texts: Bitcoin wallet balance doesn't add up to what my addresses have

texts:
I have had a bitcoin core wallet on windows for a long time. For most of this time I have been inactive. My client has gone out of sync and  my wallet sat on my computer as well as a backup on a usb stick. Recently I decided to get back into crypto, so I re-synced my client to the blockchain. Dropped my old wallet back into the client. It went through the rescan process, and to my surprise I had more bitcoin than my addressees say they have on blockchain.info.

I even decided to dump all my private keys from my core wallet, and import them into an electrum wallet to see what it would yeild. And upon doing so, my electrum wallet has less bitcoin than my core wallet.

How is this possible, considering both wallets are built off the same private keys?


texts: Can I use a passphrase as a private key?

texts:
Is there a way to use a long (and possibly hashed) passphrase as a private key, so that all I need to recover my Bitcoins would be that password?

I was thinking of buying Bitcoins using a private key that's generated from a passphrase, and then deleting the Bitcoins software entirely. When I want to use my Bitcoins in the future, I will re-create the key using the password. This will eliminate the possibility of stealing my Bitcoins by hacking to my computer.


texts: Cloning a HW wallet's contents to one or more other HW wallets

texts:
Is it possible/feasible to clone the contents of a HW wallet to one ot more other HW wallets ( for example to have identical copies in different locations for backup )?

It appears that this should work in theory for 'BIP 039' compliant wallets ( i.e. regeneration of wallet contents on the backup wallet from recovery-seed of first/master wallet ?).

Any snags or gotchas with the above?

Furthermore, if cloning is possible, does it only work for bitcoin or would it cover all cryptocurrencies supported by a HW wallet?


texts: Generate my own public/private key to secure my bitcoins

texts:
I have a few bitcoins on a bitcoin platform (Kraken). I do not trust any bitcoin platform. I want to own my bitcoins.

I do not trust Ledger devices too.

What i want to do is to generate my own public/private key and keep this keys on a paper in my pocket.

Here is what i want to do. Can you tell me if it is good:

First, i want to build a bitcoin node on a dedicated server

git clone -b 0.18 https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.git
Next, i will wait to download all blocks on this server.
Next, i will generate an address:

bitcoin-cli  getnewaddress
Next, i will send all my bitcoins to this address through kraken website
Next, i will export my public/private key with this command:

bitcoin-cli dumpwallet export.txt

Next, i will print or save export.txt file
Next, i will ERASE the dedicated server.

Can you confirm me i will own my bitcoins if i only keep export.txt file ?


texts: What is the Default Rounding for 8 digits in Binance,tradingview,etc

texts:
I have a problem. I am struggling to calculate programmatically the number of cryptocurrencies because I sometimes have inaccuracies in the last digit. Does anybody know what the problem is? (Of course, I have calculated the appropriate fees that need). For example, Binance uses accuracy for 8 Digits. What is the Rounding that they used? I would appreciate an answer if someone have the appropriate knowledge on this matter

RoundingMode.CEILING
RoundingMode.DOWN
RoundingMode.FLOOR
RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN
RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN
RoundingMode.HALF_UP
RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY
RoundingMode.UP


texts: How to alter user's data in block in blockchain if i want to change user's details

texts: In blockchain each user's data stored in seperate block, right? If I have created my own blockchain and i want to alter some user's data then I would need to alter some perticular block as I have stored data in that perticular block. but it will break proof-of-work. So how to change block in blockchain to alter user's data? If I create new block with updated details then what happened to old data and next time how to know which block to refer?


texts: How can I determine the reason for a failed routing on c-lightning

texts:
I am running a c-lightning node (v0.8.2). I am routing a payment every few days. However, I realized that dozens of payments every day fail, many of them fail locally (I see the status 'local_failed' on RTL). Apparently, this is due to insufficient funds in the channel that was tried to route out. I tried to figure out how I can become a better hub and accommodate more of those of those payments.
My investigations where not really prosperous, as I could not determine the next channel that caused the payment to fail. I tried to inspect the logs with lightning-cli listforwards. But it does not list the out_channel.
Any ideas or recommendations how I can improve my job as a router, i.e. finding out which channels to improve / balance?
Kind regards


texts:
I am using Electrum and when sending bitcoins I got a small window with a "Please Wait..." message, the problem is that it has been more than 1 hour and nothing happened! The window is still there and I can tell from blockchain.info that the bitcoins is not received at the destination.

Is it normal?
what is the correct behavior expected?
Should i close the "Please wait..." window and re-send the coins?


texts:
Recently a scammer contacted me to invest in Bitcoin. Well after losing my money with him, this person offered to return my money, and asked me to create a blockchain account. I did, then he asked me to share my id wallet and my password, because I did not know it. After a while he told me that my money was back, but it was not usable, if I wanted to have it. I thought it was strange, so I started to investigate, realizing it was a scam. I did not fall for his scam, but he still does not want to return my money.

My question is if I can get my money from the addresses that I leave, which by the way move a lot of money, it is possible to get the private key, hack those addresses, if they need the information I have the account still active.

The scams page is: https://kryptobinary.co.uk/

My non-spendable balance:


texts: how to get confirmed balance for bitcoin testnet server?

texts:
I can't get confirmed BTC from https://tpfaucet.appspot.com/ server.
Tried many address and can't get balance with confirmation. for that reason my testnet server balance is always 0.0

bitcoin.conf
rpcuser=bitcoinrpc
rpcpassword=random string
testnet=1
address get by getnewaddress:myVwyA9ooffVDqvbRJC4Kmspu2rDJBacTk
i used https://www.blocktrail.com/tBTC for know about my transaction and it's said it unconfirmed.

For that reason I am not able to test my server purpose.
what should I do now???


texts: Is it possible to set different fee for each account in bitcoin core

texts:
I have following accounts in bitcoin core:

ajit@AjitSoman:~/git$ bitcoin-cli listaccounts
{
  "": -0.83002768,
  "1": 1.10000000,
  "1470": 0.56739259,
  "1521": 0.63600000,
}
ajit@AjitSoman:~/git$

Is it possible i can set different fee for account 1470 and 1521. If it is not possible then is it possible to set fee in sendFrom command


texts: Updating my online wallet to not rely on the Blockchain.info API

texts:
I had a website which allowed me to send and receive bitcoins.

To achieve this, I used the Blockchain API to process notifications of received bitcoins and the same to process sending Bitcoin to other addresses.

Due to the fact that Blockchain forced me to change my calling method because they changed the API using node.js I was considering to move away from them.

However, I found lots of issues. The Blockchain wallet can be exported to MultiBit HD and the source code is available but due to my limit knowledge of Java I am not able do replicate the same use case flow. Also, due to the fact that MultiBit HD does not run as a service, I cannot use it on a vps server being that in case of restart the program does not start automatically.

So I tried to use BitcoinJ directly to process payments the software performs the following steps:

I create a new wallet with a new address.

When the software starts, it ask via web services the remote site to
see if there is some payments to be send to other addresses, creates a
transaction and then processes it.
But again due to my limit knowledge of Java I was not able to intercept the payment received on the address of the wallet.

I had also a problem because the software works on the testnet but when I move it to the production network the program seems to start downloading all the Blockchain.

Being that I am much better at C# I also tried to use NBitcoin but again with no success.

So I Google a while and found that it is possible to run Bitcoin Core and use an rpc call to process payments but Bitcoin Core needs to first download and validate all the Blockchain which is nearly 91GB.

So my question is this:

What I need is to code a service that uses a local wallet on a vps server (nix or win does not matter) with only a Blockchain address.
When a new payment is received in the address the program gets the amount of the transaction and communicate its to a website using web-service.
Programmatically, the same software asks the website if a new sending payment should be processed and in this case send the Bitcoin from the address.

The limitations are the following:

I do not want to use third party services or APIs like Blockchain or  Coinbase.  I do not want to download and process all the Blockchain.

Is there anyone out there that has faced the same difficulties and that can give some suggestions?

Thanks for any help


texts:
I want to create public addresses in offline browser from master public key so that owner of master private can access the funds available in child address.
but I am not able to understand how to use this bitcoinjs-lib. how to create master private key, master public key and every time i click on button it generate new child bitcoin address.

Help is appreciated


texts: How to run multiple bitcoin RPC commands through the command window?

texts:
Yes, I can generate a new address through the bitcoin-qt command console, but how might I run a for loop to generate 100 different addresses? What kind of file does the bitcoin client take?

Can I run a python script through the bitcoin command console?

How exactly does sending multiple commands to a command prompt work?


texts: Error when trying to view transaction details

texts:
Every time i try to click on any transaction history, it says, "Error. Transaction not available at this time."

Does anyone else have this issue?


texts: Average cost of mining per BTC over time

texts:
Are there any approximations to the average cost of mining of a BTC over time?

The reason I ask is because I think that as this ratio will affect the general availability of  Bitcoins on MtGox, and will be a factor influencing the price.

In other words miners won't sell BTC at a loss, while competition increases and BTCs per block decrease.


texts: Pass BTC from payment address to master address, when the payment address receives them

texts: I am doing a cold wallet. How can I make that when a payment address receives a transfer, these BTCs go to the master address from which the payment one was derived?


texts: Sold BC but funds not received into Bank

texts:
I'm new to BC. I've bought using Blockchain.info, linked to a Coinify account which I've had verified with ID etc.

Buying is fine - got that sorted, but it seemed sensible to try selling a small amount in case I ever want to do this quickly, so I used Blockchain.info to set up a sell order for £10. I entered my Bank details (IBAN etc) as requested. In my wallet I can see the Coinify Sell order, and that the transaction has been 'confirmed'. I can view this on the Blockchain too. But no funds have reached my bank account. Blockchain.info refer me to Coinify, Coinify have asked if I received confirmation from them, which I did not, but now appear not to answer my emails.

It's entirely possible I messed up the transaction as I'm new to it, but I'd be interested to hear any comments about what I've described so far. It's only 10GBP, but the principle will be the same whether I sell this or a larger amount. Have I gone about this the wrong way?


texts:
Is simplified payment validation (SPV) decentralized?

Viz., when an SPV client wants to verify a payment, does it connect to a central server or to several random peers, checking that their Merkle tree traversals for the transaction to be verified all agree?

"Choose your Bitcoin wallet" from Bitcoin.org says (e.g., for GreenAddress's Android wallet) "Decentralized validation," which it describes as:

  This wallet connects to a random server from a list. This means some trust in third parties is required when verifying payments. However, it is not as secure as a full node like Bitcoin Core.

How is "connect[ing] to a random server from a list" decentralized?

However (e.g., for iOS's BreadWallet) it says "Simplified validation" instead, which it describes as:

  This wallet uses SPV and the Bitcoin network. This means very little trust in third parties is required when verifying payments. However, it is not as secure as a full node like Bitcoin Core.


texts: Why miners solve a puzzle in proof of work

texts:
I am new to block chain, In PoW, I know a puzzle is given to the miners to solve and the miner who solve the puzzle and find the nonce first will create the block.

But I don't understand why there is such a mechanism like solving a puzzle and finding the first one to create the block, is this puzzle is used to find the miner with more computational power? so he can create the block quickly?


texts: Is it possible to reindex specific blocks?

texts:
I came across a block on my Fullnode that throws an error when attempting the gettrawrtransaction RPC.

No such mempool or blockchain transaction. Use gettransaction for wallet transactions.

It's only one block so far that seems like it got corrupted or improperly indexed. If I change the block/transaction, the JSON-RPC call works. I have txindex=1 set in bitcoin.conf

My question is, can I tell bitcoind to reindex only that particular block 282455, or do I need to reindex the entire blockchain? If so, what's the fastest method? Setting a higher dbcache?


texts: What prevents a miner from stealing inputs when they are still in the working pool ?

texts:
I understood that transactions have one or more addresses as input and one or more addresses as output.

When an address is specified as input in a transaction in the working pool (pending to be confirmed), it means that the digitally signed address with it's public key is still in an unconfirmed state.

What prevents an attacker from using this address with this public key as input of another transaction with different outputs ? (his ones, for example)


texts: Can Bitcoin blocks be organized into shards?

texts:
Bitcoin Scalability is a hot topic.  In database architecture design data is segmented into shards or the data is partitioned such that it can be spread among large number of machines.

In the financial world, credit card companies like Visa have to deal with thousands of transactions per second.  To deal with this volume credit card processors will use the Date as a shard key.  This allows for the credit card processor to group all transactions made in a set period of time and a set of machines are made responsible for a month of transactions.   Is this sharding tactic compatible with Bitcoin blocks?   Or more generally what if Bitcoin was as popular as credit cards?  What kind of techniques would Bitcoin be forced to use to cope with the scale of the problem?


texts: How do you import an xPub from a Ledger Nano to a watch only Bitcoin Core

texts: I am having trouble figuring out how to import my xPub from my Ledger Nano to a watch only Full node (Bitcoin Core 0.17.1) Could someone please explain how to do this? I am reading different things. Some people say its not possible on bitcoin core and others offer confusing explainations.


texts:
I'm finally getting ready to install an Android client.
I believe Android Wallet is the most popular one.

How do I back up the bitcoins stored on it?

Also, is there a thin native Android client being developed?


texts:
I am planning to buy ant miner l3+. Can AntMiner L3+ mine any scrypt coins or just lite coin?
Should I buy Antminer s9 or L3+?
However, I can only afford one piece of anyone.


texts: Why is the Bitcoin Core wallet database moving from Berkeley DB to SQLite?

texts: Why is the Bitcoin Core wallet moving from Berkeley DB to SQLite for its database backend?


texts:
I downloaded the Bitcoin Wallet from bitcoin.org; it's on my PC with a $0 balance. I want to purchase some bitcoins with dollars on MtGox, but how do I make it such that my purchase shows up in my wallet?

I have an account on MtGox, but I don't see anything under Funding Options where I can link my wallet with the MtGox transaction, then again, I've never purchased Bitcoins so maybe I'm misunderstanding something.


texts: python-bitcoinlib | Create Private Keys, Public Keys and Addresses - How to Do It?

texts:
I'm trying to use the python-bitcoinlib library but its docs aren't entirely clear to me.
I'm a programmer but quite new to Python, and not very versed in the Bitcoin protocol.

What's the process, code-wise, with the library, for the following?

Generating a private key
Creating a public key
Creating an address from the public key

I tried various things and am not completely sure what arguments I supply to what functions, and what functions I'm supposed to use in the process.

I'd appreciate a lot, and I think it'd help me the most if I were provided code for achieving each step.

I was able to follow the Bitcoin protocol (specifically, the developer reference and the developer guide on bitcoin.org to do all of those things, and I'm looking specifically how to do it with the library, so I could have my code fully compatible with other functionality of it, since I'd like to use the library for additional purposes.


texts: Why does ScriptSig contain public key, since it can be recovered from the signature and message?

texts: Using ECDSA, given a signature and the message signed, it is possible to recover the public key. So it seems to be a waste of up to 65 bytes in each transaction. Why does bitcoin do it? Which cryptocurrencies use the key recovery approach?


texts: I was wondering if BTC cold storage or paper wallets can work with Windows 7 and / or Linux Mint? Please advise. Many thanks indeed.


texts: Is there a plausible future for the use of Bitcoin in the financial industry and corporate finance?

texts:
After having read an article on the use of blockchain currency, I am wondering if there may be more to it in the time to come in the areas of corporate finance and financial industry.

My thinking is that on the one hand, the hacks against bitcoin exchanges have created an uncertainty that established banks do not want to meddle with. Then again, they have to rethink their business models very strongly.

Furthermore, with the decentralized transaction confirmations in bitcoin, the settlement cost and duration is expected to increase, as it did recently, making it not a substitute for cash and credit cards.

On the other hand, a study from Oliver Wyman that I saw referenced often, but could not access myself, mentions that banks could hope to save $65-80bn per year in settlement cost when switching to new mechanisms, probably the main reason why they started experimenting with bitcoin in the first place.

However, it seems that bitcoin suffers from longer transaction verification times (and fees), which would have to be overcome before more widespread use. Just in the last week, the backlog has increased.

Do you think bitcoin has a future to be used by large financial organizations, and why?


texts: Bitcoin client fails and reports some database recovery error

texts:
I am looking for somebody to help me fix my Bitcoin client, it is corrupt, reads :

"A fatal error occured. Bitcoin can no longer continue safely and will quit.
EXCEPTION: 22DbRunRecoveryException
DbEnv::open: DB_RUNRECOVERY: Fatal error, run database recovery
bitcoin in Runaway exception "

Have tried and tried to no avail to fix the damned thing and am at the point that I would like to pay someone to fix it for me.
How can I solve this issue?


texts: What if a transaction is made to a wallet that doesn't exist?

texts:
Wallets can be created offline, and transactions can be made to that completely offline wallet through by obtaining that wallet address. Now, when the guy owning the offline wallet goes online, his wallet will sync with the network and he will get his coins.

Now, if the above is true, that means the transaction has been completed without the network actually knowing that such a wallet exists, and has been created by someone. The network will actually validate a transaction to a wallet that has never gone online before.

What if that wallet wasn't actually created? What if, while making the transaction, the sender accidentally misspelled the destination wallet address by changing a number or letter? If this happens, unless that same exact (misspelled) wallet address is created again (very unlikely) those bitcoins have gone poof. Nobody owns those bitcoins anymore, because they got transferred to a wallet that doesn't even exist. Those bitcoins have completely disappeared.

Bitcoin is probably too awesome for the above to happen. So what really happens?


texts: What happens if an exchange's order book has only Market Orders

texts:
If a bitcoin exchange offers Market Orders, let's suppose there are X buy orders at market price, and Y sell orders at market price  (no limit orders):

How are these matched and at what price, since there is no "lowest or highest" price currently on the order book?


texts: Locating transactions by the relayed by IP in blockchain.info

texts:
I'm working on some stats and I was wondering if the relayed by IP on Blockchain.info can be used to get an approximate (country level) origin of the transaction. Would it be reasonable to assume that this transaction has been originated somewhere in Wisconsin?

The reason I ask is that, yes, the network creates a random topology, but due to verification overhead first few relay points are bound to be within a few hops from the origin.


texts: 5gpu 2psu scrypt mining rig shuts down 1hour later

texts:
I built the following rig:

5x SAPPHIRE TRI-X R9 280X 3GB GDDR5 OC (UEFI)
1x AeroCool Templarius Imperator 1150W 80 Plus Gold
1x HighPower Tech 1200w Gold Plus (HP-1200-G14C-GOLD)
1x Gigabyte GA-990FXA-UD3 motherboard
1x W.D Caviar Green 500GB SATA III HDD
1x Kingston KHX1600C9D3B1/4G
2x Unpowered risers 1x 16x
3x Powered risers 1x 16x

I have the templarius PSU powering the motherboard, the HDD and 2x GPUs with unpowered risers.
The other 3 gpus are powered by the 1200w PSU and connected to the powered usb risers.

I Installed Windows 8.1 and plugged one gpu. It automatically installed the Radeon HD 7990 driver. Then connected the second gpu and followed the same process with the other gpus.

I then executed cgminer and everything looks stable at 740Khs each.

However 1h later the rig shuts down. It always shuts down aprox. 1h later..

Regards,


texts: Are there any Bitcoin payment providers with an API’s for allowing unconfirmed transactions?

texts:
I want to design my web app to instantly accept crypto currency like Bitcoin as a payment for a subscription to the app. I will design it to cancel the subscription and ban the user’s account if the transaction does not appear in the blockchain 6 blocks later.
My app is such that malicious users wouldn’t be able to do much with just 1 hour of subscription time even if they constantly make new accounts. I’m counting on them just getting bored of the first few levels and taking the loss if they don’t. If I’m not giving refunds and I make sure not to withdraw pending coins myself, what attacks am I vulnerable to like Mt. Gox?
I have a degree in Computer Science, and I’ve dabbled in crypto for a while. The idea of working on a custom full node wallet for my server excites me. However, if someone has already built exactly what I need I guess I should use that. Are there any online payment services which already accept BTC instantly with an API for reporting false transactions?


texts: How are the requirements of the hash for mining a new block determined? Is it published or a message is sent?


texts: Can you have same Bitcoin Address in 2 different wallets?

texts:
Not the same wallet on different locations.

The reason I ask is that I am about to buy some bitcoins for cash and in order to transfer the bitcoins he will bring with him a paper wallet containing the bitcoin public and private keys.

He has told me to scan these into my blockchain.info app.

I just wondered if this a safe way to transfer bitcoins since he will have access to the private and public keys and could double spend the bitcoins.


texts:
I have bitcoin in blockchain.info (where i control the private keys) before 25 Oct.

Which exchange/wallet can i use to split the bitcoin into BTC and BTG so that i can sell them separately before 1 Nov 2017?


texts:
What happens if a transaction is set to have zero fees?
Can it get into a block?

Also, if you updated a coin's code to accept zero-fee transactions, would this cause a hardfork?

(e.g. made tx's in certain denominations return a tx.GetMinFee() of 0)


texts: Why do we trust that the person who got a chance to add block will add a valid transaction block?

texts:
I read about blockchain in many websites but didn't understand what actually blockchain offers the proof of work.

A transaction will be broadcasted to the every node in the network and then someone will get a chance to add a new block to the existing ledger. How can we trust that on the person who adds the block to ledger is valid i.e he can add invalid transaction and append to the ledger?

He can calculate the hash of existing ledger and invalid transaction and can append to the existing ledger? And what do the miners? By calculating nonce what they will do?  I didn't understand how the update to ledger is happening.


texts: Do HTLC transactions work today or do they need a new soft-fork?

texts:
I thought that HTLCs were just a kind of a script construct that would allow to unlock funds for a period of time, which can be unlocked to anyone that provides the original string that matches the hash. Does it need new opcodes that are not working in Bitcoin yet?
I ask this because I can see the BIP where this is proposed, linked from here: https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/bitcoin-dev/2016-July/012894.html . However, neither the pull request nor the BIP inclusion seem to have had any activity.
Does this BIP need a soft-fork that hasn't been implemented/deployed yet?


texts: How does PoW solved in miner.cpp gets transferred to main.cpp in source code?

texts:
As per my understanding of bitcoin codebase, the following events happen after we solve a proof of work.

In miner.cpp, once the miner thread solves a new Proof-of-work (PoW), ProcessBlockFound basically notifies others via a signal BlockFound.
BlockFound signal calls ResetRequestCount which basically resets the mpRequestCount in wallet.h via the validationInterface.h.
(Missing Logic)
A new NetMsgType::INV is issued from main.cpp in SendMessages/ProcessMessages to all peers.
These messages are eventually dispatched to all peers via network socket logic net.cpp

I am missing the main piece of code logic between step2 and step4. Can any expert help me understand what background story is happening after step2?


texts:
If I understand correctly, SIGHASH_NONE in the output input signature means that spender of this output doesn't sign his outputs. But doesn't that mean that the spending transaction is by design insecure? E.g. a malicious miner could switch the outputs to his addresses and put a modified version in the block.

Am I missing something? What is SIGHASH_NONE intended for?

Edit: Now I understand why I was confused! The SIGHASH_NONE is in the input signature, not in the output. Somehow I thought it's an attribute of the output, and it didn't make sense to me why the previous spender would be able to decide how the next transaction should be signed.


texts: Is there a CUDA binary to convert a brainwallet string to a BTC address?

texts:
I am looking for a CUDA program which will take a single argument, a brainwallet password, and output a BTC address.  After reading through several threads on how to convert passwords to public keys, and public keys to addresses, I figured there must already be something that does this.
Any suggestions welcome.  Thanks.


texts: How to setup stratum with pushpool and VARDIFF? (litecoin)

texts:
I'm trying to setup a pool for litecoin mining with support of the stratum protocol and VARDIFF (variable difficulty).

I read the answer of cdecker on the following question How to setup pushpool. This was quite helpful. I managed to setup pushpool and everthing is running quite well (at least I can see CGminer connected and doing something).

I'm just stuck in setting up startum and VARDIFF. I was searching through boards, but I can not find anything that is related to my problem. The only approach I read on bitcointalk was to use "rpc.target.bits" : 18 instead of "rpc.target.rewrite" : true in server.json to adjust the difficulty, but no success :(
For VARDIFF I can not find anything at all.

Any help would be very much appreciated!


texts: Are Mastercoin addresses Bitcoin addresses?

texts: I am reading up on Mastercoin, and I must say, it is quite confusing. Am I correct in saying that your Bitcoin address is your Mastercoin Address? If so, I have one private key that contains two cryptocurrencies?


texts: Can you create Bitcoin transactions from one address to the same address?

texts:
So if I wanted to send 1 satoshi from a Bitcoin address to the same address...

Would this be possible?

Would the transaction be recorded on the blockchain?


texts: how to config p2pool so that it can connect to bitcoind wiht HTTPS?

texts:
Now I have installed bitcoin with config rpcssl=1, and I have tested the connection with a java application. Everything seemed OK.

Then I installed p2pool, and tried to connect to bitcoind (python2.7 run_p2pool.py), and I was faced with the following errors:

Testing bitcoind RPC connection to 'http://127.0.0.X:8332/' with username 'pool'...
2014-07-16 15:29:25.036426 > Error while checking Bitcoin connection:
2014-07-16 15:29:25.036567 > Traceback (most recent call last):
2014-07-16 15:29:25.036770 > Failure: twisted.internet.error.ConnectionDone: Connection was closed cleanly.

Then I modified the bitcoin.conf and erased the rpcssl=1 item, restarted bitcoind. Then I run the command, connecting to bitcoind successfully.

So I wonder how to config p2pool so that it can connect to bitcoind with HTTPS?


texts: How to track multiple bitcoin addresses?

texts:
Let's say I have multiple (N) wallets, with N public addresses and N private addresses. Is there a simple way to track the balance (and transactions, but this is not so important) of those wallets? Ideally I would install an android app with the capability of adding public addresses that allows me to see the balance of those addresses.

I do not need to be able to spend from those wallets, just to be able to see the balance. That is, I do not need to import the private addresses, just the public ones.


texts: Does Bitcoin mining reward halving have documentation? Or is it just in the code?

texts:
I can't seem to find actual documentation about the reward halving process.
This is not addressed in Bitcoin's Whitepaper, although Satoshi Nakamoto briefly mentions the decrease of the reward, but never explicitly talks about the amount of the reward.
I've also looked in the references of Bitcoin's Wikipedia page, but nothing there either. The couple of crypto books I own do not mention it either.
Is it possible that the amount is explicitly described only in the source code? (To be honest I haven't looked at the source code.)


texts:
I'm having a hard time understanding how nLockTime works. The Bitcoin wiki has an explanation that is confusing to me:

  nLockTime is a parameter that can be attached to a transaction, that mandates a minimal time (specified in either unix time or block height), that before this time, the transaction cannot be accepted into a block.

Can someone explain it in plain English, with an example?


texts: Why do both Mt. Gox and Intersango use Polish banks?

texts:
Since their previous France and UK accounts were closed, both Mt. Gox and Intersango set up accounts in Poland.

Is there a specific reason why they chose Poland?


texts: Where to find a list of Bitcoin attorneys?

texts:
Does anyone know where to find a list of attorneys well-versed in Bitcoin?  A standard Google search has yielded decent results, but just wondering if this already exists somewhere.

More specifically, does anyone know of attorneys in the Chicago area that work in the Bitcoin related areas.


texts: Is there a cudaminer difficulty parameter option

texts:
I try to mine some btc using cudaminer on cex.io.
I'm using cudaminer for that. I have a lot 'low' rejected shares due to low difficulty (On the ghash.io they say the minimum stratum difficulty is 16).

I think my rejected shares is due to this difficulty but I dunno if I can change that on my side to avoid rejected shares.

Any idea?


texts: bitcoin full nodes vs simplified payment verification

texts: Why do individual nodes run "full nodes" that keep track of the entire blockchain whereas mechants can get away with "lite node" that implements "simplified payment verification" needing to examine only the last few blocks?


texts: How can I know *exactly* when my name_new domain is ready for the name_firstupdate step?

texts:
The FAQ very vaguely says "Wait at least 12 blocks", but it doesn't make much sense to me.

Unless I have totally misunderstood how this works, once the name_newd domain is in the chain, I should safely be able to proceed to the next step... so how can I know exactly if it is ready? Or am I missing something?


texts: Upgrading v0.14.2 to the latest v0.17.0.1 for 3 active wallets on one device

texts:
I am using a laptop dedicated to bitcoin, with bitcoin core installed, and switch between 3 active wallets. The switch is done using backups of all the files (including ‘wallet.dat’), held in ‘%AppData\Roaming\Bitcoin’ folder (these exclude ‘blocks’ & ‘chainstate’ folders).  I also have ‘private keys’ backups. For security reasons the laptop wallet remains empty (no BTC value) as the default position & all backups are stored off-line & further encrypted.  Rather than merge the wallets into one, I need to keep them separated out for reasons of logistics.

Firstly, please kindly advise if its possible to upgrade the client directly from currently installed v0.14.2 to the latest v0.17.0.1 (ignoring in between versions) using the default set of files representing an empty wallet?  I suspect this is possible?
Following the client upgrade to v0.17.0.1, kindly advise if the backed-up files, when loaded for one of the active wallets will correctly re-instate the wallet?
If 2 above is problematic, then I assume importing the appropriate set of private keys will successfully re-instate the active wallet?  This does seem to be confirmed as a solution from previous answers to similar questions.

I am a newbie to this site.  Please be patient with me:)

Thank you


texts: Can you have a transaction without a change output?

texts:
While reading about the fees here https://metamug.com/article/security/bitcoin-transaction-fee-satoshi-per-byte.html
The article said that "In the simplest case, you'll have one input and two outputs (the recipient, and change). So in=1 and out=2."
Does that mean that I cannot send the entire amount from one address to another? I thought that the simplest case is in=1 and out=1. And that in = out + fee


texts: Can a testnet node have a separate bitcoin.conf file?

texts: When running bitcoind on testnet, can I put its configuration settings in a separate bitcoin.conf file from the "real" bitcoin.conf file?  I would like to be able to run two nodes concurrently, one on the live network and one on the test network, each with its own configuration settings.


texts: With sendmany, how to specify the "subtractfeefrom" so that I pay the fee, but it's not subtracted from any of the "inner transactions"?

texts:
https://bitcoincore.org/en/doc/0.21.0/rpc/wallet/sendmany/
If I don't want the recipient to pay the fee, but I also don't want to subtract the fee from any of the "inner transactions" specified (that is, I want to pay it myself), what do I do with the "subtractfeefrom" parameter?


texts: Can an attacker use a modified Bitcoin node to pass fake transactions into the mempool?

texts:
Is it possible for a malicious attacker to download a bitcoin software code, modify that code and use that software for his own benefit? I know that any changes implemented in the bitcoin software must be accepted by the majority nodes in the bitcoin network. But, here, consider that the malicious attacker doesn't need to use that modified version of bitcoin software by other users.

Here is an example, Suppose B is a malicious miner. He wants to modify the verification conditions(20 rules) of transactions. Then, he edits the code of bitcoin software to set his own verification rules for transactions so that he can bypass all the invalid transactions from his accomplices to mempool. Is it possible?


texts: How to determine if transaction is going to propagate?

texts:
So I am creating a transaction using TransactionBuilder like this:

var builder = new TransactionBuilder();
Transaction tx = builder
  .AddCoins(coins)
  .AddKeys(privateKeys)
  .Send(recipientAddress, Money.Coins(amount))
  .SetChange(changeAddress)
  .SendFees(Money.Coins(fee))
  .BuildTransaction(sign: true);

Boolean verified = builder.Verify(tx);

And then I propagate it to the network like so:

using (var node = Node.ConnectToLocal(network))
{
    node.VersionHandshake();

    node.SendMessage(new InvPayload(InventoryType.MSG_TX, tx.GetHash()));

    node.SendMessage(new TxPayload(tx));
    Thread.Sleep(500);
}

I have two questions:

What does the builder.Verify(tx) even tell us? It returns a boolean, but sometimes I can propagate transactions that returned false. What does verify mean/do?
Since Verify() doesn't really tell us if a transaction will successfully propagate, how do I determine when a transaction made using TransactionBuilder will or won't propagate to the network?


texts: New Bitcoin Core installation. Wallet overwritten?

texts: I have a really old wallet which I recall had a tiny fraction of a bitcoin and I just was wondering if it was worth anything. I installed the newest version of bitcoin core in my old directory but I am afraid my wallet.dat might have been overwritten. Does anyone know if this is the case? I am in the process of downloading the entire database so


texts:
There are two bitcoin address:
(A) 1111111111111111111114oLvT2
(B) 31h1vYVSYuKP6AhS86fbRdMw9XHieotbST
which has the same hash160:
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
How is this possible and what are the consequences?

https://www.blockchain.com/btc/address/1111111111111111111114oLvT2
and
https://www.blockchain.com/btc/address/31h1vYVSYuKP6AhS86fbRdMw9XHieotbST


texts: Troubleshooting pybitcointools transaction signing/verification

texts:
I'm having several problems getting tests to successfully run under my fork (or vbuterin's pybitcointools, and I'm hoping someone with a combined Python / Bitcoin knowledge can provide some insight.

Here's the error message (as submitted to #145):

======================================================================
FAIL: test_all (__main__.TestTransaction)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/private/var/mobile/Containers/Shared/AppGroup/AA78F2EC-3EE8-40F4-A318-8A9AB1BCB5FF/Pythonista3/Documents/pybitcointools-vbuterin/test.py", line 179, in test_all
    self.assertTrue(verify_tx_input(tx1, 0, mscript, sig1, pubs[1]), "Verification Error")
AssertionError: Verification Error

======================================================================
FAIL: test_all (__main__.TestTransactionSignVerify)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/private/var/mobile/Containers/Shared/AppGroup/AA78F2EC-3EE8-40F4-A318-8A9AB1BCB5FF/Pythonista3/Documents/pybitcointools-vbuterin/test.py", line 133, in test_all
    "Verification error"
AssertionError: Verification error

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 18 tests in 6.944s

FAILED (failures=2, errors=2)

I've got a hunch this has to do with the introduction of low_s (ie s = N-s if s>N//2 else s) for ECDSA signing, but can't be certain.

Can anyone point out where things are going astray?


texts: Upper limit on the blockchain file size with pruning?

texts:
If blockchain pruning is implemented is there a theoretical upper limit on the blockchain file size?

My thinking is something like with "pruned" blockchain you only store the details of the unspent bitcoins, so even if every satoshi was sent to a unique address then the file to store this information would have a finite upper size limit. Is this correct? And ballpark what file would the file size be?

If there is a reasonable upper limit and with likely continuing reduction in storage costs (i.e. Kryder's law, similar to Moore's law but for storage) then the criticism about the size of the blockchain file may become irrelevant.


texts: Lightning network: which update messages are replayed?

texts: If I understand correctly, after a new node connects to a peer in the Lightning network, it receives all past channel announcement / update messages for currently open channels to recreate a local snapshot of the network. What messages are replayed? For example, for a very old channel with lots of channel updates, are all of them replayed? Why not just report the latest update message?


texts: When will my no fee transaction come back?

texts:
i've sent bitcoin with 0 fee 2 weeks ago.
but it doesn't come back.

i saw unconfirmed transactions coming back in 72 hours.

Is there a way to solve it other than double spend?

https://blockchain.info/ja/tx/0e846d7d4ea858cee2e6ba5915caffaa9628f60c120b4a5e6a493dc74f7ec58a


texts: When joining the bitcoin network, you request a list of peers that a node has so that you are able to connect to those peers if you wanted to, in order to be better connected. Is there any way that when requesting the peers list of a node, the node could provide a fake peers list with a number of 'bad' nodes?


texts: What is the motivation behind Russell Yanofsky's work to separate Bitcoin Core into independent node, wallet and GUI processes? What are the advantages to process separation?


texts: I am new in bitcoin. I am developing a PHP website to let users build their wallet on my website. I want to give every user a wallet. I do not want to give users private keys. I keep private keys, so all their bitcoins owns mine. If everyone wants to spend his/her bitcoins, he/she needs to send a withdrawal request and I will handle it. I want to be able to send user's bitcoin at once with one transaction and one fee. So if I give every user a new address, bitcoins will be a changeed (a little amount in every address). So spending them needs lots of fee. What should I do? I am using blockcypher's API. Is there any other API can help? What senario should I do to achieve all above targets? thanks.


texts: Is it possible to sign a transaction (to spend) from a multisig address using only one private key?

texts:
Let's assume there's a segwit address created with 3 different private keys.

Is there a chance that exist 1 (just one) other private key (in the universe of valid private keys) that can sign a transaction from that multisig address (that requires 3 keys to spend)?


texts:
I want to make some test on testnet using the API and I would like to fetch datas from a remote computer.
The client is on raspberry which has an internal IP,than I have a dyndns address which pings my router on a given port(3400) -> from router I redirect the request to raspberry PI's IP with clients port for API calls(192.168.178.40:8332) and I have this in my

rpcallowip=192.168.178.40

but I get 403 status code


texts: Does the original Bitcoin client scale to contain millions of addresses?

texts: We use the standard client in our business. The wallet already contains about 25k addresses. Will the wallet remain stable after the number reaches 100k or a million addresses? I was told that all major business have forked the client. Should we also fork and code our own wallet?


texts: Is bitcoin arbitrage profit varies with BTC market price?

texts:
Consider the following scenario,

I have 365 USD in Btc-e and 1 BTC in Cryptsy, now I bought 1 BTC at a price of 362 USD in Btc-e and sell it on Cryptsy with 370 USD, now I made the profit of 4 USD (included txn fee), now the current market price of 1 BTC is 370 USD

Market price I mentioned was 1 BTC = 360 USD

How the market price affect my profit?
Still I have 8 USD profit in Cryptsy or I made a loss/profit with respect to market price?


texts:
I am trying to get inbound connections on my p2pool instance. I currently have 6 outbound connections and the pool is working fine, but I would like to have more connections (might help get a few less shares, and if nothing else help the network a little bit).

I have been looking around how to do this, it seems like you need to set up a port forward to port 9332 (or 9338 for litecoin). I have never done this before, and have a few miners which are doing OK on my existing pool so before I go ahead and ruin my p2pool node I thought I'd reach out and see if anyone had any experience they would like to share :)

I am using Ubuntu 12.04 (64-bit), thanks for your help!


texts: What happens to the transactions included in the forks?

texts:
Let:

a) the vector triplet <x,y,z> refer <height, index, parent_index>

b) blocks, block100, block110 (of height 1) are mined together and they both refer previous block block00[null] (of height 0).

Block, block110 (of height 1) gets a child block and its branch grows but

block block100 doesn't get any child block till then and became leaf/fork.

Please advise what happens to the ith transaction t100i of block, block100 that is not included in the branching block, block110.


texts: What will happen if i change the checkpoint data from bitcoin source code and try to synchronice with blockchain?

texts:
Suppose i have fully synchronosed bitcoin node running in my local machine and i change its checkpoints data apart from its genesis block and recompile the code. Now what will happen when i try to run the daemon, having older block data residing inside .bitcoin folder.
Is this what orphan block is?


texts: How do I account for bitcoin profit on UK tax return

texts:
I want to cash out some bitcoin with a profit (<£2000) from trading.

Do I need to declare it in my next tax statement?  Is it ok to just show amount bought and amount held or do I need to declare all the transactions on the various exchanges?  (I used Cryptsy for a while which is now bust so no idea how I can get the transactions from that.)


texts: bitcoin alternatives for solo mining on an average laptops

texts: Bitcoins take a lot of time, what are the alternatives? i've heard of litecoin but there are so many outhere so what would be the best choice for an average pc?


texts: Bitcoind does not like ECDSA (r, s) pair produced by OpenSSL

texts:
I am writing transactions manually and have stumbled across a rather bizarre situation.

Only one in a few of the transactions I broadcast to bitcoind is accepted, otherwise I get a REJECT_NONSTANDARD (Non-canonical DER signature).

So I got my hands dirty and tracked the rejection to be originating from this line: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/9c5f0d542d1db507b3b9c87bd9de6d0d758d51c1/src/script/interpreter.cpp#L163

I read about DER encoding and checked how IsValidSignatureEncoding is enforcing it, but I do not know why OpenSSL generates not-DER-compliant (r, s) values?

How should I overcome this? I am thinking of something along the lines of (pseudocode):

Pair (r, s);
do
{
   (r, s) = sign(hash, pvtkey);
} while (r[0] >= 128 || s[0] >= 128); // where r[0], s[0] should be the very first byte of each value

But isn't that kind of redundant? Can I give OpenSSL any flag to produce a valid DER (R, S) pair in the first place?


texts: Loading wallet crashes bitcoin core wallet

texts:
When trying to load a wallet I last used in 2017 December, in bitcoin core wallet 0.21.0 x64, the UI exits abruptly, last few lines in the debug.log shows the following:
2021-02-10T07:20:22Z Using wallet d:\btdata\dijitalparaciklar.dat
2021-02-10T07:20:22Z BerkeleyEnvironment::Open: LogDir=d:\btdata\database ErrorFile=d:\btdata\db.log
2021-02-10T07:20:22Z init message: Loading wallet...
2021-02-10T07:20:23Z [dijitalparaciklar.dat] Wallet File Version = 130000
2021-02-10T07:20:23Z [dijitalparaciklar.dat] Keys: 0 plaintext, 214 encrypted, 214 w/ metadata, 214 total. Unknown wallet records: 0
2021-02-10T07:20:23Z [dijitalparaciklar.dat] Wallet completed loading in 175ms
2021-02-10T07:20:23Z init message: Rescanning...
2021-02-10T07:20:23Z [dijitalparaciklar.dat] Rescanning last 173423 blocks (from block 496540)...
2021-02-10T07:20:23Z [dijitalparaciklar.dat] Rescan started from block 0000000000000000009e546a2183eb90aea183bd153f2d7b3c34f67b4aa6abc5...
2021-02-10T07:20:23Z [dijitalparaciklar.dat] AddToWallet 0f1162a63b3ae14a3bc8907f8edbb57e392fc5dfadfe866de0eb5d470f7504df
2021-02-10T07:20:25Z New outbound peer connected: version: 70015, blocks=669964, peer=2 (full-relay)

Windows records the crash as follows:
Faulting application name: bitcoin-qt.exe, version: 0.21.0.0, time stamp: 0x00000000
Faulting module name: bitcoin-qt.exe, version: 0.21.0.0, time stamp: 0x00000000
Exception code: 0xc0000005
Fault offset: 0x000000000038ca40
Faulting process id: 0x5128
Faulting application start time: 0x01d6ff7aa101f703
Faulting application path: D:\Bitcoin\bitcoin-qt.exe
Faulting module path: D:\Bitcoin\bitcoin-qt.exe
Report Id: 49909fad-f4bd-4f8c-9423-a585cbeaba86
Faulting package full name:
Faulting package-relative application ID:
Any ideas why this could be happening? db.log is empty btw..


texts: Is Lightning Network a risk for Bitcoin security since it reduces miner fees?

texts:
does LN represent a risk for the Bitcoin ecosystem since it will reduce miner fees (the only income they'll have in a post-btc-minting world) and displace them into second layers?

I couldn't find any analysis that addresses this concern (the reduction of hashrate).

If fees are reduced for miners it will centralize even more mining, since even less organizations could support mining operations in a profitable way.

Will it centralize mining even more and reduce hashrate, thus reducing Bitcoin decentralization?


texts: Will nodes configured with a larger-than-default mempool automatically retransmit transactions that have been dropped from the default mempool?

texts:
If a transaction is sent and dropped from the default mempool before it is included in a block, but nodes with a larger-than-default mempool size exist that still have the transaction, will those nodes retransmit that transaction eventually?
This is a matter of policy, so different Bitcoin implementations may have different behaviors. I'm most curious about Bitcoin Core, since it's very common, but if other node implementations differ, I'm curious about them too.
If such transactions aren't retransmitted, I'm also curious why not, since it seems like such behavior might be useful.


texts:
There is a locking to each transaction? and sender also attach his digital signature to that transaction?

When this transaction comes to miners then how they validate this transaction is valid.

What I understand is they check locking and digital signature. but locking contains receiver address. Then how digital signature of a sender will work with locking (which contains receiver address)?


texts: What is a mechanism of providing Merkle Path?

texts:
In the Bitcoin, SPV node can query that its transaction is included specific block to full node that provides merkle path which has super fast calculation.

In terms of full nodes, they have full-ledger and merkle tree that is consist of transaction tree. so they can find some transaction queried by SPV node(light node) but my question is that how they can efficiently find it?

They may dislike compute to find transaction if they have to sequence search because they are busy to find hash value of block to earn block reward.

Sorry for my English.


texts: wallet notification not working for multisig address

texts:
I am new in bitcoin. I started research about bitcoin(Couple of days ago) for my project.I setup bitcoin node on my linux server and it is fully synchronized. here is my bitcoin.conf

prune=600
maxconnections=10
maxuploadtarget=20
rpcuser=XXXXX
rpcpassword=XXXXX
keypool=100
server=1
rescan=1
alertnotify=php \var\www\html\alert.php %s
blocknotify=php \var\www\html\block.php %s
walletnotify=php \var\www\html\wallet.php %s

Case 1: I created address using getnewaddress [account_name] then I sent some BTC from other wallet and I can get wallet notification.

Case 2: I created address using addmultisigaddress command then I sent some BTC from other wallet and I can get wallet notification.

Case 3 : I have created multisig address using createmultisig command. And I sent some BTC from other wallet (Check transaction status ). That transaction have enough confirmation But I can not get wallet notification.

Why i can not getting wallet notification of multisig address (Case 3)?

addmultisigaddress command will save redeemScript and attache it to that address. this is work for me and I can get notification.

So here i also want to know how secure is my multisig address if i create it using addmultisigaddress command? Suppose my server hacked, Attacker easily get redeemscript(using validateaddress command) and also can get sign address associate with it and privet key of that addresses. My BTC can be easly Theft.

Please suggest me the best way to create multisig address or answer me why I am not getting wallet notification of multisig address and what is alternative solution?

Info: I want to develop BTC wallet website where my user can create BTC address and can send and receive BTC. I want to create multisig address for every user. What is best way to create multisig address for them? any security advice welcome.

I searched lots of about this multsig address but I can't get any idea how to implement it (Multisig address using createmultisig command) in my project and wonder how other how other website support multisig address and handle it? Are they using addmultisigaddress command ? If yes then how secure is that account ?

if I can't get wallet notification then how can I credit or debit BTC from my user account (In my project).

Thank you in advance.


texts: Is it possible to reduce the block interval in the future?

texts: Is it possible in future to reduce the confirmation time of the transactions? Can it somehow be reduced to less than 10 minutes? Can it be made faster?


texts:
I have installed bitcoin-qt, so I maintain the blockchain locally. I have a list with transaction hashes strings (i.e f5d8ee39a430901c91a5917b9f2dc19d6d1a0e9cea205b009ca73dd04470b9a6) and I want to request information about those trasactions (input/ouput public keys, value etc).

I know that I can do it with blockchain.info api, but the problem is that there is a huge amount of transactions, and the avereage time of a single transaction is 0.3 secs. (So for millions of transactions there must be days)
I have also tried bitcointools but this project is becoming obsolete with recent versions of Bitcoin-Qt/bitcoind.

Any suggestions so as to make the whole procedure more efficiently?


texts: C-lightning Implementation password protect hsm while maintaing node access

texts: I was wondering if there was a way to encrypt the folder that contains the hsm_secret (and a lot of other operational files necessary for constant operation of a C-lightning node) without cutting it off from normal access required by an operational lightning network node?


texts: What are the Advantages of Mainnet over Testnet?

texts: In recent days most of the ICO's starting with test net then developing their own block with mainnet. I don't know why they are doing this. What are the reasons behind this starting with testnet and switching to mainnet?


texts: How can you check the amount in your blockchain or bitcoin address online?

texts: How can know or check your blockchain or bitcoin account address to know amount on it?


texts: Will any of the proposed Scripts (OP_XXX) allow subscription/recurring type payments?

texts:
Is it possible to implement a subscription/recurring payment type using Bitcoin scripts?

For example, you could send a payment for a service where there is a monthly subscription say, and each month if there was enough bitcoin in the paying address the required amount would be sent to the service provider. The time could be based on block number, which should correlate well with time, i.e. a monthly payment could be a payment every 4320 blocks.


texts: Format of mkey field in encrypted wallet.dat file

texts:
I am writing a C++ application to scour large files (typically disk images) for wallet.dat files, with the intention of recovering the private keys.

At the moment I am struggling the data contained in the ‘mkey’ (Master Key) section of an encrypted wallet.dat file.

From Googling and pouring over the source code for Bitcoin and various other utilities that do what I want to do (such as pywallet) I have deduced the that data layout of mkey data is:

mkey - a size prefixed string denoting the start of the master key data.
nID - an integer whose purpose I have been unable to determine.
encrypted_key - a size prefixed buffer containing the encrypted master key.
salt - a size prefixed buffer containing the salt data used when encrypting the key.
derivation_method - an integer containing either 0 or 1 for the method used to encrypt the master key using the wallet password.
derivation_rounds – an integer containing the number of rounds used to encrypt the master key.
other_derivation_parameters

However, having examined my wallet.dat file with a hex editor (screenshot attached) I cannot seem to get the data it contains to correlate with the above.

Can someone point me in the right direction or tell me what I have missed.


texts: How to determine if a cryptocurrency has a promising future?

texts:
This may be a very subjective question. I've watched this video where Lark states that some coins (Monero, ZCash, DASH, etc) have a promising future and others don't.

What's the criteria to make this kind of predicion?

Is it possible to speculate the future of coins that are on their early stages (with little value and not much information about them in the community)?


texts: Can a Bitcoin ( or any other cryptocurrency ) be compromised with a large botnet/s?

texts:
I'm new to cryptocurrencies, so I recently read the paper from the Satoshi Nakamoto ( link is here ) to know a little bit more about the Bitcoin.And I saw this statement:

  What is needed is an electronic payment system based on cryptographic
  proof instead of trust, allowing any two willing parties to transact
  directly with each other without the need for a trusted third party.
  Transactions that are computationally impractical to reverse would
  protect sellers from fraud, and routine escrow mechanisms could easily
  be implemented to protect buyers. In this paper, we propose a solution
  to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer distributed
  timestamp server to generate computational proof of the chronological
  order of transactions. The system is secure as long as honest nodes
  collectively control more CPU power than any cooperating group of
  attacker nodes.

So my questions would be:

Could a large botnet disrupt/hack the whole cryptocurrency system if
the botnet currently holds more CPU power than the friendly nodes?
If yes,would it be feasible at all and or worth the work?

I may understood this whole idea wrongly, so any tips, advice is appreciated!


texts:
In 2013 a new bitcoin core was released and one of the supposed improvement was migrating from Berkeley DB to LevelDB. According to the release notes at bitcoin.org:

  LevelDB, a fast, open-source, non-relational database from Google, is
  now used to store transaction and block indices. LevelDB works much
  better on machines with slow I/O and is faster in general.

Similar statements were done by bitcoin core developers:

  LevelDB - an open-source rewrite of Google's own database system - was
  designed for efficiency and consistency on commodity hardware, and
  outperforms BDB by an order of magnitude in some settings. Preliminary
  tests with LevelDB show very good results.

However, nowadays there are several comments through the internet critizing LevelDB. According to LevelDB page at Wikipedia:

  LevelDB is widely noted for being unreliable and databases it manages
  are prone to corruption. Academic studies of past versions of LevelDB
  have found that, under some file systems, the data stored in those
  versions of LevelDB might become inconsistent after a system crash or
  power failure. LevelDB corruption is so commonplace that corruption
  detection has to be built in to applications that use it.

In summary, the complaints about LevelDB are:

unreliable and databases are prone to corruption
several bugs due to fundamental flaws
poor code quality
no longer actively maintained (i.e. dead project)

Question 1
Are these complaints about LevelDB correct?

Question 2
What is the final balance of migrating Bitcoin Core from Berkeley DB to LevelDB? Is LevelDB working as expected? This migration was the right choice?


texts:
I'm having difficulty GPG-verifying my offline Armory installer for Ubuntu, using the suggested steps:

$ cd Downloads # the directory containing the *.deb
$ gpg --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 98832223
$ sudo apt-get install dpkg-sig
$ dpkg-sig --verify *.deb

The first three steps are working, since I can verify the standard Ubuntu installer:

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/Downloads$ dpkg-sig --verify *.deb
Processing armory_0.92.3_ubuntu-32bit.deb...
GOODSIG _gpgbuilder 821F122936BDD565366AC36A4AB16AEA98832223 1412393663

But for the offline bundle I just get this:

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/Downloads$ dpkg-sig --verify *.deb
E: Cannot find *.deb: no such file
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/Downloads$ ls
Alan-C.-Reiner-Offline-Signing-Key-alan@bitcoinarmory.com-0x98832223-pub.asc
armory_0.92.3_offline_ubuntu_12.04-32.tar.gz

So I extracted the .tar.gz and cd OfflineBundle, which gives me these files:

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/Downloads/OfflineBundle$ ls
Alan-C.-Reiner-Offline-Signing-Key-alan@bitcoinarmory.com-0x98832223-pub.asc
armory_0.92.3_ubuntu-32bit.deb
dpkg-sig_0.13.1_all.deb
Install_DoubleClick_RunInTerminal.sh
libqt4-designer_4.8.1-0ubuntu4.8_i386.deb
libqt4-help_4.8.1-0ubuntu4.8_i386.deb
libqt4-scripttools_4.8.1-0ubuntu4.8_i386.deb
libqt4-test_4.8.1-0ubuntu4.8_i386.deb
libqtassistantclient4_4.6.3-3ubuntu2_i386.deb
libqtwebkit4_2.2.1-1ubuntu4_i386.deb
python-psutil_0.4.1-1ubuntu1_i386.deb
python-pyasn1_0.0.11a-1ubuntu1_all.deb
python-qt4_4.9.1-2ubuntu1_i386.deb
python-sip_4.13.2-1_i386.deb
python-twisted_11.1.0-1ubuntu2_all.deb
python-twisted-conch_11.1.0-1_all.deb
python-twisted-lore_11.1.0-1_all.deb
python-twisted-mail_11.1.0-1_all.deb
python-twisted-news_11.1.0-1_all.deb
python-twisted-runner_11.1.0-1_i386.deb
python-twisted-words_11.1.0-1_all.deb

I'm pretty sure it's armory_0.92.3_ubuntu-32bit.deb that is the file that should have the GOODSIG after it, but when I run dpkg-sig --verify *.deb, I just get this:

Processing armory_0.92.3_ubuntu-32bit.deb...
Processing dpkg-sig_0.13.1_all.deb...
Processing libqt4-designer_4.8.1-0ubuntu4.8_i386.deb...
Processing libqt4-help_4.8.1-0ubuntu4.8_i386.deb...
Processing libqt4-scripttools_4.8.1-0ubuntu4.8_i386.deb...
Processing libqt4-test_4.8.1-0ubuntu4.8_i386.deb...
Processing libqtassistantclient4_4.6.3-3ubuntu2_i386.deb...
Processing libqtwebkit4_2.2.1-1ubuntu4_i386.deb...
Processing python-psutil_0.4.1-1ubuntu1_i386.deb...
Processing python-pyasn1_0.0.11a-1ubuntu1_all.deb...
Processing python-qt4_4.9.1-2ubuntu1_i386.deb...
Processing python-sip_4.13.2-1_i386.deb...
Processing python-twisted_11.1.0-1ubuntu2_all.deb...
Processing python-twisted-conch_11.1.0-1_all.deb...
Processing python-twisted-lore_11.1.0-1_all.deb...
Processing python-twisted-mail_11.1.0-1_all.deb...
Processing python-twisted-news_11.1.0-1_all.deb...
Processing python-twisted-runner_11.1.0-1_i386.deb...
Processing python-twisted-words_11.1.0-1_all.deb...

Am I missing something?  What should I do?  I'm almost tempted to just replace the armory_0.92.3_ubuntu-32bit.deb file that came in the offline bundle with the one that came with the standard armory installer, but I'm worried that the rest of the files in OfflineBundle may have been tampered with as well.


texts: How can I convert a SHA256 hash into a Bitcoin base58 private key?

texts:
How can I take the output of sha256sum

sudofox@ubuntu:~$ echo -n 'Hi guys!' | sha256sum
7542fb6685f9fd8f37d56faf62f0bb4563684a51539e4b26f0840db361e0027c  -

and turn it into a Base58Check encoded private key?

I need to be able to do this with a list of SHA256 keys. Is there a script I can download, or must I spend a few weeks making it just so I can make my temporary addresses?

In response to first comment:
No, I must input a string, like "fluttershy", for example, into sha256sum and then I must encode the output of sha256sum into a base58check private key.

string -->sha256sum --> some automagic process, which is the purpose of this question --> bitcoin private key.

Update: For anyone wanting to use Grondilu's Bitcoin Bash Tools: You need to source the bitcoin.sh file after extracting it into your directory to use the functions.

source ./bitcoin.sh

Update 2 (Aug 2017): Rewrote script to go from step 1 to WIF in one go. You can just add the declaration of base58 and the encodeBase58 functions from bitcoin.sh if you want to skip the rest of the lib.

#!/bin/bash
#Tool to convert bitcoin privkeys into WIF keys
# by sudofox

source ./bitcoin.sh

KEY=$1 # first arg

# add 0x80 to beginning
EXTENDEDKEY=$(echo 80$KEY)
FIRSTHASH=$(echo -n "$EXTENDEDKEY" |xxd -r -p |sha256sum -b|awk '{print $1}')
SECONDHASH=$(echo -n "$FIRSTHASH" |xxd -r -p |sha256sum -b|awk '{print $1}')
CHECKSUM=$(echo $SECONDHASH|cut -c1-8)
FINAL=$(encodeBase58 $EXTENDEDKEY$CHECKSUM)
echo $FINAL

The usage would be

./sha256_to_privkey.sh key

where in my example (see Stephen Gornick's answer), key would be

807542FB6685F9FD8F37D56FAF62F0BB4563684A51539E4B26F0840DB361E0027CCD5C4A8E

Do the same thing for the various functions, modifying as needed. Hope this helps anyone struggling to use the tools.


texts:
How paranoid should you be when storing cryptocurrencies?

1. I am currently storing some BTC and LTC at paper wallets, but this does not feel good because what if the paper wallet gets 100 transactions in? Won't the paper wallet then be "full"? What if I accidentaly missed one character when I copied the private key by hand?

2. What if I import the private key to my Bitcoin-QT wallet on my computer in order to spend some BTC. When I am done spending the BTC I backup the wallet.dat on a USB stick, then I remove the wallet.dat file from the computer. The file will still be on the HDD and what if someone gets their hand on my computer and runs some recovery program that recovers the wallet.dat file?

I have soon 10 000€ stored in cryptocurrencies and losing them would suck so hard. What if someone comes up with a backdoor in Windows that steals everyone's wallet.dat file? I am sure there are people working on something like this, since they would be millionares if they succeed...


texts:
I am new to the subject, but as I was studying I wasn't able to understand something and I would appreciate if anyone could help me.
I understand that in most aspects bitcoin doesn't rely on trusting the nodes. It's in the best interest of each node to validate and append blocks broadcasted by other miners, so we can assume that the nodes will do it. It's in the best interest of each node to validate the transactions they put in a block, otherwise it will be rejected. But why do nodes gain in propagating the transactions they receive? If that's not how it works, how is the transaction poll created?


texts: Do all transactions have at least one output that contains at least one bitcoin address

texts:
Do all transactions that are included in a valid block have to have at least one bitcoin address as part of their outputs (vout)?

I found this to be similar: Are Bitcoin transactions permitted to have no outputs (i.e. all inputs become transaction fee)? although not quite the same.


texts: How can I get Electrum running under Debian with a restrictive firewall?

texts:
So I'm running Debian 9.1 with KDE and am using iptables to disallow all outgoing and incoming traffic by default except that which I explicitly permit.

I keep on being disconnected with a red dot in the bottom right. I already tried selecting servers manually and opening port 5002. When running netstat -pln other strange ports show up. If possible I'd like to only use port 80 and 443. Which ports do I need to open in which way to get it working? Or is there anything else I need to configure to get it working?


texts:
Recently I created an account/wallet on coinbase.com. Then I transferred my BTCs I already had from blockchain.info to the wallet on Coinbase.

A bit later I bought some new bitcoins directly from Coinbase with my credit card and I expected that I'm able to see something like a transaction ID and a block reference once the new BTCs arrived in my wallet.

Interestingly I got the BTCs but there's no transaction of block reference as expected.

On support.coinbase.com they say:

  You can view most digital currency transactions on the network's respective blockchain, which records and verifies the legitimacy of transactions. However, when transferring from a Coinbase account to another Coinbase account, the transactions occur off the blockchain. […] For these "off-chain" transactions, you won't be able to view the bitcoin transfer in the blockchain, and there won't be an "Advanced Details" link when you click on the transaction.

As far as I understand the bitcoin blockchain the idea behind the whole thing is that everybody knows how many bitcoins I own (yes I know, my identity are hash addresses).

But if there's something like off-chain transactions this means that I don't own the BTCs I bought with my credit card, from a technical point of view because no one (the distributed ledger) know's about this transaction.

Is this correct?


texts:
While mining with a pool,
I recently noticed among the numerous "Stratum from pool 0 requested" lines that
bfgminer prints,   one saying

 Accepted (hex number) CPU 2 Diff 288/2

Does this mean that I found a valid block? Or something else?

Looking at my BTC Guild account, I see no evidence of any blocks found by my computer.


texts: How can a single funded channel become bidirectional?

texts: Is it possible that funding transaction of Lightning Network channel has got just one input? And if yes will it be one-directional during whole period of channel existence? Or after some off-chain transactions into Lightning Network, channel will become bidirectional due to second participant will have some funds after this transactions?


texts:
I was wondering if there are any good X,Y,Zpub converter tools that any of you are aware of. For instance, a tool that could convert an Xpub into the equivalent Zpub.

I was inspired to ask this question, as I was playing around with multi-sig capabilities on both Electrum and Caravan. I created a Segwit MultiSig wallet on Caravan by inserting 3 Xpubs into the tool (https://unchained-capital.github.io/caravan/#/wallet). I got a wallet with bc1 addresses...

I then tried to re-create that wallet with only the xPubs on Electrum (mimicking a scenario where I didn't have all the signor keys), but Electrum read the xPubs as legacy and generated standard P2SH 3xxx... addresses in the wallet, a completely set of addresses. Not what I was looking for!

I then recreated the initial SegWit MultiSig wallet (from step 1) on Electrum, by actually connecting the same devices. I got the same bc1 addresses as Step 1. Nice.

I opened the Electrum wallet data for the MS wallet and noticed that Zpubs were noted, rather then the xPubs I had seen in the wallet data from Caravan. Note: both of these wallets generate the same addresses depending on the tool used.

I then put the zPubs into Caravan to try and recreate the same MS wallet using the Electrum data (which worked), and it automatically converted the zPubs from the Electrum wallet to xPubs with the note: https://gyazo.com/b66d8788e62208a2bdd021fb6ce53bd7

Is there a tool that performs the opposite functions, that converts an xPubs to a zPub?
This would give me comfort that I don't have to save both xPub and zPub wallet files! I could simply use either the Caravan or Electrum wallet file and be confident I could always derive the other format if needed.


texts: What is the format of the standard claim script?

texts:
With reference to this:
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Transactions#Pay-to-PubkeyHash

It would seem the claim script is simply the signature consisting of S and R and the public key.

However I know at least the signature gets DER encoded, which is fine I found a library for that, but I don't know the details. For instance is it:
DER(S,R)+pubkey, DER(R,S)+pubkey or DER(S+R+pubkey) and so on, there are many permutations etc.?

I'm looking for something like this where you can see what each byte is supposed to be:
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_specification


texts: Can I run a full bitcoin node on a Raspberry Pi?

texts: If so, what would be the best way to get started?


texts: Can someone post an explanation of how to get the input/output addresses?

texts: Can someone post an explanation of how to find the source and destination addresses of a transaction from the input/output portions of a block?


texts: Is the bit encoding format for the graphic in BIP 68 implicitly little-endian?

texts:
CLTV (OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY - absolute locktime) and CSV (OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY - relative locktime) utilize BIP 68. Is the locktime for those two operations implicitly encoded in little-endian format?

Byte swapping associated with endianess has a very serious impact on the semantics for lock types (i.e., absolute, relative) and locktime value units (i.e., block number, seconds). Would it be prudent/responsible for the BIP 68 Standard to make it clear whether the bit-encoding is natively little-endian or big-endian?


texts: How do we know the size of the Bitcoin transactions?  How do we know that the price action is not being driven by a couple (or otherwise small group) of investors that are just flipping small fractions of Bitcoin back and forth?


texts: Does a Block contain the list of transactions? Or only the Merkle Tree?

texts:
I was wondering how a block encodes its set of transactions. I know a Merkle Tree is generated, and that it encodes a Hashed version of the transactions. But is the Merkle Tree included in the Block that gets sent to the other nodes for validation?  Is there a list of transactions that it also sent?

In my understanding, when a Node wishes to 'Mine', they will:

Generate a new block
Create a coinbase transaction
Gather a subset of the other incomplete transactions (those that have not yet been put into a block) from its copy of the blockchain.
Generate a Merkle Tree using the transactions from steps 2 & 3
Increment a Nonce repeatedly until the Hash of the <Previous Hash, Nonce, Transactions from 4> begin with a certain number of 0s.

It seems that to validate each individual transaction (to ensure money is not double-spent), it would be good to include a list of transactions. But to check that the proof-of-work has actually been completed, the other nodes need the merkle tree to quickly hash.

It is very possible that there is also a way to obtain the list of transactions from a merkle tree, but I just don't understand what that process looks like.

P.S. I am building my own Python demo implementation of a blockchain currency, hence the more-theoretical/less-practical questions.

Thanks.


texts: Can multiple people create one multisignature address, while keeping their private keys private?

texts:
Is it possible for person A, person B, and person C to create a multiple signature address without one person needing to initially know all three addresses to create that public address in the first place?

Ideally 5 people somehow create an address together, maybe passing it on to each other? But only if 3 out of those 5 private keys are used, can money be gotten out of that wallet?


texts: Is it always necessary to be in the pool with the most miners joining to have the most profitable mining pool?

texts:
I realise that opinion on a specific pool is subjective and prone to change.

My question: If I am in pool A and additional miners join then my share in the pool is reduced proportionately. Additionally, the pool received more block find rewards proportionately. Similarly, the reverse if users leave the pool. My mining reward in the pool is largely unchanged.

If miners join pool B then pool A finds lees blocks proportionately and my mining reward is also reduced. The reverse is also true.

It seems that the most profitable pool, with all other things being equal, is always the pool with the most miners joining? Both because they are not joining pool B I do not suffer any loss (or, they are leaving pool C) and, because the new miners are joining pool A I do not suffer any loss.

It seems like the ideal scenario is for pool A to syphon all users from all other pools and become a conglomerated 'Mining Central'? Or rather, for all other miners in pool B and C to quit.

Please correct my assumptions if they are wrong.


texts: Antminer S5 Chain 2 stops after a few hours

texts:
I recently purchased an Antminer S5 on eBay that came with a Corsair GS 800 power supply. I set the miner up, connected it to a pool, and it seemed like it was working fine. After about 15 minutes I noticed that Chain 2 was inactive (status showed multiple '-' on miner configuration page). I restarted the miner, and it was working fine until again after about 2 hours, Chain 2 stopped, but now its status still showed it was active ('ooo'). So I restarted again, and after about 6-8 hours this time, Chain 2 stops, and still shows as active.

Each time chain 2 stops the total GH/s is only about 600.

I'm really confused by this because it seems like the miner is working but something just causes chain 2 to stop. It came shipped with 2 new fans on the front and back, and a frequency of 387.5M (Default is 350). The seller has not been of much help so far. Really has only been telling me to keep restarting it, which works but only for a short time.

Any ideas what could cause this or how to fix?

Thanks


texts: How do i can track all my own transactions in ripple.Whether any user is submitting or withdrawing ripple

texts:
Thanks in advance.

I have one fixed address on ripple and user will be submitting and withdrawing ripple currency in my site.

I need to track all the transaction happening with all my users.

Please tell me the better way to handle such problem.

There is an API https://ripple.com/build/data-api-v2/#get-transactions which will give all the transaction in the descending order.

But I am unable to track transaction which is occurring to my users only.

Thanks


texts:
I was listening to the Pompliano podcast and there was this really awesome guy talking about how he has been able to use local Bitcoin to stay afloat in amidst a collapsing economy and society in his home nation of Venezuela.

He shared how others like him have been able to survive economically thanks to local Bitcoin, but what is local Bitcoin? Where can I learn more about it?


texts: Why getinfo() and listchannels() inactive channel count differs?

texts:
I have strange results comparing node information outputs between getinfo() and listchannels() calls. Maybe someone has thoughts what is wrong (with my trivial code or with c-lightning itself):

chans = lnd.listchannels(source=mychan)['channels']
for chan in chans:
    if chan['active'] == False:
        total_inactive += 1
        print('inactive chan with node: ' + chan['destination'])
    else:
        total_active += 1

print('my inactive chans: ' + str(total_inactive))
print('my active chans: ' + str(total_active))

gives me:

my inactive chans: 2
my active chans: 23

But, lightning-cli getinfo gives:

"num_active_channels": 25,
"num_inactive_channels": 5,


texts: Why can a 51% attacker not change the block reward?

texts:
It is said that in the case of an attacker having a sustained 51% power, the attack still cannot change the block reward. Why?

My naive understanding is that, since consensus is controlled by the attacker, this suffices to push through a protocol change that changes the reward.

The main branch is the only one that can still confirm transactions, so clients
would need to update their software to stay on this (malicious) main branch.


texts: How many confirmations will Bitcoin core wait before I can send my coins out?

texts:
Using Bitcoin core 0.14, how many confirmations do I have to wait before I can send the coins out?

Is there a method to wait X confirmations before sending coins out from specific addresses that have less than X confirmations?


texts:
I'm curious about how to trade bitcoin in bitcoins. I want to do this because it squares the gains (and losses) from crypto. I'm not intending on doing this with leverage for safety reasons. So, what I mean is like (but don't say this) Bit-MEX (for the most part): the price doubles, and the amount of money in real dollars quadruples. This is like trading on x times leverage where x is the current price divided by the entry price with insignificant to no liquidation risk. I would prefer it to be for Coinbase because that is what is popular.

Example based on past data:

BTC price is $3,150 in Dec 2018...0.05 BTC bought for under $200.

BTC price is $13,400 in Jun 2019...0.21 BTC sold with ~$2,750 in return.

Note: Don't tell me to use Bit-MEX, Bitfinex, etc. because I live in the United States.


texts: Why can't we make the Bitcoin software start the blockchain from the beginning?

texts:
I"m really wondering: you see 13 gigabytes (current blockchain size) is big enough only because there are all of transactions.

Can Bitcoin developers create such a piece of code which will shrink the size of the blockchain by collecting information of all addresses and representing some kind of inputs without using a Merkle tree, but in "database" style (like 4.5 bitcoins belongs to Alice, 2.3 belongs to Bob, ... ,.. .. and so on)

If blockchain size could be shrinked once in a year, then that would be a great solution.

Why isn't such a model allowable or what is the probability that Bitcoin developers will adopt this kind of protocol?

My solution here implies that everything on Bitcoin goes on the same way, but except for the fact that there will be a blockchain limit like 250 gigabytes for the blockchain - once the network will reach that limit, the network will agree on the last included block of transactions, after which the whole network will switch to a new blockchain file which won't wipe out everybody's bitcoins, but which will just create the genesis blocks based on previous files with all previous inputs belonging to their owner's addresses.

Please don't just say "it won't work".


texts: Where can I find examples of Node JS code for P2SH transactions (funding and spending)

texts:
I have the following example, on which I admit I am stuck:

Bob sends 0.5 BTC to Carla, who is the owner of a P2SH address of the form 3xxxxxx.

For Carla to spend the 0.5 BTC and pay Josh, who also has a 3xxxxxx P2SH address, she needs the redeemScript from Bob.

Let's say she has that from Bob and Carla sends to Josh the 0.5 BTC. Now we have a TRXO of 0.5 which can be seen on blockchain explorer under Josh's address.

To spend the TRXO, Josh also needs the redeemScript, right? Is it the same one as Bob's redeemScript?

According to Andreas's book, the redeemScript required for spending from a P2SH address is revealed after the first Output spent from the funding address.

So simply by looking at the scriptSig: under Bob's INPUT (e.g. PUSHDATA(66)[xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx], and taking the redeemScript from there anyone can hash that and spend the 0.5 BTC? If so, how?

The TRXO is not based on publickey as in the case of addresses of the form 1xxxx so it's not associated with Josh's address but rather with anyone who can produce a hash of the redeemScript.

This below explains a lot in previous chapters but the practical side of the article is still in draft.

https://github.com/ChristopherA/Learning-Bitcoin-from-the-Command-Line/blob/master/08_5_Spending_a_P2SH_Transaction.md

The [draft] side is what I want to understand. I think this is very important because many addresses are P2SH these days. Most are multisig, yes, very secure. But if it's not multisig, isn't it a vulnerability to access the redeemScript just by looking at a previous TRX INPUT?

I use Node JS and can access libs, on Windows + Bitcoin core.I want to test these on testnet and maybe with a small amount on Livenet.

Thanks!


texts: I'm playing with bcoin cli and created lots of wallets. Is there any way to remove wallet via WalletDB Api?


texts:
Should the Policy to Miniscript compiler(s) be considered as deterministic and is this the end goal?
This question was asked by Jeremy Rubin on ##miniscript on IRC and has been paraphrased.
For basic explanations of Policy and Miniscript see this previously asked question.


texts: What happens if hash rate decreases rapidly?

texts:
Since difficulty is only adjusted every 2016 blocks, what would happen if hash rate was to decrease rapidly? Wouldn't this cause blocks to be created less frequently and also making the time until difficulty is adjusted even longer?

Here's a scenario I had in mind, please point out any errors in it:

Some event causes people to lose faith in Bitcoin.
Those people sell off a lot of Bitcoins, causing the value of a Bitcoin (compared to e.g. a dollar) to drop a lot
Miners (who pay their electricity bill in dollars) find that mining is no longer profitable and a lot of them quit (until it is once again profitable)
The time between blocks has now increased (let's say to 15-20 minutes) since difficulty has not yet been adjusted.
People experience that the Bitcoin network is slow, it takes a lot of time to get transactions confirmed, and starts to lose faith in Bitcoin. Go to (1).

So, could this cause a downward spiral of the faith in Bitcoin?


texts: Why are some BIP numbers missing from BIPs list?

texts:
If I understood correctly https://github.com/bitcoin/bips contains a list of change proposals that have been accepted as BIPs by the BIP editor?
Why are some of the numbers missing, for example 0155.mediawiki to 0158.mediawiki?


texts: Is it possible to attach a public note to transaction using Electrum client, if yes so how ?


texts: How can I get the input addresses of a transaction in Java?

texts: I am trying to obtain the addresses of entry of a transaction when I receive money, but I have not found the way. I have tried to create an address with the bytes obtained by calling TransactionInput.getScriptSig().getPubKey(), but I've only obtained a ScriptException. If I call TransactionInput.getFromAddress() (deprecated) the code is frozen. I don't want to have to make a call to the API of block explorer, it is too cumbersome. Is there any way of doing this? As it parses the transaction blockhain.info to get that kind of information?


texts: If a single private key of the HD bitcoin account is compromised, is the whole HD account compromised?

texts:
The subject pretty much asks it all. I asked the same question on the Mycelium web site but did not get an answer. An HD account can have multiple private keys. Suppose one of the previous private keys gets compromised (falls into hands of a hacker) and this private key has no bitcoins assigned to it. Would the hacker be able to re-create subsequent private keys based on this single one private key?

The question applies to Mycelium and all other HD accounts. Also, is there a standardized way how private keys are created or each wallet does it on its own?

This question is important to me since we see more and more bitcoin forks. To claim newly forked bitcoins I would need to import private key(s) into another wallet. Assuming the new wallet may be used to harvest my private keys and to spend bitcoins, I would like to move my bitcoins from my HD account from private_key1->public_key1->address1 to private_key2->public_key2->address2. If I now import private_key1 into a hacked wallet, the hacker cannot spend my bitcoins directly. But should I worry that he will be able to re-create private_key2 and therefore still be able to spend my bitcoins?


texts: How to most efficiently keep in sync blockchain on offline computer (including through bitcoin-qt upgrades)?

texts:
I have bitcoin-qt running on online computer. I want to:

copy blockchain to offline computer (preferably using WORM media for security reasons)
from time to time update offline copy with newest blocks with smallest effort. Smallest effort means - among others - that I don't want to re-record whole blockchain from online computer to media every time and would prefer incremental copy instead.

The main obstacle that I encountered until now was that - sometimes - when I updated bitcoin-qt on online computer, the 'blocks' directory was wiped out. Then whole blockchain has been re-downloaded, preventing me from copying new blocks incrementally (because for some reason new blk*.dat files had different size/content then previous).


texts: The Ethereum gas limit seems prohibitively low. Will it ever be raised? If so, when and how?

texts: I'm having trouble publishing contracts and executing transactions due to the low gas limit (3.14 million gas ~0.15 ETH). How and when will the gas limit rise?


texts: Can a brainwallet passphrase be derived if an attacker has obtained the private keys of an empty wallet.dat file?

texts:
Someone robbed me at gunpoint and took my laptop. The laptop contained an encrypted hardrive with a wallet.dat file. Both the hardrive and wallet.dat had at best weak passphrases for the encryption. I have assumed both to be compromised.

My question has to do with the one-way permutation hash function of ripemd-160 to generate both the private and public keys used in brain wallet generators.

[I am assuming that wallet generators are using one way permutations. I could be wrong. If I am then please inform me. Most wallet generators use the brainwallet.py available on github.]

If an attacker has obtained your private key can he "reverse engineer" the key to obtain the original brain wallet passphrase used when the wallet was generated?

If so I assume he can use that to bruteforce any other wallet that would use the same passphrase as a seed as mentioned in this post here:

https://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/10246/question-regarding-multiple-sha-256-rounds-on-a-bitcoin-brain-wallet-passphrase


texts: What bitcoin wallets support bip32 extended public key export?

texts:
I'm looking for a bitcoin wallet, that can export an extended public key. I want to put that key on a server, generate a chain of addresses and receive bitcoins, and be sure, that my bitcoins are safe on the server.

Currently I know, that only Electrum can export extended public keys. Could someone suggest other wallets, that are capable of doing this?


texts: How do I use my Bitcoin-Qt wallet address on Blockchain.info?

texts:
My Bitcoin-Qt client is still synchronizing with the network. I'm unsure of how to use my Bitcoin-Qt wallet address on Blockchain.info. I've put my address on Blockchain.info as (watch only), but how do I get full access to my wallet on Blockchain.info?

I do have a passphrase and the wallet is locked. Does Bitcoin-Qt need to be fully synchronized with the network for me to be able to access my wallet?


texts: Setting up a multi-signature Bitcoin address with Mycelium

texts:
I currently have a shared account with my dad with just a cloned copy of the private key and I would like to setup a multi-signature account with him. I'm trying to do this with Mycelium, but I can't seem to figure out how to do it.

My main goal is to be alerted if he spends from the account and I would have to approve of it first and vice versa. When he spends from the account does my wallet get alerted? How does it work on a mobile app?


texts:
I am trying to understand the raw blocks better:

vin_sz and vout_sz are some of the unknowns. does this values (sz=size?) have something to do with a number of confirmations?

example:
https://blockexplorer.com/rawblock/00000000000008d11f13eed2e13f2765eceaf00de36e0ec040a10cc3738bdc74


texts: Can I use Armory without having the Blockchain in my laptop?

texts:
I just started (to try) to use Bitcoin and the first issue I face is that I need to download the 100+ GB blockchain in order to use any of the wallets, such as Armory. This can take a very long time due to my internet speed.

I successfully installed bitcoin and bitcoin-qt in my laptop, as well as Armory, but now I have to download the blockchain in order to be able to make any transaction.

So I wonder, Is there any possibility to use Bitcoin (and have a wallet, client, such as Armory) for buying and selling bitcoins without having the entire blockchain downloaded in my laptop ?

PS: I'm new to this, so any help is greatly appreciated!


texts: Is there an easy way to purchase Bitcoins?

texts: I decided to check out bitcoin 3 weeks ago. And I have yet to buy my first bitcoin. It took a week to get a Dwolla account. Now when I go to MtGox to buy I find I need to go through even more hoops. I am starting to think that Bitcoin is just some kind of myth. A great idea but if you can not get the they are useless.


texts: What prevents one from replaying a BCC transaction by nulling the SIGHASH_FORKID bit?

texts:
BCC transactions are "replay-protected" by the SIGHASH_FORKID 0x40.
However why can't I take one such transaction, flip off the 0x40 bit and here's a valid transaction on the BTC chain?

I guess that bit enters into the signature somewhere, but where?


texts: how to configure bitcoin-core (bitcoin-qt) to not use change addresses?

texts:
Can bitcoin-core wallet be configured to not use change addresses, but just one address?

If yes, how? Thanks

(PS: I know most people will try to convince me that this is not a good thing, but I have perfect valid reasons. I know the privacy implications of this, ok? :)


texts:
Every time I launch BFG Miner I have to add the devices by entering the com port it is on. Is there anyway to do this automatically?

Here is my start script:

bfgminer -o stratum.bitcoin.cz:3333 -u Bgordy2014.RaspberryPi -p PW -G

I was thinking along the lines of -D erupter:\.\COM3

D equaling devices


texts: Is it safe to authorize Coinbase to withdraw cash directly from my bank account?

texts:
I wanted to buy Bitcoin. Coinbase said that they could transfer money directly from my U.S. bank account and convert it to Bitcoin, and then I'd have a Bitcoin address and could give people Bitcoin or pay with it for things. I went ahead and signed up and requested a transfer of $100.

Here's why I am worried: Coinbase asked me to provide my credentials to my online banking while I was on the Coinbase website, both my username and my password. I thought that should have happened on my bank's website with SSL connection, not through Coinbase. I went ahead and did it but now I'm worried. Coinbase said that the transaction wouldn't go through until January 6, 2016 because of ACH and the holidays, which is fine. I'm just worried because I have several paychecks worth of money in that bank account.

(I did not access Coinbase from Android or any other mobile device. I used my desktop PC with Google Chrome web browser.)


texts: What block space savings would we get for coinjoins (and payjoins) if we had cross input signature aggregation?

texts:
What block space savings (specific numbers in weight units or vbytes) would we achieve for coinjoins (and payjoins) if we had cross input signature aggregation (post a speculative future soft fork that enabled it)?
This question was asked by Mario Gibney on Twitter and has been paraphrased.


texts:
I`m using a bcoin (version=v1.0.0-beta.14) and I´m trying to get information about zero confirmations of a address imported into my wallet. All I get are informations about transaction with at least 1 confirmation.

Currently I´m using testnet. Are there any differences to livenet?

My command is a rpc call with the following request body:

{"method":"listreceivedbyaddress", "params":["0"] }

As result I get 3 trx with the first having 2 confirmation, the second 2 confirmation and the third 9 confirmation

If I change "params" from 0 to 4 i only get one trx in result, which is what I do expect.

While I´m performing an additional trx I and changeing the "params" to 0 I only get any infomraiton as soon as the trx get´s it´s first confirmation.

Am I doing anything wrong? Is there no way to get informed of zero confirmations?

Any help would be greatly appreciated!


texts: Correlating BTC price changes with recent use in commerce

texts:
Is any data available on the amount of bitcoin used in actual commerce, as opposed to investing in bitcoins, during specified time periods?

(I'm wondering whether the recent increases in dollars-to-bitcoins ration are correlated with amounts used in business via things like BitPay or otherwise.)


texts: Mining bitcoin using LAN and one computer with internet access

texts: I have a cluster of 10 computers running linux connected to each other via LAN and one of them has internet connection. Is it possible to set up mining in which the computer with internet acts as the master computer and gets work done from 9 slave computers and mine bitcoin?