputs goes to the fee?

texts:
I'm confused by how exactly Bitcoin transaction are calculated. A transaction contains inputs and outputs, and if its inputs exceed its outputs the difference is deemed as the transaction fee.

So, if I just mined a block and received 25 coins in reward, there were no previous transactions related with my address and I want to make a transfer of 0.001 Btc using my 25 Btc balance. Then, there will be a 25 Btc input and a 0.001 Btc output, and the difference in the amount of 24.999 Btc all goes to miners?! Please help me understand.


texts:
How would you send bitcoins to a person by email supposing my bitcoins are stored locally on my machine?

The email is supposely not seen be any other person than the reciever (by using GPG for instance).


texts:
I'm trying to find the balance of specific addresses in a wallet. I basically have the master key which I use to generate addresses but I wonder, is it possible to find the derived addresses that have any balance and how can I query it (the balance of the addresses, and thus the wallet)?

I know I can generate infinite derived(child) addresses from the master key so, am I supposed to keep generating addresses and check every single one to see if it has any balance? Are you supposed to store both the master key and the addresses that you generate to receive payments?


texts:
I am integrating blocktrail api in my web application and i am new to bitcoin.
I created new account in blocktrail,and created new wallet.And it is 0.00000000 tBTC  now.
Will you please tell me how to make payment using this blocktrail?
I foud the code in https://www.blocktrail.com/api/docs/lang/php#receiving_transactions.But How to transfer bitcoin to our merchant account from client?

-error is coming "Uncaught exception strong text'Blocktrail\SDK\Connection\Exceptions\EndpointSpecificError' with message 'Wallet balance too low'";


texts: Why does some transaction returned in the result of Blocktrail api call contain a field called "raw"?

texts:
Such as the result of https://api.blocktrail.com/v1/btc/transaction/57ecab25858a91448cbca713ea369c23a06f6080fca85dea367c33fad93fa056?api_key=MY_APIKEY

Also what exactly does "raw" mean here? Could it be translated to some information?


texts: Transaction Hash Chain Signature: What Is Getting Signed?

texts:
In Satoshi Nakamoto's diagram:

I understand this diagram is dated--but please bear with me. I think I have missed a critical point of the diagram:

Question:
Let's assume that the three transactions depicted are #1, #2, and #3 from left to right.

Is the Signature for Transaction #2 computed using Owner 1's Private Key and the Transaction data for Transaction #1 or is it computed using Owner 1's Private Key and the Transaction data for Transaction #2?

Thank you.


texts:
I made a BTC transferred from the Luno exchange into my CEX exchange account, but I accidentally entered the CEX's BCH (bitcoin cash) wallet address instead of BTC and Luno did not blocked this receiving address.

Now, the transfer had transaction confirmation in blockchain public ledger

My CEX's BCH or BTC wallet did not reflected this deposit. Please advice me if any action for the recovery and how to make the deposit reflected in the CEX's wallet. I already raised urgent support tickets to both of the exchange, no reply from them yet.

Thanks in advance for you guys advices


texts: How do I sign and send a raw transaction using BitcoinJ?

texts:
Transaction transaction = new Transaction(params);
    // 遍历未花费列表，组装合适的item

    double sum = 0;
    String address = null;
    List<Unspent> unspents = new ArrayList<>();
    Map<String, AddrDTO> keysMap = new HashMap<>();
    for (Unspent utxo : unSpentBTCList) {
        /*
         * if(!script.isSentToRawPubKey() && !script.isSentToAddress()) {
         * logger.info("格式不對:" + utxo.address()); continue; }
         */
        AddrDTO addrDto = this.getAddrDTO(utxo.address());
        if (addrDto == null) {
            logger.info("address 找不到:" + utxo.address());
            continue;
        }
        keysMap.put(utxo.address(), addrDto);
        unspents.add(utxo);
        sum += utxo.amount();
        address = utxo.address();
        if (sum >= amount) {
            break;// 停止。
        }
    }
    if (sum < amount) {
        logger.error("余额不足");
        throw new RuntimeException("余额不足！");
    }

    long value = btc2Satoshi(amount);
    transaction.addOutput(Coin.valueOf(value), Address.fromBase58(params, to));
    // transaction.

    // 消费列表总金额 - 已经转账的金额 - 手续费 就等于需要返回给自己的金额了
    long longFee = btc2Satoshi(fee);
    long balance = btc2Satoshi(sum) - value - longFee;
    // 输出-转给自己
    if (balance > 0) {
        transaction.addOutput(Coin.valueOf(balance), Address.fromBase58(params, address));
    }
    int i = 0;
    for (Unspent utxo : unspents) {
        AddrDTO addrDto = keysMap.get(utxo.address());
        logger.info("xxxxxxxxxx:" + utxo.txid() + ":" + addrDto.getAddress());
        DumpedPrivateKey dumpedPrivateKey = DumpedPrivateKey.fromBase58(params, addrDto.getPrivateKey());
        Script s = new Script(Hex.decode(utxo.scriptPubKey()));
        TransactionOutPoint outPoint = new TransactionOutPoint(params, i++, Sha256Hash.wrap(utxo.txid()));
        ECKey ecKey = dumpedPrivateKey.getKey();
        transaction.addSignedInput(outPoint, s, ecKey, Transaction.SigHash.ALL, true);
        logger.info("xxxxxxxxxx:" + utxo.amount());
    }
    String hex = Hex.toHexString(transaction.bitcoinSerialize());
    logger.info("bitcoinj hex = " + hex);

Error:

Exception in thread "main" org.bitcoinj.core.ScriptException: Don't know how to sign for this kind of scriptPubKey: HASH160 PUSHDATA(20)[1a0a82f0669c14c6739e4cf1a5a3f221f657e28f] EQUAL
    at org.bitcoinj.core.Transaction.addSignedInput(Transaction.java:823)
    at com.idasex.bitcoin.BitcoinClient.signBTCTransactionData(BitcoinClient.java:337)
    at com.idasex.bitcoin.BitcoinClient.sendRawTx(BitcoinClient.java:274)
    at com.idasex.bitcoin.BitcoinClient.main(BitcoinClient.java:409)


texts: How can bitcoin be used for all transactions, even with only one confirmation?

texts: If bitcoin is ever going to be mainstream, how can we get around the problem of confirmation time? I don't think I like the idea of having to wait an hour for my transaction to be confirmed so I can leave the gas station after filling up. Even with the usual recommendation of waiting for only one confirmation, that's still 10 minutes. Anything over 10 or 20 seconds becomes a problem if all customers are using bitcoin, because it delays every transaction that long.


texts: Does having the Bitcoin Client running always use up a lot of the CPU?

texts:
I have the Bitcoin Client running on my laptop, it is up to date and now fully synchronised, but it is running the CPU at almost 100% and so makes doing anything else extremely slow. Is this normal?

Whilst it was 'synchronising with the network' it was doing the same but I assumed it was because synchronising with the network used up a lot of processing power, but it does the same now - is this likely to always be same or have I done something wrong in the set up?  (my laptop has 2GB memory, has 2.20GHz processor and running on windows vista)

Many thanks in advance


texts: Not receiving Compact Block even after 'sendcompact' message

texts: I have setup a regtest net locally with 2 nodes. One of nodes generates blocks using 'bitcoin-cli generatetoaddress 10 ', sendcompact message was sent from other node yet it gets normal block(NetMsgType::BLOCK) instead of compact block(NetMsgType::CMPCTBLOCK). As per protocol documentation, 'sendcmpct' should change btc node state to send compact block. Am I misunderstanding this flow? Kindly point to resource on how to generate compact block on regtest net setup.


texts: I have Bitcoins in my Bitpay wallet that I need to cash out. I earlier assumed that a Bitpay wallet would have a linked Online Bitpay account. I gave my BitPay Wallet Address to a client who transferred bitcoins to my wallet. Bitpay Support says that they do not see any Bitcoins on my Online acc. How does this work? Bitpay is not clear about what they want me to do. Please help.


texts: Several millions of Dogecoins have been stolen. Is a similar hack possible with Bitcoin?

texts:
This Christmas several millions of Dogecoins have been stolen from Dogewallet. On Reddit it is explained that the hacker gained access to the filesystem and modified the send/receive page to send to a static address.

Is a similar theft/hack theoretically possible with the (far more valuable) Bitcoins? Or has this happened already in the past?


texts: Looking for someone to help me recover stolen BTC

texts:
I need help recovering 7.01386067 BTC that was stolen from me through an investment scam. I have included a picture of the blockchain transactions of the bitcoins i purchased:

BTC purchased of which I can prove ownership
I was able to track the downstream wallets that the scammers are using to house the stolen assets and my realization is that they are doing this type of criminal activity to many people. If you scan the subject wallets you find they are housing and moving over 220,000,000 USD regularly. Not sure how something like this can go without notice to the government or law enforcement but i fear many many innocent people are being harmed by these dark actions. The following image contains the downstream wallets and the value contained as of earlier today (more than likely changed, but you can understand gravity of the situation):

Scammers wallet addresses (downstream of BTC i was scammed out of)
If you review the transaction data upstream, you will find that these scammers are using BTC tumblers to try and sever the connection to the missing BTC upstream to prevent any of their victims from recovering their lost assets.
Does anyone in this community believe they are able to assist me and those others that have been harmed by these dark actions?


texts: How can I get the whole info for a transaction whose outputs are spent?

texts:
I use the RPC method getrawtransaction to get the whole info for a transaction. But if I understood right, it works only for transactions which contain at least one unspent output.
How can I get the whole info as provided by getrawtransaction for a transaction whose outputs are all spent. Or how does Blockcypher implement this?
For example this tx:
https://live.blockcypher.com/btc-testnet/tx/501553f8a27cfb8f661e9c977b923908642c1817ef6037eb104da8dfb892890a/


texts: Where does the change go in blockchain.info when using a paper wallet?

texts:
When using a paper wallet as watch only  via block chain.info and you send partial amounts out from it. Where does the change go?

I've read you can lose all your coins if the client doesn't handle change properly. What's a scenario that could lead that to happen? Which apps don't handle change properly?


texts: Why does blockchain.info API response with wrong balance value?

texts:
Let's the following address. Now the current total received balance is: 5,697.09329301 BTC:

But API response is 569709329301:

As you can see API response does't contain floating point therefore the total balance is very big.

Is it bug?


texts: I just need some advice or assistance if possible? I'd really appreciate anyones 2cents on this

texts:
I sent BTC from Paxful to an exchange called LAtoken. $36 worth of BTC was sent, nothing major to anyone else but really huge to me. Cope pasted and confirmed address. NO btc arrived almost a day later.
When I check on the blockchain the address says
"This address has transacted 2 times on the Bitcoin blockchain. It has received a total of 0.00022816 BTC ($13.04) and has sent a total of 0.00022816 BTC ($13.04). The current value of this address is 0.00000000 BTC ($0.00)."
The exchange is not answering as well so I'm lost. So frustrated and wondering if the money is lost. I would love to just be sure.
here is the Txhash
9875516de2037143c60ae2bb84d3cf18678c0c906a9c712eddd36e65018f5d6f
here is the address
1J4TJDRuCvTJ9hCL7cXihtAZbM3THVKC6d


texts: Why do testnet blocks have future timestamp?

texts:
I am playing experiments with testnet blockchain, and it seems like the best block is always set about 2 hours into the future.

For example, now, the block has timestamp 90 minutes into the future. I am not linking the block itself since it will be quickly outdated anyway, but you can look at https://testnet.blockexplorer.com and the newest block will always be into the future.

How is that possible? Shoudln't the network check the timestamps, if they are sensible? Also, if anyone can fake the timestamps, do they have any reason to exist at all?

This extends both to mainnet and testnet; however, I haven't seen it happen on mainnet. Why?


texts: Search for BTC transactions by amount range

texts: It is possible to search transactions by amount range using blockchain or other website without having hash,  just by range or exact amount?


texts: How to transfer addresses from Satoshi client to MultiBit?

texts:
I'm trying to take an address from my Satoshi client and transfer it into my new MultiBit client. I have found several questions similar to this, and have tried all their solutions, but to no avail.

This is the basic process I go through: (Note: The address & private key I use in the example are empty; made for this example)

On the Satoshi client, I go to the console and type: dumpprivkey 16tTCqoguKk7ZvLXsUyUE5JKJQ2VMDpCQj
I get the private key
KzD6eDjxCwPf8YTGiGhNWAyg4HU4H6iWXYEqCyKGhH8Dy9ZKhdui
I confirm on bitaddress.org that the private key does indeed output the public key above.
I then export the private keys on MultiBit (Version 0.4.19 BTW), and add the private key listed above into the exported file.
Importing the private keys back, the public address 1GWqf362pUzGfrZ7K7Thazd27aRBsakGcX is imported, rather than 16tTCqoguKk7ZvLXsUyUE5JKJQ2VMDpCQj.

I'm not exactly sure if I'm doing something wrong, or the problem is some sort of bug in the software...
Please excuse me if I sound "Bitcoin-Illiterate", I'm kinda new to this stuff.


texts:
In the following article What Are Bitcoins? How Do Bitcoins Work?, it is mentioned that a blockchain is composed of three parts:

Identifying address
History
Private key header

Although, after taking a look at this question "Can someone explain how the Bitcoin Blockchain works?"
  it doesn't reflect what that article mentions.

If those three parts are the actual parts of a blockchain, can someone provide a better explanation for each one?


texts: colored coin possible with ring signatures and stealth addresses?

texts:
It is understood that colored coin is possible with stealth addresses, but what about ring signatures such as how they are used in the cryptonote protocol (Monero, Bytecoin)?

I feel like coloring the destination would undermine the obfuscation of the stealth ring


texts: Can I recover my USDT sent to a USD/PAX?

texts: HI I sent USDT from my binance account to usd/pax blockchain wallet how i can recover that funds please ?


texts:
In 2014, my cousin told me about bitcoins. I thought they were pretty cool, so I went to coinbase and bought 10 at the time (I was 14 at the time). Then, my best friends grandparents passed away and I forgot about them ever since.

Now I am 17, and today I logged on and am shocked to see coinbase says my 10 bitcoins are worth $60,000 dollars. How can this be? I am tempted to cash it out but feel this is illegal and the goverment is going to be on me. Should I tell coinbase there is a bug in the system or something? Has anyone had a similar situation?


texts: How can I find out if a mining pool has been leaking user information?

texts:
To my surprise, I have received spam to an email address which I exclusively used with a mining pool that seems to be generally considered trustworthy and reliable.

The spam is bitcoin related and contains this text:

  INVOICE #099425655

  STATUS: Unpaid

  GENERATE ON: 02/16/2015

  (link text) hxxps://account.[censored].net/?invoice=ST-231550-[random looking characters]-passport.[censored].net

  (actual link target) hxxp://russiancloud.esy.es/[censored].jar

Given that the email address I used to sign up to the pool is, with very high certaincy, globally unique and not easily generateable, it would appear the pool indeed leaked some user data.

However, googling for "[name of pool] leak" gave no related results at all.

How should I continue?


texts: Who is liable my case or is it a classic hack?

texts: Recently i purchased a Bitcoin from BITX, the South African Exchange for bitcoin. I purchased 28 Bitcoins from BITX. When they sent me the 28 Bitcoins to my Blockchain iOS app, the Bitcoins were in my wallet for exactly 1 second before they were sent to another address. My concern is that my private key was generated offline. Im the most paranoid person when it comes to security. i keep everything extremely safe AND clean. A hacker would need more than just 1 second to hack my address AND re-transfer the money. I never received an outgoing funds transfer email from my Blockchain App. who is at fault BITX or Blockchain?


texts: Recovering funds after I lost my wallet.dat

texts:
I have received the bitcoin way back in 2013 in Bitcoin Core.
At that time I don't know about the importance of wallet.dat - I have formatted my hard disk and install Bitcoin Core again in 2017 but there it didn't show my Bitcoin in my balance. I have my Bitcoin Key.

How can I get my bitcoin back? Please help me!


texts: Do all Banks and Credit Unions in the U.S. accept Bitcoin?

texts: Do all Banks and Credit Unions in the U.S. accept Bitcoin for deposits or withdraws?


texts: Bitcoin Core Windows Console - download the QR-code and address

texts:
If I use the command getnewaddress it generates a request address, which I can click on and see the QR-code and address.

I would like it to automatically to create a folder with the name of
the address and download the image as qr.png to that folder


texts: How do I get the wallet balance from Bisq programmatically?

texts:
I have Bisq installed on Windows. Now I'm trying to fetch the current balance from PHP CLI.
I already tried to copy the bisq_BTC.wallet to a "Bisq" dir in the Bitcoin Core datadir (renamed to wallet.dat) and make it open that, but it's apparently a completely different format.
I've read the manual and find not one word about any API or command-line parameters such as: bisq.exe --grab-btc-wallet-balance.
How do I grab the balance without looking with my eyes in the GUI?


texts: What is the ecological effect of increased work for the Bitcoin chain?

texts: As more users use Bitcoin and "forced work" difficulty increases what effect does this have ecologically? It is a silly question I know. I'm just comparing let's say value or effect of using computational power for protein folding vs Bitcoin and curious if anyone has given or found some thought/exploration on the matter.


texts: Is it safe to say that all bitcoin that is mined is staying in the bitcoin adresses that is generated between 2^0 and 2^256?

texts: We know that bitcoin adresses are generated with a 256 bit number(the amount of multiplication  that is used on secp256k1 curve). So there can be 2^256 addresses at most where all the bitcoin sits on. Can we say that if one can somehow get all the bitcoin addresses(I know it is not doable), you get all the bitcoins that is generated/mined ?


texts: Minimum characters to uniquely identify bitcoin trasanction in blockchain

texts:
What is the minimum number of characters (TXID from the beginning) which is generally considered to uniquely identify a bitcoin transaction in the blockchain?
(Similarly to git and a commit SHA - https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18134627/how-much-of-a-git-sha-is-generally-considered-necessary-to-uniquely-identify-a).


texts:
I am looking for base steps or general guidelines how to create lightweight  android wallet for existing alt coin "X".
So, lets start with simple questions:

Do I need to run a node on the server
Can I clone and configure existing open source android wallets. If yes - any help with this?

Would be happy to have any additional useful info as start point to create the wallet.


texts: In a chain split scenario (not soft fork), a miner has to confirm transactions from both chains?

texts: In a scenario where a chain split occurs (two miners find a hash), would miners have to work with both chains until one of then become larger (more PoW)? i.e. Would they have to validate transactions from both chains as 1 confirmation until then?


texts: I bought some bitcoins from a friend, I don't even have a wallet, now what?

texts:
I bought $10 worth of Bitcoin from a friend that does Bitcoin mining, but he told me I need a wallet so he can send them to me.

So how do I create a wallet and what information do I need to email to him so he can send those bitcoins to my wallet?


texts: How to get the block hash in the chainstate leveldb?

texts:
From this link What are the keys used in the blockchain levelDB (ie what are the key:value pairs)?,
to get the block hash I use the obfuscation key and xor it with the result I get from the db. So I look up the block hash I got on blockchain.com,
but the block hash doesn't exist. So I check if I'm xoring right by using the website http://xor.pw/#. My xored value matched the website.

Then I look back to the example on How does Bitcoin read from/write to LevelDB and xored their example
26c326d7353661dc7005d274976f458691f24f0f05d141335f4ad5927e41 and 27c78118b731610527c78118b731610527c78118b731610527c78118b731 on http://xor.pw/#
and I got 104a7cf820700d957c2536c205e2483b635ce17b2e02036788d548ac970 not 01028820010b2a00367244680f6da18acd861a08f0a89cb3b49ab50e.

Me and and the website can't get the same result and be wrong right? What am I missing?

import plyvel

def get_xor_key(o_key, result):
    xor_key = ''
    while len(xor_key) < len(result):
        if len(xor_key) + len(o_key) <= len(result): xor_key += o_key
        else: xor_key += o_key[:len(result)-len(xor_key)]
    return xor_key
def xor_two_str(s, t): return hex(int(s, 16) ^ int(t, 16))

db = plyvel.DB('/home/chris/.bitcoin/chainstate')
o_key = db.get(b'\x0e\x00obfuscate_key')
print('o_key', o_key.encode('hex')) # my o_key is 0899b9c2314a85c9b6

result = db.get(b'B')
result_hex = result.encode('hex')
print('result_hex', result_hex) # b6c9854a31c2b999b6da5ee266a8047f3c8c5fc82479ab03af9272a3a57372a2
xor_key = get_xor_key(o_key, result)
xored = xor_two_str(xor_key.encode('hex'), result_hex)
block_hash = xored[2:-1].decode('hex')[::-1].encode('hex')
print(block_hash) # 870b3cd33974701cfceb9c5bffa0b2b6b9c66e0a9de0a3b56617389267caebaa


texts: how do I figure out the hash rate of my computer?

texts:
My computer has

   AMD A4-5300 APU W/ Radeon(tm)HD  subscore 6.2
   Graphics AMD Radeon HD 7480D              4.7

If any one can help , thank you!


texts: Bitcoin Core 17.0 - How to calculate balance with zero confirmations included (watch-only)?

texts:
Is it currently possible to calculate balance including UTXOs with 0 confirmations, for watch-only addresses?

getbalance "*" 0 true

includes utxos with 0 confirmations only if that address has private key in the wallet. Balance from watch-only addresses is added when corresponding UTXOs have at least 1 conf.


texts: Could there be hyperinflation in Bitcoin?

texts:
Currently the creation of new coins is fixed at a certain rate which halves every few years and will at some point in the future drop to zero. As I understand it, this is by consensus, i.e. all the nodes in the network agree on this protocol.

Suppose at some point in the future the Bitcoin community were to decide that the currency's deflationary bias wasn't such a good thing for the economy and that it would be better to start expanding the monetary base at a higher rate. What would it take for such a policy to take effect? Specifically, what percentage of the nodes in the network would have to vote in favor of the new expansionary policy?

And if indeed the network could vote itself into an expansionary policy, is it then also conceivable that it might vote itself into a hyperinflation, where the rate of expansion gets out of hand?

In short, what does it take to change the rate of expansion of the Bitcoin monetary base, and how easy or difficult is it to achieve as compared with the stroke of a central banker's pen?

PS: I can see a future where the top miners who own most of the computing power decide amongst themselves that they deserve more than their share of bitcoins after all and so they decide to institute the change, and I'm curious to know how the network would handle such an event.


texts:
I'm trying to get my head around XRP, "the native currency of the Ripple network".

I understand that it's a currency that's only used within the Ripple platform to allow for transactions and serve as a "currency of last resort".

So I would imagine banks and financial institutions are quite interested in buying XRP so they can join the platform, since it allows them to cut off their operational costs.

However, it seems there is another group of people interested in XRP purely for speculative purpose.

What I don't quite understand here is how those people will actually "use" XRPs since it can only be used within the Ripple platform. Of course they will hold it until it surges in value but that would mean that, during that period, the XRP held by those speculators will not be available within the Ripple platform unless they "use" them in someway within the platform.

However, since those individual speculators aren't banks or financial institutions that are doing transactions with different currencies, I don't see any use cases of XRPs for them other than selling them, which would mean they are basically "hoarding" XRPs while waiting for their values to go up.

So I guess my questions are:

What does it mean to buy XRP as an individual OTHER THAN speculation?
(If investing in XRP could mean something other than speculation) How can we "use" XRP to do something other than speculation as an individual?
How is it possible that the Ripple protocol can operate even when there are many people buying XRP and therefore "holding" it, making it "unavailable" to the rest of the network. (I would imagine there are constant supply of XRP, which is enough to keep up with the "hoarded" XRP)

Any suggestions will be really appreciated.

Thank you.


texts: Share is above target when switching between stratums

texts:
I'm running a pool for some friends and myself, where we mine both dogecoin and litecoin (and occasionaly some other flavor of the day).
The farms are pointing to a simple proxy: a C daemon that is connected to the stratums for easy socket switching.

When switching from one coin to the other, the stratum server immediately throws "Share is above target" errors.
When it switches back to the original coin, all shares are accepted again

Exactly what causes the 'share is above target' error?
Based on the logs below, is there a problem with the mining software or with the stratum sending the wrong data?

Both stratums are configured with a fixed diff level, vardiff is disabled.
Here's a log of data going back and forth between a mining farm and server

step 1/5: litecoin stratum sends work to mining farm

{"params": ["ed84", "716a78103f53858c8baadc8179bdbc3012c981db2a41b552998cdc06b6bae287", "01000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffff27034f0f08062f503253482f04398b1c5308", "0d2f7374726174756d506f6f6c2f0000000001a078072a010000001976a914238e80769414592ed96192e13cddf78953e84ff388ac00000000", ["a346c6f74e37f6528e9d34e35c530a79bf11487d5c9404574972ac652331943f", "117086b6331ecef97572a981b1d2a7baf269b163a0c252c03a9f8b93cf1fdc03", "fef9b6758f809b998ce072d7bddefa86657dbee2d0fe1d71fd8a6a5558fa4dce", "7caa16ac719103ea85494bf15ec0b27507fb7367b36c01ccea2151f2eebdc811", "bdf9a2879e8cee859d2510fa63c57411f5b2e32fe0e237f597d28e6add7a9923"], "00000002", "1b0dd506", "531c8b3c", true], "id": null, "method": "mining.notify"}

step 2/5: mining farm sends 6 valid shares to litecoin stratum

{"params": ["FarmOne", "ed84", "04000000", "531c8b3c", "fef81f01"], "id": 2, "method": "mining.submit"}
{"error": null, "id": 2, "result": true}
{"params": ["FarmOne", "ed84", "01000000", "531c8b3c", "c97a2601"], "id": 3, "method": "mining.submit"}
{"error": null, "id": 3, "result": true}
{"params": ["FarmOne", "ed84", "02000000", "531c8b3c", "685efb00"], "id": 4, "method": "mining.submit"}
{"error": null, "id": 4, "result": true}
{"params": ["FarmOne", "ed84", "01000000", "531c8b3c", "bacb9201"], "id": 5, "method": "mining.submit"}
{"error": null, "id": 5, "result": true}
{"params": ["FarmOne", "ed84", "04000000", "531c8b3c", "a221ad01"], "id": 6, "method": "mining.submit"}
{"error": null, "id": 6, "result": true}

step 3/5: system redirects mining farm to dogecoin stratum at this point

step 4/5: dogecoin stratum sends work to mining farm

{"params": ["2610", "bca4622ca0307fc2e3c2398f67b36a0d908306f62cc65761761c2faf1b488be8", "01000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffff2703fd0802062f503253482f04658b1c5308", "0d2f7374726174756d506f6f6c2f000000000100f473ed742b00001976a914c8b32869360584a4876c7d7617142e0f8dc4404988ac00000000", ["2adb1eabd5c3fcabeb5f75c073e6009dee136a3cf0ba6b6082a7ad2f8fe2a070", "1061486e8cebb27914e7d3e24c0ce90e8b1fc0606cb1bf8f4cc61c4e4dbad84d"], "00000002", "1b527845", "531c8b67", true], "id": null, "method": "mining.notify"}

step 5/5: mining farm sends shares to dogecoin straum, but they are are above target

{"params": ["FarmOne", "2610", "04000000", "531c8b67", "f4be2e00"], "id": 7, "method": "mining.submit"}
{"error": [-2, "Share is above target", null], "id": 7, "result": null}
{"params": ["FarmOne", "2610", "01000000", "531c8b67", "45ca4700"], "id": 8, "method": "mining.submit"}
{"error": [-2, "Share is above target", null], "id": 8, "result": null}

Thanks!


texts:
I am thinking about how are these all 'bitcoin shops' working.
Imagine i go to a web page called http://bitcoinshop.smth where all i see is:

Price of the Bitcoin
And all i can do is "Buy".

Of course the price of the BTC that they display is the lowest Ask price at the exchanges +X$ Fee they want to earn - makes sense.

Now the question is,
what is happening behind the scenes?

I can imagine two situations:

a) They have BTCs in their wallet, so when i hit BUY - i get their BTCs out of their wallet at the price of the Exchange + their fee.
But what if they bought them for 200$ and the price dropped to 100$ on the Exchanges? How do they manage that?

b) They are having market links to several exchanges and when i hit BUY they immediately place a BUY order on the exchange with the given price. Of course this is simplified as they should be looking into the order book and check the quantities and so on.. but nevertheless.

Still i see some issues: 1) They can't guarantee the order to be filled with the quantity i asked for, 2) They can't guarantee that at the time i hit BUY the price will be exactly as i wanted to buy. Well yes if the price goes down they get the money, but if the price goes up - well my BUY shouldn't be executed as i would have to pay more than i declared.
This reminds me the old-days @ electronic exchanges - there was a regulation for this that the price has to be guaranteed for the buyer, but that's a different story.

Does anybody know how is that managed?
And additional question, what if i come with a request to buy 10000 BTCs,
i wonder how is that managed..

Example Shop:
https://www.4coins.pl/en/


texts: I sent a bitcoin to temporary address. So seller did not get it because address was outdated before I sent bitcoins via bitcoins-qt. Is there chance to return my bitcoins?


texts:
I have couple of keys of path  m/0/0

TPriv- Extended private key (pvt key+chain code)

TPub- Extended public key (public key+chain code)

Now I generate an address of of the TPub key and revived funds

Question -
To spend the funds how do I sign them I mean do I sign them using the TPriv key or I need to derive a private key from the TPriv key ?

Or can I remove the chain code from TPriv and then sign


texts: Accurately calculate fees to sweep all coins

texts:
We have an instance of bitcoin core running a watch only wallet. This wallet receives a lot of transactions that we need to (once a day) sweep and split into other personal wallets.

The distribution is a full sweep as follows:

Each vendor receives 95%, after fee deduction
The system collects 5%, after fee deduction

Currently we do it manually like so:

Create a new wallet in electrum with addresses that have balance
Manually calculate how much each partner is going to receive
Manually split the bitcoins for each partner
Check how much is the estimated fee for that transaction
Recalculate how much each partner is going to receive taking the fee out
Manually sign the transaction
Broadcast it

Example:

Inputs:
  Vendor A: 2 BTC in 5 inputs
  Vendor B: 1 BTC in 2 inputs
  Vendor C: 7 BTC in 20 inputs
Total input transactions: 10 BTC

Assuming fee: 0.0002
We send to each party's personal wallet:
  Vendor A: 1.89996200
  Vendor B: 0.94998100
  Vendor C: 6.64986700
    System: 0.49999000

Total sent: 10 BTC

I'm trying to automate the calculation of the distribution with the following script: (please assume Bitcoin.rpc is the same as bitcoin-cli)

balance = Bitcoin.rpc.getbalance '*', 1, true
estimatedFee = ???

vendorABalance = vendorAIncome * (balance - estimatedFee)/balance * 95%
vendorBBalance = vendorBIncome * (balance - estimatedFee)/balance * 95%
vendorCBalance = vendorCIncome * (balance - estimatedFee)/balance * 95%

systemBalance = balance - estimatedFee - vendorABalance - vendorBBalance - vendorCBalance

rtx = Bitcoin.rpc.createrawtransaction [], [
  { 'Vendor A wallet' => vendorABalance },
  { 'Vendor B wallet' => vendorBBalance },
  { 'Vendor C wallet' => vendorCBalance },
  { 'System wallet' => systemBalance },
]
Bitcoin.rpc.fundrawtransaction rtx, { includeWatching: true, conf_target: 6 }

# On a offline machine
rtx = bitcoin-cli signrawtransactionwithkey rtx ['private keys']

# Back on the online machine
Bitcoin.rpc.sendrawtransaction rtx

In theory this script does exactly what I need. If the estimatedFee variable gets the correct value

But I can't seem to find the sweet spot that will allow for the sweep of the wallet, I get Insufficient funds or there will be some leftovers.

What can I do?


texts: How Do I Fix This Error Without Loosing Stored Blocks On Pc?

texts:
I opened my Bitcoin Core program today on my Windows 7 PC via an external hard disk (1 TB) and I found the following error:

MinGW Runtime Assertion
Assertion Failed!
Program: E:\Blockchain\bitcoin-qt.ex
File: chain.cpp, line 103
Expression: pindexWalk-> pprev

DEBUG LOG: http://pastebin.com/YNEuRAcv
How do I fix this error without losing the blocks on my external hard disk which I have synchronized for months?


texts: Best way to get the OID of an order created at TradeHill?

texts:
I'm working on my first trading script using the TradeHill API.

I find it pretty annoying that the OID of an order isn't returned to you when you create a new buy/sell order.

How exactly can you get the OID of a freshly created order? I'm thinking that you will have to have a list of orders before it is created and compare this with the new list after the order.

You must then find the new OID in the list?

Is this the only way?


texts: Why are coinbase transaction outputs greater than reward?

texts: If the sum of the coinbase transaction's outputs must be less than or equal to the current reward (25 btc currently), why in practice do blocks have a slightly higher coinbase transaction output (for example this block has a coinbase transaction with an output value of 25.25058085 BTC.


texts: How is Zclassic's pszTimeStamp generated, and what does it mean?

texts:
How is pszTimestamp from Zclassic generated, and what does it mean ?

Zclassic860413afe207aa173afee4fcfa9166dc745651c754a41ea8f155646f5aa828ac

Any idea?

Same encryption is used in BTCP and Zcash.


texts: Custom filter for mtgox depth api request

texts:
I am looking at mtgox api documentation and specifically at Multi Currency depth http://data.mtgox.com/api/1/BTCUSD/depth/fetch

It returns back the list of asks and bids and a filter criteria like this:

filter_min_price: {
    value: "42.25504",
    value_int: "4225504",
    display: "$42.26",
    display_short: "$42.26",
    currency: "USD"
},
filter_max_price: {
    value: "51.64504",
    value_int: "5164504",
    display: "$51.65",
    display_short: "$51.65",
    currency: "USD"
}

Is it possible to apply the custom filter and get the filtered response from the server? Say if I wanted a smaller min/max price range. Can this be done in the API request?

I understand I can filter the response on the client after I get all the data, but was looking for a way to do it via api


texts: Why is the field 'hash' necessary in a bitcoin transaction?

texts:
Using bitcoin-cli decoderawtransaction I see results like...

{
  "txid": "d2183b3ea763f41a30ec5ba6fbf6e5f32e0ca6a5e8761249c533fe22190f71f1",
  "hash": "d2183b3ea763f41a30ec5ba6fbf6e5f32e0ca6a5e8761249c533fe22190f71f1",
  "version": 2,
  "size": 225,
  "vsize": 225,
   etc...

Why is the "hash" field necessary if the txid field is already a hash? (more specifically a double-pass through SHA-256 of the transaction's data)

I'm noticing in some transactions that txid and hash are equal, but in others they're not.  Appreciate any explanation on the difference since I'm struggling to figure it out through Google and the source code comments.


texts: How is the witness reserved value set in a coinbase transaction?

texts: In a coinbase transaction the second transaction output seems always to be a 32-byte witness reserved value. Is there any constraint on this value?


texts: Installed latest Bitcoin-Qt, fully synced, but 'getreceivedbyaddress' etc doesn't work?

texts:
I downloaded and installed Bitcoin-Qt 0.8.6, fully synced the block chain (according to the software itself) and now trying some basic commands through the console.

For some reason, getreceivedbyaddress <address> always returns zero, even for addresses that I know contain some bitcoins.

For example: getreceivedbyaddress 1Dorian4RoXcnBv9hnQ4Y2C1an6NJ4UrjX gives 0.00000000 (mini-screenshot), yet we can all verify that this address actually did receive bitcoins (see comment).

Restarted the software several times, restarted my PC, and also tried doing this from the command line using bitcoind instead of the Bitcoin-Qt user interface, still the same result.

Am I doing something wrong or misunderstanding Bitcoin-Qt?


texts: Can a two-block-sized chain override the main chain?

texts:
After i read this:

Honest generators only build onto a block (by referencing it in blocks they create) if it is the latest block in the longest valid chain. "Length" is calculated as total combined difficulty of that chain, not number of blocks, though this distinction is only important in the context of a few potential attacks. A chain is valid if all of the blocks and transactions within it are valid, and only if it starts with the genesis block.
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Block_chain

Would it be possible to mine a block after the genisis block, which has a higher difficulty then all blocks in the mainchain together and override the blockchain with my own one? --- just hypothetical, i know that such a difficulty is ismost impossible to reach... but with some luck?


texts: I'm thinking about ordering two 63 GH/s Bitcoin miner's from Anamurminers.com Also see: http://anamurminers.com/asic-miner. Can this company be trusted? They say they can ship two to the UK straight away.


texts: Issues decoding the words to transaction hex

texts:
I had asked a question earlier about compressing the transaction hex as it was used in a project that involved sending text messages (160 characters limit per message):
Compress transaction hex string
So I have used a different approach and here's the project details: https://github.com/prayank23/OfflineTx
Converting transaction hex to words is working as expected. I have issues decoding the words to transaction hex using python code mentioned here: https://gist.github.com/grubles/41a8ab74afe2cee6ef7128b07438455b
It doesn't return the last 4 characters when trying to decode the words.
Values used in this example:
Tx hex: 02000000000101e939fb23e9991ebbc75fd08c736da32ca12d98a4ff1b8e970e97f5661927ee410100000000fdffffff02b0a90a000000000016001421e2f997b3bd36e273eaca365da8515a389444ae40420f0000000000160014829e2dbcf6b7f31bc93633971f71f6f6b9b5f89e0247304402200f8e3e573be749caf1964a85707bf540de2e7b367ae46c23bd4f21932ff82346022062dc3007072cd5a19b45e479525f4829bc48be4fd3c21b5a9ae34bcf9a3a3ccf0121020f88c7db36cbb492e80d3062fc19db55bed82687498f8cfe6d0cf47adf6687aa49f31b00
Words: answer frost position wrote message message actually calm energy iron dust valley music rock core blink regret frighten wife moonlight weave shove pride add mystery veil press gentle collapse aunt like like like skin tool patient dirt muscle holy like like like apple also also goodbye bone raise women along rainbow approach caught drag radio concern rose hate great yell worse forever stuck like like like alive bid tool shy flood truly house knock fade blow paint forest street stain mock never murder plant void history sentence rant often loose often utter book explain born point throughout hero gone worship closet canvas please sanctuary too although upon truly shimmer wow rather laugh simply twenty creation take garden innocent bench kiss companion reveal nine shall stolen angel dark candle dew anymore disguise darling happiness bound treat morning group weave stand grown ourselves rhyme bowl consider grace worse other torment like half law shower fruit reality dread third barely enough nail match rare manage tower honor ready


texts: Why it is not possible for a payee to verify double-spends of the coin?

texts:
I'm reading Bitcoin paper of Satoshi Nakamoto (https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf).

It says:

  Each owner transfers the coin to the next by digitally signing a hash
  of the previous transaction and the public key of the next owner and
  adding these to the end of the coin. A payee can verify the signatures
  to verify the chain of ownership.

And the very next sentence is:

  The problem of course is the payee can't verify that one of the owners
  did not double-spend the coin.

That is, as I understand, after every transaction a new transaction hash is generated. So, first, it is not possible to double-spend a coin because it already has a new previous transaction hash. Second, why it says payee can't verify a double-spend if every transaction a coin has a new previous transaction hash?


texts:
I want to buy a full bitcoin at the current price. But coinbase only allows me to buy in $250 increments. Where can I go to purchase an entire bitcoin?

I would go to Localbitcoins.com but their fees are usually too high.

So what I need is a low fee way of buying an entire bitcoin.

Thanks


texts: How can I calculate the profitability of this dash cloud mining contract?

texts: I'm looking at a cloud mining contract by Genesis Mining at $500 for two years mining with 100 MH/s for Dash. The current network hashrate is 2550 MH/s. The mining reward is 3.6 dash per block, and there were 550 blocks in the last 24 hours. How can I calculate when I'll break even and how much profit I could possibly make over the duration of the two years assuming these factors remain the same.


texts: What do exchanges base their Bitcoin and alt currency prices on? What makes them say that they will sell bitcoins for certain amount? Do they increase and decrease their price based on what other exchanges are selling for?


texts: Is it possible for more than 21 million bitcoins to exist if 51% agree?

texts:
One of the commonly cited advantages of bitcoin is that there's guaranteed to be only 21 million bitcoins.

However, my understanding is that the bitcoin protocol is patched by an opensource community, is it possible that the bitcoin miners could start using code that allows for more than 21m bitcoin?


texts: Why is there no decentralized Bitcoin trading API?

texts:
Since nobody has answered me the last 30 times when I asked for decentralized Bitcoin trading APIs, I can pretty safely conclude that it just doesn't exist. So that's why I now ask why this is.

Don't you think it's ironic that Bitcoin, the decentralized currency, has no means of trading it with other cryptocurrencies, or with some kind of token, or with fiat, or in any way, without using one of those centralized "exchanges" which all force you to give up privacy completely and send them photo id of government ids and stuff like that?

It should go without saying that such centralized exchanges, with their "KYC/AML" demands, defeat the entire point of Bitcoin -- to not be harassed in this manner. Many of us cannot even do it, even if we wanted, because we simply don't have any "photo ids" from the government and have no interest in getting any.

I know about Bisq. It's the only decentralized "exchange" for Bitcoin-fiat that I know of. It has only a read-only API, meaning you cannot actually trade with it. The progress of their API seems to be zero since years and years when they started talking about it. I'm not holding my breath and believe that it could very well never be released.

For this reason, I ask you: Why is there no such thing as a decentralized Bitcoin API? Bisq apparently can stay around for manual use, so it can't be "illegal".

You'd think with all this money in circulation and all these countless marketplaces for cryptocurrencies, there would at least be one small project which give you the ability to script-trade Bitcoin! It's maddening to me that there is no such thing from the looks of it. I have searched for countless hours but nothing is found in search engines and nobody answers whenever I ask them on IRC or Stack sites.

Please at least give me a good reason why this is. Normally, there is at least some logical explanation for things. In this case, it's just utterly baffling to me.


texts:
I've found serious problem with bitcoinj's fullnode. I started downloading blockchain two days ago with bitcoin-qt and today it's complete. With bitcoinj I started downloading block chain about 4 months ago and now it's still downloading it. I've figured out that it's a problem with downloading speed because of these informations:

[PeerGroup Thread] INFO org.bitcoinj.core.PeerGroup - 0 blocks/sec, 0 tx/sec, 0 pre-filtered tx/sec, avg/last 2.81/0.00 kilobytes per sec (stall threshold <1.56 KB/sec for 10 seconds)
[PeerGroup Thread] INFO org.bitcoinj.core.PeerGroup - 0 blocks/sec, 0 tx/sec, 0 pre-filtered tx/sec, avg/last 2.50/0.00 kilobytes per sec (stall threshold <1.56 KB/sec for 10 seconds)
[PeerGroup Thread] INFO org.bitcoinj.core.PeerGroup - 0 blocks/sec, 0 tx/sec, 0 pre-filtered tx/sec, avg/last 2.19/0.00 kilobytes per sec (stall threshold <1.56 KB/sec for 10 seconds)
[PeerGroup Thread] INFO org.bitcoinj.core.PeerGroup - 0 blocks/sec, 0 tx/sec, 0 pre-filtered tx/sec, avg/last 1.88/0.00 kilobytes per sec (stall threshold <1.56 KB/sec for 10 seconds)
[PeerGroup Thread] INFO org.bitcoinj.core.PeerGroup - 0 blocks/sec, 0 tx/sec, 0 pre-filtered tx/sec, avg/last 1.56/0.00 kilobytes per sec (stall threshold <1.56 KB/sec for 10 seconds)
[PeerGroup Thread] INFO org.bitcoinj.core.PeerGroup - 0 blocks/sec, 0 tx/sec, 0 pre-filtered tx/sec, avg/last 1.25/0.00 kilobytes per sec (stall threshold <1.56 KB/sec for 10 seconds)
[PeerGroup Thread] WARN org.bitcoinj.core.PeerGroup - Chain download stalled: received 1.25 KB/sec for 10 seconds, require average of 1.56 KB/sec, disconnecting [127.0.0.1]:8333

Even when my node is connected with loclahost bitcoin-qt only, it takes about 5-7 minutes to download one block (I've also checked bitcoin-qt logs and depending on the statistics, 1MB has been send to my bitcoinj node). After this, downloading peer is closing and bitcoinj is searching for new downloading peer. Also there is a problem with this:

[Script verification] INFO org.bitcoin.Secp256k1Context - java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: no secp256k1 in java.library.path

Is it a serious issue or should I forget about this information?


texts: How to know the destination address of a multisig?

texts:
Run this command:
bitcoin-cli getrawtransaction 56214420a7c4dcc4832944298d169a75e93acf9721f00656b2ee0e4d194f9970 2
You will see the first vout is a multisig as follow:
 {
      "value": 0.04030000,
      "n": 0,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "2 02c08786d63f78bd0a6777ffe9c978cf5899756cfc32bfad09a89e211aeb926242 033e81519ecf373ea3a5c7e1c051b71a898fb3438c9550e274d980f147eb4d069d 036d568125a969dc78b963b494fa7ed5f20ee9c2f2fc2c57f86c5df63089f2ed3a 3 OP_CHECKMULTISIG",
        "hex": "522102c08786d63f78bd0a6777ffe9c978cf5899756cfc32bfad09a89e211aeb92624221033e81519ecf373ea3a5c7e1c051b71a898fb3438c9550e274d980f147eb4d069d21036d568125a969dc78b963b494fa7ed5f20ee9c2f2fc2c57f86c5df63089f2ed3a53ae",
        "reqSigs": 2,
        "type": "multisig",
        "addresses": [
          "1PfTD843HiN2PPpxFnMwyxN7se6MEf2ech",
          "1JXc8zsSeAPwqfAzLbBnZxNTfetZexH2bW",
          "1Ng4YU2e2H3E86syX2qrsmD9opBHZ42vCF"
        ]
      }
 },

And from bitinfochart, we can see the destination address is not

1PfTD843HiN2PPpxFnMwyxN7se6MEf2ech
1JXc8zsSeAPwqfAzLbBnZxNTfetZexH2bW
1Ng4YU2e2H3E86syX2qrsmD9opBHZ42vCF

but 3844dWM7n5c1oAYhtQc5uLtKB6TjN5PSW4
Can someone tell me how to get the destination address, 3844dWM7n5c1oAYhtQc5uLtKB6TjN5PSW4?