texts:
What's to stop a government, say the U.S. government, from saying "Hey, it's okay if you want to use Bitcoins, but you have to use at least version 0.6.3".

And then a year later changing the law to "Hey, it's okay if you want to use Bitcoins, but we're going to make sure you're using the most up to date version of the Bitcoin client through the XYZ Act."

Then another year, a new bill: "Hey, you love Bitcoins, right?  How about this new bill that 'improves' security by requiring any Bitcoin clients to include features ABC."

Yet another year goes by and: "Woah, hey, we can't let you use a non-licensed bitcoin client, that wouldn't be very responsible!  Make sure you use one of the clients on this list!"

365 days later: "Hey man, how are you liking your Bitcoins?  Oh, great, well, we just wanted to let you know we're going to put out a client of our own.  Oh no, no major differences, we just want to make it more secure.  You can still use 3rd party clients, this just gives you more choices! GO USA!"

Another year goes by and Bitcoin is in large use by PayPal, Amazon, Ebay, NewEgg and thousands of other big name companies as well as millions of small-time mom-and-pop sites.  The government regulation and licensing requirements continue to develop and change the nature of the Bitcoin algorithm and blockchain (having the innumerable thousands of businesses using government licensed clients allows a higher than 51% control over the algorithm and blockchain rules).

Pretty soon the government dictates new code and rules that allows the easy creation of new coins by government machines.  It could also allow the insertion of a tax that strips a very small percentage away from each transaction that is sent to a central government address.  It could introduce anti-privacy changes to track geographical location or IP addresses attributed to each transaction and address.

My question is, what can we or the developers do to stop the slow year-by-year encroachment of seemingly "harmless, even helpful" laws and regulations?

If Bitcoin ever seems legitimate to Big Business and is used on very common basis, many business will gladly give in to government demands to use regulated clients if the law says they must.  A large scale switch to a government corrupted client could gain a greater than 51% control over the Bitcoin network.  All the government needs to do is wait for those willing to acquiesce to its demands to grow to more than 51%.

What can be done to prevent this?


texts: Changing prune size in working bitcoin daemon

texts:
I need to free some disk space in bitcoin server.

Will bitcoind download all blocks from scratch again if I change 'prune' value in bitcoin.conf over working daemon?


texts: Bitcoinjs-lib help with deterministc wallet

texts:
i'm learning about bitcoin, and bitcoinjs-lib (https://github.com/bitcoinjs/bitcoinjs-lib)

I created a dummy wallet on coinomi using this mnemonic ('eight better wealth display father cave suffer game sign health fit exchange noble tunnel poet remember owner letter submit illness cage calm dry noble')

and i'm trying to generate a Deterministic wallet with it.

Here is my code

  const bip39 = require('bip39')
  const bip32 = require('bip32')
  const bitcoin = require('bitcoinjs-lib')
  const network = bitcoin.networks.bitcoin;
  function getAddress (node) {
  return bitcoin.payments.p2pkh({ pubkey: node.publicKey, network}).address
  }
  const mnemonic = 'eight better wealth display father cave suffer game
  sign health fit exchange noble tunnel poet remember owner letter
  submit illness cage calm dry noble'
  console.log('Testing mnemonic: ',bip39.validateMnemonic(mnemonic))
  const seed = bip39.mnemonicToSeed(mnemonic)
  const root = bip32.fromSeed(seed)
  console.log("m/0'/0/1 ->",getAddress(root.derivePath("m/0'/0/1")));
  console.log("m/0'/0/2 ->",getAddress(root.derivePath("m/0'/0/2")));

.

and this is the output that i got

.

  Testing mnemonic: true
  m/0'/0/1 -> 17tdSW83Vjw23TdQsmZDtBAupan9WiGGd5
  m/0'/0/2 -> 17bYSjEXwZxMgVkRRt9pJgDgExiX8Xht3b

Then I go to (https://www.coinomi.com/recovery-phrase-tool.html) to test if my results are correct, and it isn't, could someone help me with this please. How to fix the code?


texts: Is it possible to use Bitcoin Core Qt as interface for DIFFERENT full node?

texts: bitcoind is running on the background, local RPC server is running, all good. But is it now possible to have GUI? To say to bitcoin-qt that it should use RPC instead of going to disk files (which are locked by the other instance)?


texts: bitcoin-qt compiles successfully but runs fail

texts:
I have compiled bitoin-qt, PTS coin and other alt-coins successfully, but they can't run concurrently.

I use MinGW4.4, QT 4.8.5 downloaded from website and QT creator 2.8.1.

This is my .pro setting:

BOOST_LIB_SUFFIX=-mgw44-mt-s-1_53
BOOST_INCLUDE_PATH=D:/C/coin/namecoinq/libs/boost_1_53_0
BOOST_LIB_PATH=D:/C/coin/namecoinq/libs/boost_1_53_0/stage/lib
BDB_INCLUDE_PATH=D:/C/coin/namecoinq/libs/db-4.8.30.NC/build_unix
BDB_LIB_PATH=D:/C/coin/namecoinq/libs/db-4.8.30.NC/build_unix
OPENSSL_INCLUDE_PATH=D:/C/coin/namecoinq/libs/openssl-1.0.1e/include
OPENSSL_LIB_PATH=D:/C/coin/namecoinq/libs/openssl-1.0.1e
MINIUPNPC_INCLUDE_PATH=D:/C/coin/namecoinq/libs
MINIUPNPC_LIB_PATH=D:/C/coin/namecoinq/libs/miniupnpc-1.8

And I uncommented this code for MinGW4.4 doesn't support it (I've used MinGW 4.6, 4.7, and 4.8; but they all failed just at compiling) :

#win32:QMAKE_LFLAGS *= -Wl,--dynamicbase -Wl,--nxcompat

These are all compiled by MinG W4.4 successfully, but both the resulting debug and release executables fail to run. I have copied the Qt DLLs to the EXE direction. When I debugged it, it crashed before entering the main source.

======================UPDATE edit==========================

I know it's because of leveldb,but I don't know what's wrong with my compiling leveldb:

 TARGET_OS=NATIVE_WINDOWS mingw32-make libleveldb.a libmemenv.a

When I use another altercoin leveldb source code,the error solves.But I use back to the original leveldb source code,the program breaks again.


texts: What, other that Fees and Luck, controls the time to confirmation?

texts:
Are there any factors that contribute to how fast a transaction is confirmed other than the Fee (sat/B), and a little bit of luck?

Does it matter what service is used?
How large the transaction is?
How many senders/receivers?


texts: Blockchain as a solution for software licensing?

texts:
I'm curious as to what blockchain could do to solve or improve upon the issues surrounding paid software licensing? (Verification, piracy prevention)

I've seen such claims all over the web when there is discussion around which domains blockchain has the potential to innovate.

I'm very interested in this if it is true but I cannot think of any tangible benefits opposed to a traditional license server (i.e. user has to verify their license key by checking against your server)

I suppose one benefit could simply be that it gives you the benefit of a license server without having to actually have a server, the blockchain would verify the validity of licenses.

Other than this, what else could blockchain do? Piracy would still be an issue, nothing will prevent me from lending my license  ( say , my private key) to my friend.

Also another problematic issue is what incentive will there be for miners?

All of the hype made me very optimistic but I can't find anything to back up these claims.


texts: What are the advantages of using Secp256k1?

texts:
Bitcoin uses secp256k1 as the specification for it's address system (https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Secp256k1). What are the advantages (and disadvantages) of using this over other specifications such as secp256r1?

Edit: I found this page (https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=151120.0) which speculates on some possible differences, but I'm hoping to find something concrete.


texts: btc mining, the largest supercomuter in existence?

texts:
I'm not sure of the best place to ask this so I'll ask it here. I had read that as far as computing power, the Bitcoin nodes represent the largest distributed super computer in the world in finding the SHA-256 hashes. Now it seemed to me such a waste and would be nice if there was a way to embed some risc instruction set into it so that it was a programable computer.

But then I thought that we don't know who created bitcoin and perhaps it is an NSA super computer or MIT experiment?

Then I even wondered if anyone could perhaps use its power somehow, perhaps with the signaling of transactions, specific addresses and private keys?

Any thoughts on this, soft question if anyone takes it seriously which I doubt?


texts: Is it possible, or advisable to install the block chain on an external ssd drive via a laptop and USB port

texts:
I am thinking of getting back to using bitcoin and am looking at the most convenient way to do so. I would like to know if it is possible to install the block chain on an external ssd drive, running it via the USB port using a laptop and an ssd storage device. Is this a viable way to run bitcoin transactions?
If so, then what spec should I be looking for when buying a laptop?

Craig


texts:
I have this testnet address: yehZoVH57FwDFC7vBRGK5ptuYHG9DfL2cf

I had used this faucet twice:
http://test.faucet.masternode.io/

When I access this explorer:
https://test.insight.dash.siampm.com/address/yehZoVH57FwDFC7vBRGK5ptuYHG9DfL2cf

My balance here is 77.5262, but

When I access this explorer:
https://chain.so/address/DASHTEST/yehZoVH57FwDFC7vBRGK5ptuYHG9DfL2cf

It dont show to me any transactions, and not, mainly, a positive balance such as the first explorer.

Whats happening on here ?

I'm a beginner in this world, so excuse me!


texts: What defines the standard Bitcoin transaction size?

texts:
The Lightning Network specifications limit the number of (unsettled) HTLCs in a channel to 483 at each side (maximum 967 total). The rationale behind this is that the penalty transaction must be under certain size:

  With a maximum standard weight of 400000 bytes, the maximum number of HTLCs that can be swept in a single transaction is as follows ...

What is a "maximum standard weight"? Where does the number 400000 come from?


texts: How often do miners recalculate the merkle root they're working on?

texts:
I think that I understood most of the things about Bitcoin but there is still a mystery.

We can see on https://blockchain.info/ that there are up to 4/5 new transactions every seconds.
My question are :
Do miners recalculate the Merkle root 4 to 5 times per second ?
What happens to transactions made exactly as the same time a block is released?

I have seen that miners can choose the transactions they want to accept, but if it was the case I would be a miner, then accept maybe 2 or 3 transactions, find the nonce and get the 25 bitcoins reward. Why is that not possible?

I thank you a lot for your answers and I hope you will be able to help me. Thank you.


texts: I can't switch between addresses so any coin I have in other wallets isn't accessible. Does anyone know how to solve this? It's the app with the bitcoin symbol on a yellow circle background for Android. Thank you!


texts:
Why would I use OP_HASH160 over OP_SHA256 and vice versa? Why are there two options? In what situations should I use one over the other?

Example unlocking scripts:

From BIP199: ( where HASHOP could be either )

    OP_IF
        [HASHOP] <digest> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <seller pubkey hash>
    OP_ELSE
        <num> [TIMEOUTOP] OP_DROP OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <buyer pubkey hash>
    OP_ENDIF
    OP_EQUALVERIFY
    OP_CHECKSIG

From miniscript's received HTLC demo:

<key_remote> OP_CHECKSIG OP_NOTIF
  <key_revocation> OP_CHECKSIG
OP_ELSE
  OP_IF
    OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <HASH160(key_local)> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY
    OP_SIZE <20> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_HASH160 <h> OP_EQUAL
  OP_ELSE
    <f003> OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY
  OP_ENDIF
OP_ENDIF


texts:
Just started with exodus. downloaded it and set up an account.
after a couple of days, I want to log in, but can't. The password doesn't work. When I want a prompt, I am asked for some 12- words -phrase that I never heard of before!
If I was never asked to set my 12-word-phrase before or given one (cause I don't know how it works, really) does it mean I never successfully started / opened my account?
the help guys didn't answer to my 2nd message....


texts: How do we know that the algorithm of Bitcoin does not embed bugs since inception?

texts:
I'm new to Bitcoin. My understanding as a trained economist (and not a programmer or IT expert) is that the key selling point of Bitcoin is the assignment of monetary policy prerogatives to an algorithm distributed across a P2P network. What this means is that people do not have to rely on a human politician (and his promises) to protect the value of the currency (which, philosophically, represents their past work) by not printing new money discretionally. Instead, they would give this task to an algorithm distributed over a P2P network, which, by definition, will KEEP its promises and will not be under the control of any one single person.

Now, my questions are:

How do we know that the algorithm cannot be modified to gain control over the expansion of the monetary base? After all, I don't think that there exists a man-made software that cannot be hacked.
Many discussions on this forum flag that suck a type of attack would be extremely expensive if not impossible. However, how do we know that such type of bug isn't already in the algorithm? See question 3
How do we know that Satoshi hasn't left a bug in his software (or purposely left out some important protective codelines) that will allow him to artificially steal or claim bitcoins at his/her discretion? After all, Satoshi, the inventor of the software has not revealed himself (or herself).
Even if Satoshi did not actually steal the money for himself, but simply left an option for himself to increase/decrease the speed of expansion of the monetary base, that would still give him a 'soft', yet enormous power, making him a de facto central bank (and people would not necessarily be aware of this). How do we know that this could not happen?


texts: What is meant by the term 'transaction pinning'?


texts: Signing transactions with un/compressed key

texts:
Good day.

I've created 2 addresses from the same private key.
One address is of course compressed, while the other isn't.

compressed_public_key = "025d9a1a0a5dab7e3e4a84c30a42ddc0d71b2da0fa1f3b99fbda9fc03eb8c75cd5"
corresponding_address = "mfjRUvWr9QZadpiRnbRfHS4UDSxdR9FE75"

uncompressed_public_key =  "045d9a1a0a5dab7e3e4a84c30a42ddc0d71b2da0fa1f3b99fbda9fc03eb8c75cd535a0b893f20338d37d20eebe2941859dfe53b175f0bb24a27bc77741f0bb8cac"
uncompressed_address = "mi4kMd3HcLUGJSouNdJZ87eUBbi7cNE6C3"

I've also send some coins to each address.

utxo_to_compressed = "963baf6eb615a09afcb05ebcdbd3db05a163994dd2035002477c753ba3281eff"
utxo_to_uncompressed = "08a1286bb379f6eb5151828505b934c1b917201592bb76bd252a53b7a3009b17"

Using bitcore I've created the private_key to sign the transactions and the utxos as follow:

privateKey = new bitcore.PrivateKey(BN, "testnet")

scriptSig =  "76a914" + hashedPubKey + "88ac";

And the hashed public keys are:
1bf398bb044e55f1971e384cc1e6d861dca3adb9 for the uncompressed
025bafbac8a8a1fcbae04f9a6aa8b6f968c9d145 for the compressed

utxo_compressed = new bitcore.Transaction.UnspentOutput({
    "txId": "08a1286bb379f6eb5151828505b934c1b917201592bb76bd252a53b7a3009b17",
    "outputIndex": 0,
  "address": "mi4kMd3HcLUGJSouNdJZ87eUBbi7cNE6C3",
    "script": scriptSig,
    "satoshis": 5000000000
});

utxo_uncompressed = new bitcore.Transaction.UnspentOutput({
    "txId": "963baf6eb615a09afcb05ebcdbd3db05a163994dd2035002477c753ba3281eff",
    "outputIndex": 0,
  "address": "mfjRUvWr9QZadpiRnbRfHS4UDSxdR9FE75",
    "script": scriptSig,
    "satoshis": 5000000000
});

Signing the compressed utxo isn't a problem.  But once I'm trying to sign the uncompressed transaction I receive an error message.

compressedTx = new bitcore.Transaction();
uncompressedTx = new bitcore.Transaction();
compressedTx.from(utxo).to(some output).sign(privateKey); <-This one works fine
uncompressedTx.from(utxo).to(some output).sign(privateKey); <-This one fails
//Some inputs have not been fully signed Use//

In the past, I've sent and redeemed transactions from uncompressed public key (I did it manually, using a simple python code). I can't seem to find any reason why the inputs weren't signed.

I'll highly appreciate any help you might have to offer


texts: What does this Blockchain info mean? Clueless

texts: This is the info but it'S all greek to me. I'm pretty nerdy about PC's but clueless in terms of bitcoins. Tell me where I can get definitive comprehensive information would be a help too.


texts: How can I install on the same Ubuntu server together Bitcoin Core and Bitcoin Cash?


texts: Why my bitcoin trading on coinbase.com is not in blockchain?

texts: I deposited USD in coinbase.com and bought some BTC, which shows in my wallet in coinbase.com. But when I search my address in blockchain.info, I saw no transaction associated with my address. I bought this about 2 month ago so it's not about delay of the transaction to blockchain. Is coinbase.com lying about my transaction? If it's not in blockchain, how can I claim that I own those bitcoin? My addresses are "1KqS8GcH9qpT9sHDuv1JXgTicCPQfBdZho", "1HMP3S6jWWnXc6nJNqPnCB3g9xMPk3iyF2" and "1A5Ttr8pfsmYFLavPjkCoKKUwoMSxbEFNV".


texts: I sent out a payment over a day ago and it's still not confirmed

texts:
https://blockchain.info/tx/3b047ef34fcd283ce57868dedb80eb239970ded1aeb10c0fe3a39360dc822056

https://blockchain.info/tx/2a774b4a29a498f95aeb8fd256c36404118fce1157aea976a3fcfe0f29a6918c

Electrum won't let me overwrite the payment with a higher fee either. Any Ideas?

EDIT: I'm using electrum and it wont let me send out another transaction without the "funds" in the wallet which are still unconfirmed. Is there a way to resend the transaction with a higher fee from a website or another wallet? Or is there a way to cancel the entire unconfirmed transaction so I can resend the payment?

Sidenote: There's not enough bitcoin in my wallet to send out a CPFP.


texts:
I finally found time to build a full bitcoind node and run electrs (not Electrum Personal Server).
What things can I do now? I know about only these:

Point my Electrum wallet client to my electrs, even over Tor (main-use case).
Searching here, some people write scripts or custom apps to talk to their Electrum Server (ElectrumX, electrs). I assume for block explorer type queries.
My own BTC RPC Block Explorer would query my Electrum Server (and bitcoind?)

Questions:

Can non-Electrum wallets talk to Electrum Server? Is there an easy way to find which ones?

I'd like to make my own mempool observer app. Maybe I would query Electrum Server, or is bitcoind better?

In what situations would I call Electrum Server's api vs. calling bitcoind?
Said another way: What API data does bitcoind provide vs. Electrum Server, and is there any overlap in info they both provide?


texts: How to create and edit a bitcoin wiki page?I do not have permission to create page,How to get permission to edit in Bitcoin Wiki?


texts:
I've seen plenty of people looking into setting up coin exchanges.  I'm also interested in the development of cyptocurrencies and think it might be a good idea to get involved in the business environment as well.

I'm wondering, however, if starting one is a worthwhile investment, considering one must balance server costs, development, etc.  I'm an intermediate software developer yet understand creating an exchange is beyond my limits, so I would certainly need a team to help me realize this goal.

If the only profits of the coin exchange are a small fee for every transaction, I can't imagine an exchange would be highly profitable and certainly wouldn't be able to pay off development/server fees?


texts: How can I export the private key for an address from the satoshi client?

texts: If I want to transfer an address from the satoshi client into a different client, how can I find its private key to do so?


texts: I held Bitcoin in Multibit before the summer fork and later found that it wasn't supported anymore and installed Electrum. If I install Electroncash and use the same seed phrase, will I recover my Bitcoin Cash and should I also install Electroncash on a seperate machine to Electrum?


texts: How many coins are needed to ensure stability i.e. neither inflation nor deflation?

texts:
The key to currency stability is to have neither too many nor too few of a currency in circulation. So what is the "Goldilocks" area going to be if Bitcoin really catches on and everybody wants to use it?

Could it turn out that demand will outstrip supply of the coins, resulting in inflation? Has this already happened?

It seems to me that if a popular retailer like Newegg were to begin accepting Bitcoins then this could cause a spike in use and inflation.


texts: What makes an extended public or private key?

texts:
I was under the impression that an extended public key was comprised of the public key + chain code, and I'm unfamiliar with what comprises the extended private key.

However this does not seem to be the case. As per pywallet:

The key consists of
            * 4 byte version bytes (network key)
            * 1 byte depth:
                - 0x00 for master nodes,
                - 0x01 for level-1 descendants, ....
            * 4 byte fingerprint of the parent's key (0x00000000 if master key)
            * 4 byte child number. This is the number i in x_i = x_{par}/i,
              with x_i the key being serialized. This is encoded in MSB order.
              (0x00000000 if master key)
            * 32 bytes: the chain code
            * 33 bytes: the public key or private key data
              (0x02 + X or 0x03 + X for public keys, 0x00 + k for private keys)
              (Note that this also supports 0x04 + X + Y uncompressed points,
              but this is totally non-standard and this library won't even
              generate such data.)

It isn't so straight forward as publickey + chaincode. Can someone deconstruct an extended key from beginning to end? According to the amazing iancoleman website the network has an effect on this as well, which doesn't make sense to me either but clearly (as shown above) it is a part of this formula.


texts: How accounts, wallets and addresses are related

texts: I have downloaded litecoin code (version of 14 september,2014) and built it. so right now I have a wallet. i have account which's name is just "". then i connected my miner to my node. It solved the block and now I have a balance. ./litecoin-cli getbalance "" returns 150LTC , but as I can see, there're 3 addresses which belong to this account (""); why all of these 3 addresses have balance 0.000? how is it possible that account has a balance and not the addresses? Even if i type ./litecoin-cli getinfo it tells me that my balance is 0.0000 , but if i type ./litecoin-cli getbalance "" why does it return 150?


texts: Configure esplora to point to the bitcoind servers ip address - Part 2

texts:
Continuing on from this post: Configure esplora to point to the bitcoind servers ip address

Trying to run cargo run --release --bin electrs -- -vvv --daemon-dir ~/.bitcoin, but it kept saying that the .cookie file is missing.  I manually created the .cookie file with user:pass and I am now getting the following error message:

Any idea how to correct this?


texts: How to refund money send to an address already used

texts: I sent money to a block chain wallet address which had once been used to receive money. Now money is not found in the account. What do I do to recover the money. Thanks


texts: Do I need to backup a wallet every time I generate a new address?

texts:
This question concerns the Armory client.

Since Armory has deterministic wallets, do I only need to back up a wallet one time (after creation), or do I need to back it up each time I create a new address with that wallet?

In other words, can all addresses, that a deterministic wallet creates, be recreated again if I lose these addresses, but still have a backup of the "genesis" wallet (I assume that, in this context, that is meant with a deterministic wallet, correct)?


texts: EstimateSmartFee returning same amount, regardless of conf_target

texts:
Running 18.0 on Testnet, fully synced at 1541869 blocks.

bitcoin-cli estimatesmartfee 10

{
  "feerate": 0.00001014,
  "blocks": 10
}

bitcoin-cli estimatesmartfee 50

{
  "feerate": 0.00001014,
  "blocks": 50
}

bitcoin-cli estimatesmartfee 1000

{
  "feerate": 0.00001012,
  "blocks": 1000
}

bitcoin-cli getblockchaininfo

  "verificationprogress": 0.9999922066691247,
  "initialblockdownload": false,
  "size_on_disk": 24450857625,

Any ideas? Thanks


texts: Which cryptocurrency exchange provides a trailing stop limit orders?

texts: There so many exchanges as of today (2017), but they all seem to only provide a basic stop limit order, but are there any exchanges that provide a trailing stop limit order?


texts:
I'm not sure what is the difference between regtest and testnet, they seem are different things but i cant find the different between them.

Does one have more stuff than others?

On the regtest, peer are seem to not being found.


texts: What are some proposed privacy features coming to the bitcoin lightning network?

texts:
If I'm correct, a bitcoin sent into a lightning channel technically looks like any Bitcoin transaction. From there if the channel never closes, the Bitcoins can essentially stay in a "locked" state in that channel which can give it some interesting properties such as the most needed feature in Bitcoin, privacy & fungibility.

What are some projects that are currently implementing privacy features into the Bitcoin lightning network? If there aren't any, what has been discussed that could be possible?


texts: How can I use the USB block erupters to mine Namecoin?

texts:
Since the block erupter is useless to mine for Bitcoin now. From what I understand the only other two options would be is to mine Namecoin or Devcoin since they use SHA256 encryption. But how can I mine these? Would cgminer work? or is there another app that i need to use?

Also are Namecoin and Devcoin the only ones that use SHA256?


texts: Bitcoin transaction no confirmation unspent

texts:
https://blockchain.info/tx/9268c85e3f387e8ed98a1f1b8cd4aacececaeef9f1a0e029ca8ba12024668407?show_adv=true

This is the blockchain ID, not sure if its useful. Can someone please mine it if thats how it works


texts: Increasing the odds when solo mining with low-medium hashrates

texts:
I never saw anything concrete related to this so I dare to ask here.
First, my situation:
I'm currently mining solo, on a private pool, with roughly 350Th/s. That to be increased soon with another ~200Th/s.
I know my odds, right now, from the plenty online calculators, I should solve a block roughly once a month at this diff.

But, would either or both of these following measures increase my chances?
 - First is running the pool bitcoin daemon as a full node with port 8333 open to the world.
 - The second is lowering the relayfee which is default to 0.00001000B.


texts:
I have some doubts about the closure of a lightning network channel. As far as I know, there can be (al least) 4 different scenarious:

one node decides to close the channel, and the other one accept the decision. The channel is then succesfully closed.
one node decides to close the channel, but the other node doesn't respond to its request. A time period passes, and the channel will be closed with the transaction of the first node. In this case, what would happen if a user tries to close the channel with a malicious transaction (i.e., with an older transaction), and the other user doesn't respond?
one node decides to close the channel with an older transaction, and the other node claim all the funds due to a malicious intention.
one node decides to close the channel but the other node refuses. Is it possible this scenario? What would happen in this case?


texts: Whose blockchains are all these ICOs using? Bitcoin's? Ethereum? Are they creating their own?

texts:
This is a general blockchain question - not specifically bitcoin. Hoping this is the right place:

When a company raises money through an ICO such as Telegram, are they creating their coins and blockchains from scratch? Are they creating their own process of mining which needs to be maintained? OR, are they utilising Ethereum's blockchain and their solidity code as a platform for example?


texts: Can't send the funds - encryption password forgotten. Copay

texts: I know my 12 word phrase but can't remember the encryption password. What is the procedure to recover the wallet? How many times can I insert the encryption password wrong before my account gets blocked? I've got several passwords which I'd like to test.


texts: Is it possible (not feasible) to mine bitcoins with Bitcoin Core v0.21.1?

texts:
Before you tell me, yes, I'm aware CPU mining is dead in 2021 and attempting to do so will likely just burn CPU time for no good reason.
However, my question is not whether mining is feasible, but whether it is possible with the (currently) latest version of Bitcoin Core, v0.21.1. From my understanding, it was possible in 2016, but the internal miner was "removed" in v0.13.0. Looking at the code, it's unclear to me whether it's still possible; miner.cpp is still present, for example. All that seems to remain is the "-generate" option. Does this option actually allow mining on mainnet?
If the answer is no: Isn't Bitcoin Core meant to be the reference implementation of Bitcoin? And given that, isn't it a bit odd that the reference implementation does contain one of the core components of Bitcoin, that is, the mining system? I understand it's pointless to do so, but as the reference implementation, shouldn't Bitcoin Core provide this feature regardless?


texts: How fast is BitcoinJ for getting UTXOs(/UnspentTXOuts)?

texts:
I'm making an app where I need to be able to get unspent TX outs very quickly for addresses I do not know beforehand.

Now this is supported by Bitcoins architecture in that you can have a pruned merkle branch and TX data taking only ~300 bytes and of course someone could index that by addresses.

The question is how quickly can BitcoinJ do this?

Will it synch up the whole chain using bloom filters or can it directly poll BitcoinD nodes for UTXO data for a specific address?

I worry that if it synchs the whole chain then even with bloom filters it will take maybe 10 seconds.


texts:
I got the block hash from zmq.

00000000000000000045c639280aee532c5b12b03c80bfdec7aae674fd8246e0

I want to decode the above block hash. Could anyone tell me how to decode the above block hash?


texts: What's the mnemonic seed for in Blockchain.info, if they use non-deterministic wallets?

texts:
When you create an account, you are given a mnemonic seed that you have to write down. It's supposed to be used for recovering your coins if you lose access to your account (I think that's what it said when I created one).

But now I'm reading that the wallets are non-deterministic. So what's the mnemonic for then?


texts: Can I have the same wallet opened in multiple computers?

texts:
I wanna put my wallet.dat to another node, and keep them online at the same time, Can I do like that?  and is there any problem?

BTW, how can I  do load balance with bitcoin node?  Thx


texts: Compute capability error when trying to compile ccminer

texts:
I am trying to compile ccminer to work with a GPU that has compute capability 3.5.

When I compile with the default nvcc_ARCH (compute capability 5.0 + 5.2), the code compiles but when I try to benchmark ./ccminer --benchmark I get the following error:

Cuda error in func 'quark_blake512_cpu_setBlock_80' at line 815 : invalid device symbol.

For what I have been able to figure out, this error is related to compute capability errors, and that is why I tried changing the setting in the makefile.

I have changed Makefile.am accordingly so that nvcc_ARCH matches only the 3.5 capability (only 3.5), and I get this error:

ptxas /tmp/tmpxft_000015a2_00000000-6_cuda_x11_echo.ptx, line 10165; error   : Instruction 'lop3' requires .target sm_50 or higher

I have also tried maintaining the original nvcc_ARCH (5.0 and 5.2) and appending the 3.5 line (+), and this is the error I get:

ptxas /tmp/tmpxft_00006277_00000000-6_cuda_x11_echo.compute_35.ptx, line 9182; error   : Instruction 'lop3' requires .target sm_50 or higher

With all 4 lines of nvcc_ARCH uncommented, this is the error I get when compiling:

Algo256/cuda_bmw256.cu(337): error: identifier "__ldg" is undefined

What am I missing here? Am I trying to do this the wrong way? Is this problem not related with ccminer and I am looking at the wrong place?


texts: Any data immediately written to the blockchain when opening a lightning channel?

texts:
When opening a lightning channel, is there any data immediately written to the blockchain?
I mean, the channel is not considered opened until the data is on the blockchain.
The data may be the funding transaction, or may be some sort of 2-to-2 multisignature script, I don't know.

If the answer is yes, then... is it possible that an opened channel becomes invalid due to a blockchain fork, i.e., the blockchain where the data reside being replaced by a longer,conflicting blockchain?

If the answer is further yes, then, is it possible that some sort of double-spending attacks can be launched on the lightning network?


texts: Unconfirmed transaction for 6 days now. Please help

texts:
I have an unconfirmed transaction that has been sitting there for 6 days now. Any assistance would be greatly appreciated.  Thanks.

https://blockchain.info/tx/98d4fee15e8eab8b78237a7b2eda8c62aa7c43a2e157b09ed4ee5b944092da6d

Cheers

Hoowee


texts: Can larger transactions have a lesser fee per byte than smaller ones and still get equally treated?

texts:
Is the term "volume discounting" applicable in bitcoin transactions, meaning can a user pay less satoshi/Byte if a few transactions are bundled into one?
In other words, would a fee for a single bundled transaction be less than the sum of fees for several small-sized (in bytes) transactions?


texts:
I have just bought some Litecoin and Bitcoin. There are many addresses that seem to be created as I press Send and Receive.
Do I need to allocate one of those generate addresses to my purchased Coin or can I just press Send and put the Recipient address. What happens when I put my email address ?

I'm so bad at this.
Thanks
Chris


texts: How do you configure the Antminer S1 to mine Dash?

texts: Does someone mine Dash with an Antminer S1? How do you configure it? What pools can I use?


texts: Unable to sweep account using WIF, Green wallet says "No UTXO found"

texts:
I am trying to learn the process BTC transactions.
In the process, I generated

Private key : 82e8034869c77744655899d450f9fe2f01fad030bf8af4ea75b310d1a140f554
Corresponding address generated : 2MwVArnwmXQokkhn61Dgi68LnxBEuM1SrxN
WIF : 93NdjSVUcd172o55kErspBPn8jARKq4veeb3pVZyoTSa49bqnpU
Transaction : https://live.blockcypher.com/btc-testnet/tx/8c8140845faef14f860147fcd774355af665098c89cd35b59efee5c8efef3b66/

When I try to sweep using the WIF into Green Wallet by BlockStream, it says No UTXO found. Help me understand what exactly am I doing wrong here.


texts:
About 14 hours ago I had about 700 Cat coins and 500000 Doge coins on my Cryptsy account. I have sold 0.02725061 BTC worth of DOGE and withdraw it to another address. Soon after as expected I received an email to verify the withdrawal.

About 30 minutes later my account got hacked. All of my Doge coins ware withdrawn from my account, All of my Cat coins ware sold to BTC and then they were also withdrawn from my account.

All of this happened while I was using my PC, therefore it can't be a remote desktop program. Secondly, this account has two factor authentication which requires access to my phone, which means that simply having my user name and my password would not help in this case.

The most disturbing thing hare is that I did not receive a verification email for any of these 2 withdrawals. As far as I know after every withdrawal from Cryptsy I'm supposed to get a email to verify the withdrawal, which clearly did not happen. Whoever did this managed to withdraw from my account without needing to access to my email account, which indicates that there is a serious security hole in Cryptsy.

By the time I found out about this all of the transactions ware already confirmed. I opened a support ticket, but I did not receive an answer yet. I just can't wrap my mind around this. How on earth did this happen? He bypassed my two factor authentication,  he did it while I way using my PC, and he did it without needing to access my email.

Any Ideas?


texts: What can I do with "unspent" transactions? Can I transmit them to a chain?

texts: I withdrew some bitcoin from a service's account I maintain. The transaction shows up in my wallet, but it has been marked as "unspent" ever since. What does this mean?


texts: Why can't Bitcoin switch over to Gridcoin's proof of work system?

texts:
Gridcoin advertises itself as a "a mandatory competitive reward mechanism based on contributing the most towards BOINC projects on top of existing cryptocurrency technology."

Is there a reason why Bitcoin couldn't use Gridcoin's proof of work system, either to secure the system, or to distribute coins? What consequences would switching to their system have?

Related: What sort of calculations do the miners have your computer do?


texts:
How can I use my Bitcoin ID created in Bread Wallet on a OSX Desktop app. MultibitHD requires an Date stamp to "recover" passphrase. Is there a Mac app that works with Bread Wallet?

TIA,
Dave


texts: Will expensive mining equipement have any worth in the future?

texts:
With more and more people picking up advanced ASIC miners, the difficulty is going up while the remaining coins are going down. If miners continue joining at this or a faster rate, the limit might be reached much sooner than originally expected.

I worry about purchasing any mining equipment because I don't want to have a $2,000 investment that can not recoup its cost within say, 10 years - or at all.

So is it even worth buying newer mining equipment, or is it better to stick with whatever is around?

UPDATE: To clarify, I'm not asking about how an ASIC mining rig can be reused. I am well aware that it has a single purpose and cannot be reused. I'm asking if it is even worth spending a lot of money on such a thing.


texts:
I use the convert functions at coinbase to take advantage of market changes to increase my position amounts.

This weekend I am going to write a php script that tracks the available conversion pairs and makes charts & notifications when a coin you are holding has increased in price and swapping coins may be beneficial.

Example: 5 BCH = 8 ETH.  BCH increases by 5%, now 5 BCH = 8.4 ETH.  You make the swap and wait.  BCH retraces AND/OR ETH increases in price... Maybe now 8.4 ETH = 5.06 BCH.

The end result in the example is an increase of .06 BCH.

Does Coinbase offer an API for the convert functions?  Could not find it...


texts: Is there an API with which I could obtain the exchange rate of bitcoin to dollar some time in the past by giving the desired time as parameter?

texts:
I would also like the the result to be precise to hour (or minute).

It is for a java program.

I have looked around, but the service I have found could not satisfy my need:
http://www.coindesk.com/api/: only precise to date

https://api.coinbase.com/v1/prices/historical?page=1 (from https://community.coinbase.com/t/past-bitcoin-exchange-rates/1725): need to adjust page number to find the desired time (at which one wants the value of exchange rate)

http://api.bitcoincharts.com/v1/csv/: I am not exactly sure what it does, but it seems that one needs to download different files from this site containing "USD" in the file names, check in all the files before finding the desired time


texts: Fee-gathering advantages for geo-optimised miners

texts:
As the fee-in-reward percentage grows relative to subidy, will profitability increasingly be proportional to the number of listening nodes a miner has access to?
While Bitcoin Core randomises transaction propagation, would larger operations with many geographically-optimised listening nodes have increased advantages in discovering newer more profitable transactions?
Matt Corallo has done exceptional work in relation to FIBRE and even donates resources for the public version of the UDP/FEC network. However, in a post-issuance world will such privately operated networks become even more necessary in future?
I am aware of some existing studies in relation to privacy and chainalysis, however I am seeking any further works in relation to fee gathering analysis such as - https://blog.bitmex.com/bitcoin-miner-transaction-fee-gathering-capability/
To clarify, an entity with significant resources could configure many listening nodes throughout the network and use custom (faster) UDP delivery back to a central location. Block templates could be built from there. It is likely they would be mining more profitable blocks in the long run.


texts: How is it possible to say that a bitcoin was fully spent?

texts:
Is a simple question, but I want to understand this at the low level.

Since the UTXO is a database with the yet-to-be-spent coins, how can I say that a given coin was already full spent? What would be a "half"-spent coin (if this is even possible)?


texts:
Approach

I'm trying to install bitcore on Windows 10 and Ubuntu 18 but I could not.

Problem

I have followed the following steps:

# Install NVM (1)
#  Install script
#   With CURl
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.33.11/install.sh | bash
#       or Wget:
wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.33.11/install.sh | bash

Adds the source line to your profile (~/.bash_profile, ~/.zshrc, ~/.profile, or ~/.bashrc)

export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm

# Install Node.js v4 LTS
nvm install v4
# Install ZeroMQ and Tools
apt-get install libzmq3-dev build-essential
# Install Bitcore
npm install -g bitcore

  More information

Bitcore Full

NVM

But when I run it I get the following errors

  Error in Windows con git

$ npm install -g bitcore

Output

> bitcore-node@3.1.3 preinstall C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\bitcore\node_modules\bitcore-node
> ./scripts/download

"." no se reconoce como un comando interno o externo,
programa o archivo por lotes ejecutable.
npm WARN Error: EPERM: operation not permitted, lstat 'C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\bitcore\node_modules\utf-8-validate\node_modules'
npm WARN  { Error: EPERM: operation not permitted, lstat 'C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\bitcore\node_modules\utf-8-validate\node_modules'
npm WARN   stack: 'Error: EPERM: operation not permitted, lstat \'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\bitcore\\node_modules\\utf-8-validate\\node_modules\'',
npm WARN   errno: -4048,
npm WARN   code: 'EPERM',
npm WARN   syscall: 'lstat',
npm WARN   path: 'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\bitcore\\node_modules\\utf-8-validate\\node_modules' }
npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE
npm ERR! errno 1
npm ERR! bitcore-node@3.1.3 preinstall: `./scripts/download`
npm ERR! Exit status 1
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Failed at the bitcore-node@3.1.3 preinstall script.
npm ERR! This is probably not a problem with npm. There is likely additional logging output above.

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
npm ERR!     C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\npm-cache\_logs\2018-06-24T12_23_42_800Z-debug.log

  Error in Ubuntu

npm install -g bitcore

Output

> bitcore-node@3.1.3 preinstall /root/.nvm/versions/node/v4.9.1/lib/node_modules/bitcore/node_modules/bitcore-node
> ./scripts/download

./scripts/download: line 30: cd: /root/.nvm/versions/node/v4.9.1/lib/node_modules/bitcore/node_modules/bitcore-node/scripts/../bin: Permission denied
npm ERR! Linux 4.15.0-22-generic
npm ERR! argv "/root/.nvm/versions/node/v4.9.1/bin/node" "/root/.nvm/versions/node/v4.9.1/bin/npm" "install" "-g" "bitcore"
npm ERR! node v4.9.1
npm ERR! npm  v2.15.11
npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE

npm ERR! bitcore-node@3.1.3 preinstall: `./scripts/download`
npm ERR! Exit status 1
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Failed at the bitcore-node@3.1.3 preinstall script './scripts/download'.
npm ERR! This is most likely a problem with the bitcore-node package,
npm ERR! not with npm itself.
npm ERR! Tell the author that this fails on your system:
npm ERR!     ./scripts/download
npm ERR! You can get information on how to open an issue for this project with:
npm ERR!     npm bugs bitcore-node
npm ERR! Or if that isn't available, you can get their info via:
npm ERR!
npm ERR!     npm owner ls bitcore-node
npm ERR! There is likely additional logging output above.

npm ERR! Please include the following file with any support request:
npm ERR!     /root/npm-debug.log

Question

Someone who has executed it sees an erroneous step or the same thing happens to him and he has solved it.

Thank you !!


texts:
How can I share my bitcoin wallet with my family members? Such that if my grandmother spends one btc one day, I see that reflected on my computer, etc.

This is also a great safety mechanism, in case one of our family member's hard drive crashes, the other members will still have the wallet.


texts: is it currently possible in the Bitcoin blockchain to send coins to an address only after two parties sign messages signaling the funds to be released

texts:
Like the question states, is it currently possible in the Bitcoin blockchain to send coins to an address, but have the transaction written into a block or validated only after two parties sign messages into the blockchain that the funds should be released?

If it does exist, how does this technically work?

A comment describing or linking to something similar to this or on the off-chain level would be appreciated too.


texts: How to restore wallet from wallet words after hard drive crash with no back up?

texts: If I lost wallets on hard drive crash, how do I restore with just my wallet words? Restoring data from back up is not working


texts: What node implementations and mining pools relay and process 'non-standard' scripts?

texts:
Which Bitcoin node implementations, if any, currently relay valid transactions that use so-called 'non-standard' scripts? What proportion of the network is made up of these implementations? What proportion of the network's hashing power will include transactions with valid but 'non-standard' scripts in their blocks?

To clarify the term 'non-standard', I'm referring to the function IsStandard(), and the following comment on the Bitcoin Wiki:

  non-standard scripts are accepted if they are in a block, but nodes will not relay them.


texts: How to retrieve readable private key from bitcoinjs-lib

texts:
I'm still new to bitcoin and experimenting a lot with bitcoinjs-lib in JavaScript.

How do I create a readable string from a private key?
This is my current setup:

      const seed = bip39.mnemonicToSeed(seedPhrase)
      const bitcoinNetwork = bitcoin.networks.testnet
      const hdMaster = bitcoin.bip32.fromSeed(seed, bitcoinNetwork) // seed from above
      const keyPair = hdMaster.derivePath('m/0')
      // try to get private key as readable string
      const privateKeyBuffer = Buffer.from(keyPair.privateKey)
      const privateKey = privateKeyBuffer.toString('utf8')
      console.log('privateKey → ', privateKey)
      // fail to get private key as readable string
      const { address } = bitcoin.payments.p2pkh({ pubkey: keyPair.publicKey })

any ideas for me?


texts:
There is a problem in making and sending transaction.
I got UTXOS by using API(GreenAddress), and from utxos I made a transaction. But calculated fee is always larger than one in original GA service.
Sometimes success to send transaction.
Sometimes, receives error like this 'Invalid signature'.
I can't find out reason.
Help me.


texts:
I have a very basic understanding of how the bitcoin blockchain works and am trying to understand how manipulating transactions in a 51% attack works.

I just watched a video which stated 51% attacks can't steal bitcoins from people's wallets. Is this true?

My understanding is if someone successfully implemented a 51% attack i.e. they created a longer chain than the current chain, then they would most likely have manipulated one or more of the transactions which had been confirmed in the original true bitcoin chain.

I assume the reason they can't steal someone's bitcoin directly from their wallet is because they would be unable to create a transaction to send bitcoin from that person's wallet, as they would need their private key to do that.

That said if for example William had sent 1 bitcoin to Sarah who previously had 0 bitcoin in her wallet. Could they not simply remove that transaction from their new/manipulated chain? This would then mean Sarah no longer has the 1 bitcoin in her wallet effectively stealing that 1 bitcoin from her.

William would still have the 1 bitcoin meaning he could now reuse that 1 bitcoin. I assume this is what they mean by double spend i.e. he can now spend that same 1 bitcoin again.

If this is possible then the blockchain would view Sarah's wallet as having 0 bitcoin. If in a later block Sarah had sent that 1 bitcoin to her friend Helen, then wouldn't that transaction be invalid? If so would this mean the person creating the fake blockchain would have to also remove that invalid transaction?

If that is the case it could presumably create a knock on effect where multiple future transactions are now invalid. Helen's wallet (like Sarah's wallet) could have only contained the 1 bitcoin Sarah had sent her, so if Helen had sent that bitcoin to someone else that transaction would now also be invalid.


texts: Can someone explain why I only received 1 output (24 cents) from my transaction ($3,253.29)

texts:
Hash 0608854cc459dd9b126b20b9a605ea0ed877500a4a92e31ece6b08e3aaeaf937
I sent ($3,253.29) USDT from cryptonator to my BTC coinbase wallet and I only received 24 cents. Can somebody please explain what happened here? I'm freaking out and it was my entire savings.
Please help!


texts: Is a multi script possible that requires relative time locks relative to each signature?

texts:
I've been wondering about cold storage multi sig security.

Specifically, I was wondering how secure it is with respect to a kidnapper. If a kidnapper took X hostage, and threatened to kill him, X would simply share the other members (ie Y, Z), required to submit a transaction. In that case, X could be forced to call Y & Z, and tell them some arbitrary reason he needed them to sign on such short notice, (or even tell them the truth if he really feared for his life), and Y and Z would certainly sign to keep their friend X alive.

Please let me know if I'm missing something in the above scenario...

Because of the above scenario, I was wondering if it is possible to require a wait time between signatures in a multi sig.

That would result in a kidnapper needing to hold X hostage for, say 1 week, before Y's signature would be valid, and possibly another 1 week before Z's signature would be valid. This seems a lot safer since the attack cannot be completed as quickly and an attacker would need to 'not get caught by police' over a much longer time frame.

I've looked at OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY but I have never played with script yet so I'm not sure I totally understand.

Would something like the below work?

"+1week" CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY DROP <X pubkey>
"+2week" CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY DROP <Y pubkey>
"+3week" CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY DROP <Z pubkey>


texts: In downloading the newer client, do I need to worry about my addresses and hence bitcoins disappearing, or will everything in the old wallet transfer nicely into the new?


texts:
I am having a question regarding forks. We had a discussion about attacks on bitcoin in class recently. One of the attacks was about how an attacker gains some advantage if he is able to mine a block and hold it back. He would release the block only if another miner finds a block in order to create a fork.

After that we had been discussing if it would be possible to create a fork somewhere in the past. Let's say an attacker decides now I would like to fork the blockchain 2 days ago. He starts to mine blocks from the time in the past and tries to create a longer chain. As soon he has a longer chain, he releases it and hope that the chain forks.

My question is now: Is that actually possible? Is it possible to fork the blockchain somewhere in the past if we are able to create a longer chain and release it later?

I tried to find some information but all I get is hard fork information.
Thanks in advance


texts: How to add support for segwit address and legacy with bitcoin core 0.16?

texts:
I've been running bitcoin core 0.15 as regtest, and had X bitcoin in my balance all are from legacy output addresses, As I upgraded to 0.16 core version check in debug the legacy addresses are still validated as mine. but no balance. I wonder will this happen as I will upgrade my wallet at the mainnet as well ?
I wish to be able and support creation of legacy address and SegWit on the same wallet and as of comments on How to generate SegWit address I see I will need to run bitcoin core each time with a new param "-addresstype=legacy" to enable it, so is there a better way ?

[edit 1] - I should/need to run with same "-datadir" arg ?
[edit 2] - I run it under same -datadir.
[edit 3] - I’ve opened issue
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/12872


texts:
I'm looking to make my own NxT testnet for developpement purpose but couldn't find a way to do it.

I'm currently using the normal " testnet " but couldn't find the way to properly configure the nxt-default.propreties so that i could make local testnet.

Do you guys have any pointers ? or config files ? Will i be able to use my testnet on the same computer or should it be run on a server the same way a public node would ? What about setting up the configure of the genesis block , etc ?

Hope you guys can help


texts: Why volume from ticker in Kraken API is always whole number

texts:
You get something like this (formatted) when querying for ticker https://api.kraken.com/0/public/Ticker?pair=XXBTZUSD

{
    "error": [],
    "result": {
        "XXBTZUSD": {
            "a": [
                "3906.00100",
                "2",
                "2.000"
            ],
            "b": [
                "3906.00000",
                "4",
                "4.000"
            ],
            ...
        }
    }
}

Third numbers (volume) in a and b are always positive whole numbers. They never contain fraction part. Given that unit of this ticker is XBT it looks absolutely unrealistic. Comparing with https://www.kraken.com/charts it also looks completely wrong. Could you please explain it?


texts: Why can't exchanges share their bid/ask contract pool?

texts: I'm checking up different exchanges and about to make my first purchase. Then I noticed there are so many different exchanges, and each has quite different liquidity and bid/ask spread. Why is it so? Why is there no arbitrager to trade between exchanges?


texts:
I wish to allow people to purchase items at my shop using bitcoin.  I've heard however that blocks take 10 minutes on average to process and transactions may not even be processed in the next block if the transaction fee isn't high enough.

So does this mean that my customers will need to wait at least 10 minutes before I can verify they have made a payment and I can allow them to take their item?


texts:
I'm new to this BTC world, one day someone offered me to pay using BTC and made me create a wallet on https://multibit.org

I recently used it to pay for something online, and another transaction and another one ...

Now, my wallet is almost empty and I need more BTC to make more purchase so the question is : How to add bitcoins in my wallet ? *would like to use my credit card

There's only send/receive options in there :)

Thanks for showing me the way


texts: Total channel count differs from explorers

texts:
I have my own c-lightning node. listchannels returns 11,455 but explorers, e.g https://explore.casa/ show around 39,000. Do I need to set something to get all channel info?

$ lightning-cli listchannels | grep source | wc
  11455   22910  996585

I'm thinking "initial_routing_sync" might be relevant. But I can't find how to use it.

  upon receiving an init message with the initial_routing_sync flag set to 1:
  SHOULD send gossip messages for all known channels and nodes, as if they were just received.

https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lightning-rfc/blob/master/07-routing-gossip.md

Update 1

I restarted clightning 3 hours ago but still the count is 8,433. And seems the number stays at the almost same number.

What I did:

1. Stop lightningd
2. Delete /home/lightningd/.lightning/gossip_store
3. Start lightningd
4. Connect to a peer

$ lightning-cli connect 03efccf2c383d7bf340da9a3f02e2c23104a0e4fe8ac1a880c8e2dc92fbdacd9df@144.76.235.20:9735

5. Wait for 3 hours
6. Check the count

$ lightning-cli listchannels | grep source | wc
   8433   16866  733671


texts:
I have a question concerning the transaction of bitcoins. If, for example, I send some BTC to a specific address, does the receiver have any chance in verifying that I have already sent the BTC, before they are being registered in his wallet? I know there is http://blockexplorer.com/, where I can look the transactions up. But is there any functionality for it in the Bitcoin-Client, which I could use in RPC-Calls?

Use case for this: Assume there is an application that uses Bitcoin via RPC-Calls to the Client. I want to buy something via the application and the seller should be able to see that I paid the correct amount of BTC without having to wait for the transaction to be finally redeemed in his client.

Thanks in advance!


texts: Are hashes of Merkle tree roots unique throughout whole blockchain?

texts:
The "Mastering Bitcoin" book says that each block header contains a 32B long hash of the Merkle root for all the transactions it contains.
If I extract all these Merkle roots from all the blocks in the blockchain (longest branch only) and put them in a list, will that list have any duplicates?


texts: Has anyone tried mining with visitors' computers

texts:
Some sites like http://www.bitcoinplus.com/generate allow that.

But can javascript take advantage of GPU?


texts: createPaymentTransactionNew with Bech32 address

texts:
How to properly call createPaymentTransactionNew using @ledgerhq/hw-app-bt to spend utxos from a bech32 transaction?
This is the code I'm using to call it, having previously defined inputs and purpose, coinPath, accountNumber:
tx = await appBtc.createPaymentTransactionNew({
                    inputs: inputs,
                    associatedKeysets: `${purpose}'/${coinPath}'/${accountNumber}'/0/0`,
                    outputScriptHex: outputScriptHex,
                    segwit:true,
                    additionals: ["bech32"]
                });


texts: How can wallets users know their private keys?

texts:
Why don't some bitcoin wallets give the private keys to its users?
Is it safe to use these wallets? Is there any way for the users to know their private keys without the need to contact the wallets companies?


texts: Is there any punishment for Having more than 50% of the mining power of the network

texts:
I am just curious about it.

In history once it happened That GHASH.io owns 52% mining power, he was malicious and sell 5% to other miner. Bitcoin community keep watch on everything?


texts: In a perfect world, should RIPE160 be used as the block ID or transaction ID?

texts:
Edit: In this question I'm looking at storage advantages, and network bandwidth savings.

Given that the TxID and BlockID uses SHA256 to uniquely identify a transaction (and block) is there any reason that RIPEMD shouldn't be used in a brand new/different alt-coin?


texts: Ardor API: Not able to use POST requests with Axios due to CORS issues

texts:
I am having issues with POST requests to the Ardor API. This code:

<!DOCTYPE html>

Preflight request to CORS enabled Ardor Node fails

The result should appear here

<button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">Try it</button>

fails during preflight. Chrome:

  Failed to load http://localhost:26876/nxt: Response to preflight request doesn't pass access control check: No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource. Origin 'http://127.0.0.1:3000' is therefore not allowed access. The response had HTTP status code 403.

What I understand is that it is not me who needs to send the 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header but the Ardor/NXT node.

Likely its just me not getting it. There are options around, you can change the content type, is that possible with NXT API? Is that something anybody had to do?

Its just failing for POST, GET works fine.

Thanks for any pointers in the right direction.


texts:
can someone help me with this?
thank you
https://blockchain.info/tx-index/1b8e3e8064d28e6728212169f1479c1b359a88452854844afa562de1e6d6d800


texts: Step by Step - how does sending 1 bitcoin work?

texts:
I've been reading about how BitCoin works for a few weeks now - and I'm trying to understand under-the-hood how the cryptography works.

So i'll explain what I know at the moment - and if someone could clear it up for me? Or provide links to papers that may explain it a bit better (I've read the original bitcoin.pdf, but it is a bit vague)

Scenario:

I have an address (pk, sk).

I have a previous transaction tx that contains 1 bitcoin.

I create a new address (pk', sk') that I want to send the bitcoin too.

I hash the new public key pk' with the previous transaction tx such that hash(pk', tx) = h1.

I sign the hashed transaction h1 using my secret key and some 'randomness' r. Sign"sk"(h1, r)

Then - this gets broadcasted and gets put inside a block by a Bitcoin miner?

Also, if I was to send two 0.5 bitcoins to pk' I would do the following...

tx1 and tx2 are associated with 0.5 bitcoins.

I then hash tx1 and tx2 with the new public key pk' such that hash(tx1, pk') = h1 and hash(tx2, pk') = h2.

I then sign both of these hashes using the following function... Sign"sk"(h1, h2, r) or would it be Sign"sk"(h1,r), Sign"sk"(h2,r'). (different randomness for each signature)

This may be a silly question.. but I have been finding it difficult to get some clarity on how it works. I also understand that some characters (such as i and 0) are not included in the hash - does this refer to base 58 ?


texts:
I want to enable SSL on windows.So I download a shining light openssl binary,and then I create server.pem and server.cert using the following commands:

openssl genrsa -out server.pem 2048
 openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -sha1 -days 3650 -key server.pem > server.cert

and then I start bitcoin-qt with bat:

bitcoin-qt.exe -testnet -datadir=G:\BitcoinData-Testnet -conf=bitcoin.conf -server -rpcuser=usr -rpcpassword=pwd -rpcport=18332 -rpcallowip=* -rpcssl -rpcsslcertificatechainfile=server.cert -rpcsslprivatekeyfile=server.pem -txindex -lang=en_US

then I try to test SSL by executing commands:

openssl s_client -connect localhost:18332

the response is:

E:\apps\Bitcoin>openssl s_client -connect localhost:18332
Loading 'screen' into random state - done
CONNECTED(000001C4)
9032:error:140790E5:SSL routines:SSL23_WRITE:ssl handshake failure:.\ssl\s23_lib
.c:177:
---
no peer certificate available
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 0 bytes and written 319 bytes
---
New, (NONE), Cipher is (NONE)
Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
---

E:\apps\Bitcoin>openssl genrsa -out server.pem 2048
Loading 'screen' into random state - done
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
....................+++
...........................................+++
unable to write 'random state'
e is 65537 (0x10001)

can somebody help me ? is server.pem produced correctly?


texts: New lnd version came out recently, but I'm not sure which version I'm running. How can you check?


texts: Fast way to get details of all transactions in a block

texts:
I would like to extract all transactions in history.
What I'm presently doing is calling getrawtransaction and than decoderawtransaction for each transaction in the block. This works, except that the extraction process takes forever.

Is there a faster way to do this?


texts: What information is available in the blockchain

texts: How does coinmarketcap see who has how much of the market? In other words what information exists in the blockchain? Is there a link to which someone could point me to as to whether we can get this information from the block chain


texts: Tracking the wallet owner of stolen bitcoins

texts: Hello Recently my bitcoin wallet was hacked and the money was transferred out into another bitcoin wallet. Is it possible to track and find out the owner of this wallet


texts: Is `wallet.dat` the only file I need to back up?

texts:
Can someone verify that the only file I need to backup is the wallet.dat file?
For example: let's assume that I am going to move to a new country, and I want to backup my Bitcoin data. I don't want to take the whole Bitcoin ledger with me, just the files I need to use my Bitcoin somewhere else.
My assumption is that I can do the following:

Backup my Bitcoin wallet.dat file
Delete everything else
Move
Download Bitcoin Core and re-sync
Close Bitcoin core
Replace the wallet.dat file to restore utility of my Bitcoin

Is this correct?


texts:
Does bitcoinj wallet support multiple accounts/users?

It seems BIP44 is not supported and found multiple threads indicating lack of support.
Just wanna get a definitely answer. If not yet, any plan to support it in the near future?
Thanks in advance.


texts: Why do some mining algorithms run "cooler" than others?

texts:
So, there are some altcoin mining algorithms now that run cool, such as X11 and groestl. By cool, I mean even when mining at full GPU capacity, the card still remains at 60C or cooler with little to no fans, and drawing little power when compared to scrypt or sha-256 mining.

What mechanism is it that makes these algorithms run cooler than other proof of working algorithms?


texts:
I came across this in the source code for ECKey.java:

"Represents an elliptic curve public and (optionally) private key, usable for digital signatures but not encryption."

Why can you not encrypt with it? It would be useful to be able to do that, for instance you could write a message to someone that only they can read. Is it a fundamental problem or simply a matter of man hours to implement it? (I'm happy to write it if it's possible.)


texts: How does Mastercoin avoid double-spend attacks without it's own blockchain?

texts:
Bitcoin's main innovation is the blockchain, responsible for making sure that the same bitcoin cannot be spent twice.

Mastercoin rides on top of bitcoin, but does not have it's own blockchain.

How does Mastercoin avoid double-spend attacks?


texts: Do i delete the Bitcoin folder & data directory in Appdata after i copy it on an encrypted drive?

texts: I am trying to complete the instructions described here https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Securing_your_wallet#Windows . I have already done the Truecrypt part and installed the Bitcoin client. But i have one question i need help with before i can continue. Do i delete the Bitcoin folder & data directory in Appdata after i copy it onto an encrypted drive ? Or does it need to remain there to function even though it would then also be in the encrypted drive if not deleted ?


texts: From the Whitepaper: Timestamps prove that the data must have existed at the time"

texts:
The whitepaper says exactly this: "The timestamp proves that the data must have existed at the time, obviously, in order to get into the hash.  Each timestamp includes the previous timestamp in its hash, forming a chain, with each additional timestamp reinforcing the ones before it."

It seems to me that you could put any time you want in the timestamp. Is it the next sentence about "reinforcing" that is key to his meaning?


texts:
How can I install new Copay wallet to my Windows 7?
I cannot use the microsoft app store.
Thank you.


texts: Antminer U1 running on raspberry pi not accepting shares

texts: I'm new to bitcoin mining and am trying to figure everything out still. My Antminer U1 running on my raspberry pi using cgminer is not accepting any shares, and doesn't appear inside of the mining pool's (bitminter) dashboard. Also my antminer which was advertised at 1.6 GH has only ever gotten up to 600 MH. Can anyone tell me why this is happening?


texts: Where can I buy bitcoins from Ireland without photo ID?

texts:
My available methods of payment would be laser(Ireland debit card scheme), mastercard, visa or a bank transfer.
I'm a beginner user in Ireland.
I'd also prefer not to have to verify my account with a photo ID.
I won't be spending large sums of money either so the cheaper the better, and the money will be spent pretty much instantly so i'm not too worried about having THE most secure option if it means i'd have to pay more.

Thanks!


texts: How complex can my bitcoin wallet encryption key be?

texts: What are the requirements and limitations of the password that the satoshi bitcoin wallet allows the user to set?


texts: GUI Miner no responses to getwork, and Verification failed

texts:
I just starting with mining today I have everything set up for slush pool on
GUIMiner - v2012-12-03 .  I'm not sure what is wrong but this is what the console says

2013-06-21 01:37:26: Listener for "GPU Miner" started
2013-06-21 01:37:28: Listener for "GPU Miner": stratum.bitcoin.cz:3333 21/06/2013 01:37:28, checking for stratum...
2013-06-21 01:37:28: Listener for "GPU Miner": stratum.bitcoin.cz:3333 21/06/2013 01:37:28, started OpenCL miner on platform 0, device 0 (Juniper)
2013-06-21 01:37:28: Listener for "GPU Miner": stratum.bitcoin.cz:3333 21/06/2013 01:37:28, no response to getwork, using as stratum
2013-06-21 01:37:39: Listener for "GPU Miner": stratum.bitcoin.cz:3333 21/06/2013 01:37:39, Verification failed, check hardware! (0:0:Juniper, a4627d39)
2013-06-21 01:37:51: Listener for "GPU Miner": stratum.bitcoin.cz:3333 21/06/2013 01:37:51, Verification failed, check hardware! (0:0:Juniper, 9fcd8ac2)
2013-06-21 01:37:52: Listener for "GPU Miner": stratum.bitcoin.cz:3333 21/06/2013 01:37:52, Verification failed, check hardware! (0:0:Juniper, 87fcf304)
2013-06-21 01:37:55: Listener for "GPU Miner": stratum.bitcoin.cz:3333 21/06/2013 01:37:55, Verification failed, check hardware! (0:0:Juniper, 5aa4b0f1)!

I also took a screenshot of the settings I have chosen here.


texts:
It's not clear to me how unloaded wallets behave in Bitcoin Core v0.17.0.1.

If I create a new wallet with createwallet, add a receiving address to it using importmulti, then unload it using unloadwallet:

Will bitcoind still detect payments to this wallet’s address(es)? (seems yes)
If yes, will that detection happen only when I use loadwallet again? (seems yes)
If yes, will that require a rescan of (recent) blocks? (I'm worried about how long this might take, if it's been months or years since I last loaded this wallet.)
If yes, will that be a problem on a pruned node?
If yes, should I avoid this multi-wallet feature on a pruned node, or is there a safe way to use it without risking large re-downloads? (e.g. never unload it)


texts: standard bitcoin wallet vs segwit or native segwit

texts: I bitcoin holder, 1 years ago I bought trezor and ledger and keep on my device bitcoin and ehternum. I noticed that my bitcoin adress is segwit and standard bitcoin adress started with 1...  I thinking about change all wallet on native, but it is worth? I can pay fee 0.0005 btc than 0.0005 btc etc, it is not problem for me. I have one doubt, standard btc adress is also safe like native or segwit? What you thinking about it?


texts: What changed about coinbase.com to make it a "regulated exchange"?

texts: It's all over the news that coinbase "will open the first regulated bitcoin exchange in the U.S.".   But what exactly is the news here?  Hasn't coinbase been serving customers from all across the U.S. for more than a year now?  What is changing?


texts: Ramifications of illegal content in transaction messages?

texts: Would it be possible to make using Bitcoin illegal by posting child porn or similar highly illegal content in the message of a transaction? There are methods for having 'thin clients' that don't download the entire transaction history - would these be immune to an attack like this? How difficult would it be to track the sender of such material?


texts: When sending a getwork request, one always includes an id value. Does this value have any meaning? Will it cause problems to have multiple miners use the same id? Furthermore, if I wanted to send some extra information to a mining pool server, would id be an okay place to do it or should I add my own extra field?


texts: RPC call gettransaction does not work on bitcoin 0.10.2

texts:
Hello I have upgraded my bitcoind to 0.10.2, some of my rpc request now doesn't work.
This is an example:
bitcoin-cli gettransaction 6f5dfa31bef79d0c8cdd58530fc9f0ed2427e7085d421755f3fe78c
a6ac326ef
error: {"code":-5,"message":"Invalid or non-wallet transaction id"}

i have in bitcoin.conf
txindex=1
reindex=1

any suggestions?


texts: What's the best way for a website to detect payments from green addresses?

texts:
Does any proven third party code exist for this?

Edit*

To be more specific, what I haven't been able to find out is how to get the sender's bitcoin address when receiving a transaction. As far as I know, bitcoind doesn't have a command that shows the prev_out hash.


texts: bitcoin recovery when exchange ceases business

texts: I had bitcoins with Coinroom exchange but I see they are gone. They should be independent of the exchange that manages them I assume. How do I recover my bitcoins or get them allocated to another wallet? Thanks, Peter


texts: Do public bitcoin nodes have a public page to view node data? And if so can one add additional information to it?

texts:
Do public bitcoin nodes have a public page to view public node data? Example is from monero public nodes: http://node.xmrbackb.one:28081/get_info -- it shows the node information.
Do Bitcoin public nodes have a public page that is accessible by the public? And if so, how can one add in additional values like for example a bitcoin address or an email address?


texts: What’s the difference between a validation by nodes and a verification by miners?

texts:
In Mastering Bitcoin, it says:

  The transaction is then broadcasted on the bitcoin network, where each
  network node (participant) validates and propagates the transaction
  until it reaches (almost) every node in the network. Finally, the
  transaction is verified by a mining node and included in a block of
  transactions that is recorded on the blockchain.

I assume that nodes are using public keys to validate a digital signature, but what do miners do? I know that they are solving a hash puzzle to find the nonce that generates a certain pattern of a hash value but are they verifying something here?


texts: What are the advantages of sharing money in hosted e-wallet services?

texts:
I was a little bit shocked to learn that many (if not all) hosted e-Wallet providers combine their customers money in the hosts account, instead of just providing a service for easy access and storing of the users wallet data. This carries over many of the well known and less well known problems with the traditional banking structures onto bitcoins, and defies the aim to avoid central services. So, what are the actual advantages of this, for both the user and the e-Wallet service?

For the e-Wallet it would allow fractional reserve banking in order to charge interest for loans. That makes the system susceptible to crashes like we are experiencing outside and supports an interest based economy, which has its own troubles. (See also this question.) And it makes it easier for the bank to run away with the users money, since the users give the actual ownership of their money away. Are there other points? What is the advantage for the users?


texts: How to calculate the the amount of all Peercoins(PPC) in circulation?

texts:
According to Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peercoin

the reward is halved every time the mining power increases by x16. So does that mean that you need historic data on the mining power in order to calculate how many coins there are?

Also, does anyone know what's the initial reward and difficulty? I can't seem to find those either


texts: What cryptocurrency systems predate Bitcoin, and how do they differ from it?

texts: Although Bitcoin is certainly making strides as the first cryptocurrency to enter (comparatively) widespread use, cryptocurrency has long been a topic of discussion in fiction and academia.  What cryptocurrency systems were in existence prior to Bitcoin, and in what specific respects do they differ from it?


texts:
I was wondering how I would go about measuring the traffic being used on my network for the bitcoind node I am running. It's running  on the standard 8333 port, using linux as the OS.

I was looking at iftop which seems to be a tool for doing what I want to do, but I am specifically looking to only monitor traffic associated with the bitcoind node.

Basically I'm trying to see if my implementation of a QOS for the node is working properly.


texts: Security of ChaChaPoly (IETF rfc7539) in the noise protocol framework of the Lightning Network

texts:
According to this paper ChaChaPoly is secure against chosen known plaintext attacks. I wonder however if that security assumption is weakened by a lot since messages sent on the transport layer of the lightning network start with a 16 bit length field with an HMAC coming from ChaChaPoly. (They are then followed by the actual lightning message, followed by an HMAC for the payload which I don't care about at this time)

As there is only a small fixed set of potential lengths of lightning messages, we can guess the plaintext of the length field. In particular, I wonder what is the impact of doing a block cipher like ChaChaPoly as defined here

on 16 bit data for which the plaintext is potentially known?

As mentioned before, I am not an expert on cryptography but I am not sure if this particular setup does not yield a compromise of security of the Transport layer, potentially exposing session keys which would allow an attacker to decrypt up to 500 messages or even spoof data. Has anyone ever looked into this or can give me a reason why our setup does not yield a security problem?


texts: I'm trying to get the raw blocks with bitcoinj. I use Block.bitcoinSerialize() to get the bytes of each block when it is downloaded, but does not include transactions. How can I get the full raw block?


texts: Does blockchain.info's json-rpc api return invalid json?

texts:
example response for getting a block:

{"id":"0","result":{"tx":[1ddd2f103625405389705637ab69603de692a22e86f06428a2...

there should be a " after the "tx":[


texts: Does MtGox charge commission in USD or in BTC?

texts:
When we buy BTC using USD on MtGox,

Does MtGox charge 0.6% of the USD then do a trade, or does MtGox do a trade first, then charge 0.6% of the BTC we receive?

Similarly, when we sell BTC for USD on MtGox,

Does MtGox charge 0.6% of the BTC then do a trade, or does MtGox do a trade first, then charge 0.6% of the USD we receive?


texts: Easiest way to collect funds of big lists of bitcoin privatekeys

texts:
I am setting up an webstore where you can pay with bitcoins. Therefore I created a bulk list on bitcoinaddress.org. I save the public addresses in a database and attach one to each transaction. Then I wait to recieve a notification from bitcoinmonitor.net and complete the transaction.

That will work fine I think, but how can I get the funds from all the different addresses? I know you can import in some software a private key, but it is too much work to do for each order. Do you know something easier to collect the funds of all the generated addresses?


texts: Is it possible to create private multi-signature transactions?

texts:
Since ZCash is based on the bitcoin core it is also enabled to create multi-signature transactions by default.

ZCash now adds the possibility to create also private transactions.

But how to create private multi-signature transactions? Is it even possible?


texts: find a CTransaction from a prevout in Bitcoin source code

texts:
I'm trying to come up with this function: CTransaction getTxFromPrevout(COutPoint prevo);

The idea being... when a new transaction is about to be validated, it will go through all of it's tx.vin[i].prevout and check for them funds (utxo).

So I want to find and identify the CTransaction tx such that tx.vout (of type vector<CTxOut> ) has any i element such that it's CScript is a normal payment (tx.vout[i].scriptPubKey.IsNormalPayment() == true) and the tx.vout[i].scriptPubKey has within it a match for the prevo

If I use a web based explorer I can take the prevo and extract the hash from it, then search the web for the tx... but that doesn't help me, since I want to be able to use this within the code itself, adding this new function. I tried following the code on an explorer and it uses the rpc api, and it was not easy to follow.

What I'm thinking is that there should be a utxo database structure or class that will make this easier to crawl through. If I suppose there is such a class named UTxODatabase - that I know there isn't, but just imagine there is - then the function I need to code would look like this:

CTransaction UTxODatabase::getTxFromPrevout(COutPoint prevo);

/*************************************************/

EDIT 1:
I put this at the very end of the CheckTransaction() function, in main.cpp

BOOST_FOREACH (const CTxIn& txin, tx.vin){
        std::cout << "txin.prevPubKey.ToString(): " << txin.prevPubKey.ToString() << std::endl;

Then I've ran the wallet and the output shown for each txin was just: txin.prevPubKey.ToString:, without any prevPubKey data.
I am really confused about this.

My thinking was that if I'm able to get those prevPubKeys from the CTxIn, then I'll be able to track the utxo. But why would there be no information on that member of the txin at that stage?


texts: How does Nano protect itself from transaction flooding attacks?

texts: RaiBlocks transactions do not have fees and are processed instantly, so what protects the nodes from being flooded of tiny transactions?


texts:
In P2PKH the validation script is:
<sig> <pubKey> OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <pubKeyHash> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG

If I always use exactly the same private key and always sign exactly the same message with it, is my <sig> unique among all my transactions?
Furthermore, if <sig> was always the same for all my transactions, would that mean that everyone who knows my <sig> can impersonate me?


texts: Transferring bitcoin from old bitcoin core wallet to electrum

texts:
I have a 7 year old wallet.dat file that was created by the bitcoin-qt program (https://bitcoin.org/en/bitcoin-core/).
Downloading the blockchain takes too long and I experienced that the downloaded chain risks getting corrupted. I decided to use Electrum so I can access the wallet's contents sooner.
I tried following the steps from https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Transferring_coins_from_Bitcoin-Qt_to_Electrum, but I'm stuck at the step dumpprivkey, because I don't know what <your bitcoin address> means. I have installed a new bitcoin-qt version so naturally the list of receiving addresses is empty.
I have also tried another approach with dumpwallet. This yields a 250 kb file with thousands of lines and I don't know what to do with that. Surely sweeping every single private key from that file isn't feasible?
Edit: with the command listreceivedbyaddress 0 true bitcoin-qt shows all addresses that once received bitcoin. I supplied them to the dumpprivkey function in order to get the corresponding private keys. This allowed me to finish the steps as described in the wiki article.


texts: Can we derive parent’s private key using child’s private key?

texts:
In the book named Mastering Bitcoin by Andreas, the author described the usage of derived child keys. One thing I noted was that he said(page 108),

  The derivation function is a one-way function, the child key cannot be
  used to find the parent key. The child key also cannot be used to find
  any siblings.

And when he had come across the topic Hardened Child Key derivation he described the flaws of Non-Hardened Child Key derivation. He said(page 112),

  Because the xpub contains the chain code, if a child private key is
  known, or
  somehow leaked, it can be used with the chain code to derive all the
  other child private keys. A single leaked child private key, together with a parent
  chain code, reveals all the private keys of all the children. Worse, the child private key
  together with a
  parent chain code can be used to deduce the parent private key.

What I can’t understand is why had the author initially stated that using child keys we cannot derive parent keys, and later stating that using child’s private key we can derive parent’s key.

Well, I’ve found one post which clearly explains the latter. But not the former. Can anyone explain what he meant in the former?


texts: Found Bitcoin Core Wallet with unconfirmed Transactions, anything to salvage?

texts:
I am currently looking through old .dat files and found a wallet with two "Received with" transactions that are unconfirmed.
When I enter the address from the Label on blockchain.info the address shows a balance of 0 and 0 transactions.
Does that mean, that the transactions are invalid, and that I have to find the origin address to figure out a remaining balance, or is there anything other that I can do?
Bitcoin Core is only synced to 2017 yet.


texts: Can I spend/transfer bitcoins directly from cold storage?

texts:
From reading previous articles I understand that you can receive bitcoins to an address even if your wallet is in cold storage because the bitcoins sent to this address is recorded by someone on the block chain. Is this correct? and who is this someone?

Now If I have bitcoins stored in an offline laptop (I believe this is called cold storage) is it possible I can create some sort of QR code with my offline laptop and just have my mobile Android bitcoin wallet snap the QR code and wallah the bitcoins are transferred from cold storage to hot? Do I also need to enter my private key to enable this?


texts: How do I write a script such that my funds are locked in a 2-of-2 multisig that converts into a 1-of-2 multisig after 365 days?

texts:
I would like my Bitcoin to have the extra security that a 2-of-2 multisig provides. With a single sig I am worried that if a single key gets hacked I will lose my funds. However, with a 2-of-2 multisig I am worried that if I lose either key my funds will be trapped.
How do I write a script such that my funds are locked in a 2-of-2 multisig which converts into a 1-of-2 multisig after 365 days? This way I get the best of both worlds. I have greater security for 365 days and then if I lose one of my keys I can still access my funds after 365 days.


texts: Why did my Coinbase transaction take 4.5 hours to get in a block?

texts:
Why did this transaction take so long to be put in a block?

I initiated a 7 BTC transfer at 6:13 PM Eastern Time from Coinbase to an external address in an over the counter transaction today. It was put in a block 4.5 hours later (10:42 Eastern Time)

Not conducive to doing business at all :(

I checked /tried these things:

I saw many blocks had been mined since my transaction was initiated at Coinbase.
I saw there was a fee on the transaction
I tweeted an inquiry to Coinbase
I saw Coinbase was connected to 118 peers
I saw other Coinbase transactions posted after mine confirmed within 20 minutes.
I tried to manually broadcast the raw transaction on blockchain
I read Coinbase blog post that they had slow confirms in February.


texts: Always rejected shares (Antminer U3 / Minera /CGminer)

texts:
hope someone can help.
I use an Antminer U3 on a Raspberry Pi with Minera and CGminer.

When I mine everything with Scrypt-Algo, I get 100% rejected shares.
My current pool is ghash.io.

My log looks like:

Rejected 09ffd3f1 Diff 26/16 AU3 0 pool 1 (Low difficulty share)

my config file:

{
    "api-listen": true,
    "api-allow": "W:127.0.0.1",
    "log-file": "\/var\/log\/minera\/cgminer.log",
    "scrypt": true,
    "scan": "all",
    "pools": [
        {
            "url": "stratum+tcp://multi.ghash.io:3333",
            "user": "WORKER",
            "pass": "123"
        }
    ]
}

My additional options are: --au3-volt 780  --au3-freq 238

Minera shows a hashrate of about 60 GH/s, Ghash.io shows about 1MH/s in the multipool.

When i change to the bitcoin pool, everything works fine.

Any ideas?
Could it be affected by the pool difficulty, i can set on the ghash.io panel?

Thanks in advance


texts: Has anyone ported the Bitcoin software to plain C or Objective C?

texts: I'm not a big proponent of either C++ or Boost. Has there been any attempt to rewrite Bitcoin in plain ANSI C, or maybe Objective C? Thanks.


texts: Why do people say that bitcoin scales according to O(n^2)?

texts:
In regards to bitcoin, Peter Todd says: "Fundamentally the tech itself does not scale. The whole idea of everyone knowing everything about every transaction, which is inherent to the trust model of bitcoin right now... that's simple: O(n^2) scaling. You just can't get away from that. No matter how much you push and pull that constant k value, you'll never get away from the fact that fundamentally it's O(n^2) scaling.

reference: https://youtu.be/Td6fwuI7F7U?t=4m59s

I assume n represents number of transactions?
What does k represent?

Also, is Peter referring to "Load" scalability?
(wikipedia: The ability for a distributed system to easily expand and contract its resource pool to accommodate heavier or lighter loads or number of inputs. Alternatively, the ease with which a system or component can be modified, added, or removed, to accommodate changing load.)


texts: There is something I cannot understand about Merkle trees. I understand how they are calculated and etc., but I cannot understand how they are used on a blockchain. If a block stores only the Merkle root, how can a blockchain explorer let you search and view specific transactions? I think this requires that a block must store the whole array of transactions, not just the Merkle root. Please help me understand this. Thanks in advance.


texts: Has anyone patched the code to experiment with the currency supply model?

texts:
Since the supply model of a currency is a key factor in it's economic properties, I think it would be interesting to experiment with supply models that could be changed easily.

It could perhaps then be linked to some other external factor which could be objectively ascertained with the resilience of the p2p structure like for example, available fresh water, carbon or population.

Have there been any efforts in this direction?


texts: How do I get my Bitcoin "Spendable" instead of it being "Non-Spendable" on my Blockchain Account?

texts: I have been fighting this all night and day and haven't made any progress. I used a CoinFlip ATM to buy BitCoin or deposit USD into the machine. I have an account at Blockchain and I used the right QR code to deposit, or buy, the Bitcoin. My transaction is showing in my Blockchain Account but it's showing as non-spendable. I need to make a payment on something and need to know ASAP how to make it spendable to transfer. Something to do with a Private Key, that I have no idea how to get either. HELP Please!


texts: Can it really be true that the Bitcoin system consumes almost $1.000.000 in electricity per day?

texts:
So I've been trying to figure out how much running the Bitcoin system really costs using the following numbers:

Total Bitcoin Hash Rate: 300.000.000 GH/s
Hashrate of an ANTMINER S4 (currently one of the most efficient ASICs): 2.000 GH/s Power
power consumption of an ANTMINER S4: 1.400W
Energy price: $0.15/kWh
300.000.000 / 2.000 = 150.000 Antminers
150.000 * 1400W = 210.000.000W
210.000.000W * 24 hours = 5.040.000.000 Wh = 5.040.000 kWh
5.040.000 * $0.15 = 756.000$

Taking into account other less efficient rigs around $1.000.000 seems (theoretically) realistic to me, but I just can't wrap my head around Bitcoin costing $364.000.000 per year. What am I doing wrong?


texts: How does exchanges like bitrex exchange coins so fast ?

texts:
For example i transfer my bitcoin to bitrex. It will take mining fee and a huge time ( few hours ) to actually appear in bitrex wallet.

Now from bitrex i can transfer between Bitcoin -> Neo -> Bitcoin -> Eth -> Neo instantly without any mining fee.

How it actually does that ?

Here what i think:

After i transfer them my bitcoin to my online bitrex wallet, they transfer it to their own secret GLOBAL wallet of that coin.

Then we just do exchange on their database not in real.

Then when withdrawal they transfer it from their GLOBAL Neo wallet  -> my online neo wallet -> my offline neo wallet.

Thats just my thought i know its wrong but i need someone to explain me that.


texts:
Where is the nonce incremented in Bitcoin source code?
I found where the extra nonce is incremented, but not the regular nonce?


texts: At what point is a new wallet known by the Bitcoin network?

texts:
I was just showing a deterministic wallet to a friend who asked "At what point is the wallet known to the network?" and I could only guess by saying that it is known only when a transaction is broadcast and confirmed... But I don't think that is the whole story. I still have some unanswered questions. I think this is because I don't fully understand the cryptographic method in play.

So for arguments sake, we have User A and User B.
User B creates a brain wallet using an offline computer which
essentially provides User B with a public key and a private key.
User B tells User A to send Bitcoins to this address and provides her public key.
User A is online so he sends the coins with a signed transaction including fee using his favourite client.

What happens?

How does the network (by this I mean the nodes on the network who are relaying the transaction) know that this is a genuine address, User B is after all off-line?

If no coins are ever sent to this address, does the blockchain ever need to know if this wallet has been created?


texts: Can the same target address appear more than once on transaction output?

texts:
Normally, a transaction output will contain a list of address + amount.
Each element in this list has an associate output number, "vout".
For example:

Transaction outputs:

vout=0: addr=m111111, amount=100
vout=1: addr=m222222, amount=200

My question is: would it be legal for a transaction output to contain
the same target address more than once?  Take for instance the example below, where address "m222222" appears in vout=1 and vout=2:

vout=0: addr=m111111, amount=100
vout=1: addr=m222222, amount=100
vout=2: addr=m222222, amount=100

I know this seems silly.  I'm just wondering if it is the sort of
thing one might encounter "in the wild".


texts: Paying to one address using inputs from multiple addresses under same seed

texts:
I am using bitcoin core and I was wondering. If I make a bitcoin payment using bitcoin-cli which has about 50 addresses registered to it. If the payment is for 1 BTC and I pay from the address A1 (let's use A1 instead of an actual address) but A1 doesn't have enough balance will it take money from other wallets automatically to help pay the set amount? If not then how can I make it so?

Edit: I am using 'getnewaddress' when generating these other addresses.


texts: What does "H-not-zero" and "Share is above target" mean?

texts:
While mining with cgminer on TripleMining, I noticed that I was getting something like:

[2013-09-14 19:02:12] Rejected 88dde730 Diff #/1 GPU 0  (H-not-zero)

What does this error mean, why is it causing my shares to be rejected, and what can be done to fix it?

I did some reasearch and it has something to do with the header not starting with zero. What does that mean?

I have the latest version of cgminer.

I switched pools, and now it is saying "Share is above target". What can I do about that?


texts: Why is the accept / utility of one of my miners consistently higher than the others?

texts:
I'm playing around with a couple of Antminer U2s, and two Block Erupters, running them off of a vanilla BFG setup using BTCGuild, I'm consistently seeing the following:

So, I'm curious as to why one of my miners (always a single AMU) always has such a higher Accept and Utility statistic than the other devices.


texts: Is there a source of historical data which assigns a relatively consistent and accurate timestamp to each block? This might take the form of a server having precisely logged when they first heard about each block header. Bonus points if extinct blocks are included.


texts: What prevents me to create the longest chain and multiple nodes, and deceiving everyone?

texts:
Let's say I create the longest Blockchain for Bitcoin ever (let's assume it's possible). And then I add 50,000 nodes to the Bitcoin network and I use the aforementioned chain, wouldn't I be able to deceive everyone? Bitcoin trusts the longest chain, so if I have the longest chain and own majority of the nodes, wouldn't I be able to convince others some account has any amount of Bitcoins I desire?

If it's not possible for Bitcoin for some reason, is it possible to do the same for a cryptocurrency that was created recently?

Sorry for the stupid question, and thank you very much.


texts: How does exactly ICO work? What the advantage of ICO for companies?

texts: All I know about ICO is that some companies make their own coin and then those coins are bought by investors. So looks cool :) But why the companies should be happy if they will have more investors which will be buy their coins? How will companies get that money from investors?


texts:
I misprint 1 symbol in the password.
Now I want to brute-force it.

I may write a simple script that will brute-force every symbol.
Is there any way to check the password from the command line? May be in different bitcoin client?