texts: My lnd node hasn't routed any payments (1 week + since initial setup)

texts:
So I finally setup a lightning node (lnd) and according to "feereport" I haven't routed any payments (no fees collected).  I have used my node to send payments (yalls, satoshis.place, blockstream...) and also received payments (from my own Eclair wallet) and that works fine (multi hop routes).  I also tried lowering the fees my node charges, still no luck.  I also (gave away) pushed some remote balance to some channels to make sure I had some out going routes.  Any ideas?  What is the expected average number of routed payments over some time interval (I know this depends but I no idea what other people are seeing)?

$ lncli listchannels | grep balance
            "local_balance": "99082",
            "remote_balance": "100000",
            "unsettled_balance": "0",
            "local_balance": "299082",
            "remote_balance": "0",
            "unsettled_balance": "0",
            "local_balance": "295312",
            "remote_balance": "34",
            "unsettled_balance": "0",
            "local_balance": "149082",
            "remote_balance": "150000",
            "unsettled_balance": "0",
            "local_balance": "145347",
            "remote_balance": "150000",
            "unsettled_balance": "0",
            "local_balance": "83940",
            "remote_balance": "261405",
            "unsettled_balance": "0",
            "local_balance": "99180",
            "remote_balance": "0",
            "unsettled_balance": "0",

$ lncli feereport | grep sum
    "day_fee_sum": "0",
    "week_fee_sum": "0",
    "month_fee_sum": "0"

$ lncli getnetworkinfo
{
    "graph_diameter": 0,
    "avg_out_degree": 5.5954773869346734,
    "max_out_degree": 509,
    "num_nodes": 1592,
    "num_channels": 8908,
    "total_network_capacity": "9685778073",
    "avg_channel_size": 1087312.311742254,
    "min_channel_size": "1050",
    "max_channel_size": "16777216"
}


texts: If there is a block-size hard fork, will the old chain have an advantage?

texts:
On his blog, Mircea Popescu claims the old chain will have an advantage:

The situation here is aggravated by the fact that the fork proposed is not simply nondeterministic behaviour, and so the holdings on the two chains aren't notionally equivalent. Instead, all the holdings on the Bitcoin chain are accepted as valid on both Bitcoin and Gavincoin, but holdings on Gavincoin are rejected by Bitcoin. Consequently, everyone involved with the fork is writing options to everyone in Bitcoin, free of charge.

He makes similar claims here:

    mircea_popescu: ben_vulpes if one block's large and the other small, all i need a tx that's included in the large block but not the small one. then doublespend it on the small one, which will be rejected necessarily by the large block blockchain.

    mircea_popescu: now i have bitcoin separated in two addresses, one for each chain.

    mircea_popescu: the attempt may fail, but the cost to me of this failure is not significant, so i can keep on trying until it succeeds.

    mircea_popescu: the only way to guard against it is, obviously,for the ."large" chain to maintain 1:1 identity with the "small" one. because you don't just fork bitcoin.,

    ben_vulpes: i still fail to see how you're going to make a txn that gets included in the large block chain and not the small block chain.

    artifexd: ben_vulpes: You don't. You keep sending money to yourself until it happens.

    mircea_popescu: ben_vulpes what do you mean ? it necessarily will occur.

    mircea_popescu: since one contains more txn than the other by definition.

    mircea_popescu: suppose i make 50k 1btc txn. they don't fit in a 1mn block. they do fit in a 10mb block. what now ?

I'm skeptical of these claims -- but how exactly is he wrong?


texts: Attack on bitcoin network with modified client?

texts:
Scenario:

Mallory, Alice and Bob found block on their farm.
They disconnect from internet, simulating split and change all of nodes in their segment to malicious.
Malicious nodes decrease complication of block founding, and dramatically outrace whole of world.
After a week, they restore original clients on their nodes and plug the network back.
Their chain bigger than world's and they gather total week's bounty 25,200 btc, more than 2,520,000 $.

Is it possible?

What part of code protect us? Raw code is appreciated.

Related question:

Is the Bitcoin protocol secure if two parts of the network have no connection?

Scenario: disaster splits the Internet into dozens unconnected fragments

What would happen if a portion of the Bitcoin network was separated from the rest of the network?

What's the impact of net-splits on block generation... over a long period of time?


texts:
An Undercutting attack as described in this paper, is a mining strategy which involves producing new blocks not on the longest known chain, but instead 'undercutting' the longest chain by building a block, which collects less of the available transactions' fees, on a shorter chain. This behavior creates a direct incentive for another miner to now build new blocks on the 'undercutting' chain as there exist a higher sum of transactions' fees for them to collect.

In the paper, the authors describe how this can lead to a situation in which a 51% attack can be successfully carried out with less than 51% of the hashing power of the network. This is enabled due to the undercutters orphaning blocks and lowering the effective hashing power of the network (the 51% attackers have an advantage as they needn't orphan their own blocks, but the honest or undercutting miners work at a cumulatively lower hash rate due to the potential orphaning of higher value blocks).

Are there any solutions which disincentivize Undercutting behavior? Or, can the behavior be mitigated through a change to the protocol?


texts:
I've been stupid..

I've sent ltc's from one wallet (litebit) to a bcc address from my other wallet (btc.com) by mistake.
The btc.com wallet only supports BTC and BCC

The address is 386BxgQy7samGg3L7adCDMEMW7ndEocDC7 and i can see the ltc's in this address by using blockcypher.

I have the recover pdf file from the btc.com wallet containing:
Wallet identifier (v3)
Encrypted primary seed (60 words)
Backup seed (24 words)
Encrypted recovery secret (60 words)
BTC wallet public key
Password encrypted secret (60 words)

I've tried contacting btc.com and they suggested using ltc-recovery.blocktrail.com which i did.. Result after implementing my seeds etc was:

------ Discover Wallet Funds

Scan for funds to recover from addresses in the wallet.

The first address of your wallet is: MSW5x2ggVAagygz24kWhP7PgZXCbFELP1S,
please provide this if you ever need to contact support about help using this tool.
No Funds Found

A balance of 0.00000000 LTC was found after searching 150 addresses. -----

For the rest btc.com isn't responding.
Note: I only used the wallet once and the first address (see above "outcome" from blocktrail) is different than the address now containing my ltc's?

I also tried "coinomi" wallet to restore a wallet using my btc.com seeds (i'm not sure which seeds to use, so i've tried them all) there is no error and the wallet opens every time, only with 0 ltc's.

I've found a simulair question on this site but with no solution:( It does talk about a private key, did i get a private key and didn't see it or is that something i can look up any where? A private key is not the same as my seeds or recovery secret is it? (Except for the public key, the seeds and secrets in my back up pdf are words)

Can i somehow acces the specific address containing my ltc's and a different wallet? I have the seeds from my btc.com wallet back up..

I'm a newbe at this and can sure use some help!!!?


texts: Can we assume that the ordering of vout matches n index in json rpc

texts:
Just a random transaction for example:

bitcoind getrawtransaction e16829044c498e1d1c8fa9dc831a7c96c3b74f55b984b54a7d48c4d0156ffcf5 1

Gives:

{
    ...
    "vout" : [
        {
            "value" : 0.09076500,
            "n" : 0,
            "scriptPubKey" : {
                "asm" : "",
                "hex" : "76a914cc4ac9ecfe26163f4e657e5ce9eee9947d0459b988ac",
                "reqSigs" : 1,
                "type" : "pubkeyhash",
                "addresses" : [
                    "1KdCSYosbepwC4yMKWziwM3ytqWfAGg1n8"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "value" : 0.00200000,
            "n" : 1,
            "scriptPubKey" : {
                "asm" : "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 04d075b3f501deeef5565143282b6cfe8fad5e94 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
                "hex" : "76a91404d075b3f501deeef5565143282b6cfe8fad5e9488ac",
                "reqSigs" : 1,
                "type" : "pubkeyhash",
                "addresses" : [
                    "1STRonGxnFTeJiA7pgyneKknR29AwBM77"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "value" : 0.00200000,
            "n" : 2,
            "scriptPubKey" : {
                "asm" : "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 42d163a80a1fb2579ba05c9dde70152cc1463b19 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
                "hex" : "76a91442d163a80a1fb2579ba05c9dde70152cc1463b1988ac",
                "reqSigs" : 1,
                "type" : "pubkeyhash",
                "addresses" : [
                    "176JSHRoCTo2jPMFy5ZMR9FHU4LbtZX6Jj"
                ]
            }
        },
        {
            "value" : 0.27422642,
            "n" : 3,
            "scriptPubKey" : {
                "asm" : "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 3871de7b4bd8c08048f8ac112790050406109cba OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
                "hex" : "76a9143871de7b4bd8c08048f8ac112790050406109cba88ac",
                "reqSigs" : 1,
                "type" : "pubkeyhash",
                "addresses" : [
                    "169TFWEpspsX9Xp5Hwq6bu5FyEe4syGu2f"
                ]
            }
        }
    ],
    "blockhash" : "00000000000000006053fc5faf2c099f30be416175488b34e947ea44480aae83",
    "confirmations" : 265,
    "time" : 1400729945,
    "blocktime" : 1400729945
}

My question is about the orders of the vout array.  Can we assume that the ordering matches "n"?  Ie.  The first vout has n=0, the second vout has n=1 etc.

The reason for asking is to take advantage of array index lookups instead of having to loop through looking for matching n values.


texts: Where and how is secp256k1 used within Bitcoin?

texts:
Bitcoin is unique that is uses secp256k1 to secure it's transactions; and any cryptographic attack against this algorithm is probably going to be percieved as an attack against the bitcoin network.

Where is this algorithm used and in what manner is it used?


texts: Transacting bitcoins while there are no Accept rules in iptables

texts:
Is it normal for the network to work without any ACCEPT rule? Because now my iptables have INPUT DROP, FORWARD DROP and OUTPUT DROP only port like ssh, http(s), 53 it's open.
I don't add any rule for port 8333 and 9333 but it works and if I telnet (with this tool http://www.adminkit.net/telnet.aspx) port  8333 or 9333 I have an error message

  Connection failed: A connection attempt failed because the connected
  party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established
  connection failed because connected host has failed to respond

I add here all iptables rules
http://notes.io/qZkF

I tried to send btc from external source and I received it. In bitcoin.conf I have

  rpcport=9333

Netstat -tulpn

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      19626/nginx.conf
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9333          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      3537/bitcoind
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2446/sendmail: MTA:
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:443             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      19626/nginx.conf
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5565            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2416/sshd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:11111           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      8575/php
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:3306          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2936/mysqld
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:587           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2446/sendmail: MTA:
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:11211         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2440/memcached
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8333            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      3537/bitcoind
tcp6       0      0 ::1:9333                :::*                    LISTEN      3537/bitcoind
tcp6       0      0 :::5565                 :::*                    LISTEN      2416/sshd
tcp6       0      0 :::8333                 :::*                    LISTEN      3537/bitcoind
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:11211         0.0.0.0:*                           2440/memcached

Last debug.log

2015-11-22 16:33:33 receive version message: /bitcoinseeder:0.01/: version 60000, blocks=230000, us=[xxxx:xxxx:x:xxxx::]:8333, peer=304
2015-11-22 16:34:01 ERROR: AcceptToMemoryPool: free transaction rejected by rate limiter
2015-11-22 16:34:01 keypool reserve 47
2015-11-22 16:34:01 keypool return 47
2015-11-22 16:34:11 receive version message: /bitcoinseeder:0.01/: version 60000, blocks=350000, us=[xxxx:xxxx:x:xxxx::]:8333, peer=305
2015-11-22 16:34:11 ERROR: AcceptToMemoryPool: free transaction rejected by rate limiter
2015-11-22 16:34:12 ERROR: AcceptToMemoryPool: free transaction rejected by rate limiter
2015-11-22 16:34:31 ERROR: AcceptToMemoryPool: free transaction rejected by rate limiter
2015-11-22 16:34:38 ERROR: AcceptToMemoryPool: free transaction rejected by rate limiter
2015-11-22 16:34:44 ERROR: AcceptToMemoryPool: nonstandard transaction: dust
2015-11-22 16:34:53 receive version message: /bitcoinseeder:0.01/: version 60000, blocks=350000, us=[xxxx:xxxx:x:xxxx::]:8333, peer=306

With PHP I use this

$server = new jsonRPCClient("http://$user:$passwd@127.0.0.1:9333/");

Update: I think it's because I have these rules

iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

Is it a good idea to close port 8333 and 9333?


texts: Is there a way to stop a man-in-the-middle attack when communicating addresses?

texts:
Let's say you have person A who wants to pay person B.

A common way for B to communicate his/her address to A is by QR code or email or some such non secure method either of which could be substituted for another address in a man-in-the-middle attack, by person C. In other words C contrives a situation where they can replace B's address with their own, thereby making A pay C instead of B.

This would be even harder to prevent if A and B were continents apart. Not only would A not be able to see B or perhaps even talk to them, but they would also have some difficulty carrying out even basic checking.

Is there a way to stop a man-in-the-middle attack when communicating addresses in this sort of circumstance?


texts: Bitcoin unconfirmed long Time no confirmations

texts:
Been forever my bitcoin hasn’t been confirmed can someone help me

3JHLiBT2Tu6uFotFRY1mF1bAnRdRS8XTqt


texts: What would happen to the Bitcoin network if all miners simultaneously stopped their mining efforts?

texts: If every single Bitcoin miner were to stop mining altogether, how would this effect the Bitcoin network?


texts: What client to use for an alternative special purpose blockchain?

texts:
Lets say one wanted to create a blockchain for the purposes of providing a scalable back-end for accounting for the trade of some arbitrary unit between people. It would not be a tradeable currency.

A possible requirement for the client would be third party authentication to participate in the blockchain. I'm thinking this because a small niche population could render the blockchain vulnerable to 50% attacks, perhaps there are other ways to prevent this.

Political issues aside, some enhancements have been made to the main trunk code.

Are there any enhancements to the trunk code that are useful for general purpose implementations, or walled garden approaches?


texts: Installation of Bitcoin Core 0.18.0 on Ubuntu 18.04.2 error

texts:
I used "sudo snap install bitcoin-core" and it appeared to install fine except I get the error: "Failed to launch 'Bitcoin Core' Desktop file didn't specify Exec
Field."  Did I do something wrong?  Maybe I am not finished with the install?

This is nearly a pristine installation of Ubuntu.  The only other thing I did was run updates and I installed Konsole prior to installing Bitcoin Core.  I ran the "sudo snap install..." command from Konsole.

Thanks to all.


texts: New Numbers: How many Bitcoin addresses are/have been carrying a balance?

texts:
Same question as this: How many Bitcoin addresses are/have been carrying a balance?

However the answer there is from 2012. Anybody have the new numbers for reference?


texts: Where can I get a list of upcoming features for NXT? and whats on the way for 2014?

texts: Where can I get a list of upcoming features for NXT coin? And what are some of the upcoming features for coming 2014.


texts:
I am reading Mastering Bitcoin book, and on:
https://github.com/bitcoinbook/bitcoinbook/blob/develop/ch03.asciidoc#full_index_node

there is a call to bitcoin node:

$ curl --user myusername --data-binary '{"jsonrpc": "1.0", "id":"curltest", "method": "getblockchaininfo", "params": [] }' -H 'content-type: text/plain;' http://127.0.0.1:8332/

when I submit this command on a terminal, it asks for a password, which I copy and paste from .cookie

but there is an error on the bitcoin node cli:

ThreadRPCServer incorrect password attempt from 127.0.0.1:34810

A .cookie file is key value pair:

__cookie__:xxx

I tried copying both key and value as well as just value as a password, but still got the same error. Please help.


texts: How big is the chance of double spending for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 confirmations?

texts:
I'm messing around with bitcoins a bit, and I'm now looking at the confirmations. In several places I read that 6 is the "normal" figure of confirmations needed to say a transactions has actually and irreversibly occurred. I also read this excellent Q, which explains a lot more.

I still wonder about one thing though: in the case of bad intentions, how big is the chance of double spending in the case of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 confirmations expressed in percentages?

I'm after a little table which should look something like this:

confirmations | chance of double spending (all figures are made up)
-----------------------------------------
0             | 10%
1             | 4%
2             | 1%
3             | 0.5%
4             | 0.2%
5             | 0.05%
6             | 0.001%


texts:
I'm trying to read raw transactions but there is a problem; Seems like getrawtransaction only works for recent transactions, old transactions give me the next error:

No information available about transaction (code -5)

Why is that? How can i see raw transactions from old transactions? When i say "old" its like from 5 days ago. I really need those transactions to get the sender addresses for each one, if "aging" is the case i can keep that data in my own database before it gets old but...Maybe it's not about old/new transactions, maybe there is another factor that won't let me read some raw transactions, you guys know something about that?

Here's how I'm using the command:

Working:

getrawtransaction 94628caff8b926f1247779aa687fc5cce5063f3389f291192ce1e52fae9a2655 1

Not working:

getrawtransaction 6e0f6cc64a08241c62eb93427923e95319c1e16db56ddeefa0c837944ce63d4b 1

Thank you!


texts: How does Bitcoin know if enough BTC are available for an account to allow a transaction?

texts:
Let's consider this simplified blockchain:

BLOCK 108
address ddd111 received 2 BTC by mining block 108

BLOCK 109
address abc123 received 2 BTC by mining block 109

BLOCK 110
address xyz999 created with 0 BTC
address fff555 created with 0 BTC
address abc123 =>  xyz999   1 BTC
address abc123 =>  fff555   1 BTC

BLOCK 111
address ddd111 => xyz999    1 BTC

BLOCK 112
address xyz999 => bbb888    5 BTC

How does Bitcoin Core knows there's a problem in the last transaction? How does it know that xyz999 cannot send 5 BTC to bbb888 because xyz999's balance is not enough?


texts: How can I limit the mining to specifics miners authentified by private key or something like that?

texts:
I know how to code in C++, but I don't know really how all mining system works.
I have my altcoin, and I would like to block reward blocks to miners which are not authentified (something by private key or Wallet Address).
I would let miners generate blocks and coins, but I don't want them they get it, all coins mined for nothing would be sent to a master wallet or be lost forever. But, if a miner has generated coins and he is authentificated and authorized to generate coin, he would get them.

To put it simple, I just want to block coin generation ability to everyone.
I've thought I could just stop them to run a thread for mining, but they could modify the client and start it.
So I was wondering how can I can do that, I've read the code about CheckWork, ProcessBlock, etc...
But I can't understand it fully.

Thanks from advance for your help.


texts: Why is the exchange rate of Bitcoins the same for everyone?

texts:
If I open Google and type 1 Bitcoin to Dollar I'm returned with a number (as of writing, "1 Bitcoin equals
246.09 US Dollar"). But where does this number come from?

Given the decentralized nature of Bitcoins (there are no banks, governments or whatsoever), shouldn't each exchange have its own rate? How can there be a unique, widely-accepted exchange rate, valid for everyone?


texts: Why is reusing bitcoin private keys frowned upon?

texts:
So far I've understood that reusing a private key to send out from is not good due to exposing your privacy.

I know reusing keys are frowned upon, but I never really understood why. Aside from the privacy aspect, what other issues should I factor in due to key reuse?


texts:
Litecoin is different from Bitcoin in the following ways, however none of them are particularly useful and on the contrary are only less worthy.

84 million vs 21 millions: since Bitcoin is divisible upto atleast nine decimals and also micro BTC can be used for dealing with low amounts
Faster blocks, 2.5 minutes vs 10 minutes average: six confirmations of Bitcoin are not equivalent of six confirmations of Litecoin, so Litecoin payments are usually confirmed after many more confirmations. It also wastes mining power because in Litecoin, most of the time miners may start work with non-best blocks.
scrypt vs SHA-256: since scrypt can be relatively efficiently run on CPU/GPU, it means botnets can easily control a lot of hashing power. Also, scrypt is relatively less analyzed and used than SHA-256, so it may not be more secure than SHA-256.

Technically, Bitcoin does what Litecoin does in an equal or better way. Also, Bitcoin testnet can be used to experiment with new features.

Why do we need Litecoin that actually has monetary value (around USD2.7 per LTC now)? Is it just promoted by a group of people who missed the Bitcoin get-rich boat?

Bitcoin is a novel concept and early adopters rightly earn their rewards for the risk they have taken.


texts: How does nSequence/Check Sequence Verify work?

texts: How does relative timelock work? I mean, I know the theoretical description, but how to use nSequence concretely ? Can you do me a practical example with 2 sample transactions one of which locked with nSequence from another?


texts: I would like to save some of my bitcoins on a piece of paper with QR code printed on it. What would be the easiest way to do it without using Mt Gox. or similar. Just bitcoins (I'm not afraid of some programming if it's needed).


texts: Limits on lightning channels and payments

texts: What are the upper and lower limits on Bitcoin Lightning channel balances and transactions, and where are these limits defined?


texts: Is there a time limit how long a signed transaction is valid?

texts:
When splitting coins from a hard fork and signing the transaction on the forked coin, is there a time/block limit when the transaction gets invalid on the BTC chain, so a potentially possible replay attack gets invalid forever?

Imagine this scenario: You successfully split 1 BTC and 1 BXX (which has no replay protection) from address A to B and C. At some later point you forget about it and send 2 BTC to address A. Can the old 1 BXX transaction be used to replay A -> C in BTC?


texts: Import multisig change addresses into Bitcoin Core using "importmulti" + descriptor

texts:
I'm trying to fill my wallet's internal/change address keypool by passing a multisig descriptor to importmulti, but the wallet's internal keypool is 0 before and after running the following shell script:

keypoolinitial=$(bitcoin-cli -testnet getwalletinfo | jq -r '.keypoolsize_hd_internal')
echo "internal keypool initial: $keypoolinitial"

rawdescriptor="wsh(multi(2,tpubD6NzVbkrYhZ4YgUWMmeBh1b7hrYyHwXowUrMn3mQ6QRxJNaLiVEA3jGLJDdaSpzEMTCgNF2JRukSqUxEkgX3J8Mf8tMParwTWABsjFzTsUA/*,tpubD6NzVbkrYhZ4XaWhpCwqSPgdnmqHxjPksHjdt6sgsBmQ37ohNNUFnyykgstn1UTKz21SzdKM6C3V7qEiXHkeEKWRALWMb1am8voLW72ZXDr/*,tpubD6NzVbkrYhZ4X3DR4FgNdjBjmdxvnX2TjmbkoNWquXaXQz6uMfF7kUF6rsXA26vRMzW3WP4iQgP1A8gJCSYD47qAQbsCCtnvhtRiD57jAEw/*))"

descriptor=$(bitcoin-cli -testnet getdescriptorinfo $rawdescriptor | jq -r '.descriptor')

bitcoin-cli -testnet importmulti '[{"desc": "'$descriptor'", "timestamp": "now", "range": [0, 10], "watchonly": true, "keypool": true, "internal": true}]' >> /dev/null

keypoolfinal=$(bitcoin-cli -testnet getwalletinfo | jq -r '.keypoolsize_hd_internal')
echo "internal keypool final: $keypoolfinal"

Running it gives me:

internal keypool initial: 0
internal keypool final: 0

But the same script works if I change the rawdescriptor line to use a simple P2PKH descriptor such as:

rawdescriptor="pkh(tpubD6NzVbkrYhZ4YgUWMmeBh1b7hrYyHwXowUrMn3mQ6QRxJNaLiVEA3jGLJDdaSpzEMTCgNF2JRukSqUxEkgX3J8Mf8tMParwTWABsjFzTsUA/*)"

Then it outputs:

internal keypool initial: 0
internal keypool final: 11


texts: Bittrex: What Error Do You Receive for Spamming the API?

texts:
I have a script which queries the Bittrex API pretty frequently (it makes an order after the previous order has filled).

This question asks about the rate limits. Therein, it is mentioned that Bittrex is rather dodgy about the rate limits, and they could change over time.

I want to know what the error/warning response for spamming the API is so I can slow down my requests adaptively (and therefore, not need to edit my script if they change the rate limit in the future).

Does anyone know what the error/warning response for spamming the API is?


texts: Why doesn't getblockchaininfo reveal BIP9 signaling statistics?

texts:
An example of the output of getblockchaininfo is here:

https://chainquery.com/bitcoin-api/getblockchaininfo

The softforks field describes the number of required / found blocks signaling the soft fork, but the bip9_softforks field does not. It just indicates a generic status message ("defined", "started", "locked_in", "active", "failed").

Is there an RPC command that will return the number of SegWit blocks?


texts: What prevents anyone from spending utxos from a native segwit address?

texts:
I read that transactions spending utxos from a native segwit address ( an address starting with bc1) are seen as anyone can spend transactions by legacy nodes.

So what prevents someone from taking a utxo from a native segwit address and using it to fund a transaction with  a scriptsig of OP_TRUE or null ,and submitting it to a legacy node or directly to a miner?


texts: How to run multiple node in same machine?

texts: I have created an altcoin base on litecoin source code. I want to test it in multiple node to test peers of each node weather each node can connect to each other. So I try to run "mycoind" in multiple but it not work. Any way for me to run multiple node in same ubuntu machine?


texts:
I am not a C++ pro. I read C++ as a part of my undergrad school course. I am very passionate about the future currency i.e. Bitcoin.

But I don't understand the source code structure. How to read the source code? As I already told I am have very basic knowledge of C++.

However, I can google on the way if don't understand something(functions, libraries, headers).

The actual problem I am facing is inside src/ directory. I don't understand the flow of files and directories in src/. Which is the first file that I should probably start reading. Can any one explain me all of flow of all the project in some sort of tree like structure?

~/GitHub/bitcoin/src
❯ ls                                                                   ✔ master
Makefile.am     coincontrol.h       miner.h         script
Makefile.bench.include  coins.cpp       net.cpp         secp256k1
Makefile.qt.include coins.h         net.h           serialize.h
Makefile.qttest.include compat          netbase.cpp     streams.h
Makefile.test.include   compat.h        netbase.h       support
addrman.cpp     compressor.cpp      noui.cpp        sync.cpp
addrman.h       compressor.h        noui.h          sync.h
alert.cpp       config          obj         test
alert.h         consensus       obj-test        threadsafety.h
amount.cpp      core_io.h       policy          timedata.cpp
amount.h        core_memusage.h     pow.cpp         timedata.h
arith_uint256.cpp   core_read.cpp       pow.h           tinyformat.h
arith_uint256.h     core_write.cpp      prevector.h     torcontrol.cpp
base58.cpp      crypto          primitives      torcontrol.h
base58.h        dbwrapper.cpp       protocol.cpp        txdb.cpp
bench           dbwrapper.h     protocol.h      txdb.h
bitcoin-cli-res.rc  hash.cpp        pubkey.cpp      txmempool.cpp
bitcoin-cli.cpp     hash.h          pubkey.h        txmempool.h
bitcoin-tx-res.rc   httprpc.cpp     qt          ui_interface.h
bitcoin-tx.cpp      httprpc.h       random.cpp      uint256.cpp
bitcoind-res.rc     httpserver.cpp      random.h        uint256.h
bitcoind.cpp        httpserver.h        rest.cpp        undo.h
bloom.cpp       init.cpp        reverselock.h       univalue
bloom.h         init.h          rpcblockchain.cpp   util.cpp
chain.cpp       key.cpp         rpcclient.cpp       util.h
chain.h         key.h           rpcclient.h     utilmoneystr.cpp
chainparams.cpp     keystore.cpp        rpcmining.cpp       utilmoneystr.h
chainparams.h       keystore.h      rpcmisc.cpp     utilstrencodings.cpp
chainparamsbase.cpp leveldb         rpcnet.cpp      utilstrencodings.h
chainparamsbase.h   limitedmap.h        rpcprotocol.cpp     utiltime.cpp
chainparamsseeds.h  main.cpp        rpcprotocol.h       utiltime.h
checkpoints.cpp     main.h          rpcrawtransaction.cpp   validationinterface.cpp
checkpoints.h       memusage.h      rpcserver.cpp       validationinterface.h
checkqueue.h        merkleblock.cpp     rpcserver.h     version.h
clientversion.cpp   merkleblock.h       scheduler.cpp       wallet
clientversion.h     miner.cpp       scheduler.h     zmq


texts: How would one extract the list of public keys from Electrum wallet?

texts: I am looking for a way to extract all of the public keys associated with my electrum wallet. I am aware that listaddresses() does this for public addresses, such as 1CWX7o1Ppe4JpEpSLmuovU4HFY3D6Ay24C  - however, I am looking to extract the public keys, such as 02b96c2739e9543bdc17bbe58b73a3a9a16aedf2ed554faca9e5acf0b279f5d0e1.


texts: How can I search for transaction text on the blockchain?

texts:
Is there a google like search engine which can search for any text that is included with a bitcoin transaction? As I understand it each transaction includes 80 characters of text as well.

Update

It is not possible to search the blockchain for text in an easy way


texts: How could we determine that a particular transaction in which block's Merkle tree?

texts:
https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/11/15/merkling-in-ethereum/ :

If the light client wants to determine the status of a transaction, it
can simply ask for a Merkle proof showing that a particular
transaction is in one of the Merkle trees whose root is in a block
header for the main chain.

Please note that image is taken from reference 1.

Verification of a Merkle path proceed from the leaf node to the Merkle
root.

As seen from the example image, we actually could not know that transaction-3 is located under that specific block and leaf-node since a light client only downloads the merkle root.
[Q] How could we determine that a particular transaction in which block's Merkle tree and Merkle tree's which leaf node? In order to determine the status of that transaction should we iterate through all blocks in the blockchain until we find the specific transaction? And when we find its block number, how could be actually determine its leaf node.
Thank you for your valuable time and help.
(1) https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/11/15/merkling-in-ethereum/


texts: I am running Windows 7, and every time I open Bitcoin-Qt (v0.8.6-beta) during synchronization my CPU runs at around 95% according to the Windows Task Manager. As soon as synchronization is finished, the processor goes back to a normal 4-15% usage. What is Bitcoin-Qt doing that it needs so much processing power? Why is Bitcoin-Qt different from my other wallets, like elacoin, that do not use CPU when synchronizing?


texts: Any way that running a node could help speed up confirmations at exchanges

texts: When making transfers between exchanges and wallets that are time sensitive it would be great to be able to some how reduce times to have transfers confirmed.  Is there any way that running a node (or any other method) would be able to be used to target transactions for faster confirmation?


texts: Is it possible to run a pruned node while being able to verify any TXID?

texts:
I am building a web app that implements bitcoin payments. My server has limited resources, and I don't want to fill up it's data with the ENTIRE blockchain (takes up too much space).

So I enabled pruning on bitcoind, and ran:

bitcoind -daemon -txindex

I got the error:

Error: Prune mode is incompatible with -txindex.

Is it not possible to verify any TXID I want with a pruned node? Is my only option to depend on a third party if I don't want to store the entire blockchain? Thanks.


texts:
I am selling SASS solution on my website.

How do I ideally educate customer to use bitcoin, which convince them
to use bitcoin instead of paypal or other methods.


texts: How can anonymity and uniqueness be achieved in the blockchain?

texts:
How We Use Elliptic Curve Cryptography
At Follow My Vote, we use this technology to create votes. During the registration process, voters create two ECC key-pairs. The voter reveals her identity to a verifier, who certifies the first key-pair (the identity key-pair) as belonging to that voter, then the voter anonymously registers her second key-pair (the voting key-pair) as belonging to one of the identity keys, but the way this is done, no one can determine which identity key owns her voting key. She can then create transactions which state her votes on the contests in an election, and use her voting private key to sign those transactions. Once these are published, everyone participating in the Follow My Vote network can verify that the signature is valid and adjust the tally accordingly. This way the votes are public and anonymous, but each voter can verify that her vote was correctly recorded and counted. Furthermore, all participants can verify that none of the votes were tampered with by validating the signatures. In this way, Follow My Vote software performs transparent, end-to-end verifiable online elections without compromising on security or voter anonymity.

In particular, my doubt is about the selected phrase: "no one can determine which identity key owns her voting key."


texts: Can coin wallets create their own network/blockchain?

texts:
In other words, I want a coin with NO premine and NO mining.  Can the wallet, alone, generate the coin(s) and the blockchain, based solely on inter-wallet communication (establishing a wallet "communication" network (kinda like the game Marco Polo in the pool) and chatting between users would generate a certain number/percentage of coins, per user, every day) and direct coin transfers between wallets?

I know very little about blockchain technology, so maybe what I'm describing is already done, to one degree or another.  But one person I spoke to thought what I was describing was crazy, so I figure my idea must be a pretty radical departure from traditional implementation, if even possible.

I'll gladly describe it in further detail, if interested, or it's even feasible.


texts:
I know you can delay a transaction's accepted date by using nLockTime. I'm still looking for the simplest way to generate a transaction with nLockTime, but that's another topic.

I'm wondering if there's a way to use this feature to send a message that will only decrypt after the time is due.

I know that a transaction broadcast with nLockTime already has all details visible and the amount is simply not yet spendable by the recipient. Is there a way to also make the note on that transaction encrypted until such date? Can I use bitmessage to achieve this somehow? How about another coin such as Dash or zCash which I assume also encrypt the transaction's note to anyone except the recipient [do they actually do this, especially Dash]?

The idea is to send a message that only the recipient can decrypt and only after a certain date, with no manual intervention in the future, nor anything else involved. It would be ideal if they received that message in their wallet like any transaction after it's due, but the message shouldn't be viewable by others nor by the recipient in advance searching, say, in a block explorer.

Thank you


texts: Does python-bitcoinlib and the Bitcoin Core functional test framework share code? Were changes ever pushed down/upstream?


texts: I get invalid argument error when running bitcoin-cli -getnetworkinfo, and a few other parameters

texts:
So I have bitcoind -daemon running and it appears to be generating the blockchain. keeps saying

  Potential stale tip detected, will try using extra outbound peer...

The issue is I run bitcoin-cli commands and get the following error:

$ bitcoin-cli -getnetworkinfo
Error parsing command line arguments: Invalid parameter -getnetworkinfo

same for many others. The only cli command that seems to work is :

bitcoin-cli -getinfo
{
  "version": 180100,
  "protocolversion": 70015,
  "walletversion": 169900,
  "balance": 0.00000000,
  "blocks": 0,
  "timeoffset": 0,
  "connections": 0,
  "proxy": "",
  "difficulty": 1,
  "testnet": false,
  "keypoololdest": 1573696666,
  "keypoolsize": 1000,
  "paytxfee": 0.00000000,
  "relayfee": 0.00001000,
  "warnings": ""
}

according to the manual they should all work but many are saying invalid argument. I have searched and am shocked that there does not appear to be any info on why this is happening to some and not others. So here I am.


texts: Besides transaction validation, are there any other uses of the Script language in Bitcoin

texts:
Script's stack operations are used to validate signatures and scripts of transaction inputs and outputs. Is Script also used to validate block, network, or any other data?

Seem like there are a lot of OP codes not in use or deprecated. Why were they added in the first place? Am I missing something?


texts: Can I use Bitcoin to send money from a US bank to an Indonesian bank?

texts: I now live in Indonesia and want to send money from my US bank account to an Indonesian bank. Can I use Bitcoin to do this transfer?


texts: Are public keys and their corresponding hash values both added to a BitcoinJ Bloom filter?

texts:
The paper, On the Privacy Provisions of Bloom Filters in Lightweight
Bitcoin Clients has this to say about Bloom filters in SPV:

  ...Indeed, in current implementations of SPV clients [BitcoinJ], both
  the addresses and their public keys are inserted in the outsourced
  Bloom filter. As such, if the adversary knows both the address and
  its public key, then she can trivially test whether an address is a
  true positive of the filter by checking whether both the address and
  its public key are inserted within the filter. If not, then it is highly
  likely that the address is a false positive of the filter. We believe that
  the inclusion of both the address and its public key in the Bloom filter
  is a severe flaw in the current SPV client implementations—and
  can be easily countered; we thus do not exploit this flaw in our analysis.
  In fact, more than 99% of all Bitcoin transactions consist of
  payments to Bitcoin addresses (or the public key hash); moreover,
  only 4587 out of 33 million total addresses in the system received
  transactions destined for both their public keys and their public key
  hashes. This means that for the vast majority of Bitcoin clients,
  there is no need to include both the public keys and their hashes
  (i.e., the Bitcoin addresses) in the Bloom filters; inserting one or
  the other would suffice (in more than 99% of the cases). [my emphasis]

The idea behind this attack was re-iterated in Privacy in BitcoinJ:

  The vulnerability is that if a pubkey is truly in the filter then querying both pubkey and pubkeyhash must return true. Because the pubkeyhash is just another almost uniformly random string, the probability of a false positive for the attacker is fp' = fp^2 = 0.0000000021555. I obtained around 56 million pubkeys from the blockchain (mid-January), which theoretically results in 56 million * fp' = 1.29 expected false positives when scanning the blockchain.

In other words, a simple attack is enough to pick out all of the public keys from a BitcoinJ Bloom filter.

Does the current release of BitcoinJ add both a public key and its hash value to its Bloom filters? If not, which release stopped it from occuring?

Also, why were both public keys and hashes added in the first place?


texts: How is a side-chain merging back to Bitcoin chain protected against double-spend? Where are the side-chain mining fees?

texts:
I am struggling to understand the concept of "side-chains" that's discussed a lot lately, but never trully explained.

How I understand "side-chain": it's an altcoin, with a separate blockchain, with a separate PoW rules and mineres and mining rewards and so on, that has value somehow tied to bitcoin, and that can be later exchanged back "into" main bitcoin blockchain.

I struggle to understand two things though.

How will a bitcoin miner/bitcoin node check, that the side-chain transactions were correct (in the sense of "not double-spent") and that they are on the longer "altcoin" chain? Does the bitcoin node also have to download all the other chains? Isn't that strange?
How is the mining reward solved? What if this side-chain has some crazy rules (like quark) for mining 90% of the existing supply in a few days? How does the money supply even make sense with value interchangable between BTC and side-chain?

It's possible I got the basics totally wrong, but I never got past the enthusiasm to some real explanations, so I am asking here.


texts: Is the generated Public Key from Private Key Unique in Bitcoin?

texts:
I am generating public key from my private key. I did in Java script and C#.
but generated public keys are different.
My Code in c# (KeyCore.NET):

PrivateKey pv = new PrivateKey(Globals.ProdDumpKeyVersion, "KwY7eRvXXFd7HPX4Zuv8STZMLsVSe2X22HkU24Av84W1Cb7Rd5Yh");
PublicKey pb = pv.PublicKey;
Console.WriteLine(pb.ToString());

result for C# code is 16w4zZWjWnhfEasJcSbfDQeHJRk1LytPHF5ir1ZS9mtUD5adsdH
and the result for javascript code is 16reZXagkyToongduimD25SEerXwP3MQ4n

I used KeyCore.NET and bitaddress


texts: Attaching additional data / text message to a Bitcoin transaction?

texts:
I'm building an single page web app, where I need to send the users inputted string (email address) along with their bitcoin payment. Say for example I have a single page web app that issues gift certificate barcodes and accept Bitcoin or altcoins. The problem I'm having is that if the user pays to my static bitcoin address, how do I know where to send the barcode information to? I need some form of contact, in my case it's an email address that the user inputs on to the page. What ways can the user send me their email address?

Some problems I ran into was the static bitcoin address. If multiple people paid to the same bitcoin address, I won't know who to send the barcode to. But if I have 100 pre-generated addresses. And one of them was chosen at random then combined with the email address. It would less likely have a collision of someone paying at the same time to the same btc address.

Now the issues is getting that email+btc address to me to verify the transaction has been completed.

One of the other solutions I came up with was requiring another altcoin that had messaging ability built in. The only 2 I know of is Florincoin and NXT where you can include a message with each transaction. The only issue with this is that it requires the app owner to hold florincoin or nxt (i don't believe you can attach a message in ethereum?). Using shapeshift to convert BTC to one of these coins works, but you cannot attach a message during this shapeshift swap. If shapeshift enabled the ability to also attach a message during their conversion this would technically solve the issue by getting the email address to the app owner.

What are some other solutions that might not require a centralized server to collect this data? Centralized server solutions are okay too if you have a solution.


texts: I have bitcoin in an armory wallet - how do I get the Bitcoin Cash

texts:
I have an amount on bitcoin in an armory wallet from a year ago, and have never moved the coins.

How do I get the bitcoin cash coins from this?

Can I just install the bitcoin cash client and restore with my armory passphrase?


texts: Would it be possible to have an ARM hashing based Cryptocurrency?

texts:
This was something that popped into my mind while I was thinking about CPU Only Alt-coins.
Would it be possible to have an ARM-based coin? That is, a coin that could only be mined on ARM devices (iPhone, Android device, etc. )?


texts: I'm a freshman of bitcoin system and I'm trying to find out how to use bitcoin parser. I downloaded several from internet but they were not work out. Currently I am using Bitcoin Knots wallet and downloaded all blockchains (approx.223GB). I know those data are preserved in the file names blockchain and they are in the form like blk0xxxx.dat. But how to parse those files? I really want to know the answer!


texts: how to use multiple time specific address in input scripts with difference balances?

texts:
look at to the following transaction (withdraw transaction from binance)
https://blockchain.info/tx/404fd22d3d88d129975d03fe2993f0126db8f066b3d8126d6cca676747439515?show_adv=true

How in input scripts section same address reuse again and again with different balances?!


texts: What are the safe ways to connect to bitcoin network using tor?

texts:
One case that I remember when someone was unable to connect his bitcoin full node to the network because of censorship: https://twitter.com/TheBlueMatt/status/1161291626553270272
Matt suggested using TOR bridges for people who are unable to connect (directly/vpn/tor without bridges)
What are safer ways to connect to the Tor network so that you can use Bitcoin?


texts: What role does stake play in finding a PoS block specifically?

texts: How does staking more PPC increase one's chances of finding a valid PoS block?


texts: Please take a look at my server print out to see if all looks well or if the repeating errors mean something is wrong

texts:
So it is not clear to me if my bitcoin server is syncing and all is fine or if the "potential stale tip detected, will retry extra outbound " message means I have to do something. Searching for that string does not actually provide me an answer. I thought Bitcoin full node install would be a bit more intuitive. Any help appreciated

Solution Update:
My server was not connecting to peers because my ROUTER had a FILTER, set to medium, that was just allowing in some popular known ports. When I set it to Low, My server then started to see peers immediately. Just weird how the router chose to implement this firewall this way. It did not honor the fact that I forwarded the port.


texts: Years ago, GHash.io had claim of 40% of the network hashpower. They were close to 51%, where they would have the power to initiate a 51% attack. Now it has 0.2%. How did this happen?


texts: Track transactions for a list of addreses not in a wallet

texts:
I am developing a payment gateway for BTC and have the following problem. I have bitcoind wallet and awaiting of some income for some some list of generated addresses. If i have received something on a the address I remove it from my wait list and make transaction complete. There are a lot of online services that allows me to look transactions or even some JSON-rpc solutions like blockchain.com allow to do it.

But I am wondering if it is possible to do it just using bitcoin-cli RPC protocol and without adding all ammount of addresses to the wallet.


texts: How do Bitpay invoices hide the Bitcoin address to pay to? I want to pay with another wallet.

texts:
Bitpay invoices are not compatible with most Bitcoin wallets out right now. I wanted to pay a bitpay invoice, but my wallet doesn't support it.

How does Bitpay hide the bitcoin address on their invoice pages? I don't even see it in the source.
I know there is Debitpay ( https://alexk111.github.io/DeBitpay/ ) static app to decode these invoices, but I'd like to extract the Bitcoin address from the bitpay invoice manually myself. How can this be done?


texts: Is it computationally feasible to find two transaction IDs with the same first 20 bytes?

texts: Transaction hashes uses sha256, so they are 32 bytes long. If I have to store a very large database of transaction hashes, only for the purpose of checking existence later on, is it really necessary to store all 32 bytes? If i store only 20 last bytes and I compare transactions using only those last 20 bytes, would the crypto guys get mad?


texts: How is it possible to detect system wide segmentation?

texts:
In this post, MoonShadow says it's easy to detect system wide segmentation.

  Yet a system wide segmentation is fairly easy to detect, the current client just doesn't do it.  If code implementing my 'watchdog' idea were included, the client could be set to suspend automatic trading on websites or warn the user of a fault on interactive clients.

How would that be accomplished technically speaking?


texts: How can Bitcoins be sent without Blockchain.info knowing your private key?

texts: Blockchain.info is a hybrid bitcoin wallet with client-side javascript encryption. I understand that the wallet.aes.json where the private keys are stored is encrypted (client-side). But how can transactions be made without the server-side knowing the UNencrypted private key?


texts: Are there any open-source trading bots out there?

texts: Has anyone published an open-source trading bot that runs on a Bitcoin exchange?


texts: I forgot about my bitcoin account until recently.  I have the software version listed above and my last real transaction was in 2012.  I don't remember my password, but my 12 year old PC does.  Do I need to transfer this to a wallet?  I have done a test transfer with $100 or so but it hasn't kicked off.  I noticed the S/W is "Catching up" and "Downloaded 173968 blocks of transaction history".  And "Last received block was generated 2121 days ago".  Any advice?  Do I need to wait for it to "Catch up"?  Thanks.


texts: Trying to setup my own pool and having problems connecting to my server

texts:
So I've setup my own Pushpool server, and now I'm trying to connect using GUIMiner

The server is up and running, this is what my terminal says:

sbin/pushpoold -E -F
[2013-04-19 20:33:5.395392] Listening on host :: port 8336
[2013-04-19 20:33:5.395592] Listening on host :: port 8337
[2013-04-19 20:33:5.395792] initialized

and on the GUIminer I connect with

Host: http://localhost
Port: 8336
Username: username (what I have set in SQLite3)
Password: password

But then when I start mining my console says this

2013-04-18 14:40:53: Running command: poclbm.exe username:password@http://localhost:8336 --device=0 --platform=0 --verbose -r1
2013-04-18 14:40:53: Listener for "Default" started
2013-04-18 14:40:54: Listener for "Default": 18/04/2013 14:40:54,  need more than 1 value to unpack
2013-04-18 14:40:56: Listener for "Default": WARNING: ADL missing (no AMD platform?), temperature control is disabled
2013-04-18 14:40:56: Listener for "Default": At least one server is required
2013-04-18 14:40:56: Listener for "Default": Traceback (most recent call last):
2013-04-18 14:40:56: Listener for "Default": File "Switch.pyo", line 45, in __init__
2013-04-18 14:40:56: Listener for "Default": File "Switch.pyo", line 60, in parse_server
2013-04-18 14:40:56: Listener for "Default": ValueError: need more than 1 value to unpack
2013-04-18 14:40:57: Listener for "Default" shutting down

Anybody here have any idea on how to fix this? Thanks.


texts: How does one set up and configure a Butterfly Jalapeño for mining?

texts: I just got some awesome new ASIC miners (2 Butterfly Jalapeño 5GH/s) and set them up, started running them, and only one of them was actually working. Yes I have all my cables correctly plugged in to a good power source. Can someone please tell me how to connect them so they can mine together?


texts: Trade-offs in 2 of 3 multisig release transaction

texts:
What are the trade-offs involved in:

Buyer and seller signing the transaction. HodlHodl signs the transaction only in case of dispute.

Vs

Seller and HodlHodl signs the transaction. Buyer signs the transaction only when dispute.

According to https://gitlab.com/hodlhodl-public/hodl-client-js/-/blob/master/multisig-spec.md

Server generates release transaction with output address taken from user's trading settings.
Server signs it's part of the release transaction input with it's private key.

Server signature is always goes first expecting client signature as next chunk.
Client decrypts it's seed with payment password.
Client signs the transaction with it's private key derived with index and sends back to server.
Service broadcasts provided transaction.

NOTE: In both examples below transaction is signed by seller.
Buyer has to sign transaction only if contract is disputed and resloved in favor of buyer.

Will the trade-offs remain same for any other similar bitcoin projects using 2 of 3 multisig?


texts:
So from what I understand, Bitcoin's PoW is prone to 51% attack, but as a distributed system it is also prone to BFT's 1/3 attack right? I think it's mathematically proven that in a distributed system, if you have more than 1/3 bad nodes collaborate together, then you cannot safely reach a correct consensus no matter what?

So for Bitcoin, there are two types of possible attack scenarios, one is if a miner node consistently has more than 51% computing power of the whole network then it can double-spend indefinitely and basically has unlimited cash to spend.

The other is if more than 1/3 of the nodes in the whole network are bad guys working together with modified malicious node code then they can potentially stop the correct block being accepted and make it impossible for others to know which is the correct longest chain, thus prevent valid transactions being processed and recorded.

So are my understandings correct?


texts: Can I, and should I, verify bitcoin core source code before compiling it?

texts: If I use bitcoin core binary release I can verify them with the gpg keys of the core developers. Is there a similar process for the source code? A follow-up question: Is it preferable to use signed binaries or compile from source?


texts: Set the number of keys/addresses in a wallet

texts:
Is there a way to configure the number of keypairs (or addresses) created by bitcoind or bitcoin-qt?

I've looked at the sample bitcoin.conf file, but failed to find the relevant parameter.


texts: Can you use Schnorr to sign inputs individually?

texts: Can personA build a transaction and sign his inputs, then personB signs his and that be added into one transaction using Schnorr. Or are SIGHASHes still needed?


texts: Dividing miner reward over a k-length jumping window

texts:
Nowadays, a miner can gain more than another one even when they mine the same amount of blocks due to variance in tx fees. It's expected that, especially once the coinbase reward is gone, this will result in miners competing for "juicy" txs and hence damaging the stability of the system. See https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2978408 for future reference.

I've been thinking if it's possible to overcome this simply by changing the rewarding mechanisms of Bitcoin. So let's say we keep a k-length jumping window, take sum of fees in that window and divide it evenly to miners. So if we have k=4 and 1st block has 20 in fees, 2nd has 20 in fees, 3rd has 10 in fees and 4th has 30 in fees each miner will get (20+20+10+30)/4 = 20 in fees.

What would be shortcomings/downsides of such a mechanism ?


texts: Does this method really work as replay protection?

texts:
This blog post describes a method for protecting against replay attacks after any hard fork on the Bitcoin blockchain. It asumes you have BTC in a wallet and want to transfer it without risking the forked coin.

In summary it says:

Buy BTC in an exchange
Transfer BTC from exchange to your wallet
Transfer full amount including newly received BTC from wallet to another wallet

According to the author, the last transaction can't be replayed on the new chain since it is for a larger amount than what that address would have in the new chain.

Can someone confirm whether this does in fact protect from replay attacks? Would this be a valid method for any hard fork?

My concern is that somebody could replicate the first transfer (step 2) in the new chain, therefore making the second transaction (step 3) replay-able.


texts: How do I connect my `bcoin` wallet to `bitcoind`?

texts:
I have bitcoind running in regtest mode. I want to connect my bcoin wallet to it and retrieve all UTXOs relevant to the sender's address.

How can I do that?


texts: Can two outputs from the same transaction be spent separately?

texts:
I am reading the transaction part. I don't know how to get the transaction hash. Does the whole transaction (include its vins and vouts) get hashed?

If a transaction has two vouts (spent by different transaction tx2 and t3), when t2 and t3 spent the vout, they will get the same prevout hash. Is that correct?

For example:

tx1:  tx1_out1  --------> node_A ----tx2(using tx1_out1)--->
      tx1_out2  --------> node_B ----tx3(using tx1_out2)--->

Will tx2 and tx3 have conflicts, since tx1_out1 and tx1_out2 are spending the same hash?


texts: How do I find a renamed wallet whose name I can't remember?

texts: I bought BTC in 2011 and renamed my wallet.dat to something else that I cannot remember. How can I find my wallet file on my computer? I'm prepared to use the command line and scripting.


texts:
When a bitcoin node receive a new transaction, it rebroadcast it and stores it in its mempool. If the transaction gets into a block, then it is removed from the node's mempool.

But what happen when it is still unconfirmed after some blocks? How does it check which transactions to rebroadcast? Is there a priority list to choose which transaction to broadcast?


texts: Converting from Private Key to WIF, what am i missing?

texts:
They say a image speaks louder then 1000 words so:

As you can see from the image above, this should work ?
What am i missing here?

This is my encode function,
http://cryptocoinjs.com/modules/currency/coinstring/

I can confirm the private key spitted out is in correct format for if i do a dump i get:

$ ./src/d-cli dumpprivkey WRSybD94sWugjAQ89zyvbLsnw76ovCYEGo
BxkN86fdFBN75Aat3WCDs9w6NRHCMJJvvrDgb44Vcc23f96ohFZ5


texts: Can OTC help lessen the cost of slippage and exchange rate risk?

texts:
Obviously one can transact currency via buying BTCs on an exchange transacting them to another person which itself sells the BTCs received on an exchange - this would limit the possibilities of transacting money to the liquidity of BTC exchanges and exposes the parties involved to the risk of exchange rate fluctuations.

Is there a possibility of avoiding these factors via OTC ?

e.g.: The party which wants to receive a payment, e.g. USD 1000, buys the smallest fraction of a BTC on an exchange (regardless to the value in USD) and "sells" this fraction of BTC to the party which owes the payment in exchange for the USD 1000.


texts: What is the incentive for continuing to mine bitcoin as we get very close to the 21 million cap?

texts:
The Investopedia article on Bitcoin explains the Bitcoin issuance schedule and how it's halved every four years. Currently, roughly 18.5 million have been mined, with the total cap being 21 million. It's assumed that the last Bitcoin will be mined in the year 2140, which is obviously quite a ways off.
Given both the monetary and energy cost of mining Bitcoin (the two are related since it requires a large amount of computing power), isn't there a diminishing incentive to continue mining Bitcoin as we approach the hard-cap limit of 21 million bitcoins? In other words, as the supply of Bitcoin nears its cap, and the reward for verifying transactions is halved, what will incentivize individuals to continue mining Bitcoin if their odds of verifying a transaction before anyone else decreases? And on the off chance that they do it first, the reward will be miniscule. Investopedia touches on this:

In actuality, as the year 2140 approaches, miners will likely spend years receiving rewards that are actually just tiny portions of the final bitcoin to be mined. The dramatic decrease in reward size may mean that the mining process will shift entirely well before the 2140 deadline.

Follow-up question: Couldn't this lead to a monopoly situation where fringe miners give up entirely and only the biggest mining networks reap the profits of continuing to mine Bitcoin?


texts: Where do I find the *actual* blockchain size?

texts:
Okay, my hard drive is a bit cramped, and the Blockchain for my Bitcoin client is completely sucking up my free space. I want to know how much room I need to be prepared to lose.

This isn't a duplicate of the other questions - those had answers that were highly impractical - I'm not sure if they dealt more with the theory of the blockchain or what, but the filesizes were way off.

For example, right now, http://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size says that the current blockchain size is 6073 MB, which is complete BS - the cumulative size of ~/.bitcoin/blocks/*.dat is 6970 MB, and it's not even done yet.

Basically, what I want is a realistic, down-to-earth estimate of how much hard disk space the blockchain is going to cost me. Not the theory, not the "data minus overhead", the actual cost of the .dat files.


texts: From a previous business, I have 5 Dell Poweredge 2850 Servers, each with 2 Intel Xeon 3.4 Ghz processors. I also have 2 2950's, a huge 7150, and few other smaller 1 U Dell servers. All but 2 of those machines are just sitting there in the rack and not even turned on right now. I have seen CPU miners and know that these are not optimal, but have considering making 5 mining servers out of the 2850's to just see what happens. My power bill increases around $400 a month when running all of these servers/switches/UPS/Firewall/etc. (more in the summer than winter of course). I have all the infrastructure and hardware to setup these machines, but I can't seem to find any data on potential earnings with Xeon processors to see if it would be worth my time or the extra power to build miners out of these machines. I understand that with the difficulty going up the earning will continue to decrease, but if anyone could provide some rough potential numbers or suggestions for further research, it would be appreciated.


texts: How is the target section of a block header calculated?

texts: I've been poking around https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Target and I've found the current target, but I can't seem to find how it's generated. It's supposedly generated when the difficulty is adjusted, as stated here: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Block_hashing_algorithm, but what exactly is the algorithm for generating the target? If someone could show me some psuedocode that would be great.


texts: Is bitcoin an effective way to receive international payments?

texts:
I live in the UK with a GBP bank account, and recently I need to receive an amount of $115.92 from a contact in the US. We looked at a few options:

International bank wire: instant no go as his US bank charged stupidly high fees for these.
Paypal: according to Paypal fees calc I'd get charged with 3.9% +$0.30 standard rate and 2.5% currency conversion fee above the whole exchange rate so I'd end up with $7.72 charge or $108.20 received. According to xe at the time of writing that equates to £69.20GBP.
Bitcoin. We went with this option, and my contact used his USD to buy bitcoins and sent me 0.2876BTC, which I traded out on localbitcoins.com minutes later at the best sell rate for a payment directly into my bank account of £71.47GBP (i.e. the sell rate was £248.50/BTC).

It seems that I did better than paypal, but the current wholesale exchange rate would suggest I should have ended up with closer to 74.15GBP, so where did I lose out?

Was it just that the bitcoin rate dropped in the interim, so I got unlucky and lost value, or was it the fact that the buy and sell rates have a "spread", so even if I bought bitcoins in GBP now then instantly sold them for GBP I'd lose out (because the buy rate is higher than the sell rate of course...). On localbitcoins.com such an experiment would cost me around £10GBP, so maybe infact I got lucky by only losing £3 from the wholesale rate??


texts: Why does my public IP show a Bitcoin Node is running when it is set up over Tor?

texts:
I've set up my node to run exclusively over TOR. But when I check https://bitnodes.earn.com/ and a few other sites with my public IP to check if a bitcoin node is accepting incoming connections, it comes back that it is.

How do I hide my public IP from showing that a full node is running ?

My bitcoin.conf settings are as follows:

txindex=1
server=1
rpcport=8332
listen=1
proxy=127.0.0.1:9050
bind = 127.0.0.1
onlynet=onion


texts: Where Bitcoin is kept and what fees are included when liquidating Bitcoin

texts:
I have small question, where does bitcoin "banks" keep money you pay them for bitcoins? do they keep it in some kinda bank ?

and when we sell bitcoins to dollars what fee do we pay?


texts:
I’m really struggling to get my head around a particular piece of lingo in the bitcoin/blockchain space, and would really appreciate if someone was able to give a bit of clarity. I have been doing a lot of reading trying to figure this out, but the more I read, the more confusing it seems to become.

Basically, it concerns consensus and governance.

With blockchain tech, as far as I understand, we have the following:

‘consensus’ needed amongst miners as to what the ‘next block of transactions’ is that is added to the chain (and the longest chain, becomes the valid chain in the network).
‘consensus’ needed about which version of the protocol is used (disagreement leading to a hard fork)

My main question about the above, are they both referred to as ‘consensus’ or is there terminology which separates the two? (Whenever I open a new article about governance and consensus, I have to read half of it to figure out as to which type of ‘consensus’ the writer is referring to.

Would governance therefore be the developers who have permission to merge changes into the main bitcoin code base?


texts: error durring the bitcoincore installation

texts:
I want to use python-OP_RETURN library.
For this I need to install bitcoin core.
But when I exceute this command
sudo apt-get update I have this error :

Err http://ppa.launchpad.net jessie/main amd64 Packages

Err http://ppa.launchpad.net jessie/main amd64 Packages

Err http://ppa.launchpad.net jessie/main amd64 Packages

Err http://ppa.launchpad.net jessie/main amd64 Packages

Err http://ppa.launchpad.net jessie/main amd64 Packages
  404  Not Found
Get:2 http://security.debian.org jessie/updates/main amd64 Packages [371 kB]
Ign http://httpredir.debian.org jessie InRelease
Get:3 http://httpredir.debian.org jessie-updates InRelease [142 kB]
Hit http://httpredir.debian.org jessie Release.gpg
Hit http://httpredir.debian.org jessie Release
Get:4 http://httpredir.debian.org jessie-updates/main amd64 Packages [17.6 kB]
Get:5 http://httpredir.debian.org jessie/main amd64 Packages [9032 kB]
Fetched 9626 kB in 8s (1085 kB/s)
W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/bitcoin/bitcoin/ubuntu/dists/jessie/main/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found

E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

What does it mean?


texts: Does bitcoin give users credit/debit card. If yes, how do you request the card

texts: I am a new user at bitcoin so things are a little difficult for me since the website isn't specific. I wanted to know how to request a credit or debit card from bitcoin(that's if it is possible). I also have a little trouble on the site while trying to enter my full residential address.


texts:
I have 4 wallets in Multibit HD.

I have password, secret words and time stamps for each wallet.

I want to move to a new computer, I know that I can use RESTORE button in Multibit HD. but I am afraid of losing my money.

My question is: I know that Multibit HD stores all data in:
C:\Users\username\Appdata\Roaming\MultibitHD

If i copy that folder to the new computer, can I open my wallets without need to restoring?


texts: i found bitcoin wallet I need qr private key where i can get that code?

texts:
i found bitcoin wallet I need qr private key where i can get that code ?
Is it impossible to get qr private code ?


texts: Cryptocurrency Wallet Seed - mental backup?

texts:
Ok, so let's say I use a wallet that gave me a 12 word string as a seed.

And I want to do a paper and "mental" backup - will write it down and will memorize the words.

Where is the itch?
Well, the seed file that my wallet created is still on my disk and exposed to hack danger.

If I deinstall the wallet and delete the seed file - am I more safer than?

And I won't have any issues using the seed with other wallet when I choose to use my cryptos?


texts: Why is downloading blocks taking longer and longer?

texts:
First off, this really needs to get fixed. I'm downloading blocks for at least 8 hours now, and it's still not done. I know the problem of having to download the entire block chain is being worked on, but I feel it's already out of hand. Setting up an application should take something you would measure in minutes, not hours or days. (After spending the entire night, it's now 4:15am, I would estimate the setup time to be two days.)

Also downloading can be much optimized as it is. It's far from using my maximum download speed, and being connected to one peer is as fast as being connected to 8+ (yup, also tried port forwarding).

Now, ontopic.

Is it normal that downloading blocks goes slower, the further you progress? The first half (out of 194.000) went in the blink of an eye, after that it became less and less fast. Now at 20.000 blocks remaining, progress comes in bursts, but there can easily be 20 seconds of inactivity and when it bursts it's like 10 blocks.

Is this normal behavior? And also, why doesn't the number of connections make any difference for the speed at all? If it works like Bittorrent, which some describe it to work like, it should get faster with more people who can upload to you (more connections).

I've Googled, but all I've found is that it takes a few hours and that it may get stuck. It's not stuck and taking as long as people describe it to be, but I just wonder if it's normal that it's going slower and slower, and why it doesn't saturate my download capacity (like BitTorrent) no matter how many connections.

Thanks


texts: Understanding speed vs. fees on various wallets, esp. Instawallet and original client

texts:
The Bitcoin Wiki don't say much about fees, more precisely if you have a choice between speed vs. fees (pay more, deliver faster).

In fact, I don't yet even have a clue how fast are bitcoin transactions. Sometimes instant, sometimes it is structured by the wallet provide for lower fees but takes up to 24 hours?


texts: Is there any way to install a GPU miner on ubuntu without using the proprietary drivers?

texts:
The question pretty much says it all. Any way to install a GPU miner (ATI) without

A) Installing fglrx (which is a very bad driver for everyday use, and breaks my dual-monitor setup)

B) Installing stream app sdk (which, if I understand correctly, requires fglrx)

Please? Anyway? I would like to start mining bitcoins...


texts:
I was going through this post in stack exchange How can I code a Bitcoin JSON-RPC “getwork” request in Java?

I tried to write a simple snippet for just the getwork json rpc.

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

    String request = "{\"method\": \"getwork\", \"params\": [], \"id\":0}";
    URL url = new URL("http://de01.supportxmr.com:7777");

    HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    if (conn .getConnectTimeout() == 0)
        conn.setConnectTimeout(1000);
    if (conn.getReadTimeout() == 0)
        conn.setReadTimeout(1000);
    conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
    String encoded = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(("<my_wallet_addr>:x").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));  //Java 8
    conn.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "Basic "+encoded);
    conn.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
    conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
    conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", Integer.toString(request.getBytes().length));
    conn.setRequestProperty("X-Mining-Extensions", "midstate");
    conn.setAllowUserInteraction(false);
    conn.setUseCaches(false);
    conn.setDoOutput(true);

    DataOutputStream wr = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());
    wr.writeBytes(request);
    wr.close();

    InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
    ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    int len;
    byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
    while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
        bos.write(buffer, 0, len);
    }
    String content = bos.toString();
    is.close();

    System.out.println(content);

}

when I run this code, I get an error

Exception in thread "main" java.net.SocketException: Unexpected end of file from server
at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.parseHTTPHeader(HttpClient.java:792)
at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.parseHTTP(HttpClient.java:647)
at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.parseHTTPHeader(HttpClient.java:789)
at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.parseHTTP(HttpClient.java:647)
at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getInputStream0(HttpURLConnection.java:1536)
at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getInputStream(HttpURLConnection.java:1441)
at org.litecoinpool.miner.Test.main(Test.java:42)

What am I missing here? Is stratum proxy necessary to be running on the machine? If so how do I specify the parameters to run in the java code?

I tried a direct TCP connection also to the server.

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    String message1 = "{\"id\":1,\"method\":\"mining.subscribe\",\"params\":[]}";
    String authorizemessage = "{\"params\": [\"<wallet_address>\", \"x\"], \"id\": 2, \"method\": \"mining.authorize\"}";

    Socket soc = new Socket("de01.supportxmr.com", 7777);
    System.out.println("connected");
    OutputStream outputStream = soc.getOutputStream();
    outputStream.write(authorizemessage.getBytes());
    outputStream.flush();

    BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(soc.getInputStream()));
    JSONObject json = new JSONObject(in.readLine());

    System.out.println("json response: " + json.toString());

    outputStream.write(message1.getBytes());
    outputStream.flush();

    in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(soc.getInputStream()));
    json = new JSONObject(in.readLine());

    System.out.println("json response: " + json.toString());

}

but no luck again :(


texts:
How would mining, theoretically, work in Pegged Side chains?

If mining can be done on these side chains, then it seems like too many coins could be created. And once they were used in transactions, how could they be accounted for to know which coins can and which coins can't be moved back to the main chain?

If mining cannot be done on side chains, then it seems like the side chain system could be very insecure, unless there is another way to secure the system.


texts: How to get value of incoming transactions from Blockchain.info API

texts:
I'm looking at the blockchain.info API and I'm having a difficult time finding the value of incoming transactions. That and the number of incoming transactions are the only things I'm interested in.

As an example here: https://blockchain.info/rawaddr/15wsV4TYvGPrJnhoyCed6kWcNUuSo5ykRi

or here: https://blockexplorer.com/api/txs/?address=15wsV4TYvGPrJnhoyCed6kWcNUuSo5ykRi

It lists both incoming and ougoing transactions, and with transactions with several inputs, they are all listed individually. So I can't just have a script search for "value" which was my first idea. Is there a better way to do it?


texts: What incentives do Crypto 2.0 systems provide for IOU Gateways?

texts:
I am wondering what inventives do various Crypto 2.0 systems provide for IOU Gateways (ones that create currencies backed by other currencies or commodities, like USD, BTC or the like)?

Just to be clear, by "Gateway" I mean a business that takes currency external of the Crypto 2.0 system, issues IOUs in the system for that currency and is responsible for converting the IOUs back to that currency. For example, Bitstamp is a Gateway for USD and BTC in Ripple. By "IOU" I mean a token in the Crypto 2.0 system that can be created easily and is not native to the system (for example, USD and BTC in Ripple are IOUs, XRP is not. BTC is not an IOU in the Bitcoin network).


texts: When I'm downloading the blockchain for the first time, from whom am I downloading it from?

texts: Is it p2p through BitTorrent protocol? Is it through a central server?


texts: Can the outputs of transactions with duplicate hashes be spent?

texts:
I've noticed that there are two transaction hashes that appear more than once in the blockchain. The reason for this is understandable: they sent mining rewards to the same address. These transactions had the same inputs (none) and the same outputs (one 50 BTC output to the specified address). However, this does cause a problem when you're trying to work with transaction data, as the transaction hashes cannot be considered unique identifiers of a transaction.

This was briefly discussed here, but the discussion was based more on block validity.

This actually led to a bug that caused an overwrite of the older transaction, which was fixed in the 0.6.0 release.

There were a few BitcoinTalk threads about one of these occurrences:
BitcoinTalk
Other BitcoinTalk

In the first of these threads, Gavin Andresen seems to suggest that the newer transaction's output can't be spent by saying "Ooh!  Ooh!  50 more bitcoins for the 'Bitcoins Lost Forever' thread!".

The two transaction hashes that have appeared more than once in the blockchain are:
d5d27987d2a3dfc724e359870c6644b40e497bdc0589a033220fe15429d88599
e3bf3d07d4b0375638d5f1db5255fe07ba2c4cb067cd81b84ee974b6585fb468

So, can these transaction outputs be spent? Why, or why not?

EDIT: I should mention that I checked, and as of July 5, 2013, none of the transactions' outputs have been spent.


texts:
I have an antminer asic, and it has web interface. I could see temperature and hashrate through it.

Now i want to retrieve and store that data (from multiple asics), within another program on another device. Obvious but inefficient way is to send HTTP request and parse HTML responses.

But does asic has some way (for example JSON output via some GET/POST requests, or even custom TCP protocol) to get information in machine-friendly format?

How do such aggregated statistics monitoring and control usually implemented in big farms? Is there any existing software for solving this obvious control/monitoring task?


texts: Where can I import my keys from computer to multiBit HD

texts:
I have upgraded my multiBit classic to multiBit HD but I am having hard time to find how to import private keys to my multiBit HD wallets.
Any idea ?


texts: For US Tax purposes, is Bitcoin mining more like property, "work to solve a puzzle" or "winning a lottery"?

texts:
From a taxation perspective, I think it's important to clarify if running a Bitcoin mining operation is more like property exchange, labor to solve a puzzle, vs winning a lottery that runs every 10 minutes.

I'm looking from someone to answer who is familiar with accounting rules regarding lotteries, gambling, and similar operations.  As it stands, lottery earnings are taxed at enormous rates.  (50%)

Although I'm interested in US based operations, anyone with experience in other countries would be of interest as well.


texts: RPi3 Mining Node Wallet Address Configuration

texts:
I am using a RPi3 as a stock bitcoin mining node. I am getting it all set up. I am not expecting to ever actually mine any coin. I am just doing it for fun and learning.

I know that if my node were to mine a block it would create a transaction for the bitcoins that it earns by doing so.

My question is where do I set that public wallet address to receive those coins? I am using a tutorial to set up the software and it doesn't say anything about setting that address.

I have also searched everywhere I can think of and can't find any information on it.


texts:
May be someone could point me towards a public API with Bitcoin price AND 24h change? Like $7'602 +2.3%?

All APIs I've found (like coindesk's) only contain price, not change :(


texts: I have been trying to find a "bitcoin mixing" service but it seems that ALL the "bitcoin mixing" sites I have looked at are scam. Does anybody know of any that are actually real and do what they say they do??


texts: Supply Restriction on Bitcoin & Bitcoin Cash?

texts:
Still a bit unclear then. How is Bitcoin at 13-18k USD/Bitcoin and Bitcoin cash is only around 2.5-3k USD/Bitcoin Cash? So will we ultimately have 21 million Bitcoin and Bitcoin cash is a fraction of it?

It's a very basic question - I'm sorry if it's too rudimentary, but please do expand.


texts: When should I use -reindex-chainstate and when -reindex

texts:
What is the difference between the options -reindex and -reindex-chainstate?

Is one of the options faster?

When should each option be used?


texts: When you sweep a private key at Blockchain can you sweep the key in HEX format?

texts:
It would be useful to know this because I have made a 64 character hex private key by hand and generated the address without storing the key in WIF format. I don’t want to go online, input the hex key and have it rejected.

Of course I could try it out with a small amount in a sloppy wallet, but it would be easier for someone to tell me.


texts: Are there any other balance management systems other than UTXOs and Account Based used by blockchains today?

texts: To know how much balance a user has on the bitcoin blockchain you just need to look at their UTXOs. To do the same in Ethereum you just look at their accounts. Are there any other systems used by notable blockchains?


texts:
I'm having trouble understanding getblocktemplate.

From https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Getblocktemplate,

I see how to build the block header and then begin hashing by incrementing the nonce, the same as I would perform work on the result of a getwork call.

What I don't understand is the following

  Since you're making all the blocks yourself, you really don't ever need to get another template... until it's invalid.

After I construct my merkle root and then my block header, and hash away by incrementing the nonce, then what? How do I "create" a block? Surely I will overflow the nonce quickly with an ASIC - so what else am I varying while hashing?

I feel like I am missing a very important step.

Thanks in advance!


texts: Buy coins using a australian bank account from Germany

texts:
I am German living in Germany but do own an Australian bank account. I would like to use that money to buy bitcoins but somehow am not able to at the big exchange markets.
Whenever I identify myself it assignms me a German profile (which is fine) and only allows money transfer from european countries.

Is there a simple way to do this?
Sorry for this newbie question...


texts: socket send error Bad file descriptor (9)

texts: The log file goes back quite a few weeks but this error started to appear today. Any ideas why?


texts: On Coinbase Pro does anybody know what criteria are used to decide if a limit order should be rejected due to insufficient funds?

texts:
I'm playing around with their sandbox api and trying to figure out when a buy order will be rejected due to insufficient funds. It seems that market orders will be rejected only if you give the order funds greater than the amount of USD you have in your wallet. That seems straight forward enough. The case for limit orders seems a little bit more complicated. If I have $1000 in my wallet and I specify a buy order for 1 BTC for $1000 the order will be rejected due to insufficient funds. I'm guessing this is because I need money for any possible fees. However if the order goes on the order book as a maker order.

My question is do I need enough USD for possible fees regardless if the order becomes a maker or a taker order?


texts: Hi I sent $10 btc To an address now it’s saying that my account is at risk of double spending I don’t know what does that mean or what to do. Any help would work thanks


texts: What are some of the advantages & disadvantages of the following: Colored Coins and Counterparty

texts:
Seeing the release of coinprism wallet for colored coins and I'm also playing with counterparty.co

What are the main differences among these two competing decentralized asset managers?

I see that counterparty.co has their own currency XCP, but colored coins does not. Now the question is how many of these XCP coins does the developers control or the first few people that created them?

And couldn't colored coins adopt what counterparty.co is currently doing and make them obsolete? If not, why?


texts: In P2PKH Multisig Transactions, what is the address?

texts: In P2SH transactions, the address is the hash of the redeemScript. What is it for P2PKH transactions?


texts: What would be the technical, and wider, implications of a cryptocurrency that used proof-of-disk-space?

texts:
ShelbyMooreIII is promoting AnonyMint and/or AnonyCash as a concept* cryptocurrency based on a disk-space intensive algorithm. Some details are given here: http://anonymint.org/#Proof-of-Work_Designs

What would be the positive or negative impact of this kind of software on:

The disk you're running it on
The CPU/GPU of the PC
The HDD market
The environmental effects of increased disk manufacture (I'm assuming here that such a currency would cause an increase in production)
Anything else substantially affected

*I don't know what stage of development AnonyMint is at.


texts: Why bitcoin does not generate and support Segwit addresses by default automatically?

texts: I downloaded the latest bitcoin core, but the generated wallet and address was not a segwit. Why bitcoin core, does not support segwit by default? and when it will be changed?


texts: Is there dedicated mining hardware available to mine cryptonote coins?

texts: I'm talking about hardware such as USB miners, etc. I'm asking, because I see people mine with 86kH/s on my pool…


texts:
I want to start mining through one a cloud service and seems that hashflare.io is a good one. So when I go to the "Pricing" section of the website is say's that I can pay USD $1.20 per 10 GH/s.

How does that make any sense? I'll pay to have a rate, which is measured in seconds. But for how long am I going to keep that rate?

It says it is a Lifetime contract, does that mean I'll pay $1.20 and keep earning bitcoins forever? Seems a bit too generous to me.


texts:
As a complete newbie I purchased USB ASIC mining device, installed bfgminer on raspberry pi and tried to run it. As the reward is not changing, I am wondering whether bfgminer is running correctly.

This is the snapshot of bfgminer:

And this is the snapshot of workers status in Slush's pool:

I would be very thankful if anyone could tell whether this is working correctly or how to check in general if everything is OK.


texts: How to split fee between more than one miners?

texts:
I found that some BTC blocks have more than one miners, for instance:
https://www.blockchain.com/btc/block/000000000000000049a0914d83df36982c77ac1f65ade6a52bdced2ce312aba9
there are two miners:
['coinbase']=========>[{'amount': Decimal('1E-8'), 'address': ['1BGbGFBhsXYq6kTyjSC9AHRe1dhe76tD6i']}, {'amount': Decimal('25.09323034'), 'address': ['1A73ExsM2doRwTLp82rv5U36QHbBFmHD1X']}]
My question are:

Basically, there should be only one miner for one block, why there are two miners?
Then, how to split transaction fee between these miners, according to their bonus ratio?

Thanks.


texts: Hypothetical situation: the Internet gets split in two, what happens with Bitcoin?

texts:
Let's suppose, that at some time the Internet gets split in two, possibly because of wartime, or another possibilities (there was once a situation, when Egypt managed to split the internet in their country from the outside).

There begins to exist two versions of the blockchain, eg. USACoin and ChinaCoin
There are some people with access to both internets ("pirate joins")
Eventually, the internets join back

How would Bitcoin software react to those splits, how would it react to the "pirate joins", how would it handle the final internet join? What would be the "Plan B" of the Bitcoin community?


texts:
The Bitcoin Core fuzzing docs refer to "fuzzing harnesses". What is a harness in this context?
(There have been two previous Bitcoin Core PR review club sessions on fuzz testing at the time of writing, in January 2020 and in April 2020. The latter was on PR 18521 which added a process_messages harness.)


texts: I initially thought NBitcoin was a wrapper for Bitcoin Core JSON RPC and that Bitcoin Core was the only way to communicate with the bitcoin network. But now that I've discovered it's not, I'm curious to know how both communicate with the bitcoin network under the hood?


texts: I'm trying to test to see if transactions went through or not and blockchain.info is super helpful for this on the real network.


texts: What happens when the nonce field overflows?

texts: The nonce field of a block header is 4 bytes, so the max nonce is: 4,294,967,295. That could be computed in a few seconds with a reasonable rig (solo mining) or much quicker on large pools. What happens at that point? I assume you'd change the timestamp and start over, but on extremely powerful pools, I'm sure it's feasible to compute all 4,294,967,295 nonces for every second of the timestamp, so what happens in that eventuality?


texts: Will 2mb blocksize mean double as many transactions?

texts: If the blocksize is increase to 2MB will that mean twice as many transactions? Basically how much of the space is used on the standard variables found in the block?


texts: Ramifications of creating Electrum 2.x seeds which are not BIP39

texts:
Electrum 2.0 seeds (mnemonic phrases) are created with a checksum based algorithm (such that the hmac_sha512 starts with 01. It's usually a 13 word seed, but can be 12 in some circumstances.

If all 12 word Electrum 2.x seeds were filtered such that they are not BIP39 compatible, what is the decrease in entropy going to be?

=> The question pertains to this Python code

I guess the problem can be summed up as:

What is the percentage of 12 words Electrum 2.x seeds (relative to 13 word seeds)?
What is the percentage of Electrum 2.x (12 word) seeds which do not meet the BIP39 standard? (The last word decides the checksum)


texts: Flooding mempool with fake high fees transactions

texts: Suppose, A is a malicious attacker. He wants to flood the mempool with fake transactions. I know if an attacker broadcasts fake transactions with no fees, then mining nodes will simply increase the transaction fees to be accepted.So, that type of transactions won't be accepted. But, suppose, if an attacker broadcasts fake transactions with high fees. Is it possible to flood the memory pools with this type of transactions?


texts: Very Slow Mining on CPU with 8 Core Xeon E5-2660

texts:
I have a 8 Core Xeon E5-2660 machine with 16GB Ram (without GPU). I have used ByteCoin and MinerGate both of which gave me just 90-100 Hashes/sec.
I see people talking about 2-4 MH/s whereas I am getting only a fraction of that. Could anybody please tell me where I am going wrong, what should I do to get such hash rates.

The hardware and electricity both are free for me. Basically I have no expenses. So please give the instructions so that I can make the most of it. Which currency, miner, drivers, etc to use.


texts:
What is the main difference between a Physical bitcoin and  Paper wallet ?

And which one is more secure ? And why ?


texts: How to use Digital Signature to Sign Unsigned Transaction?

texts:
so I was trying to sign my unsigned transaction:
010000000194d612f5ec40d483ed82bf346d8f08961d61fdf2d6b9804d7731e608d816e5330000000000ffffffff01204e0000000000001600143b36ddb4d9f75f4010450b25a8952a6725981bfb00000000
with a digital signature (ECDSA SIGNATURE in hex representation) I created based on this unsigned transaction which is:
3044022098f9780241fdd9f87a222a85cc65140f61913476c2d3c0f886e328a03f897ea4022089388ea886bb4d2440893665dc54fb7d4a0498766b4752b15415fb18dc38b72a.
How to serialize these two so that I can use this digital signature to sign the unsigned transaction. Any explanation, example or any package (in Node.js) or otherwise also would be really helpful.
I tried finding examples and test cases and even went through code for bitcoinjs-lib but I've not been able to find a single example of using a digital signature to sign and send a transaction. Most of them try


texts: Why are p2sh and CHV forward-compatible but not backward-compatible?

texts:
The OP_EVAL BIP says that "Avoiding a block-chain split by malicious OP_EVAL transactions requires careful handling of two cases:

An OP_EVAL transaction that is invalid for new clients/miners but valid for old clients/miners.
An OP_EVAL transaction that is valid for new clients/miners but invalid for old clients/miners"

The later p2sh and CHV BIPS list only condition (1).

It sounds to me backward compatibility (avoiding situation 1) is more important than forward compatibility (avoiding condition 2).

Question: what would be the disadvantage of making OP_EVAL/p2sh/CHV a totally new opcode, so that any "old client" would immediately reject any transaction using the new opcode?

This would ensure that situation 1 never happens since all OP_EVAL/p2sh/CHV transactions are invalid for old clients/miners.  Old clients/miners would reject new transactions they haven't been taught about, which is pretty much what you expect to happen when you upgrade your software -- old software might not be able to read data files created by newer software.

You might say "well, then we have to force all the clients to upgrade instead of just the miners"... but the alternative is basically transferring trust from the clients to the miners, so avoiding a client upgrade doesn't come "for free" even though it might seem like it at first.

Right now the clients do all their own validity checking of the blockchain and do not rely on the miners' validity checks at all.  If 75% of the hashpower decided to change the validity rules they couldn't -- the clients don't rely on their checks.  The clients (exchanges included!) would promptly proceed to ignore the mutinying miners.  But OP_EVAL/p2sh/CHV end that clear separation: with "forward compatibility" we are asking people who use these new transactions to consent to a state of affairs in which old clients receiving coins from them will (unknowingly) transfer validity-check responsibility to the mining pool.  Nobody seems to be talking about that.


texts: How to accept payments with Blockchain in PHP

texts:
I am trying to set up sort of a BitPay system where

1) A user selects how much money they want to send (price in BTC).
2) The system gives the user an amount of money they need to pay and the address they need to send to.
3) The system checks if money is sent from the user's Bitcoin address, to the receiving address with the amount of bitcoins specified
4) If all is good, display a message or whatever, if not display error

How can I do this?


texts: What Is 51% Attack In Bitcoin? Can Crypto Mining Pools Invade A Majority Attack On Bitcoin?

texts:
As the cryptocurrency mining is becoming less profitable for the small miners with rising electricity costs and a shrunken market due to big commercial miners pool, these pools pose a risk of a 51% attack to the cryptocurrency.

https://coingape.com/what-is-51-attack-in-bitcoin-blockchain/


texts: What is the difference between bitcoin core vs bitcoinj vs bitcoind vs bitcoinqt?

texts:
What is the difference between bitcoin-core vs bitcoinj vs bitcoind vs bitcoin-tx vs bitcoin-cli vs bitcoinqt?
There are many github repo with different names around bitcoin.
Can someone really help me understand differences in between them in terms of what they offer?