texts: Regarding use of bitcoin mining hardware for generating sha 256 hash, other than bitcoin mining

texts: I'm not interested in bitcoin mining , I just want to generate  sha256 hash of all possible input string of 64 characters length , can I use bitcoin mining hardware just to generate just sha256 hash for my personal use?


texts: Who are the core developers behind Ripple?

texts: Who are the core developers behind the Ripple system?


texts: What kind of node connects to your full node and doesn't share blocks with you?

texts:
When running getpeerinfo I can see that a number of connected nodes return a synced_blocks of -1.

Some of these have been connected for days, so:

Is it correct to assume that these nodes are never attempting to propagate blocks around the network?
If so, what's their purpose if they're not propagating block data around the network?

You can see what I mean here: http://learnmeabitcoin.com/explorer/node/


texts: I just heard about single member blockchains like quorum and hyperledger-fabric. So what does single member mean? Is this some kind of restriction or what?


texts:
I'd like to move some bitcoin off an exchange and into a paper wallet for long term storage, but looking for ways to backup the keys in case of theft/fire/stupidity.

My thought was to (on a new offline machine) create the wallets and put the keys in a text file, as well as print. Encrypt the text file with GPG and record the passphrase in my password manager and on the paper wallets themselves.

Is it reasonably secure to then copy and store that encrypted file on USB, Dropbox, email etc?


texts: Relation between Network Hash-Rate & bitcoin value?

texts: how is the relation betweeen network hash rate to healthyness of bitcoin, such as bitcoin value compared to USD, or the growth rate of this currency?


texts: Where can I get testnet Bitcoins in the year 2017-March?

texts: I doing some development and want to test out some stuff on testnet. Where can I get testnet coins in bitcoin? Last I read I might be able to mine with the Bitcoin core software? Or is that not worth it anymore? What are some places to get testnet coins in 2017-March?


texts: How to generate a public key from a private key using Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm

texts:
I'm trying to understand the graphical basis that underlies the discreet logarithmic Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) introduced in Chapter 4 of "Mastering Bitcoin" by Andreas Antonopolous: https://github.com/aantonop/bitcoinbook/blob/develop/ch04.asciidoc

Andreas says a point in an elliptic curves can be added to itself by drawing a tangent, finding the intersection, then reflecting the new point on the x-axis. This makes no sense to me, but for now I'll just blindly believe. Then K = k * G, where k is the private key, G is a constant "Generator Point" and K is the public key.

Then he shows the attached figure which graphically shows how to get from G to 8G.

Is "8" the private key in this example?
Given K and G, it doesn't seem like this function would be irreversible. Am I missing something or does it only become irreversible in the discrete logarithmic equivalent.


texts: Clarification on execution of complex script with OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY

texts:
I'm quoting this example of BIP65

BIP 65 has this bitcoin script code

 IF
    <now + 3 months> CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY DROP
    <Lenny's pubkey> CHECKSIGVERIFY
    1
 ELSE
    2
 ENDIF
 <Alice's pubkey> <Bob's pubkey> 2 CHECKMULTISIG

And with this bitcoin scriptSig is possible unlock the transaction

Now with this ScriptSig 0 <Alice's signature> <Bob's signature> 0
after 3 months with this ScirpSig 0 <Alice/Bob's signature> <Lenny's signature> 1

But I don't understand this part of If-then-else

ELSE
    2

When is it executed and what I don't understand inside the if-then-else condition?


texts: I sent bitcoin address to user and he sent payment, I haven't recieved payment after 24hours?

texts:
I sent bitcoin address to the user and he sent payment, I haven't received payment after 24hours ?

My transactions have been confirmed 120+ times. Here is a link to my transaction:

https://blockchair.com/bitcoin/transaction/36d073503d15b22d3877ded86798e50d819ea4f01307cd155806006bab8c7065#i=0

https://explorer.bitcoin.com/btc/tx/36d073503d15b22d3877ded86798e50d819ea4f01307cd155806006bab8c7065

I would like to know if there's a way to recover it back, or at least explain to me why this has happened and how to prevent it later on.


texts:
How to install and Launch Bitcoin Cash daemon on machine?

I have already synchronized full BitCoin node, Here is the link bitcoin.org from here i learn how to setup BTC node

I also want to run BitcoinCash node but i do't have any idea about BCH node


texts: Send coins with Electrum from encrypted wallet created with Bitcoin Core

texts:
I am totally new to bitcoin. I have google'd this a lot now. I created a wallet with Bitcoin Core GUI and encrypted it (settings -> encrypt wallet...). Then I took a receiving address from the wallet (file -> receiving addresses...) and sent some bitcoins to that address from an exchange (bitstamp). I confirmed with https://blockchain.info/ that the bitcoins have arrived to that address.

Now I want to spend the coins. I can't use Bitcoin Core because I don't have the resources to download the entire blockchain, so I want to use Electrum for sending coins.

How do I import an encrypted wallet.dat created with Bitcoin Core to Electrum and send coins? If I try to open the wallet.dat with Electrum then I get Error cannote read wallet file


texts: Why do prices of different cryptocurrencies on exchanges often go up/down in synchrony?

texts:
This might be a dumb question, but it's been puzzling me for a while. I have noticed that oftentimes, prices for various cryptocurrencies go up/down almost simultaneously.

I do understand that certain news can affect the crypto market as a whole, and hence should affect the prices of all currencies simulatenously. But oftentimes, there is no apparent reason for drops, yet currencies still drop/rise almost in perfect sync. Intiutively, I'd expect some push-pull mechanism, where, for example, bitcoin drops first, leading to general uncertaintly and subsequent drops in altcoins. But this is rarely what I've observed.

Does someone have an explanation for this? Or is my observation incorrect?

Thanks for the help,
T


texts: Cash reward for help retrieving my 0.5 bitcoin

texts: Mainly due to utter curiosity I purchased 0.5 bitcoin in 2013 and I have a piece of paper with 3 different passwords on. however, I've recently opened the wallet I had the coin in, but nothing shows up! Neither does it ask me for a password?  I've searched around for knowledgeable individuals who can guide me - in very layman terms - as to what process I need to go through in attempting to retrieve this 1/2 coin. As I'm very much in need of getting rid of the 1/2 coin I shall be more than happy to financially reward any person who can successfully retrieve it.


texts:
from here at little time, i'll get a ANT MINER to start mining bitcoins, and i want to know if i have some chance to get some coins with him.

Brand: ANT MINER

Model: BTC_1.6Gh/s

Overclock: 2.2 Gh/s

I choose ANT MINER because is cheap and i won't take risks buying something expensive that i don't know if i'll use for long time.

Power costs isn't applied, but i just want to know if i can make any money with it, and aproximately time that i'll take.


texts: How do can I create a bitcoin wallet with a already created address and private key?

texts:
I have a bitcoin address and a private key. What wallet can I use to import the key and address I already have? Every wallet I tried only lets you create a new address or use a 12 world recovery phase to access another wallet.

What wallet will let me directly import my private key & address?


texts: How can I move BTC wallet and funds from Block.io?

texts:
Unfortunately I can't access dashboard on block.io for some unknown reason. I get the following message from block.io

  We're sorry, but something went wrong. If you are the application owner check the logs for more information.

I have private keys from block.io. I want to transfer the funds in block.io to another address.


texts: Which receiving address does my block reward go to when mining through bitcoind?

texts:
I'm wondering where goes the BTC as my bitcoin server finds a block?

Using bitcoind, I see no setting for a bitcoin address..


texts: I’m pretty well versed in Bitcoin trading but am really new to Bitcoin mining. I hear a lot of conflicting views regarding the profitability you can achieve with Bitcoin mining. I was wondering if I’m better off mining Bitcoins or to try and look into mining other crypto currencies such as Dogecoin or Litecoin.


texts: Private credit card/debit card exchanges?

texts:
I've seen sites that make use of google checkout or other forms of cards processing to convert USD from debit/credit cards to BTC.  I know that these types of sites cannot be opened up to the public because it takes one bad egg to bring the whole thing to a stop.

But what is keeping someone doing this on a small scale to only trusted individuals, friends, family, ect?
Also if one person can do that, btw such sites do already exist, then why don't we(the community) write an open source version and all run such micro-sites for our friends and families?

Most people I talk to get interested until they realize how hard it is to actually buy coins.


texts:
I know that the outputs coinbase transaction can be spent only after receiving 100 confirmations.
So is it that a miner who mined an orphan block receives the outputs of coinbase transaction but can never spend them?
In such a case the number of bitcoins in circulation would reduce overtime due to creation of orphan blocks.
If your answer is that a miner doesn't get paid for orphan block, when will a miner get the block reward , is it after 100 confirmations?
But if he gets the block reward after 100 confirmations, the coinbase transaction would have been created at the time of creation of the block itself right, so what about it?


texts: Is there a convention for how to order UTXOs in a transaction with multiple inputs?

texts: I am not sure it matters to produce a correctly formatted transaction, but I am playing around with a wallet that does not keep its own private keys, but produces the raw txs to sign and want to give the user the ability to verify the details of the raw txs with a third party or some control libraries. Assume, Bitcoin Core sets the standard, but I am unfortunately C illiterate. Thanks, Kyle


texts: (P2WSH-nestedin-P2SH) Problem in solving question 1+5=6

texts:
this is my first question at this platform.

this matter has scratched my head badly, please pay patient to read my question.

i am trying to move traditional p2sh tx into p2wsh-nestedin-p2sh tx and this is also an ANYONE_CAN_SPEND tx.

locking script

scriptpubkey(hex) = a9149a6185672bafea7a16309a9f6e2fe03927499c6e87

scriptpubkey(asm) = OP_HASH160 9a6185672bafea7a16309a9f6e2fe03927499c6e OP_EQUAL

unlocking script

scriptsig(hex) = 2200201f41c545a5c0b1c370c2e2812b3256d690fc098ae56aa21c94cd98d7c3ca5ec6

p2sh redeemscript(hex)=00201f41c545a5c0b1c370c2e2812b3256d690fc098ae56aa21c94cd98d7c3ca5ec6

so far all i mentioned above are simple traditional p2sh lock/unlock, my base serialized tx now showing.

01000000012649c299694db1b608d4463e3b0535b3b8c0d5a1e9558b4d71be3790bde1dce800000000232200201f41c545a5c0b1c370c2e2812b3256d690fc098ae56aa21c94cd98d7c3ca5ec6ffffffff01401f0000000000001976a91451d2a5e04d25ceaa86e600a6ec34bd24431c675d88ac00000000

this is correct because result generated from https://testnet.smartbit.com.au/txs/pushtx shows me "PUSH TRANSACTION ERROR: 64: NON-MANDATORY-SCRIPT-VERIFY-FLAG (WITNESS PROGRAM WAS PASSED AN EMPTY WITNESS)"

so what i gonna do next is to solve witness data.

Witness Data:

P2WSH-RedeemScript(hex) = 55935687

P2WSH-RedeemScript(asm) = OP_5 OP_ADD OP_6 OP_EQUAL

witness items(hex) = 51

witness items(asm) = OP_1

so now the serialized tx looks like this and the bolded part is my new changes compared to previous one.

010000000001012649c299694db1b608d4463e3b0535b3b8c0d5a1e9558b4d71be3790bde1dce800000000232200201f41c545a5c0b1c370c2e2812b3256d690fc098ae56aa21c94cd98d7c3ca5ec6ffffffff01401f0000000000001976a91451d2a5e04d25ceaa86e600a6ec34bd24431c675d88ac020151045593568700000000

when i submit this tx, error told me "PUSH TRANSACTION ERROR: 64: NON-MANDATORY-SCRIPT-VERIFY-FLAG (SCRIPT EVALUATED WITHOUT ERROR BUT FINISHED WITH A FALSE/EMPTY TOP STACK ELEMENT)"

i try hard to solve the puzzle and magically i success when i change script to

010000000001012649c299694db1b608d4463e3b0535b3b8c0d5a1e9558b4d71be3790bde1dce800000000232200201f41c545a5c0b1c370c2e2812b3256d690fc098ae56aa21c94cd98d7c3ca5ec6ffffffff01401f0000000000001976a91451d2a5e04d25ceaa86e600a6ec34bd24431c675d88ac020101045593568700000000

so my latest submitted tx show over here https://testnet.smartbit.com.au/tx/e627feb66ed572b97ef393f20be0e76edb8dfe34fd98a9c606f62af04496341d

raw tx show over here https://api.blockcypher.com/v1/btc/test3/txs/e627feb66ed572b97ef393f20be0e76edb8dfe34fd98a9c606f62af04496341d?limit=50&includeHex=true

i dun understand how come change of this can solve my math puzzle. :(


texts: how i can cancel a transaction in blockchain,info?

texts:
I have two transaction of bitcoin that i sent about 12 hours ago now i want to cancel it or to confirm it how can i do it?

because the other part that i have sent my other bitcoins does not pay my money

2c4d2b4cae5613ff2fbab071a4804b25ac32ba0c65cf30a506c9b691a7ccdf63

e5ea6688bec80f31e431643580c1f5f13cdf52ddafd5ed6ee6ca483fee8c133e


texts:
I hope this is the right place to ask a question on how does block-chain help this theoretical requirement. I have also asked this question on SO; so far, no response. And, Ethereum SE is still in Area 51 at the time of writing this.

If cross-posting is a violation of forum protocol, please let me know. I will delete from the other site and leave this as is.

Here goes ...

I am trying to understand Smart Contracts through an anti-virus service idea. I hope, it matches the idea as expected of Smart Contract and Blockchain 2.0.

Problem

Suppose, I have received a 25 MB file from some one through some media. I would like to have it scanned for virus before I actually open it for use. How can I be sure that it is not infected?

Traditional Solution

Perhaps there is a cloud based service provided for virus scan - Virus Scanning as a Service (VSaaS). This provider has subscription plans based on file type, volume and frequency of scans. I could approach this provider to scan my file and receive a binary response as TRUE (clean) or FALSE (infected). But, I have no choice but to trust two things of the provider:

Did the provider scan at all? Or, more generally, was 'work' done at all? Maybe, there is a tiny script to return TRUE and FALSE with 50% probability regardless of how many and what type of files are sent.
Was the provider's scan conclusive? Maybe, the provider does not have all of the virus signatures to scan successfully. So, the provider may respond with TRUE (clean) whereas, it is actually infected with the latest strain of a virus.

Smart Contract

Can a distributed application (or, Smart Contract) resolve this problem? I know that the underlying blockchain provides a publicly available ledger that can verify:

If I have sufficient coins (say, BTC) to cover the scan service
request.
If a scan request (the transaction in this case) was made, to whom, when, etc.

What I want to know is, the mechanism to confirm that a virus scan did actually happen in its entirety? Should multiple 'full nodes' do a virus scan of the same file? If so, am I now not spreading my ambiguity across multiple full nodes - in effect, different cloud providers in a conventional way?

How would an Ethereum platform address this requirement?


texts: Avoiding Bitcoin malleable bug with implementation

texts:
I'm currently working on some Bitcoin code and whilst I'm hoping I've covered my bases, I wanted to check the implementation theory.

If I understand the malleable bug it's basically...
You create a transaction address for the transaction to take place on.  At this point a transaction id is created (txid)

The txid is changed before the transaction is complete on the network, creating a second txid, that the transaction will eventually be completed/confirmed/verified on.

So if that is correct (please correct me if I'm wrong)...

A script/program transferring coins to somebody should work something like this:

A transaction address is created and given to the payee to transfer the requested balance to.
That transaction address is checked periodically for number of confirmations.  When the transaction address receives 6 or more confirmations it can be considered as completed.

Is there a better/quicker/securer way ?

Thanks


texts: How does a game like Satoshi Dice avoid de-anonymizing users?

texts:
When considering games like satoshi dice or many other more typical online casino games, how do they handle awarding prizes? It seems like they pay back to the original input that sourced capital to them yet I have heard that addresses should never be reused for receiving payments.
My Question then is two fold:

Do gambling services that pay back to inputs that have paid them create a de-anonymization risk for the network?

If there are multiple inputs how do these gambling services decide WHICH of those inputs to pay back to? Is there a "Safer way"/"Preferred way" to select such an input?


texts:
As I could understand, we can recover the R and the S values from any transaction following the ScriptSig where we have DER serialization.

Segwit transactions, where the signature will be in the witness section, recovering R and S follow the same steps?
If I use the compressed public key (starting with 0x02 or 0x03) how can I verify the signature, since I don't have the Y coordinate of the public key?
For multi-sig transactions using P2SH as I understand we need to sign with the first key, then get the output transaction with the first signature and sign it with the other key, but using the signature math we use the hash of the message which is the txId, but on segwit the txid will not change after signing since the witness is not counting as part of the hash for txid?

Any other thing that I should look when signing a transaction?


texts: Api to automatically check the status of a BTC transaction

texts:
My team is working for a community of members who make donations in BTC to support a cause from time to time. The donations the details are stored in a database and displayed on their personal profiles.

I am currently looking out for an api that will give me an information about the status of a particular transaction. i.e. whether or not the transaction is confirmed.


texts:
I was wondering if it possible for a bitcoin script check part of the output of the transaction.
Lets say, I want to check that the transaction is splited equaly between 3 outputs, I dont care which.


texts: How to generate mycelium addresses from the 12 words in python

texts:
I am trying to re-generate the receiving addresses (and change addresses, for that matter) my mycelium wallet has generated.

So far I've used trezor's implementation of BIP39 to generate the entropy from the 12 words, and a BIP32 implementation I have used previously (successfully, to generate the same addresses as bitcoin core, which uses a different subkeys scheme but from a tpub, not from entropy), to produce the keys from the entropy.

Here's the code:

from bip32utils import BIP32Key
from bip32utils import BIP32_HARDEN
import bip39

wallet_generator = bip39.Mnemonic('english')
entropy = wallet_generator.to_entropy('12 words here')
key = BIP32Key.fromEntropy(entropy)
account_number = 0
i = 0
print key.ChildKey(44 + BIP32_HARDEN) \
         .ChildKey(0 + BIP32_HARDEN) \
         .ChildKey(account_number + BIP32_HARDEN) \
         .ChildKey(0) \
         .ChildKey(i) \
         .Address()

I am trying to follow BIP44's scheme as described here.

I am getting a key, but not the one that appear in my first mycelium transaction. I've tried to search the first 100 i with account_number 0 to 9, to no avail. Using bip32gen from the command line does not produce the correct key either:

echo YOUR_ENTROPY_IN_HEX_HERE | \
    bip32gen -v \
    -i entropy -f - -x \
    -o addr -F - -X \
    m/44h/0h/0h/0/0

With entropy converted to hex with print ''.join('{:02X}'.format(x) for x in entropy)

What am I missing? Is the entropy with BIP39 part wrong? Is that BIP32 library yielding erroneous addresses? What alternatives are there?

UPDATE:

Thanks to this site, I've seen that the xprv generated from the 12 words is incorrect. So either the bip39 is faulty, or the way I'm using it is.


texts:
I was wondering if there is any in depth (with formal theorems) analysis of the security of the Bitcoin system.

The analysis in the original paper by Nakamoto is quite empirical and not that formal. I would love to see a detailed statement of what the actual assumptions for Bitcoin security are and what these assumptions imply about the security related to the "corruption" of the block chain and double spending problems.

I can deduce the respective theorems from Nakamoto's security analysis but I am not an expert in this area and there could be some hidden assumptions/implications I could overlook.

So I am wondering if someone else already tried to do a formal and detailed analysis of the  security aspects of Bitcoin perhaps in the same manner as some textbook treat other cryptographic applications?


texts:
What percentage of nodes currently support segwit?

It seems Bitnodes could figure this out, but I can't find such a stat on its website.


texts:
How does Bitcoin work when someone opens a wallet and gets a private key? Who stores that data? How could you access it if your forgot it?

Also, how is it verified when someone exchanges bitcoin and dollars? Because the owner of those bitcoins has to change but there is obviously no proof in the system he has done that transaction...


texts: What are the proposed solution for SPV scaling?

texts:
Apart from Client Side filtering, are there any other solutions regarding how to scale light clients?

Maybe having centralised services hold the UTXO list, the problem would then be how to anonymise your requests to that the centralised server cannot know your IP for example.


texts: How to buy and sell on the 15 minute time frame

texts:
Hallo I wanna write my first trading bot on python.
The bot should buy and sell on the 15 minutes time frame,
when the rsi is undersold or oversold.
How i can tell my bot to focus on the 15 minute timeframe ?

My code look like this

import talib as ta
date = []
price = []
volume = []
pair = eth_usd

while True:
    tikcer = bteapi.getTicker(pair,conn)
    date =  ticker('server_time')
    price =  ticker('last')
    volume =  ticker('vol')
    price = np.array(price)

    if len(price) > 13
       EMAPrices = ta.EMA(price, 14)
       rsi = ta.RSI(EMAPrices, 55)


texts: Unconfirmed incoming transaction for a long time

texts:
I received BC from currency exchange provider. Is unconfirmed for a pretty long time. Is this standard waiting time or maybe sender did not provide enough fee? I didn't have any choice what fee he payed and I think it is not possible to pay it after the transaction...
Thanks for the input.

https://blockchain.info/address/19oaganA4BN4khDn1kno6mctxLKSmFadk4


texts: What are the benifits of using Compressed Bitcoin Addresses rather than Uncompressed addresses if same length?

texts: They are both in base58, both 34 characters long, so where exactly is the space saved? When converted to binary is there one less bit on the compressed key as opposed to the uncompressed one? (This is concering legacy addresses as I do not believe SegWit has uncompressed keys that work)


texts: Create BitCoin address for each registered user

texts:
I am working on a PokerGame where I need to implement BitCoins. For each registered user, I need a unique bitcoin address generated, toward which they can make payments and I make them show it when they access their game account. How can implement this? I am using Java.

Thanks


texts:
My question is about Bitcoin payment gateways and we can add their gateways to my site Like those sites (bitpay.com,https://gourl.io/), I want to create a bitcoin payment gateway in C#
my question :
If two users paid from their wallet at the same time and at the same price (Bitcoin wallet address) but one of those payments was confirmed, how can I find out which transaction is for which user?
I can see the payments that came to my wallet with this code, but how do I know which user has made which payment?
QBitNinjaClient client = new QBitNinjaClient(_network);
        var _walletAddress = BitcoinAddress.Create(walletAddress, _network);
        var balance = client.GetBalance(_walletAddress, true).Result;

        foreach (var operation in balance.Operations)
        {

                if (operation.Confirmations > 0)

                    {
                       //do
                    }
            }
        }


texts:
I have been facing this issue for a while using Ripple JSON RPC, am actually working on a PoC for cross border transaction, as part of my use cases, I need to send transaction in NGN and be received in USD/EUR.

I have read your David Schwartz response here https://forum.ripple.com/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=15980 and here https://forum.ripple.com/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=8079 but still having issues with the transaction

Here is my request

{
    "method": "submit",
    "params": [
        {
            "offline": false,
            "secret": "sssssssssssssssssssssss",
            "tx_json": {
                "SendMax" : { "currency" : "USD",
                 "value" : "200",
                 "issuer" : "rU3BENzHa5SeB2HnwzovG5wdk7v8ChxXrc"
                },
                "Account": "rU3BENzHa5SeB2HnwzovG5wdk7v8ChxXrc",
                "Amount":{
                  "value": "100",
                  "issuer": "rK6qNr9HV62gJPRvKGNen1qHi2LYyHSDvj",
                  "currency": "NGN"
                },
                "Destination": "rK6qNr9HV62gJPRvKGNen1qHi2LYyHSDvj",
                "TransactionType": "Payment"
            },
            "fee_mult_max": 10000
        }
    ]
}

and I got this as my response

{
  "result": {
    "engine_result": "tecPATH_PARTIAL",
    "engine_result_code": 101,
    "engine_result_message": "Path could not send full amount.",
    "status": "success",
    "tx_blob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
    "tx_json": {
      "Account": "rU3BENzHa5SeB2HnwzovG5wdk7v8ChxXrc",
      "Amount": {
        "currency": "NGN",
        "issuer": "rK6qNr9HV62gJPRvKGNen1qHi2LYyHSDvj",
        "value": "100"
      },
      "Destination": "rK6qNr9HV62gJPRvKGNen1qHi2LYyHSDvj",
      "Fee": "10",
      "Flags": 2147483648,
      "SendMax": {
        "currency": "USD",
        "issuer": "rU3BENzHa5SeB2HnwzovG5wdk7v8ChxXrc",
        "value": "200"
      },
      "Sequence": 86,
      "SigningPubKey": "031810282977B92281325F0AC5DAF4AB7EDB3FBBE5404A38D657E327B1A46B7897",
      "TransactionType": "Payment",
      "TxnSignature": "30450221008269F1C23E2C719A73F7F41D484C0577C1EBF496D8BD6009AA975A852C627E7202207FBD5CBA3EF5F5BE7696FAF5C45F2E22BDCEA7FD48BA99D75897BF58C474BD0D",
      "hash": "A658DE84ABFED32E0E52FBF02E60FBC81E32C5E6186427C33AEBD938188FE4BB"
    }
  }
}

I understand that tecPATH_PARTIAL means that the transaction failed because the provided paths did not have enough liquidity to send the full amount.

But I did not specify the path bcos I understand it's best when ripple choose the path.

I will appreciate any help in right direction

https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/users/85/david-schwartz


texts: Creating a new electrum 3 wallet file with an imported segwit private key

texts:
I have a segwit private key that I generated from another app. How can I create a new electrum wallet file with just this private key in there?

I tried creating a new electrum 3 wallet with this command: electrum create --segwit

Then I tried to do an importpirvkey but it says that type of wallet doesnt support importing of addresses. How can I import my bc1 address into electrum as my only address?


texts: How do I create a wallet with a 24-word phrase?

texts: How do I create a wallet with a 24-word phrase instead of a 12-word phrase? I have used a couple software wallets such as Coinbase wallet and Exodus wallet which associate the wallet with a 12-word phrase. Basically, what software wallet can I use that is associated with a 24-word phrase?


texts: How to access a wallet in bitcoin core using raw key export from edge wallet?

texts:
I have a wallet in the Edge Wallet app. When I view "Raw Keys", I see this json:
{
"format": "bip49 ",
"bitcoinKey": <seed phrase>,
"coinType": 0,
"dataKey": <dataKey gobbledygook>,
"syncKey": <syncKey gobbledygook>
}

How do I use this information to access/reconstruct this wallet in bitcoin core?
A set of exact steps to follow would be nice.


texts: off-chain payment channels: Do we need to trust "Payment Service Providers"?

texts:
A paper entitled: "Privacy in Bitcoin Transactions: New Challenges from Blockchain Scalability Solutions" has tried to investigate privacy issues of the Bitcoin influenced by the solutions for scalability of transaction throughput such that off-chain payment channels.

In this paper, we read:

  "Mixing services as described so far can be applied to standard
  bitcoin addresses and transactions but when off-chain payment
  channels are used, such mixing techniques cannot be applied in the
  same form. In off-chain payments, on one hand, users may be more
  restricted on the number of payment channels that they create (due to
  fee costs) but on the other hand, payments are processed with multiple
  hops through different Payment Service Providers, and such
  hops could remain secret since they take place in the off-chain payment network and there is no need to store them. So
  the natural idea to detach the link between source and
  destination in this scenario is to perform payments through secret
  multiple hop routes."

Of course, there is no need to store the intermediary hopes between source and destination. However,

(1) What happens if those Payment Service Providers decide to reveal the information of the payment ? (if they are able to do ?)

(2) How to perform payments through secret multiple hop routes ? Does it mean that we need to trust the intermediary hopes to keep them secret ?


texts: How should one try verifying to whom a given Bitcoin address belongs?

texts:
Lets say, I'd have a website that shows a large number of Bitcoin public addresses, and wanted to give option for anyone that owns a given address to verify it automatically.

Assuming that one shouldn't trust anyone on the internet based just on their word, how should one go about verifying that a person owns a given address? (methods that can run autonomously, without admin input, are preferred)


texts: Repeated error synchronizing Bitcoin client

texts:
I've tried unsuccessfully 2 times to download the application from this site https://www.weusecoins.com/en/getting-started. Last failure stopped at around 16,000 blocks. I am trying to get setup with a wallet and begin buying BTC's. I do not want to use an online wallet service.

The only other applications that I had open during the download was Firefox and I use AVG Free Antivirus, but do not know how to disable it. I have restarted the OS.

What to do?

Thank you very much in advance.


texts:
I have old (pre-random-number-bug) addresses in my android bitcoin wallet app, with 0 balance. After patch I am using a new address (with balance) and still keeping my old address in my wallet. Should I delete my old addresses from my android app?

Let's say some one cracked my old key, and imported it into his wallet. In this case, is it anyway possible for him to do a sweep transaction? I remember, something like this happened with blockchain.info / mywallet app but I am not very sure.

https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Sweepprivkey_proposal


texts: How can I explain the meaning of Bitcoin to my grandma?

texts:
I wrote a book about Bitcoin, and my proud grandma wanted to have a copy. So she got it, said "What a beautiful picture on the cover!" and - "What is this, Bitcoin?".

She doesn't know crypto-currencies, never used a computer. But she uses a PayPal account from her iPhone. How can I explain what makes Bitcoin special to a non-technical person? I don't mean introducing in using, and the existing question "What is Bitcoin?" with its answers is still much too technical.

Such challenges are not rare. I need to explain to my boss why I request some days off to go to a Bitcoin conference, and soon my daughter will want to know why daddy is so excited about his mining rig. My girlfriend needs to understand why I spend so much time researching Bitcoin.

Does anyone know eye-opening words? Perhaps an analogy or a metaphor would help? So grandma, girlfriend, daughter, boss - all may roughly understand and say "Ah, such a thing? Useful indeed!"


texts: My balance in Electrum shows "pending." What does pending mean?


texts:
When bitcoin forks, does anyone know how many blocks ahead one chain gets before the miners on the shorter chain concede?

I am doing a research project on modeling Bitcoin, and I am wondering how realistic it is for miners to abandon their chain as soon as they receive a chain that is one longer than the one they have.

I imagine that as chains get longer (and more money/computational work is at stake) miners are more likely to try to catch up from a 'deficit' of one block.

There is also the fact that a miner with sufficient hashing power (40+ percent) has a reasonable chance of catching up from being behind.

Any thoughts on this stuff?


texts: Failed CHECK(MULTI)SIG operation - BIP143 hash pre-image

texts:
Using Blockstream's api to broadcast a raw transaction to the Bitcoin testnet, I encountered the following error:

sendrawtransaction RPC error: {"code":-26,"message":"non-mandatory-script-verify-flag (Signature must be zero for failed CHECK(MULTI)SIG operation) (code 64)"}

I've noticed that many people have ran into a similar issue before. However, all of the proposed solutions didn't fix my issue. I've looked at the Bitcoin source code on Github and determined that the data I am committing to my hash for signing is incorrect.

Below is the hash pre-image that I'm creating for bip143 p2sh(p2wpkh).

    nVersion:     01000000
    hashPrevouts: 4f3c0f6726ec7f020da2a01598d1741225ea429a34bfdd4c4af2a1c9e45a9bed
    hashSequence: 3bb13029ce7b1f559ef5e747fcac439f1455a2ec7c5f09b72290795e70665044
    outpoint:     b9d615615976600739be12a67f326836e4256d7d1c4fe50163536ad8dd7647c301000000
    scriptCode:   1976a91499f27cf1ecb8c1a4c20bdbcdc7992cdb12c9ee5d88ac
    amount:       6981680000000000
    nSequence:    ffffffff
    hashOutputs:  57dbf9cb180c89fe35000b693ea089e521097e6d3f504cfec1620325fcec0036
    nLockTime:    00000000
    nHashType:    01000000


texts: Should Satoshi decide to reveal his or her true identity, how can one know the person is the real creator of Bitcoin, rather than a person who hacked the forum login, email address or the like? In other words, what methods of authentication did Satoshi use that could clearly identify him or her?


texts: I often encounter articles where we talk about bitcoin being a fiat currency. What is a fiat money and what is it that bitcoin as to be considered a fiat money.


texts: What are the main principles and/or patterns programmers must apply to their code in order to make their programs bulletproof towards transaction malleability attacks?


texts: What is a good resource to help newbies choose their first wallet/s?

texts:
While editing the Bitcoin Newb Guide, I realized I can't find a single page that covers all major clients in a Newb-friendly manner.

bitcoin.org doesn't seem to mention web wallets such as My Wallet
The wiki page is not IMO newb-friendly ... one big table, no clear way for a newb to decide which wallets he should try out. Yes, the features are listed in the table, but a newb won't understand them.

What is the best objective resource to help newbs choose their first wallet/s?

Requirements:

Objective source (as much as possible)
Updated Frequently, preferably user editable / reflects user votes
Includes major desktop clients
Includes major web wallets / mobile wallets
Noob Friendly - just dumping all clients in a big table will scare off noobs. I want a page that, while giving out sufficient information, is well structured and will not scare noobs. The Wiki Page is a good counter example.


texts: I used Bitcoin-QT to send BTC and it never confirmed. I used the zap command and resent with maximum fees, still no luck

texts:
Hello I sent about $300 worth of BTC and it never got confirmed. I then used the --zapwallettxes=1 command to get the BTC back and resend with max amount of fees, but it still didn't confirm on the other end. I tried this several times with different addresses, but nothing has worked. I can provide any details necessary to aid this process. Any help would be greatly appreciated!

EDIT: The transaction ID is a5966f30e0b170e4d1af9b47dea6b8154022ef5917189890eef72e831e5dffab

Also Bitcoin-QT is now telling me that the transaction has 13 confirmations, however it still hasn't showed up in my other wallet. I searched for the transaction ID on blockchain.info, and see that the amount was successfully transferred to the address I intended it to. However, it then shows my BTC being transferred again to another address I didn't create. Does this mean my BTC was stolen?


texts: What is the actual Bitcoin block size? 2mb or 1mb?

texts: I am not asking about block weight. I hear many people saying that the actual Bitcon block size is 2mb. However, in any block explorer, I can see that blocks are around 1200kb. This is very confusing, where is the cap?


texts:
I'm sorry to both you with this.

Mymonero.com has been down for several days and I'd like to remove the monero from my wallet on that website.

All I have is the original phrase I set it up with years ago though.

I downloaded the monero wallet from getmonero.com but it requires a 25 word phrase, I think mine is 13 words.

So I'm confused. Did mymonero.com use its own phrase to wallet system?

Most importantly:

Is there anyway for me to recover the wallet without using MyMonero.com?

Thank you very much for your help!


texts: Do stale blocks get reported by bitcoin daemon?

texts:
Do stale blocks end up or get reported by bitcoin daemon client?
I am writing a bitcoin service and need to listen for incoming transactions for select accounts using the bitcoin client. For this I am watching the blocks as they come into the blockchain. And for periods of time the service is down, we keep track of the last block height and once the service is back online, restart traversing the blockchain from there until we catch up with the tip.

My questions are:

Does the client report stale blocks which are mined into the blockchain but not part of the main chain or are they ignored and hidden from me?
Also if the stale blocks are being reported, what would I need to to with the transactions from that block?
How do I detect if a block is stale?


texts: I just downloaded the version 0.16 and tried to generate a new address via GUI while syncing mainnet blocks. I have never activated multi-signature but it gave me an address starting with "3". As far as I know, segwit addresses currently start with "bc1q". Can someone tell me what's going on?


texts: How do I change what wallet Coinbase deposits BTC into when buying?

texts: Right now I have to buy into Coinbase and then transfer to another wallet. Can I have Coinbase just send it directly to the wallet and cut out the extra transfer?


texts: Is multisignature usable, if so what is the business process

texts:
Im interested in the application of multisignature, for example in a business context.

I see clear and simple instructions on creating a multisig address, and sending to the address seems fairly obvious.  However the process to send from multisig, seems sparsely documented and often many versions old.

Is it practical to use multisig on a Core wallet?

If so, in simple two of two scenario, what is the process of generating a transaction?

Can a third party holding neither of the private keys, propose a transaction for the two signers?

Do they all need to use the same terminal?

How does a signer know a transaction is waiting?

If there are multiple transactions proposed, how would a signer sign some but not others?

Thanks.


texts: lightning network funding transaction clearification

texts:
Im trying to understand the funding transaction for a channel on the lightning network. I am wondering how the input looks like to the funding transaction. Does it require In_{Alice}(tx_{id}, tx_{index},redeem_script) and In_{Bob}(tx_{id}, tx_{index}, redeem_script) as inputs to the transaction or do you just see the first commitment transactions (like Ca1, C1b) from the multisig and and ensure they are valid then asynchronously submit funds to the multisig address? [0] just shows the output format as the multisig.

[0] https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lightning-rfc/blob/master/03-transactions.md


texts: What went wrong transferring my BCC out of Bitcoin Wallet?

texts:
On the day of the fork, I had my BTC in Bitcoin Wallet on Android. I sent my BTC to a new wallet. I then made a backup of my old wallet, moved it to my computer, and decrypted it using openssl enc -d -aes-256-cbc -a -in as described here. The resulting file was mostly unreadable, but it had a 12-word mnemonic at the top. I entered it into a local copy of https://iancoleman.github.io/bip39/. I selected the BIP44 tab and and copied the value from "account extended private key" which began with xprv.

I installed Electron Cash on my phone and imported the key. It said the import was successful, but I'm seeing 0 BCC in my wallet. I've also followed the instructions here for checking my balance on blockdozer.info and importing my key into Coinomi, and both of those methods agree that there's no BCC associated with that address / key.

Questions:

Is there any other export process I should try, or should these definitely have worked?
Is there any possible way for a wallet that had BTC in it from Jul 28 - Aug 13 to not have had BCC associated with it?
Is there any way to look backward and find out if that wallet ever had BCC, and if so what happened to it?


texts: Is there a way to get all addresses from an Wallet?

texts:
If I was to search the blockchain for address X, then I see that it has two inputs in a transaction, X and Y.

I can safely assume that X and Y are owned by the same person?

Now if I look at all of the transactions for Y, and I see that it has a transaction with two outputs, Y and Z.

Then I can now assume that X, Y and Z are all owned by the same person, right?

If a wallet has 10 addresses, then could I not get all of those addresses using the above method?

So I essentially assume that, all inputs and outputs belong to the same person for a given address lookup.

Also, if X is both on the input and the output, then it is safe to assume that X being on the output was just used as a change address.


texts:
sorry for the n00b question, it's been awhile since I looked into this. I have a Bitcoin Core wallet on my machine with a backup of the wallet.dat. It's been ages since I opened the application, so I've upgraded it and am re-syncing it.
I also have a Blockhain.com account (originally opened when it was Blockchain.info). I remember that on Blockchain.com I could see my BTC amount. I now can't log into to Blockchain.com because my 2FA device changed and support hasn't gotten back to me for days about how to reset it. Googling suggests their support never gets back.
Since I'm not hearing back from support I'm wondering if I have lost control of my wallet funds. Did the action of creating a Blockchain.com/Blockchain.info account mean I have handed over my wallet to the company and lost this BTC?


texts: meaning of "full node" in Lightning Network?

texts:
According to this answer: (Link to answer),

  "A 'full node' refers to a fully validating node on the
  Bitcoin network, meaning the node validates each block and transaction that happens on the network.

  A 'lightning node' refers to a node on the Lightning Network,
  which is a network that exists on top of the bitcoin network."

There is a list of Lightning Network mobile wallet applications here: (Link to list) in which there is a column as "Requires own full-node ?" such that in case of some wallet applications, it is answered by "Yes".

What does this requirement mean exactly?


texts: What would happen if two public keys had the same Base58 hash?

texts:
If two different public keys had the same Base 58 hash, what would happen?

Could one key spend money in the other account?

What would happen to the monies received by the shared base58 hash?


texts: How to upgrade Bitcoin daemon in ubuntu 12.04?

texts:
I am currently having Bitcoin daemon version 0.9.0 and bitcoind getinfo shows error like "Upgrade required"

{
"version" : 90000,
...
"errors" : "URGENT: Upgrade required: see https://www.bitcoin.org/heartbleed"
}

How to upgrade Bitcoin daemon in ubuntu 12.04 and want to know daemon is sync blocks once again needed?


texts: Can a non-miner third party help other people's transactions to confirm faster?

texts:
If I recall correctly, in 2017, when the mempool was full, there were some guys bumping other people sent transactions that were stuck in the mempool.

Is that possible? How does that work?


texts: Does Dojima (trading platform) have access to my funds?

texts:
I would like to use Dojima to trade bitcoins on Bitstamp.net. However, I would like to know about security.

Does Dojima have the ability to send bitcoins to addresses, or is it only able to submit trade orders?


texts: How does a miner put his vote for certain BIP?

texts:
I understand that a miner is the only one who can vote for a certain BIP, but I'm wondering, how do they technically do that? How do they submit their vote? I found out that they  are doing it through the coinbase transaction, but I couldn't find any details on it.
Thanks!


texts: Which VPS providers are the most popular or notable for hosting bitcoind instances?

texts: A lot of people wanting to create their own service communicating with a bitcoind instance use virtual servers for hosting due to the low associated costs. Which service providers are the most popular and notable in this field?


texts: Has anyone attempted to make a working voting system using a bitcoin based system?

texts:
It occurred to me the other day that the difficult problem of electronic voting could possibly be solved quite nicely using a bitcoin system. I believe it's transparent enough to be trusted. I found a few threads discussing this already.

Has any work been done in this area yet? I think it's worth investigating.

Some threads I seen are here and here


texts: can one account have more than one address?

texts:
Bitcoin core support the methods :

getnewaddress [account]
getBalance [account] [minconf=1]

All of them are base on account concept. So I wonder that if one account can contains more than one address?

When I call the getnewaddress with the same account name many times, what does happen? The account will associate with all addresses that the method created, right?


texts: I am attempting my first Bitcoin transfer from Abra to Bittrex. I am only sending the equivalent of $10 US dollars to test it. The money did not go through as I do not have enough in my account to pay the fee which is $44!! Is this right - it costs $44 USD  in fees to send $10 USD?


texts: Converting WIF as Base58 string to byte array in bash

texts:
I want to convert wif as Base58 string to byte array.

Private key to WIF

printf 800C28FCA386C7A227600B2FE50B7CAE11EC86D3BF1FBE471BE89827E19D72AA1D507A5B8D | xxd -r -p | base58

  5HueCGU8rMjxEXxiPuD5BDku4MkFqeZyd4dZ1jvhTVqvbTLvyTJ

Now I want reverse this (WIF to private key), form 5HueCGU8rMjxEXxiPuD5BDku4MkFqeZyd4dZ1jvhTVqvbTLvyTJ to 800C28FCA386C7A227600B2FE50B7CAE11EC86D3BF1FBE471BE89827E19D72AA1D507A5B8D

Im using that library https://github.com/keis/base58 But I can change or better if I can use only bash without extra library

full example https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Wallet_import_format


texts: C secp256k1: creating bindings in another language with FFI

texts:
I am attempting to create bindings from the C library libsecp256k1 into Scheme (the guile implementation) but I am guessing my question applies to other target languages. Say I want to export the function secp256k1_context_create: this function expects an int as an argument which can be one of the macros SECP256K1_CONTEXT_VERIFY, SECP256K1_CONTEXT_SIGN or SECP256K1_CONTEXT_NONE. Now these macros are part of the C API, but as far I can tell there is no way to access their values from the shared library:

$ cd /usr/local/lib
$ nm libsecp256k1.so
... (no names relating to flag values)

So it seems I need to define my own values for the flags in the target language:

(define %context-verify 257)
(define %context-sign 513)
(define %context-none 1)

However, in doing so, I am hard-coding implementation details, which means my target language library could break despite the C API being stable (actually I am not sure whether this constitute an API change if existing object code needs to be recompiled, ABI change?). Could anyone let me know whether I have missed anything, or whether there is a better approach to this problem?


texts: Better fee estimation and fee/tx/mempool management in wallets

texts:
Right now mempool has 65 MB of transactions waiting for miners to be included in blocks. 90% of the transactions are below 10 sat/vbyte.

I am observing this trend from last few days and think it will settle once we have couple of days with less people looking to use higher fee rate for quick confirmations. It can take few days to weeks. Is there a better way for wallets to manage transactions and fees so that people realize that they are paying more than 10x fees. Its difficult to educate everyone about using different tools and websites, not easy to convince exchanges to use segwit, rbf, maybe even cpfp, batching, LN, Liquid etc. and I think we can manage mempool and fees in a better way if most of the wallets experiment with solutions to solve this problem.
How can we solve this problem?


texts: When backing up a wallet, is it required to shut down the bitcoin client?

texts:
I am building a website, and would like to backup my wallet.dat file after every transaction occurs, but I would not like to have to shut down bitcoind every time I make a backup.

The common wisdom seems to be that you should shut down your bitcoin client when making a backup, but that doesn't seem absolutely necessary as long as the wallet has been fully written to and flushed to disk.

Would locking the wallet be enough to ensure that the wallet has been written to before making a backup? Are there any other techniques that websites typically deploy for making "hot backups"?


texts:
I'm trying to connect to Bitcoin's ZeroMQ queue, having no success and don't even know where my problem is. Here is what I did so far on my Ubuntu 14.04:

Installed Bitcoin via sudo apt-get install bitcoin-qt
installed ZeroMQ via wget http://download.zeromq.org/zeromq-4.1.2.tar.gz && cd libzmq/ && ./autogen.sh && ./configure && make -j 4 && make check && make install
In my Scala application I use jeromq: libraryDependencies += "org.zeromq" % "jeromq" % "0.3.5"
In Bitcoin's bitcoin.conf I add the following line: zmqpubhashtx=tcp://127.0.0.1:28332 (i'm only interested in incoming tx id's)

After doing all that I launch Bitcoin, then I launch my Scala app with the following code:

import org.zeromq.ZMQ
val context = ZMQ.context(1)
val socket = context.socket(ZMQ.SUB) // Since server side is PUB
socket.connect("tcp://127.0.0.1:28332")

while (true) {
  logger info socket.recv.length.toString
}

And I receive no messages. Thing is I don't even know what the problem is or how to test it. Does apt-get version of Bitcoin even has ZeroMQ support? On jeromq github it is stated that it's Based on libzmq 3.2.5 while Bitcoin requires ZeroMQ API version 4.x or newer, could that be a reason? Or perhaps it's something else entirely?


texts: Setting up Bitcoin Miner in a data center

texts:
I have been running Antminer S9 in my apartment. It is too noisy, to hot, and it ruins the ambiance of my home. So I did some research and found a data center that can host my miner.

At home I access Antminer through my private IP through my router. However, in the data center I will have to get a public IP. I will have a strong password for the Antminer but I am still worried for having my ASIC publicly exposed to the world (DoS attacks etc).

I talked to a person in the data center, setting up VPN will further erode my profit margins. It is already expensive.

My questions to the community are:

Is it dangerous to set up a remote Antminer in a data center with a public IP?
What is a typical network set up when I want to host my equipment remotely?


texts: Is it possible for a valid block to be added to an invalid one, and have it accepted by another client?

texts:
This wiki page says invalid blocks aren't counted towards determining chain length and that make me want understand how invalid blocks are treated.

Can an valid block be added to an invalid one.. and have it accepted by one or more clients?

If so...

Do miners of invalid blocks receive a reward for the block? Are the Tx's valid? Are there any examples?

Suppose an invalid block is created and valid block is added to that invalid one.  Both blocks are added to the primary chain. ( assume the attacker has 25% compute and has a custom client that pushes both transactions to all peers)

Since every block has a reward, is the reward in the invalid block counted?
Are the transactions within an invalid block still considered valid?

I'm interested in tracing the transactions the occur from these "broken" blocks and to see if my hand-coded client processes the transactions correctly.


texts: How to know what kind of Multisignature address?

texts:
I have a Multisignature bitcoin for example address [3QJmV3qfvL9SuYo34YihAf3sRCW3qSinyC]

how to know what kind of it?

according to wiki https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Multisignature I have know Multisignature have below.

1-of-2
2-of-2
2-of-3
2-of-3
3-of-5
2-of-2
2-of-3
2-of-3
4-of-6
2-of-2

how to know [3QJmV3qfvL9SuYo34YihAf3sRCW3qSinyC] belongs to which type?


texts:
https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/5241/92798
What is the meaning of item 13?
Why is this value chosen? What does it mean?


texts: How do pushpool and stratum-minig-litcoin format the shares they send to the pool

texts:
I just build up a mining pool using booth pushpool for getwork and stratum-mining-litcoin for stratum

we already finds block using getwork but nothing with miners using stratum.
So I check my shares tables in the database and notice that the hash submited by pushpool and stratum was not the same

How can I be sur that the shares submitted by stratum are valid ?

I look for some documentation in the github repo of stratum-mining-litcoin but found nothing.


texts: Why is BIP32 not simply PublicKey multiplication?

texts:
I understand that:
pubkey(a + b) = pubkey(a).combine(pubkey(b))

where a and b are secret keys.  (See: https://crypto.stackexchange.com/q/83694/17505)
If, under the circumstances:

Bob wants to pay Alice, by creating transaction output whose private key only Alice will know, yet whose public key different from Alice's public key.
Alice publishes pubkey(alice_secret).
Bob creates an one-use, random secret key x_secret.
Bob publishes x_secret.

Do the following conditions hold?

Only Alice can sign messages with the secret key (alice_secret + x_secret), as no-one else knows both secret keys.
Anyone can verify such a message's signature using pubkey(alice_secret).combine(pubkey(x_secret)), as pubkey(x_secret) can be calculated from the published x_secret.

If so, why is BIP32 more complex than this?


texts: Misledgering possibility for double spending attack

texts: Imagine a malminer with two important abilities: having enough hashrate for producing blocks in a single-miner mode in reasonable amount of time and having a malconfigured miner software which doing somewhat a usual mining job, but forces some malminer's coins to be spend twice instead of processing only first transaction. What will next miner do if he will get the misledgered block with all others conditions satisfying (correct coin owner's signature, enough proof-of-bruteforse zeroes in checksum, 6 trailing blocks without double-spending, etc)? If the attack is not possible, I want to look at the code behind such a protection.


texts:
I sent some bitcoin to another adress, i paid regular fee and it already more than 28 hours that its not confirmed. Can I do anything?
Why does it need that much time to confirm?
On this page (https://bitcoinfees.earn.com/#delay) there was written like 19 hours waiting time. But nothing happened.

Here is my transaction

https://blockchain.info/tx/4c4402a5439fdfcf2cd3d9bbf0c36fbae91a3ce08504da317938eed2d1a125e1


texts: Fingerprinting Bitcoin client, from public information

texts:
Given a handful of transactions from a single individual, are there any techniques to try to infer/deduce what client the individual was using?  In other words, do any commonly used clients leave a "fingerprint" that can be used to recognize which client was used, based on the information in the public blockchain?

For instance, maybe some clients have a recognizable pattern of how they make change, or which script code they use for transactions, or have some pattern regarding which of the addresses in the output list are for change, or have some pattern in the transaction amounts or the random numbers used in the transaction?  I'm just brainstorming examples -- don't take these too seriously.

So, are there any fingerprints that are left in the blockchain that might reveal which client I'm using?  Even probabilistic attacks ("there's an 80% chance you're using client C") are relevant.


texts:
The biggest weakness of bitcoin is also it's biggest strength, ie, relying heavily on the online block-chain to confirm any transactions. The word Online is a very interesting word. For an individual, being online mean the power to access the world, but for your hard-earned money, constantly being online is more a liability than an asset. For starter, you can't spend your money while not being online, even if you are a millionaire. So it's a simple question. Why doesn't the block-chain have an offline functionality? Instead of getting confirmation by strangers around the world and while paying them a fee, Why not have an offline-password-based confirmation schema?

Being able to use your hard earned cash both Online and Offline is a huge deal. Or isn't it?


texts:
I am looking for a public opensource Stratum V1 pool implementations, for research purposes.
Best candidate is not cluttered with coin-specific coinbase payouts and PHP code.
Thanks in advance!


texts: I am Ashish jaiswal from India. I logged in to my blockchain wallet today and i received the approval email from blockchain. I approved the email and in next minute I see 8.43 btc has been taken out of my wallet. what shall I do?


texts: Transaction created with sendtoaddress didn't propagate to the network, how to resend?

texts:
i am running Bitcoin Core 0.14.1 on a  Centos6 Server.
I had several transactions (receive, send) in the last days, and everything was fine.

I always did my transaction with the bitcoin-cli sendtoaddress ADDRESS  AMOUNT ... and that worked fine. Always after some minutes i could see my unconfirmed transactions at Blockchain.info

But yesterday i made a new transaction same as always and i get an transactions id successfully, but i cant find my transaction in the Blockchain. And the receiver does not the transaction also.

What i have tried:

I wait more than 24 hours ( but my transaction is not showing up in blockchain, and wasnt include in any block)
I turned off the IP Tables and make sure that the Wallet is connected to the network.
I stooped Bitcoin with bitcoin-cli stop and made an recan with bitcoind -rescan
I stooped Bitcoin with bitcoin-cli stop and made an recan with bitcoind -zapwallettxes
I deleted the memorypool.dat in .bitcoin directory
I reload the complete Blockchain

Who has the solution?


texts:
I am trying to send a raw transaction from my Bitcoin ABC node.  It is not fully synced, but I have at least passed the point where I can see some of my transactions.  In trying to send a tx after creating it, I get the error:

16: mandatory-script-verify-flag-failed (Illegal use of SIGHASH_FORKID)

What is this, and how can I resolve it?


texts: How can I build my own get address transactions API?

texts:
I want to build an API to query an arbitrary bitcoin address for received transactions. The address is not necessarily associated with my wallet. Is this possible using the commands in bitcoin-cli?
I do not want to rely on a third party service like blockchain.com Though a public code library would be fine.


texts: Are all UTXOs locked by an address spent in a transaction?

texts:
Imagine I have 2 UTXOs locked by my address, each of which allows me to spend 5 bitcoins.

If I subsequently want to send just 2 bitcoins to someone else, will both UTXOs be used as inputs in the transaction, where I now receive 8 BTC change as a single UTXO locked to my address, or as the value I want to spend can be covered by a single UTXO, is only one of the 5 BTC UTXOs spent by the transaction and I receive change in a new UTXO worth 3 BTC locked by my address. So now my address locks two UTXOs, one for 5 BTC which was not needed in this transaction, plus the change I just received for 3 BTC. Or something else?


texts: I saw in an article something about a Bitcoin algorithm half in 2020. What exactly is this? I have tried looking this up but I couldn't find anything that told me what it was only a website counting down to the next.


texts: Why my bitcoind cannot query all the blocks?

texts:
I just install the bitcoind and run:

bitcoind -daemon

and when i tried to:

bitcoin-cli getblockhash 195876

i got an message:

error code: -8
error message:
Block height out of range

the command:

bitcoin-cli getblockchaininfo

got me the data -

{
"chain": "main",
"blocks": 195807,
 ......
}

but the current block height is more than 574000
why does bincoind doesnt see all the blocks?


texts: Creating a nothing-up-my-sleeve public key

texts:
I am trying to create a public key whose x starts with "34" and is followed by the minimum number n such that the concatenation of "34" and n is the x of a valid point (x, y) on the elliptic curve secp256k1. Submit the concatenation of 04, x and y in hexadecimal form. This is a valid bitcoin public key, the corresponding secret key of which is not known by anyone.

I was told that the minimum number is 0.

My understanding is that the answer is supposed to be like this: '0434' + hex(n) + y_value.
I am not sure how to approach this.

Is it true that x-coordinate is supposed to be 32 bytes and y coordinate 32 bytes too?

Is it true that each coordinate is represented in hex mode of 64 chars?

Is the public key represented by 130 hex chars?
I have tried some online tools: e.g. https://iancoleman.io/bitcoin-key-compression/ and some python code but I always get a wrong answer.

X = '0x3400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'
p = 0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffefffffc2f
print("x coordinate = %s " % X)
x = int(X,16)
print(x)
ysquared = ((x*x*x+7) % p)
print("ysquared= %s " % ysquared)
y = pow(ysquared, (p+1)//4, p)
print("y1 = %s " % hex(y))
print("y2 = %s " % hex((y * -1 % p)))
print("-----------------")
print('04' + X[2:] + hex(y)[2:])
print('04' + X[2:] + hex((y * -1 % p))[2:])


texts: Can I clear the mempool from this transaction?

texts:
I accidentally sent a payment from my blockchain.info address to my Bitcoin Core address with a really small fee (5 satoshi/byte). The transaction is still currently unconfirmed, for 4 days now.

I heard Bitcoin Core has mempool.dat, but I'm unsure if this tactic works only if you sent the TX from Bitcoin Core.

If I delete my mempool.dat, will that send the bitcoin I sent back to me on blockchain.info? I'm sending my bitcoin to my Bitcoin Core address that has the mempool.dat. Let me know. Thanks!


texts: Error compiling altcoin-qt for Windows, getting a GCC internal compiler error

texts:
I think I managed to get all my dependencies and libraries right (fingers crossed), but now when trying to build blackcoin-qt, the QTSdk compiler gives me this error while building qtipcserver.o:

In function 'bool boost::interprocess::winapi::unlink_file(const char*)':
internal compiler error: in gimple_rhs_has_side_effects, at gimple.c:2343
[build/qtipcserver.o] Error1

The unlink_file function is on line 1638 of win32_api.hpp in the boost library. This seems like a GCC error, any ideas?


texts: How exactly is Multibit HD more secure than Multibit Classic?

texts:
In what ways is Multibit HD more secure than the old, no longer supported, Classic version? What are the differences in threat models, wallet recovery, and other areas a Bitcoin user would care about?

I haven't found anything about this on multibit.org.


texts: Why does BIP141 define both virtual transaction size and weight?

texts:
Why does BIP 141 (segwit) define both virtual transaction size and weight?

Weight seems to be just four times virtual transaction size (or vice versa, depending on what you define first). Why are both needed?


texts: Radeon RX 580 8GB vs 4GB. Does memory matter?

texts:
Does GPU with more memory provide better mining for Ethereum? Here is a Quora an answer:

  In general, 4GB is sufficient for even the most demanding hashing
  algorithms and you will not see any performance gains just by having
  more memory. This is where the speed and quality of the memory comes
  into play. The 8GB RX 480 has a higher memory clock speed which gives
  it a slight edge while running memory intensive algorithms such as
  Ethash (used by Ethereum). When running at the same core clock, the
  hashing speed of a 8GB RX 480 can be higher by 25–30 hash/sec compared
  to the 4GB RX 480.

  However, hashing speed also depends on the quality of the GDDR5
  memory. Samsung based chips seem to perform little better (20–25
  hash/sec) compared to Hynix or Elpida. They are also easier to
  overclock.

What about Radeon RX 580, which one is better? In what cases should I consider memory?


texts: Bitcoin-Qt client: Easy way to using a wallet.dat not in its default location/when it asks for my password at all?

texts:
It doesn't have to be called "wallet.dat", right? That would be too obvious. Can you call it anything, with any extension?

Bitcoin-Qt is just not so trivial to me to use since the trivial way would be to have an option File -> Open wallet (at starting the program), then enter password if encrypted. TrueCrypt for example is trivial in this way, you select any volume, type in a password, mount, and dismount images.

I don't understand that either that you encrypt your wallet.dat file, close the client, open the client and it doesn't ask for your password?


texts:
Does Bitcoin Core (bitcoind or bitcoin-cli) support HD wallet?

Can Bitcoin Core ...

Q1. create HD wallets?
Q2. import HD wallets from other wallet software?
Q3. watch HD wallet? (watch transaction or notify changes)


texts:
Simply: who are Alice and Bob, and why are they mentioned in every Bitcoin-related article I read about that talks about Bitcoin transactions?
What is the history or mystery of these two?


texts: How to generate public and private key pairs from the 12 seed words in python

texts:
I basically followed the instructions here How to generate mycelium addresses from the 12 words in python

So my code is similar:

from bip32utils import BIP32Key
from bip32utils import BIP32_HARDEN
from bip32utils import Base58
import os, bip39

strength_bits = 128
entropy = os.urandom(strength_bits // 8)
wallet_generator = bip39.Mnemonic('english')
mnemonic = wallet_generator.to_mnemonic(entropy)
assert wallet_generator.to_entropy(mnemonic) == entropy  # see, bijective!

# Or specify the mnemonic directly if you prefer:
mnemonic = 'aware report movie exile buyer drum poverty supreme gym oppose float elegant'
passphrase = 'test'

seed = bip39.Mnemonic.to_seed(mnemonic, passphrase=passphrase)
key = BIP32Key.fromEntropy(seed)
account_number = 0
i = 0
print "Address: " + key.ChildKey(44 + BIP32_HARDEN) \
         .ChildKey(0 + BIP32_HARDEN) \
         .ChildKey(account_number + BIP32_HARDEN) \
         .ChildKey(0) \
         .ChildKey(i) \
         .Address()

And I verified it using https://iancoleman.io/bip39/#english that the generated address is indeed the first address that this webpage generated as well. However, I also want to get the public and private key pairs using this same library. I originally tried:

print "Public Key: " + Base58.check_encode(key.ChildKey(44 + BIP32_HARDEN) \
         .ChildKey(0 + BIP32_HARDEN) \
         .ChildKey(account_number + BIP32_HARDEN) \
         .ChildKey(0) \
         .ChildKey(i) \
         .PublicKey())

print "Private Key: " + Base58.check_encode(key.ChildKey(44 + BIP32_HARDEN) \
         .ChildKey(0 + BIP32_HARDEN) \
         .ChildKey(account_number + BIP32_HARDEN) \
         .ChildKey(0) \
         .ChildKey(i) \
         .PrivateKey())

However, the output of these two calls are not the same as the ones provided by the website above for the same address.

So my question is: what's the proper way for me to generate the public and private key pairs?

Edit: To clarify, for the exact mnemonic and passphrase above, the website I'm using for reference tells me the first address and keypair should be:

While the output of the above python code is:

Address: 1K6WQtD7bLQ5nQ14GyBV33mBWSbkiRKhQs
Public Key: 62Yi9HBYYagf8CY1Ve2fquHKjBqAA7GFjGUUtkUHbkP5PHzv3W
Private Key: EGHMsAp7nY7Jo9F589zCU227KBLTDhiwRq5vYVvRVZxJNPJn4

So the address matches, but not the keypair.


texts: Is it possible to make transaction using wallet private key

texts: I have a private key of a bitcoin wallet . Is there is any way i can check balance and make transaction using bitcoin core without importing private key.


texts: How to transfer btc from multiple btc addresses to a single btc address?

texts: I have 3 btc addresses and let's say each btc address has 1 bitcoin. If I want to transfer to my address from 3 btc addresses, I have to create 3 transactions and every time I have to pay a mining fee. Instead of that Can I transfer all the amount from 3 btc addresses to my btc address in a single transaction? How to manually create a transaction? I am using "pybitcointools" library. But It supports only to send coins to multiple addresses. Could anyone help me out in creating a single transaction manually using any library?


texts: Are there any other anonymous developers like Satoshi Nakamoto and BCNext that abandoned their project?

texts:
I'm doing some research on anonymous developers in the crypto currency space. Satoshi Nakamoto was the first to create a crypto currency and then vanish from existence. Another one was BCNext that create the NXT platform and then vanished.

What other anonymous developers took the same approach?


texts: Are my retrieved BCCs stolen from my Electron Cash wallet?

texts:
I installed the Electron Cash Wallet on my laptop (version 2.9.2 downloaded from official site "electroncash.org" with the correct checksum). Then I retrieved my BCCs (from an imported BTC adress in my Blockchain.info wallet) into my Electron Cash Wallet, using the (Electron Cash) Wallet/Private Key/Sweep command (with the private key for the BTC adress as argument). After the "Broadcast" of the transaction the BCC's were added to my Electron Cash balance (on 7 Aug. 01.07 hour). So far so good. After that I closed my (password protected) wallet and put my laptop to sleep. In the morning I started my computer again, opened the Electron Cash wallet again, but saw to my great dismay that at 3:50 hour - when I was sleeping - a transaction has been done (by a unknown person/computer/hacker?) in which all my BCCs have been transfered to a for me unknown adress. So now my BCC balance is 0 again! (see screendumps of the wallet history and the unknown/illegal transaction below). My first impression was that I 'm robbed.

What happened here? Has anyone stolen my BCCs? And if so, how is this possible? After all I closed my wallet and shutted down my laptop. (Some thoughts: could someone have been able to get my private key for the adress in which I received my BCCs in my Electron Cash wallet? And if, so how? Could it be that Electron Cash (2.9.2) is not save, e.g. when using Private key/Export command, by sending secretly a copy to some unknown receiver? Or else?). Has anybody the same experience with retrieved BCCs in Electron Cash wallet, and/or an idea what could have happened. And more important: is there a possibility to get my (lost/stolen?) BCCs back again (and if so how)? (I my opinion I don't have the problem that Electron Cash is erroneously referring to an Electrum Cash BTC server (mentioned on other posts). To be sure I put the server on manual on "electroncash.cascharia.com", but that does not bring my BCCs back. What can I do to get my BCCs back?  Your answer(s) is (are) highly appreciated.


texts: Java library for Bitcoin Client Application

texts: are there Java libraries for Bitcoin available to develop client applications?


texts: Sending coins without wallet just address

texts: My wallet is not working and is not showing I have any amount of money in my account. I have the wallet address and the transaction record showing that the money is in my account. How can I send this money to another wallet to save it?


texts:
I'm new on coinbase.com, and it looks like (surprisingly), when I order a 0.1 bitcoin transfer to somebody's address, then if I look at the transaction on blockchain.info

Network fees of 0.224 E-3 BTC are paid

Source address pays 0.1 + fees + change
Another coinbase related address gets the change
recipient gets 0.1

The recipient gets the full 0.1 BTC (they confirmed)
My account goes down of only 0.1 BTC

Who pays the network fees? Coinbase on their own money (sounds very surprising)?


texts: Why does the BFL Single produce ~50% stales with P2Pool?

texts:
I've heard from users on bitcointalk forums that the BFL single doesn't work with P2Pool as it produces about 50% rejected shares, which is insanely high.

Why is this?

Is it possible that the hashing is not actually being done on the chip itself? And it's just taking place on an external server then submitted to the P2Pool node, which would maybe explain why the stale rate is so high due to network latency? (especially since BFL refuse to say what chip they are actually using in their Singles)

Thanks


texts: What if all nodes on the lightning network were watchtowers by default?

texts:
What would be the costs for forcing every node on the lightning network to provide watchtower services by default so that the burden is shared by other users maintaining the default and with consideration for relative value across the second-layer and for the rate at which users go offline? Could this work for lightning or other state channel networks? Why, or why not?

So, what if all nodes in state channels are arbiters/watchtowers by default, but the cost of computation to support watchtower service on the network for a node (or node pair/channels) depends on the cost of ‘need’ of that node to have state/in channel transactions backed up, which is relative in value to other nodes in the network and to the rate at which nodes fail in the network. State channel users may choose to not use watchtower services at all, use watch tower services but not support it for others in the network, in which case they pay watchtowers at a premium, or to both support ‘watching’ and establish state channels. Also, if the responsibility of ‘watching’ should have a reasonable level of redundancy over periods of time so as to relieve the burden of computation costs of all watchers... sorry

tl;dr - the first part up to ‘why or why not’^^;


texts: How do I interpret Bittrex's minimum trade size?

texts:
The following description from https://bittrex.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/360001473863-Bittrex-Trading-Rules confuses me:

  All cryptocurrency orders placed on the Bittrex platform are subject
  to the following minimum order sizes:

  The minimum trade size is 50,000 Satoshis. There is also a minimum
  trade quantity.  For example, DOGE trades at 22 satoshis.  The minimum
  trade quantity is 4500 DOGE and the minimum trade value is 50,000
  Satoshis.  The smallest order in the book is 50000 DOGE at 1 satoshi
  each.  The largest order in the book is 4500 DOGE at 2 btc each.

So if I have the BTC-DOGE pair for example. The https://api.bittrex.com/api/v1.1/public/getmarkets API says MinTradeSize = 480. I assume this means the minimum quantity of DOGE I can buy is 480. How does the minimum trade size of 50,000 satoshi from the trading rules above work with this?

Does it mean X DOGE x current price >= 50,000 satoshi and X DOGE >= 480 for a trade to be accepted?

I have tested the first comparison (X DOGE x current price >= 50,000 satoshi) which seems to be correct. However I am unable to test the second (X DOGE >= 480).

Also what happens when the quote currency is USD, USDT or ETH?


texts:
I'm a newbie to crypto/blockchain, but I'm very excited about the possibilities.  Given how passionate folks can be about the subject, I want to be very clear that I'm not trying to indict Bitcoin or cryptocurrencies in general. I'm trying to understand how the whole thing works.
My understanding is that there is a limit on the number of Bitcoin that can ever exist;  21 million bitcoin.  Therefore, one of the merits of Bitcoin as a store of value is that more Bitcoin can't be "printed" like the Fed "prints" dollars.
I have also learned that one can exchange Bitcoin for other cryptocurrencies with limited issuance like Litecoin.  And, presumably, nothing prevents another cryptocurrency from being created with similar rules...etc.
So, is Bitcoin - as a store of value - really limited?  If all the currencies like Bitcoin are interchangeable, what is the effective difference between them?  In 10 years, why do I need to have value stored in Bitcoin vs. Litecoin vs. any other similarly constructed asset?  In theory, shouldn't all the capital flow evenly into all these currencies?  Again, assuming they are interchangeable.


texts: What dependencies are needed to build the dogecoin client?

texts:
What are the actual dogecoin client requirements?  Their list doesn't seem to match exactly with what I have available, and I had to go back and forth with apt to even install what I have so far, and I'm by no means confidence that I have the correct dependencies

thufir@dur:~/dogecoin$ head doc/readme-qt.rst -n 20Dogecoin-Qt: Qt4 GUI for Dogecoin
=================================

Build instructions
==================

Debian
------

First, make sure that the required packages for Qt4 development of your
distribution are installed, for Debian and Ubuntu these are:

::

    apt-get install qt4-qmake libqt4-dev build-essential libboost-dev libboost-system-dev \
        libboost-filesystem-dev libboost-program-options-dev libboost-thread-dev \
        libssl-dev libdb++-dev libminiupnpc-dev

then execute the following:

thufir@dur:~/dogecoin$ sudo apt-get install qt4-qmake libqt4-dev build-essential libboost-dev libboost-system-dev libboost-filesystem-dev libboost-program-options-dev libboost-thread-dev  libssl-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
libboost-dev is already the newest version.
libboost-program-options-dev is already the newest version.
libboost-filesystem-dev is already the newest version.
libboost-system-dev is already the newest version.
libboost-thread-dev is already the newest version.
libqt4-dev is already the newest version.
libssl-dev is already the newest version.
qt4-qmake is already the newest version.
build-essential is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.


texts:
Looking to create an Altcoin for fun and I heard about premining. Can this be done to premine all the coins without leaving my computer mining for days?

I followed a guide here: http://andarazoroflove.org/how-to-create-alt-coin-scrypt-clones-for-fun-and-profit-bitcoin-litecoin-secrets-exposed/

Thanks


texts: What is wrong with using hmac_sha512(block_hash, trans_id) as the resulting hash for a provably fair game?

texts:
Let's assume someone wants to make their own version of Satoshi Dice.  Satoshi Dice states that the winning output of the game is determined in the following manner.

  The lucky number used to determine the winner of games is simple. It
  is simply the first bytes of hmac_sha512(secret,txid:out_idx). That
  would be the secret string as the key and the transaction ID of your
  bet transaction as the data.

I've done a little bit of research, and most provably fair gaming sites use a secret key for their result hashing.

My question is, what is wrong with using the block hash as the the key for the hashing algorithm when determining the win results, instead of a secret key that's periodically updated?

I cannot see how this method could benefit the player since he has no way of knowing what the hash of the block will be until after they've submitted the transaction and the containing block is confirmed at least once.

What is the exploit that prevents sites from using such a simple means of calculating the win/loss conditions?


texts: What is Profit Ratio in BTC.com mining calculator

texts:
BTC.com website has a sophisticated Bitcoin mining profitability calculator and a simple calculator. The sophisticated one has a lot of settings.

There is a particular setting named "profit ratio" which is a percent.

I experimented with it and found that when this is equal to 100% the income is computed exactly correct and when I increase it the income is increased by that amount of percent. For example in 110% the income is calculated 10% more.

The default value is 102%.

What is the use of this setting?

https://btc.com/tools/mining-calculator


texts: Who enforces new consensus rules in Bitcoin?

texts:
I have been reading at few places that miners will enforce new consensus rules. Examples:
https://twitter.com/BitMEXResearch/status/1391014115968274433
https://twitter.com/ajtowns/status/1390496379487744001

04:20 < AaronvanW> aj: I think "my" type of futures market could be combined with "your" type of futures market? My futures market would inform miners if the market wants them to activate or not, your futures market would inform them (post-activation) if they should enforce or not. I think the second futures market (enforce or not) would be kinda pointless in this context, since the market already told miners to activate (among other reasons), but hey if people want to bet on that they can. (And I think this should address Matt's point/concern.)

04:32 < AaronvanW> the second futures market would have an asymmetric advantage in favor of enforcing, but I'd say that's a good thing. (again, I think this futures market would be kinda pointless... just addressing concerns here.)

http://gnusha.org/taproot-activation/2021-05-04.log
According to my understanding:

Devs code implementation for a BIP, followed by reviews and discussions

MASF: Miners are asked to signal readiness, new consensus rules are activated if most miners are ready in time. Blocks that do not follow new consensus rules after activation are rejected by full nodes.

UASF: Miners are informed about a deadline, new consensus rules are activated irrespective of miners readiness if enough miners fail to signal before deadline. Blocks that don't follow new consensus rules after activation are rejected by full nodes. (In BIP 148 blocks are rejected that do not signal and BIP 8 has a MUST_SIGNAL phase and lockinontimeout)

In both cases, rules are 'enforced' by full nodes.
Are miners "following" the new consensus rules after activation that they agreed to activate and signaled readiness or miners are "enforcing" new consensus rules? If they are enforcing new consensus rules, what is the role of full nodes? And if miners enforce new consensus rules can we consider miners signaling as voting?


texts: How can miners alter timestamps to prevent or delay BIP09 feature activation?

texts:
In bitcoin mailing list , a proposal had the following concern.

  BIP 09 is vulnerable to miners fiddling with timestamps in a way that could prevent or delay activation - for example by only advancing the block timestamp by 1 second you would never meet the threshold (although this would come a the penalty of hiking the difficulty dramatically)

Can anyone elaborate on what and how is this fiddling carried out? Why does this raise the difficulty significantly?


texts: Should USD savers be concerned about the rising popularity of cryptocurrencies?

texts:
I recently took an interest in cryptocurrencies.  Mostly, I'm interested Ethereum and Smart Contracts, but all the news about Bitcoin's rising price has prompted me to study currencies and economics in general.

The next generations are embracing this technology and it's only accelerating.

Should people that have spent a lifetime saving USD be concerned about the impact alternative currencies will have on the future value of their savings?


texts: Does the program I downloaded (bitcoin-qt) mine bitcoins?

texts:
Possible Duplicate:
  How can I start mining Bitcoin?

Nothing ever says how to actually mine bitcoins, except to join a pool. I don't want to do that. All I really know is that each block has an equation associated with it, and whoever solves it gets the coins. I assume that the miner is trying to solve the equation, and I also assume that this just means running the bitcoin client and hoping your computer can generate a block. If bitcoin qt (from the website) doesn't mine bitcoins, what does?


texts: I use the original client, but I don't know where can I find my Bitcoin address. Can someone help me?


texts: Why are P2WSH addresses larger than P2SH addresses?

texts: One would, perhaps naively, assume that both addresses are hashes of scripts and therefore ought to be the same size.


texts: Why does the value range of outputs need to be restricted?

texts:
In the 'tx messages' section for protocol rules we have

Each output value, as well as the total, must be in legal money range

For each input, if the referenced output does not exist (e.g. never existed or has already been spent), reject this transaction

If my understanding is correct, rule 4 will confirm 0 <= output, sum of outputs <= 21,000,000, and rule 12 is checking that each input is in the UTXO set. I am having a hard time seeing why rule 4 is necessary, it seems like other rules - such as rule 12 - would already invalidate a transaction that was not in legal range. No one could ever have > 21,000,000 bitcoin so there could never be utxos for more 21,000,000.
Also, where can I find the code for these checks in the source code.


texts: Transfer Bitcoin from between two different wallets

texts:
In my application i want to received payment from different user. Each user may use different wallets like mycelium, jaxx and many more... My application's wallet is in coinbase, is it possible to transfer coin from mycelium, jaxx to coinbase ?

Just by sharing the receiver wallet address.


texts: Download Bitcoin, Etherium, Ripple rates 1min candles

texts:
is there any possibility to download archive with rates for Bitcoin, Etherium, Ripple VS USD?
I need 1m ... 1w candles.
I would like to find such service and download it on daily basis.


texts: Could a malicious attacker subvert the Bitcoin network by failing to create a block?

texts: I know its astronomically improbable, but say a malicious node "wins" the proof of work inherent to the Bitcoin protocol. If a malicious node simply waited indefinitely, or maliciously disconnected during the block creation process, what would the Bitcoin network do about it? If a block isn't created will the network just hang indefinitely, or is there some way of overcoming a halt like this?


texts:
A Gateway must do two things

  accept some form of deposit from a user and give the user Gateway
  IOUs. (Other -> ripple)
  accept Gateway IOUs from a user and send that
  user payment. (ripple -> Other)

How does Gateway IOUs work? I have three basic questions:

Which one happens first in a gateway, (a) users pay money to gateway, or (b) gateways transfer IOUs to user? What guarantees that step 2 happens?
What will happen when a gateway refuses to accept IOUs, and transfer money back to user?
Is there anything similar to 'interest rate' for holding IOUs for long time?


texts: Using the output of listtransactions how can I calculate the balance of certain addresses?

texts:
I have a JSON array of the transactions from the listtransactions call.
How do I calculate the balance of addresses?

My plan. Add up the amounts from all transactions of the receive category for a given address and filtering out transactions that have less than the minimum required confirmations. Is there anything I'm missing or any gotcha's here.


texts: Why one would need *extended* public keys for auditing a bip32 wallet?

texts:
(I am reading the bip32 for an altcoin development.)

In the bip32 specification, it is written that listing all incoming and outgoing payments of a hierarchical deterministic wallet would required the extended public keys.

  In case an auditor needs full access to the list of incoming and outgoing payments, one can share all account public extended keys. This will allow the auditor to see all transactions from and to the wallet, in all accounts, but not a single secret key.

Wouldn't the (non-extended) elliptic curve encryption's public keys work too ?

Furthermore, if I understand the spec properly, sharing an extended public key isn't really safe since knowing a descending non-hardened private key would then expose all the keys descending from this first extended public key...and sharing a non-extended public key would avoid the problem.


texts: Electrum - using a fixed fee regardless of transaction size

texts:
I am using Electrum 2.7.12, and I intend to use the python console to paytomany() while using a fixed fee. I have tried following directions from http://matt.ramuta.me/blog/1419787186410-how-to-write-scripts-for-the-electrum-wallet (with a slight workaround for the csv).
How can I create a transaction using paytomany() containing a fixed transaction fee?
Never mind I solved it


texts: How to make a Bitcoin address your main one in Blockchain.info?

texts:
On the Your Wallet starting page of Blockchain.info, there is a frame with the text

This is your Bitcoin address
*bitcoin address here*
Share it with anyone and they can sent you money.

(or something like that, I don't exactly know what it is in English, I am using it in Dutch)

I have 2 addresses specified, one with 0.01306288 BTC and one with zero BTC. The one with 0.01306288 BTC is shown in the frame on the start page, but I would rather have the other one.
Is there a way to make the other address show up there?


texts: How to confirm custom transaction with solo mining?

texts:
I'm looking to cgminer software (https://github.com/ckolivas/cgminer) for understand that how mining works. It is difficult to understand and there are lots of codes. For this I'm asking this question here.

Is it possible that can I confirm a specific transaction? For example I sent a bitcoin from my address to other address and it generates a transaction ID. Can I pass this transaction id to my custom solo miner and it confirms it. Is it possible?

Is there a software that mines custom transaction seems like:

myOwnGPUorCPUMiner -tx [my custom transaction id]

It will confirm my transaction and finished or continues to mine other transactions. (This code is just an example)


texts: Transactions with multiple input UTXOs and multiple output UTXOs

texts:
Suppose a transaction t has 5 input UTXOs each worth 1 BTC, each unlocked by a different sending address Ai.

The outputs of that transaction are 10 UTXOs of 0.5BTC each, each locked by a different receiving address Ao.

Is it correct to posit that each of the Ai sent 0.1 BTC to each Ao? (Lets ignore the existence of transaction fee).


texts: I have no idea on what lm doing l deposited  $50 to a gaming site and won a little so want to get some of my winnings back to my keycard savings account but l have no idea how to do this lll enclose a photo, the gaming place asks for a Wallet Address which l did and withdrew $40 to my Bitcoin Wallet Address but now l don't know what to do next how do l get it from now the Bitcoin Wallet to my actual Bank Account any help would be appreciated as lm so way outta what l need to do its all just so hard Regards Mark Brown


texts: How do I calculate the witness commitment hash for a given block?

texts:
From my understanding, every SegWit enabled block has an added output script which is used as a place to store the "Witness commitment" specified in BIP 141.
One issue I've stumbled upon was calculating the commitment hash value only given the raw block/transaction data.
For example, I've chosen Block #542213 as it only has 4 total transactions (including the coinbase generation)
Coinbase witness commitment script:
OP_RETURN OP_PUSHDATA(36) [aa21a9ed4a657fcaa2149342376247e2e283a55a6b92dcc35d4d89e4ac7b74488cb63be2]

BIP141 states that the pushed data can be broken down to the following:
0xaa21a9ed - Commitment header (seemingly random)
0x4a657fcaa2149342376247e2e283a55a6b92dcc35d4d89e4ac7b74488cb63be2 - SHA256(SHA256(witness root hash|witness reserved value))

The documentation mentions that the witness root hash can be derived similarly to the merkle root in a block header, where each wtxid acts as the txid would in a traditional header merkle root.
To test this, I'm using this PHP script kindly provided on a different thread. This generates the merkle root used in the block header perfectly (that is not what I am trying to do, but what I have done to verify the code actually works).
Our example block has 4 transactions. Only two of which have witness data (coinbase and this tx).
The commitment structure states that the wtxid of the coinbase transaction is always:
0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

and every other wtxid act as a leaf.
My first question:

How are transactions that do not have witness data effected in the witness hash? Are they entirely omitted?

Assuming that the non-witness transactions are just omitted entirely from the merkle tree, I simply add the coinbase and the one transaction with witness data's  wtxid into the array like so:
$txids = array(
    '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
    '6c6e3849acf1b570db352dc08f7776e99c344a56fbb2f019e1865d1b6e044889',
);

The result being: 3a84e2f2f1bcd42141b58f2acd9497296c9f2d710cc2164669ef6d7e3870dfe9
My second question:

Where does the (concatenated?) witness reserved value come from?

Here it states:

The witness reserved value currently has no consensus meaning, but in the future allows new commitment values for future softforks

But it is still unclear to me what this value actually is before the hash is computed.
Please feel free to correct any inconsistencies or problems with my train of thought so I can improve my understanding for this part of segregated witness.


texts: What is Blockchains 12 word recovery passphrase process

texts:
Hello thank you for looking.

I am trying to discover a simple way of creating blockchains 12 Word Recovery Passphrase, they have a so called help page on this subject which is of very little help and profoundly obscure, your help would be greatly appreciated.

Kind Regards

Richard Norman


texts: How is a Transaction Output Marked as Spent?

texts:
The Bitcoin developer guide states that

  each output of a particular transaction can only be used as an input once in the block chain. Any subsequent reference is a forbidden double spend—an attempt to spend the same satoshis twice.

So how does a Bitcoin network node actually mark a transaction's output as spent? I imagine it would need to be irreversible, so that other nodes cannot revert the "spent" marker, but I cannot think of a way that Bitcoin could ensure that.

Where in the standard Bitcoin code does this marking occur, and how does it occur?


texts: The current Lightning implementations use P2WSH script format for multisig in the funding transaction. But it is also possible to use the CHECKMULTISIG opcode "natively", i.e., without P2WSH (see Mastering Bitcoin, Chapter 7). Can it be used for channel establishment? What would be the pros and cons? Was multisig used in Lightning at some point, or did Lightning go straight to P2WSH?


texts:
In the distant 2013 I tried to deal with mining. At that time it was much easier than it is now.
I downloaded the official program (the version I did not remember), installed it on my computer with a powerful, at that time, videocard and mined.
When I decided to stop I had a bit less than 1 btc. Without having any possibility to cash it out I just saved it to my wallet.dat. I did it with the thought in mind that in some time I would restore mining on its base.
Currently, it is already 2 months that I can not restore my wallet. I installed different versions of the software from bitcoin.org, synchronized them, but the balance writes 0.

Can you help me find out the reason of the fact that in 2013 I had some money there (the rate was $ 130) but 0 at the moment?

P.S. The only person who had access to the wallet was me. I even have the exact date I used it for the last time.