texts: who actually amasses or builds the blocks ... and how do they get passed to miners?

texts:
The question is not about the block being included on the block chain, but
who actually creates a block? Like what is the process here.
Can someone walk me through this? I do know that blocks are summarized in form of a block header and contain a list of transactions.

Who selects the transactions to go into this block? If not a person, where in the Core is this included
How do they then get bundled as a block?
How do they get passed on then to the miners?


texts: Preventing sybil attacks : How does bitcoin get to know the computing power of a node?

texts: I know that bitcoin prevents sybil attacks through proof of work - which takes into account the computing power of each participating node . So how does bitcoin get this information ?


texts:
I have some bitcoins on coinbase and was going to buy more.

But now I see bitcoin cash available on coinbase.

Should I buy bitcoins or bitcoin cash? What is difference? And they have the same price?

UPDATE: They have different price, so it looks like new cryptocurrency.


texts: What's the difference between xpub and bpub?

texts:
I've seen extended public keys such as the one below

xpub661MyMwAqRbcFLCsW67CH9AgprkK2MbeLbmdMiBRWb1Wamm6GjGhTFQChvPmwQGQh78MMd8Eu7CLJ7FEuwhsomD66XC74VnfgHdEx1NFSKL

But now I've seen a bpub

bpubgqxJY83YqBS1rgM392MqkPnaa7P8yBEkZ7pZksTUHjRxQRn8RzuL8ST1NYhAqgbM7f3SDzTTJifL1WuCYvVxHinLuhF4kFdnBNN34N4Y2et

What's the difference?


texts: How to retrieve unspent outputs on mSigna

texts:
Due to an upgrade, I had to recreate my wallet (vault) file from scratch - a process that took over a week. During this time, I was able to spend one coin (sending it to blockchain.info) because I somehow managed to find an old copy of the software and it worked for one transaction only and then fell over. That appeared to work fine. When looking at the 'watch only' address imported into my blockchain.info wallet, it showed the spend plus the remainder at that address being sent to another address starting with '3'. I was comfortable with this because mSigna wallet addresses start with '3' because they can be multi-sig wallets. However, when mSigna finally completed syncing my new vault file, the unspent coin actually shows up in my list of wallet transactions as 'spent'. Obviously this is a shock to the system - it's quite a bit of coin.

However, I think what happened is that the address of the unspent output is somehow not in sync with my wallet and that's why I'm showing a balance below that which I should truly have.

I can think of two possible paths forward:

If I can get the private key from mSigna, I can move the funds manually through a site like blockchain.info, or
I try to re-sync the entire wallet again - and wait a week or more

Are there any other ideas worth considering? Thanks in advance for your help.

Jim


texts: Redeeming physical bitcoin and transfer from mini private key to my wallet

texts:
How do I send bitcoin from physical bitcoin private key to my wallet address?

I can't seem to find an option to receive payment from a 30 byte mini private key and the only thing close is to get from a qt code which opens camera.


texts: Multisig and Bitlicense???? Can a business even be a custodian?

texts:
Lets say a company like BitGo controls one key in a P2SH multisignature address, are they a custodian and subject to the bitlicense?

For enforcement, is it even possible to tell if someone is being a custodian if they use bitlicense?

Any insight appreciated


texts: Sharing ownership of coins via Multi-Signature transactions

texts:
I wonder if it would be possible to use a script to share ownership of an UTXO between 2 or more people.

1 <A pubkey 1> <B pubkey 2> N OP_CHECKMULTISIG

That would let every owner be able to spend these coins without needing to ask the other ones for permission.

This is at the moment a valid standard script that is accepted when it is being sent to the Bitcoin network.

But i am asking myself if this could be used to trick people?

If i pay with such a transaction with the receivers public key and my one in the script, i would still be able to spend these coins afterwards. And the receiver would not even notice that i am able to steal back my paid coins. Is this a realistic scenario?


texts: Where can I find a list of pools and their features? I want to choose the best pool. On google I find no good comparison.


texts: JSON-RPC "couldn't connect to server" via bitcoind CLI (curl works fine)

texts:
This is an odd one. I am running bitcoind 0.9.1 on Ubuntu 14.04 and have this behaviour:

Doesn't work:

$ bitcoind getinfo
error: couldn't connect to server

(timeout after 30s)

Works fine:

$ curl --data-binary '{"jsonrpc": "1.0", "id":"curltest", "method": "getinfo", "params": [] }' -H 'content-type: text/plain;' http://user:pass@localhost:8332/
{"result":{"version":90100,"protocolversion":70002,"walletversion":60000,"balance":0.00000000,"blocks":311140,"timeoffset":0,"connections":13,"proxy":"","difficulty":17336316978.50783157,"testnet":false,"keypoololdest":1402698503,"keypoolsize":102,"paytxfee":0.00000000,"errors":""},"error":null,"id":"curltest"}

Question:

Why does the bitcoind CLI not connect to the server, but curl does?

Driving me nuts. Something buggy in 0.9.1's JSON-RPC client implementation?


texts:
2 days ago I've send some btc from my Bitcoin wallet called Bitcoin-QT(Version v0.8.6) to my Kraken account.
But it is still unconfirmed and still don't see anything on Kraken too.

Last week I did exactly the same thing(send my same Kraken adresse), and I received my coins a half day later on my Kraken account..

So what can be wrong here? Maybe because of the old BTC wallet version?
I'm feeling a little stressed now..

Thanks in advance.

Grtz,

A BTC Noob


texts: How do i differentiate between a scam and a real bitcoin miner?

texts: Someone offered to trade for me through bitcoin. He said i should send a bitcoin to crytomine company then he is going to claim it from the company so that he trades it with a commission of 10% of profit within 48 hours.


texts: How exchanges manage funds and addresses

texts:
I have heard many exchange works like, Holds all their users funds into the exchange main wallet not directly to their user's wallet. These exchange just provide a deposit address to their users for depositing BTC or ETH and their users are never given private keys. So when a deposit is done under any user's address, Its actually transferred into the exchange main wallet at the same time or at the time of selling coin? Selling coins to exchange does not cost any fee for miners?

I want to learn more regarding this matter, Can anyone redirect me to any link that can explain this in easy words and easy way to setup such wallet?


texts: What is the main difference between "light/thin client" and "client" in sense of "functionality" and "capability"?

texts:
What is the main difference between "light/thin client" and "client" in sense of "functionality and capability" ?

I mean, what can a client does that a light/thin client cannot ? (ex. sending transactions? transaction confirmation? etc)


texts:
This Python pip package https://pypi.org/project/bitcoin/ was originally developed by Vitalik Buterin (that Ethereum guy) but is no longer maintained. Is there any alternative equivalent pip package which can also work with segwit addresses? Thanks.

Found this https://github.com/1200wd/bitcoinlib . And it is crap. Won't even install with pip or pipenv.


texts: Is there an equivalent to the Xpub/Zpub for multisig wallets?

texts:
When I have a typical wallet, I can give my Xpub to someone to generate addresses whenever they need. ("they" here could be an instance of BTCPAY server or some other application that I don't want to expose private keys to).

When I have a multisig scheme/wallet. How do addresses get generated? And is there an equivalent key (Xpub, zpub etc) that I could generate and put in my btcpay server?

Thanks


texts: So after reading some information about mining I wanted to know if the only reward for a miner is the block reward or if there a reward per hash, if yes how to find the amount a miner generate per hash?


texts: 1 MB Block Size as a Anti-DoS Attack Measure

texts:
Wikipedia explains the rationale behind the 1 MB block size limit as follows:

The one megabyte block size limit was added in 2010 by Satoshi
Nakamoto as a temporary anti-DoS measure

A SE post expounds on this:

Usually Denial Of Service(DoS) attack may take place on larger sized
blocks. So to avoid this condition initially block size Bitcoin was
chosen to be 1Mb. Because attacker sends a lot of data in the network
to make it busy so that the actual transactions are not able to take
place

What I don't understand is:
1) What stops an attacker from sending illegitimate transactions to quickly filling up the 1 Mb block size in order to perform a DoS attack? What is it about bigger block size that makes this attack more likely?
2) Is there a way to empirically demonstrate that a block size of 1 Mb is less likely to suffer a DoS attack compared to a block size of say 1 GB?
Considering the block size is one of the biggest bottle necks to BTC scalability it seems like a no-brainer that something like has to be proven. A block size of 1 GB would be able to process 1,000 x more transactions per sec compared to a block size of 1 mb.
Thanks


texts:
I've been using a command line tool to fetch spendables from a Bitcoin address. Given an address the following command (source) ouptuts UTXOs the address can spend.

tx -i 1A3cbxFC4zrfgxEb6GhAe97m2rSEyvUetp
 >
4db2ddb59e0cd123d8d0715da9dddbe6b2697c5a1d83163cc049dcc152d1f7ed/0/76a9146337aefd82e6c1f83ab505b78c3bcc413b49364088ac/1061/0/0/0

The format is address/utxo index/script hash/...
However I do not know what the last 4 elements mean, I'm guessing amount, but don't know what the 3 zeros that come afterwards mean - any help appreciated.


texts: I’ll pay whomever can help me Bitcoin Cash from blockchain wallet to Coinbase wallet with Bitcoin address

texts: I've read now a 100 or so questions here with no clearcut answer nor update after they were given advice. I had money in my Bitcoin Cash wallet on Blockchain. I wanted to send the money to my Coinbase account/wallet. No idea how I mixed/messed this up but I accidentally used my Bitcoin wallet address instead of Bitcoin Cash address.  I'm the owner of both accounts/wallets. It shows confirmation with Blockchain that it was sent (52 confirmations). I am too unfamiliar with the process with blockchain and coinbase to understand a lot of what people write as answers. I located the exact "address" that I accidentally used for the transfer from Blockchain to Coinbase. I called Coinbase and they basically said I'm dead water and it's gone (as most of the posts i've read on here state).  Is there a solution?  PLEASE help. >>>>I’ll gladly pay someone to help me figure this out<<<<  whomever can help me get a solution to this, I will gladly and guarantee to send them some of the proceeds


texts: Would bitcoin be compromised if the officially distributed executable was?

texts:
From the official Bitcoin FAQ:

Could miners collude to give themselves money or to fundamentally change the nature of Bitcoin?
... Bitcoin is a distributed network, so any changes implemented to the
system must be accepted by all users. Someone trying to change the way
Bitcoins are generated would have to convince every user to download
and use their software

If somebody hacked bitcoin.org, couldn't they send out an update to the Bitcoin protocol/client that contained malicious "steal all your money" code?
Since the update came from official sources, everyone running bitcoin would see this as a regular and standard update, when it actually was malware.


texts: the only iPhone wallet app offers NO WAY to include a transaction fee?

texts:
I recently sent some bitcoin to a friend using the blockchain.info iPhone app and it sent it with 0 transaction fees.  As a result it caused an awkward situation as my friend was watching block after block added to the blockchain while our transaction remained at 0/unconfirmed.  It eventually got into the blockchain about 8 hours later.

Is this a bug in the app?  I couldn't find any way to control the transaction fee.

EDIT: I'm frankly perplexed that no one seems interested in this question.  Let me put it a bit more starkly.

Making payments using mobile devices is one of the huge promises of bitcoin and was a core part of the original Satoshi vision.  As it stands, the only functional payment app on the top (or 2nd to top... whatever) mobile platform has a serious flaw, in which there is no way to ensure that payments get confirmed in any reasonable amount of time.

Shouldn't this be adressed?


texts: How does bitcoin core calculate the local address score

texts: For example, I have a node running with an ipv4 and an onion address, when I run the bitcoin-cli getnetwork info it have a field called score, and is unique per address. But, how the core calculate it? By how many inbound peers has been opened?


texts: How to run bitcoind (command line client) without connecting to other nodes?

texts: I'm running Abe to create a blockchain SQL database, so I don't want the Bitcoin client to touch my copy of the blockchain at the moment. But I would like to query the blockchain with the bitcoind client. Is there a way to run bitcoind without connecting to other nodes?


texts: I have an address in an investment site I did some investments. Want to withdraw right now, but I can not remember what wallet that address is linked to. Can I trace an address to a wallet?


texts: Why does getdata have a field for the number of inventory entries?

texts:
After a node receives an inv message, you can get the data for each tx/block hash using getdata:

  getdata - Request a single block or transaction by hash.

So if you can only get one tx or block at a time, what's the purpose of having a field in the getdata message for the number of entries you are requesting?

Field Size  Description   Data type   Comments
----------  ------------  ----------  -------------
?           count         var_int     Number of inventory entries
36x?        inventory     inv_vect[]  Inventory vectors

https://wiki.bitcoin.com/w/Network#Messages
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_documentation#getdata


texts: Electrum seed words safety dumb question

texts:
I am starting with bitcoin and even though I understand pretty well how the blockchain works, the seed words used by some wallets (MultiBit and Electrum) give me creeps and doubts.
The main question is: Why they are safe?
The base for the question: Humans are not good source from random data so we use seed words from a random-pc-time-based source. This seed words are a representation of a binary number and the phrase with 12 words makes a 128bit hash. Those words are drawn from a 4096 words dictionary. The dictionary from Electrum is saved in a python script, for example. So, we can say we know those 4096 words. I have a seed phrase (12 words) from my wallet. What protects all the network of someone who changes the last word of his own phrase 4096 times, to open 4096 bitcoin wallets?
I know with Electrum, again for example, that 128 of those 4096 generate valid addresses. What protect the network then of someone opening the bitcoin wallets of 128 mates and stealing all the money?
The last part is more simple, the validation is made online, how an wallet check of the words open the private key if they can work offline?


texts:
gmaxwell posted this a few years ago:

https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=53855.msg642768#msg642768

What became of the project?


texts: How would one get accounting software that is compatible with an "alternative chain?"

texts:
Suppose there was a company that used a blockchain-like "alternative chain" to record its financial transactions. And that would be because a large number of transactions would use Bitcoin. How would it find an accounting software that could decipher this raw data and compile accounting reports?

Is there any Bitcoin-linked "standard" software that can do this job? Can it be found open source online? Or would one try to lease such an application from one of the big accounting firms?


texts: Bitcoins recently sent from localbitcoins.com wallet not showing in recipient wallet

texts: I recently sent bitcoin from local bitcoin .com and it's not registering in my wallet that I sent it. It's 1000$ what do I do?


texts:
I am trying the JSON-RPC call from https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/API_reference_(JSON-RPC)#Ruby

require 'net/http'
require 'uri'
require 'json'

class BitcoinRPC
  def initialize(service_url)
    @uri = URI.parse(service_url)
  end

  def method_missing(name, *args)
    post_body = { 'method' => name, 'params' => args, 'id' => 'jsonrpc' }.to_json
    resp = JSON.parse( http_post_request(post_body) )
    raise JSONRPCError, resp['error'] if resp['error']
    resp['result']
  end

  def http_post_request(post_body)
    http    = Net::HTTP.new(@uri.host, @uri.port)
    request = Net::HTTP::Post.new(@uri.request_uri)
    request.basic_auth @uri.user, @uri.password
    request.content_type = 'application/json'
    request.body = post_body
    http.request(request).body
  end

  class JSONRPCError < RuntimeError; end
end

if $0 == __FILE__
  h = BitcoinRPC.new('http://rpcuser:rpcpassword@127.0.0.1:8332')
  p h.getbalance
  p h.getinfo
  p h.getnewaddress
  p h.dumpprivkey( h.getnewaddress )
end

But when I try running the file, I get a RPC.rb: end of file reached (EOFError)

I have the bitcoind running, I can run various commands, but I an not seem to get this script running.


texts: Is there any opencart extension where I can use address generated by my personal bitcoin daemon?

texts:
I want to integrate pay via bitcoin option on my website but I dont want to use any third party payment gateways like bitpay or BIPS what I want is a extension of opencart in which I can pass username and password of the daemon running on my server and the extension generate new addresses for every customer upon request.

I can do it by changing php files of opencart but that will take time so I am looking for a ready to use extension.


texts: View recovered wallet.dat contents without sync?

texts:
After recovering a wallet.dat file, and replacing the default wallet.dat file Bitcoin-Core created after a fresh install, should I be seeing the amount of BTC in the wallet even before a full sync?

Can I view wallet contents in an offline environment, without an online blockchain sync?


texts: Stealing a correct hash because of an invalid block

texts:
Suppose that a miner find the right hashes but involuntarily or by malicious intention then create an invalid block, like trying to double spend a transaction
My guess is that the moment this block is broadcast the first node to receive and test this block will immediately copy the correct hashes and produce a block of his own this one valid and with his own coinbase address.
I know that this scenario has little chance to happen because miner know that their coinbase will be steal and rejected by the network, but is this a valid working process ?


texts: What are the political and environmental implications of growing Bitcoin electricity consumption?

texts:
I have found lots of articles talking about how bitcoin works, and quite a few that analyze the growing industry around it. Relatively little though speaks to the potential political implications of Bitcoin's growing electricity consumption.

It seems to me that since block reward and mining industry gross margins are reasonably steady in the short term, that if Bitcoin were to (say) rise ten fold in price similar to previous rises eg. at the end of 2013, this would encourage a near-proportionate rise in the hash rate and electricity consumption.

Already I read that Bitcoin consumes as much electricity as a small country. Can the world cope with the environmental consequences of a short-term 10x or 100x jump in the Bitcoin price? What might the reaction of major powers (especially China) be?

Am I wrong in concluding that a massive short term jump in the price simply won't be politically or environmentally feasible?


texts: What happens when "Request expires" in Electrum?

texts:
If I understand correctly, wallet is a collection of private keys.

Electrum client, in "Receive" tab has this form to request money.
Every time new "Receiving address" changes, Electrum has to generate new sequence:

private key → public key → bitcoin address

What I'm unsure about, is whether Electrum ever deletes private keys that were generated, consequently making some bitcoin addresses it previously generated no longer controlled by me?


texts: What was the price of Bitcoin in USD when bitcoin cash forked?

texts: What was the USD price of Bitcoin on the various exchanges when bitcoin cash forked?


texts: createrawtransaction, multiple outputs, single input?

texts:
following the manual on https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=101525.0 , i would like to merge multiple fractions of BTC from multiple addresses i own, to another single address i own(reassemble, sort of, organize stuff). how will my approach look like? i still don't get what does "vout" value mean in the createrawtransaction? i think it's about this:

# assume i would like to merge transactions "aaaa..." and "bbbb..." to address "1mainaddr..."
# "aaaa..." has 0.01  btc unspent
# "bbbb..." has 0.0105 btc unspent
# "1mainaddr..." is emtpy
# i would like to pay 0.0005 btc as a fee

createrawtransaction [{txid:aaaa...,vout=0},{txid:bbbb...,vout=1}] {1mainaddr...=0.02}

is that correct?
i would like to first test this on testnet but still waiting on block confirmations. i'd appreciate 1-2 testnet BTC on moBHB5euzHyKtcabpD3UND9PYB994cisqb and will return it to you once block 101602 is confirmed.


texts:
I need some help to install and configure p2pool.
I run a Debian 7
installed bitcoin and litecoin (getinfo ok)
firewall with open port 3332 3333 8332 8333 9332 9327 9333 9338
installed p2pool and run it with

python run_p2pool.py --net litecoin

I just keep having this error, googled for it but can't seem to find any correct answers for this.

Testing bitcoind RPC connection to 'http://127.0.0.1:3333/' with username 'Litecoinrpc'...
2014-03-16 13:41:47.063358 > Error while checking Bitcoin connection:
2014-03-16 13:41:47.063426 > Traceback (most recent call last):
2014-03-16 13:41:47.063463 > Failure: twisted.internet.error.ConnectionRefusedError: Connection was refused by other side: 111: Connection refused.

Any help would be greatly appreciated


texts:
I installed bitcoin core and I am generating an address using getnewaddress. To get the private_key of the address I am using dumpprivkey. To get the unspents I am using listunspent. Till here everything is working perfectly. Now the problem is let's say If I created an address without using bitcoin core then can I get the unspents of the address? I tried using dumpprivkey and it is returning

unspent = host.call('listunspent',0,9999999,['msjK2Az65fzqzUDA6yB6QeNi42ssUAxG93'])

Error:

Exception: Error in RPC call: {'code': -4, 'message': 'Private key for address msjK2Az65fzqzUDA6yB6QeNi42ssUAxG93 is not known'}

I tried listunspent and it is returning empty list. How to get the unspent of the address created without using bitcoin core?


texts: lightning node data visibility on explorers

texts:
I'm trying to set my first c-lightning node with docker-compose using image from https://hub.docker.com/r/elementsproject/lightningd. currently, my node can connect and open channel with other nodes (and I can open a channel to the node just fine), but it's still not updated (ie has no information) on most explorers.

the following is result of getinfo and listconfigs

getinfo
{
   "id": "03db40337c2de299a8fa454fdf89d311615d50a27129d43286696d9e497b2b027a",
   "alias": "TestName",
   "color": "fff000",
   "num_peers": 3,
   "num_pending_channels": 0,
   "num_active_channels": 3,
   "num_inactive_channels": 0,
   "address": [
      {
         "type": "ipv4",
         "address": "68.183.195.14",
         "port": 9735
      }
   ],
   "binding": [
      {
         "type": "ipv4",
         "address": "172.18.0.3",
         "port": 9735
      }
   ],
   "version": "v0.7.1-906-gf657146",
   "blockheight": 601917,
   "network": "bitcoin",
   "msatoshi_fees_collected": 0,
   "fees_collected_msat": "0msat"
}

listconfigs
{
   "# version": "v0.7.1-906-gf657146",
   "lightning-dir": "/root/.lightning",
   "wallet": "sqlite3:///root/.lightning/lightningd.sqlite3",
   "plugin": "/usr/local/bin/../libexec/c-lightning/plugins/pay",
   "plugin": "/usr/local/bin/../libexec/c-lightning/plugins/autoclean",
   "plugin": "/usr/local/bin/../libexec/c-lightning/plugins/fundchannel",
   "network": "bitcoin",
   "allow-deprecated-apis": true,
   "always-use-proxy": false,
   "daemon": "false",
   "rpc-file": "lightning-rpc",
   "rgb": "fff000",
   "alias": "HubTest",
   "bitcoin-rpcuser": [redacted],
   "bitcoin-rpcpassword": [redacted],
   "bitcoin-rpcconnect": "bitcoind",
   "bitcoin-retry-timeout": 60,
   "pid-file": "lightningd-bitcoin.pid",
   "ignore-fee-limits": false,
   "watchtime-blocks": 144,
   "max-locktime-blocks": 2016,
   "funding-confirms": 3,
   "commit-fee-min": 200,
   "commit-fee-max": 2000,
   "commit-fee": 500,
   "cltv-delta": 14,
   "cltv-final": 10,
   "commit-time": 10,
   "fee-base": 0,
   "rescan": 15,
   "fee-per-satoshi": 1,
   "max-concurrent-htlcs": 30,
   "min-capacity-sat": 10000,
   "bind-addr": "172.18.0.3:9735",
   "announce-addr": "68.183.195.14:9735",
   "offline": "false",
   "autolisten": true,
   "disable-dns": "false",
   "enable-autotor-v2-mode": "false",
   "encrypted-hsm": false,
   "log-level": "DEBUG",
   "log-prefix": "lightningd(7):"
}

is there something wrong with this configuration? or is it another issue?

I understand that explorers update their node list irregularly, and as far as the node can open channels (and can be connected), everything is fine. but this thing has bugging me for weeks.


texts: Why do I have to update my node version if I am up to date?

texts:
So a few months ago I unplugged my bitcoin node when it was running perfectly. So when I connected it again this week I had to let it sync to the blockchain again. Now you can see it's synced but I have several issues.
It tells me to update the version when v0.19.0.1 is totally up to date. And if I need to update, how do I do it?
Secondly I don't know but it says that my node is unreachable (I cropped out the IP address). How can I fix it?

Thanks


texts: Transactions seen by peers, but not confirming

texts:
I have an old MultiBit wallet (v. 05.16) and within the last month I have experienced delays when transferring bitcoin.  Some transfers have been seen by 2 peers and some by 6 peers, but none have gone through.

One of those transactions was f0ecb670ba640eeff7762c63c2e220ec469180feb08305e1af64c271530e8a2e0: Seen by 10 peers. Pending/unconfirmed.

Can you provide any troubleshooting advice? Can I reverse or cancel the transaction?


texts: Buying on one exchange then selling on the other

texts:
I'm curious as to what is keeping the majority of the people from buying on one exchange, where the going USD/BTC rare is cheaper, and selling it on another, where the rate can be USD$50 to USD$100 higher.

There are probably people doing that already. But since opening up accounts in multiple exchanges is no feat, why isn't a much larger portion of active traders doing this?

PS: I understand the answer MAY be speculative, thus not suitable for SE. At the same time, the answer might NOT be speculative - there might be a solid reason behind it. So I'm here to learn. Please vote for closure if you see fit, but do not downvote, given that I am aware of what kind of questions should be asked here.


texts: Calculation of transaction fee for transaction

texts:
I like to calculate the transaction fee which takes place for making the transaction to blockchain platform.

How can i calculate it??

I had gone through google and got to know that it's based on the number of blocks but still i am unable to understand it how it will be calculated.

So, is there any formula or process to calculate it ??

Thanks in advance for your revert...


texts: What was the timeline of the Bitcoin Unlimited Hack as of 2017-March and where was it in the code?

texts:
I've been trying to follow the Bitcoin Unlimited hack timeline (2017-Mar) and there seems to be conflicting stories on both sides. It's obviously to confuse the 3rd party into finding the truth. My main questions are:

When was the exploit discovered and by whom?
When was the fix issued after the discovery of the exploit?
When did the hack occur to knock out over 700+ Bitcoin Unlimited nodes?
There were reports of these 700+ nodes going offline and then within a few hours, it all came back online. If this is the case, how does one conclude that these 700+ nodes are controlled by a few people?
Who are the main characters on both sides in this hack to affect news stories and perception?
Where was the hack in the code exactly?


texts: I'm looking into generating addresses outside of Armory using https://github.com/prusnak/addrgen. It requires a master public key which I can't seem find. Does anybody know where I might find it or is Armory not compatible such a system?


texts: Missing transaction in newly installed Bither wallet

texts:
On bitcoin.org I learned about the Bither wallet.
I installed it, created an HD account, and replenished the wallet sending to the address 19QpMgv2N2hSJNq6Nrkg1rzJ1Fc9s2Pjbf. As can be seen, the transaction is completed according to blockchain.com, but my wallet is still empty after five days!
The address is correct and I already checked it many times.
I know that my money is there, because it can be checked in the Blockchain system.

How do I withdraw my money from this wallet?
It looks like a scam!
Since https://bitcoin.org advertises this wallet, then they also participate in this.


texts: I am trying to see some bitcoin charts but looks like all sites are down. Any help?


texts: What is block forwarding logic of the Satoshi Client?

texts:
Could anyone explain in simple words what does the reference client do when it receives a orphan, stale or best-chain block regarding sending "inv", "block" and "getdata" commands?
An interaction diagram or concise description would be very useful.

The block forwarding logic is spread all over main.cpp source code.

A complete answer should allow to respond these simple questions with true/false:

a. An orphan block received from a peer is not announced to the remaining peers until the parents are found ("inv" command not sent immediately).

b. A stale block (not in the best chain) received from a peer is not announced to the remaining peers until it becomes part of the best chain ("inv" command not sent immediately).

c. Some blocks are forwarded even if they are not requested by peers ("block" command issued even if "getdata" not received). Which blocks?

d. Orphan blocks can be requested by peers using "getdata".

e. Stale blocks can be requested by peers using "getdata".

f. Nodes request whatever block it's announced by a peer "inv" command for which they don't have the hash, being stale, orphan or invalid.

This link https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=41729.0 describes the interaction, but it's terribly complicated. Can it be described in more simple words?


texts:
I want to create a raw transaction with python and i found the script
Makes a transaction from the inputsoutputs is a list of [redemptionSatoshis, outputScript]

def makeRawTransaction(outputTransactionHash, sourceIndex, scriptSig, outputs):

def makeOutput(data):redemptionSatoshis, outputScript = datareturn (struct.pack("<Q", redemptionSatoshis).encode('hex') +'%02x' % len(outputScript.decode('hex')) + outputScript)

formattedOutputs = ''.join(map(makeOutput, outputs))
return ( "01000000" +  "01" + outputTransactionHash.decode('hex')[::-1].encode('hex') +
outputTransactionHash struct.pack('<L', sourceIndex).encode('hex') + '%02x' %
len(scriptSig.decode('hex')) + scriptSig + "ffffffff" + "%02x" % len(outputs) +formattedOutputs + "00000000")


texts: Empty wallet after making a Bitcoin purchase

texts: I am new to Bitcoin and purchased a small amount some months ago and it does not show in my wallet even after finishing syncing. How to I find my bitcoins and get them to show in my wallet?


texts: How to calculate value of pair but in opposite direction

texts:
I am new to trading so my question might seem obvious or stupid to some but here goes.

Exchanges often quote crypto pairs in a specific order, i.e. ETH/BTC but not very often (if at all) BTC/ETH. Also XRP/BTC but not BTC/XRP.

What if someone wants to buy BTC by selling XRP or ETC. Is it possible? If yes, how is that value calculated?

e.g. looking at ETH/BTC on Binance today the value is $8,101.82. What if I want to buy BTC from ETH (i.e. BTC/ETH), how do we calculate that value given the prices an exchange gives on ETH/BTC?

Thank you.


texts: Like I would do wget -O - http://blockchain.info/q/getblockcount 2>/dev/null for the main net.


texts: Can I change a transaction description in Electrum while the transaction is still unconfirmed?

texts: I inserted a wrong description into a transaction made with Electrum per mistake, so I double clicked the description in and changed it to another value, while it was unconfirmed. My question is, will this last (final) value be visible once it is confirmed?


texts: How do I move the blockchain file location on Windows?

texts:
I tried to edit the storage information for the blockchain. Neither the Windows 7 nor Bitcoin qt could do it (it says that the app can't open the configuration file).

So I tried to edit the -datadir in in Bitcoin qt. The app doesn't give me a response for the command (I thought it had worked but the blockchain was yet being download in my desktop).

I don't know how to create the symbolic link that someone has wrote in another question. Can someone give me some information that I may had misread?


texts: Best way to get the entire bitcoin transaction history

texts:
From my understanding that the entire bitcoin transaction history is stored in every client. I'm looking into ways to get this information out and get them into databases or simply csv files.

I have checked out this repository on github:
https://github.com/bitcoin-abe/bitcoin-abe

But it seems it has not been updated for a while, and it mentions

  Prior to Bitcoin v0.8, this assumption seemed safe. Abe may need some fixes to >avoid skipping blocks while current and future Bitcoin versions run.

I'm wondering if there is other tools for getting the entire transaction history out?

Thanks in advance!


texts:
I understand that forks are resolved by opting in for the eventual longest chain, preferring the chain with the longest POW. But everything I read on this suggests it's just random chance or that the next block is really "alone" on some nodes due to delays in propagating, so "tough luck".
But let's imagine the scenario where a miner changes the last block with incorrect information for his own benefit, creating block A which should be rejected by the network. Another miner creates block B with the correct data.
We now have a fork, with block A and B being at the end of the chain.
The next miner needs to choose one of the blocks, hopefully not validating the bad intentions of the first miner. How does this gets resolved, how does block A get proven wrong?


texts:
I had a small amount of BTC before the fork in my Blockchain.info wallet. I got the same amount in BCH post fork. Up until Blockchain started accepting BCH in the main dashboard (November 2017?), I used to be able to see my BCH balance in the Settings menu. Post Blockchain accepting BCH in the main dashboard, my BCH balance seems to have disappeared from the Settings menu. I sent a ticket to Blockchain and have not had a reply in like 2 weeks.

Is anyone else having this problem? Any ideas how to get my BCH?

Thanks


texts: In a Proof of Stake (PoS) mining scheme what prevents miners from producing many more blocks or inflating the currency?

texts:
In a traditional Proof of Work (PoW) scheme it's assumed it takes some amount of time to compute the PoW function, such as SHA256x2 in Bitcoin and the difficulty increases as the network is capable of mining faster than the target 10 minutes.

In many Proof of Stake (PoS) schemes other metrics are used to determine if a miner was "selected" to have stake in the block, usually by looking at bits of TX inputs.

What keeps a PoS miner from having essentially infinite TX input hashes available on hand at any moment and mining blocks at a fast rate to inflate the currency / collect lots of subsidy rewards?


texts: Bitcoin trade volume and trade transactions

texts:
Am I correct assuming that bitcoin transaction volume (https://blockchain.info/nl/charts/n-transactions-excluding-popular)
represents "the usage in real transactions" Hence, it does not represent exchange trading transactions?

The reason I ask is because the trade volume vs transaction volume ratio is not available anymore: (https://www.quandl.com/data/BCHAIN/TVTVR-Bitcoin-Trade-Volume-vs-Transaction-Volume-Ratio) and I am somewhat confused by the names of the variables.

In short:
Is https://blockchain.info/nl/charts/n-transactions-excluding-chains-longer-than-100 the transaction volume? (Purchase real life goods etc)

Thanks.


texts: I deposited dogecoins in my cryptsy account through faucet. How the transaction id (txid) has been displayed in cryptsy UI? suppose I make the transaction then I know the transaction id, but how cryptsy get transaction id for the particular address?


texts: Explanation of what an OP_RETURN transaction looks like

texts: How is OP_RETURN used and why was it introduced in the first place?


texts: What is the purpose of the "category" Bitcoin Core RPC API field/property?

texts:
When using the Bitcoin Core RPC API to list the transactions, there is a "category" property, which can apparently be either "send" or "receive". Then there's the "amount" field, which is like 0.05 or -0.05.
Don't we know whether it's a "send" or "receive" merely based on the amount? If it's positive, it must be a "receive", and if negative, it must be a "send"... no?
Is there any reason I should be storing whether it was a "receive" or "send", since I can (apparently) just look at the amount to see if the number is negative or positive?


texts: Is there any guide or good practice rules to follow when developing a service that uses the Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies protocols? For instance, how is the best way to know if a user deposited coins to an address.


texts: How to split the funds and send X% to fee wallet and the remaining funds to another wallet?

texts:
Anybody have any idea about how to do it?

User send the bitcoins
X% goes to fee wallet
remaining funds goes to service wallet

I'm trying to use the "sendfrom" but it's not working because he only send the fee amount (or the first call), never the rest.

$sendingFee = $bitcoin->sendfrom($account, $addFee, $feeFormated, 0);
$sendingRest = $bitcoin->sendfrom($account, $addRest, $restMath, 0);

This is my code:

<?php

require("easybitcoin.php");
$bitcoin = new Bitcoin("root", "000000", "localhost", "18332");

function fee($fee, $bal){
    $final = ($fee / 100) * $bal;
    return $final;
}

#account
$account = "pizza";

#fee address
$addFee = "2N9xQyV6itnZNBv5NSLUy8ffXcfopVvP19v";

#Rest address
$addRest = "2MtEzMsT9eedTms9ivEQnjuHPRWw1DHnxyT";

#% charged
$tax = 10;

#balance
$balance = $bitcoin->getbalance($account, 1);

#do a math to remove X%
$feeMath = fee($tax, $balance);

#I was receiving "invalid amount" error. Fixed with this, I was giving 9 instead of 8 after zero. See satoshis for more.
$feeFormated = number_format($feeMath, 8);

#remove the fee from current balance
$restMath = $balance - $feeFormated;

#send the fee to the address xxxx
$sendingFee = $bitcoin->sendfrom($account, $addFee, $feeFormated, 0);

#send the balance minus fee to the address yyy
$sendingRest = $bitcoin->sendfrom($account, $addRest, $restMath, 0);

$err = $bitcoin->error;

#Print message for control
print_r("Fee TXID = " . $sendingFee . " Amount sent = " . "" . $feeFormated . "

");
print_r("Rest TXID = " . $sendingRest . " Amount sent = " . "" . $restMath . "

");

print_r("It's not working because: " . $err);

echo var_dump($sendingFee) . "

";
echo var_dump($sendingRest) . "

";

?>

It's not perfect (far from this) but please understand, I'm not a php guy, even a programmer, I'm just working in a personal project as a hobby.

Maybe should I use "sendmany"? If so, how to use this with php? I saw some examples on internet but nothing showing how to use with php and variables.

Thanks in advance.


texts: Can Initial Channel Balances be figured out from the Funding Transaction?

texts:
The Initial Funding Transaction happens in Bitcoin and is linked to the Lightning Network.

Can an adversary figure out the initial channel balances by identifying the according Bitcoin Funding Transaction?


texts:
When I try to send BTC from my Electrum wallet address to one of my unused addresses in Electrum, just as a test, it comes up with an error message (U'message':u'TX rejected, U'code':-22).
I'm using electrum-1.6.2 Install version on my Windows 7 64-bit PC.

I changed the Electrum server and then the transmission worked, so I guess it was an error transmitting data to the server.

Can someone confirm that Error "22" refers to a transmission error to the server?
Also, is there a list of error message numbers, so in future I can refer to the list?


texts: Is it legal in Egypt to sell BTC, and is that available there?

texts:
My friend from USA is trying to send money to me but he can't do that through Moneygram or WU.
So he asked if it's possible to send the money through Bitcoin.

So, I'm not sure if it's going to work out.


texts: Mt. Gox API - getting confirmation of a trade order

texts:
I want to place a trade order at market price from an existing wallet in some auxiliary currency. After a successfull trade, I need to do some other work (fullfillment).

However, I'm having trouble figuring out whether my order went successfull :(

For instance, when the wallet in the auxiliary currency is empty or too low (and the order should fail), I'm getting the exact same response that I'm getting upon a successfull trade:

$response = {
          'data' => 'XXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXX', ## not actual order id/oid
          'result' => 'success'
        };

What's the way I'm supposed to check for a successfull trade?


texts: How much will Segwit *actually* increase bitcoin capacity for realistic transactions?

texts:
I often see claims that Segwit increases transactions per block by 1.7x to 2x. I'm not sure if this is true, but if I do the math myself, I don't get this number.

My understanding is:

1) The “weight” calc changes from:

weight = transaction size
to:
weight = non_sig_siz * 4 + sig_size

where total max "weight" per block goes from 1024^2 to 4*(1024^2).

Really weight is a new concept, previously it was measured in bytes.

2) That typical transactions are around 500b, and that signatures are 65b of that. They vary, but you can check here for average historical transaction sizes:

https://tradeblock.com/bitcoin/historical/1h-f-tsize_per_avg-01101

3)

((500.0 – 65.0)*4+65)/4.0 = 451.25
1-(451.25/500) = 9.7%

Suggesting we’d only get about 10% not 70-100% more transactions with segwit.

I'm not sure if there a mistake in my math, or my understanding of segwit weights, or typical tx sizes, or something else. I've seen 1.7 to 2x in posts from people more knowledgeable than me, so I would be interested to see how this works.

Of course if transactions were not typical, and had almost nothing but signature data in them, you could fit far far more transactions in a block.  E.g. if you could find a way to create a transaction that was only signature data, you could fit about 8x as many transactions per block, though those transactions would be useless.

For typical realistic use cases, is my 10% figure in the right order of magnitude, or is there something I'm missing that would allow 2x as many realistic useful transactions?


texts: Is it possible to use bitcoin core on Mac OS Sierra saving the data on the network drive?

texts:
I got Mac Book Pro 2015 with Mac OS Sierra 10.12.6 (16G29) and 3 TB WD MyCloud network drive. I need to run bitcoin core client saving the blockchain data on this network drive, located on my home network. I created a symlink:

admins-MacBook-Pro:~ admin$ ln -s /Volumes/User/Bitcoin ~/Bitcoin

This worked fine, then tried to run the Bitcoin-qt client:

/Applications/Bitcoin-Qt.app/Contents/MacOS/Bitcoin-Qt -datadir=/Users/admin/Bitcoin/

But got this result:

Deleting the .lock file does not help. No files are created in the directory except the  .lock file.

What is the reason and how to make it work?

Update: strange enough, but using the same machine on the same network, but different OS (Windows 10 via Bootcamp) the Bitcoin-Qt application works just fine with the data directory on the network drive. It started syncing.


texts: How can I transfer unconfirmed transactions from wallet.dat to a new blockchain wallet

texts:
My question may not be very clear since I’m not really an expert in bitcoin and its technology. But in my possession I have just a wallet.dat files with an unconfirmed transaction on it.
I followed a procedure of spending the unconfirmed Bitcoin from the wallet.dat wallet into a new blockchain wallet address.
At this level I have linked the wallet.dat with my bitcoin core, and even checked the wallet.dat balance on bitref and it shows the bitcoins is unspent but unconfirmed.
This is where I’m confused

available balance on my Bitcoin core is 0.00000 and blocks not yet fully syncd.
I tried using the JSON process of spending the bitcoins into a new blockchain wallet, after putting all I was asked in the process I got what you will see below.

E2 -> Error Parse error on line ‘1’ parse error on line^
Expecting‘STRING’, ‘NUMBER’, ‘NULL’, ‘TRUE’, ‘FALSE’
‘{‘, ‘[‘, got ‘undefined
And left me with no option than OK.
My bitcoin core version is 0.19.0.1
I don’t know if my question does makes sense but that’s what I’m facing please some should help me


texts: Multi-signature transactions: Address based? What is the limit?

texts:
As I understand them, multisig transactions are actually transactions from multisig addresses (addresses requiring n sigs).  Is this correct?  (in other words, "multi-sig transactions" == "transactions from multisig addresses")
What is the limit on n?  Couldn't an attacker spam the blockchain by creating a giant multisig address with large n?  What are the precautions in place?


texts: Bitcoin Core on Windows get wallet address

texts: I have recently downloaded and installed the Bitcoin core software for Windows. It is still currently syncing at 10.89%. I am unable to find the wallet address anywhere in the application itself. If you could please point out what I am missing here. Do I have to wait until the sync is complete or can I retrieve my wallet address and begin receiving some transactions.


texts: How to use "lockunspent" in bitcoin core wallet console?

texts:
Try to use the Lockunspend RPC in bitcoin core wallet console. But always get wrong, and google it can't find answer.

My input is:

lockunspent false "[{"txid":"c3fa34606ae3ea416ff640d97414ef6a0a8afcebfbe2c60403ad60c0d961f04c","vout":0}]"

Is anyone can teach me where I am wrong? Thanks


texts: Creating blocks while more transactions arrive and proof of work mechanics

texts:
I am having a hard time understanding the details of how blocks are getting created by miners while many transactions are being received by various nodes at slightly different times and what information from these broadcasts get combined with a nonce to find the target to satisfy the proof of work.

Let's say that Alice sends Bob 1 BTC. This transaction gets broadcasted to the entire network of miners who will then verify that transaction is correct and proceed to try and find a nonce to create a block with all other transactions that they have received.

However, there are many transaction broadcasts happening simultaneously. Transactions can arrive at different nodes at different times due to latency. How does each individual node know how many and what transactions to include in the block? What happens to transactions that arrive to the node while the block is being "mined"? Or do new transactions get added to the block while it is being mined? What data from the transactions gets combined with a nonce and hashed to find the target?


texts: Unconfirmed transaction in multibit wallet

texts:
Can someone please give me a itemised step by step process for releasing my BTC from my Multibit HD wallet.

I bought some bitcoin back in 2016 and I would like to sell it now but I cannot send from the wallet as its saying it is unconfirmed and still receiving, though when I check the blockchain it shows the transaction as confirmed?!? https://www.blockchain.com/search?search=f768ec15ef743fa284187a8cb9f8c6f4e802ac6cb902c3db05bbe0f79f3511db
I would also like to claim my bitcoin gold and bit coin cash!


texts: Using Python: create a private key of my choosing, then generate public key and address

texts:
I'm looking for a simple, easy to use Bitcoin library for Python.

What I want to do is verify I can enter a hex private key that I want, and get the expected pubkey in compressed format, and the 1Btc... address.

I've looked at cryptotools on github which looked promising, and easy to use, but it would not accept a hex value that wasn't a multiple of 2.  I know that sounds odd, but I want to be able to enter a hex value like c12 and have it work as expected (unless I have to enter 0c12 and that will work, with the leading zero discarded).  I expect than when I enter 0cfa721d that this will be interpreted as big endian.

bitcoinlib looks promising, but I find it confusing and I've tried for a couple of hours but unsure of how to get what I want.

Input private key in hex
Get back pub key in hash160 format, compressed
Get the 1Btc... address as well.

I wonder if this is a strict mathematical relationship.  For instance could there be an arbitrary or infinite number of pub keys from the private key?  Is there a way to ensure I get the pubkey I want from the private key?  I want to test known private keys with the pubkey and BTC address generated that corresponds to known private keys and addresses, so I can try and figure out how whoever generated these addresses from choices of private keys I can try to replicate and do the same thing myself.

Thank you for any help or suggestions.


texts: How do you generate a QR code for a not so popular coin?

texts: I'm running a the datacoin-qt client and was wondering how do you generate a QR code? This is relatively a new coin and I can generate an address, but I'm not sure where I can goto to generate a QR code for this.


texts: It is often said that the major bottleneck of blockchain scalability is that every (honest) node has to process every (valid) transactions. But the progress of a blockchain is how fast it reaches consensus, and this does not seem to require all nodes to verify all transactions as the block containing the longest chain can spread throughout the network before every transactions in the block is verified by all the nodes.


texts: Is Light Bitcoin a legitimate site or a SCAM?

texts: Is light Bitcoin a legitimate Mining site or another SCAM?


texts: Why is scriptSig filled with scriptPubKey before signing a transaction?

texts:
I'm checking the transaction signing as described here Redeeming a raw transaction step by step example required.

What is the reason for steps 5 and 6: temporarily filling scriptSig with scriptPubKey of the output we want to redeem?

Can't this just be skipped, as with txid and output index we uniquely specify the output thus scriptPubKey and we don't get any value with this filling?


texts: What is the easiest way to "listen" to the network?

texts: If I want to automatically check up on payments and ensure they are not double spends and check the confirmation count, what is the easiest way to do so?


texts: Access to exchanges' (especially Mt. Gox's) transaction history?

texts: I'm attempting to do statistical research on the Bitcoin market, and I would like to have access to the transaction data of as many exchanges as possible. Specifically, I'm looking for every trade made on a given exchange. Mt. Gox is obviously my primary interest because it handles the highest volume. Is this data available for download anywhere, or am I going to have to start collecting it myself? Specifically, I want to be able to store all transactions in a SQL database, so I would like them in an easily parsable format.


texts: How do I find a "Bitcoin address" for buying Bitcoin?

texts: I am very new to Bitcoin and just learning my way around my Bitcoin wallet, etc. Recently, in order to try to find out more about buying Bitcoin, I clicked on "Buy Bitcoin" in my wallet, but was immediately required to "enter Bitcoin address" before I could go any further.  I don't know what to enter here, or how to find out.  Can someone enlighten me, please ?


texts: How to recover my Copay wallet using the 12 word seed phrase

texts:
I'm new to Bitcoin/Copay. I decided to signup at coinbase deposited $80. I read you needed a wallet. I decided on copay. Transferred the funds to my wallet. Everything processed smoothly and my copay wallet showed $76. I then went to the merchant and tried to pay. A spend password popped up. i couldn't remember the password. I may have mixed it up with my coinbase password instead.

I then did a little digging online and read that I could delete copay from my Android phone and reinstall it using the 12 word phrase to by pass/reset spending password. I did that. Now if I restore using only the phrase it creates a "Personal Wallet" with no funds in it.

If I try and restore wallet with 12 word phrase and try and guess the recovery phrase password (Under Advanced Options) I get an error saying
"Could not access the wallet at the server
Please Check
The password of the recovery phrase (if Set)
The derivation path
The wallet service URL
Is there any way I can recover my wallet/funds I do know the 12 word phrase. and I thought that would have all I would have needed.

Thanks for any help fixing this.


texts: How difficulty variation is technically linked to time take for the block discovery?

texts:
Can anybody explain to me technically in units about the time relation to difficulty variation in bitcoin mining e.g. if a block is discovered in 10 minutes, does
T = 10 minutes?
or T = 20160 minutes
and then as
Difficulty is inversely proportional to the time taken.
How it can be formulated to proper time and difficulty relation evaluation.


texts:
I'm trying to understand the privacy risks with a hardware wallet like a Trezor, Ledger, or similar. I understand the common workflow with these wallets is that you use an SPV bitcoin client which communicates with this hardware wallet over USB. On the "spend" side of things, I assume the hardware wallet signs a transaction that the SPV client sends to the network. On the "check balances/confirmation" side of things, I believe the SPV client would check with various nodes just like it would for a normal wallet, so those nodes would have information on what addresses where associated together and coming from a single IP address.

I'm guessing at a lot of this, so I'm hoping someone can clear things up.


texts: Where can I get the source code of Bircoin or ANY other cryptocurrency compilable in Visual Studio?

texts:
I really want to study the source in detail. I'm using windows so can't compile the source on Github. I found one here : http://bitcoinqtmsvc2012.codeplex.com/, but couldn't get it to compile even after downloadinng and installing all dependencies required.

Can anyone please refer me to a compilable version of bitcoin in visual studio format?


texts: why did blockchain.info misstate the value of this transaction

texts:
Here is a transaction to SatoshiDice for 0.01 BTC:

But examine the corresponding entry in blockchain.info:

They think this:

Total Input 0.01974 BTC
Total Output 0.01973 BTC

But that is innacurate!

it's acually:

Total Input 0.011 BTC
Total Output 0.010 BTC

Why can't they (blockchain.info) see that while SatoshiDice can?

Is it because the transaction is at this point still unconfirmed?


texts: How can I run a light (SPV) node on Linux?

texts:
I tried to sync the blockchain and, though I have ample free disk space (>500 GB on my computer, the chain is ~265) I've been having a hard time. So, how can I use an SPV node to send transactions and/or view the blockchain?

NOTE: don't do this if you don't have to because the blockchain needs nodes to ensure adequate distribution.


texts: How to set the exchange for MultiBit Wallet Currency Ticker?

texts: How can I set which exchange is used to feed the currency ticker in MultiBit, i.e. get rid of Mt. Gox and put MarketCap or some other legitimate exchange in its place?


texts: Why isn't Bitcoin-QT or any other Bitcoin related app on the App Store for Mac?

texts: I assume that someone may have tried to upload a Bitcoin app and it was rejected, but does anyone have information on what specific rules Bitcoin-related applications violate on the App Store?


texts: Block Broadcasting - Unsolicited Block Push

texts:
Can someone, please, direct me to the source code section(s) relevant for an Unsolicited Block Push as described in the Bitcoin Developer Guide?

I've been going through main.cpp and searched for the term MSG_BLOCK, serving as a beagle for finding the correct place in the code. But as I'm reading further, it seems to me as if a freshly mined block is not appended to a inventory message, with MSG_BLOCK, in order to send it as a "package" as response to a request (GetData Response) BUT is sent as a single message of this structure:

To me, up to now, the best canditate for Unsolicited Block Push seems to be main.cpp#L2393 part of main.cpp but I'm confused since I don't know if there is more of possibly relevant code (like main.cpp#L3830) for Unsolicited Block Push in /src/.

So: In a first step, I'm looking for code that is relevant for broadcasting a newly found block. Can someone please help?


texts:
I have just sent bitcoins from one account of mine to another, and after I sent it I checked on blockchain.info to get updated about confirmation.
There, I noticed something peculiar, it said that I made two transactions at the same time, when I made only one. The first transaction was to the correct address and the correct amount.
But the second transaction was not one that I made. The second thing I noticed is the SUM of both transactions, together they form the exact amount I last received to this account a few days ago.
This looks to me like a hack. At this moment these transactions have net yet been confirmed, can I do anything about it?
Can a transaction be created fraudulently and accepted by the miners?
How can a hack like this be accomplished (if it is a hack).


texts: How does bitcore handle transactions in orphan block situation?

texts:
I know orphan blocks can occur naturally when two miners produce blocks at similar times.
in bitcore-node, How does this handled?
for example, when orphan block occur in node, does bitcore change blockHeight in transactions table?


texts: How do I use Multisig transactions to handle escrow needs?

texts:
I want to do a private escrow between me and someone else for a Bitcoin miner, and it will take weeks or months for that miner to arrive.

I think multisig is an easy trust-free way to accommodate this.  What is the correct sequence of actions that I can use to handle this?
Is there a way to also have arbitration in case either party refuses to release the funds?


texts: Cryptocurrency with small block size limit or large block time

texts:
So there are a lot of cryptocurrencies that tries to improve on Bitcoin's  1 Mb block size limit and 10 minute block time (6MB per hour) by using faster block times or larger block size limits. For example litecoin has 1 Mb block size limit and block time is 2.5 minutes (24MB per hour). Dogecoin has 500kb block size limit and block time is 1 minutes (30 MB per hour).

Is there any cryptocurrency that does the opposite and uses either a longer block time or a smaller block size, with the intention of limiting blockchain growth?


texts: How to get multiple connections to the same node

texts:
I'm playing around with connecting my node to another one of my nodes to see how many incoming connections I can handle.
Whenever I add node A from node B with bitcoin-cli addnode 1.1.1.1 add after the first time, I get:

error code: -23
error message:
Error: Node already added

Is there a way around this? Can I edit the source code somehow to allow multiple connections between the same nodes? Presumably I would only have to edit the code for the sending node, not the receiving node, since I think the receiving node has to be able to accept connections from what appear to be the same IP and port because of NATS?
The alternative is to run many instances of bitcoind in pruned mode which would work I guess, but it's not ideal obviously


texts: Running bitcoind on VPS, won't speak to my web server

texts:
I have a VPS with bitcoind set up, synced the blocks and its all running fine. I have set up the bitcoin.conf file and allowed the IP of my web host server.

I am running a script on my web host that communicates to the wallet but it just won't connect!

Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Exception' with message 'Unable to connect to http://INVENT_A_UNIQUE_USERNAME:INVENT_A_UNIQUE_PASSWORD@VPSIP:8333/' in /home/1234/public_html/gm/install/driver_test.php:61 Stack trace: #0 /home/1234/public_html/gm/install/index.php(16): jsonRPCClient->__call('getbalance', Array) #1 /home/1234/public_html/gm/install/index.php(16): jsonRPCClient->getbalance() #2 {main} thrown in /home/1234/public_html/gm/install/driver_test.php on line 61

Any suggestions? I have run out of ideas.


texts: Where can I look up the best ASICS under certain conditions

texts:
I have found a lot of helpful websites showing the best hardware for mining in general. However, is there a list of any kind where I can choose the criteria?

For example: I want an ASIC that has a high hash rate, does not cost over 200 dollars, but I do not really care about power consumption. Or the other way round, I want an ASIC that has a good hash rate, a moderate power consumption but I do not care about the costs.

I could not find any website that provides such services


texts: Unable to create raw transaction with json-rpc command

texts:
I am trying create a coinbase transaction with the command:

{"jsonrpc": "1.0", "id":"jsonrpc", "method":"createrawtransaction", "params":[{"txid":"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000","vout":0xFFFFFFFF}] {1Ka3q3DVTBNBo2c4kVGMNzbd32RARV1FbA:25.00} }

but I am getting the following response:

{"result":null,"error":{"code":-32700,"message":"Parse error"},"id":null}

the same happens when I try with:

{"jsonrpc": "1.0", "id":"jsonrpc", "method":"createrawtransaction", "params":[{"txid":0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,"vout":0xFFFFFFFF}] {1Ka3q3DVTBNBo2c4kVGMNzbd32RARV1FbA:25.00} }

when I use the Debug window (in the bitcoin-qt application), I get Error: Error parsing JSON:[{txid:0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 and Method not found (code -32601) respectively.

Someone can tell what's wrong here?


texts:
Assume I want to trade the BTC-BCH pair. I have only one BTC in my exchange wallet and want to buy one BTC worth of BCH.

What currency will the 0.25% commission come out of?
Will I need to trade 1 BTC - 0.25% so there is enough funds in my account to cover the commission?

The same question goes for selling BCH to receive BTC Where I have only 100 BTC in my exchange wallet and want to convert it all to BTC. Will I need to ensure that I only convert 100 BCH - 0.25%?


texts: Secure way to store BTC over a long time - and its risks?

texts:
What are the most secure way to store a huge amount of BTC over a long time and its (detailed) risks? A other assumption is that the owner does not have a very technical background, thus it will not be possible to verify the code of a wallet generator.

I am looking for a detailed overview of the risks. Even unlikely thinks like a biased random number generator of java script used by: https://www.bitaddress.org/
Or that the site is hacked and wallet generation script is malicious just when I want to use it.
An other example would be, when I use MultiBit and I store the seed in safe-deposit box it might happen that the software is not longer available and it might be difficult to recover the keys from the seed.


texts: What's the impact of net-splits on block generation... over a long period of time?

texts:
Part 1

For this question, assume the overall hashrate of the environment is constant.

If 25% of the network hashpower were to be isolated (Australia had no Internet for example), what is the effect on block generation?

I suspect that blocks in Australia will take 75% longer to confirm, and the the main chain will confirm  75% faster  (Edit: it will take 25% longer for the main chain to confirm, difficulty will adjust downward).

Part 2

If I extrapolate the effects suppose

This outage is long-lasting
A multiple of the 2016th block is reached on the main chain.  Maybe several multiples.
Difficulty is adjusted.

Given that the Bitcoin client is hard coded to prevent a change in difficulty more than 4x the the current difficulty:

What would happen to the isolated Australian chain if it reconnects to the main chain?  (w.r.t. the difficulty adjustment)
Suppose a different percent of the network were to become isolated.  What combination of %isolated, duration, and network hashrate would cause a 4x difficulty to be reached?


texts: Hardened address generation with BIP44 watch-only wallet with xpub

texts:
I am puzzled by the hardened key derivation from a watch-only BIP44 wallet.

Let me first explain what I am trying to do.

I am implementing a 2-of-3 multisig scheme
I am using Bcoin node and wallet
All 3 keys are externally generated
I want to use Bcoin watch-only wallet

ts to create addresses and scripts

This is what I have done so far:

Created 3 xprv keys and xpubs keys using this tool here
I used custome path m/44'/0'/0' to have hardened keys because Bcoin wallet requires BIP44 hardened keys
I created 3 watch-only wallets using the xpub keys.
Then I added each of the keys as shared keys to each other (I only really have to do this for one wallet)

The code is as below:

const HSM_accountKey = "xpub_HSM...."
const IC_accountKey = "xpub_IC..."
const Paper_accountKey = "xpub_Paper..."

const result_wallet_HSM = await walletClient.createWallet('wallet_HSM', options_wallet);
const result_wallet_IC = await walletClient.createWallet('wallet_IC', options_wallet);
const result_wallet_Paper = await walletClient.createWallet('wallet_Paper', options_wallet);

const wallet_IC_account = await wallet_IC.getAccount('default');
const wallet_Paper_account = await wallet_Paper.getAccount('default');
const result_addkey1 = await wallet_HSM.addSharedKey('default', wallet_IC_account.accountKey);
const result_addkey2 = await wallet_HSM.addSharedKey('default', wallet_Paper_account.accountKey);

Now I have created a watch-only 2-of-3 multisig wallet.
What I want to do now is to create addresses. I do not want to derive more child extended keys. I only need one derivation level.
Now I want to create multisig addresses for my users.

// Create addresses from each wallet
const wallet_HSM_address = await wallet_HSM.createAddress('default');
const wallet_IC_address = await wallet_IC.createAddress('default');
const wallet_Paper_address = await wallet_Paper.createAddress('default');

// Keyrings for script generation
const keyring_HSM = KeyRing.fromJSON(wallet_HSM_address);
const keyring_IC = KeyRing.fromJSON(wallet_IC_address);
const keyring_Paper = KeyRing.fromJSON(wallet_Paper_address);

//Get the pubkeys from each wallet
const pubKeys = [keyring_HSM.publicKey, keyring_HSM.publicKey, keyring_Paper.publicKey];

const multiSigScript = Script.fromMultisig(m, n, pubKeys);
const receivingAddress = multiSigScript.getAddress().toBase58(network);

I have a feeling that I am going about this step in a round-about way but you get what I am trying to do.

To re-state, what I want to do now is to create individual receiving addresses for my users and the corresponding P2SH scripts.

Now, this is what I need help understanding.

According to BIP32, you cannot derive hardened public keys with CDKpub. You need the xprv to derive child keys.
However, from what I have done, I can derive child public keys. I have sent tesetnet coins to these addresses (receivingAddress in the code above) and they work. The wallet receives coins.
How then, was the watch-only wallet able to create hardened child public keys? I did not input xprv to the wallet.
Or, is it that I am NOT creating hardened child public keys when I used the path m/44'/0'/0'?
Is the receivingAddress I am creating in the above code not a hardened one? Meaning that if someone is able to find the child private keys of one user and the xpub, they will be able to derive all the chile private keys?

My apologies for the long question. I am a bit confused as to how the wallets are able to create child public keys without having any private key in the wallet.

Thank you.


texts: Sending Bitcoin from my wallet to a different bitcoin address

texts: When I want to send bitcoin from my wallet to another bitcoin address in blockchain.info, I must to have a private key. How I can obtain a private key?


texts: Does Eltoo eliminate the need to watch the blockchain/implement Watchtowers

texts:
Reading Blockstream's introduction article on Eltoo and one paragraph says:

  [..] in eltoo all participants share a common set of transactions, unlike LN-penalty, which requires asymmetry in which participant has access to which transactions, in order to tailor the reaction to the misbehaving party. This change eliminates what we call toxic information in Lightning. Toxic information comes from transactions belonging to outdated states, which if leaked will result in the loss of funds. This happens not only if a party misbehaves, but also if a node forgets about an update (e.g., when being restored from a backup). With eltoo this is no longer possible because only agreed-upon states can be settled (i.e., eltoo is penalty-less).

What this seems to imply to me is that it's not possible to broadcast an old channel state and have it accepted by the network, and this would seem to greatly simplify some design issues we're dealing with today. I strongly feel like I'm misunderstanding something here and would love to get clarification from someone more knowledgeable. Thanks


texts: math to make a full private key have a mini private key equivalent

texts: When creating a private key, how would I ensure that there is a mini private key equivalent, which could be substituted in place of the the full private key? What math would I have to use to create such a private key for bitcoins?


texts: How OP_EQUALVERIFY works in a standard transaction?

texts:
3 weeks ago I began learning about Bitcoins, and now I'm analyzing how it works internally. My problem is that I can't understand what two public key hashes are compare to use de OP_EQUALVERIFY, because I understand that sender's public key is compare with receiver's public key, but they aren't the same hash.

Here is an example:
A script is: the scriptSig of your tx + the scriptPubkey of the tx you spent

In the same example:
The scriptSig of your tx is: Sig + your pubkey
The scriptPubkey of the tx you spent is (according to blockexplorer):

OP_DUP OP_HASH160 fc88853163ab2a9646908a82e8a87b6f185c2047 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG

I hope

ripemd160(sha256('0x0457d7d7af586aaad529b5770bb43295051e7090e2bc884181d608dae2517c7812b25e326753cbe0b767f579bbcb5cffe492d22b93f2ff5501074eb9e8f8547c4a'))
 = fc88853163ab2a9646908a82e8a87b6f185c2047...

I read that but I can't understand that the stack and scripts function.
The stack is empty. On the first step the Sender’s Signature and Public Key are combined. Then these two constants are added in the stack. Then the Public Key is duplicated. After that this duplicated item is hashed. Now the Receiver´s Public Key Hash is added to the stack. The script compares the equality between the two slack items and finally the signature is checked for two slack items.

Is that correct? I think that i'm wrong with something.
If it is posible to someone answer or reply me

Thanks.


texts:
I've been studying consensus algorithms and kind of got stuck.

if you check out Neo's explanations on its consensus algorithm, it says
"Numerous protocols have been developed to solve the Byzantine Generals’ Problem.  Hyperledger, for instance, uses Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance in its Proof of Work algorithm.  Neo, on the other hand, implements Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance to solve the Byzantine Generals’ Problem"

I clearly understood what Byzantine Generals' Problem, but I still don't understand what BFT means and what its relationship btw Bitcoin PoW.

It says "Hyperledger uses Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance in its Proof of Work algorithm". Bitcoin also adopted PoW Algo, but I've never heard that Bitcoin is PBFT!

anyone can make a clear distinction btw BFT, PoW, PBFT?
Thank you in advance. God bless.

source : https://steemit.com/neo/@basiccrypto/neo-s-consensus-protocol-how-delegated-byzantine-fault-tolerance-works


texts: How does Bitcoin makes sure that nobody can duplicate a transaction?

texts:
I understand that when creating a transaction, you send in data, the hash of that data, and a signature that is created using the hash of the data and your private key. However, what is stopping someone, for example the recipient of the original transaction, to simply send in the same exact transaction with the same data and signature. Wouldn't this come up as being valid, and therefore make the system insecure? How does Bitcoin solve this problem?

If the answer is a timestamp, how does Bitcoin deal with different transactions coming in at various times, often out of order?


texts: Which Wallet clients support a universal export .wallet file?

texts:
Is there a universal export format for wallet clients where users can use in multiple programs?

What are the list of clients/apps/programs that support this format?

I want to be able to export my wallets to my other programs for a piece of mind. I'm particularly looking for cross compatibility for Android, Windows, and Mac.


texts: Authorization required error when accessing bitcoin using json RPC

texts:
I'm trying to make a simple request to bitcoind using perl I followed the example from the API reference, but it fails saying "401 Authorization Required"

#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use JSON::RPC::Client;
use Data::Dumper;

my $client = new JSON::RPC::Client;

$client->ua->credentials(
    'localhost:8332', 'jsonrpc', 'bitcoinrpc' => 'mybitcoinrpcpassword'  # REPLACE WITH YOUR bitcoin.conf rpcuser/rpcpassword
    );

my $uri = 'http://localhost:8332/';
my $obj = {
    method  => 'getinfo',
    params  => [],
};

my $res = $client->call( $uri, $obj );

if ($res){
    if ($res->is_error) { print "Error : ", $res->error_message; }
    else { print Dumper($res->result); }
} else {
    print $client->status_line;
}

Am I missing something obvious? Thanks for any help!


texts: How come some addresses show up in search results while others don't?

texts: Some Bitcoin wallet addresses can be found by google, but some others shows no result. For example, this wallet is visible on many Bitcoin websites and google has a lot of results 1ENFY4h7ntGZbqwcwpQtXVFJrPnfXRHQLe and we can see its transactions. But this other address 126kUxBmdLTk4M7w1uaQ2pjAhm9KbZ6dxp (a ransom-ware wallet!) has no result. How it is possible? How can people do this?


texts: Failed to start bitcoin daemon using Ubuntu 20.04

texts:
Hey I keep getting this error everytime I run sudo systemctl enable --now bitcoind
Job for bitcoind.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status bitcoind.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
When I input sudo journalctl -xe --unit bitcoind I get this.
bitcoind.service - Bitcoin daemon
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/bitcoind.service; enabled; vendor pres>
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Wed 2020-12-30 15:12:05 UTC; 23s >
Process: 2411 ExecStartPre=/bin/chgrp admin /etc/bitcoin (code=exited, stat>
Here is how my bitcoind.service looks. I changed the user and group from bitcoin to admin.
[Unit]
Description=Bitcoin daemon
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/bitcoind -daemon
-pid=/run/bitcoind/bitcoind.pid
-conf=/etc/bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
-datadir=/var/lib/bitcoind
Make sure the config directory is readable by the service user
PermissionsStartOnly=true
ExecStartPre=/bin/chgrp admin /etc/bitcoin
Process management
####################
Type=forking
PIDFile=/run/bitcoind/bitcoind.pid
Restart=on-failure
TimeoutStopSec=600
Run as admin:admin
User=admin
Group=admin
/run/bitcoind
RuntimeDirectory=bitcoind
RuntimeDirectoryMode=0710
/etc/bitcoin
ConfigurationDirectory=bitcoin
ConfigurationDirectoryMode=0710
/var/lib/bitcoind
StateDirectory=bitcoind
StateDirectoryMode=0710
Hardening measures
####################
Provide a private /tmp and /var/tmp.
PrivateTmp=true
Deny access to /home, /root and /run/user
ProtectHome=true
Mount /usr, /boot/ and /etc read-only for the process.
ProtectSystem=full
Disallow the process and all of its children to gain
new privileges through execve().
NoNewPrivileges=true
Use a new /dev namespace only populated with API pseudo devices
such as /dev/null, /dev/zero and /dev/random.
PrivateDevices=true
Deny the creation of writable and executable memory mappings.
MemoryDenyWriteExecute=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Here are the steps I made before:
~$ cd src
~/src$ git clone --depth 1 --branch v0.20.1 https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.git
~/src$ cd bitcoin
~/src/bitcoin$ ./contrib/install_db4.sh pwd
~/src/bitcoin$ ./autogen.sh
~/src/bitcoin$ export BDB_PREFIX='/home/ubuntu/src/bitcoin/db4'
~/src/bitcoin$ ./configure BDB_LIBS="-L${BDB_PREFIX}/lib -ldb_cxx-4.8" BDB_CFLAGS="-I${BDB_PREFIX}/include"
~/src/bitcoin$ make
~/src/bitcoin$ sudo make install
~/src/bitcoin$ bitcoind -version
vi bitcoin.conf
server=1
rpcbind=127.0.0.1
whitelist=127.0.0.1
rpcallowip=127.0.0.1/32
zmqpubrawblock=tcp://127.0.0.1:28332
zmqpubrawtx=tcp://127.0.0.1:28333
~$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/bitcoin
~$ sudo cp bitcoin.conf /etc/bitcoin
~$ sudo chmod 644 /etc/bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
Utimately I got
ubuntu systemd[1]: Failed to start Bitcoin daemon.


texts:
I'm a developer. I've read a lot about Bitcoin structure and how it works. But yet something confuse me.
I would like to share them with you and read your answers:

When a miner solves a block, how other nodes reward it? If they have the source code to generate Bitcoin, why don't they generate it for themeselves?

I know 6 confirmations are enough for a transaction to be valid. What If I run 6 full nodes by myself and hard code their addresses in a wallet to create a fake transaction?

3 . When 51 percent agreement is made? On every transaction? Or each block solved?

When a new transaction is made, do miners check all previous transactions in blockchain for maker person to check if it's lying or not?

If more than one miners create a new block and broadcast it into network, how other nodes would find out which one was the first?

I'm very curious about Bitcoin technology but I couldn't find a source that satisfies me.


texts: Feasibility of Integrating Proof of Stake systems into everyday devices?

texts:
Back in the days of Bitcoin mining there was talk of turning toasters or other electronic devices into Bitcoin mining machines, but that doesn't seem like a good idea anymore having that it requires lots of power and very low ROI having to run it as a node by itself.

My question is, has there been any discussions or projects that use a Proof-of-Stake coin or system integrated into another internet connected device? I'm not talking about just setting up a raspberry pi and installing a POS node onto it and leaving it to mine.


texts: If the computer calculation rate becomes 100x faster, would the value of bitcoin drop to 1% of the previous value?

texts: This is my main concern, but are there any other design flaws with Bitcoin?


texts: How to get sending address of MultiSig transaction?

texts:
Example hash of transaction: 70c15eb4cc3890960dbe1ae0cf13eedaeaef04d8e4820398fb4e991b23528f03
BlockExplorer shows only 1st address of two. One address is sending address and second is signing address? or two addresses are signing addresses and no sending address? If is second case, how resolve sending address?


texts: I Transfered Bitcoin without synchronizing Bitcoin core

texts:
I am very new to bitcoin wallets and to all and I really need help for anyone who can help me. I just transfered bitcoin from my LocalBitcoin site to JUST downloaded Bitcoin Core wallet. I didnt know about synchronizing until I sent bitcoins to there.  I went to receive address and got an address. The problem I have is I have a LENOVO PAD which does NOT have the memory to download the whole BLOCKCHAIN.  I stays currently 3years 2 weeks behind.  And it seems it will not be able to download.  How do I get back my coins to LocalBitcoins and PLEASE ANY HELP WILL BE GOOOD.

thank you in advance


texts: How many MB of data does my bitcoin client have to download to be fully sync'd?

texts:
Best guess/calculation?

I transferred some bitcoins to my new wallet after generating an address. This was this morning, and have had my bitcoin wallet syncing all afternoon (5 hours), so far it has downloaded 1.5GB of data and maxed out my 3G broadband quota for the month :-(

It is also really slow towards the end, sitting at 80% now and ticking over verrrry slow. Is this because the latest blocks contain more transactions (as doesn't every block contain history of all transactions before it?).

Will that mean future new bitcoin users are going to have to deal with a huge download size/ sync quota?


texts: Are there any poker websites that accept bitcoins?

texts: I would think that bitcoins would be a great fit for websites that allow for gambling, and with Texas Hold 'em being such a big card game it seems that a Hold 'em site might allow players to use bitcoins to fund their accounts. Does anyone know of a reputable poker site that accepts bitcoins?


texts: Can I do multisig between coldcard and electrum

texts: Can I do a 2-of-2 scheme using one coldcard and one software generated wallet in electrum or even another wallet?


texts: Who decides who verifies Alice's transaction?

texts: Let's say the transaction got picked up into a block by miner A and into a block by miner B. Both are working on those separate blocks, and each block contains information about Alice's transaction and it is just a matter of luck which miner solves it? Or are transactions picked up as "one bunch" by every miner out there working on the next block, so that Alice's transaction is in "every" block that is currently mined?


texts: P2PKH why the hash and not the address itself

texts:
In a pay-to-public-key-hash script, what is the reason of storing the hash of the address and not the address itself, since anybody can copy the hash from a previous tx resolved by the same hash (i.e. Security is not one of the reasons)?

Is it maybe just to encumber the identity of the payer if he wants to show the hash of his address rather than his address?


texts: how do i change my bitcoin cleint application?

texts: I recently downloaded the bitcoin (--testnet) blockchain data using Bitcore(I thought it was the Orginal client) for some development purpose. but now, I like to move to bitcoin core client. Should I require to download the entire Blockchain data again?


texts: how to install Bitcoin and bitcoin cash on the same ubuntu server?

texts:
I've installed bitcoin core as the documentation in bitcoin.org and its working great. then, I tried to install bitcoin-ABC manually as following:

wget bitcoin-cash-gnu.tar.gz
tar xzf bitcoin-cash-gnu.tar.gz
cd bitcoin-cash-gnu/bin
ls

  bitcoin-cli  bitcoin-qt  bitcoin-tx  bitcoind  test_bitcoin

I have renamed bin directory files so it doesn't conflict with bitcoin-legacy.

  bitcoinCash-cli  bitcoinCash-qt  bitcoinCash-tx  bitcoinCashd  test_bitcoinCash

then i've installed it on /etc/usr/bin

  sudo install -m 0755 -o root -g root -t /usr/local/bin bitcoin-cash-gnu/bin/bin/*

Then I tried to run bitcoinCashd and

  Command not found


texts:
What is the probability distribution of solving a block, given the same difficulty.

So if I try to mine multiple times using the same difficulty, is it normal distribution with mean of 10 minutes? What is the variance? Or is it some other distribution? Or maybe even deterministic chaos?


texts:
status:
lnd on raspberry pi / daily changing ip-address / btcpayserver on vps

problem:
i want to connect my lnd-node to my btcpayserver.
i have to put my url with https in the required field, so i choose a https-domain of mine linked it to a dyndns-server and this one links to my node
i pasted the macaroons as required but the node or the server did connect.
can anybody help?


texts: What security weaknesses result from using off chain solutions?

texts: What type of security weaknesses are potentially created by using off chain solutions (such as the lightning network) for a portion of Bitcoin network traffic?


texts: I downloaded the new version of Electrum (4.0.2) and when I sent coin to my other wallet, I forgot to choose/add mining fees. Now the transaction is in Pending and has been for the last six hours. The coin is still showing in my Electrum wallet but I am not sure how -  or if - I should reverse it alt all and resend it with fees. What happens if I delete the pending transactions and try again? There are no confirmations showing for the transaction on blockchain.info but Electrum Transaction information says it has 10 confirmations.


texts: I downloaded an Armory .msi and the checksum failed. What should I do? (Windows)

texts:
I downloaded Armory from here and the checksum file from here using the links from the main installation page. I downloaded the Win64 .msi installer.

From there, I used a Cygwin prompt and fciv to verify the download. I didn't feel like downloading keys, etc., so I just looked at the checksum in the .txt.asc file, and compared the first few characters to the fciv output. As you can see, there's a mismatch.

Alex Jordan@ajordan /cygdrive/c/Users/SAAS Student/Downloads
$ cat armory_0.88.1-beta_sha256.txt.asc
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

3d7f620c028940540dc48d41a9cf6127f7f42b920664de4a957fc407b3f59abf  armory_0.88.1-beta_amd64.deb
670b74ade48b041bd376512f5e2db78075d794495ef347bf0b792156c9a90048  armory_0.88.1-beta_i386.deb
087fc8a49de3f32fb140151d9c277f9810919f751bf754f0823da084cb67810f  armory_0.88.1-beta_OfflineBundle_Ubuntu-10.04-32bit.tar.gz
3a86a57208c015adce086e9c300beb56592979b908ec2731bd2f267efa7aaf28  armory_0.88.1-beta_OfflineBundle_Ubuntu-10.04-64bit.tar.gz
a730df751c753bdd2664d1e0b32a3ff138494900040c742b0ebfced3b516fad6  armory_0.88.1-beta_OSX.dmg
4d14b43ed75194a753dc202d70f9650a92d7b8756c917fe82a7f46ecd3466aa1  armory_0.88.1-beta_win32.msi
26735a99948ac1402242e83f0c18aed4477b132654d1a94d7968caa0e72790df  armory_0.88.1-beta_win64.msi

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.10 (GNU/Linux)

iQIcBAEBAgAGBQJRc0xHAAoJEEqxauqYgyIjreAP/ifZcfni32nhwc5JUkK9MwI+
LxvrRObp0AQzdUNYMd5NJ8PivuGGITpSRDi7BgXJH8f49p+jepAPmUb8FgAdWtPo
odaVoAyKZBDCqCCkSPbLDvMVc/vqIkUCjH2XyplvCYDrTsC8WK7oJi+9IS7upX8J
yP3tB8Rf530zadgXMidKOvPHBRTO8TKPj4OH3cE8ngM+Ld5QBLXQqHhj1dbs2BVg
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Alex Jordan@ajordan /cygdrive/c/Users/SAAS Student/Downloads
$ fciv -sha1 armory_0.88.1-beta_win64.msi
//
// File Checksum Integrity Verifier version 2.05.
//
d86ccbf4d709c04ba6250a94782ea620ab0c26fd armory_0.88.1-beta_win64.msi

Alex Jordan@ajordan /cygdrive/c/Users/SAAS Student/Downloads
$

How should I proceed? Is it safe to install anyway, probably because I'm doing something wrong?


texts: mining Cryptonote currency on scrypt and sha-256 miner

texts: I have a python miner which is only capable of scrypt and sha-256 mining. Is it possible to mine cryptonote monero on it? Pool link(i use minergate): stratum+tcp://xmr.pool.minergate.com:45560


texts: Could not connect to Bitcoin RPC server outside local host using bitcoind-0.18.0

texts:
I upgrade bitcoin core from 0.16.3 to 0.18.0, But I can not connect to RPC server outside local host.

I use the following parameters as bitcoin.conf:

testnet=1
server=1
daemon=1
rpcallowip=0.0.0.0/0
rpcuser=xxxxxx
rpcpassword=xxxxxxx
[test]
rpcport=8383
wallet=test_btc_wallet.dat


texts: Is there any link between Bitcoin's PoW and BFT?

texts: As per Bitcoin's documentation, the consensus mechanism in Bitcoin Blockchain is based on PoW.  Thus, any miner node successfully computing the hash as per difficulty is eligible to mine a block and also validate all transactions included in the block. Now, once the block is mined, all full nodes check the validity of the computed nonce and also validate the transactions based on the complete history of transaction input and output. My question is that is there any relation between PoW and typical Byzantine Fault Tolerance used as a state replication protocol?


texts:
Is it likely that side-chain support will be added to Bitcoin? As I understand it, side-chain support will require a hard fork to Bitcoin to support this functionality:

"moving" BTC to external blockchain-based currencies,
for each of these currencies, keeping a counter of how much BTC has been moved to that currency, and
allowing BTC to be moved back into the Bitcoin blockchain (which decrements the counter).

Part #1 is (and has been) supported without a hard fork, using addresses like 1BitcoinEaterAddressDontSendf59kuE , but part #3 is critical for side-chain support and requires a hard fork.

I understand that it will be extremely difficult to have a hard fork on such a large cryptocurrency. What is the likelihood that it can be done?


texts: How does Bitcoin use its communication protocol and its database model?

texts:
In terms of Bitcoin's communication protocol, how does Bitcoin allow nodes to communicate between each other?

Is Bitcoin's communication protocol the same as IPFS(InterPlanetary File System) and if not, is it a great idea to use IPFS for blockchain communication? Since IPFS can transfer large amount of data, then why not sending Blockchain data through it?

Second, I found out on Stack Exchange that Bitcoin uses LevelDB to store data. Does that mean that there is a central server / authority where LevelDB is running the entire chain? If yes, how does that make Bitcoin decentralized? If not, then is LevelDB run on every node?


texts: What happens to a miner's work when they restart?

texts:
I am studying the bitcoin internals and especially the proof-of-work. The proof-of-work is based on the mathematical problem that we have to compute from an input that produces a hash with a certain leading substring, I think the substring should start with a certain amount of zeroes.

We hash the current input with SHA-256 so we need to compute 2^256. Now my question is, we hash the previous block chain's hash with transactions and the nonce? Is it anything else including in the hash? Furthermore, if the first try is not successful the nonce is changed as a result to compute a new hash?

A few more questions:
a) If we start adding transactions to a block and another block is created before our block, what happens to our work? We start mining from the beginning or we continue mining with our remaining transactions?
b) Moreover, can we include blocks with 0 transactions to the block chain?


texts: How Do Attackers Forge Bitcoin Blocks And How Do You Identify Forge Bitcoin Blocks?

texts:
I have read that a block contains several bitcoin transactions and an attacker can forge fake blocks.

Does these forged fake bitcoin blocks cost the attackers money for mining or was it just generated for free from the attacker node?

The blockchain is safe from attacks because the blockchain was programmed by Satoshi to validate and keep the longest chain.

So the forge block will disappear from the blockchain network. This is wonderful but what happens if an attacker forge bitcoin blocks?

I even read that some of these forge blocks can have 2 to 3 confirmations. Is this true?

So how do you identify these forge bitcoin blocks immediately?


texts:
I have a list of unspent outputs.
Let's say: 0.4 BTC, 0.6 BTC and 1.0 BTC.
Now I want to create a new transaction for a 0.5 BTC. How I understand it, it would be best to take the 0.6 BTC output as input, and add 0.1 output as change.
The simpler way would be to just start at the beginning and add up inputs until I reached the desired amount. But that seems stupid...

How is this being done by the usual bitcoin clients?
What's the best way of finding the most optimal unspent outputs?


texts: Does bitcoin mining power add up and how does this affect the difficulty?

texts:
I read that if my hashpower remains constant, and total network hashpower increases, after 2016 blocks difficulty will increase. Now as far as I have understood, difficulty increases if blocks are mined before 10 min and I find no co-relation of this statement with previous one.

Say current total hashpower is 100,000 MH/s. If 2 people have joined network with hashpower of 50 MH/s. Total haspower is 100,100 MH/s. There are large pools having 5,000 MH/s or even more on current difficulty, mining at block/10 min, chances are very low that that these new miner with much low hashpower can calculate block @ <10 min.

This thing make sense if all machines in mining pools (say 50 MH/s), work on different blocks, then new miners can get block possibly in less than 10 min. But if hashing power is added i.e. 5,000 MH/s is used for finding block, then such minor additions should have no effect on difficulty.

So what exactly is going on here ??


texts: Are blocks validated just before they are stored to memory,  upon receipt from an RPC submit call, or at some other time? Can you point to the place in code where this validation process begins? Is this process starting point the same for transactions?


texts: state of 'atomic cross-chain trading' in 2016

texts:
Much of the information I've come across is a bit dated, 2 years or so.

For instance, this other question, this thread on the forum.

It seems like Interledger is trying to implement, more or less, the described protocol of ATXC, is that right?

Other than that are there any actionable implementations around?


texts: Is it acceptable / encouraged to ask for ID and keep a photocopy for OTC Bitcoin transactions?

texts:
Suppose a business wants to get into the OTC Bitcoin business. It will need to comply with AML laws. It is acceptable / encouraged for such a business to ask for photo ID and keep a photocopy?

Does this same principle apply to individual users?


texts: Can I recreate the xpub key if I have multiple public addresses with their corresponding private keys?

texts:
Is it possible to recreate the xpub key if I have multiple public addresses with their corresponding private keys? All the keys were created from the same HD wallet.

I was hodling and watching my wallets using the addressbalance query from blockchain.info, but since moving my funds, I'd like to watch it from the xpub address but no longer have access to the app that created the private keys...


texts: In a closed, working test network, how would I generate a signed block that a Bitcoin miner would otherwise create?

texts:
I have a POC where the essential, critical, priority goal is to use C# and the .NET Core Framework (Bouncy Castle for crypto, or Microsoft primitives for BigInteger ) where I do the following

Accept a number of transactions that include zero or some fee attached to the transactions (P2P pending Tx queue)

Calculate the relevant block reward and send it to an address as defined in the block specification format

Calculate the block's Proof of Work value as specified in the Target or other similar value (difficulty)

Finally submit the following, as calculated by NBitcoin, into the REST API in the full Bitcoin RPC client (isolated test network)

Any assistance in linking NBitcoin to a "software-CPU miner" just as if Bitcoin was invented originally in 2009 would be greatly useful for the prosocial endeavors I'm currently engaged for.


texts: Understanding cryptocurrency exchange working

texts: Exchanges are 2 types : centralised and decentralised. Now, if any new user is coming to the centralised platform then they need to deposit BTC (taking BTC as an example). For depositing, each time exchanges create a public key(give this to user to deposit) and private key(hold by exchange). Now, let user have 10 BTC in his wallet (Which he can check in bitcoin explorer). In a day, he traded his 2 BTC against ETH. This 2 BTC he traded with 10 people. So, now his actual balance at his public key would be 8 BTC. And all transaction which he did with 10 people will also get reflected at bitcoin explorer. Trading also works instantaneously. it means as soon as someone sell or bought BTC, his balances get chcngaed accordingly BUT bitcoin actual transaction take 10 minutes for getting first confirmation. So, how the actual system is working behind the scene?