texts: Running LND on testnet and mainnet at the same time on the same pc

texts:
I have two instances of bitcoind running, one on mainnet, one on testnet, without any problems.

I can't seem to find any decent documentation on running two instances of LND at the same time on the same computer. Currently I switch between the two.

Is it possible? Are there caveats? Any pointers would be appreciated.


texts: Would it be possible for miners to discriminate Lightning Network transactions?

texts: What do transactions creating LN payment channels and resolving them look like? Are Lightning Network transactions distinguishable from other multisignature transactions? Would it be possible for miners to discriminate against LN transactions?


texts: Is there network split risk for Taproot activation with two releases (Bitcoin Core and Bitcoin Taproot)?

texts:
In this article from Aaron van Wirdum he states there is a risk of a network split with two releases (Bitcoin Core and Bitcoin Taproot) not following exactly the same activation mechanism(s)? Is this true?
This question was asked by Andrew Asmakov and has been paraphrased.


texts: Script To Limit Transactions To Specific Wallets

texts:
I am trying to write a script that will allow the receiver of my coins to only spend them on two wallets I specify. After that check has been done I want to perform the usual verification that the current client does to verify a transaction. This is where I am at, but I am not sure if things are in the right order, if OP_EQUAL pushes to the stack, and if OP_BOOLOR reads from it.

scriptPubKey: OP_EQUAL Wallet1_Value [Wallet]
              OP_EQUAL Wallet2_Value [Wallet]
              OP_BOOLOR
              OP_VERIFY OP_DUP OP_HASH160 [pubKeyHash] OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG

scriptSig: [Wallet] [Wallet] [sig] [pubKey]


texts: I need help desperately!   I am trying to get to BTC that is locked in a greenaddress wallet.  I can log into the view only. When I put in the mneumonic & password, the system runs through decryption to 100 percent and then it bombs out and says login failed.  I've contacted or tried to contact support for help and they say things like that it's not mapped properly or  the fact that I can get in to see it but just not touch the actual account only proves that one exists!  I have the NLock Times zip file.  Can you please help me?  I don't know at all what to do to try to recover these funds. I have a PC running Windows 10 and don't know anything about code, programming languages or any Unix based systems or how to use or run anything like that.  I can pay someone if they can help retrieve these BTC's from the greenaddress wallet to sweep to just about anywhere else on God's green Earth.  Please please can someone help me?  Thank you so much.


texts: Which wallets have support for BIP 70 - 72 for merchant message transactions?

texts:
Which wallets support merchant message transactions such as bip 70 - 72? I want to build static html page where a user can just send their btc to my address with a message attached to it. The message would just be their email address so I can send them an order confirmation.

From my understanding the URI: "bitcoin:1zsfkje2034908234" would just have the r parameter and you would just specify a url for the wallet to goto. This url would just be something like this I'd assume: http://www.example.com?phone=83282829323

Let me know if this is even possible or if this is even correct?


texts: Is there a way to parse raw transactions offline?

texts:
I have found a few ways to create signed transactions offline, one is at http://brainwallet.org, and another is at https://www.strongcoin.com/blog/the_easiest_way_to_create_secure_offline_bitcoin_transactions

after i have created a transaction, is there a way check and see what data is included in it before submitting it to the network? i ask because when a transaction is created, all i see is a long hex string, and (tinfoil hat time) for all i know this could just be an encoded version of my private key that someone could be trying to steal. is there a service that allows you to decrypt/parse that raw string?


texts:
I got a stuck transaction and would like to clear this. I found many information about RBF (Replace-by-Fee) how it works etc. So i think this might be the best option to get my transaction going.

Unfortunately i couldnt find any information about how to apply this command to the existing unconfirmed and zero-fee transaction. Please advise.

THank you so much


texts:
How are fees determined in the Lightning Network?

For transactions that occur on chain, fees are determined by the availability or demand for space in node's mempools. How are they determined in the Lightning Network?

If there aren't fees in the Lightning Network, what is the economic incentive to operate a node?


texts: Can i transfer/deposit bitcoin from another exchange into my bit coin account for trading purposes?

texts: Can I deposit bitcoin from another exchange to be used for trading?


texts:
As I understand, we can generate a TXID by hashing transaction data through SHA256 twice, and as you know probably, A bitcoin transaction is just a bunch of data that describes the movement of bitcoins.

after that, to search a TXID in the blockchain, we should search for it in reverse byte order.

I tried this instruction to generate a TXID for some sample tx messages, but i didn't find it in blockchain explorers.


texts: What is the incentive to use bitcoin due to transaction fees?

texts:
Apologies for any naivety in the question, as my understanding of the subject is still basic.

My understanding is that once all the coins have been mined, the incentive for miners comes solely from client transaction fees. When that happens, why would someone choose to use bitcoin and pay a transaction fee over fiat currency without a fee?

Does this mean bitcoin is fundamentally infeasible as a general use form of currency? If so, what are the specific use cases that make it more appealing, even with the necessity of transaction fees? If not, what would compel general use adoption?


texts: Is money that has gone into bitcoin already spent? When I buy a bitcoin from someone and they get USD I get bitcoin. They go buy lambos or real estate for their gains. So the underlying currency is spent, but BTC market cap is increased. This would mean that cryptos don't actually have any real money in them and they could collapse without bottom basically. Is this logic correct or is real really currency as value behind crypto?


texts: Is it true to say 51% of nodes should validate a transaction?

texts: I've read some articles about the bitcoin network, some of them say it is necessary for a transaction, before adding to blockchain, to be validated by more than half of all nodes in bitcoin network. Is my understanding true? If yes, is it true to say that after exactly 51% of nodes have validated the transaction, it will be added to blockchain?


texts: Is it possible to detect mining of bitcoins on an enterprise network?

texts:
Is it possible to detect bitcoins mined where it may be against an organization's computer usage policy? E.g., Bitcoins mined secretly on corporate or university computers when the policies of the organization do not allow such use of its computational hardware.

And are there any ethical guidelines developed to discourage such use?


texts: Bitcoin Speed: 7 Transactions Per Second?

texts:
I read somewhere that Bitcoin can only handle 7 transactions per second. This works out to 604,800 transactions per day. Visa currently processes about 1,700 transactions per second (and can handle vastly higher amounts than this). This means that the Bitcoin system can handle less than 1/200 of Visa's current processing output.

Is this correct? I find it hard to believe that so many people would buy into a system that's so inefficient / unscalable.

Also, if my assumption is correct, suppose there are (on avg) 700 transactions per second during a given 10 min period (i.e, 70 times the max output rate) does this mean we will need to wait 70 * 10 min for all those transactions to be confirmed? If yes, why can't some evil actor overwhelm (i.e, postpone) the system by submitting thousands of tiny transactions to the network?

Thanks in advance


texts: Can someone confirm that my GPUs are working correctly?

texts:
I'm specifically litecoin/scrypt mining at Multipool.us, but the web interface there is only showing about 20khash, when I obviously should be getting much more. I am using a HD 5870 (GPU 0) and HD 7850 (GPU 1) on Linux, specifically Ubuntu Server 13.10. Are my GPUs working correctly, and if not, what should I change? Thanks.

 cgminer version 3.7.2 - Started: [2014-02-04 17:14:29]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 (5s):606.0K (avg):589.6Kh/s | A:1792  R:0  HW:37264  WU:16.3/m
 ST: 5  SS: 0  NB: 84  LW: 1051  GF: 23  RF: 0
 Connected to eu2.multipool.us diff 256 with stratum as user XXX
 Block: 7880a600...  Diff:1.1K  Started: [18:26:10]  Best share: 8.16K
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 [P]ool management [G]PU management [S]ettings [D]isplay options [Q]uit
 GPU 0:  76.0C 2843RPM | 303.1K/295.0Kh/s | A: 768 R:0 HW:18955 WU: 4.0/m I:16
 GPU 1:  76.0C 1688RPM | 303.1K/295.0Kh/s | A:1024 R:0 HW:18334 WU:12.3/m I:16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 [2014-02-04 18:13:02] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:13:27] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:14:27] Stratum connection to pool 0 interrupted
 [2014-02-04 18:14:28] Pool 0 difficulty changed to 512
 [2014-02-04 18:14:28] Pool 0 difficulty changed to 256
 [2014-02-04 18:14:43] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:15:35] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:15:48] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:16:13] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:16:39] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:16:50] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:17:10] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:17:49] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:18:45] Accepted 080863ba Diff 8.16K/256 GPU 1
 [2014-02-04 18:19:49] Stratum connection to pool 0 interrupted
 [2014-02-04 18:19:50] Pool 0 difficulty changed to 512
 [2014-02-04 18:19:50] Pool 0 difficulty changed to 256
 [2014-02-04 18:20:24] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:21:08] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:22:09] Stratum connection to pool 0 interrupted
 [2014-02-04 18:22:09] Pool 0 difficulty changed to 512
 [2014-02-04 18:22:09] Pool 0 difficulty changed to 256
 [2014-02-04 18:22:19] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:23:02] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:23:12] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:23:25] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:23:55] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:24:18] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:24:30] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:25:32] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:25:41] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:25:55] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block
 [2014-02-04 18:26:10] Stratum from pool 0 detected new block


texts:
I have recently started a project to build an exchange plateform. I am unable to find an API that provides me an ability to implement a feature to buy and sell bitcoins.

Can someone please let me know

if an api is available to provide this feature.
also if i were to test it, how would i go towards testing that feature.

I have seen some api where there are end points available but it is very risky if end points are changed.

I will really appreciate your help.

Thanks,


texts: How do I get old blocks while running a pruned node?

texts: Hello I'm trying to build a NodeJS app that fetches Bitcoin blocks, potentially old ones, and I'm running into issues. I've downloaded Bitcoin Core but I don't have enough space to run a full node and so I opted to run a pruned one. However, when I go to query an old block it tells me that the block isn't available in pruned mode. So my question is, why doesn't Bitcoin Core query the block on the fly from another node if it doesn't find it on disk? It clearly has the ability to do this, else how would it sync the blocks in the first place? If this is not possible with Bitcoin Core, could I build my own JS app that mimics the network calls used in the IBD to get blocks on demand, instead of saving them to disk? Also, I can't use a 3rd party block explorer API because they don't have all the features I want and they are less reliable.


texts: Interpreting results from "bitcoin-cli getmempoolinfo"

texts:
A bit of a conundrum interpreting the results from "bitcoin-cli getmempoolinfo".

Straight from https://chainquery.com/bitcoin-api/getmempoolinfo:

getmempoolinfo
Returns details on the active state of the TX memory pool.
Result:
{
  "size": xxxxx,               (numeric) Current tx count
  "bytes": xxxxx,              (numeric) Sum of all tx sizes
  "usage": xxxxx,              (numeric) Total memory usage for the mempool
  "maxmempool": xxxxx,         (numeric) Maximum memory usage for the mempool
  "mempoolminfee": xxxxx       (numeric) Minimum fee for tx to be accepted
}*

Cool! So "size" returns the number of transactions in the memory pool! But the numbers don't add up. Straight from the same page:

"result": {
    "size": 9178,
    "bytes": 100859918,
    "usage": 216557216,
    "maxmempool": 300000000,
    "mempoolminfee": 0.00001070
},
"error": null,
"id": null*

Doing the math, "bytes" divided by "size" equals 10,989 bytes/transaction. I would expect sometime on the order of ~400 bytes/transaction. Hence my conundrum.


texts: Why do Merkle trees have a structure such that everything is in pairs?

texts: From the leaves all the way to the root, it is always a pair that is hashed together as it goes up the tree. Why is it a pair, and not three or more?


texts: I don't have a great understanding of how bitcoin mining works, but how useful would a JavaScript miner be for collecting revenue from visitors? Stupid question, but if I put the user in as part of a mining pool, must their computer actually find a hash in order for me to make revenue? Is this at all practical?


texts: Does a new block necessarily include all transactions that occurred before its generation? What about network latency?

texts:
I read What exactly is Mining? and What are bitcoin miners really solving?, but was left wondering: What happens if a new transaction comes in, whilst mining? To answer that, I found Do transactions affect the discovery of a block?, which, if I understand correctly, says that the mining must "start over" (but the chances of finding the "nonce" on the first attempt are about the same as any subsequent attempts, so there's no "loss of work").

But, what about network latency? It must take a finite amount of time for a new transaction to reach miners—so what happens if a miner solves a block, but then receives a transaction timestamped before the block was solved?


texts: What counts as verification or validation of a transaction?

texts: I understand the general ideas and properties of the block chain, but have not been able to understand how a transaction is created and gets to be verified or validated.


texts: wallet that does not abstract change addresses?

texts:
I wanted a hands on approach to see change adresses myself instead of hiding away all the details.

I also want to see non-deterministic wallets just for education so that I can understand. When we need to make regular backups in non-deterministics wallets might apply actually making a back up of change adresses?

This type of question has not been asked before.


texts: I downloading bitcoin core on my computer. But my computer is full, and downloading is not complete. I made transfer my bitcoin to URI on bitcoin core, which downloading. But nothing came and I didn't seen. Becouse you wrote information "bitcoin can be see only when downloading when will be done" And my question is, where is my bitcoin money, when downloading is failed . regards


texts: 10$ registration bonus on Coinbase : how to get it?

texts:
I found the picture below and I registered on Coinbase with this signup bonus link :

bonus-coinbase.com :

I didn't received the 10$ bonus yet.

When will i get it ?
Is there something I have to do to get it?

Thanks for your answers!


texts: Is there a reference, authoritative resource or book on Bitcoin programming?

texts:
Is there any reference or authoritative resource, or book on Bitcoin programming?
Bitcoin is dubbed "programmable money" but there is no obvious resource for how to do that aside from trudging through subsections of hack-prone forums.
Altcoins many times are simply finding and replacing the word "bitcoin" in the code base and clients, so it seems even in that case their programmers have a thin understanding of various bitcoin programming paradigms.
I'm sure a "book" would be outdated by the time it was published, but regardless it would be helpful to have everything in one place for a potential target audience that doesn't want to reverse engineer commit history just to see whats going on.


texts: If I install the Bitcoin progam on my computer, that simply means that I will be mining Bitcoins over time?

texts:
I installed the Bitcoin progam on my computer, does that simply means that I will be mining Bitcoins over time?

Otherwise what are the ways to mine Bitcoins?


texts: Couple years ago, I accidentally sent Bitcoin Cash to my BTC wallet on Binance. How can I recover it?

texts:
Maybe it's happened in 2017.
I accidentally sent BCH to BTC wallet on Binance.
So, i sent an email to Binance and got a reply that it was technically impossible.
Plz, i wanna hear from people in similar situations.


texts: What GPU-APU configuration should I buy for mining Bitcoins?

texts:
I want to make own computer for mining bitcoins. I read a lot of it but I have some questions. I want to buy APU + Graphic card and I am wondering when I my computer is mining is using for that CPU + GPU(from APU) + normal GPU.

Can you tell me if this configurations is good?

Gigabyte GA-990FXA-D3 s.AM3+
ATI RADEON HD 5870
A8-3870K
DDR3 2GB CL9 1600Mhz

I will be running this on linux.

Every two months I will be adding one more ATI GPU until I get 4 of them. Is that good strategy?


texts: Are there best practices for when you'd create multiple accounts? What are examples of meaningful names for accounts?


texts: "state channel" v.s "micro-payment channel" : are they the same?

texts:
We use "micro-payment channels" such as "Bitcoin Lightning Network" or "Duplex Micro-Payment Channels" for saving transaction fee, accelerating payments, supporting better micro-payment and scaling blockchain.

Is there any difference between "state channel" v.s "micro-payment channel"? and if so, what are differences?


texts: Where to get difficulty data for all crypto coins?

texts: I need to get difficulty data and exchange rate for past 10 days for making a graph out of it (i.e., for all coins). Can anyone suggest where can I get it?


texts: Remove noisy log messages like AcceptBlockHeader

texts:
is there a way to suppress outputting those kind of logs?
2019-11-07T00:32:02Z ERROR: AcceptBlockHeader: prev block not found
2019-11-07T01:02:36Z ERROR: AcceptBlockHeader: Consensus::ContextualCheckBlockHeader: 000000000000014219120d5167a4281437fc379129d4ba6f6e956ca1db77f5fa, bad-diffbits, incorrect proof of work
2019-11-07T01:08:55Z ERROR: AcceptBlockHeader: Consensus::ContextualCheckBlockHeader: 000000004bfb561102f5f04d4bab0cc70a403da70b82ce33657e10ed46b9000f, bad-diffbits, incorrect proof of work
2019-11-07T04:16:24Z ERROR: AcceptBlockHeader: Consensus::ContextualCheckBlockHeader: 000000000000001daed8bac77bdf571441649e51732e91bec984cf97a39005a1, bad-diffbits, incorrect proof of work
2019-11-07T04:22:01Z ERROR: AcceptBlockHeader: Consensus::CheckBlockHeader: 0fd7ab36246daf61802e10a0316cc2b0f17a1d6404bfdd53878ba34e158b4680, high-hash, proof of work failed
2019-11-07T10:12:22Z ERROR: AcceptBlockHeader: Consensus::CheckBlockHeader: 0fd7ab36246daf61802e10a0316cc2b0f17a1d6404bfdd53878ba34e158b4680, high-hash, proof of work failed
2019-11-07T23:10:53Z ERROR: AcceptBlockHeader: prev block not found

They are kind of noisy and I would like to drop them from my log.
I saw that there was an issue opened in 2019 but it doesn't seem to have been pursued:
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/17421


texts: Maysspayout, SendMany, Bulk Payouts with Bitcoin Core

texts:
Do I have to download the whole bitcoin blockchain (145GB) to be able to do a sendMany transaction with Bitcoin Core?

Are there other Desktop Software, where I can do a masspayout?

Maybe an App, where I can read a CSV like this:

address amount,

address amount,

...


texts: Solving Bitcoin core's 'ActivateBestChain failed'

texts:
I'm running bitcoin core version 0.16.2 on the Testnet and realized that it had stopped receving blocks after the 1414433.

I tried running bitcoin core with options -reindex and -reindex-chainstate without success.

I have delete all the data and restarted syncing again, but ended up in the same problem

PS: I am running in pruned mode

What I've encountered in the debug.log is:

2018-09-28 16:43:38 UpdateTip: new best=00000000cb7df9801f21ccb4192844281d7da224d2213514050a8ad9a6d9ec7e height=1414432 version=0x20000000 log2_work=71.629388 tx=47735936 date='2018-09-27 03:27:30' progress=0.999747 cache=81.4MiB(531804txo)
2018-09-28 16:43:38 UpdateTip: new best=00000000210004840364b52bc5e455d888f164e4264a4fec06a514b67e9d5722 height=1414433 version=0x20000000 log2_work=71.629388 tx=47735938 date='2018-09-27 04:03:19' progress=0.999751 cache=81.4MiB(531807txo)
2018-09-28 16:43:38 ERROR: DisconnectTip(): DisconnectBlock 00000000210004840364b52bc5e455d888f164e4264a4fec06a514b67e9d5722 failed
2018-09-28 16:43:38 ERROR: ProcessNewBlock: ActivateBestChain failed
2018-09-28 16:43:39 ERROR: DisconnectTip(): DisconnectBlock 00000000210004840364b52bc5e455d888f164e4264a4fec06a514b67e9d5722 failed
2018-09-28 16:43:39 ERROR: ProcessNewBlock: ActivateBestChain failed`

[...]

2018-09-28 16:56:17 connect() to 78.47.24.41:18333 failed after select(): Connection refused (111)
2018-09-28 16:56:44 connect() to [2001:0:5ef5:79fd:38b6:55d:3788:c387]:18333 failed: Network is unreachable (101)
2018-09-28 17:01:12 ERROR: DisconnectTip(): DisconnectBlock 00000000210004840364b52bc5e455d888f164e4264a4fec06a514b67e9d5722 failed
2018-09-28 17:01:12 ERROR: ProcessNewBlock: ActivateBestChain failed
2018-09-28 17:09:07 connect() to [2003:ea:9bde:5600:1180:6df2:ba35:efd]:18333 failed: Network is unreachable (101)
2018-09-28 17:13:23 connect() to 45.55.161.7:18333 failed after select(): Connection refused (111)
2018-09-28 17:14:19 Potential stale tip detected, will try using extra outbound peer (last tip update: 1841 seconds ago)
2018-09-28 17:14:24 New outbound peer connected: version: 70013, blocks=1414565, peer=24

It seems to me that maybe block 1414433 is orphaned. How can I overcome this problem?


texts:
Are all trades stored in block chain?

Are all trades, like mtgox exchange, gambling, etc. stored in block chain? Or, few trades could have been skipped / ignored?

Consider this case, 'a' transfers 10btc to 'b', and then 'b' transfers 10btc to 'c'. Is it possible to store this as single trade, as 'a' transfers 10btc to 'c'?

Is it possible for an exchange to include fake bid/ask orders for it's own benefit?

Is it really possible to differentiate between two transfers, where in one transfer is between single user accounts and another one is between two users?


texts: How do I use the RPC command "decodescript"?

texts:
I used "decodescript" on a transaction inputscript

304402206c4eba989dd5f87b7814f25ec8b9e08f955d30b299d963df8955639aa0a0f9bc02203c4d41b047d4dc616da101911c512e89255e2c3261733f030f9d1329ca2822dd01

I got this script from this website.

and got

"p2sh" : "3BfdeDc4HpcLJCs6PZ5jzdfaVDzFDBXrVu"

which makes no sense to me.


texts: What happens to a p2pool payment with an invalid bitcoin address as the username?

texts: I run a p2pool node (http://blisterpool.com) and someone just connected with an invalid bitcoin address. They have significant hashpower, and have already started generating p2pool shares...but their address is invalid, so what will p2pool do when it comes time to pay out the block?


texts: How do light clients using compact block filters get relevant unconfirmed transactions?

texts:
I was discussing various light client models and we got into unconfirmed transactions. With the BIP37-based bloom filters, a light client would subscribe to updates from full node peers by submitting its filter to the full nodes. A BIP37 filter could be applied to the mempool and a full node could notify the light client of unconfirmed transactions.
As far as I understands, compact block filters (CBF) are only created for confirmed blocks. This implies that a CBF-based light client would only hear about transactions after confirmation unless they had another mechanism to hear about unconfirmed transactions. Keeping up with the mempool would incur a lot of traffic. How would CBF-based light clients learn about relevant unconfirmed transactions without having all the downsides of BIP37-based wallets?


texts: Ripple difference between source and destination tags

texts:
I don't understand the real difference between source and destination tags.

Imagine we have client A and service B, and service B wants to identify the payment (deposit from A). He says: please send funds to address (0x123 and use destination tag "12345") why he should ask A to use destination tag but not source tag?

Why A can't use source tag '12345', can't B still identify A payment from source tag?


texts: What roles has the TIME information play in the bitcoin header?

texts:
What role does the time play in the bitcoin header? Is it ok to set it to 1 sec after the last block and never change it while calculating? Will the block be rejected when the gap is to large?

If 2 people get the correct block ( reach the traget ) who will win? Does the time decide?

Information about the header is taken form here:
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Block_hashing_algorithm


texts:
I was looking for a blockchain exchange but I didn't see so I am posting this in Bitcoin group. Apologize if it's too naïve.
I've started to learn about bitcoin and blockchains. I don't understand how the whole network transactions can be assembled into blocks and then all these blocks validated and broadcast. Is that efficient? It's basically a block that grows in size every second. How this large data is going to be processed, stored and broadcasted efficiently? I am sure I'm missing something as this is obvious.


texts: Did Satoshi object to embedding data in the block chain? Why?

texts:
From this post:

  Our beloved Satoshi is on record that he doesn’t think it appropriate
  to embed data willy-nilly in the block-chain

Is this claim true? If so, why did he object?

I don't think it's "wrong" in any sense to embed data in the blockchain, because you're essentially paying for it. Since the protocol allows it, it is a legitimate service.


texts: Why do crypto exchanges impose withdrawal limits for BTC and other coins

texts:
Many crypto exchanges impose quite low limits on withdrawing balances from their sites. For example Binance has an equivalent limits of 100 BTC for a daily withdrawal.

The question is, why do they need to impose a limit at all? Are the customers coins not in segregated custody, and when sold in a transaction on the exchange, the funds should be there irrespective of the size of the transaction. In short, why would an exchange need to limit withdrawals at all?


texts: What's the advantage of bitpay over coinbase for a merchant solution?

texts: I'm trying to figure out why a merchant would ever choose bitpay over coinbase as an integration solution.  It seems they offer very similar services (accept bitcoin payments, exchange for dollars automatically daily and deposit into your bank account), yet BitPay charges 1% and Coinbase nothing.


texts:
How can someone patch Bitcoin?

I don't understand, if someone wants to change or add code to the Bitcoin repo. I've read there is a few people that have access to publish new code (?). Why are those people trusted? And how would they publish the new code so every node gets the updated version? Does every node download it from some central server? Or does someone push it? In both cases, it doesn't seem decentralized.


texts:
I'm curious to understand how MultiBit stores my password.

The fact is: I can restore the password by using the 12 words. From this answer it seems tha the AES key to encrypt the password is derived from the 12 words (probably viceversa, the 12 words are derived from the key). Thus:

is the password stored twice? or better: (i) is the password store salted (for when i do the login, they probably check against a salt), and (ii) is it also stored encrypted with the key related to the 12 words?
how are these 12 words generated and how is the key generated for the AES?


texts:
I have a paper wallet with a public address and an encrypted private key ( with a passphrase ), but no QR code. So I need a way to generate a QR image, or manually input the key.

Sadly QR generators wont accept my encrypted private key. So I need to decrypt it first.

Is there any way I can decrypt my private key using my passphrase and then covert it into a QR code?

Best.


texts:
I heard about this "special difficulty rule" for testnet, which allows blocks with timestamp 20 min later than the last block to have the min difficulty target.

So does it mean that the miners can simply declare that their block has such timestamp without actually waiting for 20 minutes?


texts:
Ok, so let's say I have a wallet with 1 BTC in it. Is it possible to transfer that balance to a QR code or some type of barcode?

I want to know if it's possible to basically print out a piece of paper with a barcode or QR on it and physically hand it to someone else so they can scan the code and receive the coin the same way a giftcard works.

Furthermore, is there a way to encode a giftcard with a specific amount of bitcoin so someone could then scan it and the BTC would be transferred to their wallet?


texts: How do you create a transaction from a UTXO in BitcoinJ?

texts: Is there a way to construct and send a transaction in BitcoinJ without a wallet? I just want to build my transaction from a utxo and broadcast it.


texts: How can I get a private key for my watch only adress

texts: I'm new on bitcoin I have bitcoins that are stored on watch only address and I dnt have a private key for this address even when I add it to mycelium it says warning this address does not have a private key, but now the problem comes when I try to export a private key there is no option for private key from addresses I select manage and it gives this options.. Archive, transfer and spent no option for private key... Please help


texts: Can the blockchain be imported into wallets of different brands?

texts: Can I import the block chain that bitcoin core downloads to use in any of the other full node PC wallets? Are the formats the same or inter-convertible?


texts: Buy alt coin with bitcoin and both go up 300%, so did I even make any money?

texts:
Seems that my poor and rich bitcoin holding friends don't seem to even know the answer to this  :/

Say I used coinbase and transfer BTC to an exchange like bittrex and exchanged BTC for some alt coin lets call it  XYZ.

If say Bitcoin was at the time (months ago)  $5,000 USD, and then say the value of this alt coin called XYZ was valued at $100 USD  ( via the BTC estimation)

If we ignore fees...

XYZ goes up 300%   from $100 to $300  ,  but at the same time period , BTC also went up 300% and goes from $5000 to $15,000
Exchange XYZ for BTC ,
Send BTC to coinbase  ... send to bank account   ( ignoring fees )

Ignoring fees,  did I just break even????   serious question as it seems like I did, right?

Example say monero went up from $30 to $300 ,  and BTC did a 10x increase ... well then on one hand I was about to say I didn't make any money ,... but now that doesn't make any sense    Ugh   Help


texts: How can I recover a missing BTC from a correct transaction and who is the responsible for it?

texts:
today I withdraw 1 BTC from my account at Gatecoin exchange to be sent to CEX exchange. I got the BTC address from CEX and created the withdraw address for my withdrawal. I proceed with it and it took 30 min approx to be confirmed by Gatecoin and then waited 1,2,3 hours and nothing was arriving in CEX. I got worried and checked the Gatecoin link for blockchain transaction and for my surprise NO Transaction was registered there!!

OMG! went back again and again to both exchanges to see whether the BTC was back, but not at all. My BTC is gone and disappeared. No trace in both accounts Gatecoin and CEX. For the worse, not even the Blockchain has a record of it? Seems vanished. Gatecoin confirmed the withdrawal after 30 min. and once open the transaction link, nothing was found in the Blockchain!

How can this happen? Is Gatecoin responsible or CEX?
Anyone having similar experiences and would like how to resolve them?

The terrible scenario is that both Support Departments don't answer any query as they are overloaded with the great demand from new clients.

I have already reported to both exchanges but now how long and how this is going to be solved?

I will appreciate some feedback from you guys. Thanks in advance.


texts: Send from bitcoin core without downloading blockchain

texts:
I have bought some bitcoins a while back, and stored them in bitcoin core. Now I try to use them, but I have to download the whole blockchain (1 year and 23 weeks to go) which takes about forever..

I donwloaded the electrum wallet and want to wire the bitcoins to that wallet.

Is this possible without downloading the entire blockchain? It would be the first time I do a transaction with bitcoins so I am a bit careful.. There is a transaction cost I can set (normal - fast) which gives a confirmation in 25 - 1 block. Is this confirmation sent after I downloaded the entire chain?

simple question, but I do not find the answer...

thanks in advance!


texts:
After you release about "Statement on NPM Package Vulnerability in v5.0.2-5.1.0 of Copay Wallets".
I could not update the wallet to 5.2.0. In App Store there is only 5.1.0 version.
Iphone 5se, iOS 12.1
What should I do? And hoe to secure my funds?


texts: How big is the blockchain on disk as of 5th July 2012?

texts: I just started Bitcoin-qt for the first time, and it is syncing. How much space does the blockchain take up? I have my drive heavily partitioned, and my /home partition (linux mint) is only about 20GB. Does anyone have a size accurate within 100MB?


texts: Formula for calculating daily mining earnings

texts:
I have seen other formulas, but they all vary and don't work. Can someone please show me a formula where I can plug in the difficulty and hash rate and that will give me how many bitcoin I generate in a day.

I know there are online calculators, but I want a formula for a spreadsheet.
Thank you to all replies.


texts:
Im planing to set up a small energy efficient mining rig, im planing to use a low power CPU/MOBO bundle, this is my favorite: Biostar A68I-350 (with 1 DIMM DDR3 4Gb)

It takes only 18W TDP and has one PCI-E 16x for a HD7950. The total Wattage is (considering the usage of a 80+ GOLD PSU) lower than 300< Watt. The KHash/s rate will be 640-650.

How much can the CPU be the cause of a BottleNeck?


texts: How can 24 words allow a user to recover a public and private key?

texts:
I understand that the Ledger Nano S allows one to create a 24 word recovery phrase.

A) Why is it better to have users keep a 24 word recovery phase as backup than to keep the public and private key as backup?

B) How does Ledger decode the recovery phrase into a public and private key?


texts: How to make bitcoins from other cryptocurrencies?

texts: I want to know how can I convert other cryptocurrencies like BlackCoin or LiteCoin to Bitcoin. There are many cryptocurrencies out there and the main difference between most of them and Bitcoin is popularity. At the moment, Bitcoin is way more commonly accepted as a payment option than the other cryptocurrencies, so they aren't really useful or flexible at all... So please tell me and explain how can I do this!


texts: If Bitcoin addresses are a single-use token, how several transactions belong to a single address? (Edited)

texts:
While in Bitcoin wiki (Link to the page) is explicitly mentioned:

  "A Bitcoin address is a single-use token."

We therefore expect that every address would be belonged to only a single transaction since addresses are one-time use token.

However, in any Bitcoin transaction explorer website such as e.g. following example, we can see that several transactions belong to a single address, meaning that several transactions have been performed using a single address.

example:

https://live.blockcypher.com/btc/address/3Gfuha9cM3sH3D6Ae2t6f81SEiMNLhmQvN/

In above example, the address: 3Gfuha9cM3sH3D6Ae2t6f81SEiMNLhmQvN has performed 2,005 transactions (at the time of writing this question). I chose the address randomly.

How can we interpret the statement of "A Bitcoin address is a single-use token" ?

Edit: In a first view, it seems that unlike mentioning explicitly (in both Bitcoin original paper and Bitcoin wiki) the statement that a Bitcoin address should be used one time for every transaction; however, in practice, it is NOT obliged that a Bitcoin address is used unlimitedly for infinite transactions. It is maybe because of difficulties to hold too many key pairs securely. Assuming for example for above selected address, the owner has to keep 2,005 key pairs in a safe location. Or is there other reason to allow an address to be used unlimitedly?


texts: What makes a transaction a SegWit transaction or a non-SegWit transaction?

texts: Can we say that if there is at least 1 input with a legacy script then the tx is a non-segwit transaction?


texts: Is there any way to contact the makers of bitcoin qt and bitcoin core?

texts: Would like to talk to the makers of bitcoin qt and bitcoin core. I have googled but cant find an email address or a way of contact!


texts: Are there any title agencies that explicitly accept bitcoin, such as for buying houses, land, cars, etc.?


texts: Is there already an existing closed cash flow loop for the currency BTC?

texts:
Loop means:

merchant will get delivered goods from producer in BTC
customer will buy goods from merchant in BTC
factory worker will get salary as BTC (at least in parts)

At this loop there is no necessity to exchange BTC to local currencies and vice versa.

Is there any producer at any country known that can pay salaries legal in BTC?

If not, how can we achieve this closed loop?


texts:
Researching about restore walletS using seeds, I have one question:

I have 1 Jaxx wallet and the seed assigned to it.
Then, let´s say that I find another wallet that I like more, that supports the same cryptocurrencies that I had in Jaxx and also the same seed protocol (BIP39)

Can I restore my previous wallet (basically, the same cryptocurrencies, amounts, addresses...) in the new wallet, using the seed that Jaxx provided to me?

Then, there is one more question that comes to my mind...If the answer for the first question is "Yes": Can I use two wallets at the same time that use the same seed?


texts:
For testing purposes, I need to connect from a web page in my shared hosting account (on the public internet) to my json rpc server which is running on my laptop . So bitcoind is running on my laptop, which is behind my router, and I have a shared web hosting account with easybitcoin.php running on it.

Let's say my router's public IP is 1.2.3.4, and the web server (where easybitcoin.php lives)'s IP address is 5.6.7.8, and my laptop LAN address is 192.168.1.99

The error I get is

  Failed to connect to 1.2.3.4 port 8332: Connection refused

bitcoin.conf

server=1
rpcallowip=5.6.7.8
rpcport=8332

Router Port Forwarding

Firewall

Down. I checked it at the router and on the laptop (where there is an exception for bitcoind).

DMZ

Laptop is in the router's DMZ.

VPN

off

Online Port Scanner Check (looks good)

Result: 1.2.3.4 is listening on port 8332

Going to http://192.168.1.99:8332/ from inside the LAN (looks good)

JSONRPC server handles only POST requests

Going to http://1.2.3.4:8332/ from inside the LAN

A connection attempt timed out.

Going to http://1.2.3.4:8332/ from the public internet (I made an rpcallowip=IP of the testing website)

403 Response (0 characters)

Going to http://1.2.3.4:8330/ from the public internet (bogus port)

Connection timed out.

Once I get this working I will go back and tighten everything back up. But I need to get it working first. I must be missing something.


texts: How to size in bytes for a transaction using BitcoinJ

texts:
The calculation of a transaction fee uses fee/kb. So how do I get the size in bytes for a transaction using BitcoinJ?

SendRequest req = SendRequest.to(address, value);

req.feePerKb = Coin.parseCoin("0.0000100");

Wallet.SendResult result = kit.wallet().sendCoins(req);


texts: What's the POST endpoint to broadcast a transaction in copay's server?

texts:
AFAIU, copay's server implementation is bitcore-wallet-service.

From its README, I can deduce that a multi-sig wallet will use the /v1/txproposals/ endpoint to create a new transaction proposal that the other co-signers will receive.

But, if the wallet is not multi-sig, what's the endpoint for broadcasting a transaction?


texts: What is the difference between digital signature and a digital fingerprint?

texts:
I've been reading the book, Mastering Bitcoin by Andreas M. Antonopoulos, in chapter 4, the cryptography used in bitcoin is classified as: keys, bitcoin addresses and digital signatures.
I understand the keys come in pairs of private and public.

The part I didn't understand is where it's written: "the recipient's public key is represented by its digital fingerprint, called bitcoin address"

What exactly does a digital fingerprint mean in this context? How is it different from a digital signature and how does it represent a bitcoin address?


texts: How would interest and fractional reserve banking work in a limited money supply?

texts:
Suppose Bitcoin lenders (banks, creditors, investors) issue loans with interest. As the total supply of bitcoins approaches the 21M ceiling, the total amount owed in outstanding interest will exceed the money supply.

This is the same as existing banks: they actually hold only a fractional reserve of funds, and the economy as a whole owes itself more money than there is in existence.

The difference is that reserve banks can print more money (yes, with inflation). Bitcoin can't.

An economy can continue to operate, I assume as long as there is enough circulation for a debtor to pay back his interest. However, since interest is compounded, it grows at an exponential rate: over time, wouldn't the total debts eventually outstrip the coins in circulation available to repay them?

Would Bitcoin find itself in a situation similar to the current global economic crisis? How would it correct itself?


texts:
I was checking this C++ mining project to start with Bitcoin mining and understand better how mining works.

This is the project: https://github.com/gavinandresen/bitcoin_miningsim

But now i want to experiment with one real situation to verify what will happen. What more do I need to implement? I need to include the connection to my pool and then let the miners work to send the different blocks that they are mining?

I am little lost so if someone can tell me if this a good example for learning or know others that can help me.


texts: Regarding block validation in blockchain

texts:
In mining process, miners validate the block based on proof of  work or using some other consensus mechanism.
Miners also validate the block. So in this validation process, miners validate only hash value of current block (or) they validate the entire transactions and then they validate the hash value of current block.
Please clarify this.


texts: How secure is calling bitcoind JSON-RPC from same computer?

texts:
I am wondering if calling JSON-RPC from the computer it is running on is secure. I read How secure is calling bitcoind JSON-RPC? and understand why it is insecure to do so from a different computer.

Is there a secure way to call it from the same computer without using SSL?


texts: What happens if you send Bitcoin to a Litecoin address?

texts:
Is it lost forever?

What about the reverse: sending Litecoin to a Bitcoin address?


texts: Lightning network: Are decrementing timelocks used in bi-directional channels?

texts:
I am surely not getting some part of this, but it seems to me that the paper and the video (both listed on the official Lightning website) contradict each other. In particular, the paper describes a simple bi-directional payment channel in Section 3 using only one timelock value (1000 blocks). In the video though they claim that in order to reverse the direction of the channel you have to use a shorter timelock (which makes indefinite number of channel updates impossible).

Are decrementing timelocks actually used in simple bi-directional channels? If so, what would go wrong if new commitment transactions were just created with the same timelock value, say, 1000 blocks?


texts: Can can I identify my deposits to a wallet on a BTC (or LTC) blockchain (using the blockcypher api)

texts:
I'm trying to reconcile my deposits to a wallet (happens to be LTC) on an exchange account with the data on the blockchain.  I was using the logic:

if tx_input_n is -1 then
    transaction is a deposit
else
    transaction isn't a deposit

Which I now know isn't correct.  In this this wallet for example: http://explorer.litecoin.net/address/37GjCWCfLuxMaeKZz5yepLSS1Jpd3MfKmG, there are 20 blockchain deposits using the logic I've described.  5 of them however are (correctly) not represented in my exchange account because they aren't deposits:

2017-07-22T10:56:32Z b9ed3bbf129307b0a36fbb723e3a11d40959b4e109c01983a8ee2f0589cf52e5 0.02873313LTC
2017-07-28T14:40:44Z 2440d14ba777ac204b332f2e2043f415cb0d10670b4ca4f4b38284d3c8bbf9ef 4.61365117LTC
2017-07-28T14:51:26Z baf74fe93ade6f9dc8a15a2e5b6ac5923bb9cd40877a493933ffc21384538f24 18.03466901LTC
2017-07-28T22:46:47Z c55c669edf7bcd2c6a334269f13d93a00e1d6785304af4e389376ccfc3503261 5.89897287LTC
2017-07-31T14:42:27Z 6743cb062ab904a050adc90933f0cc02e4188073a7ff3f0e552576431230dc84 10.79192514LTC

What are these 5 transactions?  Or more specifically: how do I identify my deposits in the blockchain so that I can reconcile them with my exchange account?


texts: How to fully decode a coinbase transaction?

texts:
After reading this What is the format of the coinbase transaction? I was wondering about a few things.

decoderawtransaction of a random Litecoin coinbase transaction:

"coinbase" : "038abd07062f503253482f048725ee5208083865a409000000092f7374726174756d2f",
...
    "scriptPubKey" : {
    "asm" : "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 975efcba1e058667594dc57146022ec46560a63c OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
    "hex" : "76a914975efcba1e058667594dc57146022ec46560a63c88ac",
..
    "addresses" : [
    "LZ2L61M8rCoZmK7SemTBqfxuFZv5Uj4peR"

Is the asm field the outgoing address? If yes how is it encoded and what is the hex field for? Same question goes for scriptSig asm field in a normal transaction. It contains the public key and the signature but how is it structured/encoded. Because I have a Tx with to vins from the same address and I don't see the same public key in the asm field.

How do I read the coinbase? Hex2asic  gives me "?????/P2SH/??%?R??8e??????/stratum/". Is that all I can do if I don't know how the pool operator has structured the coinbase?


texts: Bitcoin in RegTest throw (bad-cb-height) at block No. 500


texts: Do miners check whether a transaction is segwit or non segwit?

texts: When a transaction is pushed directly to a miner does it check whether the transaction is segwit or not or only if it is valid?


texts: Sending multiple output transaction with total output exceed the total input value

texts:
I am still confused about whether it is still a valid transaction for multiple output transactions if the total output of the transaction exceeds the amount of total input.
For example, there are two inputs in Bitcoin transactions, one having a value of 1.5BTC and one
of 0.75BTC, and two outputs, one with a value of 1.3BTC and one of 1.25BT.
Is this a valid transaction? And how about the transaction fee? Because one output is still less than the size of some of the input or the total input.


texts: Future-proofing a deflationary currency from future counterfeiting

texts:
Say someone locks away a wallet in durable storage for 100 years and BitCoins are still actively used.

Are those BitCoins still going to be valid if they haven't been traded in/upgraded to the newer protocols?

I've seen other answers on this site that suggest either that 1) BitCoins will need to be upgraded by a certain block (at the switching of the hash function and protocol, for example, to adapt to any discovered weaknesses) OR 2) that they will forever be valid but that future equipment might be able to steal away those bitcoins (or even generate never-before-seen ones under the older protocols).

1) Would be awful, it seems to me.  What if you miss the deadline because you're in a coma and nobody knows to keep your wallet updated?

2) Seems like a danger for a deflationary currency where the older money is easier to counterfeit AND is worth more.

Perhaps I'm just confusing matters of BitCoin, Blocks, and Wallets?

As I understand it, if the first BitCoin ever made had been squirreled away and the currency takes off as a success, the novel and deflationary nature of the currency will make the exchange value of that first BitCoin very high compared to it's initial exchange value.

Over time, weaknesses in the original hash functions may be found and counterfeiting early BitCoin may become practical.  And the reward for doing so seems to me that it would be higher than counterfeiting BitCoin of the future-present!

In the physical world, finding a buried treasure of gold or a sack of US dollars has a lot of protections against counterfeiting.  I don't know how old of a design of US dollars banks would accept, but I guess that as long as you can do a convincing show of where you found it and forgery experts examine it all different ways and it checks out, they you're entitled to trade up.  Gold is pretty easy - can't fool people for too long.

Authenticity of BitCoin is all in the math, so if the technology to forge the math is practical at any point in the assumed infinite future of technological advancements then the forgery would be undetectable.

Due to inflation, an old $20 would get you a lot more than it did today.  But then again, I'm assuming that the old $20 and the new $20 are equivalent, once the old $20's authenticity is established.  And due to deflation, a BitCoin today will get you a lot less than the equivalent BitCoin in the future.

With inflation, the standard denomination of the future might be $100s or $1,000 or $10,000 ...  so a recovered or counterfeit old $20 isn't worth much, and a sack of $10,000 bills from 1960 would be hard to explain!

With deflation, the standard denominations get smaller, so a counterfeit old BitCoin would be easy to explain and forge.

So we could require that people keep their wallets updated.  You mean if I don't keep up with my BitCoin Updates every Tuesday that my bank accounts would be wiped clean?  But that seems unacceptable to me - seems that a powerful group could do a lot of damage to a person or a population by somehow disrupting or disallowing access to their wallets.  I don't know how that would play out, but it seems plausible that a scheme could be devised if money expires like that.


texts:
Can I get short a explanation about cryptocurrency cold/hot wallets?

Are there more kinds?


texts: Logging into Binance.com via VPN gives: "Network unavailable,please refresh and try again"

texts:
When using my VPN I get the following error: Network unavailable,please refresh and try again

However it works fine when using it without VPN. What is the cause of this?


texts: Is it possible to create a transaction in pure python without needing to run bitcoin locally?

texts:
Lets say I have a bitcoin address that has 10 BTC sent to it. I also have the private key for this address

Using Python (2 or 3) is there a way to create a signed transaction (which I believe is a long string of hex digits) that can then be sent to an external service (bockchain.info or whatever) for network propogation.

It seems all the python libraries for making transactions require a connection to the bitcoind rpc interface. In my application, there will be no locally ran bitcoind.

I'm thinking the code I'm looking for is like this:

address = '1ALis8zeW1XduXf98ZjoL4EKLen5mVA1q4'
private = '5KiUZd5as1TKsiwnt1KiPgiECtXiuF9BS1MxrAgedNrXcScm4d5'

from some_btc_library import make_transaction

tx_hex = make_transaction(
    inputs=[[address, private]],
    to='123rn4tNGhf1ZehQHLohYn8WRQYhjeGSCw',
    amount=3,
    miner_fee=0.0001
)

send_to_exteral_service(tx_hex)
print "transaction complete"


texts: Import private key on multiple computers

texts:
I decided to make some custom addresses for personal use and I have two computers running bitcoin clients. I imported the private key of the wallet I generated to the wrong computer and then I imported it to the correct computer. So now I have two wallets with the same public address in them. Questions are:

What happens when I receive a payment?
Will it take itself out of either wallet?
Is there anything I can do to fix this?
Thanks


texts: What situations will you lose your bitcoins during backup?

texts:
I read this paragraph from bitcoin.it but I don't get it completely.

  The wallet contains a pool of queued keys. By default there are 100
  keys in the key pool. The size of the pool is configurable using the
  "-keypool" command line argument. When you need an address for
  whatever reason (send, “new address”, generation, etc.), the key is
  not actually generated freshly, but taken from this pool. A brand new
  address is generated to fill the pool back to 100. So when a backup is
  first created, it has all of your old keys plus 100 unused keys. After
  sending a transaction, it has 99 unused keys. After a total of 100
  new-key actions, you will start using keys that are not in your
  backup. Since the backup does not have the private keys necessary for
  authorizing spends of these coins, restoring from the old backup will
  cause you to lose Bitcoins.

Can someone explain this in a clear way, especially the bold parts?

Note: Since Bitcoin Core uses deterministic wallets (BIP32) now, this behavior does not apply to new wallets created with Bitcoin Core versions 0.13.0 and newer. It does apply to old wallets created with previous versions that were carried over to the new versions of Bitcoin Core!


texts: Is there a Bitcoin wallet which can be installed server side with a direct access iOS/Android app to maintain the funds but where two different parties can access it directly.


texts: Are coinbase.com purchases effectively bitcoin futures?

texts:
I just purchased 0.1 BTC from coinbase with a bank transfer. Coinbase informed me that the transaction would take 4 business days to complete.

So I don't have any bitcoins yet, but Coinbase promises to deliver 0.1 BTC to me in 4 days.

Coinbase probably didn't purchase the bitcoin now because my payment hasn't cleared, but if they make the purchase in 4 business days from now and the price has gone up from $330 to $500, how will Coinbase cover the difference when the coins need to be purchased?

Or does Coinbase just regularly purchase bitcoin and then just transfer some into my account when my funds clear? Or do they not actually give me the bitcoin until I decide to sell it?


texts: How many shares will be found for a given hashrate?

texts:
Many pools offer a difficulty of 1 per share.

Since variable difficulty is a feature of a couple of pools, I'd like to understand how many shares would be created at varying levels of difficulty.

What is the formula to determine the average number of shares when the hashrate and difficulty are known?

This is a variation of the following question:

Given the probability of finding a block, and time taken, can I infer hashrate?


texts:
I am using MultiBit Ver. 0.5.14, I have my wallet open in it, but do not know my seed words, I had them saved most likely on my computer or printed out on paper, but after 3 moves, 2 computer crashes and 1 computer replacement I have no idea where they might be or what they are, can I recover them, if so, how?

Thank You

Michael Grace


texts:
I am getting this error message. What does it mean?
Validation Error: Error #-26: 258: txn-mempool-conflict


texts:
My bitcoin-qt (on ubuntu installed via the PPA) just plain won't sync. It's been running for days and no/little progress past ~82256 blocks remaining...

I've also got an error displaying "Warning: Displayed transactions may not be correct! You may need to upgrade, or other nodes may need to upgrade."

I've got a good unrestricted internet connection and plenty of RAM, CPU and HDD.

I even tried loading the client with instructions on here (bootstrapping)  http://eu2.bitcoincharts.com/blockchain/ to no end.

I've also purged all files from the .bitcoin directory (excluding wallet.dat of course) and started again to no end.

Can someone help?

{
"version" : 80100,
"protocolversion" : 70001,
"walletversion" : 60000,
"balance" : 0.00000000,
"blocks" : 149874,
"connections" : 11,
"proxy" : "",
"difficulty" : 1468195.42722083,
"testnet" : false,
"keypoololdest" : 1337298958,
"keypoolsize" : 100,
"paytxfee" : 0.00000000,
"unlocked_until" : 0,
"errors" : "Warning: Displayed transactions may not be correct! You may need to upgrade, or other nodes may need to upgrade."
}


texts:
How bad would it be to use MongoDB as a Bitcoin database instead of LevelDB? I know that LevelDB is faster but I've also read that MongoDB is better for doing queries.

It seems cleaner to store the information in JSON. And also easier to query.

Any reason why LevelDB was chosen?


texts: Fail to sign the Segwit Transaction's input in bitcoinj

texts:
I want to spend from a segwit address and it has a P2WPH script, I created this transaction just like creating a normal P2PKH transaction, but just changed the address of the input to the segwit address, I don't know if this is correct, and signing this transaction in the following method, but it says script was NOT verified successfully...

Transaction signedtx = signInput(rawtx.getHashAsString(),privkey,rawtx);

    public static Transaction signInput(String hash, String prvKey,Transaction spendTx) {
        ECKey ecKey = ECKey.fromPrivate(Utils.HEX.decode(prvKey));
        ECKey.ECDSASignature signature = ecKey.sign(Sha256Hash.wrap(hash));
        TransactionSignature transactionSignature = new TransactionSignature(signature,Transaction.SigHash.ALL,true);
        TransactionWitness witness = TransactionWitness.redeemP2WPKH(transactionSignature,ecKey);
        TransactionInput input = spendTx.getInput(0);
        input.setWitness(witness);
        return spendTx;
    }

I am not very familiar with bitcoinj, and currently there is very little technical guidance related to segwit, I hope someone can help me！


texts: Between which locations are transfers using Bitcoins cheaper than PayPal for 100$?

texts:
I believe that once it becomes significantly cheaper to transfer money between countries using Bitcoins, its usage will increase significantly. My question is, therefore, between which countries will a transfer (from bank account to bank account) be cheaper using Bitcoins than PayPal. For simplicity, let's say that the PayPal fees are 2,9% + 30 cents per transaction and that the amount to transfer is 100$.

From Denmark to the US, I believe that the fees will be like the following:

My bank account to MtGox bank account in Denmark: 0%
MtGox exchange fee: 0,6%
Loss due to market spread (difference between buying and selling price/2): 1,12%
Transfer of Bitcoins: 0%
MtGox to USD: 0,6%
Loss due to market spread (difference between buying and selling price/2): ~0%
MtGox to US bank account: 0%?

This means that there will be a 2,32% fee between these currencies if there is no fee from MtGox to US bank account, while the PayPal fees will be 3,2% for 100$. This means that Bitcoins will be a cheaper method of transfer between Denmark and the US. Now I would like to know which other countries it would also be cheaper to use Bitcoins to transfer between?

The reason why I calculate market spread as difference between buying and selling price/2 is because the market price should normally be in the middle between the buying and selling price on an exchange. The spread will depend on the daily trading volume of the exchange, and since the trading volume between Danish krones is so low, the exchange cost due to market spread is a significant expense.


texts:
I recently purchased a Nanofury ASIC unit. I tried running it on my Linux system, as I just let the computer sit and run. I couldn't get it to work on Linux, so I decided to give it a try on Windows = but I'm still getting the same problem.

I installed Zadig, found the device, and installed WinUSB to the Nanofury NF1 0.6 device. I could then see it in the Device Manager listed as:

'NanoFury NF1 0.6'

So the device is recognized by Windows, but when I run BFGminer on the -S all option for finding devices, I get this message:

'NO DEVICES FOUND: Press 'M' and '+' to add'

How do I get the NanoFury device to operate properly with Windows? I'd really hate to be out like $150 on something I can't even get to work.

I'm currently running BFGminer 3.9.0 - if that helps at all.


texts:
For some reason my node shutdown and now I get when restart it
Error opening block database

here my bitcoin.conf
txindex=1
reindex=1
reindex-chainstate=1
# Accept command line and JSON-RPC commands.
server=1
# Options only for mainnet
[main]
# Options only for testnet
[test]
# Options only for regtest
[regtest]

this is my debug.log
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Bitcoin Core version v0.19.1 (release build)
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Assuming ancestors of block 00000000000000000005f8920febd3925f8272a6a71237563d78c2edfdd09ddf have valid signatures.
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Setting nMinimumChainWork=000000000000000000000000000000000000000008ea3cf107ae0dec57f03fe8
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Using the 'standard' SHA256 implementation
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Default data directory /home/bitcoin/.bitcoin
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Using data directory /home/bitcoin/.bitcoin
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Config file: /home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Using at most 125 automatic connections (1024 file descriptors available)
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Using 16 MiB out of 32/2 requested for signature cache, able to store 524288 elements
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Using 16 MiB out of 32/2 requested for script execution cache, able to store 524288 elements
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Using 4 threads for script verification
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z HTTP: creating work queue of depth 16
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z No rpcpassword set - using random cookie authentication.
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z scheduler thread start
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Generated RPC authentication cookie /home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/.cookie
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z HTTP: starting 4 worker threads
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Using wallet directory /home/bitcoin/.bitcoin
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z init message: Verifying wallet(s)...
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Using BerkeleyDB version Berkeley DB 4.8.30: (April  9, 2010)
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Using wallet /home/bitcoin/.bitcoin
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z BerkeleyEnvironment::Open: LogDir=/home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/database ErrorFile=/home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/db.log
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z init message: Loading banlist...
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Cache configuration:
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z * Using 2.0 MiB for block index database
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z * Using 56.0 MiB for transaction index database
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z * Using 8.0 MiB for chain state database
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z * Using 384.0 MiB for in-memory UTXO set (plus up to 286.1 MiB of unused mempool space)
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z init message: Loading block index...
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z LevelDB using max_open_files=64 (default=1000)
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Wiping LevelDB in /home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/blocks/index
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Opening LevelDB in /home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/blocks/index
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z leveldb: Delete type=3 #1
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Opened LevelDB successfully
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Using obfuscation key for /home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/blocks/index: 0000000000000000
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z WriteBatch memory usage: db=index, before=0.0MiB, after=0.0MiB
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Initializing databases...
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z LevelDB using max_open_files=64 (default=1000)
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Wiping LevelDB in /home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/chainstate
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Fatal LevelDB error: IO error: /home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/chainstate/449175.ldb: Bad message
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z You can use -debug=leveldb to get more complete diagnostic messages
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Fatal LevelDB error: IO error: /home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/chainstate/449175.ldb: Bad message
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Error: Error opening block database
Error: Error opening block database
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Shutdown: In progress...
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z scheduler thread interrupt
2020-08-29T07:17:24Z Shutdown: done


texts: Metrics Correlated to "Health" of Bitcoin Node and Network

texts:
What metrics can I use as indicators of the health of (a) a full bitcoin node I am running and (b) the bitcoin network as a whole.

Some examples I've considered: recency of last block I received on my node is a good indicator of (a) or (b) -- if a long time passes, I have an indication that either my node or the network is not in a good state.  The number of full nodes (N) participating in the network is a good measure of (b).  N is difficult to measure but the folks here are taking a good run at it: https://getaddr.bitnodes.io/

What other metrics should I look at on my nodes or on broader level across the network, to gauge the health of my nodes and the network?


texts: Which ASIC Bitcoin Miner gets you best bang for you buck as of today?

texts: I'm thinking of purchasing an ASIC miner, but I'm not sure which one to go with as there seem to be multiple options. When they mention 20-60Gh/s, I'm not sure how many bitcoins can that mine in a specific time. I would like to know how to calculate how many BTC is mined with say 40 Gh/s.


texts: Trial recovery of blockchain.info Wallet to MultiBit HD wallet

texts:
Situation at time of writing:

Written as of 29 May 2016; web based Blockchain.info wallet is HD; MultiBit is also HD.

The Query/Story

Since its become a little uncertain whats going to happen with Armory as a wallet; I decided to explore some other wallets.

After signing up with blockchain.info (and getting the N word recovery phrase) I transferred a small amount of BTC into my new Blockchain.info wallet. So far so good.

Now my understanding is that a Hierarchical Deterministic wallet (HD) such as MultiBit HD should be able to restore the wallet using those N words.

So effectively playing the disaster recovery game; I have installed MultiBit HD; Gone through the recover process using my recovery phrase. MultiBit had downloaded some 130K+ blocks. And I end up with a wallet that seems operational BUT... and this is the but.... no BTC.

My blockchain.info account is showing the BTC; but MultiBit is not.

Therefore either
a) My understanding that I should be able to restore the wallet - and its BTC from the recovery phrase is incorrect (pretty sure that that's the whole point!)

or
b) I am doing something wrong with MultiBit.

Yes this scenario would mean that I would have (as Blockchain.info is not down) 2 wallets with the same BTC but this would be on the same address(es) and the blockchain would protect again any attempt to spend twice.

Basically looking to feel protected in that with my recovery phrase I can recover the wallet (either to blockchain.info / to multibit HD or other wallet) should PC's blow up, web sites crash etc.

Any advise? I have repaired the MultiBit HD wallet a few times - but always sits at 0 BTC

Thanks in advance


texts: Where can I find a survey on different fee estimation algorithms?

texts:
I am looking for a comparison or summary of different fee estimation algorithms. Does anyone know of one? I would like to see what the best starting point is in order to see where optimization can be done.
From a cursory search, there is documentation for Bitcoin Core's fee estimation, but there are many other providers including APIs like Earn/Blockstream/Bitgo. They all provide estimates which are different from Bitcoin Core's estimation. I am assuming that their mempool is similar but their algorithm is different.
For reference, so far I have found
John Newbery's  outline on Core's fee estimation, a gist by Alex Morcos with a High level description Bitcoin Core's fee estimation algorithm, and of course the Bitcoin Core code itself.


texts: What problem set is the Minisketch library designed for? What is it currently used for and what could it be used for in future?


texts: Can spent transactions that get pruned lead to false payment claims?

texts:
The bitcoin white paper says that spent transactions get pruned after being buried behind enough blocks:

  Reclaiming Disk Space
  Once the latest transaction in a coin is buried under enough blocks, the spent transactions before it can be discarded to save disk space.

At some future point after a transaction gets pruned, couldn't the original recipient of that transaction then claim that she did not receive the correct amount of payment without worrying about anyone being able to disprove her because the transaction no longer exists in the blockchain?


texts: Has consensus been reached regarding the block size?

texts:
Many news from one week ago are reporting that transactions take longer to be processed because we are reaching the 1MB limit of the blocksize. Which causes transaction to be buffered, and prioritized depending on fees.
The news article report that there are tensions between two groups of developper, Bitcoin Classic and Bitcoin Core. One team wishing to augment the block size while the other would rather keep the soft unchanged.

By looking on https://tradeblock.com/bitcoin/ it seems that the blocks produced are still under 1MB but the mempool currently reports size of 4.53MB

Has consensus yet been reached regarding the block size ?
Are we still experiencing trouble ?
What has been decided ? Where can I get more info ?


texts: Why don't bitcoin escrow transactions require a third party?

texts:
I've read this article: What are "routine escrow mechanisms"?

But I don't understand the bitcoin escrow system.

Can anyone explain me how this escrow system doesn't need a third party ?

Edit : How is solving problems the third party solve in online exchange ?


texts: Why can't I minimize to tray when I launch Bitcoin on startup?

texts:
If I set Bitcoin Core to start on system login, the option to "Hide tray icon" and "Minimize to tray" become disabled. On my system (Pop_OS!) This causes bitcoin-qt to be neither on the system tray, nor in the taskbar when I minimize it, and I don't know how to make it show again.
Is there any reason for these options to be disabled?
How can I make it show again in this scenario?


texts:
Can a bitcoin transaction from a specific bitcoin address be banned? (via mining pools)

Suppose Satoshi Nakamoto wants to send some bitcoin from one of his bitcoin address, can the mining pools refuse to process it? (Considering China has 81% total bitcoin hashrate with their pools combined).

I heard that a mining pool could (if they want to) refuse to put your transaction into the mining block, so your tx would be stuck into the mempool, until some other mining pool would put it into the next mining block, but I heard this could not be done forever.

Thoughts?


texts: I want to mine with my AMD gpu. However I don't want to install the amd sdk on my daily driver operating system because that too much dependencies and external debs for me. I have the idea to install Ubuntu 18.04LTS on a USB (not an installation usb, a real installed operating system). Would it make sense or is it not very efficent ?


texts: What would you do while a hard fork lasts?

texts:
It is conceivable (though generally buried with cognitive dissonance, I imagine) that a hard fork might not get resolved.  This almost happened once before, and the miners picked the fork that solved the problem (a fork that would otherwise have lost, mind you).  This was human intervention at its finest.

But what if it wasn't fixed?  How long do you think it would take for bitcoin clients to appear that would ensure that your transaction is broadcast to both forks so that anyone seeing only one chain would see your transaction?  Who would run into a lot of trouble in this scenario?  I think people relying on transaction irreversibility might get antsy, and that bothers me a little, but only a little.  The worst people using bitcoin generally rely heavily on irreversibility, and the best people nearly always have some way to re-do any reversed transaction (rebroadcast is built into the standard client).

I don't want to encourage hard forks.  I just want to frustrate the people who secretly yearn for one in order to destroy cryptos.

I view a valid transaction as good, but susceptible to being hidden.  It is the blockchain that currently prevents it from being hidden, but that is not the only way to make sure everyone on the planet can know that the owner of a private key has reassigned the bitcoins it controls to a private key that I own.


texts: Is there a robust way to test for a corrupted blockchain?

texts:
While running bitcoind I once had the blockchain get corrupted and it manifested as a non-obvious error message which unfortunately I can't remember. I would like to know if there is a robust way to check that the blockchain has been corrupted, preferably using a standard tool such as bitcoin-cli.

I'd prefer to err on the side of false positives (it's not corrupt but the test says it is corrupt) if necessary.


texts: Send Bitcoin programmatically from my iPhone app

texts:
I want to allow users to buy stuff with Bitcoin in my iPhone app. I don't want to use things such as Coinbase or Stripe, I want to send the Bitcoin programmatically. I'm pretty new to Bitcoin but as far as I know, I have these options:

1) https://blockchain.info/api/blockchain_wallet_api. Will this allow the users of my app to send Bitcoin to another by simply doing API calls?

2) Creating my own backend and running the Bitcoin daemon in my server.

Do I have another option? Which one is better? Other comments or suggestions?

Thanks in advance!


texts: Why do some Bitcoin Core "good first issues" require scripted-diffs?

texts:
I am looking at a good first issue on the Bitcoin Core repo to find and replace a string. But it appears I need to write a scripted-diff and the examples look complicated. What is the point of the scripted diff? Why is it required for such a simple change?
This question was asked by prayank23 on GitHub and has been paraphrased.


texts: Java bitcoinj: Failure of getPrivateKeyEncoded or getKey?

texts:
I have the feeling something is not right with the method getPrivateKeyEncoded (which returns a DumpedPrivateKey object) of the ECKey class. If I attempt to recover the orginal key from the DumpedPrivateKey object using the getKey method, the retrieved key appears to be wrong (in the compressed case). I would be grateful if someone could tell me whether I am missing something, or whether this is a deliberate API choice etc. I attach a sample Test program to illustrate the issue:

// running bitcoinj-core-0.14.3.jar
import java.math.BigInteger;
import org.bitcoinj.core.NetworkParameters;
import org.bitcoinj.core.ECKey;
import org.bitcoinj.core.DumpedPrivateKey;

public class Test {

  public static void checkEquals(BigInteger n1, BigInteger n2, String msg){
    if(!n1.equals(n2)){
      System.err.println("failure in " + msg + ":");
      System.err.println("n1 = " + n1.toString(16));
      System.err.println("n2 = " + n2.toString(16));
      System.exit(1);
    }
  }

  public static void main(String[] args){

    String mainAsString = NetworkParameters.ID_MAINNET;
    String testAsString = NetworkParameters.ID_REGTEST;

    NetworkParameters mainNet  = NetworkParameters.fromID(mainAsString);
    NetworkParameters testNet  = NetworkParameters.fromID(testAsString);

    // compressed key
    ECKey k1 = new ECKey();

    // same key uncompressed
    ECKey k2 = k1.decompress();

    // common private secret
    BigInteger secret = k1.getPrivKey();  // same as k2.getPrivKey()

    // 4 possible types of WIF
    String wifMain1 = k1.getPrivateKeyAsWiF(mainNet); // main, compressed
    String wifMain2 = k2.getPrivateKeyAsWiF(mainNet); // main, uncompressed
    String wifTest1 = k1.getPrivateKeyAsWiF(testNet); // test, compressed
    String wifTest2 = k2.getPrivateKeyAsWiF(testNet); // test, uncompressed

    // creating corresponding DumpedPrivateKey
    DumpedPrivateKey dpkMain1 = DumpedPrivateKey.fromBase58(null, wifMain1);
    DumpedPrivateKey dpkMain2 = DumpedPrivateKey.fromBase58(null, wifMain2);
    DumpedPrivateKey dpkTest1 = DumpedPrivateKey.fromBase58(null, wifTest1);
    DumpedPrivateKey dpkTest2 = DumpedPrivateKey.fromBase58(null, wifTest2);

    // reconstructing ECKey from DumpedPrivateKey
    ECKey keyMain1 = dpkMain1.getKey();
    ECKey keyMain2 = dpkMain2.getKey();
    ECKey keyTest1 = dpkTest1.getKey();
    ECKey keyTest2 = dpkTest2.getKey();

    // Testing all is fine (should also check compression status)
    checkEquals(secret, keyMain1.getPrivKey(), "test1");
    checkEquals(secret, keyMain2.getPrivKey(), "test2");
    checkEquals(secret, keyTest1.getPrivKey(), "test3");
    checkEquals(secret, keyTest2.getPrivKey(), "test4");

    // so far so good...

    // now creating DumpedPrivateKey objects from getPrivateKeyEncoded
    dpkMain1 = k1.getPrivateKeyEncoded(mainNet);
    dpkMain2 = k2.getPrivateKeyEncoded(mainNet);
    dpkTest1 = k1.getPrivateKeyEncoded(testNet);
    dpkTest2 = k2.getPrivateKeyEncoded(testNet);

    // again reconstructing ECKey from DumpedPrivateKey
    keyMain1 = dpkMain1.getKey();
    keyMain2 = dpkMain2.getKey();
    keyTest1 = dpkTest1.getKey();
    keyTest2 = dpkTest2.getKey();

    // testing is successful for uncompressed keys ...
    checkEquals(secret, keyMain2.getPrivKey(), "test6");
    checkEquals(secret, keyTest2.getPrivKey(), "test7");

    // ... but fails for compressed keys
    checkEquals(secret, keyMain1.getPrivKey(), "test8");
    checkEquals(secret, keyTest1.getPrivKey(), "test9");

    // the output shows a trailing suffix byte 0x01
    /*
    failure in test8:
    n1 = 3e27a3956811801724857245ae78dd8ba1ce3df60da2bb00a782cee66ed640ee
    n2 = 3e27a3956811801724857245ae78dd8ba1ce3df60da2bb00a782cee66ed640ee01
    */
  }
}


texts: An updated forkcoins tree chart (only blockchains)

texts:
Where can I find something conveying this information, but up to date?
digraph {
  # rankdir = LR;
  splines = polyline;

  # Bitcoin is the original chain.
  node0 [label = "Bitcoin\n~15000 $ US (BTC / Nov 2020)"];

  # Bitcoin Cash was a first successful fork.
  node1 [label = "Bitcoin Cash\n~250 $ US (BCH / Nov 2020)", color = "#333333",
         fontcolor = "#333333"];
  node0 -> node1 [label = "Aug 2017", color = "#333333",
                  fontcolor = "#333333"];

  # Bitcoin Gold was a second try to make a successful fork.
  node2 [label = "Bitcoin Gold\n~9 $ US (BTG / Nov 2020)", color = "#999999",
         fontcolor = "#999999"];
  node0 -> node2 [label = "Oct 2017", color = "#999999",
                  fontcolor = "#999999"];

  # Subsequent forks were tried, but most have been low valued.
  node3 [label = "Bitcoin Diamond\n~.5 $ US (BCD / Nov 2020)",
         color = "#bbbbbb", fontcolor = "#bbbbbb"];
  node0 -> node3 [label = "Nov 2017", color = "#bbbbbb",
                  fontcolor = "#bbbbbb"];
  node4 [label = "United Bitcoin\n~.6 $ US (UBTC / Nov 2020)",
         color = "#bbbbbb", fontcolor = "#bbbbbb"];
  node0 -> node4 [label = "Dec 2017", color = "#bbbbbb",
                  fontcolor = "#bbbbbb"];

  #   There were more forks in Dec 2017 but I think they're all low valued.
  # Ignoring Bitcoin X, Super Bitcoin, Bitcoin Hot.

  # Bitcoin SV was forked from Bitcoin Cash.
  node5 [label = "Bitcoin SV\n~150 $ US (BSV / Nov 2020)", color = "#666666",
         fontcolor = "#666666"];
  node1 -> node5 [label = "Nov 2018", color = "#666666",
                  fontcolor = "#666666"];

  #   There was a second Bitcoin Cash fork (Node / ABC) but it seems that Node
  # got almost all of the hashing power and ABC is not an exchanged token right
  # now, if ever.
  # node6 [label = "?"];
  # node1 -> node6 [label = "Nov 2020?"];
}

Please note this aims discussion on the forks of the original Bitcoin blockchain (forkcoins, specifically), not discussing the codebase forks bootstrapping a different blockchain.


texts: If hardware wallet provider disappears, can I still manage my coins?

texts:
I don't fully understand how hardware wallets work, there are two major brands, I will not name them.
I see they give you a seed and you can restore from that seed, but...

I understand these wallets only work with provider's mobile app, online interface or their computer software, correct ?
All transactions go trough their online service one way or another, correct ?
What will happen if their service simply goes offline ? Mobile app unavailable, etc ?
Am I able to see/export my private keys/coins so they could be use/spent by other means even IF the application or online service is unavailable and I only have my hardware wallet ?
Considering all the above concerns, doesn't that make the hardware wallet equally secure as a mobile app wallet ?

Thanks.


texts:
what will happen if there will be nobody in the world to mine. then there will be no future to bitcoin??
and also if nobody is mining then there will not be bitcoins generating anymore and verifying bitcoins ?


texts:
I’m interested in sending BTC from wallet to another and probably automate it through some libraries.

I have a question: if I have a seed hex or 12 words I can generate all my wallets (addresses, private keys) with BIP39 mnemonic tool.

How could I know what of external wallets (private keys) I should use to send btc using libraries assuming it usually changes?

How could I basically send BTC to some wallet having only seed hex or 12 words?


texts: Is there a way to take out a loan on your Bitcoin like how Ethereum can be used as a CDP in the MakerDAO to get DAI?

texts: I wanted to sell some BTC to pay some bills, but I also didn't want to lose out on the Bitcoin rise in the inevitable future. Ethereum has the ability to be used as a CDP (“collateralized debt position”) to get the stablecoin DAI which you can cash out at coinbase, but still own the Ether you put up for the loan. As long as you pay back the loan, you can get the eth back.  Is there a method of doing this with Bitcoin?


texts: What are the chances of hitting VALID mnemonic phrase out of bip39, if someone picks 12, 18, or 24 words from the word list randomly by himself?

texts:
So, here is the statement: "Not every combination of words from bip39 wordlist is valid."
What are the chances of hitting a VALID mnemonic phrase out of bip39, if someone picks 12, 18 and 24 words from the word list randomly by himself?


texts: resetting blockchain and transactions won't clear stuck transaction

texts:
I'm using MultiBit Classic (sorry) and I have a stuck sent transaction due to low fee.

I keep resetting the blockchain and transactions in the application, but the transaction in question keeps showing up.

Should I be just waiting longer for the transaction to drop? Is constant opening MBC just making the problem worse?


texts: Authenticating with npm nodejs bitcoin-core module

texts:
https://github.com/seegno/bitcoin-core
After using npm to install, I get an auth error when I try to run it.
The github repo isn't clear how to auth...

const Client = require('bitcoin-core');
const client = new Client({ network: 'mainnet' });

client.getInfo().then((help) => console.log(help));

I was able to auth using the older package: https://github.com/freewil/node-bitcoin

Using but with my own credentials:

var client = new bitcoin.Client({
  host: 'localhost',
  port: 8332,
  user: 'username',
  pass: 'password',
  timeout: 30000
});

Really lost how to do it on the newer one.


texts: Continuous integration setup using bitcoind regtest on travis-ci

texts:
Subtitle: travis-ci fails to run generate JSON-RPC method on regtest

I'm trying to setup CI process on https://travis-ci.org platform to install bitcoind and start new blockchain using regtest mode.
I want to do this to run unit tests of my applications which uses wallet data. Methods against bitcoind are working fine except the generate method which is needed to mine some bitcoins in regtest private chain.

It looks like some bitcoind/travis-ci related issue.

generate method is working fine in my local CI process (non-travis).
Travis-CI is working fine if I comment the generate method call in CI tests.

generate method call when using travis-ci fails with the following error:

{"code":-32601,"message":"Method not found"}

bitcoin.conf:

server=1
regtest=1
gen=1
rpcuser=someuser
rpcpassword=somepass

.travis.yml:

language: r
sudo: required

before_script:
  - sudo apt-add-repository ppa:bitcoin/bitcoin -y
  - sudo apt-get update -qq
  - sudo apt-get install bitcoind -y

r_github_packages:
 - jangorecki/rbitcoind

after_script:
 - cat $(find . -maxdepth 1 -name "*.Rcheck" -type d)/tests/tests.Rout

Is there any trick in setup I should use to make travis-ci capable to run CI on regtest chain, including generate method?

Leaving the build links just for reference:
- generate method commented - CI passed: https://travis-ci.org/jangorecki/rpc.generate/builds/77207297
- use generate - CI failed: https://travis-ci.org/jangorecki/rpc.generate/builds/77208666


texts: How come the fees were higher than the actual amount in the bitcoin transaction?

texts:
First of all, sorry for the newbie and probably a stupid question, I am so new to the digital currency thing :)

A day ago, I sent $2.5 worth bitcoin from my coinbase account to the copay wallet for testing. It went through OK, but later when I looked at the transaction details (via Blockcypher) I noticed that the fee shows up way higher than the actual amount: It was 0.004084 BTC (~16 US dollar as of yesterday).

I understand that the miner fees changes based on the demand and the block space of a transaction takes, and nowadays they are quite high. But I didn't get why the transaction went through in the first place if the fees that high, and I didn't pay for them (I think). Maybe I am missing something (probably I am)!

So, can someone kindly explain to me what's happening?

Thanks in advance.

PS: I am also adding the transaction information from coinbase. In that, the fee shows as 0.000316764 where as in the transaction details page via Blockcypher shows the fees as 0.004084. That is the part I am confused about. In other words, the fees don't match, and I was wondering what is the big discrepancy all about!


texts: When did Bitcoin's "To The Moon" meme begin?

texts: When did Bitcoin's "To The Moon" meme begin, and where did it originate?


texts:
I backed up my private key and restored it into a new copy of Multibit (difference machine). The import was successful but the public key address has not been updated with my previous address.
I've done "Check Private Keys" which said it was successful as well as forced a resync with the blockchain. None of my old transactions are showing up.
Any thoughts? No doubt I'm doing something wrong.
Thanks!
Edit:
Thanks for the response! I verified through bitaddress.org that the private key I exported only matches the bitcoin address automatically generated when I created the new wallet.
But the old private key that I IMPORTED into this same wallet is nowhere to be found. Multibit says the import was a success. If this is true there should be TWO private keys in the export file; one for the auto-generated bitcoin address and one that matches the old imported private key.
I'd love to take the private key in my original export file and paste it into bitaddress.org to see if it matches my public address but my export file is encrypted. So I have to import into Multibit, enter the password and then export it unencrypted to obtain the private key.
Does anyone know of a way to decrypt an encrypted private key file without using Multibit?


texts: How do we have one-to-one mapping given the key size differences?

texts:
If public keys are 34 characters long, and private keys are 61 characters long, then the combinations of 34 characters is not sufficient to give each combination of 61 characters a unique pair.

My calculations show 8.6 * 10^89 combinations for a private key.

And 9.0 * 10^59 combinations for a public key.

So how do we have one-to-one mapping?

(Please correct me if I am wrong).


texts:
Any idea what it would take to build a conversational wallet for basic interactions with Ardor accounts through a chat bot and what the potential risks are?

Will also appreciate any possible code repo dealing with this.

Thanks.

CryptAIVR


texts: Is there any way by which we can see when was last time or which was the block that was created just before bitcoin adjusted its latest difficulty?

texts: I guess if we start doing mathematical calculation then we can easily find exjact block no which was formed just before difficulty was adjusted. But is there anyway around like by using RPC by which we can find it out?


texts:
I am running bitcoinqt on my server. Each second, I use a .NET API to query the daemon to find new transactions which contain needed addresses. (The addresses are not from the local wallet.)

So, first I do GetRawMemPool() to get list of all new transaction Ids, and then for each id I do GetRawTransaction(transactionID) and DecodeRawTransaction() to get transaction details to find out if it contains needed addresses.

The problem is that this process, querying the daemon for each transaction in the mempool, sometimes takes a lot of time, up to 1 min, since the mempool sometimes has 10-12k transactions in the pool. I think the most CPU intensive is the DecodeRawTransaction() call.

So, this method of confirming a payment is taking far too long, and is currently not acceptable for my application. I need at most 10-20 seconds.

So, is there another way to get this information faster?

(I can't use third party api like blockchain)


texts: Getting or Building coinbasetxn to create the Merkle Root

texts:
My goal is to make my own bitcoin miner (in Go). But I am having an issue:
I am not getting coinbasetxn in my getblocktemplate request.

curl -u user:password --data-binary '{"jsonrpc": "1.1", "id":"0", "method": "getblocktemplate", "params": [{"capabilities": ["coinbasetxn", "workid", "coinbase/append"]}] }'   -H 'content-type: application/json;' http://127.0.0.1:8332/

Fields in result:

coinbaseaux
previousblockhash
target
noncerange
transactions
mintime
sigoplimit
curtime
capabilities
height
version
bits
coinbasevalue
sizelimit
mutable
longpollid

So I am assuming I have to build it by myself.
What are the steps to do so please? Thanks a lot


texts:
I have a bitcoin core -qt Wallet (on linux). Tell me, can I encrypt it?
 For example, there is the electrum wallet!
It has words for deciphering.
For example, i installed the electrum and the  phrase was generated.
"I'm a fan of the  https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com"
Knowing this phrase you can install electrum on any computer,  and when you enter this phrase you get access to your balance and btc.
But what about bitcoin-core-qt? because it is characterized by the fact that the it must download all the transaction history after installing.(~200gb).
Is there such a "magic phrase:" for this wallet bitcoin-qt?
This is a very useful option if you have lost access to the server or host where you hadthis wallet


texts: I am running Ubuntu 12.04. When I close bitcoin-qt (or any of its derivatives, like litecoin-qt or dogecoin-qt), sometimes it does not completely exit. I then have to run killall -9 bitcoin-qt, or sometimes when even that doesn't work, killall -9 bitcoin-shutoff (apparently the client calls a bitcoin-shutoff process to shut itself down). I am wondering if there is a fix for this, to prevent the client from refusing to close in the future.


texts: Why is "cancel canal can" an invalid BI39 (3 word) mnemonic phrase?

texts:
Is there an entropy rule that prevents this particular combination? e.g. it's not random enough?

Or is this just a bug on this generator tool I'm using: https://iancoleman.io/bip39/#english


texts:
I cannot find any documentation or an option anywhere in the electrum client to put it into expert mode. I'm not even sure it can be done any longer, and it is important I raise the gap limit. It like chasing after a myth.

How do I put it in expert mode? Why has that been made so difficult? It seems against every principle of free software.


texts: Received coins in offline Armory wallet that had not yet been synced

texts:
I'm new to the Bitcoin world and I have an issue. I created a wallet in Armory but did not realize that it was offline and the db had not been spawned.

I have no way of downloading the full armory ledger at this point due to space issue.

I created a wallet and got a delivery address and initiated a transaction of 0.1 btc to it that I cannot cancel.

Is the delivery address valid even though armory was never connected to the internet?

Can I access the funds at a later time with the private key that was generated by armory?

Thanks


texts: If I use a MacBook Pro to mine Bitcoin (and keep records for the blockchain), how much can I earn in 1 month?

texts:
I know people say it is not practical to mine Bitcoins using a computer any more, but graphics cards are usually used to mine them.
But suppose just for fun, I do use a MacBook Pro to

mine it 8 hours a day, and also
participate to be part of the blockchain to keep records

How much can I earn per month doing #1 and #2 above, even if it is just a few dollars?  Can I really download some software to do #1 and #2?


texts: Why was the RIPEMD-160 hash algorithms chosen before SHA-1?

texts:
Bitcoin uses both SHA-256 and RIPEMD-160 hashes. Most often a double-round SHA-256 is used, but for address generating, RIPEMD-160 is used because it generates a shorter hash value. RIPEMD-160 has a 160-bit or 20-byte hash value while SHA-256 has a 256-bit or 32-byte.

So RIPEMD-160 is used for it's shorter hash. However, SHA-1 also produces a 160-bit hash. RIPEMD-160 is a less popular algorithm but in fact achieves exactly the same as SHA-1 does.

The only real difference I can find on the internet is in the following fragment from RIPEMD-160's Wikipedia page:

  RIPEMD-160 was designed in the open academic community, in contrast to
  the NSA designed SHA-1 and SHA-2 algorithms. On the other hand,
  RIPEMD-160 appears to be used somewhat less frequently than SHA-1,
  which may have caused it to be less scrutinized than SHA. RIPEMD-160
  is not known to be constrained by any patents.

Are patent issues the reason? Why is SHA-1 a problem but SHA-256 not? I know that SHA-1 and SHA-2 (of which SHA-256 is a part) are different iterations of the SHA initiative and so probably have very different legal implementation.

Does anyone really knows why RIPEMD-160 was chosen before the more popular SHA-1?


texts: Can an attacker with 51% of hash power change old blocks?

texts:
I read what an attacker with 51% of hash power can do in here and here.

However, I want to know whether an attacker with 51% of hash power can change old blocks? For example, assume the attacker has been the dominant node from today for a period of one week. Can she remove a transaction from a block which was confirmed yesterday? What about transactions confirmed one week or one month ago?


texts: How to calculate the Public key P2SH from hexadecimal script?

texts:
My study on the scripts goes next.

I'm creating a ScriptPubKey decompiler, now I have a problem with the P2SH,

So how is calculate the key p2sh?

I using this code but I not think is correct

 string scriptHash = hex.substr(4, hex.length() - 6);

 Bytes bytes = hexBytes(scriptHash.c_str());

 char address[36];
 Base58Check::pubkeyHashToBase58Check(bytes.data(), 0x00, address);

 string stringAddr(address);

 cout << "P2SH addresss is " << address;

I have looked this code inside the class DestinationEncoder of the bitcoin core

 std::string operator()(const CKeyID& id) const
    {
        std::vector<unsigned char> data = m_params.Base58Prefix(CChainParams::PUBKEY_ADDRESS);
        data.insert(data.end(), id.begin(), id.end());
        return EncodeBase58Check(data);
    }

and with this code it seems that the information is queued to something, can you clarify my ideas?


texts: Which sender is banned in case of nvalid transactions or blocks?

texts: When a node receives an invalid transaction or block, as far as I know, it bans the sender for 24 hours. However, I didn't exactly get which sender is banned. Is it the neighbor node that provides the data to this node, or is it the creator of the data (transaction or block)?


texts: The risk of sending money to a xpub generated address

texts:
Suppose the owner of xpub share the xpub to others, and someone send some money to a xpub generated address.

If the owner of xprv does not know the path used to generate that new address, is that means money has lost forever and will always live in the UXTO.