texts:
I transferred all of my 0.0105 BTC in one address to “1Px92t3MBmZcMfomZmt2BKqaaWHRp2y7fQ” through Bitcoin Core. There are two transaction records as following:

Details are:

  Status: 9 confirmations

> Date: 2016/12/3 19:30

> Debit: -0.01036619 BTC

> Net amount: -0.01036619 BTC

> Transaction ID:
  e71a265559886a784b242a77d952f58821deada04c547d26b61032ee4f8f5360

> Output index: 0

  Status: 10 confirmations, broadcast through 6 node(s)

> Date: 2016/12/3 19:19

> To: huobi 1Px92t3MBmZcMfomZmt2BKqaaWHRp2y7fQ (watch-only)

> Debit: -0.01036619 BTC

> Credit: 0.01036619 BTC

> Total debit: -0.01036619 BTC

> Total credit: 0.01036619 BTC

> Transaction fee: -0.00013381 BTC

> Net amount: -0.00013381 BTC

> Transaction ID:
  9ff577cea7b86667eaea93084b4fb7ed75a5ed6d14bdc6e0557ca8fdc55efb82

> Output index: 0

Two questions:

FIRST
Why there two transaction records and one of them with type “Payment to yourself”? My balance is 0 now.

SECOND
getrawtransaction

  9ff577cea7b86667eaea93084b4fb7ed75a5ed6d14bdc6e0557ca8fdc55efb82 1

results: No information available about transaction (code -5)

  What does the transaction
  9ff577cea7b86667eaea93084b4fb7ed75a5ed6d14bdc6e0557ca8fdc55efb82
  represented?


texts: What stops miners from no longer submitting failed hashes to the network, to reduce the difficulty and block time?

texts: As I understand it, the difficulty adjusts based on the hashrate to keep the block times at 10 minute intervals. But if Alice and Bob are the only ones mining on the network, what's to stop Alice from only broadcasting the correct hash that she finds, effectively reducing the seen hashrate by 2 and making blocks 5 minutes instead?


texts: What are the options available to convert Bitcoin to Paypal USD?

texts: I have, recently, started earning some Bitcoins from CoinURL.com. I want to know all the options available for converting these earned Bitcoins to Paypal USD.


texts: Purpose of unique header in block hashing algorithm

texts:
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Block_hashing_algorithm said this about the block header:

"Given just those fields, people would frequently generate the exact same sequence of hashes as each other and the fastest CPU would almost always win."

But isn't that exactly what we want?

So, they use the merkleRoot which makes the header nearly unique and "Every hash you calculate has the same chance of winning as every other hash calculated by the network."

I guess this change makes CPU speed less important, but not much less important.  How much less important is CPU speed (or even network latency) with the addition of the merkleRoot to the block header?


texts: Would it be possible to dictate a bech32 address as a list of English words?

texts:
One of the reason for bech32 address is: "it'easier to dictate it over the phone".

Is there an algorithm to convert a bech32 address into a list of English words that would make it even easier?

Something like BIP39 but inverted (address to words instead of words to seed).

The dictionary used in BIP39 would be enough?
How many words would be necessary at best to express an address?

Probably it is better to dictate the address than 50 words but what about 25 or so?.


texts: Bitcoin Mining Pool setup - Pool does not own wallet address

texts:
I have setup multiple pools in the past for different Algo using NOMP, UNOMP, MPOS, YIIMP, etc open source solution. But it is first time I am setting a pool for Bitcoin - Tried UNOMP, NOMP, and NiceNOMP already. Mining works perfectly fine. Blocks are found, submitted, and balance is also visible in the node.
However, the payouts doesn't work. On checking the logs, I see an error
Daemon does not own pool address - payment processing can not be done with this daemon, {"isvalid":true,"address":"<wallet-address","scriptPubKey":"<script-publickey>","isscript":false,"iswitness":false}

I have triple checked wallet address with.
bitcoin-cli getaddressesbylabel ""

It belongs to the node. Just to be 100% sure, I also tried
bitcoin-cli dumpprivkey <wallet-address>

I did receive the private key for the wallet address specified. Further, I also updated the conf file to use legacy address only:
 addresstype=legacy

Node and pool are hosted on the same server connecting through 127.0.0.1
Below is the config file removing the obvious security details:
rpcuser=
rpcpassword=
txindex=1
server=1
addresstype=legacy
fallbackfee=0.00001


texts:
I'm sure I am missing something here. But not sure what ...

Proof of work - after all is said and done, when a hash is found (about 10 min), it is said to be like someone hitting the lottery. Anyone that wins the lottery should be able to prove that a cost was incurred. So there are two things:

Include a cost to finding the hash.
The winner is considered "random" because finding the hash is an iterative guessing process.

The result is a huge energy burn and the result "mimics" a random winner.

QUESTION: Can the bitcoin network randomly select a subset of the existing nodes, for each block, who then compete to solve the hash? For example, if there are 100,000 nodes, the network randomly selects 10% or 10,000 nodes who are allowed to compete to find the hash. Or take it to a smaller number like 1% or 1,000 nodes, etc.

The burning question is: Why can we not mimic the proof of work process and save a ton of energy along the way?

Why not have all the nodes that wish to enter each block lottery pay a small fee. They all currently incur electricity cost so from a financial standpoint, does it matter whether they pay a small lottery fee or pay a small fee to the electric company?

EXAMPLE: for the next block, here is the process:

All 100,000 nodes pay (arbitrary number for now to make point) 1000
satoshis.
The bitcoin network randomly (maybe this is tricky part)
selects a subset percentage. Say 10% or 10,000 nodes. These are the nodes that compete for the next block entry.

BENEFITS:

There is still a cost incurred by each participant without the energy usage.
The energy usage is now a fraction of the total network participation for the iterative hash search.
It can allow more node participation by less powerful computers. A laptop will still be at a disadvantage, but is now competing against 9,999 other computers instead of the hashing power of the entire network.

To make sense of this is the fact that the end result of the current process is a "random" winner that can prove a cost has been incurred.

Can the lottery fee approach achieve the same goal without sacrificing security?


texts:
Looking at Dev Update #5 and in particular the OP_RETURN data function due to be included in 0.9 release, how is data returned during the transaction?

Am I meant to create a new txout with no value and a scriptPubKey with just "OP_RETURN mydata" or is it included as part of another txout with a value and being sent to an actual address? How is the data represented when reaching the other end?

If I have asked the wrong question it could be due to my limited understanding of how scripting is meant to be used. In which case links to resources explaining this better would be appreciated.

Thanks


texts: What are 'pegged' side chains are and how they will be useful for Bitcoin?

texts:
What seems to be a very important paper was released this past week (http://www.blockstream.com/sidechains.pdf). It centers around the idea of 'pegged' side chains, and being able to move coins from one blockchain to another.

Can someone summarize how these pegged side chains would work?

How will they be useful for bitcoin?


texts:
Say I have two accounts in my wallet. Account A has one address, account B though has 5 address. Each address in account B has a dust amount of coin in it. If I were to use the rpc 'move' command, moving each piece of dust from the respective address in account B over to one lump in account A

  Accounts, exist only within the Bitcoin Core client. They are just a bookkeeping device to group your funds. You can move coins between accounts with the move command in the Bitcoin Core console. This updates the client's internal records to adjust the balances of those accounts, but doesn't actually cause any coins to move between addresses, so it has no fee.

How is that valid, as account A would have the one primary address? Does this mean that I am sending to another account owned by me so the coin dust is landing in the account ignoring the primary address?

And say for example I then used the lump in account A to buy some new boots. Wouldn't that make the next fee that account A would pay higher as it was made from a collection of dust(s)?

Would I have to wait a considerable amount of time to lower the fee? Is there another strategy I could use to bring the fee down? Like importing an external key from an compressed pubkey from another wallet (C), paying to to C from A. I don't yet fully understand public keys and compression but as I understand sending to them is considerably cheaper (something to do with inputs?.. not too sure what exactly those are)

I feel sort of like I am understanding more, can someone please clarify a little and/or correct me?

Edit-1

What if I wait a while then as Tim S suggests... Account B has 5 addresses, lets look at one of them (an address with piece of dust in it). Lets say that some more dust payments were sent to that address making the 'dust pile' grow.

At what point is it not dusty?
Are there still too many inputs?

(Am I confused by the term 'inputs': "inputs from many addresses in your wallet" or "inputs from many payments to the one address")

Say I waited 3 days after all the dust came in and settled until it gained priority, then sent the whole dust pile (from that account B address only) to another address. Would it be more worth sending / have I made the situation better?


texts: yesterday evening I send out 0.97 BTC. I checked transaction and It says : " lock time 459355"

texts:
are my coins lost ? please help

It says Lock Time: 459355

and still unconfirmed since yesterday


texts: what is good starter for trading with bitcoin

texts:
I would like to try trading with bitcoin, but I am new at trading so I am asking for advise which market pick to get started.

what do I require:
fast market with lot of trades
no need of huge money input
reliable bitcoin market

I don't know where to start. this will be my bachelor's paper, I am good at math but have no clue how to get started in bitcoin :)

thank you


texts: How effective is the blockchain algorithm?

texts: I am studying the algorithm of Bitcoin and I don't understand one thing. If all miners are mining the next block at the same time, and there are thousands of nodes, how could it be that there are no collisions (two blocks found at the same time)? I wonder how effective this process is? As I understood the algorithm, the mining must be sequential (with order), and this can only be done if all miners mine the next block at the same time, because hash of the previous block must go within the next block. But if they mine it at the same time, there must be a lot of collisions. However I can't find anything about collisions or low effectiveness of this blockchain algorithm.


texts: How to get full Block information like blockchain?

texts:
How to get these values?

Output Total
Estimated Transaction Volume
Transaction Fees
Relayed by


texts: Easy way to accept bitcoin payments without external service

texts:
Is there a way to accept Bitcoin payments without running a full node or rely on an external service?

I'm thinking in some way to validate the transaction and then broadcast it to the network.


texts: How does a share hash compare to a block hash? Can a miner view the contents of the current block?

texts:
Is it true that a share hash is simply the same thing as a block hash, but with a lower difficulty?

Is there any way for a miner in a pool to get a list of all the data being hashed (not sure if that is simply the merkle tree, or everything from ListTransactions)?

If the answer is "no", what is the underlying data that is being hashed, and how is it used?


texts:
I have read the documentation for BitForex on placing a buy order here:
https://github.com/bitforexapi/API_Doc_en/wiki/Order

Then after understanding that, I read the API Call Description documentation:
https://github.com/bitforexapi/API_Doc_en/wiki/API-Call-Description

Here is what I have in my code:

var crypto = require('crypto')
var axios = require('axios');
var accessKey = 'xxx';
var secretKey = 'xxx';

var nonce = Date.now().toString();

var amount = "1"
var price = "0.00015393"
var symbol = "coin-eth-bf"

// tradeType 1 is buy , tradeType 2 is sell
var tradeType = "1"
var message = `/api/v1/trade/placeOrder?accessKey=${accessKey}&amount=${amount}&nonce=${nonce}price=${price}&symbol=${symbol}&tradeType=${tradeType}`;

var hash = crypto.createHmac('sha256', secretKey).update(message);
var signData = hash.digest('hex');
axios.post(`https://api.bitforex.com/api/v1/trade/placeOrder?accessKey=${accessKey}&amount=${amount}&nonce=${nonce}price=${price}&symbol=${symbol}&tradeType=${tradeType}`)
    .then(function (response) {
    console.log(response.data);
    })
    .catch(function (error) {
    console.log(error);
    });

I keep getting an error:

{ code: '1011',
  success: false,
  time: xxx,
  message: 'NeedParam accessKey and signData' }

I am currently at a loss to why I keep receive this error.
I am passing both the accessKey and signData in.
The part that is fuzzy to me is the signData.

Am I creating the signData properly based on the documentation?
Also, am does order matter for the parameters that are being passed
in? Anything else I may potentially be doing wrong?


texts: How does the Bitcoin p2p network work? Does it need port forwarding?

texts:
But does every peer node in the bitcoin p2p network need to have ports forwarded in order to participate? Otherwise, how does the p2p network work in the Bitcoin network?

I heard that there are some technologies for implementing peer-to-peer networks such as UPnP and Hole Punching, does Bitcoin use any of these technologies for its p2p network?


texts: Total number of hashes performed for bitcoin purposes?

texts:
I would like to estimate the total number of hashes (double SHA-256) that have been performed for bitcoin purposes.

As an estimate, I downloaded mining stats, massaged the numbers (assuming the rate shown is for the period ending at the date indicated and starting at the date before), came to 201⋅1024 hashes (equivalently 287.38 or 288.38 SHA-256) on Oct 28, 2017.
[update: 517⋅1024 hashes that is 288.74 or 289.74 SHA-256 by May 4, 2018].

Did I goof badly in that estimation of the hashes used for mining?

What other comparably non-negligible number of hashes is performed for bitcoin purposes, and how can that be estimated?

Clarifying: I'm looking only for things that represent a sizable fraction of the number of hashes spent for mining, say at least 0.5%; I'm totally willing to ignore the rest.


texts: Can we estimate how many node has the Bitcoin network?

texts:
Is it possible to estimate the amount of nodes (hosts) are connected to the Bitcoin network in a given time?

Note: Here node means host.


texts:
How can I start development in Bitcoin?
I am a software engineer and i am interested in development and programming part of bitcoin. A little guidance would be appreciated.


texts:
I recently saw an offer to "Buy Bitcoin Core with your credit card".
Is this "Bitcoin Core" the same thing as BTC?


texts: How to see download sync speed when syncing the Bitcoin 0.17.1 Blockchain on Ubuntu 18?

texts: I'm syncing the bitcoin 0.17.1 blockchain from the beginning on Ubuntu 18 using Bitcoin Core Qt gui client. Is there a way to see the download speed of the Bitcoin Blockchain and how much time I have left to get it fully synced?


texts:
I need to pay someone who doesn't use Bitcoin. I don't use paypal.

Is it possible to create a Google wallet and add Bitcoin to the balance? I have seen conflicting answers. I believe you cannot do it directly but I have seen sites that claim to give you $1.5 in Google Wallet money for each $1 in BTC you trade.

Is there a safe way to do this or another method?


texts: How to import a HD wallet from an extended private key

texts:
I'd like to export a derived private key from my Electrum HD wallet, and use it as a HD wallet master key in a Mycelium wallet.

I used bx to get the key like this (m/2'/0) (where m is the unencrypted xprv key extracted from default_wallet JSON):

$ cat m | bx hd-private --index 2 --hard \
        | bx hd-to-wif | qrencode -o - | feh -

And scanned the resulting QR code in Mycelium using the "Add Unrelated Account/Scan".

The wallet works, but it's treated as a "single-address" wallet, not a HD wallet. I presumed that the derived xprv can be used as a master key for deriving more keys, since it contains the chaincode. Is that not the case?

Also, the Mycelium "Add Unrelated Account" screen says that

  Scan Bitcoin address, private key or HD-Account.

What format does "HD-Account" mean? Is it WIF?

UPDATE: To make it clear, the key thing I want is to have a HD account in Mycelium, whith a master key derived from my Electrum HD wallet.

The purpose of this is to have only one seed to remember store - the seed of the Electrum wallet. If my phone is lost, or my Mycelium wallet is compromised, I only have to derive it's master key again from my Electrum master key, reconstruct the wallet keys, take the money and run. And since the Mycelium master key is hardened, I don't have to worry about the rest of the tree being compromised, even if the master public key leaks.

Based on answers of Christopher Gurnee and Wizard of Ozzie, I could build a diagram to make it more clear:

UPDATE 2: Updated diagram to match Mycelium's behavior of treating imported extended private keys.


texts:
So I've read most of what is tagged with walletnotify, but haven't found a solution. I know walletnotify is supposed to run twice, one for the unconfirmed transaction and again, when it reaches 1 confirmation. For me, it runs twice, right off the bat.

bitcoin.conf:

server=1
daemon=1

maxconnections=12
maxuploadtarget=20
rpcuser=xxxx
rpcpassword=xxxx
testnet=1
rpcallowip=52.86.xx.xx
walletnotify=/home/scripts/transaction.sh %s
keypool=10000

transaction.sh:

#!/bin/sh
F=notify_log
D=`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M%S"`
echo ${D} - ${1} >> ${F}

Produces an output of:

20180126015435 - cf59f4c18a80773164c7efdf2a77722099722b3a61274f940aea52cbd600db2b
20180126015435 - cf59f4c18a80773164c7efdf2a77722099722b3a61274f940aea52cbd600db2b

Same TXID, same timestamp. But why twice?


texts: Is there a generally agreed on protocol for creating proof of solvency?

texts: After the MtGox incident, a lot of Bitcoin exchanges started pursuing audits and creating a proof of solvency / liability to prove to their users they remain solvent. While proving that one owns the required amount of coins is fairly easy, I am wondering - has anyone created a generally acceptable protocol for proving how much an exchange owes its customers based on the account balances in their database without revealing users' private information?


texts: How to move money to the default bitcoind wallet?

texts:
I am using bitcoind and have been playing around.

Recently I used the sendtoaddress command to send 0.50btc without realizing the implications of this command versus sendfrom.  Now when I list my accounts I see the following:

$ bitcoind listaccounts
{
    "" : -0.60010000,
    "w1" : 0.74584297,
    "w2" : 0.00022000,
    "w3" : 0.00000000
}

So at this point my main/default wallet has -0.60010000 and my w1 wallet shows 0.74584297.

I can list the default wallet address using:

$ bitcoind getaddressesbyaccount ""

However, is it possible to transfer funds locally to the default wallet or should I just use a explicit sendfrom with w2's address?

Is there a way to move 0.74584297 to the default wallet without having to send over the network and incur a fee?

Thanks!


texts: How nodes verify if the hash on a P2SH output is from a valid script?

texts: I understand how the validation works if someone wants to spend coins from a multisig address. But what if the receiver makes a mistake and provides an invalid script hash to the sender? Is there anyway that nodes can verify if the hash is from a valid script?


texts: Why does wallet.dat differ after running?

texts: What information is exactly saved inside the wallet.dat file? When I run the bitcoin daemon, then stop, then compare the new wallet.dat file with the old one, the binary files differ, although I didn't make any new transactions. Can you explain the reason of this behavior?


texts: Is it true that as long as you have the public and private key for a bitcoin address, you are safe?

texts:
So i created a public & private key on blockchain.info and printed it out as a paper wallet. Am I safe to say that no one can comprise it unless they physically get a hold of my piece of paper?

Also I want to be safe in the fact that I can redeem this public/private key by inputting it into one of the desktop applications? which ones would work?


texts: Are there alternatives to ButterflyLabs?

texts:
there's something I want to address... I want to get into mining business, but the problem is that BFLabs has that problem of delays and uncertainty for the shipping date. I want to buy 5 rigs of 500 GHash/s each one, but to have nearly $120k USD stuck for how much time who knows...

Is there any alternative to BFLabs? One that that at least have shipping dates estimates. Many thanks to all.


texts: What happens if nodes have different P2P versions during discovery?

texts:
My understanding is that nodes connecting to each other to exchange messages starts with a version handshake such that each node sends its P2P protocol version and gets an acknowledgement and vice versa. If the nodes are running different versions then communication cannot continue.
So according to this developer reference would it be correct to conclude that a node running Bitcoin Core v0.13.2 and another running on release v0.13.0 would not communicate?
Also, if a significant number of nodes run different protocol versions, is this situation what would result in a hard fork?


texts: Electrum - Why do I have to Restore every time I use it?

texts: I did not forget my password. I have been done dozens of transactions with Electrum, and every time I try to send bitcoins, I get "Invalid Password". So I restore from seed, set a new password, use it to make a transaction, or two, but it seems after a few hours it somehow expires. This method works, but is mysterious and annoying.


texts: why does Indian Bitcoin exchanges offer huge spreads( Bid and Ask)?

texts: Why does Indian bitcoin exchnages are offering huge spread and why not international exchanges(ex:bitstamp,btc-e)


texts: Is it possible to capture network events without going full-node?

texts:
You might find my question rather quixotic or nonsense. But I have to ask it here.
I want to capture all the transactions propagated over the main network and detect if a new block mined. I don't want to become a full-node or spv-node. Technically, I know this is exactly the way all the full/spv nodes do every now and then. However, I could not found a good reference to teach me how.
Is it a way to do so? Any technical resources would be appreciated.


texts:
On The bitcoin core wallet you don't have to wait for it to sync to after your outgoing transaction in order for the transaction sent from the wallet to be confirmed and arrive at the addressee, does it? It's all about paying an appropriate transaction fee, right?

I only ask because on 2 attempts now after consulting bitcoinfees21 I have tried to establish a transaction fee that will be enough to be sent before the transaction bounces back and still no avail, separate question but it's a three day window until the transaction bounces back if still not confirmed, right?

Any help would really be appreciated. Thanks ...


texts: How to Enable Port Forwarding for Litecoin Mining?

texts:
I've just started Litecoin mining, and I've realized that my blockchain takes eons to download, even though its only less than 4GB.  I've read several other posts on the same problem, but none of them seem to give a comprehensive step by step tutorial on how to port forward.  Could someone please explain to me the details on how to port forward for Litecoin mining? I've gotten this far:

Thanks!

EDIT: Ok, I've set up a rule for my firewall to allow the Litecoin ports, but now I'm stuck at setting up a reserved address.  Here's a picture:

EDIT: Alright, I've found my device on the list of devices on my LAN (Tim-W) and clicked the button saying always use the same IP Address. Is that what I'm supposed to do?  BTW, there has been no real change in the number of connections, or connection speed with the Litecoin Network since I had done this.  It seems that the peak was about 13 connections after I set a rule for my firewall to allow the Litecoin ports, then it just went downwards - I'm stuck at around 39 weeks left to download off the blockchain:

Something else I noted was that I couldn't assign the Litecoin port settings to my device either.


texts: So I finally got P2Pool up and running after a lot of trial and error. When I launched my miner, I noticed that the Network Difficulty is the same as Bitcoins overall difficulty (1.93T). When I mined in pools they would always adjust to an appropriate level, such as 200 or even down to 1. Is this just how solo mining works or is there something that I can adjust, because I will never get a share at that high of a difficulty.


texts: How can we trust any crypto currency if the NSA could use 51% attacks?

texts: My understanding of cryptocurrencies is that with the "51% attack" you can fake transactions and stop anybody from making any transactions. If any crypto currency actually threatens Government backed currencies then what would stop a company like the NSA from using their resources from attacking the currency? They have to have enough money and enough computing power if they are collecting all this data and are backed by the United States Government.


texts: How to retrieve Bitcoin transfer unconfirmed for 10 days

texts: I’m very new to Bitcoin. I had Bitcoin sent to wallet on Bitcoin.com and then sent to wallet in cash app that I am familiar with. After 12 days it still says unconfirmed and pending. Is there a way to resend and pay higher fee or what can I do to have access and be able to cash in and use money? Please help!!


texts: Bitcoin transactions reserve more coins than needed

texts:
I have a JavaWebApp wich uses bitcoinj 0.13.2 for sending bitcoins from a wallet to a particular address in a TimerTask. When the job starts, every minute I send 10000 satoshis to the address. The fee of the transaction is 1000 satoshis. Transaction confirmations are 0.

The problem is that I randomly get  InsufficientMoneyException , although there are a lot more funds than 11000 available in the wallet , wich are needed for the transactions.

For example I have successfuly completed 1 job for 30 minutes after that i start another to a different address and on the third transaction i got the exception. Even if the fee is more than 1000 or confirmations set > 0, I can't understand how balance like: 0.10720419 BTC (10720419 satoshis) can be exhausted with two transactions for 10000 satoshis(i tried even with wallet which have balance of 9.43673481 BTC (943673481 satoshis) and it has been exhausted with several transactions too)?

When the transaction is complete everything is normal and the available balance is correct, so i can start another transaction but that can take a lot more time than a minute. I can't understand the reason why so many coins are reserved(unavailable).

If its due confirmations or fees, is there any workaround so transaction per minute goal can be achieved?

I use TestNet3 for testing

I use walletKit.wallet().sendCoins(walletKit.peerGroup(), to, Coin.valueOf(amount)) for sending coins.

Before transaction that trigger the exception, previous one are in kind of stuck state - it appears only in sender tx history and stuck on 0 notifications for like 1-2 hours. When it receive 1 confirmation it appears on the receiver wallet tx history with 0 confirmation and with other create date(time).Tx.ID is same. I cant understand the reason for this behavior !? At the moment in wallets tx history i got :

sender: date - 10/27/2015 11:35 amount - 0.0001 fee - 0.00001 conf - 3 tx.id:8eee2f5e92edc0ba8ab656e9364646507158fa91f74364815c7b36ecac7fdd69;

receiver: 10/27/2015 13:52 amount - 0.0001 fee - 0.00001 conf - 0 tx.id:8eee2f5e92edc0ba8ab656e9364646507158fa91f74364815c7b36ecac7fdd69.

I am new in bitcoinj and bitcoins at all but that seems very unusual and i really want to figure out the reason for this behavior !?


texts: Test (r,s) values for signature generation?

texts:
I have some RFC6979 test vectors, but they do not simply give me the (r,s) values before DER encoding (or so it looks?), and I haven't reached that point yet. Where could I find some (r,s) values to test against?  My "expected k" values are passing tests.  Perhaps the (r,s) values are in the "expected signatures" in those tests, but from my brief and naive overview, those "expected signatures" don't look like they are DER encoded, making it harder to find the (r,s) values if they are in there, and if they are not DER encoded (or are simply concatenated r,s values), they definitely are not matching my (r,s) values.

# Test Vectors for RFC 6979 ECDSA, secp256k1, SHA-256
# (private key, message, expected k, expected signature)
test_vectors = [
(0x1, "Satoshi Nakamoto", 0x8F8A276C19F4149656B280621E358CCE24F5F52542772691EE69063B74F15D15, "934b1ea10a4b3c1757e2b0c017d0b6143ce3c9a7e6a4a49860d7a6ab210ee3d82442ce9d2b916064108014783e923ec36b49743e2ffa1c4496f01a512aafd9e5"),
(0x1, "All those moments will be lost in time, like tears in rain. Time to die...", 0x38AA22D72376B4DBC472E06C3BA403EE0A394DA63FC58D88686C611ABA98D6B3, "8600dbd41e348fe5c9465ab92d23e3db8b98b873beecd930736488696438cb6b547fe64427496db33bf66019dacbf0039c04199abb0122918601db38a72cfc21"),
(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364140, "Satoshi Nakamoto", 0x33A19B60E25FB6F4435AF53A3D42D493644827367E6453928554F43E49AA6F90, "fd567d121db66e382991534ada77a6bd3106f0a1098c231e47993447cd6af2d06b39cd0eb1bc8603e159ef5c20a5c8ad685a45b06ce9bebed3f153d10d93bed5"),
(0xf8b8af8ce3c7cca5e300d33939540c10d45ce001b8f252bfbc57ba0342904181, "Alan Turing", 0x525A82B70E67874398067543FD84C83D30C175FDC45FDEEE082FE13B1D7CFDF1, "7063ae83e7f62bbb171798131b4a0564b956930092b33b07b395615d9ec7e15c58dfcc1e00a35e1572f366ffe34ba0fc47db1e7189759b9fb233c5b05ab388ea"),
(0xe91671c46231f833a6406ccbea0e3e392c76c167bac1cb013f6f1013980455c2, "There is a computer disease that anybody who works with computers knows about. It's a very serious disease and it interferes completely with the work. The trouble with computers is that you 'play' with them!", 0x1F4B84C23A86A221D233F2521BE018D9318639D5B8BBD6374A8A59232D16AD3D, "b552edd27580141f3b2a5463048cb7cd3e047b97c9f98076c32dbdf85a68718b279fa72dd19bfae05577e06c7c0c1900c371fcd5893f7e1d56a37d30174671f6")

UPDATED:  The simple question that should have been asked here is whether the expected signature values in the test vectors is a concatenation of the (r,s) values?


texts: Blake-256 genesis block generation helpint

texts:
I'm making my own coin and get problem to generate genesis for my fork.

Genesis need to be blake-256. I was found this git https://github.com/lhartikk/GenesisH0 and tryed to use this script, i also added that hashing algo to my linux systyem.
https://github.com/ocminer/decred-hash

Main problem that i need to include to generation 2 additional parameters, which are not included to that script. That is extrannonce and nversion.

Hope somebody can assist me with that. In that case bounty on coins start is guaranted.


texts: Can I use Antminer S7 PSU to supply the Antminer D3+?

texts:
I can purchase Antminer D3+ at good price, but they sell it without PSU.

I have Antminer S7 PSU  to supply the Antminer D3+?


texts: One node accessible under several ip-addresses?

texts:
Is it possible to make one core-node accessible under several ip-addresses? (with the result that other nodes can not recognize that it is the same node under two different ip-addresses)
If this is not possible: Why?


texts: Is it possible to run bitcoind without downloading the blockchain?

texts:
I'm using bitcoind on a project, and I only need to send bitcoins to myself (from one wallet to another), so trust is not a factor.

That being said, is there a way to run bitcoind without needing to download the full blockchain?

Edit: I know Bitcoin-QT runs as "full node". Does bitcoind?


texts: What are the DER signature and SEC format

texts: I often see those 2 elements in bitcoin documentations and tutorials but I have not yet find a proper definition on the internet for DER signature and SEC format.


texts: 'Create a new receiving address' is greyed out, why?

texts:
on the new wallet I created the button for 'create new receiving address' is greyed out. I've tried looking for answers over several places but most the guides and posts are outdated.
Also the wallet says its encrypted and locked, and on 0.20.1 There does not seem to be an unlock button under 'File' or 'Settings'. I did try to make a send txn where it asked the passphrase to unlock, but given there's no bitcoin in the wallet it failed, but I tried this to see if I could unlock the wallet.
Please help, the default wallet and a new wallet I created (without a passphrase) have no issues on generating a new receiving address, however this encrypted one, I can't click the button to generate a new receiving address, and I can't understand why. I've also enabled 'coin control features'.
Help,


texts: Is there a bitcoin exchange accepting SEPA transfers?

texts:
Since mt.gox had to close its european office, is there any other exchange accepting SEPA transfers?

Sending a wire to the HK office costs much more than a SEPA transfer to me, and I'd like to avoid that extra expense if possible.


texts: I am beginning to work with multi-sig transactions, I understand how they work and how to sign raw transactions but how do you go about A) listing the input transactions for this address using bitcoind and B) more importantly, how do you find the redeemScript and scriptPubKey for constructing the transaction.


texts: bitcoin-cli sendrawtransaction gives odd error 16


texts: Are Hashed Timelock Contracts and Zero-Knowledge Contingent Payments the same thing?

texts:
This answer to How is a node in the middle prohibited from keeping the money in a routed Payment in Lightning network? describes how a Hashed Timelock Contract would be used to exchange the "secret" for a payment. This sounds a lot like the Zero-Knowledge Contingent Payment described by Greg Maxwell.

Would I be correct in assuming that the HTLC would be implemented including a ZKCP?


texts: Where is the number of Bitcoins limit specified?

texts:
Reading the original Nakamoto paper, I cannot see any discussion or reference to the upper bound on the number of bitcoins.

Where is it specified that at most 21 million bitcoins will be minted?


texts:
I just got interested in Bitcoin, set up  a wallet , received a coin w/ a code
and mnemonic but have no idea  how to scan it and deposit it to my wallet.
Is there a 'how to' link that explains this process?   Thanks, RS


texts:
Seems that many people become scared as soon as they seen 1 week or over and discover they've to download the full blockchain(ca. 60 GB now required), so it's full of question about migrating from bitcoin core to electrum? But what about vice versa? Bitcoin core doesn't support sweeping, but it should support, by command line, importing private addresses.
First questions, I read there is dumpwallet, is there a importwallet option that allow to import more than 1 private key at time? This could be a simply option, import all keys at time. Import each keys with importprivkey can be a long operation.
Then, 2nd option, is just send electrum btc to a bitcoin core address right? What about get the electrum wallet, is bitcoin core able of read it in some ways (not with external software)? Is there a way to safely convert?


texts: How much binary data (bytes) could I put in a transaction and how?

texts:
I know that some people had put text, pdf and images in the blockchain.

I wonder which are the limits in order to have a minimum "bytes/btc" value in regarding the blockchain as a permanent database.

How much bytes could I put in a transaction and how many bitcoins I need to use (e.g. in fees) ?

And how this is possible, e.g. using satoshi client?


texts: How do I create a new address in Electrum?

texts:
In Electrum, there is no "New Address" button to be found. I tried under the tab Addresses, but nothing there. If I go to Console and try create(), then it returns:

Traceback (most recent call last): NameError: name 'create' is not defined

(despite create being listed under help)

If I click new under Receive then it says No more addresses in your wallet. At this point I'm not sure what else I can try...


texts: can one verify with certainity that pool is not cheating?

texts:
Can miner validate with 100% certainty that pool operator is not cheating like claiming that your share is smaller compared to other participants? i.e. telling you that your share is smaller than what it actually is.

I'm not telling about big percentage. But lets say can 5% difference remain unnoticed?


texts: Is 2016 a good time to buy an ASIC miner?

texts:
At first, I should add I am not looking at mining for income. I just want to do it for fun but I don't want to waste money either.

In spite of difficulty increases there are a lot of people and companies which are starting to mine Bitcoin and I am one of them who want to start it for fun. So, I want to know whether it is a good time to buy an ASIC (Bitmain S7)?

The electricity cost is very low in my country, so what do you recommend?


texts: What if the system crashes if I have made transactions after my backup?

texts:
Suppose I have a recent backup of my wallet.dat file.

Now I make (say) two transactions: one receipt and one send.

Before I run my next backup, the hard drive crashes and I lose wallet.dat.

I can restore wallet.dat, of course, but only prior to the new two transactions.

What will happen to those two transactions?


texts: Ripple: How to calculate transaction ID (TXID)

texts: Given a signed Ripple transaction, how do I calculate the txid?


texts: Do Bitcoins still need users to trust each other to feel confident?

texts:
So we know that bitcoin is secure up to the point of basically proving P=NP. (Its an open question)

So bitcoin is secure. But I feel it still suffers one problem, as with all transactions(not just bitcoin). One person must either send their stake in the barter first or receive the others and be trusted to return the payment if no escrow is involved.

I am paraphrasing and hopefully not destroying the idea, but when I read the bitcoin whitepaper it seemed like it was aimed so that no escrow needs to be involved to transfer funds online.

So no escrow means we all must trust one another if we want to do transactions with one another? Because one person must receive or send the goods first, and must do so on good faith that they will receive the compensation.


texts: Can Bitcoin be stored in a computer without a wallet , just like a normal file?

texts: Everything on computers are stored in some type of files like .txt , .MP3 , ... Etc , so is it possible that BTC itself could be stored in a PC independently without a wallet , just like any other file on a PC or a phone ? Or is it compulsory to store it in a wallet , so that one couldn't make offline transactions , as that wouldn't be added to the ledger ?


texts: Using BTCPay Server along with a web server in a single machine

texts:
For better context: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63123652/is-there-a-way-to-set-port-in-a-dns-forward
Hello community! I have setup an aws ec2 instance and installed BTCPay server on it. I used the Docker version.
I also bought a domain name and pointed btcpay.example.com to my BTCPay server with an A record.
I want to run a Web server along side BTCPay server at example.com. BTCPay Server has already taken up port 80 and 443 so I guess I'll have to run my web server on another port but how can I specify port number in a DNS record?
With some help I learnt about reverse proxy and I see BTCPay server has an environment variable called "REVERSEPROXY_DEFAULT_HOST: Optional, if using a reverse proxy nginx, specify which website should be presented if the server is accessed by its IP." though I don't understand how to configure this or if its the correct way.
Help please?


texts:
That is the question, why a block needs to have a Merkle root hash, as Iundestand, once a block is mined the hash value of this block is stored at the header of the next one so, it generates the chain.

Is some data is changed, the hash will not be the same so, it is possible to notice that some data is changed.

So I see that storing the merkle root hash at the header of a block is unuseful as it is doing the same thing as hash pointer of the next block of the chain is doing


texts: How can i cancel my pending withdrawal BTC of $1,240. Its been pending for 2 days. it has no confirmations and on the blockchain it says it receives 0 and sent 0. Someone PLEASE help me!


texts:
I believe it's possible to send money to an address that requires two signatures to spend.  But I am trying to figure out how this can be done with paper wallets.

My understanding of multi-signature transactions: I can generate two keypairs, using two different machines and saving them in two different places.  Then funds could be transferred to the combined address, where they could only be unlocked by the presence of both private keys.

My question is, can this be done with ordinary paper wallets, such as from bitaddress.org?  Can I print a paper wallet, and have a friend also print a paper wallet, and then send money to the combined address so that both papers are required to redeem?  Is it as simple as that?  (If so, do any clients support this now?)

Or is there some additional software needed to create the combined address?  Can it be done without bringing the two private keys together?


texts: What's a unique identifier in listsinceblock output?

texts:
I am trying to understand if there a unique identifier for transactions. I didn't find anything about that mentioned in listsinceblock's help.

{
  "involvesWatchonly": true,
  "account": "",
  "address": "mvd6qFeVkqH6MNAS2Y2cLifbdaX5XUkbZJ",
  "category": "receive",
  "amount": 10,
  "label": "",
  "confirmations": 69,
  "blockhash": "62967ce950fc03b14179e58f42e426b63cbfbf63c2b9e59acb6a719a09c23b94",
  "blockindex": 58,
  "blocktime": 1524872287278,
  "txid": "aac9b2d7bb7b3476a83a5ac0c2fe21625bcd961ed43a5c5fd3eacf6536dc81d5",
  "vout": 7,
  "walletconflicts": [],
  "time": 1524872276635,
  "timereceived": 1524872276635,
  "bip125-replaceable": "no"
},


texts:
im new to the digital currency scene. Im very interested in bitcoins and litecoins. I know about bitcoins a couple of months ago and how foolish of me not to invest in it.

Anyways, im interested in litecoins now as they are really easier to mine and they can also be mined using the CPU which on my computer is probably the best thing. this is my setup:
AMD Phenom II X2 550 3.1GHz (unlocked the 2 cores so bascially a quad core at 3.1Ghz).
4GB RAM
9800GT

Im actually thinking of setting up a litecoin rig, which has 2x 7850's but im really unsure about how much power that will use and what power supply i should buy (e.g. 600W or a 700W etc). Ive seen some videos on youtube about mining using the 7850 and this guy was mining using 2 7850's and he total power was about 850W which is pretty crazy (he did overclock and things like that). Im planning to mine on stock hardware meaning no overclocking so how much power in total do you guys think that will take?

But now i guess the news has gotten around about a ASIC litecoin mining machine coming up so no doubt the value of litecoins will increase and i want to take advantage of this situation.

So should I go for that rig with 2x 7850's or is there a better rig I can come up with that will use less power? (My budget is about £400. This includes the power supply, cpu, ram etc). Also, would it be better if I just buy the litecoins directly rather than mining them?

I also used this litecoin calculator to see whether I would be getting a profit/loss:
http://www.coinwarz.com/calculators/litecoin-mining-calculator/?h=650&p=450.00&pc=0.26&pf=0.00&d=2218.89256388&r=50.00000000&er=0.03408000&hc=0.00
I used the 650KH/s since I assumed at stock 7850, it would give about ~325KH/s. Since the gpu uses about 120W, i got the 450W from 2 7850s, the cpu, and some other electrical components (e.g. RAM, HDD etc). Since I live in the UK, the average price per kWh is 16p so thats ~$0.26.
What I dont understand is that on the summary where it says 'Days to generate one block mining solo: 169.69 days'. What does this actaully mean because bitcoins are harder to mine compared to litecoin but on that calculator, it says i'll mine a bitcoin in 99.59 days...

Also, where it says estimated expected earning, it says i'll generate  ~8 litecoins in a month but previously it said that I'll only be able to mine 1 litecoin in 169.69 days... Is this talking about mining in pools?


texts: Can an unsynchronized node create a valid transaction?

texts:
I'm trying to understand how bitcoin transactions work. From what I understand, in the Bitcoin network nodes hold different versions of the Blockchain and after some time the different chains start converging to form the main chain (longest sequence is preferred).

Here's a scenario. Node A is holding a chain which is not in sync with the rest of the nodes and node A decides to post a transaction. The miners will pick up this transaction and add them to a block in their own chain which is different than Node A's chain.

So now when Node A looks at the network, will it just ignore its own inconsistent chain and pick the miners' chain? Will the transaction made by node A even show up in the blockchain?


texts:
I have a wallet.dat file which is encrypted and I can remember that I have put only numbers as password(4 or 5 digits, not more, not less).
My friend suggested to do brute force on it using python.
I tried googling and unfortunately(poor programming) didn't got any python script.
Can anyone help me please ?


texts: How to calculate the size of multisig transaction?

texts:
Can you help or suggest the formula for calculation of simple multi-sig transactions?

I have an issue to calculate the size of multi signature  2-2 transaction.

I tried to follow this:
Predict multi signature transaction size answer, however it is vague and unclear.
Here are my calculations:

 pubKeySize = 33;
 sigSize = 72;
 n = (m = 2);
 sizeOfRedeemScript = 1 + n * pubKeySize + 2;
 sizeOfScriptSig = 1 + m * (1 + sigSize) + 2 + sizeOfRedeemScript;
 sizeOfInput = 32 + 4 + 2 + sizeOfScriptSig + 4;
 sizeOfScriptPubKey = 2 + /** what is the length of script??  */ len(script);
 sizeOfOutput = 8 + sizeOfScriptPubKey;
 sizeOfTx = 4 + 2 + sizeOfInput + sizeOfOutput + 4;

If to be more precise I didn't get what is SizeOfVarIntFor(lengthOfScript) and what is the  len(script) (how to calculate it?)


texts: How do you know that Block, the Merket Root & the hashes in the path are authentic?

texts:
I went through this Q & A on Merkle Root
What is the Merkle root?

And several others on the Merkle Root & the Merkle Tree. I understand what is a Merkle Tree & how you can take use your transaction hash & other hashes in the path to the root to verify if it's consistent.

However, you get the Merkle Root & all of all other path nodes from a node you don't essentially trust, right? So what's the point of this verification? The whole block itself or the Merkle Root or the path hashes may be fake. The only way this verification makes sense is if you already have a later block you trust & the previous hash from that points to this Merkle Root. However, this does not make sense to me - how will you trust that block in the first place?

What am I missing?


texts:
I am quite new to the Bitcoin world. About 1 BTC was sent from my Electrum wallet to my Coinomi wallet, with 0.5 mBTC per kB commission, and it remained unconfirmed for about 50-60 hours. Then the transaction was rejected.

Yet the amount  is still reflected as "unconfirmed" in my wallet.
Two questions:
1. What can I do about the "unconfirmed" amount.
2. What did I do wrong and why it was rejected after all?
Please help


texts: How can I import blockchain.dat into bitcoind?

texts: I'm getting the latest torrent and I'm running bitcoind on my linux box. How can I import this once it's downloaded?


texts:
I am wondering if you found a solution on:
How to run QBitNinja Server locally?


texts:
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=199947.0

Can anyone explain what replace-by-fee means?


texts: How does one install Bitcoin Core on a CentOs server?

texts:
I would like to install Bitcoin Core on a CentOs server.
Where can I find instructions, or what are the exact steps to install Bitcoin Core on a CentOs Server?


texts: How to store hd wallet seed in production server

texts: I've developed a cryptocurrency payment gateway, which is a web application that generates new addresses for users, I've developed a HD wallet as a hot wallet for my application, and all addresses for different coins generated from a master key(seed), so this seed is a crucial part of my application,  whats a most secure way of storing this seed in production server except 2way encryption?


texts:
I couldn't find enough questions that ask this head-on1, so consider that if:

Bitcoins are designed to reflect the deflationary characteristics of a specie currency; and
The distributed nature of the cryptocurrency requires a high intrinsic value (energy cost) of the coins to secure them; and
That neither deflationary contraction nor high transactional energy costs are desirable qualities of a major currency (see Background below);

Then:

Will the energy cost and deflationary nature of Bitcoins doom the currency to obscurity?

Off-blockchain solutions are acceptable answers, but will require centralising a large portion of the Bitcoin network. Or put another way: Trust moves back to centralised banking facilities.

So my guess is these two problems will doom a decentralised Bitcoin, but I open the question to the floor. :-)

Background (Due Diligence)

A high transactional energy cost is bad

  The green line in this chart reflects the power per dollar in the
  global economy; of which a tiny fraction is consumed by maintaining
  the banking network.

  (Source: Dr Tim Garrett, "A physics based economics
  model")

  As the distributed Bitcoin cryptocurrency doesn't use laws or other
  centralised off-blockchain enforcements to protect the transaction
  ledger, the energy cost per transaction can not be a fixed constant
  like normal currencies. It must be a percentage of global energy
  consumption2 to discourage state actors with a bevy of
  power stations from subverting the global Bitcoin economy.

  No society will choose a currency that requires O(N) energy to
  transfer a bank note instead of O(1) energy to transfer a bank note
  (where N is global energy consumption). Doing so would impoverish
  human development3.

A deflationary currency is bad

  Long story short, a deflationary currency requires a post-growth
  social model; which while probably a good thing, we don't actually
  have right now.

  In a classic "growth" economy, you must expand the money supply to
  reflect the size and velocity of economic activity in society. If you
  do not and the level of economic activity ever contracts (and there
  are variety of regular reasons this may occur such as a natural
  disaster or demographic bulge), then you can enter a deflationary
  death spiral as each contraction contaminates other economic activities
  that assumed an ROI in the form of interest that is now worth less or
  worthless4.

  A digital specie-based currency is deflationary in that it restricts
  the money supply.

  Inflation and hyperinflation are problems, but
  problems of unchecked greed, speculation and social inequality that
  don't disappear by sweeping the economy under a deflationary rug.

1. Although "Will deflation destroy Bitcoin?" and "How much energy will the Bitcoin network eventually consume?" come pretty close, I really want a question that collates and settles this for newcomers, without undue eager puppy optimism from early adopters. :-)
2. Production actually, but sane organisms consume energy they produce instead of throwing it away; so global consumption and production can be considered linearly proportional, though not 1:1 due to transmission inefficiencies.
3. To put this in perspective, you could provide everyone on Earth with universal education, healthcare, social security as an O(N) energy cost.
4. Don't get me started on economists of the Austrian-school. They might as well be sock puppets for the entitled mega-rich for all the benefit their pseudo-science has on ordinary human beings.


texts: Is there a maximum balance that a single address can hold?

texts: Is there a maximum number of satoshis that a single address can control at a single time? I ask because when I generate regtest blocks to a single address, it's balance gets stuck at 1494999998350 satoshis (14949.99998350 BTC), and doesn't increase anymore from that point. All balance for that address is from coinbases, not vouts.


texts:
I read the first paper which described the bitcoins. Most of it is clear except for one thing. I tried to find solutions online but couldn't find it.

I am completely aware of the implications of a regular majority attack and how it is carried out, the other resources required for it and the consequences. The question below is completely different from it.

The paper by Satoshi Nakamoto claims that bitcoin is secure when >50% of precessing power is controlled by good people(non-attacker). This means that the chain mined by good people will grow the fastest and the probability that the attacker will be able to catch it will be exponentially low. But consider a case when 51% of processing power is with good people and 49% of cpus have joined hands to attack the network. Now each good node might get transactions in different order. Further the first transaction in each block is special which pays to the creater of the block. So basically each good node is trying to hash a different block while all the attackers are trying to hash a single block. Isn't it that the attackers can hash the block much faster than good people. Thus their chain has one extra block at this step than good people.

I have already asked few people but couldn't get any satisfactory answer to it. Neither could I find anything which addresses the difference of block for good people online.


texts: is it possible to get mempool transactions as hex using bitcoin-core?

texts:
getrawmempool returns only TXID (verbose off), what I'm doing is calling getrawtransaction for each transaction ID to get a transaction hex.

Bitcoin core doesn't support batch requests and each RPC call takes 0.06 sec, for ~ 5000 transactions, it takes 5 min which is so expensive.
can I get mempool transactions as hex instantly?


texts: Where is the real money stocked? Are exchanges banks?

texts:
I'm trying to understand how cryptocurrency works, and there is something I really don't get:

Exchanges; some are calling themselves "cloud banks" but I thought there was no banks, no place to stock the money, nothing was centralised. how do they do? Where are the dollars going/stocked?


texts: A basic economic property of any currency is the ability to hold its value in the long term.  While Bitcoin's ability to hold its value is evident, since there is no central authority to control the flow of BitCoins and the current traditional method of transfer of value from a deceased person to their legal heir's depend a lot on a central authority, how could inheritance work with bitcoins.  This is not a open ended question asking for opinions but an attempt into finding if the protocol or any other system has been attempted in this direction. This could include both planned transfers and those that are not planned for.


texts: Why the txn_count is zero in the block message?

texts: Why I'm receiving always zero in the txn_count field of the block message after calling it with a getdata ? Is this expected ? How can I get the transactions present in a block ?


texts: Why do I keep getting a connection lost error in Nicehash Bitcoin mining

texts:
The algorithm I'm using is daggerhashimoto. At first I thought this was because of my country blocking Bitcoin mining or something, but it doesn't work even if I'm using a VPN (vpnbook.com/freevpn). Here's how the excavator console looks like. As you can see, the hashing speed stays at 0 H/s, and it's not connecting at all:

And I did leave my laptop mining overnight, but the speed never passed 0 H/s, so this has nothing to do with me not waiting long enough for it to connect.


texts: How do Bitcoin Altcoin Hardware wallets work?

texts:
From my understanding the hardware wallet contains your private key inside the device.

When using a hardware wallet, the gui wallet on the computer or phone creates the transactions, but does not sign it. The transaction details get sent to the hardware wallet and it signs it and sends it back? Is this correct?
Does the hardware wallet ever pass the private key data back to the computer to sign?
Which hardware wallets works with which software?
Which hardware wallet is the most trusted out of them?
Can you import existing paper wallets or basically just private keys into the hardware wallet? And which ones support this feature?


texts: Reduce Confirmations in the block coins to mature

texts:
I have created a alternative coin by using the fork of litecoin, and succeeded. But i need to change the Confirmations of first mining transaction

How can i reduce the Default Confirmation '101' for the coins to mature ? Instead that i need only 50 Confirmation ?

am working on litecoin master

can anyone help me


texts: Does mining bitcoin on a laptop have an expected revenue exceeding the cost of electricity and wear and tear on the computer?

texts:
My understanding, from a relatively old source, that it used to be that hobbyists would get bitcoins from mining on their private computers, but that more recently there was a heavy shift to e.g. Iceland where geothermal electricity is cheaper.
What is the expected value of mining bitcoin with spare computrons from laptop including an NVidia Geforce GTX, in the USA near Chicago as far as utilities go? If the expected value is (say) 105% of electricity burning up, what are the chances of breaking even? Does it have (say) a 10% chance of doubling an investment, or are we talking a financial lottery ticket where one minute's mining could theoretically return thousands of dollars worth of BTC, but the expected amount of crunching to get the winning lottery ticket is impractically long?
I've seen some discussion suggesting that Bitcoin is even more volatile than traditional currency, and I'd be a bit surprised at being told, "It's entirely worth it; go ahead." However, I wanted to ask, and confirm my expected answer about whether mining bitcoin is profitable in a reasonable amount of time.
Thanks,


texts: How do bitcoins get back to the main chain from a side chain?

texts:
I understand how bitcoins can be sent to a sidechain. The sidechain can be very main-bitcoin aware and validate that the bitcoins have been sent to a special type of side-chain address for that side chain. What I haven't been able to understand is how bitcoin can be returned back to the main chain, without bitcoin's main rules being explicitly aware of that sidechain (and validating it to receive the bitcoins onto the main chain again).

So how is this possible?


texts: Is there a way to store and share a private key through blockchain?

texts:
This is more a blockchain than a bitcoin question:

I would like to use a blockchain (potentially a permissioned one) to manage ownership of a device. But linked to the device there is a private key.

Is there a way for the owner of a device to access to this private key, ideally only using blockchain?


texts: Recommended way of printing a cold wallet

texts:
I'm considering making cold paper wallets (for multiple cryptocurrencies) for offline storage in a safe deposit box.
Before accessing the safe deposit box, my identity is checked and I must show my key, so I consider storing the paper wallets non-encrypted.

They are a lot of tutorials on how to generate a wallet on an offline computer, but I'm searching for an efficient way of transferring the wallets to the paper.

Here are the options I have considered, and I would like your opinion.

Handwriting

In a technical point of view, handwriting the wallet key seems secure but tedious. I'm not very confident about reading my own handwriting in ten years, especially in base56 , not talking about my children reading it.

Low-cost laser printer

Buying a $60 printer that should be supported by the offline computer. I think that kind of offline printer will be unlikely to store my private keys and even more unlikely to transmit them.

typewriter

Buying a second hand typewriter and typing the key on it. Seems pretty secure and relatively easy, if the key can't be extracted from the ribbon.

Label printer

Label printers can probably work without a driver, just by echoing the key through the serial port, but thermal paper won't last enough, thermal transfer can be read on the ribbon and matrix printers are expensive.

Embossing label maker

I'm pretty sure that this one can't be hacked and can be read by anyone in thirty years, but they don't have upper and lowercase required for base56. Writing the key in hexadecimal can be a solution.


texts: Which block header fields are miners able to change in an effort to avoid having to recalculate the Merkle Root?

texts:
In addition to the nonce and the Merkle Root, there are 4 other fields in the header - version, previous header hash, time and nbits.

Assuming a miner does not want to change the merkle root because of the additional computation involved, and obviously cannot change the previous header hash, to what extent are they able to change the version, time and/or nbits field to get additional nonce space?


texts: The Bitcoin.it wiki says addresses do not carry balances...but all info suggests otherwise

texts:
The Bitcoin wiki states, "Addresses are not wallets nor accounts, and do not carry balances."

Yet, there's a zillion articles online about Bitcoin address balances, the Bitcoin blockchain explorers show balances, and so on.

Can you explain the Bitcoin wiki's statement to me?


texts: Mining pools communicating outside of network

texts:
Does anyone know of any papers / evidence of bitcoin mining pools communicating outside of the bitcoin network for financial gain? It seems plausible in practice, but I am not sure if that has occurred.

To be clear, I mean two mining pools sending blocks to each other outside of the network. This would give them a head start / be faster than using bitcoin's diffusion process.


texts: how can i query utxo to bitcoind(using bitcoin-cli) with public-private key not wallet

texts:
i want make a transaction to send bitcoin to others.

so i need utxo by someones' adfress.

but bitcoin-cli listunspent command only allows address in wallet.

is it any idea to query listunspent with address not in wallet?
using public, private key.


texts: Any non wavecrest issuer euro zone debit cards?

texts:
After the recent disruption to all debit cards that were using the wavecrest card issuer, it appears they were by far the most common issuer for bitcoin debit card companies. Most of them have stated that they are working on replacements. I notice that bitpay's card uses a different one and is US only.

Is anyone aware of any that are live already with another card issuer in euro zone?


texts: Can I estimate time to confirm based on the number of existing transactions awaiting confirmation?

texts: Blockchain.info says that right now (1/14/2018) there are approximately 42,000 transactions awaiting confirmation.  It also says that the average size of a block is 1,700.  If the target is 10 minutes per block, that suggests that there are roughly 4 hours of transactions yet to be confirmed.  If a transaction carries with it an "average fee", is it reasonable to assume that it will take approximately 4 hours for the first confirmation, and an hour more for 6 confirmations, given these numbers?  Is there any reasonable way to estimate how that time would change given a change in the fee (other than just accepting some website's recommended fee)?


texts: Where can I register a domain and pay with bitcoins?

texts:
Where can I register a domain name and pay with bitcoins?

(The question is about usual domain names, not .bit maintained by the namecoin network.)


texts: Why is my Bitcoin transaction taking so long

texts:
I am new to Bitcoin (using Bitcoin core client) and i tried to make a transaction but its taken 4 days so far and i not sure what to do?

https://blockchain.info/tx/8c2057ca78c0843b881c2620127d140cdeeeb73f38fa6444d9aecd82d0979cc9


texts: is there a way to write SCRIPTS that CONDITION OVER THE CURRENT TIME stamp?

texts:
I am very new to bitcoin scripts, and need to design some high level bitcoin protocols without enough time to really dive into the details of the language itself.
Is there a way to write a script that conditions on the current time?
something like this. where currentTime stands for the current time stamp.
GivenTimeLimit=8.23.2013

if currentTime<GivenTimeLimit:
 redeeming requires knowing x s.t h(x)=x (input is x)
else:
 redeeming requires knowing x s.t. h(x)=x AND z s.t. h(z)=z (inputs are x and z)

I am trying to create a situation where until time (or date) GivenTimeLimit, only one party p1 can redeem a certain amount, but after GivenTimeLimit, only the other party, p2, can redeem this amount. Is that possible?
Thank you very much!


texts:
I need some clarification about the meaning of the addr_from and addr_recv fields
in the Version Message.

addr_recv: The network address of the node receiving this message
does this mean the public IP of the node I am sending to ?

addr_from:The network address of the node emitting this message
does this mean my public(external) IP address or my local IP address ?

Thanks ..


texts: How does bitcoin work from a technical computer science cryptography perspective?

texts:
How does the cryptography science behind bitcoins work to make it robust(reliable , scalable).
I am interested in technical explanation with cryptography math and not just conceptual explanation.


texts: What is the cheapest way to deposit money into a Bitstamp account from the US?

texts: What is the cheapest way to deposit money into a Bitstamp account? They offer a number of ways, but what is the easiest for someone in the US?


texts: Where can I find a graph of Bitcoin value vs USD for over 60 days?

texts: Bitcoin Charts seems to only offer graphs of up to 60 days.


texts:
How long it normally takes to download full database of blocks in Bitcoin Core
I have fast internet, but after 72 hours I'am only on 50 percent.

Thank you


texts: Balance disappeared from wallet after transaction left unconfirmed for a long time

texts:
I'm running a bitcoin node using bitcoind.
I sent a number of transactions that are unconfirmed for about 10-12 days. But I still have some btc balance in my wallet after sending these transactions.
Today I noticed that the balance suddenly disappeared from my wallet, without any additional sent transactions (it was fine yesterday).
I suspect that the node doesn't count the UTXOs associated with the unconfirmed transactions.
But I'm not sure how to check - how can I debug this?


texts: Multi-destination transaction from paper wallet

texts: As far as I know, I can make a transaction to a single destination by sweeping/importing private key. How can I make a transaction to multiple destinations?


texts: Can I print my public key using a custom logo?

texts:
qrycode monkey allows me to print a qr code with my company's logo in the middle.

Q: Can I do the same for our public key?


texts: BTC wallet recovery: I have a 12 word backup, what do I do?

texts: I have the 12 key seed phrase from a 10 year old Bitcoin-qt acct, but don't know what tool to use to turn it into a wallet. Obviously I am terrified to put the seed phrase into any ONLINE tool. I want to practice offline somehow to see if I even wrote it down properly. I tried looking thru the sourcecode: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin to see there is a word-list.. No joy.  One guy said Electrum, but it didn't help decipher the individual words, just kind of a 'put them all in', sink or swim endeavor....


texts: Why are Lighthouse campaigns limited to 684 pledges?

texts: I'm curious to why is there a 684 transaction limit for each campaign when using the lighthouse crowd funding app. If I was wanting to raise 25 BTC for a project, the minimum that someone that would have to fund me is .036 (about $10 today). This leaves out the ability for people wanting to fund $1-$5. Just curious to why is there that limit and why wont it enable smaller amounts? I was contemplating on using lighthouse or nxt's monetary system.


texts: What is the best BTC miner for intel HD 4000 card?

texts:
Right now I am using GUIminer(and some guides said not to use it), it gets ~80Mhash/s but this miner is laggy, sometimes disconnects without a reason, and it is slow... So I would like to use cgminer, but it doesn't find Intel hd card...

so how do I use cgminer with Intel HD 4000 integrated card, so it could mine? Or what miner would you suggest?

NOTE: this is a question by a guy who is working with BTC for like 1h lol AND I don't want to receive answers who say this is stupid or ineffective.. or it's Impossible.

The question is HOW would You do this with the restrictions of an integrated video card? lets say for theoretical learning purposes, NOT TO MAKE MONEY! I just wanna see if I can make it work.

Or maybe I should use BFGMiner if he would work better(or at all) with Intel integrated HD 4000 card?
thanks:)


texts: How would I generate a valid vanity address for destroying coins?

texts:
I want to generate very long vanity addresses, with the relaxed constraint that I don't need the corresponding private key, they only need to be valid Bitcoin addresses. How would I do this?

Example:

Input Prefix: 1XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Output: 1XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXUW9j3f3


texts: Why do compiled binaries still require libdb, BerkeleyDB, and others?

texts:
I compiled Bitcoin Core on one Raspberry Pi from source after installing all the necessary dependencies including all the libboost's and BerkeleyDB. That application runs fine, and bitcoind lives happily in /usr/local/bin

So I tried copying bitcoind and the other Bitcoin executables from that directory to a brand new Raspberry Pi running a brand new clean operating system, and the applications wouldn't run. I got errors until I installed libboost and BerkeleyDB and all the other dependencies on that second computer as well.

I thought the compiling process made a stand-alone executable program? Why did the compiled binary still require these shared libraries?

Like, executables are available to download from bitcoin.org that are truly stand-alone. How can I compile from source an executable as stand-alone as these?


texts:
I am starting to do Algorithmic trading in cryptocurrencies using Python libraries. Most exchanges have RESTful APIs that make it easy to write you own code and get started.

However, I would like to benefit from the analytical features of established libraries such as zipline and others. However these do not support the trading of cryptocurrencies (yet).

Should I just try to write a backend for my favorite cryptocurrency exchange (currently ANX), or are there off-the-github-shelf solutions out there?


texts:
Recently I learned that someone has injected an old virus signature into the bitcoin blockchain, though it does not run the chance of infecting the computer.

  http://newsbtc.com/2014/05/16/virus-signature-uploaded-bitcoin-blockchain-causing-mse-users-grief/

This makes me wonder, if I were to install bitcoin-core and download a malicious bootstrap.dat file, would it be possible for it to infect my system through bitcoin?


texts: My question is about the possiblitiy of going overdrawn by mistake if account is hacked

texts: I am new to crypto  currencies and wondered if ones online wallet is hacked and coins stolen could the hacker make you go overdrawn by spending coins you don't have?  Many thanks


texts: How do I transfer altcoins from cryptsy to bittrex?

texts:
How do i transfer altcoins from cryptsy to bittrex?

Bittrex says this if i open generate the deposit address -

When depositing, please send your message unencrypted.

If the message is not included in your transfer, we cannot credit your account.
Please do not directly deposit from an exchange or pool unless they allow
you to specify a message.

I don't see any place to enter the message.

Any help would be much appreciated!


texts: I have 0.98 BTC confirmed, but my wallet only lets me send 0.1 BTC. My wallet has received a lot of small payments, what can I do? Thanks


texts:
With the Bitcoin-ABC cli I can generate as many receive addresses by the following command

./bitcoin-cli getnewaddress "label"

But from my understanding the funds still go into the same wallet and if I send coins from the wallet it would always be from the same "from" address. Am I correct in my understanding?


texts: Why do most exchanges still have not implemented segwit bc1 addresses to save block space?

texts: Segwit bech32 bc1 addresses has been out for a good 2 years. Why do most exchanges still refuse to implement such a feature for its users? Exchanges create a bulk of the bitcoin transactions and also can promote the use of segwit bc1 addresses. What are some technical pitfalls to why big exchanges have not implemented this feature?


texts: No inbound connections on my bitcoin full node with TOR

texts:
Can someone connect to my running node? u3ob433qu3ebkmsu.onion:8333

I'm behind a CG-NAT so I've thought using TOR would solve my problem.

I had my node running for hours but no inbound connections.

grep debug.log -e inbound returns nothing.

$ bitcoin-cli getnetworkinfo

{
  "version": 180000,
  "subversion": "/Satoshi:0.18.0/",
  "protocolversion": 70015,
  "localservices": "000000000000040c",
  "localrelay": true,
  "timeoffset": 0,
  "networkactive": true,
  "connections": 10,
  "networks": [
    {
      "name": "ipv4",
      "limited": true,
      "reachable": false,
      "proxy": "127.0.0.1:9050",
      "proxy_randomize_credentials": true
    },
    {
      "name": "ipv6",
      "limited": true,
      "reachable": false,
      "proxy": "127.0.0.1:9050",
      "proxy_randomize_credentials": true
    },
    {
      "name": "onion",
      "limited": false,
      "reachable": true,
      "proxy": "127.0.0.1:9050",
      "proxy_randomize_credentials": true
    }
  ],
  "relayfee": 0.00001000,
  "incrementalfee": 0.00001000,
  "localaddresses": [
    {
      "address": "u3ob433qu3ebkmsu.onion",
      "port": 8333,
      "score": 4
    }
  ],
  "warnings": ""
}

bitcoin.conf

server=1
daemon=1

# RPC
rpcuser=*****
rpcpassword=*******

# TOR
onlynet=onion
proxy=127.0.0.1:9050
bind=127.0.0.1
dnsseed=0
dns=0
addnode=nkf5e6b7pl4jfd4a.onion
addnode=yu7sezmixhmyljn4.onion

# Raspberry Pi optimizations
dbcache=100
maxorphantx=10
maxmempool=50
maxconnections=40
maxuploadtarget=5000
prune=6000


texts: how the FruitChains consensus works in bitcoin

texts:
I came across the paper  FruitChains: A Fair Blockchain. The basic nakamoto blockchain algorithm seems to be slightly twisted with using fruits instead of directly inserting transaction in to the blocks.

Are the transaction first computationally solved in to fruits and then inserted in to blocks later?

How the fruit chain works in a simple language?


texts: I keep getting error message when trying to download bitcoin core newest version.I keep getting " error opening file for writing ". What am I doing wrong ?


texts:
The problem was that I tried to sign inputs and add outputs and other info into transaction.
The last result hexRawTx :

  01000000019843f83b2c42de1585cdc3b689a10a2960d016d5887f1ecd50bc8e040bbe94cc000000006b483045022100f9559234c189df36b99ffea94ecec650c1a483cdc02a976759d4bd7347a82ca9022009278f760db1dabf666ea0fcab55b8a1c6f20b27f8b442738b1d51165d91fd3e8121027e912293da7fecdffe57a49a726649d547a6b0fb2a5420047515d6373d251296ffffffff02102700000000000017a914e211863c0e582b5df44f6e1aa0eef0eb9ddcc9078760590100000000001976a914ad7252447111e2300c77aa406339b4e38d08cf4988ac00000000

Detect this tx, the fee is always zero, and input without address(https://live.blockcypher.com/btc/decodetx/)

 transaction.addOutput(coin , Address.fromBase58(MainNetParams.get(),toAddress));
transaction.addOutput(coinInput,Address.fromBase58(MainNetParams.get(),fromAddress));
for(int k=0;k<unSpentNum;k++){
TransactionInput transactionInput=new TransactionInput(MainNetParams.get(),
         transaction,newBigInteger(unSpent.get(k).getScript(),16).toByteArray(),
                   new TransactionOutPoint(MainNetParams.get(), 0, Sha256Hash.wrap(unSpent.get(k).getTx_hash())));
           transaction.addInput(transactionInput);

}
String hexRawTx = SignTool.verifyAndSignTransaction(transaction, 0, ecKey, null, false,MainNetParams.get());

(unSpentNum) get from https://blockchain.info/unspent?active=3D2oetdNuZUqQHPJmcMDDHYoqkyNVsFk9r


texts: How does the blockchain resolve arbitration issues?

texts:
I understand that a bitcoin wallet is nothing but a transaction record performed on the block chain.
How are transaction details updated in the decentralised block chain?
In a centralised system a transaction is based on the transaction record maintained in their centralised servers. For example A and B are connected to centralised C. When   A initiates a transaction with B, C refers to its centralised database and verifies whether it is a valid transaction and permits the transaction based on the validation results. In other words, there is a central log for cross verification and debugging to settle issues when there is arbitration needed by any one of the two transacting parties.
But in decentralised transaction there is no centralised arbitrator. How is arbitration provided in case of a misplaced transaction?
In other words is there any confiscate mechanism to strip the owner of his bitcoins who is involve in illegal practices?


texts: lightning-cli listnodes is empty. Am I missing something?

texts:
I want the result of listnodes like the following. How can I do that?

{ "nodes" :
    [
        { "nodeid" : "028e5a8e86540f703e1f58880d35d1e318a54c27d84ec1edbcde04a78ed4469a1e", "alias" : "???? EXANTE", "color" : "007f39", "last_timestamp" : 1516636793, "addresses" :
            [
                { "type" : "ipv4", "address" : "148.251.53.235", "port" : 9735 } ] },

https://gist.github.com/coinables/19223b8bf09a24a3a6e8240433df04bf

This is what I did:

Installed c-lightning referring to https://github.com/ElementsProject/lightning/blob/master/doc/INSTALL.md#to-build-on-ubuntu
Add config file as the followings.
Open firewall for port 9735
Check netstat. but 9735 is NOT listing. ("netstat -anp | grep 9735" is empty)

$ cat ~/.lightning/config
alias=xxx
rgb=008000
network=bitcoin
bitcoin-rpcuser=xxx
bitcoin-rpcpassword=xxx
bitcoin-rpcconnect=xxx
bitcoin-rpcport=xxx
announce-addr=xxx:9735
log-level=debug

$ ./cli/lightning-cli getinfo
{
  "id": "xxx",
  "alias": "xxx",
  "color": "008000",
  "num_peers": 0,
  "num_pending_channels": 0,
  "num_active_channels": 0,
  "num_inactive_channels": 0,
  "address": [
    {
      "type": "ipv4",
      "address": "xxx",
      "port": 9735
    }
  ],
  "binding": [
  ],
  "version": "v0.7.0-41-g1cd0ae1",
  "blockheight": 567741,
  "network": "bitcoin",
  "msatoshi_fees_collected": 0,
  "fees_collected_msat": "0msat"
}

$ ./cli/lightning-cli listnodes
{
  "nodes": [
  ]
}


texts: Does the concept of a blockchain introduce a violation of privacy?

texts:
Per my understanding, in a blockchain system, all transactions are recorded on an immutable ledger.
Given this, if you know your friend's public address, wouldn't it be possible to figure out the collective total of their holdings? Isn't that a violation of privacy?


texts: How do I figure out the balance of an individual address on Bitcoin for Android?

texts:
I have just installed the bitcoin wallet for android on my device and created two addresses.
I transferred some BTC to one address and some to the second one.  I thought the wallet will show the individual balance associated with each of those addresses, but I was wrong.  Bitcoin wallet is now showing me one single balance for the BTC associated with these two addresses.

My question is, I assume that since I cannot send BTC out of each address for more than what it owns in the address (for example, address A - 0.5 BTC, address B - 1.5 BTC), I cannot send 1 BTC out of address A.  But now since bitcoin wallet is mixing the two together I am unable to find out how much BTC each of them own...
Or there is some other way that I am not aware of?


texts:
What is the point of miner signaling in a soft fork activation mechanism? What should the threshold be on miner signaling?
The second part of this question was asked by devrandom on IRC.
A question on the risks of reducing the threshold to below 95 percent was asked back in 2017 here.


texts: Lost my Ipad with Toast ripple wallet. I have wallet address, recovery keys and phrase. Can I create a new wallet and send the coins from old to new?


texts: Why does the standard Bitcoin message signature include a "magic prefix?"

texts:
The standard Bitcoin message signature works as follows:

sign(sha256(magicPrefix . length(message) . message))

The "magic prefix" is simply the string '\x18Bitcoin Signed Message:\n', where 0x18 is the length of the prefix text.

In other words, it's this:

sign(sha256(length(prefix) . prefix . length(message) . message))

My question is:

Why does it use a magic prefix?
Why does it include the lengths of the two components?

I'm asking mainly from a security point of view. Does adding a prefix or including the length(s) have any security benefits? If not, I'd like to drop it from my signatures.


texts: Are Bitcoin / Cryptocurrency free & paid "Faucets" illegal in the USA?

texts: I was wondering if Bitcoin faucets were illegal in the USA? What about a paid bitcoin faucet where you pay in other coins to get a few cents worth of BTC?


texts: How can I send bitcoin from one address to another through the Bitcoin client/API?

texts:
How can I send bitcoin from one address to another via Bitcoin client/API ?

There exist an API call called:

sendfrom   <fromaccount> <tobitcoinaddress> <amount> [minconf=1] [comment] [comment-to]

can I use it? And replace <fromaccount> with the <bitcoinaddress> to send bitcoin?

Editing:

i means i want transfer bitcoins from one address in my wallet to another address in my wallet ?

i used it in website each user have bitcoin address and balance so i want transfer just money exist in this address to another ?

i search for accounts in bitcoind but i found issue on it :

  The accounts code does not scale up to thousands of accounts with tens
  of thousands of transactions, because by-account (and
  by-account-by-time) indices are not implemented. So many operations
  (like computing an account balance) require accessing every wallet
  transaction.

how can i resolve this issue ?


texts: How to remove unconfirmed, non-existent transaction from QT wallet

texts: I transferred 10 btc from my Coinbase acct to my wallet.  The transaction appears twice in my wallet, one went right through and confirmed within minutes, the other has 0 confirmations (after 2 weeks), and the transaction ID does not show up on blockchain.  So I got my bitcoins, but now I have this "phantom" unconfirmed transaction in my wallet.  How do I get rid if it?


texts: easybitcoin sendfrom not working to errors

texts:
When I try to send bitcoins via move or sendfrom nothing happends, I dont het any errors. I use a very simple script:

try {
    $_SESSION['message'] = $bitcoin->sendfrom($_COOKIE['login_user'], $_POST['address'], $_POST['amount']);
}
    catch (Exception $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage();
}

I don't get any output in the session message and no error. The user cookie contains and existing user in bitcoind with enough money. POST address contains a valid address. POST ammount contains 0.0008. Does someone know what is wrong.


texts: Are Namecoins obsolete with the upcoming Bitcoin 0.9?

texts:
After I have read this article (Smart Property, Colored Coins and Mastercoin) on coindesk I guess that Namecoin is obsolete. I have read the possible use cases for Namecoin and as far as I understand coindesk, it tells that Bitcoin version 0.9 will have the same features.

Difference: Bitcoin will use 80 Bytes of message data where Namecoin will use 520 Bytes.

Is that true, that Bitcoin 0.9 will have the same features Namecoin has?
Will Namecoin still have any special quality compared to Bitcoin, that justifies Namecoins’ continued existence?
Or in other words: Is the low value (compared to Bitcoins) of Namecoins the only advantage over Bitcoins, because messages, notary acts, votings etc. are much cheaper and therefore only affordable with Namecoin?


texts: How does change work in a bitcoin transaction?

texts:
It seems that when you send a bitcoin transaction, all the coins in the sending address are spent in that transaction, divided into the amount that you intended to send, and "change", which goes back to you, but at another (newly created) receiving address.

That makes it a bit difficult to track your balance on block explorer (especially since the new receiving address does not seem to be displayed in the Bitcoin client anywhere).

Does it have it have to work like this, or is this a specific implementation detail of the client software?

Also, do you have to wait for change to be confirmed before you can spend it again?


texts: What are the differences (and value adds) among all the different Crypto Currencies?

texts:
This website lists hundreds of crypto currencies. Some whimsical, others with a unique value.

Is there a catalog, or diff between all the implementations that highlights innovation, or a unique use case?

My goal is to prioritize which implementations to learn the most (BTC, ETH, and Ripple with the most market cap is my first priority)


texts: Last used in 2015. When I went into qt to update now, update took 5 days then crashed due to a "windows error" (Did this twice) - so I downloaded Core, and of course, it doesn't have my bitcoins in it.  There is no  .dat file that I can see in the bitcoin directory (and I can't even find the core directory) - Sorry to seem so confused. There's a daemon folder, a doc folder , the bitcoin-qt app, a copying file and a readme file. - and an uninstall. I'm on windows 7, computer states is 64-bit.


texts:
I am reading Satoshi's original paper, merely for the sake of understanding the concept. I have minimal computer science background (some), mostly just mathematics.

In Section 4. Proof of Work of Satoshi's original paper, he (she? who knows) says 'Once the CPU effort has been expended to make it satisfy the proof-of-work, the block cannot be changed without redoing the work. As later blocks are chained after it, the work to change the block would require redoing all the blocks after it".

I think I understand the big picture in the above selection, but the technical details of what would happen in such situations are unknown to me. Questions:

  Assume a node did go back and redo the proof of work on a previous block (say block n) - with no intention of doing the proof-of-work on any following blocks - would this create a fork coming off of block n or would it sever the current longest blockchain between blocks n and n+1?
  Is the reason that 'the work to change the block would require redoing all the blocks after it' simply because there is no sense in
  changing a block unless the data in the changed block is validated by
  appearing in the longest chain. Since going back and changing block
  n as outlined in question 1 (by my interpretation) creates a fork at block n-1 to honest n and dishonest n, - by redoing the work for all other blocks following dishonest n, the hashes and timestamps coincide, and if this chain theoretically caught up to the current honest chain (which of course probabilistically can't happen), this chain would be the new honest chain by the definition in 5. Network.
  Suppose the unlikely happened, and the scenario of question 2 took place - would the proper analogy to regular currency be a) I gave
  you money in exchange for some good or service b) (presumably) I
  received the good or service c) I stole the money back. My point here
  is, even if the unthinkable happen, it would not be analogous to
  'duplicating' the money I gave you, it would be more like stealing
  it back?

I would prefer answers that mostly answer within the framework of Satoshi's original paper (which may be different than how bitcoin currently operates in the real world), but I am not opposed to hearing related facts about how this is actually implemented.

Also - new to this community: please edit tags or title at will :)


texts: Connecting Ledger Nano X wallet to my Bitcoin node

texts:
I've been trying to connect my Ledger nano x to my bitcoin full node following this instructions by Ledger. I have configured the bitcoin.conf file as follows:
prune=0
txindex=1
server=1
daemon=1
maxconnections=35
rpcallowip= <local IP or public IP?>
rpcuser=letsbegin
rpcpassword=***********
rpcport=8332
rpcclienttimeout=60

The computer that I run the Ledger app is in the same network as my full BTC node (not the same computer). The problem is that the ledger app can't reach to my node? I tried both the local IP of the computer that's requesting the RPC and also its public IP but no luck so far. This node has up and running for two years now. I can see it in bitcodes.io I'll appreciate if  anyone could advise me on this?


texts: Building Win7 Moneychanger: Where to put OT DLL's, How to fix "&& was unexpected" in jsoncpp?

texts:
I want to use Open Transactions libraries in my Windows build of my Qt Widgets application. Moneychanger is a test interface for OT built in Qt. As a step to understanding how the Qt code of Moneychanger and the c++ code of OT interact, I want to build Moneychanger on Windows 7 x64 with a binary distribution of OT .dll's.

I can't find documentation on including the OT library when I build Moneychanger. The current documentation (which I'm happy to improve:) git/readme.md / git/doc/INSTALL-win.txt

Starting Conditions

Windows 7 Professional x64
Qt 5.3.0
Qt Creator 3.1.1
Visual Studio Express 2012
Visual Studio Express 2013
Open-Transactions-0.92.c-Win32-setup.exe
Clone moneychanger source from git

Compilation errors on MSVC/MinGW Qt compilers

Open project/moneychanger.pro in Qt creator
Configure Qt Creator kits with various compilers and QT versions, including MinGW 4.8.2, MSVC 2012 OpenGL 32bit, MSVC 2013 32bit, MSVC 2013 OpenGL 64bit
Select "Debug" configuration
Click Run button

Desktop Qt 5.3.0 MinGW 32bit (Full Log)

<snip>
compiling ../../src/jsoncpp/jsoncpp.cpp
g++.exe: error: C:/Program Files (x86)/Git/bigobj: No such file or directory

This MinGW support answer seems to say that I need MSVC compiler for jsoncpp to compile.

Desktop Qt 5.3.0 MSVC2013 OpenGL 64bit

Desktop Qt 5.3.0 MSVC2013 32bit

Desktop Qt 5.3.0 MSVC2012 OpenGL 32bit (Full log)

<snip>
compiling ..\..\src\jsoncpp\jsoncpp.cpp
...
&& was unexpected at this time.
...
13:53:19: The process "C:\dev\qt\Tools\QtCreator\bin\jom.exe" exited with code 2.

MSVC 2013

The next thing I tried was converting the Qt project into a Visual Studio "solution." In preparation for this I installed the Windows Debugger Tools in the SDK for Windows 8.1.

The file doc/INSTALL-windows.txt offers the instructions:

Open Visual Studio x86 2013 prompt.
change to the 'project' directory.
run: qmake -r -tp vc moneychanger.pro

I got the qmake command to work:

> "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\VC\bin\cl.exe"
> cd C:\dev\project\moneychanger\project
> qmake -r -tp vc moneychanger.pro
  'qmake' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
  operable program or batch file.
C:\dev\project\Moneychanger\project>"C:\dev\qt\5.3\msvc2013\bin\qmake.exe" -r -tp vc moneychanger.pro
Reading C:/dev/project/Moneychanger/project/curl/curl.pro
Reading C:/dev/project/Moneychanger/project/libidn/libidn.pro
Reading C:/dev/project/Moneychanger/project/jsoncpp/jsoncpp.pro
Reading C:/dev/project/Moneychanger/project/bitcoin-api/bitcoin-api.pro
Reading C:/dev/project/Moneychanger/project/nmcrpc/nmcrpc.pro
Reading C:/dev/project/Moneychanger/project/moneychanger-qt/moneychanger-qt.pro
C:\dev\project\Moneychanger\project>

Now I have a project/moneychanger.sln.

MSVC Build Errors

Here's what happens when I build project/moneychanger.sln in Visual Studio 2013: (Full Log)

error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'opentxs/stdafx.hpp':
No such file or directory
c:\dev\project\moneychanger\src\core\stable.hpp`

Sure sounds like I need to point Moneychanger at my OT library. I don't know how to do that in either Qt Creator or MSVC. For now I have da2ce7's binary v0.92c with otapi.dll, otlib.dll and more. Eventually I want to build a windows OT library myself and use that. For now I'll settle for the binary package.

Please tell me it's as simple as copying stuff around and rebuilding!


texts: What keeps a dominant Bitcoin client vendor with the majority of the market share from unilaterally changing the protocol?

texts:
I've been asking this in the comments, but I'll be more direct.

If a third-party Bitcoin client, say "iBitcoin" (for example), becomes the dominant client by acquiring most of the market share, what would keep the vendor from unilaterally changing the Bitcoin protocol to their own advantage?

The question

Consider the following:

iBitcoin gains 75% market share because, well, it's so awesome
At some point the vendor decides to change the rules so that it starts mining its own branch on the blockchain, but with a block creation fee that's significantly higher and can be adjusted at will. (See rules below)
iBitcoin users don't care because they are still able to exchange bitcoins back and forth with users of other clients, nor do users of other clients care. It's all hunky-dory in Bitcoin land. (See rules below)

Here are the rules that iBitcoin follows:

The iBitcoin branch is a copy of the main branch, block for block, with the exception that a second coinbase transaction is included paying out to the iBitcoin vendor's address. All coins in the iBitcoin branch can now trace their origin back to either the main coinbase or the secondary coinbase. Let's call these extra coins "new bitcoins" (BTC2). The main branch won't accept transactions from these coins, but that's OK.
Proof-of-work is eliminated in favor of the vendor's digital signature. Block signing happens on a central server.
To keep things simple, a transaction can include as its inputs either bitcoins (BTC) or "new bitcoins" (BTC2) but not both

Now the UI shows new bitcoins separately so that the user knows that these new bitcoins can't be paid to someone who uses a different client (like the Satoshi client), but they can be paid to another iBitcoin user. In other words, iBitcoin users accept payments in BTC or BTC2, others accept only BTC. The two currencies trade separately on the exchanges.

Thanks to the network effect, almost everyone eventually switches over to iBitcoin (or a compatible client). Gresham's law says BTC eventually becomes an item to be hoarded, just like gold, whereas BTC2 is used for day-to-day commerce, just like the dollar.

Please explain flaws in my design of iBitcoin and why it won't work.

Are we in trouble?

What keeps this from happening? As it see it: nothing. It's going to happen eventually. I call it the "embrace and extend" attack.

If this indeed works (and that's my question), then the vendor doesn't even need 75% market share to begin with. It could start with 5% market share and a scheme for giving out 100 BTC2 for every new sign-up, along with a referral scheme so that users have an incentive to bring in more users. Since BTC2 is pretty much created out of thin air, the rewards could be increased until a significant adoption rate has been achieved. Rewards could also be in BTC instead of BTC2, or even in US dollars for that matter. Achieving adoption is no big deal.

Also note that "BTC2" is the red herring here. It's not about creating an alternate currency, it's about creating an alternate blockchain that is controlled by the vendor. Hash power is overrated; if you control the clients, you own the game.

Back to the question: What keeps this from happening?

If the answer is that the Bitcoin community would never accept such a thing, well, sure, I'm sure the "World Wide Web" community said the same back when Microsoft was still working on Internet Explorer 1.0. I wonder how things would have turned out had the US Department of Justice not stepped in.

If the answer is that a Bitcoin client that deviates from the rules of the Bitcoin protocol is not really a Bitcoin client, again, that's like saying a web browser that does not render HTML as per the rules set out by the W3C is not really a web browser. It's technically correct, but it doesn't mean anything. For all practical purposes the version of Bitcoin that has the majority of the market share is the "real Bitcoin."

So I hope that I'm wrong and that there is in fact a defense built into the protocol.


texts:
The message "BlockUntilSyncedToCurrentChain: txindex is catching up on block notifications" is appearing regularly in my debug.log. When these messages appear, I can be sure that lnd will not be able to complete syncing to the chain and thus unable to fully start.

This message occurs after the "txindex thread exit" message, and can be triggered with a "bitcoin-cli getrawtransaction xxx" call. I don't know how to resolve this, or even to determine what state the txindex is in. Restarting bitcoind does not help.

I am running Bitcoin Core version v0.18.0 (release build).