texts:
Currently I am doing my final year project by forking the Dash code and generate a new coin from that. I had read lots of tutorial online and follow the steps as well. First, I had generate the genesis block using the genesisH0. I replace the alert pub key, genesis block, merkle root and some code. However, I cannot mining with the genesis block 0.

The QT program is stop at the beginning and stated synchronizing header and the another PC stated connecting to peer. I had check the peer info as well. Both of the PC show that there are connect to each other. But there was a weird thing, which was the port number associate with each of the IP. The port number is random as well. Anyone can help me about this?


texts: How to create your own bitcoin mining software?

texts: Can we create mining software, if yes, how?


texts:
On a Ledger Nano S, you are given a BIP39 24 word mnemonic. What is the path to the address used? Is it m/44'/144'/0'/0/0 ?

Say for example I use the address generated by the Ledger Nano S to store ripple. But then I lose the device. I can generate an infinite number of addresses from the mnemonic, but I'd like to know which default path address holds the tokens.


texts: How to unstuck a low-fee transaction sent from MultiBit?

texts:
I've sent a transaction with MultiBit Classic or MultiBit HD, but accidentally included too little fee. What can I do to speed up the transaction's confirmation or to replace it?

This is a complementary question to Why is my transaction not getting confirmed and what can I do about it? which answers the question's broader implications and proposes mitigation mostly focused on Bitcoin Core.


texts: The title pretty much sums up the question - say (for instance) I have a string of letters or numbers committed to memory, how hard would it be to convert that into a private key? Or similarly, how hard would it be to construct a private key based upon a sentence, mnemonic or otherwise?


texts: Is it possible to perform BLS signature verification with upcoming Taproot/Tapscript proposal?


texts:
currently im facing with 1 issue that i need to convert all my litecoin address in my fullnode to legacy address (prefix with "M"). Im know that we have a tool https://litecoin-project.github.io/p2sh-convert/ that can help me solve this, but my system currently dev with java, so im asking there is any convert that wrote by java support me this problem ??

Thank for read


texts: How to export public key for an address in bitcoin-qt?

texts:
With the probable increase in demand for multi-sig (P2SH) addresses, and since the procedure for creating such addresses requires that each participant provides the uncompressed public key for an address under their control, I find it surprising hard to find documentation on how to export the public key of a bitcoin address.

So for the benefit of future searches: How exactly to you get the public key for an existing address for which you have a private key in bitcoin-qt?


texts: Why iota coin do not support smart-contracts?

texts:
I thought that Iota-coin have a lot of common with Ethereum, but I hae found that it do not have support of smart-contracts. I googled about what was there reason of do not implement it (I really thought that smart contracts is future) but I found only one mention about it:

"Iota itself cannot implement smart contracts cause there is no consensus on state finality and each node has its own personal view of the state, rendering unusable for distributed general purpose computation."

Does smart-contracts have any issues? Or What?


texts: Where do I find my bitcoins after buying from an ATM?

texts: I don't know where to find my bitcoins. I have a receipt from the ATM:  and the transaction is confirmed:


texts: Is there any Cryto exchange that supports automatic sale when profit above X % and buy again when price drop to previous price and repeat this cycle?

texts:
I am new to bitcoins

I got a new idea in short selling bitcoins

That is , imagine the price of 1 BTC = $1000

I will buy 0.5 BTC for $500

Now I will wait till the price increased by 10% that is , $1100

Now my portfolio becomes $550

.....

Now I will sell the 0.5 BTC for $550 . I got 10 % , $50 profit

Now I will wait till the price again goes below 10% , that is $1000 .

Now I will buy when price again reached to $1000 for the $550 , that is for the total gain.

then the above cycle continues ...

Suppose if the buy price never reach, that is price starts to grow then I will buy for day's or week's low.. and continue the cycle

-

Is there any exchange that support this automatic job flow ?


texts: Accidentally send BCH to my CashApp wallet!

texts:
I accidentally had my Forex broker send BCH instead of BTC to my CashApp (I chose the wrong option for withdrawal) It ended up at a Bitcoin address which only lists the transaction meaninig on the "explorer" site). I don't have a wallet with Bitcoin.com .
How can I get my funds to my cashapp? I have been chasing Cashapp for 5 days now and they are not responding to my request properly. Is there a way? Or do I have to wait on cashapp to recover the funds and put it my cash app wallet? $1600 is a lot of money to lose!
Please someone help me.


texts: What is the early history of the BTC exchange rate?

texts:
Trading on Mt. Gox, which is now the largest Bitcoin exchange, started in July 2010 at an exchange rate of $0.05 USD. This comment suggests that on May 2010, bitcoins were traded at bitcoinmarket.com for roughly $0.004 USD.

What other exchanges existed this early in Bitcoin's life? What is the earliest/lowest recorded exchange rate?


texts: How will the Lightning Network handle most money being pushed towards specific nodes?

texts:
Are there simulations of scenarios taking into consideration that most payments in LN will go into specific nodes (say, Amazon or Ebay)? The majority of payments we make are not towards our friends, but towards big entities that sell stuff.

So the number of nodes making payments will always outweigh the nodes receiving them - this seems like the law of business if you ask me.

I'm not sure how the graph will behave when all the money is always pushed towards few nodes. Have simulations been done for these sort of scenarios?

EDIT

To clarify, my main concern is about how money would flow through hops if, like I said, we're mostly paying these big nodes in the graph. My concern is that a route may be harder to find if the typology of the network pushes all the money towards these specific areas of the graph -- we might end up with not many routing possibilities because most channels in a route might be exhausted in that direction.


texts: Current Bitcoin symbol: Who designed it, when and why?

texts: I am looking for informations about the authors of the current symbol used for Bitcoin. I am also interested about any brand design explainations such as graphic guidelines, and the way this symbol was adopted (contest, vote, imposition…). As a supporter of the symbol Ƀ, I am not sure this choice was right.


texts: Are there any Web Crawlers for Bitcoin addresses?

texts:
In an effort to "track the chain" I wonder if there are any Bitcoin web crawlers that specifically look for Bitcoin addresses.

Following on to that question, are there any groups/volunteers/ people using that information to compile a dossier on who has what address?


texts:
Bitcoin's blockchain is large. By accident, I discovered a way to reduce it (on the disk), but I wonder why it was not implemented by someone else.

I wrote a short documentation here: http://194.28.50.88/BTC-Compression/btc-compression.pdf

I would like to know your opinions.

PS. Maybe it is possible to adapt this compression to get more transations into block


texts:
I heard that there was an old block with one transaction and it takes 20 seconds of CPU time to verify.

1) Which block was it? I forgot its block height.

2) Is there a block that takes more time to verify? Or is there a similar block?


texts: How are change addresses treated differently by Bitcoin Core?

texts:
I understand the reasons for wanting to use new change address for each transaction, but am unsure as to how they are treated by the Bitcoin core client.

Is the address deleted as soon as the funds it received as change are spent?
The client probably doesn't watch for any further sends to these addresses, right?


texts: Are there any feasible methods of maliciously reversing transactions?

texts: How can transactions be maliciously reversed? What resources are required?


texts: Blockchain.info API - Check transactions from one address to another

texts:
Using the blockchain.info API, how can I check the transactions from one address to another, including the number of confirmations?

Clarification: I have one address let us say. I want to programmatically check new transactions, without running a wallet and a full node on my computer. So my address is fixed. The sender address is also fixed. So, given 2 addresses, get all the transactions from one to the other. And ideally including the number of confirmations.


texts: Why does Bitcoin keep transactions in a memory pool?

texts: Why does Bitcoin keep (unconfirmed) transactions in a memory pool? What would happen if these were stored on disk instead?


texts: Differentiating Output Script (scriptPubKey) Types

texts:
I am working on a little script to breakdown the data inside coinbase transactions. This is largely to improve my understanding of legacy and SegWit transactions (Given coinbase transactions have less data than for example a multisig TX, it is easier for me to work through).

One thing I've noticed about these transactions is differences in the output scripts. The Bitcoin RPC API works pretty well in decoding them, though I would like to know how to do it without an external tool.
I am aware that there are different types such as P2PKH, P2SH, and P2PK. However, what I do not know is how to differentiate them only given the raw hexadecimal representation.

For example this transaction has two output scripts:

76A91494155788E7233D7BEA9AA29FEB2ED37BC878C40B88AC

and

6A24AA21A9ED7387872912D999B657F4146043675D84B9BBCF66AD5DEC8BCC14117E4FB6999E

The RPC API tells me the first one has the type pubkeyhash with a P2SH value of 3EstC3Hhe8zvNGP73oX9oDvo36sNCygjJi

The second output script appears to be random data which cannot be decoded. (I've also seen many coinbase transactions have one readable output and one or more output that cannot be decoded).

Another example, The genesis block coinbase transaction decoded by the RPC API has the type pubkey with this script:

4104678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5fac

Question: How can I take this output script and determine the type of transaction and the assembly (OP script code) of it without external APIs?

Thank you!


texts: What encoding or format is the private key in Dumpprivkey?

texts:
I'm trying to use the results of Dumpprivkey to sign a message outside of the QT client, however I'm either having a problem signing or extracting the real value of the key.

What encoding, endian, or format is Dumpprivkey in?

I assume it's Base58 encoded...


texts: Can you have a cryptocurrency with a single source of truth?

texts:
Can you have a cryptocurrency that's based on TRUST? (how dare I use this dirty word haha)
Everyone who participates in the system agrees to trust this 1 party only, because they find them trustworthy. And only they are allowed to add blocks to the blockchain. Or they can just process transaction on a 1st come 1st serve basis and eliminate the need for blocks, just timestamp each transaction :)
It would make things way easier but it will make the cryptocurrency centralised?
Is that even legal to do? Can someone create their own centralised cryptocurrency and let people buy/use it?


texts: How to put comment when use sendrawtransaction in bitcoincore?

texts:
I use sendrawtransaction to submitt my transaction and I want to put comment or comment-to in transaction like sendtoaddress fields that store in the wallet and not sent with transactions. I think the "data": "hex" field in createrawtransaction is for this, but I can not use that.

I use the following list as recipients field in createrawtransaction, but I get error: bitcoinrpc.authproxy.JSONRPCException: -8: Invalid parameter, key-value pair must contain exactly one key

 [{'mowMh2bocyV97NUP9vqVsuCPcJ2XhJUuoH': Decimal('0.000123'),
 '2NAJPzU1pVTcNABNrdrD336eRWRrbKBBuSe': Decimal('0.03149347')},
 {'data': 'happy birthday'}]

How to use that? Is there any good idea to do this?


texts: `bitcoind` must be different from `bitcoin -server` because one gives an error message the other doesnt

texts:
Although the API reference implies that running bitcoin -server is the same as running bitcoind, I get no error message when running bitcoin -server with no bitcoin.conf file but I get teh following error message when invoking bitcoind -

  C:\Program Files (x86)\Bitcoin\daemon>bitcoind.exe Warning: To use
  bitcoind, you must set rpcpassword= in the configuration
  file: C:\Users\thequietcenter\AppData\Roaming\Bitcoin\bitcoin.conf If
  the file does not exist, create it with owner-readable-only file
  permissions.

  C:\Program Files (x86)\Bitcoin\daemon>


texts: How do I import my wallet.dat file into a new wallet?

texts: I have my wallet.dat backup file, but Bitcoin Core isn't able to verify it. How do I retrieve my backup?


texts:
Following what happened in Kucoin, a doubt arises.

Where are the exchange keys kept?
Are HSMs not used for key storage?


texts: Bitcoind Cannot assign requested address

texts:
I'm trying to run a regtest bitcoind node but I'm always receiving the following error

  connect() to [2a05:d01c:a35:2902:6e18:7290:ff27:e9aa]:18444 failed:
  Cannot assign requested address (99)

My config:

bitcoind -printtoconsole -regtest=1 -rpcallowip=::/0 -rpcauth="...."

I'm running the node with through docker with the following image https://hub.docker.com/r/ruimarinho/bitcoin-core/

Thanks by advance for your answer.


texts: Is it possible to execute a CLTV transaction in bitoin core 0.11 console?

texts:
The title says it all. How can one perform a op_checklocktimeverify transaction using bitcoin core? I've searched around and I've found a few repo's on github but nothing about how to do it in the console. I was thinking it would be something that you would just tack onto the end of a raw tx like this:

createrawtransaction '[{"txid":"","vout":}]' '{"receive_address":0.02}' '{"op_checklocktimeverify":desired_block_height}'


texts: For deterministic wallets, which key is better to give out?

texts:
I am just finding out about deterministic wallets. I have read here that it is possible to derive the private key if one happens to have given out both master public key AND a child private key.

So if we want to give someone a key to send funds to, is there a better one to give out? Or can it be any, as long as we don't give out the other one?


texts: How do you mine in Ubuntu 11.04? Are there any GUI miners like poclbm-gui for Ubuntu?


texts:
I don't know how to get a bitcoin or cryptocurrency wallet address.

Can anyone help me with that information?


texts: When BTC is traded at a Bitstamp, Mt Gox (or similar) what is the algorithm for matching Buys to Sells? How do partial fills occur?

texts:
I'm trying to understand how a partial fill would / should happen at an exchange and how that would occur

For example, if the BTC rate was $10/BTC and

Someone wanted to buy 100 BTC at $10

The only sellers were

One seller wants to sell 50 coins for $10 USD
One seller wants to sell 50 coins for $9.90 USD

Question

Would the final transaction not be completed because not enough matching shares were available?  (fair benefit)
Would the purchaser be charged $10 * 50 + $9.90 * 50 = $995  (purchaser saves $5)
Would the purchaser be charged $1,000 and the price was increased from $9.90 to $10 (seller gains unexpected $5)
Would the exchange purchase the shares at $9.90 and quickly resell them for $10  (exchange benefit)
If #4 occurs, should the exchange still charge a fee on top of profits already made?

What is expected in this scenario?

To put this in better context, I'm comparing #4 to SEC Rule 605 to encourage open reporting and trade equality.  Namely requiring market centers (Mt Gox) to disclose the extent to which they provide executions at prices better than the public quotes to investors using limit orders.


texts: How does the computing power of the Namecoin network compare to the Bitcoin network?

texts:
Namecoin sounds neat, but I know that the strength of the network depends on the amount of computing power in use. Namecoin isn't as popular as Bitcoin, so it would be easier for an attacker to control the network. I'm curious how big the difference actually is.

How does the amount of computing power in use compare between the Namecoin and Bitcoin networks?


texts:
As of today the official bitcoin core version is 0.19.1 why has it not go to 1.0 version yet ?
Is there a timeline from the developer team ?

I have seen this similar question from 8 years ago:
Why hasn't the Bitcoin client advanced to version 1.0? but there doesnt seem to be a proper answer/concensus, or maybe it has evolved from this date ?


texts: Why is the nonce bruteforced from 0 to n while mining?

texts:
bitcoin noob here.

I was wondering why is the nonce increased from 0 to n while searching for a blockhash?

Why not start at some other integer > 0 for example?

My background is in ethereum-dev, so I know why the nonce needs to change, but I don't get why from 0 to n?

Thanks in advance.


texts:
In my Java application I am now required to handle multiple bitcoin wallets (HD wallets?). This means sending and receiving BTC. Unfortunately bitcoin is quite new for me, so there are some questions:

Would it be possible to use BitcoinJ in order to do this? Is it performing well with hundrets of wallets (or more)? If not, what would be the alternative?

Regarding the workflow:
Of course the private key will stay on the user side and thus cannot be read by the application itself. Would it still be possible to raise events like "money received" without having the private key of the wallet?


texts: What economic incentives would help wider geographic distribution of bitcoin nodes?

texts:
https://bitnodes.21.co/

Full nodes are important everywhere providing visibility and improved network latency. In areas where bitcoin mining is not profitable due to the high cost electricity or other factors what incentives can be used to increase the number of nodes?

Will 21.co be successful in its efforts to install mining equipment in mobile phones and other consumer devices across the world?


texts: How does bitcoin impact the real economy?

texts:
I have a question in my head since a while.
What if Elon Musk sells all his companies (spacex, Tesla, ...) and puts all the money in bitcoin and then loses the keys. What is going to happen to the real economy?


texts: What version of python is required to install electrum-ltc and electrum-dash in amazon linux instance?

texts:
I am trying to install different wallets on my amazon linux ec2 instance. I already have a working electrum-btc.

[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xx-xx-xxx dash-electrum]$ python --version
Python 2.7.13
[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xx-xx-xxx dash-electrum]$ python3 --version
Python 3.4.8
[ec2-user@ip-xxx-xx-xx-xxx dash-electrum]$ uname -a
Linux ip-xxx-xx-xx-xxx 4.9.85-38.58.amzn1.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Mar 14 01:17:26 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

But when Iam installing other clones for litecoin and dashcoin pip install command fails.

  sudo which pip3 install Electrum-DASH-2.9.4.tar.gz

  Running setup.py install for hidapi ... error
Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-y3d9_mm3/hidapi/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-ffxgn444/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
running install
running build
running build_ext
cythoning hid.pyx to hid.c
building 'hid' extension
creating build
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/hidapi
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/hidapi/libusb
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -DDYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED=1 -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -Ihidapi/hidapi -I/usr/include/libusb-1.0 -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c hid.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/hid.o
gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -DDYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED=1 -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -Ihidapi/hidapi -I/usr/include/libusb-1.0 -I/usr/include/python3.4m -c hidapi/libusb/hid.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.4/hidapi/libusb/hid.o
hidapi/libusb/hid.c:26:0: warning: "_GNU_SOURCE" redefined
 #define _GNU_SOURCE /* needed for wcsdup() before glibc 2.10 */

<command-line>:0:0: note: this is the location of the previous definition
hidapi/libusb/hid.c:47:10: fatal error: libusb.h: No such file or directory
 #include <libusb.h>
          ^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-y3d9_mm3/hidapi/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-ffxgn444/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-y3d9_mm3/hidapi/

What am I doing wrong? Can I install only one electrum wallet on one server?


texts: Are smalltime block chains susceptible to brute force liars?

texts:
My understanding is that the integrity of the bitcoin block chain is dependent on the consensus of the masses - that no single actor can write entries at will unless they. controlled over 50% of the compute power focused on calculating proofs.

If this is true, wouldn’t small time coin with much less compute power working for it be susceptible to a bad actor, assuming this actor could focus enough resources? Specifically, slightly more than the current compute power dedicated to the coin such that the bad actor controlled greater than 50%?


texts:
I just installed exodus,
1) why the program didn't even ask, do you want a new address? it's generated automatically!
2) when I click recieve on my bitcoin wallet, there are two different addresses generated(that I can click next or backward to chose them), interestingly enough they are not there to be chosen when I click send. which address is mine?

Thanks


texts: Fundamental Question on Bitcoin: How would one convert his "bananas" into bitcoins?

texts:
In one of the presentations by Andreas Antonopoulos on Bitcoin, he said that "there are 6 billion people in this world who have no banking facilities, who live in places where they have cash or barter based societies. In these places, where banking services will never reach and the nearest bank is 100 miles upstream, where the only form of technology is a Nokia 1000 feature phone, every phone become a banking service"

My question is this. In a scenario as described above, how would one transact his/her hard money or the farm products (say bananas) using a basic phone without any banking facility? In other words, how will one convert his "bananas" to bitcoins?


texts: A friend of mine told me that The DAO pays dividends in Ether.  I can't find this anywhere, but assuming that it's true, how is this possible that it pays dividends if a person purchases The DAO through an exchange, but does not have an Ether address with that exchange?


texts:
So according to many wallets, they say you should use a different public address for every transaction for security reasons. Are all of those public addresses linked to the same wallet/private key directly or is the wallet using HD features? Also how are these addresses created in Armory for instance?

Now, saying you wanted to spend funds from the wallet, on the blockchain, will it show the same outgoing address, or are you able to spend funds from this one wallet making it look like it is coming from many different addresses?

edit: So lets say I recieve 1btc to the same armory wallet on 3 different addresses A, B, C. Are these HD or completely random addresses?

THen I want to spend 2.5 btc to my friend Dave at address D. On the blockchain, what will show up as the sending/input address? Will it be just one address (X to D), or will it show up as multiple transactions (A, B, C to D)? And also, to what address will the change come back to?


texts: How can you tell a block is Classic vs Core?

texts: Sites like http://xtnodes.com/ are tracking which versions of Bitcoin software are being used to create blocks. Where are they looking in the block structure to determine which software version generated the block?


texts:
The consensus is that address reuse is bad and should not be done. Bitcoin wiki even argues it hurts yourself and those who will own the bitcoins after you.

However, unless I am mistaken, most business reuse the same address all the time. They have to, to avoid having to generate a new address every time someone visits their website.

So I am struggling to reconcile this. Is address reuse actually ok? Am I wrong in saying that business reuse addresses? Or are most businesses creating a privacy issue in the block chain?


texts:
I under that merkle tree use double hashing (HA = SHA256(SHA256(Transaction A)). Curious for answers to the following:

Why is there a need to hash it twice?
What is the difference between hashing it twice this way or using the hashing method for keys (RIPEMD(SHA256(P))
Is there any value in hashing more than 2 times?


texts: Bitcoin adresses seem not to be collision resistant. Please tell me I am wrong

texts:
I am trying to understand Bitcoin addresses, but it does not seem to be easy at all.

As far as I know, a Transaction uses one or more addresses as input and one or more addresses as output. Is this correct?

As I understand it a bitcoin address is a hash of your public key. So it is not completely collision resistant. So how do you prove, that you are the owner of a bitcoin address?

Also, since everybody can make an address from your public key and the recipient of a transaction does not have to sign the transaction, how do you make sure no one can send you Bitcoins without your consent? (I don't really know if this is a problem to be honest)


texts: ScriptSig content during signature (quadratic hashing)

texts:
As far as I know, the quadratic hashing problem came from the fact that every time a transaction is verified (or signed), the "unsigned transaction" that is hashed and verified changes depending on the transaction input that is being analysed. Basically, the target input ScriptSig is set to the ScriptPubKey of the UTXO to be redeemed, while the other inputs are left empty.

However, what I can't see is what's the reason behind that. Why aren't all the ScriptSig fields assigned either to their UTXO ScriptPubkey field, or left empty? The way it was designed doesn't seems to provide any kind of benefit (at least I can't see it), while it makes you recalculate the double-sha256 every single time an input is analysed, leading to a quadratic hashing problem.


texts: Is it possible to build a blockchain explorer to put on aws?

texts:
Can I download the blockchain onto a cloud service then build an api to search it? maybe put it on a noSQl database?

What would be the best way?

Or even better, is there a way to not download the whole blockchain but, build an api that uses SPV to get just the transactions of a certain public address?

I have been trying to use the apis out there such as blockchain, block.io, insightpay, etc, but they all limit me in terms of API usage and I they are all bad at dealing with transactions where there are hundreds of inputs. Not sure how common this is, but it is a problem.

Thanks


texts: I can't seem to find where to get my MtGox api key. I've been linked to https://mtgox.com/settings/apps-and-api, but all I get is a blank page in the "Access" section. Do I need to verify my account in order to get API access? Is there any way I can get API access immediately without verifying my account if this is the case?


texts: Building Vertcoin ERROR - makefile.unix:219: recipe for target 'vertcoind' failed

texts:
Building Vertcoin on Xubuntu 16.10 build error:

Last lines of the output:

obj/util.o: In function `boost::program_options::detail::basic_config_file_iterator<char>::getline(std::string&)':
/usr/include/boost/program_options/detail/config_file.hpp:171: undefined reference to `boost::program_options::to_internal(std::string const&)'
obj/util.o: In function `boost::program_options::detail::basic_config_file_iterator<char>::basic_config_file_iterator(std::istream&, std::set<std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::string> > const&, bool)':
/usr/include/boost/program_options/detail/config_file.hpp:155: undefined reference to `boost::program_options::detail::common_config_file_iterator::common_config_file_iterator(std::set<std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::string> > const&, bool)'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
makefile.unix:219: recipe for target 'vertcoind' failed
make: *** [vertcoind] Error 1

Pastebin.com link of the full output

Additional info:

$ g++ --version
g++ (Ubuntu 4.8.5-4ubuntu4) 4.8.5

$ gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu 4.8.5-4ubuntu4) 4.8.5

$ uname -a
Linux droidx 4.8.0-26-generic #28-Ubuntu SMP Tue Oct 18 14:39:52 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

$ cat /usr/include/boost/version.hpp | grep "BOOST_LIB_VERSION"
//  BOOST_LIB_VERSION must be defined to be the same as BOOST_VERSION
#define BOOST_LIB_VERSION "1_61"


texts: Why do Bitcoin API services offer Block details?

texts: I understand having APIs around addresses and transactions, but I'm less clear why I need to know what's happening with a Block(s). This is to confirm one's transactions? Might someone provide some context?


texts: Upper bound on the Bitcoin transaction size

texts:
Assume that I want to store some arbitrary data on the Bitcoin blockchain via a single transaction.

Question: Is there any upper bound on the size of data I want to send via a single transaction?

--

Edit: I need to know how much "arbitrary data" I can store in the blockchain via a single transaction. Is there any upper bound on the field of the transaction that allows "some arbitrary data" to be stored in it?


texts: Where can I download the Antminer S9i Software

texts: I would like to try putting some s9i software on my s9's but where can you download the s9i software or is that just the newest version of software that they have for the s9's. Where can I get the s9i software?


texts: How to Install Copay desktop wallet in Ubuntu?

texts:
Could someone publish a step by step instructions to install, in a simple way, the Bitcoin desktop wallet Copay?

I have read the "instructions" published in their Github account and believe me, it's not user friendly:

  Desktop versions (Windows, OS X, Linux)

  Copay uses NW.js (also know as node-webkit) for its desktop version.
  NW.js is an app runtime based on Chromium and node.js.

  -Install NW.js on your system from nwjs.io
  -Run grunt desktop

Thank you.


texts: Is using different addresses for bitcoin similar to having different email addresses?

texts:
I first got quite confused about having different "addresses" to get or send bitcoins.
But is it as simple as, we can have different email addresses:
molly.rosie@gmail.com
peterpan123@gmail.com
peterpan456@yahoo.com

and so you use them as accounts for yourself, to send and receive money, and nobody know who is who with these "addresses"?


texts:
I understand that bitcoin-core introduced the IsStandard() check in v0.9(?) to prevent non-standard transactions from being broadcast (unless in a mined block).
I'm interested to know whether there are any current mining pools or miners that will process non-standard transactions - i.e. they're running a non-default configuration that will permit the non-standard transactions to be submitted using sendrawtransaction (or another method) and mine them.
When I say non-standard, I mean that the transaction will be rejected because it contains non-standard inputs (i.e., inputs that return false when evaluated by IsStandard()).
I already understand that testnet is more permissive in this sense but I'm specifically interested in miners on mainnet.
Note: This question is for academic purposes in support a paper I am writing.


texts: How can one earn some Bitcoins with minimal skill requirements?

texts:
This issue came up during a chat on this answer to a question asked by a new Bitcoin user.

Lets say I am new to Bitcoin and don't want to go through the hassle of exchanging money for coins quite yet. I don't have much of marketable skills, so I can't offer my services. How then can I earn some Bitcoins with minimal skill requirements, without any long-term commitment or investment of any type?


texts: What is the size of different Bitcoin transaction types?

texts:
I found this interesting take on Bitcoin transaction type trends from 2015.

As that article is from 2 years ago, I am wondering:

a. Are there any newer transaction types?

b. What is the average size of each of these transactions?

c. Is there a site/way to see the transaction types included in each block?


texts: Send to bech32 segwit address from Bitcoin Core 17.1

texts:
I have a non-HD wallet in Bitcoin Core v17.1.  I have never used SegWit before.

I need to send some coins to a bech32 address from bitcoin-qt GUI.  The problem is after selecting the specific coin inputs to use (originally received into P2PKH address), and then entering the bc1... bech32 send to address, then the Send button does nothing.  I usually after pressing Send button get a passphrase prompt to unlock the wallet and confirm sending the transaction.

How do I send to a bech32 address from qt GUI?


texts: What happens when transaction bandwidth is exceeded?

texts:
A search for definitive information turned up literally nothing, so, what happens when transaction bandwidth is exceeded for an extended period?

After a period of two weeks (default) transactions are dropped from mempool, if this continues for three months then all transactions from weeks one through eleven will need to be resubmitted a) when the load on mempool dies down a bit or b) with higher fees excluding some other transaction in its place.

I have seen mempool with over 50,000 transactions for many days in a row, perhaps weeks, so, should this actually be called a quasi-payment system where it is possible any given transaction may eventually be forgotten about if the user does not keep on top of it?


texts: Best Practices for hardened keys in HD wallets?

texts:
Essentially, I am seeking to know where in an HD wallet tree structure should hardened keys be used. For example:

Shouldn't all child keys of the master extended key be hardened?
Should all extended public keys that are shared have the immediate parent key be a hardened key to ensure that a single compromised key doesn't compromise other keys?
Should the whole HD wallet tree structure use hardened keys except for the leaf node keys?


texts: How to calculate cryptocurrency pair to usd

texts:
I understand how to calculate pair like BTC/GBP or ETH/JPY to usd.
But i cant understand how to calculate pairs like XMR/LTC or LTC/BNB.
Help me please with calculate itThanks!


texts: Help with bitcoin gold explorer: using explorer after fork

texts: I tried to view my free BTG using the bitcoin address, but it doesn't recognize the address. The explorer was at: btgexplorer.com.  Yet, when I try the same thing at bitcoingold.org, there they have a utility titled "CHECK YOUR ADDRESS BALANCE BEFORE BLOCK 491407", it works fine. What is the problem with the explorer? I also get the same error with the explorer at btgexp.com.


texts: technical requirement to running a Bitcoin node

texts:
I want to run a full node in order to support the network, however i am wondering about what are the technical requirements to do so.

how much RAM(for utxo) do I need? and what internet throughput will be sufficient?


texts: Not able to install coinpunk on centos and ubuntu server

texts: I have tried to install the coinpunk after following the instructions given on github about coinpunk installation. Bitcoind installed successfully but when i try to run the npm install command, it starts processing and does not stop. Though i tried the same process on two different servers(centos,ubuntu) but it gives same error.


texts: Getting root pub key form derived public keys

texts: Hello I have a lot of derived public keys and derivation path to them how can I get root public key which was used to generate this pub keys?


texts: Do "the official bitcoin developers" control Bitcoin?

texts:
Is there one person or organization that controls Bitcoin?

What if Gavin Andresen, the lead developer, or Bitcoin Foundation, "the official bitcoin organization", decide to change something? What if they release a new version of the software that changes the coin limit, or enforce government regulation?


texts:
When I first download Bitcoin Core, and Synchronize with the network, where am I actually downloading the block chain from?  The point of bitcoin is that there is no canonical source, yet I must get the data from somewhere?

Does it use a bittorrent-like protocol?
Am I getting different blocks from different peers?
How does my computer discover peers initially?


texts: 2-of-3 multisignature account with limitations on withdrawal

texts: I want to create a 2 of 3 multi-signature account from where one can withdraw money only after a certain period of time. How can this be done?


texts: child keys generated addresses reflect in wallet?

texts:
I am confused about child HD public keys. Is this scenario correct?

I am using bx (libbitcoin) for all action below.
Generate a seed (bx seed).
create master private key using seed (bx hd-new)
create master public key from private key (bx hd-to-public)
generate several child BIP32 public key using random indexes (bx hd-public)
use generated child keys and generate several addresses
now using generated addresses

will all addresses connected to master private key? or because I used random indexes (step 5), it is disconnected from master private and public key?
In simple word, is it enough to use private key (step 3) in bitcoin clients such as electrum to access to all addresses that generated using child pub keys (not master key)?


texts: Can private keys be exported more than once in Electrum client so long as the've not been spent?

texts:
Assuming one exported the private keys from one's offline Electrum wallet to a CSV file (also offline), they obviously have not been 'spent'. The whole thing was done offline. My question is this: if I were now to go online and try to spend the bitcoins covered by those private keys, are the bitcoins still there? Or does the exportation of the private keys to the CSV file equal the spending of those coins so far as the Electrum client is concerned? To put it another way, can the private keys be exported more than once so long as they have not been spent? I'm hope I'm explaining myself clearly.

[I recently made my first Bitcoin purchase and I did so into an Electrum wallet, which I am currently keeping on an offline computer. I could not see my private keys anywhere and was unsure that I'd received them and so I exported them to the CSV file purely to ascertain that I had, in fact, received them. (I would not do so on any future purchases, now that I'm confident that the private keys would be there to be generated from the seed since they are plainly more secure unexported from an encrypted wallet than on a CSV file, but, hey, my first time and no evidence or explanation that I indeed had received them ...] - Terrylei


texts: How could BTC be used and transacted on a daily basis without physical theft?

texts:
I just feel a gaping hole in my logic, or maybe a duplicate question, so I'm prepared to quickly remove this question.

I was wondering how theft could be prevented in an economy that relies primarily on a cryptocurrency such as BTC. I own BTC, so I was wondering if someone believed that I had Bitcoin and wanted to rob me (perhaps at gunpoint), what would prevent him/her from exhausting all the money I have until he/she believes I have no money left? Again, this is supposing that this is in an economy that hypothetically gotten to the point that it relies primarily on Bitcoin and it would not be uncommon to find a BTC user by choosing at random. Would some sort of a third-party transaction-handler securely transact BTC in some way that would prevent theft? I can't seem to figure this one out.


texts:
Is the following definition of blockchain by its wikipwdia page correct?

Where it is mentioned:

  A blockchain is a decentralized, distributed and public digital ledger
  ...

Cannot we have a private blockchain? And if so, is the above proposition wrong ? when it says always a blockchain is public.

An example: Consider a company or organization which aims at using (permissioned) blockchain such that it is visible only for its (internal) employees. So, it uses ex. visibility property of blockchain but limited only to internal employees.

Please Note that here the question is NOT if using a permissioned blockchain is logical or not, but also the question is the exact definition of a blockchain. So, according to definition of blockchain in its wikipedia page, a permissioned blockchain is real blockchain?


texts: special block version or is my data corrupt?

texts:
I've recently written my own blockchain parser. It works well (yay!) up to a certain block and then fails because the data read is pure nonsense.

I've tracked down the error away from my code to the data on the disc and I get the same result if I parse the file only using a sheet of paper and a hex editor. Even after deleting the file and executing  bitcoind -reindex  I still get the same erroneous results.

My question is if anybody can reproduce this or if my data is still corrupted somehow. Maybe I just need to delete all files and let bitcoind create them again?

My findings:

blk00622.dat causes the trouble
Problem still exists after deleting blk00622.dat and running bitcoind -reindex (according to diff the new file equals the old one)
The last ok block is block #428949 (at file address 0x7B748DF).
I have no problem parsing it with my hex editor, I get the same results as shown here: https://blockchain.info/de/block-index/1144703
The erroneous block begins at file address 0x7C68AB3
It starts with  F9 BE B4 D9 41 0F 0F 00 F9 BE B4 D9*

F9 BE B4 D9 is the block's magic number and 41 0F 0F 00 is the block size. The strange thing here is that the following version number again equals the magic number (which makes me thing that maybe my data is still corrupt). The remaining data of the block makes no sense,
for example the time field points to 03/04/1948 ..

Edit: Please see the comments below for an URL to the file (I am not allowed to put more than 2 links in here unfortunately).

Thanks!

*see https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Block


texts: How to determine valid vanity address prefixes for any starting net byte?

texts:
Question inspired by this.

There are some combinations letters that will never produce a valid vanity address prefix for various network bytes. For example, for net byte of 52 (Namecoin), one cannot create addresses starting with

Na, Nb, Nc, Nd, Ne, Nf, Ng, Nh, Ni, Nj, Nk, Nm, Nn, No, Np, Nq, Nr, Ns, Nt, Nu, Nv, Nw, Nx, Ny, Nz, NL, NM, NN, NP, NQ, NR, NS, NT, NU, NV, NW, NX, NY, NZ

Given websites like Vanity Pool that outsource vanity address creation, creating a blacklist of address prefixes for every net byte would be a complicated task. How can one determine a valid range of address prefixes that can be created with any given net byte?


texts: Is a multisignature transaction propagated through the Network before it accumulates enough signatures?

texts:
An N-of-M multisignature Transaction requires to be signed by N addresses to be a valid transaction. I would like to know whether the Bitcoin Protocol would transmit a Transaction with less than N signatures through the Network in order for it to reach the other parties holding the remaining addresses, or would it be rejected?

The problem essentially boils down to whether one can reliably use the Bitcoin Network to initiate N-of-M Transactions and let them reach the other parties on their Clients, or would the Transaction need to be transmitted outside of the Network first, signed by the N addresses, and only then broadcast through the Network?


texts: How do I go about installing a Bitcoin daemon in CentOS Linux?

texts:
I am trying to setup a Drupal e-commerce solution with a payment gateway of accepting Bitcoins during checkout, but I need a bitcoin daemon installed. How do I go about installing the Bitcoin daemon in my CentOS installation?

Is there a step-by-step guide on what I need to type to install this? It would be great if it can be installed via a package manager in CentOS. apt-get doesn't seem to work for me.


texts: How much data does it take to prove a given transaction exists on the blockchain?

texts:
As I understand the SVP protocol, a client can be reasonably certain that a transaction has been accepted on the blockchain if they know it is a member of a certain block, via the Merkle path, and a reasonable number of blocks have been mined on top of that block.

How much total data would that be, roughly?  I guess if you were beginning with 0 knowledge, you would need all of the block headers, beginning from the genesis block?  But once you are convinced you are looking at the head of the right chain, you could discard all of the ancient block headers, and just save a recent one as a trusted starting point to evaluate subsequent transactions?

I guess the premise of my question is faulty, as a fake transaction could always be embedded in a fake chain, if enough computing resources were available.  So, there is no amount of data that insures a transaction is valid, without access to other information, e.g., what is the longest chain currently in existence.

A better question for my purposes would be how much would the electricity cost to create one fake block header at today's difficulty level?  Figuring that blockchain currently pays around $60K to mine one block, I would guess it must be in that order of magnitude, though smaller since we are removing the race condition.


texts:
I have got the api working and i can run commands like

access = AuthServiceProxy("http://root:123@127.0.0.1:8332")
access.getinfo()

However not sure how to use more complicated commands such as:
move "fromaccount" "toaccount" amount ( minconf "comment" )

Tried something like this, but i get a syntax error in python.

name = "bob"
name2 = "sam"
balance = 0.0001
access.move(name name2 balance)

Doing it like this i get JSONRPCException:

name = "bob"
name2 = "sam"
balance = 0.0001
access.move('%s' '%s' '%s'), (name, name2, balance)

Any help appreciated.


texts: Read the "value" being redeemed in a Bitcoin P2SH Script

texts: Is there any way for a Bitcoin P2SH Script to read the amount of Satoshis being redeemed?


texts: Why is a softfork unable to divide the network?

texts: I was wondering why a soft fork cannot in principle divide the Bitcoin network as a hard fork can.  I understand that a soft fork, by definition, involves only tightening the consensus rules, but the result will still be two different sets of consensus rules.  If some nodes consider a block or transaction valid and others consider it invalid, a network divide should be possible regardless of which side's consensus rules are newer.  The roles of each side in the division would simply be the reverse of the hard fork case.


texts: When we buy coins from Coinbase, where do they get the coins from?


texts: Bitcoin mining: internet connection status?

texts:
How much bandwidth consumption can I expect per 13 Thash/s rig (Pooled). I'm Buying an s9 antminer, and i live in lebanon ( bad connection ).what do u guys advise me to do?
Does the internet speed affect ? What the speed required in order to mine correclty? How much data does it use monthly ?
Note: Assuming that i ll mine 24/7
Thank you so much!


texts:
I am a newbie to Bitcoin.
Looking at

curl https://blockchain.info/unspent?active=1Cdid9KFAaatwczBwBttQcwXYCpvK8h7FK

I guess that the script is the owner's address.I am not sure about this.

"unspent_outputs":[

        {
            "tx_hash":"f2c245c38672a5d8fba5a5caa44dcef277a52e916a0603272f91286f2b052706",
            "tx_hash_big_endian":"0627052b6f28912f2703066a912ea577f2ce4da4caa5a5fbd8a57286c345c2f2",
            "tx_index":47854970,
            "tx_output_n": 1,
            "script":"76a9147f9b1a7fb68d60c536c2fd8aeaa53a8f3cc025a888ac",
            "value": 8450000,
            "value_hex": "0080efd0",
            "confirmations":258278
        },

What do tx_hash,tx_hash_big_endian,tx_index,tx_output_n and value stand for?


texts: Transfer Crypto Currency between exchanges

texts: How do I transfer BTC from one exchange to the other?


texts: How often should I back up my wallet if I use Bitcoin-Qt client?

texts:
I am new to bitcoin and the first client I installed was Bitcoin-Qt (Bitcoin Core v0.9.3.0-gcea5e49-beta).

After installing and downloading the blockchain I immediately created a backup file. The other day I got my first bitcoins. Should I create a new backup file every time my wallet is updated (get more coins/spend coins) or its unnecessary (my first backup file contains all info needed for recovering all transaction history for my private key)?


texts:
http://www.bitfreak.info/files/pp2p-ccmbc-rev1.pdf

  This paper will describe the way in which these three mechanisms can
  work together to form a system which provides a high level of
  integrity and security, yet is much slimmer than all other purely P2P
  currencies. It also offers other potential benefits such as faster
  transactions and lower fees, quicker network synchronization, support
  for high levels of traffic, more  block space for custom messages, and
  increased anonymity

Has anyone analyzed the design and found it to be secure? My own primitive analysis didn't find any weaknesses, but I'm no cryptographer or security expert.


texts: Tracking payments sent to scammers, and what they do with the money

texts:
I am interested in tracking payments sent to known scammers, and tracing where that money goes.

Is there any website that compiles this information and shares it with others?


texts: Why is MtGox trying to trademark "Bitcoin"?

texts:
Someone on the #mtgox IRC channel pointed me to this. It seems to be an application by Tibanne Co. Ltd. for the Trademark name BITCOIN.

I asked MagicalTux on #mtgox about it, but got no answer.

Why is he doing this?


texts: Altcoin does not create .altcoin folder and debug.log

texts:
I changed the source code of bitcoin and I ran it. However, it gives the following error:

chainparams.cpp:140: CMainParams::CMainParams(): Assertion `hashGenesisBlock == uint256("0xxx")' failed.

Aborted (core dumped)

It also does not create .altcoin folder in home folder, so I cannot see debug.log. Why is this so?


texts: Just received a payment twice from coinbase

texts:
Edit: Looks like the error was with my wallet. When I contacted support, they said to have the wallet rescan the block chain. After doing that, my balance went back to 0.

I'm new to bitcoin, but something happened recently that confused me.

It seems one of two things has happened:

A. I received the same payment twice from coinbase.
B. I managed to completely forget a payment made into my wallet from another source.

Possibility A seems very unlikely... but I did receive a payment in my wallet on the 16th that BlockCypher says occurred on the 11th. (I can show the screenshot if anyone cares.)

Here is the rundown of all the transactions (in order) I know of.

I bought 0.02 bitcoin at coinbase.

On Nov 11 I sent 0.01 bitcoins to my desktop wallet. Transaction here.

On Nov 18 at 13:05 I sent most of that 0.01 to nice hash. Transaction here. (This seems strange to me now... I sent 0.00948.... I would have thought I would have just sent the full 0.01 I got from coinbase.)

Then I decided I would send some more to nice hash, so I withdrew the rest from my coinbase account. Transaction here.

After receiving it in my wallet, I sent everything in my wallet to nicehash. Transaction here. The version of the transaction at nicehash (receiving) is here.

So at this point I had (minus miner fees and such) sent 0.02 btc from coinbase to my wallet and then from my wallet to nice hash.

Then, right after I sent this money to Nice Hash, I see a receiving transaction in my wallet, but it is the original transaction from Coin base... the money I thought I had already sent to nice hash 6 days earlier.

So (as far as I can recall), I only paid for 0.02 bitcoin, and yet I have 0.01 bitcoin in my wallet and I have deposits into Nice Hash for 0.02.

I'm hoping someone who knows how to read the blockchain can indicate where the extra 0.01 came from. Unfortunately, my wallet only shows the two transactions from the 18th.


texts: How long does it take to go from 51% hash power to 100% hash power?

texts:
Once an attacker has acquired 51% hash power, is it possible to quickly get to 100% hash power by simply refusing to build on blocks created by other mining nodes and therefore discouraging mining entirely?

If 51% guarantees 100%, how quickly can this transition (from majority to total control) be expected to occur?


texts: Why bitcoin cash supply is currently 100k more than bitcoin on coinmarketcap (as of Oct 17)

texts: Is it a mistake or is there a significant difference in coins generated?


texts: Are there any pools or large miners running "child pays for parent" patch?

texts:
A feature available through pull #1647 gives the recipient of a transaction a method to help get a transaction to confirm.

This feature is called "child pays for parent", and what it means is that the recipient of a transaction can create a new transaction using funds from the unconfirmed transaction, but any fee paid would help get both transactions confirmed.

A scenario where this is useful is where a merchant requires that a transaction have three or six confirmations before the item will be shipped out, but the payment the customer made ended up being a low-priority transaction due to it including many Bitcoin "dust" inputs.  The merchant then creates a spend transaction using the funds received but pays a fee that will encourage miners to include both transactions.

Since this feature is not in the Bitcoin-Qt/bitcoind client, only miner pools that have a custom client that includes this pull will consider the fee paid by any child transactions when determining if a transaction should get included into a block.

Are there any miner pools or large solo miners who are running with this feature?


texts: How many coins will be available after bitcoin cash fork?

texts:
I am confused about bitcoin cash fork.

Will Bitcoin Cash disappear and its name change to the Bitcoin cash ABC? or after hash war there will be only one coin?


texts: P2WSH-MultiSig fails with documented OP_0 workaround

texts:
As per the note at Developer Guide - MultiSig and BIP147 when using OP_CHECKMULTISIG an OP_0 needs to be prefaced to the scriptSig to accommodate a bug in the original Bitcoin implementation.

If the same workaround is applied in a Witness Program the script seems to fail the SCRIPT_FLAGS_VERIFY_NULLDUMMY check. What's the correct way to add the OP_0 to a MultiSig Witness Program? Adding an OP_0 as per the sample below results in a final stack element containing 0x00 which fails the check.

auto aliceKeyData = ParseHex("bbc27228ddcb9209d7fd6f36b02f7dfa6252af40bb2f1cbc7a557da8027ff866");
CKey aliceKey{};
aliceKey.Set(aliceKeyData.begin(), aliceKeyData.end(), true);
CPubKey alicePubkey = aliceKey.GetPubKey();

auto keyData = ParseHex("619c335025c7f4012e556c2a58b2506e30b8511b53ade95ea316fd8c3286feb9");
CKey bobKey{};
bobKey.Set(keyData.begin(), keyData.end(), true);
CPubKey bobPubKey = bobKey.GetPubKey();

CScript redeemScript = CScript{} << OP_1 << ToByteVector(alicePubkey) << ToByteVector(bobPubKey) << OP_2 << OP_CHECKMULTISIG;
uint256 redeemScriptHash{};
CSHA256().Write(redeemScript.data(), redeemScript.size()).Finalize(redeemScriptHash.begin());
CScript scriptPubkey = CScript{} << OP_0 << ToByteVector(redeemScriptHash); // P2WSH

int amount = 600000000;

CScript scriptSig;
CScriptWitness scriptWitness;
CMutableTransaction tx = BuildFundingTransaction(scriptSig, scriptWitness, amount);

uint256 coinZeroSigHash = SignatureHash(redeemScript, tx, 0, SIGHASH_ALL, amount, SIGVERSION_WITNESS_V0);

CScript op0Script = CScript{} << OP_0;

std::vector<uint8_t> coinZeroBobSig{};
bobKey.Sign(coinZeroSigHash, coinZeroBobSig, 0);
coinZeroBobSig.push_back(SIGHASH_ALL);

CScriptWitness& witness = tx.vin[0].scriptWitness;
witness.stack.push_back(ToByteVector(op0Script));  // <-- Results in 0x00 stack element in Witness Program.
witness.stack.push_back(ToByteVector(coinZeroBobSig));
witness.stack.push_back(ToByteVector(redeemScript));

CDataStream txSpendingStm(SER_NETWORK, PROTOCOL_VERSION);
txSpendingStm << tx;
std::cout << "Spending Tx: " << CTransaction(tx).ToString() << std::endl;

bitcoinconsensus_error err;
auto spendCoinZeroResult = bitcoinconsensus_verify_script_with_amount(scriptPubkey.data(), scriptPubkey.size(), amount, (const unsigned char*)&txSpendingStm[0], txSpendingStm.size(), 0, bitcoinconsensus_SCRIPT_FLAGS_VERIFY_ALL, &err);
std::cout << "Spend Coin Zero result: " << spendCoinZeroResult << ", error code " << err << std::endl;

One trivial fix is to add an empty vector to the Witness Program stack rather than an OP_0, such as by using witness.stack.emplace_back() instead of witness.stack.push_back(ToByteVector(op0Script)), but is that likely to cause any other issues?


texts: Reserve the connection for local wallets

texts:
I run a Bitcoin daemon on my LAN server that is connected to the Internet, and would like to use one or more Bitcoin wallets on local workstations that would connect only to my daemon. This initially works (connect=IP in wallet's bitcoin.conf), but when the daemon reaches the maxconnections, local wallets can't connect until the daemon is restarted so all the existing connections are closed.

Is there a way to permit local clients to connect to the daemon regardless of maxconnections parameter, or to somehow reserve few "slots" to particular local IP addresses?

Thanks!


texts:
I see lots of people talking about buying bitcoins, mining bitcoins, but no one spending.
Maybe I am getting it wrong, but unless I can get paid with bitcoins, this seems to be pointless in my perspective.

I know how to get paid in bitcoins, but that's not what I am asking, so, as a freelancer sysadmin and developer, where can I get paid in bitcoins? How can I find clients willing to pay me with bitcoins?


texts: how is the private/public keypair for spent bitcoins connected to the private/public keypair which corresponds to my address?

texts:
Spending bitcoins costs me to sacrifice (i.e. can only be used once) a private/public keypair, am I right?

Receiving does not use up a private/public keypair, am I right?

Creating a new address also uses up a private/public keypair, right?

Question

When I spend bitcoins, how is this connected to my address, if it uses a new private/public keypair everytime, that has nothing to do with the original keypair of my address?


texts: When and how does bitcoin node sync itself?

texts:
When does bitcoin node sync itself?

Do different types of sync in bitcoin exist (initial, periodic...)?


texts: Unable to view coinbase transactions on blockchain.com

texts:
I'm trying to view some of the transactions I've made on coinbase on blockchain.com. I copied  my btc wallet address from coinbase and searched it on blockchain.com -- nothing showed up.
Why is this the case?
Per my understanding, given that coinbase stores my btc inside blockchain-powered wallets after I buy them, I should have been able to see all of my transactions.


texts: Does "fail the channel" mean unilateral close in BOLTS?

texts:
The BOLTs frequently mentioned "fail the channel" when something unexpected is received or happens. For instance, when receiving an update_fulfill_htlc message, you should fail the channel if the received channel ID isn't known.
At this point, you would have money stuck in a channel, so does this mean you should try to close unilaterally, cooperatively, either? Is "fail the channel" defined in the bolts somewhere?


texts: Sent bitcoin with no history of transactions

texts: I sent 0.029044 bitcoins a few hours ago to this address 16CCgdxQ1qc89Yp2rZwzBx4Pfw83DtCyrP but don't see them yet. My account balance has become zero with no history of transactions. What should I do? Can I return the bitcoins? How to see a transaction if it is not in the history?


texts: How to store/export coins from bitcoind to papper wallet 'cold storage'

texts:
I have bitcoind 0.9.1 installed on my VPS debian server. I would like to store my coins via "cold storage", on paper wallets.

I read some articles over internet, but i don't know which one is usable/achievable in this case.

Could someone tell me some ideas how can i achieving cold storage via bitcoind.


texts: What Hash need for Signature verification?

texts:
When miners verifies a transaction, they make some calculations to check its Signature by using some Hash.

What Hash is used for Sig verification in Bitcoin Core?


texts: Is it possible to generate(mine) a block with specific transaction via bitcoin-cli on regtest?

texts:
I want to generate a block with specific transaction via bitcoin-cli on regtest.

The "generate" command does not have the option. It collects transactions in mempool by the default rule.

I guess I can do it with some code change like the following way but I don't want to change it if possible.

TestChain100Setup::CreateAndProcessBlock(const std::vector<CMutableTransaction>& txns, const CScript& scriptPubKey)
{
    const CChainParams& chainparams = Params();
    std::unique_ptr<CBlockTemplate> pblocktemplate = BlockAssembler(chainparams).CreateNewBlock(scriptPubKey);
    CBlock& block = pblocktemplate->block;

    // Replace mempool-selected txns with just coinbase plus passed-in txns:
    block.vtx.resize(1);
    for (const CMutableTransaction& tx : txns)
        block.vtx.push_back(MakeTransactionRef(tx));

https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/v0.17.1/src/miner.cpp#L147
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/v0.17.1/src/test/test_bitcoin.cpp#L155
https://bitcoincore.org/en/doc/0.17.0/rpc/generating/generate/


texts: How does a mix between Proof of Work/Stake work? (Peercoin)

texts:
I think I understand Proof of Stake and Proof of Work from a conceptual point now. For themselves both are good ideas for sure, but how would a crypto currency like Peercoin (PPC) combine both of them? I mean, when active clients are waiting for the stake and they are contesting against others, there are also at the same time the normal miners using Proof of Work, calculating hashes.
How is it then decided who will actuallly create and publish the next block? Some kind of prioritisation must be built into the currency. But then again, when some Proof of Work is done the block will have the threshold included for calculating the next hash. What is to be included by Proof of Stake clients?

I really hope to get how that connection works, that would be brilliant if someone could explain.

Thanks


texts: Is it "safe" to mine with your cpu on a laptop for a long time?

texts:
I am currently trying to use the CPUMINER program on a Chromebook (using Linux) with its CPU for educational purposes. The Chromebook has four cpu cores.

I would like to know if it is safe for the computer to be mining Bitcoins for a long time (ex: a whole day) using all four cores. Would the CPU be damaged? Should I only use some of the four?


texts: I'm trying to get my bitcoins that I bought years ago, but my Bitcoin QT never synchronized to receive! I have now downloaded bitcoin core and I was informed that once I did it should automatically simply transfer over, but it did not! So what are my options to get them back?


texts: Bitcoin transactions between two parties

texts:
Lets say bitcoin become a global currency which replace fiat money..
If someone (physically )is asking for bitcoins and its urgent and i don't  have phone to access the network and the one whos asking don't  have the phone also.how can this transaction be done.because with fiat money you could just take the money out of your pocket and give him


texts:
How to setup insight explorer and using its API?
https://github.com/bitpay/insight
Please your detail instruction to install and setup it.


texts: Do relay nodes need to have money in order to relay transactions?

texts:
Imagine Alice wants to send 0.5 btc to Bob. They both open channels with Carol, a relay node that has no money. They create single funded channels each of 1 btc.

Now Alice updates her channel to be 0.5 to her and 0.5 to Carol (nevermind LN fees for now).

To relay this 0.5 to Bob, Carol (the relay node) needs to update her channel with Bob to be also be 0.5 her and 0.5 Bob. But she doesn't have any money on her side to do this. All the money is on Bob's side -- as I said earlier, Carol doesn't have any money.

What's the workaround for this? Do relay nodes need to have money to relay transactions?


texts: How can I check a public master address balance?

texts:
I have an extended public key, I need to check it's balance (I have no connection to wallet), is there a third party service for that ?
Edit: This is not a bitcoin address. This generates multiple new addresses each time and I want a method to check the total balance given only the master public key .


texts: Which language has better Bitcoin API experience, C# or Node.js?

texts:
At the moment it seems to me on the .NET side NBitcoin would compete with Bitcoin.js on the other.

Update: I decided on NBitcoin. It has a great book to learn from.
Note I will not form opinion on my question, I contributed a great chunk of this book, so I would be biased.


texts: Is there a recommended maximum number of transactions any one address should ever receive?

texts: The pool I am with has sent about twenty transactions to one address I gave as a 'send to' addy. Could this one address just go on and on taking more and more of these transactions? A hundred of them? Ten thousand?


texts: what to do if I found a fraudulent wallet?

texts:
I was scammed via bitcoin and the scammers' wallet is currently holding 98 stolen bitcoins (from several victims). the amount is unspent in the current wallet . is there anything to do? I went to the police but can I report the wallet some ware ? Write to anyone ? Find out in what exchange does the wallet sit?
This is the hash of the fraud wallet : 115906bc83bebc7511a2c497961e87e7fc3783b2ae5645e4605f9adad4571847


texts: Why is the winner of Pow different everytime?

texts:
I just read about how miners have to change the nonce bit in order to find an hash below a certain result.

Granted each miner process it the same way, incrementally, adding 1 and hashing, adding one and hashing, what prevents the most powerful computer on the network to snatch all rewards?

I feel like beside the moment each miner starts mining a block, there's no room for luck and a lesser powerful machine, to ever add a block.


texts: Are there any other brain wallet generators like warp wallet?

texts: I'm looking for brain wallet implementations like warp wallet. Are there other brain wallet implementations that involve stressing the computer in order to generate a bitcoin address?


texts: How fast is the NXT blockchain growing in 2014?

texts: Is there a place that where I can find out how fast the NXT blockchian is growing? I'm curious because its this year (2014) where a bunch of nxt features came into the scene and was wondering how one would monitor the growth size of the blockchain from month to month. This can give me a good idea of nxt usage and adoption.


texts: Is there any Litecoin testnet explorer which records Litecoin testnet transactions? Where can a Litecoin testnet wallet be downloaded? Any reference or step by step explanation would be much appreciated.


texts:
So I had some BTC in a Multibit HD wallet (from 2014) and in October 2017 I transferred it to an Electrum wallet as I had learned that MultibitHD was no longer being supported. I just learned about BCH, and was wondering if there was some way I could gain access to the BCH. Unfortunately, I do not know the seed phrase for my now-empty multibit HD wallet, but I do have everything for the Electrum wallet.

UPDATE: I think I found the seed phrase for the MultibitHD wallet!


texts: I have a blockchain.info wallet. Last night I decided to set up a wallet for my daughter so I signed out of my account. Created one for her and then had difficulty signing in to mine, I had about 8 attempts then gave up. I then noticed in my email I had an email from blockchain telling me of each of the failed attempts which was me. I then managed to get into my wallet and 99% of my BTC had gone. Is this a security feature or has someone stolen them? Thanks. I have checked the new wallet in case they were there but sadly they are not.


texts: Passing a wallet to rpcwallet in bitcoind JSON RPC

texts:
I want to set a wallet as default wallet in the commands that run with json-rpc calls. the -rpcwallet=blah sets the blah wallet as the wallet which command will run on it; how can I simulate the similar thing with sending a JSON-RPC request?

When I sending the request, for example curl --user myusername --data-binary '{"jsonrpc": "1.0", "id":"curltest", "method": "getwalletinfo", "params": [] }' -H 'content-type: text/plain;' http://127.0.0.1:8332/, but it run on default wallet. how can I pass the wallet as a parameter in my request?


texts: bitcoin fork getblocktemplate keeps reporting downloading blocks

texts:
I got my own hard fork of bitcoin from forkgen.tech.
The fork has happened after block 506016.

I have 2 nodes running and after syncing up to block 506016, I want to run a pool server.

But the getblocktemplate command keeps returning:

error code: -10
error message:
MyCoin is downloading blocks...

Also getpeerinfo returns:

"id": 0,
"addr": "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:37912",
"addrlocal": "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:6703",
"addrbind": "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:6703",
"services": "000000000000000d",
"relaytxes": true,
"lastsend": 1517579099,
"lastrecv": 1517579099,
"bytessent": 1783,
"bytesrecv": 1807,
"conntime": 1517578379,
"timeoffset": 0,
"pingtime": 0.001438,
"minping": 0.000366,
"version": 70015,
"subver": "/MyCoin:0.15.0.1/",
"inbound": true,
"addnode": false,
"startingheight": 506016,
"banscore": 0,
"synced_headers": -1,
"synced_blocks": -1,
"inflight": [
],
  "whitelisted": false,
  "bytessent_per_msg": {
  "feefilter": 32,
  "getheaders": 1021,
  "ping": 224,
  "pong": 224,
  "sendcmpct": 66,
  "sendheaders": 24,
  "verack": 24,
  "version": 168
},
  "bytesrecv_per_msg": {
  "feefilter": 32,
  "getaddr": 24,
  "getheaders": 1021,
  "ping": 224,
  "pong": 224,
  "sendcmpct": 66,
  "sendheaders": 24,
  "verack": 24,
  "version": 168
}

Whereby the values synced_headers and synced_blocks should not be -1. The mining pool software complains about this and the blockTemplate and does not start but keeps on waiting for the synced headers and blocks.

Does anyone know what's going on and how to fix this?
Or what further checks I can do to confirm my fork is running correctly.

I am an experience programmer but have no knowledge of c++ but I do know C# and Javascript.

For reference here is the blockchaininfo:

{
  "chain": "main",
  "blocks": 506016,
  "headers": 506016,
  "bestblockhash":"shortened by OP because this value was too long",
  "difficulty": 2603077300218.593,
  "mediantime": 1516861026,
  "verificationprogress": 1,
  "chainwork": "shortened by OP because this value was too long",
  "pruned": false,
  "softforks": [
    {
      "id": "bip34",
      "version": 2,
      "reject": {
        "status": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bip66",
      "version": 3,
      "reject": {
        "status": true
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bip65",
      "version": 4,
      "reject": {
        "status": true
      }
    }
  ],
  "bip9_softforks": {
    "csv": {
      "status": "active",
      "startTime": 1462060800,
      "timeout": 1493596800,
      "since": 419328
    },
    "segwit": {
      "status": "active",
      "startTime": 1479168000,
      "timeout": 1510704000,
      "since": 481824
    }
  }
}


texts: Why does the bitcoin mining code have the same if statement twice?

texts:
From the v0.9.3 miner.cpp source (https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/v0.9.3/src/miner.cpp#L598-L604):

if (GetTimeMillis() - nHPSTimerStart > 4000)
{
    static CCriticalSection cs;
    {
        LOCK(cs);
        if (GetTimeMillis() - nHPSTimerStart > 4000)
        {
        ....

Why is the same if statement "if (GetTimeMillis() - nHPSTimerStart > 4000)" executed twice? GetTimeMillis() can only go up, so it seems like if the first one is true, then the second statement can only ever evaluate to true as well, and is useless. I'm assuming this is not entirely correct, though, and am also assuming it has something to do with the CCriticalSelection, but would like to understand the nature of it better.

Thanks!


texts: How many peers do you need to securely synchronize with the blockchain?

texts: What is the minimum number of peers required to securely synchronize my local blockchain copy?


texts: Howto scale thousands of bitcoin accounts properly with bitcoind deamon?

texts:
It is said in the bitcoin wiki that:

  The accounts code does not scale up to thousands of accounts with tens of thousands of transactions, because by-account (and by-account-by-time) indices are not implemented.
  So many operations (like computing an account balance) require accessing every wallet transaction.

so my question is, what solution would be acceptable to implement a program who would be in charge of thousands of account (like an e-wallet).

My first guess would be to run multiple bitcoind instances, in order to keep the account by daemon ratio under a certain limit.

Any other idea ?


texts: How to check if my node is fully sync'ed

texts: Using bitcoin-cli, how do I check how sync'ed my full node is?


texts: what countries accept and refuse BTC as money?

texts:
I am thinking where to find list what countries refuse or accept bitcoin as money?

I read Denmark doesn't make tax for BTC because it is not accepted by the state as money. it has and legal consequences, if exchanger disappear with bitcoins, he will not go to the prison because he didn't steal money. as I see, mtgox took money, 100M bucks, and they are not in the prison.


texts: Can I prove a double spend attempt with a signed tx with same input?

texts:
I am designing an cross-chain atomic swap in a custom blockchain - Protoblock. I think it can be done as long as Protoblock knows how to parse p2pkh bitcoin transactions. The critical part is being able to "reverse" things when it sees a double spend.

Alice has 1 Bitcoin
Bob has 100 Fantasybit
Alice will swap 1 BTC for Bobs 100 FB

Step1) Bob signs a Protoblock "Swap" transaction(TX1a) that contains an unsigned bitcoin transaction(TX1b) that must have 1. a ScriptSig input with p2pkh from Alice(bitcoin-address) and 2. a p2pkh output to Bob(bitcoin-address)

Step2) 100 FB of Bobs is locked for 24 hours or until...

Step3) a Protoblock transaction(TX2a) is seen that contains the signature for TX1b and TXID(TX1a)

Step4) 100 FB is transferred to Alice and is locked for 24 hours or until...

Step5) a Protoblock transaction(TX3a) is seen that contains a signed bitcoin transaction(TX2b) that has 1. the same ScriptSig input(s) with p2pkh from Alice(bitcoin-address) as TX1b and 2. an output that is NOT a p2pkh output to bob(bitcoin-address)

Step6) 100 FB is sent back to Bob, the same state as before Step1

The reason for Step5 is that, a signed bitcoin transaction is not enough to prove that Bob received the bitcoin from Alice, because Alice could just sign the transaction, but not spend it to bitcoin, and just double spend it.

However, Bob will see that Alice spent the input and will create TX3a that gives him back his 100 Fantasybit. In fact, anyone can be watching bitcoin and create TX3a as a service for Bob.

Question: is there a way that Alice can spend the same inputs from TX1b, that will be undetectable with above algo?

Note: the bitcoin transaction with the outputs for the TX1b inputs, will be created by the wallet software doing the atomic swap. So Alice will first have to send her 1 Bitcoin to herself to make sure its a simple p2pkh. Here is the Protoblock code that creates the p2pkh outputs and bitcoin tx:

https://github.com/SatoshiFantasy/--skillSale/blob/4e59f50b7555527046804418d6483b0df1933637/share/fantasybit-core/FantasyAgent.cpp#L444

https://github.com/SatoshiFantasy/--skillSale/blob/4e59f50b7555527046804418d6483b0df1933637/share/fantasybit-core/FantasyAgent.cpp#L525


texts: How many change outputs are there in a Bitcoin transaction

texts:
I have been reading the following article:
https://coinmetrics.io/difficulty-estimating-chain-transaction-volume/

It mainly discusses how unreliable transaction volume on a UTXO blockchain such as Bicoin is due to factors like change outputs, exchanges making transactions and coin mixing.

My question is related to change outputs in particular. If one sends someone a 5 BTC output, from a 20 BTC input they would receive, there would be a 15 BTC change return to the address of the sender.

So what I ask is, for transactions with more than one output, can we assume that one of the outputs is always change? Wallets would not construct transactions where they split the change to multiple addresses of the sender, would they? Is the only concern then, whether the output is indeed change or it is value that is being sent over to another recipient?


texts: Can people associate one blockchain address with another?

texts:
I am using blockchain wallet to store some BTCs. Blockchain allows us to create multiple addresses as such:

If I give two different addresses in the same account to someone, will he be able to identify that both of the addresses belong to me?

For example, without the image above, if I tell you the addresses:

17bbyAreAzGhenHspBCC6uDmUvqpbHWDF7
12oVDoEA2DFX84LbVPZ3ZXA7U67JLFmWzX
1GQME6s1AmPPEYWz2KSuKsCsPp5DDZTCRY
1Ptxf11p5ZgM4UB7kSSZJ2y68gVPsgUHin
13v5W1QN1uR7ndzvfN3JAnVa8wHJcGHhTQ
1B9j5KLD1mXRcbDDYRxSXn1SwU1BtCZfZ

Will you know that at least two of the addresses are owned by the same person?


texts:
I know a Chinese citizens have a limit of 50 thousand dollars they can send abroad, yearly. I was wondering if it is possible to buy bitcoins in an exchange like btcchina and then sell them back in another exchange like bitstamp to receive cash in an European bank account. If it is possible, is there a limit ? Any regulation problem ?

Sorry if it has been answered already, but I couldn't find this specific thread.

Thank you.


texts:
Playing around with Bitcoin Core Client v0.18.0, I used this command:

$ bitcoin-cli sendtoaddress "mozazucvLK179u41bF5Vd2Agp4wsm7HsPo" 0.1

which created
this transaction.

I noticed that the transaction created consumed three inputs, even though there were UTXOs of the exact amount available.

Looking for the UTXO selection algorithm, I came across the Bound Coin Selection Algorithm, but I'm not really familiar with the codebase.

Is this the only coin selection algorithm used by the client? Can someone explain how does it work?


texts: How does Ripple solve the double-spend problem?

texts: How does the Ripple system solve the double-spend problem? Does it also use some block-chain-like entity that officially dictates which transactions are confirmed and which are not, or does it use some other clever mechanism?


texts: Is there some method how you can calculate the balance of an address without resorting to web-based API's? When I import a private key the rescanning of bitcoind takes hours. I know to get a balance you would need to iterate over all transactions in the whole chain, but maybe there is still some optimization possible.


texts: Is there a service that can track how a coin flows from one wallet to another visually?

texts:
I sent some coins to an address and would like to track how these coins are flowing into other wallets. Is there a service that shows this visually? My main point is that I want to know if these coins were sent to a flagged or known  address at some endpoint.

Currently blockchain.info i can only see 1 address at a time. It would be great if there was a graphical tool that shows how the coins get dispersed and spent.

I'm curious as I sent some coins from coinbase to an address and I don't want to get my coinbase account banned if someone else down the line is using it to buy stuff on the dark market.


texts: How do I generate a bootstrap file on Ubuntu?

texts:
I would like to generate a Bitcoin and Dogecoin (qt) bootstrap file on my ubuntu machine. Is there any way to do this? I know it's possible with Windows but I'm on Ubuntu.
Thanks.


texts: Problem with data redundancy in block chain

texts:
Since the copy of same data is storedon each node in network. Does it use storage space to store same data on each node?

If yes then how the data is decentralised. It is just a large network of centralised database.

Any help would be appreciated.


texts: I transferred my Bitcoin from my Exodus desktop wallet to another location. How can I find out, if possible, the exchange I sent it to that has my account? Is there any way to see the transaction code to find out what exchange my BTC is sitting on? Thanks.


texts: What is a hallmark node in NXT (nxtcoin)?

texts: What is the purpose of a hallmark node for NXT?


texts: Will fees be charged when importing a key to my wallet?

texts:
When the option to import/export keys is implemented, will fees be charged in this kind of transaction?

My friend exports a key from their wallet with 2 BTC.
My friend sends me this exported key by email.
I receive the key and import it to my wallet.


texts: Amount for transaction on Blockchain not the same as what I sent

texts:
Thank you in advance for taking the time to answer my question!
I am new to Bitcoin, and although not a computer programmer I have recently done a deep dive into learning how it works, and am admittedly amazed with all its nuances -- the 4-year halvings, 21 million hard cap, difficulty level adjustment, hash rates, sha-256, etc. and the incentive structure is very well designed for sound money in my humble opinion.
Recently for curiosity, I tried to locate one of my transactions on memepool.space and found the transaction but it was a higher amount than what I sent (including the fee). For example I sent, say, 0.0005 BTC with 0.00005 fee for total of 0.00055 BTC. However, there was another combined amount listed below this amount of, say, 0.0004 showing the total sent to be 0.00095 BTC. This was sent via a Ledger Nano S to another Ledger Nano S private wallet and within the Live Ledger software it all shows the correct amounts of 0.00055 sent and the other shows 0.0005 received.
I hope all this is making sense. My question is what exactly is happening in this transaction and why there would be a substantially higher amount sent and who's might this 0.0004 extra BTC belong to?
Any insight you could offer about what is happening with this, I would appreciate very much. Thank you!


texts: How does the GreenAddress refill (relock) work when its nLockTime expires?

texts:
Ok, I understand that GreenAddress wallet uses a nLockTime transaction to put the funds in a 2of2 wallet, to give the user the peace of mind that, in the case their server disappears, they can still have access to the funds.

Now I'm interested to know how does the refill work exactly? I've read somewhere that if you make a transaction before the nLockTime expires, your transaction is automatically re-locking funds? How is this possible technically?

Thanks


texts: Can we use a Paper Private Key that has been loaded in the Bitcoin client?

texts:
Okay, I want to start offering Bitcoin as a payment option on my e-commerce site. For now, I just want to keep it simply as an option for those overseas customers who don't have credit cards/PayPal so I don't anticipate a high number of transactions. I have gone to Bitaddress.org to generate a bulk wallet, I have loaded the private keys (together with the related public address) on a USB drive and on an old non-networked computer. I plan to email a new Bitcoin address to each customer that wants to pay by Bitcoin. I have loaded a list of these addresses into bitcoinmonitor.net so once a customer pays I get an email notification after 4 confirmations and then I can ship out the product.

2 Questions:

How can I install Bitaddress.org on my non-networked computer so I can generate future paper keys without even being online, for added security? I know it's possible, but if anyone can help with a step by step would be great.
I do have the regular Bitcoin client. Eventually I may want to consolidate all these coins into one wallet but still be secure. So I figured I could then import all these private keys into the wallet that is part of the Bitcoin client (using these steps https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/How_to_import_private_keys_v7%2B). The question is does the private key somehow change upon import? To put it another way, if the computer which runs the Bitcoin client explodes, and I did not backup the wallet.dat file, am I still safe, because the private keys that are kept on my USB or even just written down can still be used? or did the action of importing the address somehow change the private key? If it is safe, I suppose there may still be a little loss of bitcoins if any "change" transactions created new addresses? Any help is appreciated (including any problems you see with my plan). I can't program (even html), but I am very excited about Bitcoin!


texts:
I'm trying to get my coins out of an old MultiBit classic wallet. I fired up Multibit classic and tried to send the funds to a new wallet. Unfortunately, my password wouldn't work. Damn.

But! I found this script on multibit's support forums. https://multibit.org/help/v0.5/help_lostOrForgottenPassword.html

#!/bin/bash
echo Usage: apply-guesses.sh [password CSV] [key file]
echo Password file: $1
echo Key file: $2
for password in $( awk -F , -v OFS=' ' '{print $3}' $1 ); do
   echo ------
   echo Attempting: $password...
   openssl enc -d -p -aes-256-cbc -a -in $2 -out recovered.key -pass pass:$password
   if [ $? -eq 0 ];
     then
       echo "Success!";
       break;
     else
       echo "Failed";
   fi
   echo ------
done

I ran the script using a csv of all my old bitcoin passwords and I got a success!

It returned this: (I changed all the numbers)

Attempting: password123
salt = 9823498243829374
key = 98237890238420938429830394850394
iv = 98743259384793847593844
Success!

But when I tried that password it still said it was incorrect. :(

But! it also created a file called recovered.key. I opened up the file and it was a bunch of badly encoded gibberish symbols like this: '¦ÀÌÁïûê¿^½”ß/øZÄÑQÛ,i¹´$'

I read somewhere that multibit keys are base 58 encoded so I encoded the recovered.key base 58 style and it became much more legible. Now I have a string of letters and numbers that's 611 characters long and starts with a '3'. Is this my private key?

I've been trying to import it into a new wallet in MultiBit classic, but no luck so far. I exported a private key from a new empty wallet and it looks like this: (I changed the key for this post)

# KEEP YOUR PRIVATE KEYS SAFE !
# Anyone who can read this file can spend your bitcoin.
#
# Format:
#   <Base58 encoded private key>[<whitespace>[<key createdAt>]]
#
#   The Base58 encoded private keys are the same format as
#   produced by the Satoshi client/ sipa dumpprivkey utility.
#
#   Key createdAt is in UTC format as specified by ISO 8601
#   e.g: 2011-12-31T16:42:00Z . The century, 'T' and 'Z' are mandatory
#
L1paCgWAYm2wzRfznmcoy5pbskdhShRVneAzBeuwaj244s7fr9nE 2017-09-04T21:54:32Z
# End of private keys

I swapped out the key in that wallet with my base58 recovered key, but it was a lot longer than this, and when I tried to import it it told me "Could not understand address in import file"

So... I have a really long string that I think is my private key, but I don't think it's in the right format. Also I might just be an idiot. Can anyone help me out?


texts: What money transmission licences are relevant to Bitcoin?

texts:
Tradehill was shutdown for various regulation issues, including not having the required money transmission licenses.

What were the money transmission licenses that were required?

What other compliance rules should be followed?


texts:
i am using electrum. First, I had a bitcoin address and I used it once to receive BTCs and then it changed. but new address is invalid.
i tired so many times. i checked all the options. but it was not OK.
what shall i do?
thank you


texts: Are there any smart contract systems that are self executing without the need to have an external process to initiate a smart contract?

texts: Doing some research on smart contract systems. I want to create a self executing smart contract that can monitor external data like say the weather from an api. Currently ethereum and other smart contract systems requires a separate entity to execute these smart contracts, otherwise they just sit there dormant. I can run a cron job every minute to pull down weather api data and if its sunny fire the smart contract, but that requires me to constantly have a server on. Are there other systems that doesn't require something like this or have a built in smart contract system that is "self executing" by detecting external data?


texts: How do exchange services provide forked coins to their customers for free?

texts:
I know we can get forked coins by donating to ICO teams but I don't think the exchange services donte to them.
So I really consider how to get forked coins for free


texts:
getnetworkinfo says IPv6 is working on my node:

{
"name" : "ipv6",
"limited" : false,
"reachable" : true,
"proxy" : "127.0.0.1:9050"
}

Yet why don't I get any IPv6 peers connecting to my node? Sometimes I get many connecting to it, but right now I have only IPv4 peers.


texts: Is mining using with cpu(some web sites) fake or not

texts:
There is a rule about every browser :
Browser can not access client's RAM-CPU-HARD DRIVE-WEB CAMERA-And other resources of client's machine.
Am i right?
So how some web sites do mining using client's cpu?
Are they scam or they are real?


texts: Can I change the bitcoin block-data directory from /home/user/.bitcoin/blocks to something else?

texts:
I have two users on my Linux system, daemonuser, which runs bitcoind and abeuser, which runs Abe.

Whenever I start Abe, I am told:

  Skipping datadir /home/daemonuser/.bitcoin/blocks: [Errno 13]
  Permission denied: '/home/daemonuser/.bitcoin/blocks/blk0001.dat'

Even after adding abeuser as a readable user on the /home/daemonuser/.bitcoin/blocks/ directory.

Would it be easier to keep bitcoin's blockdata in a public folder and read it from there for Abe's purposes?


texts: What encoding is "pubkey" from the JSONRPC validateaddress command?

texts:
I need to convert a public key into a form suitable for use with BouncyCastle.

To do this I open the debugger and write:

ListAddressGroupings

I then pick an address and write

validateaddress 1HQCZTfr7V7WAMUcVHM21TLfLoeQWEtNmS

And I get the result:

{
"isvalid" : true,
"address" : "1HQCZTfr7V7WAMUcVHM21TLfLoeQWEtNmS",
"ismine" : true,
"isscript" : false,
"pubkey" : "020ba3ebc2f55152df5653bb7aba6548f0615d67b072379bdd19e72bc63c052c50",
"iscompressed" : true,
"account" : "testDONOTUSE"
}

However I'm not sure what format this is in.

What is the encoding of JSON-RPC's validateaddress value named pubkey?

I am asking this question so that I can determine the "recId" value needed for signature recovery when a UTF8 message is signed.  In other words, I need convert the public key below into an array that I can use for that purpose.

Is there an easier or better way to get the pubkey from a given wallet?

Sample data

Base58: 1HQCZTfr7V7WAMUcVHM21TLfLoeQWEtNmS
Public: 020ba3ebc2f55152df5653bb7aba6548f0615d67b072379bdd19e72bc63c052c50

SignMessage: Test
Output: IITRv4NdcaIgXP7DDNOkOrShBiJkBFoBqjXJXozKNClHnwSmNK3+QbT7ypKTkcc0F5UPsUCef5+gqhTb8sBZLuQ=

Further attempts:

When I convert public value "020ba3ebc2f55152df5653bb7aba6548f0615d67b072379bdd19e72bc63c052c50" as hex to bytes using this method on SO, I get the column below on the left.  This is incorrect.  However when I extract the public key from the private key, I get a similar but different result on the right.

public static byte[] publicKeyFromPrivate(BigInteger privKey, bool compressed)
{
    X9ECParameters ecParams = Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.Sec.SecNamedCurves.GetByName("secp256k1");
    ECPoint point1 = ecParams.G.Multiply(privKey);
    return point1.GetEncoded(compressed);
}


texts: Where is the source code that allows new coins to be generated?

texts:
As per Bitcoin documentation, new coins are generated and brought into circulation when miner receive the reward.
I am not talking about existing coins that are collected at the time of mining.

Can somebody guide me, where exactly this generation of new coins takes place?


texts: Will every message x reach all connected peers in time t?

texts:
I've asked similar question here:
Is gossip protocol in Bitcoin perfect?
But I didn't get an answer to my question really. I am ideating a consensus algorithm and I need definitive answer.

Can we take for granted that if in time period t there were 10,000 connected peers (no new peers connecting, no peers disconnecting), all with good internet connection and hardware, then if every of those 10,000 peers originated one transaction (or any kind of message) to his peers, can we take for absolutely granted that eventually every single one of those 10,000 connected peers have in his mempool all 10,000 transactions, including his own and those of 9,999 other peers and absolutely no transaction will be missing in mempool of any of those nodes (they will all have same set of data)? If yes, and would could be estimated time (seconds, minutes, hours)?

And now: things like double-spends, transaction correctness, peers connecting and disconnecting from network, etc. that happens in real cryptocurrency systems are not relevant here - this is a theoretical question and a theoretical situation.


texts: How would changes to the Bitcoin protocol be decided upon? What constitutes a "majority"?

texts:
We know that the Bitcoin protocol can be updated at any time. Larger updates and hard forks can be difficult to push through, but as long as a majority of the Bitcoin community supports the update, it can happen.

However, it's unclear to me exactly what "majority" means. Which players have the most weight in the decision-making process?

Does it mean "a majority of holders of bitcoin"? If an update is so drastic that it would threaten confidence in Bitcoin, they would likely sell and would vote with their wallets. However, if the update isn't particularly drastic, currency holders would likely have no course of action. If they only use Coinbase, for example, they don't have a choice of which version of the protocol to use.
Does it mean a majority of people with software running a version of the Bitcoin protocol? Currency holders with wallets like Bitcoin-Qt? They decide which version to run.
Does it mean a majority of nodes? (This is distinct from #2, as a person running 10 nodes in this scenario would get 10 votes instead 1 vote). Someone can flood the network with nodes running the protocol, and if there is a hard fork, people may mistakenly check to see how many nodes support each version, basing their decision on that ratio.
Does it mean a majority of merchants? They can decide whether to continue accepting Bitcoin, and they decide whether to convert BTC immediately or to continue to hold it.
Does it mean a majority of mining power? The miners are the ones who decide which blocks to accept and work off of.
Does it mean a majority of the developers (weighted by their influence)? Some have pointed out that that Gavin has a lot of influence and could probably convince people to adopt a particular change, as long as the change is small enough. Are there ways for the developers to  surreptitiously exert control over the progression of the protocol?

I started wondering about this after I read the following question: How could the bitcoin protocol be changed? Has this ever occurred?

In the comments, @Muhd says:

  So it follows that changes will likely only be implemented and adopted if it benefits a large majority of participants. I suppose most security updates would qualify. Technically, isn't it the case that we only need a majority of miners (>50%) to switch over? Or does it require more than that?

@meni-rosenfeld responds:

  No, a majority of miners is irrelevant. If miners try to change the protocol on their own, they will simply be ignored by the rest of the network, and their "mining rewards" will be worthless. A change requires an economic majority - adoption by the users and businesses who give the currency value.

P.S. This question is important because there are certain protocol changes that would be good for some parties but bad for others. For example, increasing the block size would be good for payers, but bad for miners (it would be easier to get a transaction in the blockchain, so there'd be lower mining fees).


texts:
I am developing simple Bitcoin application using the bitcoinj library: The user enters the hash of a transaction and my application should return detailed information about that transaction.

How can I load that transaction? Is there a function like peer.getBlock() for transactions?