texts: anyonecanspend final condition of a script can be spotted just by looking at the script hash, without the redeem data?

texts:
Consider the following scenario.

Alice, Carol and Bob create and fund a script with the following rules:
if now, alice pubkey, bob pubkey
else
if now+500 blocks, bob pubkey, carol pubkey
else
if now+1000 blocks, ANYONECANSPEND

The question is if anyone (besides Alice, Bob and Carol who have the redeem script) can tell by looking at the address (script hash) that its final condition is ANYONECANSPEND, and miners for example choose not to include it in a block until the last nLockTime passes and the miner can claim the entire output, not just the fee.

Based on my current understanding, just by looking at a native P2WSH address (hash of script) it tells you nothing about the redeem script, or am I wrong?

Also, can miners learn the final condition if the output is spent at its second nLockTime, like when Bob and Carol try to spend, they must also provide the redeem script, thus allowing miners to see that if they wait 500 more blocks they can claim the entire output, not just the fee, and not include it in a block until then. Thank you.


texts: How to get Mutlibit Hd private keys from mnemonic

texts: I'm trying to use this tool: https://dcpos.github.io/bip39/ but none of the addresses match. I would really appreciate some help.


texts: Is anyone involved in any open source projects? Anyone know of any? Maybe a nice list of different classes of projects would be good, I'd like to get my hands on some projects.


texts: Why are transactions not used for signalling?

texts:
Currently miners can signal for certain BIP proposals. But users cannot signal, that's why they need to indirectly force miners to vote for them, using UASF's.

But why are transactions not used for signalling? For example 1 transaction = 1 vote. That would allow a very large userbase to signal directly without the miners, and seems pretty foolproof, since both censoring or creating them (just for the purpose of influencing the vote) will be very expensive to an attacker.

It feels like a much nicer solution than a UASF, so what am I overlooking here?


texts: Why doesn't the Bitcoin-qt client ask for the Wallet passphrase upon startup?

texts:
I've just encrypted my wallet.dat file using the "Settings -> Encrypt Wallet" menu option.

I then closed the client and re-opened it.

I was expecting to be prompted to put in the wallet password once I reopened the client.

I was asked for no password. I don't understand, what is the point of my having set up a wallet password if I can just use it without unlocking?


texts:
Strongly inspired by the SETI program, I was considering putting together a mining client that mines when a computer switches to screensaver. I know this would cost some PGU when the computer takes a nap, and would kind of defeat the purpose.

But would such a product be of interest to the bitcoin crowd ?

Would people be interested in a piece of software like this ?

I understand that serious miners would not be interested in this, but maybe, just maybe, the whole BitCoin thing would be easier to explain to some, if there was a piece of software that resembled the SETI program (which many people know or remember.)


texts: Why do we need a mining speed above 4.3Ghash/s?

texts:
I believe there will be a simple flaw in my understanding somewhere.

From what I can tell for any given block you increment a nonce up to 2^32 (4294967296) per second (and the timestamp every second) in order to find a suitable hash.

Thus if you have a mining rig that can do 4.3Ghash/s, you can cover all possible block hashes in any given second.

What am I missing here, and if this is the case, why do mining rigs with this specification or higher not find all the new blocks?


texts: What dead simple algoritm can be used for generating checksums by pen and pencil?

texts:
I'm holding a course on Bitcoin and blockchain technology. On my agenda I have an exercise where I'm going to let the attendees create their own blockchain on the wall using post-its.

I'm in search for something that would resample Bitcoins proof of work that the attendees could calculate by paper and pencil. I've seen the 0.67 hashes per day however I'm in search for something much simpler.

What algoritms for generating hashcodes, or better for this purpose a checksum, exist that does not require ascii or base conversions? Could you invent something for this purpose?


texts:
I'm trying to understand how Script validates transactions.

I have taken this transaction as an example 55e5bbdba33050bbe6584e896b4a20575cf3fe3f29114467f17f67f6b172eb73

When showing the scripts, we can see as input

ScriptSig: PUSHDATA(72)[3045022100c70904b2925a6822fd3dc2d236bcba1fa1518fdfdadbda8f25a89a339879c82a02200bd7ca7d502d46ebc6fbc97f51af3d0ab4f290d73931ada9abb76fb1b6d3b55b01]
PUSHDATA(65)[043fd05d2490b2b8496da3b8498f1aee08634c43eef40aa58b66e36271632571d6dbda0ec7fb6fcec09409597e38e3b968648ed10ad6402647bb6143f0f9f09b3f]

And output :

DUP HASH160 PUSHDATA(20)[57d713220076f8298b54e9eea84d2e1dde62e4a1] EQUALVERIFY CHECKSIG

So, from what I understood, if these script bits are run one after another, the result should be true (please correct me if I'm already mistaken at that point).

I have used an online Script debugger but these bits did not return a success.

Has anyone an explanation on why I couldn't get this right ?


texts: What are the possible Doomsday scenarios for the 2016 Halving from 25 to 12.5 BTC per block solved?

texts: The 2016 halving is coming from 25 to 12.5 BTC solved for every block. For us to understand the effects. What are some possible doomsday scenarios that can happen?


texts: Creating bech32 address on bitcoin core automatically generate another address on lightning network

texts:
my lightning network backend is bitcoind. Interesting when I execute getnewaddress label bech32 another bech32 address is automatically generated. I found it because at the lightning network console pops up a new line [INF] RPCS: [newaddress] addr=xxxxx and it is not the same as the address at bitcoind.

It doesn't happen if I created with another wallet type such as legacy wallet.

So my questions are
1. why another address? what is the purpose of this automative generation?
2. what is the link between these two addresses? does deposit at one affect another in a descrete way?


texts: Why is bitcoind removing keys from keypool?

texts:
I opened my laptop which always has bitcoind running and my log is going ballistic with messages like:
2020-11-05T12:41:57Z [FullyNoded-d703055f46595edcf8163916bd906f9563afc0903fbe74c2882a93c59359ca00] keypool index 38212 removed
Why? What is it doing? Removing keys I imported? I never asked it to do that :(
RPC commands are also unresponsive as it seems to be overwhelmed.
Bitcoin Core 0.20.1


texts: Calculate Miners Fee before Signing Raw Transaction?

texts:
I am attempting to automate the process of sending coins from multiple transactions to a single output and single change address using createrawtransaction

I am a bit lost though, because how can I calculate the output amount to the change address without knowing the total size of the signed transaction to calculate the miners fee...

For instance

I have 3 input transactions, they total 0.1 BTC.

I have 1 output address that I want to send 0.05 BTC to.

I have 1 output change address that I want to send the rest of the BTC to.

How do I calculate the amount for the change address without knowing how much the miners fee will be?


texts: How is bitcoin sent into my bank account?

texts:
I've been trying to find a way to transfer bitcoins from my bitcoin wallet into my bank account, I've gone to a couple sites that kinda use a similar method, but I don't really understand how it works.

One of them is exkash for example, seems legit but don't I have to give them my bitcoin address before giving my bank details so that they know where the bitcoin is coming from or do they just send the amount that I enter, If so where is the money coming from.


texts: Verifying a legitimate version of bitaddress.org on Windows

texts:
How can I make sure I am accessing (online) or have downloaded (as an HTML file or from GitHub) a legitimate, trustworthy version of bitaddress.org?

In other words, how can I make sure no hacker has modified something at bitaddress.org or in the GitHub files in order to be able to capture generated keys?

I have read somewhere something about computing the "hash" and/or "verifying the signature" or something like that. I'm not at all familiar with all this.

I think the same question would apply for bitcoinpaperwallet.com, too.


texts:
I'm trying to add a new dependency to my Bitcoin Core fork. The dependency is Rapidcheck, a property based testing framework.

I've added a file called rapidcheck.mk inside of depends/packages with the following content

package=rapidcheck

$(package)_version:1.0

$(package)_download_path:https://github.com/Christewart/rapidcheck/releases/download/1.0

$(package)_file_name:rapidcheck-1.0.tar.gz

$(package)_sha256_hash:c228dc21ec24618bfb6afa31d622d1f4ea71168f04ee499e1ffcfc63cd5833f4

define $(package)_preprocess_cmds
  mkdir build
endef

define $(package)_config_cmds
  cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=$(build_prefix)/bin ..
endef

define $(package)_build_cmds
  $(MAKE)
endef

I've also modified the depends/packages/packages.mk file to add rapidcheck

Now it looks like this

packages:=boost openssl libevent rapidcheck
darwin_packages:=zeromq
linux_packages:=zeromq
native_packages := native_ccache native_comparisontool

qt_native_packages = native_protobuf
qt_packages = qrencode protobuf

qt_x86_64_linux_packages:=qt expat dbus libxcb xcb_proto libXau xproto freetype fontconfig libX11 xextproto libXext xtrans
qt_i686_linux_packages:=$(qt_x86_64_linux_packages)

qt_darwin_packages=qt
qt_mingw32_packages=qt

wallet_packages=bdb

upnp_packages=miniupnpc

darwin_native_packages = native_biplist native_ds_store native_mac_alias

ifneq ($(build_os),darwin)
darwin_native_packages += native_cctools native_cdrkit native_libdmg-hfsplus
endif

I've run make clean && make after doing all this and added the include <rapidcheck.h> to a file in the test/ dir. I get an error saying that the file could not be found. What step(s) am I missing?

You can see my commit for these changes on my bitcoin core fork here


texts: How to change checking processes - bitcore-node

texts:
We are trying to set up bitcore-node to work with other cryptocurrency core. Lets say that everything in core is pretty much the same like in bitcoin core so everything should work.

After resolving some problems we stuck on starting and exiting node process. It looks like this:

[2017-11-09T12:20:29.239Z] info: Using config: /Users/gitsad/GIT/bitcore-node/ourcoinNode/bitcore-node.json
[2017-11-09T12:20:29.241Z] info: Using network: testnet
[2017-11-09T12:20:29.242Z] info: Starting bitcoind
[2017-11-09T12:20:29.244Z] info: Using bitcoin config file: /Users/gitsad/GIT/bitcore-node/ourcoinNode/data/dash.conf
[2017-11-09T12:20:29.249Z] info: Starting dash process
OurCoin Core server starting
[2017-11-09T12:20:29.294Z] warn: Dash process unexpectedly exited with code: 0
[2017-11-09T12:20:29.295Z] warn: Restarting dash child process in 5000ms
[2017-11-09T12:20:29.315Z] info: Dash Height: 0 Percentage: 0.01
[2017-11-09T12:20:29.324Z] info: Dash Daemon Ready
[2017-11-09T12:20:29.325Z] info: Starting web
[2017-11-09T12:20:29.369Z] info: Bitcore Node ready
[2017-11-09T12:20:29.802Z] warn: ZMQ connection delay: tcp://127.0.0.1:28332
[2017-11-09T12:20:29.802Z] info: ZMQ connected to: tcp://127.0.0.1:28332

Process exits and starts again:

[2017-11-09T12:20:34.301Z] info: Using bitcoin config file: /Users/gitsad/GIT/bitcore-node/ourcoinNode/data/dash.conf
.
.
.
the same stuff

We found in lib code in bitcore-node/lib/services/bitcoind.js

self.spawn.process.once('exit', function(code) {
      if (!self.node.stopping) {
        log.warn('Bitcoin process unexpectedly exited with code:', code);
        log.warn('Restarting bitcoin child process in ' + self.spawnRestartTime + 'ms');
        setTimeout(function() {
          self._spawnChildProcess(function(err) {
            if (err) {
              return self.emit('error', err);
            }
            log.warn('Bitcoin process restarted');
          });
        }, self.spawnRestartTime);
      }
    });

We changed it by adding return; at the end of line:

self.spawn.process.once('exit', function(code) { return;

And this resolved our problem with the restarting process.

The question is:

Where can we find the conditions on which this function checks the process and how we can change it?

Every help will be appreciated. Thanks!


texts: Failed to import Bech32 SegWit addresses using importmulti Bitcoin-Core 0.16.0rc3

texts:
I was trying to import Bech32 addresses using importmulti on Bitcoin Core 0.16.0rc3.

       [
    {
        "scriptPubKey" : { "address": "tb1qkzq7kgx7rk45na3d3vt6vrqftfczq6ryn9zq0d" },
        "timestamp" : "now",
        "watchonly" : "true"
    }
  ] ,  { "rescan": false }

Response:

Please enter the wallet passphrase with walletpassphrase first.

Why that error? and shouldn't I add witness scrpit instead of scriptPubKey?


texts: Alternatives to OP_RETURN to store data in Bitcoin blockchain

texts:
I am working on iOS camera app and would like to store hash of photos inside blockchain for the "proof of existence".

AFAIK transaction with OP_RETURN in output has some disadvantages

non-refundable. so every transaction burns coins and removes something from a finite resources. forever.
can be rejected by miner/can be subject to reject because of low fee and negative impact of burning coins
subject to change. OP_RETURN field used to be 80 bytes and has been changed to 40 bytes.

I appreciate any ideas


texts:
Is it possible to process (stored in the same block) two successive transactions simultaneously?

'Two successive transactions' means that the second transaction's input is the first transaction's output.

Thanks!


texts: Does encoding Namecoin/messages into the blockchain bloat it?

texts:
I read today twice concerns about inflating the blockchain:

NameCoin
Bitcoin Message Service

So, does using these services "over inflate" the blockchain? The way I see it, if another protocl rides on top of Bitcoin but obeys by its rules and pay all the proper transaction fees / mining time, then it's "legit". My question is how can such a "legit" protocol inflate the blockchain more than a regular miner would?

Does it introduce spurious transactions? If this actually became a problem, wouldn't increasing the minimal transaction fee solve it?


texts: What part of the transaction is scriptSig in?

texts:
I was reading this paper
https://web.archive.org/web/20140331191527/http://bitcoinhistory.net/Technical_Papers/ProgrammingBitcoinTransactionScripts.pdf
and I have the following question:

ScriptPubKey accompanies a transaction output and specifies under which conditions it can be claimed. ScriptSig accompanies a transaction input and is used to prove that the referenced output can be rightfully claimed.

So in page 2 the ScriptSig should be in Input TX and ScriptPubKey should be in output TX? Author says that scriptA is ScriptSig.


texts: "wallet corrupt salvage failed" Error. Help with pywallet

texts: I have an old wallet from 2013 with some BTC in it possibly. I have guesses for what the passphrase could be but not 100% sure on it. Everything I find online is to use pywallet but I unfortunately am a total scrub when it comes to python scripts. So really I am confused exactly what I need to do to obtain the btc out of this wallet. Do I need to extract the private keys from my corrupted wallet and import them into a new wallet? or can I simply merge the corrupted wallet with a new one and the merged wallet will read right? I know pywallet can do all these functions but have no idea myself on how to go about it. Thanks for any help.


texts: Are all the *coin networks consistent in which script actions are permitted and disabled?

texts:
The reference Bitcoin client disables several script commands (the programming within a transaction) due to possible implementation issues in the network.  I think it's possible that a forked client may actually enable such commands.

Do any of the other networks (namecoin, litecoin, test or prod, etc) enable disabled script commands?

I'd like to test and compare my implementation against others.


texts: How do you determine whether Bitcoin Core is synced fully or not from the RPC API?

texts:
I keep getting the wrong numbers returned daily in the beginning of the day because Bitcoin Core has not yet synced the blockchain from the computer being powered off during the night. So I need a way to determine if it's been synced fully or not, so that I can avoid using the numbers until it has synced fully.
I've looked through https://bitcoincore.org/en/doc/0.21.0/ but can't find anything such as "getsyncamount" or "isfullysynced".
How is it done?


texts: Do Multi-Signature Wallets Require Two Separate Bitcoin Wallets?

texts: Put more simply, is it possible to set up a multi-signature wallet that takes both signatures from itself?


texts:
Thought I made a paper wallet in 2013 with 2 coins, just checked it is showing empty. The blockchain transaction showing unspent as of when I made the wallet in 2013.
I thought it was in the paper wallet so I miss placed my blockchain wallets info. I have wallet ID's but no passwords, 3 wallets trying to narrow down which wallet to try and figure out the password.

Is there a way to figure out what wallet a transaction came from, because I fave a few?? I think the transaction is in limbo- Please help anyone
Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated!!


texts: How many confirmations is enough if block creation rate is volatile?

texts:
Right now, the number of blocks created is increasing at a rapid rate.  In addition I tried to import coins into a MtGox account and noticed that even after 8 confirmations the funds aren't available.

Traditionally, the funds were available after 6 confirmations.

After thinking about this, it makes sense that if many blocks are claimed in multiple successions and not enough time has passed, it may be reasonable to wait a period of time before accepting the transaction.

My question is: What is the formula that should be used when counting the number of confirmations required for a tx?
Should I take into consideration the rate of change? ...over what period?

This question seems to be relevant during the increase in hashes coming from the new ASIC line from BFL and Avalon.


texts: Is https://www.bitaddress.org/ safe to create a paperwallet?

texts:
I want to create a paper wallet for cold storage and am not sure of the best way to do that. I heard of https://www.bitaddress.org/, but is it safe if booted from an offline PC?

Thank you!


texts:
The total number of coins mined/available should be readable from the blockchain.
But is also possible to calculate the number of coins which were/will be available at any given time?


texts: Trying to find the raw genesis transaction length

texts:
I see that many different altcoins have different lengths for the initial genesis tx.  How would I go about finding the length of the initial genesis tx?  I saw another answer but I have no need of making it as complicated; I just need the length and nothing else.

For example, Bitcoin's is

01000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffff4d04ffff001d0104455468652054696d65732030332f4a616e2f32303039204368616e63656c6c6f72206f6e206272696e6b206f66207365636f6e64206261696c6f757420666f722062616e6b73ffffffff0100f2052a01000000434104678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5fac00000000.

However, altcoins have different lengths.  Is there an identifier I can use to determine the length of the genesis tx and nothing else?

EDIT: I am making a block explorer so I cannot use a block explorer to help me in getting info.


texts: Negate the need for blockchain explores and full blockchain syncing for simple queries

texts:
Rather than download the full blockchain or a pruned version; would it be viable to peer-to-peer ask 'what is this block' or 'what is this tx'?

We download the full blockchain from several peers so why not ask peers for just on piece of info?

Is there a javascript/node.js library that does this?


texts: What can an attacker with 51% of hash power do?

texts: Suppose organization X has 51% of the hash power for a period of 1 week. In this week, what exactly can and can't X do?


texts: Are there projects visualizing and analyzing historical transaction data?

texts:
I know blockchain.info etc, but I'm looking for things beyond simple timelines of transaction volume and the like. I was thinking towards scientific projects that aim at discovering patterns in the historical data, for instance:

are there addresses that accumulate large amounts of btc?
are there interesting transaction pattern, e. g. prolonged transaction "ping pong" between address pairs, "star patterns" where a single address sends out transactions to a large group of others, etc
are there amounts that seem to get passed on along a long chain of addresses?

Note that those are just examples I made up to illustrate what kind of angle I'm looking for: a more open-ended, scientific analysis rather than trading advice. That same notion makes it hard to search for projects, so I'm hoping that someone might happen to know something.


texts: Why do you use Bitcoin addresses instead of public keys?

texts:
Why do you hash the public key twice? Are there security benefits to abstracting away from the public key? Is it because the address can represent multiple things? I'm missing something.

Could you theoretically send bitcoins directly to the public key?


texts: Asset creation on cryptocurrency/blockchain

texts:
I have a question regarding the creation of a blockchain application.
In bitcoin its predetermined before the genesis block is even created, to only release a limit of 21 million bitcoins. Examples such as ripple and ethereum also release the amount of coins they have in their blockchain on creation.

Is the possibility to determine asset on a blockchain only available at the creation?

Lets say for example I want my blockchain to have 1000000 monkeycoins as assets, but 4 years later I want to add another 500000 monkeycoins and maybe 5 years after that another 500000.

Is it a must to say I want 2 million coins in assets on creation or can I add a random amount as long as everyone in the network agrees on the creation of the asset?


texts: I want to use sendfrom bitcoind rpc method to transfer funds from my account to some address. Right after calling it, I want to get all the data about this transaction using gettransaction or listsinceblock. Does bitcoind's wallet system process a new transaction before or after responding with a "txid" to sendfrom? Is it safe to call sendfrom and gettransaction right after that from my python code for example?


texts:
If someone doesn't want to mine, this means that they don't create coinbase transactions. Coinbase transactions are necessary for every transaction.

Can one spend their bitcoin without having to mine?


texts: how can i coding wallet to build exchange to client withdraw

texts:
i want to build a cryptocurrency exchange so my question how is best way and secure way to depositing and withdrawing clients ?

should i use api like https://cryptoapis.io or https://www.blockcypher.com/ ?

and this api dont support tether too !!?


texts: Could Bitcoin be implemented without saving the block chain on the HDD?

texts: Is the Bitcoin's copy of the block chain completely necessary? Couldn't we just store the current balances of all addresses, without keeping logs of their transactions as well?


texts: All of a sudden hashrate drops to half the normal

texts:
I usually get a nice 200 Mh/s out of my XFX 6770 clocked at 950 MHz / 300 MHz. Sometimes I'll check cgminer and see the hashrate has dropped to around 90Mh/s while temperature of the GPU dropped to a constant temperature around 60C, even though I set the temp target at 78C, where it usually stays. If I quit cgminer and start it again, the issue goes away, but still it's always a lot of wasted time when I could be profitably mining but I'm not. The issue always shows up and I don't have a slight idea of what may be causing it. I was thinking of making a workaround script that detects when the hashrate goes below some threshold for some period of time, then quits cgminer and starts another session.

Is this one easy thing to do and can it even be done at all?


texts: Hardware wallet teardowns and side channel attacks

texts:
Most of the popular hardware wallets appear to be based on well established open source cryptography.

Which hardware wallets have been submitted to extensive teardowns and side channel attack testing?


texts: If port 8333 is closed, will a node relay transactions to its peers?

texts:
During a recent discussion, it was asserted that a node running Bitcoin Core behind a firewall with port 8333 closed would still relay blocks/transactions to peers. Unsolicited connections would be blocked due to the closed port, but the node itself would still relay blocks and transactions to any connected peers.

I'm looking for a good resource that settles the issue. Where can I find one?


texts: My company is switching to QuickBooks enterprise. The only thing I would like to know before making the switch is if you can track bitcoin payments through the software.


texts: how to setup solo mining software to mine aion coin?

texts:
how to setup solo mining software to mine aion coin in windows 10??
I need to mine aion coin without any pool .


texts: Why do people claim that governments cannot confiscate Bitcoins?

texts:
Let's say that I practice impeccable data security processes using dedicated devices, encryption, and no clear-text backups. Even if they cannot find all of my backups, this doesn't protect me from criminals or government agents threatening violence to steal or confiscate my assets.
Please explain how having Bitcoin is any different in practice from having a bunch of gold bars that they can just steal?


texts: Recovering LTC coin sent to a BTC address

texts:
I have mistakenly sent LTC coin(Using bittrex) to my BTC wallet(Zebpay). I have not received the coins yet.

The transaction is showing 6+ confirmations on blockcypher and not showing anything in blockchain.info.

Following to this, Bittrex has advised me to research how to remove a private key from a Bitcoin address and import it into a LTC wallet to recover these coins or contact someone from the LTC community for help.

Does anyone know how to resolve this problem?


texts: Why is the address 1MAdS7aPszWG4EYgBpbF9mnGUi5ChbMu8d sending me Bitcoins?

texts: I'm receiving 1 satoshi today from an odd address. This account has been very consistent in creating spammy transactions that distribute 1 satoshi to a lot of account. Any one know what's going on with it?


texts: Which address do I use to dump private keys from Bitcoin Core wallet?

texts:
Trying to get my private keys from bitcoin core wallet
Have got to the part where i put in  dumpprivkey then it wants my address
Which address do i give?


texts:
I understand that one way a merchant would likely use Bitcoin is to create a unique receipt address for every customer, so when a given address receives payment, the merchant can know exactly which customer sent in payment.

Ideally, these addresses would get used one time, and then thrown away.
But the world isn't an ideal place, and customers sometimes (frequently) make mistakes.

To prevent Bitcoin loss, would a merchant need to keep every address (and associated private key) forever?  Doesn't that become burdensome?


texts: How does a miner create a transaction input to spend tx fees?

texts: I'm wondering where does a miner get an input for a transaction that spends the tx fees received from mining a block? It's not out of the coinbase transaction.


texts: Why proof of work rather than posting to a public forum?

texts: I understand that proof-of-work plus a block chain is one way of creating a trustworthy public ledger of transactions.  But holy hell, the cost to society in terms of energy consumption is VERY high per transaction.  I participate in conversations online all the time where I implicitly trust that I am seeing the full discussion and that everyone can see my input.  Usenet, for example, does this in a decentralized way.  Couldn't we just post our transactions to usenet save some resources?


texts:
Why the total number of bitcoin is limited? Is there a protocol in the block or somewhere so that the participants can't violate the rule?

The first one who find the block can receive the bitcoin for award. But if the total number of bitcoin is limited, does it means that the total number of block is limited? However, it seems that the total number of block is unlimited, or the transaction will be stopped.

I don't know where I was wrong?


texts:
I have a very old wallet.dat that I've put into my .bitcoin folder. When trying to run bitcoind, the service stops giving the following error

2019-06-11T18:14:02Z Using wallet directory /home/nom/.bitcoin
2019-06-11T18:14:02Z init message: Verifying wallet(s)...
2019-06-11T18:14:02Z Using BerkeleyDB version Berkeley DB 4.8.30: (April  9, 2010)
2019-06-11T18:14:02Z Using wallet wallet.dat
2019-06-11T18:14:02Z BerkeleyEnvironment::Open: LogDir=/home/nom/.bitcoin/database ErrorFile=/home/nom/.bitcoin/db.log
2019-06-11T18:14:02Z Renamed wallet.dat to wallet.dat.1560276842.bak
2019-06-11T18:14:02Z BerkeleyEnvironment::Salvage: Database salvage found errors, all data may not be recoverable.
2019-06-11T18:14:02Z BerkeleyEnvironment::Salvage: WARNING: Unexpected end of file while reading salvage output.
2019-06-11T18:14:02Z Salvage(aggressive) found no records in wallet.dat.1560276842.bak.
2019-06-11T18:14:02Z Error: wallet.dat corrupt, salvage failed
Error: wallet.dat corrupt, salvage failed
2019-06-11T18:14:02Z Shutdown: In progress...

Edit. Here is the content of the DB log

file unknown has LSN 1/151495, past end of log at 1/28 Commonly caused by moving a database from one database environment to another without clearing the database LSNs, or by removing all of the log files from a database environment Page 0: metadata page corrupted Page 0: could not check metadata page wallet.dat: DB_VERIFY_BAD: Database verification failed file unknown has LSN 1/151495, past end of log at 1/1080 Commonly caused by moving a database from one database environment to another without clearing the database LSNs, or by removing all of the log files from a database environment wallet.dat.1560341204.bak: DB_VERIFY_BAD: Database verification failed file unknown has LSN 1/151495, past end of log at 1/2500 Commonly caused by moving a database from one database environment to another without clearing the database LSNs, or by removing all of the log files from a database environment wallet.dat.1560341352.bak: DB_VERIFY_BAD: Database verification failed

Edit. Using db_dump I am able to see the content of the wallet file ( addresses, keys etc)

Is there any way I could debug this, perhaps recovering just part of the keys or any useful data from the DB itself? Any useful hints how to approach such recovery?


texts: How do the people who work on Bitcoin Core get paid?

texts:
I'm wondering how the people who work on or manage Bitcoin Core get paid, e.g.  Wladimir J. van der Laan.

Do they do the work just... as volunteers?


texts: How to avoid price pumps & dumps when trading with bot?

texts:
Recently I recieved $500 USD in credits for trading with Coinsetter, a NYC based bitcoin exchange, so I decided to use them and coded a bitcoin trading bot for myself (never have done such thing before); The problem I'm having right now is that my bot seem to be "buying higher, selling lower" and I don't know why, you see:

If I go to the bot's logs, I get something like this:

The prices shown there are the prices at which the market order is requested, (giving an invalid price as an argument for the API request supposedly results in a failed order, so I request the live price first from coinsetter twice before I do a buy/sell operation); BUT if we go to the coinsetter transaction history we have this instead:

So everytime I do a BUY I pump up the market, and every time I do a sell I dump it, how can this be avoided? I'd prefer buying at the lower prices and selling at the higher ones.

P.S. Another question would be: What you think is the real price at which I'm buying/selling? The price I REQUEST or the price coinsetter tells me at it's history?

Thanks for your advice.


texts:
Yesterday I made a transaction from my one btc address to another by using pybitcointools library for blockchain api. I made a mistake by making input value 10x times higher than output value.
So I have a quesiton: Is that input minus output value treated as fee now, or can I restore it back in some way ?

Here is link transaction history ( only 1 transaction ) where you can see what's going on : https://blockchain.info/address/1Fno6XBjLbEq53oTG6MWw1X1vA2hbyaLPh?format=json

and here is transaction's blockchain link:
https://blockchain.info/tx/d80feae624c18067044e1bca0917bdb0c42f81ff1e7b9b2febacfced1ed7f691


texts: What happens if I use same k twice in DSA algorithm?

texts: To sign a message , we choose nonce k but what happens if we use same k twice to sign a message using DSA algorithm?


texts: July 2015 forks and SPV mining: Why did F2Pool and AntPool mine an unverfied chain for so long?

texts:
I've been trying to understand what exactly happened in July 2015. Specifically, I can't figure out why F2Pool and AntPool mined for so long (~1 hour) on an unverified chain?
According to blockchain.info, the first orphaned block was generated at 2:09am [1], while the 6th block was generated at 3:05am [2]. This suggests that F2Pool was "SPV mining" for over an hour, which seems very risky considering they had no information about the validity of the preceding block that they built their first (invalid) block on (i.e. the block in [1]).
I realize that block header timestamps could be off by a little bit, but the time should still be close to an hour, right?
Here's my understanding: I think I see how "SPV mining" can reduce orphan rates by starting to mine earlier on an empty block before verifying its predecessor. From [3] and [4], I understand that an SPV miner would mine block B on top of an unverified block header A (or hash, as in July 2015) under the assumption that it would receive A's block contents soon and verify them. This way, the miner would be sure that its SPV-mined, empty block B is also valid. I also understand that if block A is invalid, then the Bitcoin P2P network (and perhaps other gossip channels Bitcoin miners use such as BRN) will not relay the invalid block's contents to save bandwidth, which means the SPV miner now has to rely on a timeout to tell whether A is valid or not.
What I don't understand is how come F2Pool did not time out in July 2015? Did they not implement that logic? That would seem silly from a money making perspective.
I could not find much about this online.
PS: I've read the answer here but it doesn't explain why F2Pool went on to SPV mine for so long.


texts: I have some amount of bitcoin, how can i convert them to cash?

texts: I also want to know how one can know his bitcoin wallet, i only see the bitcoin slip


texts:
For constructing the merkle tree txids are paired and hashed. ¹
But how are these txids paired? Does it happen chronologically or is there a certain pattern of pairing?


texts: Abandoned transaction - now can't send anything

texts:
Earlier today I sent a tx with too low a fee (5.4sat/byte). After many hours in BitcoinCore I abandoned the transaction with the right-click option with a plan to send it again with a higher fee. I achieved this by starting BitcoinCore with -walletbroadcast=0 and thereby accessing the abandon menu item

Now none of my transactions small - or - large will broadcast. In BitcoinCore I just get stuck with Status: 0/unconfirmed, in memory pool and when I try to use a pushtx like blockchain.com or viabtc I get the error Validation Error: BitcoindException(super=com.neemre.btcdcli4j.core.BitcoindException: Error #-26: 18: txn-mempool-conflict, code=-26)

Deleting the memcache file won't help either as its clearly in the memcache of other nodes.

In BitcoinCore the funds are showing as spendable and I am able to click send, it just wont broadcast.

What can I do? I run a pruned node so I can't use zapwallettxes and I can't use bumpfee as the Transaction is not BIP 125 replaceable (code -5)

I'm fresh out of ideas other than downloading 180GB full chain in order to run zapwallettxes


texts: Lightning Network conf listen & externalip values

texts:
I downloaded LN repo. I have this settings in my lnd.conf file:

listen=192.168.100.134
externalip=186.4.235.84

I am following some tutorials online that do not include this settings (like this one) . Can someone explain the role of this variables please? I am not a network expert and I like to understand the code I write.


texts: Can you recover seed words with passphrase on bitcoin node?

texts: I have a btc node (Bitcoin Core version v0.17.0.1 (64-bit))running on my Windows 10 computer, as part of regular backup I have realized I don't have the seed words but I do have the passphrase. It has a zero balance, wallet.dat is backed up - is there a way to recover the seed words in this scenario? I'm never going to use a Windows node to store any significant amount of coin, but I'd still like to know what my options are.


texts:
I had 20 btc in 2012, and I spent it all in December 2017. I heard there was a fork for Bitcoin cash.
How do I get my 20 bitcoin cash out of my wallet.dat ?


texts: In the case the difficulty increases as much in future, will the possible hashes run out/be insecure?

texts:
As I understood, in the block hash, the amount of zero's is the nonce, like this:

0000000000000000005f54622d97866453137466737289c2500e67f6fce1cd4e

When there are more blocks found than in the average of 10 minutes, the nonce will increase. Then the hash is recomputed for each value until a hash containing the required number of zero bits is found.

But imagine the development of ASIC's accerlates expotentially, so the nonce for the required hash will be like this, for example:

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004e

I know there are more information required, but let's imagine this in 2020 if the development of new ASIC could accelerate.

So in theory there are only 28 (note the position of 4 in block hash) x 28 (position of e in block hash) = 784 remaining possible hashes. Would thatn't mean that the Bitcoin ecosystem with an insane difficulty will eventually runs out of possible hash combinations for blocks?


texts: Mining income calculation - H/s, MH/s or GH/s for hashing power?

texts:
I've seen online calculators use hashing power in H/s, MH/s and GH/s for various algorithms. How does one decide hashing power denomination must be used for mining income calculation? I feel like it has something to do with a specific coin Nethash but I can't figure it out...

Thanks in advance!

EDIT: or should I simply convert Nethash as well as user's hashing power into H/s and be done with it?


texts:
I'm in the process of understanding scriptSigs of transaction inputs and encountered some transactions with inputs that seem to be missing a public key.

This is what I expect to see as a scriptSig. A signature and a public key.

ScriptSig: PUSHDATA(71)[3044022017e2af6e1308d431365deeb5739d41a909cf0d61a9c0e48f3ae5b0bd6544bfc5022066e73dd26d71d824552b034b322603cce8b936912b99f4f3df512e502bd7c11e01]
PUSHDATA(33)[03d7b3bc2d0b4b72a845c469c9fee3c8cf475a2f237e379d7f75a4f463f7bd6ebd]

https://blockchain.info/tx/10857ad56f1695559562af8076aea4ccba625ba79a82f75e5658c0c2fa4336c0

However, I've encountered these type of scriptSigs as well. There seems to be no public key. What exactly is happening here?

ScriptSig: PUSHDATA(71)[304402204e45e16932b8af514961a1d3a1a25fdf3f4f7732e9d624c6c61548ab5fb8cd410220181522ec8eca07de4860a4acdd12909d831cc56cbbac4622082221a8768d1d0901]

https://blockchain.info/tx/f4184fc596403b9d638783cf57adfe4c75c605f6356fbc91338530e9831e9e16


texts: Testing the blockchain for ECDSA signature random collision

texts:
The wikipedia page on ECDSA signature explains how the signer's private key can be recovered if two signatures are produced with the same random (private key looking) element k. In fact, it is claimed on the DSA page that a fault in the implementation of java's SecureRandom class have led to such collision. I would like to confirm that in principle, it is possible to write code checking for such collisions in the blockchain in order to steal bitcoin private keys in the hope that some faulty wallet implementation has prevailed somewhere. Does the following algorithm outline make sense?

Check every signature of every transaction input in the blockchain
If two signatures correspond to the same public key, check if same r
If same r assume there is a collision and derive private key
Check if corresponding address is part of utxo set

Assuming this can be implemented, has it been done already?


texts:
Are any known threats related to Bitcoin intellectual property?

(While unlikely, I guess one long shot threat is that one or more governments would ban the use of the technology.)


texts: What is a millisatoshi? I thought satoshi is the smallest unit?

texts:
I encountered 'millisatoshi' (msat) while browsing Lightning Network..., see screenshoot below:

And subsequently I found it mentioned here:

https://github.com/ElementsProject/lightning/blob/master/README.md#sending-and-receiving-payments

Obviously, I am curious... I thought satoshi is the smallest unit?


texts: How did short positions work on Bitcoinica?

texts: I'm trying to find information on CFDs and exactly how Zhou Tong utilized them to short, but am coming up dry.


texts: How can I use Ripple to accept Bitcoin, USD, and other currencies on my site?

texts:
I don't want to limit myself to just using Bitcoin on my site, especially when there are other interesting Alt-coins on the market.

I'm pretty sure I can use Ripple to accept Bitcoin, however I'm unsure how to set this up.

Can someone explain how I can do this?  (and then redeem my ripple-for-Bitcoin receivable)


texts: Where in a bitcoin transaction can I store some data?

texts:
I need to store some data in a transaction to the data can be stored in the blockchain.

In which field of the transaction I can store it?


texts:
I am experimenting with making a wallet for educational purposes, and would like to use libsecp256k1 directly. Aside from creating a context, and using it in calls, all I have perhaps learned so far is that you should generally only create one context, but I am not even entirely certain this is true.

Not knowing why, or anything really about the context, I was wondering exactly what it is, how it is used, and how one should use it?


texts: Can i put Bitcoin Bitcore on Flashdrive?

texts: I am a new user, Downloaded bitcore wallet and blockchain. I have received several bits of information of how much of a risk it is to leave your wallet live on the pc. I read about creating a cold storage so I bought a 32gb flash drive. my question is how to correctly move it to the drive,and will it operate normally when I put it back in my pc 2 weeks later?  I am useing windows if there is a detailed page or inscrutable please let me know thanks.


texts: How to compile coins from github? (linux mint/ubuntu)

texts:
I tried to install a couple of coins from GitHub code, but none succeeded. For example, this (or other): https://github.com/muddafudda/PayCon

Please step-by step guide


texts: What is the relation between the bitcoin address and the corresponding private key?

texts: Just wondering how do get the address given that we store only a public key? What is the relation between them? Is address a simple hash of private key? If yes, what hashing algorithm is used?


texts:
Multibit HD is only connecting with one peer.  This issue randomly started a few weeks ago.  Initially, I had to keep restoring my wallet to a previous date since my balance kept reverting to uncomfirmed. Annoying but it was a work around, until it only started connecting with one peer.  Restoring the wallet does not resolve this issue.

Bitcoin Core works just fine.  Ports 8330 and 8333 are open.  The issue happens both on, and off, a vpn.

Any thoughts on how to troubleshoot this issue, or at least get my coins out?

Thanks!


texts: What if someone owns 51% of all bitcoins?

texts:
Would it be possible to manipulate the exchange rate of Bitcoin, if a single entity controlled the majority of all available currency?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency_intervention
http://www.nber.org/papers/w14600
http://ask.metafilter.com/38377/does-51-sharehold-mean-control


texts: Move the blockchain to a different location

texts:
I am using the Bitcoin-Qt application on Ubuntu, but the blockchain is very large and is wasting space on my SSD drive. Is there a way that I can move it to a hard disk drive?

There doesn't seem to be a setting for this. Is it possible?


texts: Multibit: Whats the best way to proceed if I have forgotten my password but my wallet is still open

texts: I am running multibit.  I have less than half a bitcoin.  I realised today that I have totally forgotten my password.  My wallet is still open so I can still use it to pay for stuff.  Can I create a new wallet in multibit and transfer the bitcoin balance to that without having to retype me password or logging out of my current wallet?


texts:
I have a server running bitcoind 9.x, how can I incorporate features such as return addresses to my customers using BIP 70? I have seen the GIT repo but is it something that I have to download or is it already implemented in the bitcoind daemon I'm running?

Thanks


texts:
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

you can decode above tx at http://chainquery.com/bitcoin-api/decoderawtransaction

From bitcoin explorer, I found that above transaction is 2-3 multisig tx. I understood that bolded part fd5d01 is script-length. its value is 349 Bytes. In a normal tx, Within the ScriptSig, the first byte which tells us how long the signature is. followed by the size of the second element and then the second element which is pubkey. Now, how to identify the number of signatures involved in a multisig tx like above example. I mean how did the explorer find out that it is 2-3 multisig. In the first place how to identify a multisig? And what is the significance os OP_0 at the beginnning of scriptsig?


texts: How relevant is the Chinese Great Firewall in the blocksize debate?

texts:
Mike Hearn said the following:

  The reason the true limit seems to be 700 kilobytes instead of the theoretical 1000 is that sometimes miners produce blocks smaller than allowed and even empty blocks, despite that there are lots of transactions waiting to confirm — this seems to be most frequently caused by interference from the Chinese “Great Firewall” censorship system.

Also, he mentioned on another occasion that the bandwidth through the GFW, is only about 50 KB/s, sometimes less. In the best scenario you can get 3 MB/s, according to Scaling Bitcoin Conference.

Mike put lots of accusations towards the Chinese regarding blockchain development, but how much of that is true and if there's some solution, what will be the solution?


texts: Why Bitcoin address are 25-34 bytes long when RIPEMD 160 & SHA-256 are only 20 bytes and 32 bytes long respectively?

texts: (I'm new to Bitcoin & it's technology so correct me wherever u can) .Recently I was reading about Bitcoin and it's underlying technologies. I came to know that for generating addresses Bitcoin uses RIPEMD-160(SHA-256). But most of the Bitcoin Addresses are 25 to 34 Bytes(characters) long & starts with 1 or 3. How is this possible? Is there any underlying Encryption algorithm is there along with Hashing functions like RIPEMD & SHA?


texts: How to add an address to a CheckLockTimeValue (CLTV) transaction output using bitcore-lib (or any other js lib)

texts:
I am using bitcore-lib to create transactions. I can add an output with CLTV to the transaction but am unable to add an output address to it. This is my code (typescript/node):

const lockScript = Script.empty()
                         .add(blockAsBuffer)
                         .add(177) // OP_CLTV
                         .add(117) // OP_DROP
                         .add(Script.buildPublicKeyHashOut(this.privateKeyAddress));

const transaction = new Transaction();
transaction.from(unspentOutputs);

// Following is where I'm adding the CLTV but can't add an output address
transaction.addOutput(new Transaction.Output({
  script: lockScript,
  satoshis: satoshisToLock
}));

transaction.change(this.privateKeyAddress);
transaction.fee(feeInSatoshis);
transaction.sign(this.privateKey);

With the above code, the transaction-output is something like the following. Note that there's no address attached to the CLTV output. Is there a way to add an address to that output using the bitcore-lib (or any other javascript lib)?

...
{
  "value": 0.00001,
  "n": 2,
  "scriptPubKey": {
    "asm": "1658883 OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY OP_DROP OP_DUP OP_HASH160 89605b86b7ad185ebc10fe457b98776838972cf0 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
    "hex": "0403501900b17576a91489605b86b7ad185ebc10fe457b98776838972cf088ac",
    "type": "nonstandard"
   }
},
...

In case you are curious as to why do I want to do this, see the previous question that I had asked: Using CLTV can I freeze some funds from a wallet, and make them available, in a single transaction?


texts: What type of power supply do Gridseed G-Blade need?

texts:
I have recently purchased 2 Gridseed G-Blade Miners, not realising the power supplies didn't come with them.

Do I need a specific PSU to power them? Or can I get an AC adapter and plug them straight into the wall?


texts: Let's think of a hypothetical scenario if Bitcoin becomes the world's major (most used + highest market cap) currency one day. How will it change the world? The obvious point is cheaper money transfers, but what about its impact on the global economy? Is a "deflationary" currency better for the world? Is quantitative easing really that bad?


texts: Is it possible not to load private keys for the wallet on a Full Node and sign the TXs elsewhere, then broadcast signed TXs from the Node?


texts: Sent bitcoin with no fee, waited and bitcoins disappeared

texts: I sent about $425 to an adress from my bitcoin-qt wallet and forgot to include a fee. So I googled and googled and waited around for 4 or 5 days for it to stop broadcasting but I get on my computer today to check my transaction on blockchain and its not found anymore. My bitcoin wallet is empty and on the transaction log its status is still "0/unconfirmed". What do I do to get my coins back?!


texts: Are minimal bitcoin fees nowadays enforced in bitcoin-core?

texts:
I read some resources like http://bitcoinfees.com/ and Are Bitcoin fees optional?, and I still don't get this:

Does bitcoin-core nowadays enforce (regulates) minimal bitcoin fee or is it completely left to the market?

For example if I put a fee of 10 satoshi and there are not much unconfirmed transactions will bitcoin-core always confirm this transaction (no matter of how old new inputs are, or anything else).


texts: Analysing the raw block Hex file but I can not find the expected information

texts:
My goal is to understand better, how transactions and blocks are built raw. For that, I found several questions and answer here on StackExchange, but the best for me was this post:
Download single and specific block for study purposes

Then I followed the information in this answer and had a look at this block.

Raw HEX file of the block here.

Now my question is:
Why do I not find transaction hash in the raw hex file?

When I am looking for a specific transaction hash (e.g. "909374f0cc117...) I do not find it. I thought each transaction is added to the block. Maybe not the hash of the transaction?


texts: I sent a test amount of bitcoin to my Keepkey. Coinbase has recorded it and it has been confirmed over 250 times. Yet when I go to my Keepkey it lists NO transactions. What have I done wrong?


texts: Can I specify one of my existing "receive" address as a "change" address when I create a transaction when using the Bitcoin Armory client?

texts: Using the Armory client, is it possible to specify one of my existing "receive" addresses in my wallet as a "change" address when I create a spend transactions? (Instead of the Armory client creating a new "change" address)


texts: How to buy bitcoins with amex debit card?

texts: I have a debit card and would like to buy bit coins, is there a way with amex?


texts: Is there empirical data about a relationship between bitcoin price and difficulty?

texts: There have been claims that Bitcoin price and difficulty correspond. Is there empirical data to support or refute this?


texts: Why do some transactions take months to get into a block?

texts: This page at bitcoincharts shows a list of transactions that didn't get included in a block yet.  Many of them are from 2 or 3 months ago, even though they include a fee.  What's going on?  Why haven't they been included in a block already?


texts: Could someone explain how the TX operation here works?

texts:
I know this is a BCH address, but it's the best example I could find. The same concept holds for BTC, so understanding what's going on is relevant.

https://explorer.bitcoin.com/bch/tx/5d0af59f43f8e8388839518243c743279e7c3dd526385fcc5bbcd907cd61bd2a

What one sees is one transactions with two inputs and two outputs.

How does it happen that there are multiple inputs/outputs in a transaction?
How did 12WsyKG89bxTGWV1iguxPWh6UX2ye1X8hD end up with 208.448 and 18Q43boBRU8Sk57SjSfjgFbjvXhBccBrKq with 18.816 - where in that transactional data does it specify which address gets what from the inputs?


texts:
Can someone please explain the third (Escrow) output transaction listed here:

https://blockchain.info/tx/09dd94f2c85262173da87a745a459007bb1eed6eeb6bfa238a0cd91a16cf7790?show_adv=true

What the exact intention and the expected result ?


texts: How to store Bitcoin values in a MySQL database? floats are bad.... right?

texts:
What should I be using to store the values of a wallet in a MySQL database?

Apparently floats are too imprecise to be storing Bitcoins, especially down to the satoshi.

So what should I be using? Decimal ?


texts: Is it possible to create bitcoind regtest network on Ubuntu (which itself is on Virtualbox)?

texts:
I am getting into Bitcoin development and it seems that bitcoin regtest mode is perfect for testing our applications.

I am trying to create a network, following Fred Tingey's answer but, unfortunately, it's not working.

I need suggestions, what information can I provide?
I am trying to use docker, but I have to first create 64-bit Ubuntu machine.
Thanks


texts: How much privacy does Lightning actually have?

texts:
I can't find any information on what information is actually contained within a lightning transaction.
Lets say Alice wants to pay Bob on lightning and routes through R1, R2, R3 in the following order
Alice > R1 > R2 > R3 > Bob
I assume Bob needs to know information regarding the channel UTXO from Alice, otherwise how would Bob know that the channel is funded?
If this assumption is true, how is Lightning more private than Bitcoin? (except for the fact that nodes don't need to store the information on channel UTXO's [but they can if they want...])
If Bob is known amongst authorities as a common endpoint for whoever they are targeting, they can compel Bob to reveal if he received a payment which was funded from a channel with some known UTXO (they would know the channel UTXO from on-chain analysis of their tracking of Alice). If Bob is logging the information he's paid with, then he would have the ability to comply with this authority, effectively making this Lightning payment no more private than a Bitcoin payment. If Alice gave Bob some personal information in relation to the payment, this would completely dox Alice to authorities.
Also, does R1, R2, R3 also know the channel UTXO?
If the channel UTXO is not known amongst participants, how does the target channel validate that the source channel is funded?
Would appreciate guidance on this
Thank you


texts: Can we leverage a popular website for mining?

texts:
Is it possible to leverage a popular website and have users mine on their side for your own benefits?

Let's say you have a large website and you have an algorithm running on the front-end (Javascript for example) that uses users' browsers to mine blocks?

Is this possible?


texts: How can I be sure that bitcoin mining software is not compromised?

texts:
I have been interested of generating Bitcoins but how can I be sure that the software that is available for this is not somehow compromised?

My concern is that the software may have some backdoor (reverse shell or otherwise), but to what degree is this a valid concern? Are there any steps I can take to mitigate this risk?


texts: Why bitcoind/bitcoin-qt is imposing transaction fee?

texts: bitcoind is imposing a transaction fee of 0.0001 BTC forcefully even though I have set "transaction fee" to 0. Is it possible to transfer BTC to an address without paying a fee? If so, how?


texts: Button generating code altering addresses

texts:
I was playing with the website:

http://embedbitcoin.com/

to generate a payment button for my website. It asks for your bitcoin address, but when you click "Send Bitcoin" from the generated button, the address it outputs for the user is different than the one originally input.

That seems fishy, and I don't currently have any BTC to test that it is what it says it is.

If each address is unique, it is my understanding that it can't be linked to a single account, and therefore no other addresses could be generated from it, and this seems like a scam to send money to someone else's account.

Is this understanding correct? Is this a scam?


texts: If I have bitcoins in blockchain.info wallet, can I transfer it to my local bitcoin account wallet?

texts: If I have bitcoins in a blockchain.info wallet, can I transfer it to my local bitcoin wallet? If so, how?


texts: How do I import an Electrum wallet into BitcoinJ?

texts:
I'm trying to create a BitcoinJ-based app that watches an existing wallet (created in Electrum) and does things when transactions come through against that wallet.

As I understand it, I need to create a BitcoinJ wallet by feeding it my Electrum wallet's "Watching Key", and it appears that, to do this, I need to somehow load my Electrum wallet into BitcoinJ so that I can call getWatchingKey() on it.

The problem is that I cannot sort out how to import my Electrum wallet into BitcoinJ - I have BIP32-formatted public and private keystrings (from testnet, so they start with tpub and tpriv respectively), but I simply cannot sort out how to convert these strings into a Wallet object in BitcoinJ. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

EDIT

Alternatively, I could import the Key by using the Seed...but I'm supposed to supply the Seed's creation time (in Unix form)...what is that information used for? I don't have it, so I've been working under the assumption that I cannot use the Seed.


texts: How to be assured a wallet is on a blockchain?

texts: How could I check that a wallet or any app I download from Google play or Apple store or a website is truely runs by a blockchain and be certain that producing company can not manipulate the private key?


texts:
I want to try mining on testnet, I'm using cgminer and I got it working on the main network but when i'm runnig it on testnet I got (in debug mode):

] Testing pool http://127.0.0.1:18332
] Probing for GBT support
] HTTP request failed: The requested URL returned error: 500 Internal Server Error
] Failed to connect in json_rpc_call
] No GBT coinbase + append support found, pool unusable if it has no stratum
] HTTP request failed: The requested URL returned error: 500 Internal Server Error
] Failed to connect in json_rpc_call
] No Stratum, GBT or Solo support in pool 0 http://127.0.0.1:18332 unable to use

I've tried with the generate=0 and gen=0 options but it seems to have no effect.

Currently my .conf file looks like:

testnet=1
server=1
txindex=1
rpcallowip=0.0.0.0/24
rpcbind=0.0.0.0:18332
printtoconsole=-1
debug=1

I'am running bitcoind version 130100.

It seems that many tuturials are outdated and that some options/features changed (like bitcoin core Removal of internal miner)Is there something that I've missed ?

EDIT:
@lavajumper: actually you where right about rpcallowip, but in my case there were others rpcallowip definition and it wasn't the cause of my problem (0.0.0.0/24 leads to a 403 (unauthorized) error).

After upgrading the version of bitcoind (version 140100, protocolversion 70015), I was able to run it, (but during the blockchain verifcation, there were 500 errors too).

For now i'm stil not able to run it with bitcoind 130100, and i don't know why...


texts: What happen if a popular channel hub turns dishonest?

texts:
I've read and watched as many presentations as I could about the lightning network.  I have a few questions about the economic model of the network.

What would happen when a large hub turns nefarious and change the transaction state dishonestly?  I understand that everyone who has an open channel with that hub can revert and back out of the channel on their own accords.  I assume the software will send the last good state of the channel back to layer 1 - bitcoin to settle.  Wouldn't that flood the blockchain with settlement transactions?  Same thing could happen if a software glitch happen to one of the hub rendering it dishonest/buggy output (like what happened with parity in Ethereum).
Since bitcoin fee is dynamic and blocksize is limited, what happen if the fee to settle a channel exceed the value of the channel itself?  Wouldn't that mean a huge amount of fund would be deadlocked?


texts: Question about BIP70 and bitpays recent card top up changes

texts: Okay so bitpay just sent out an email that outlines some changes to their card top-up process. Apparently, they are implementing BIP70 and I am honestly not very familiar with what exactly that is. I did some research but am still very confused. Also my main question really is will this be compatible with my trezor hardware wallet? I've attached a screenshot of bitpays email. I am hoping one of you knowledgeable crypo devs could help me clarify this and if it's not compatible perhaps you could recommend the best option from here going forward. I really do not want to sacrifice my security of my trezor.


texts: I can not enable wallet, how can I enable it? already deleted disablewallet=1 from conf

texts:
how can I enable wallet in my node.
I put disablewallet=1

but now I want to enable wallet, I deleted that line... but I get no wallet...
how can I get a wallet_


texts: Where can I find historical price of altcoins?


texts: Type and Amount of Transaction in Blockchain API

texts:
I am building myself an alert program with which I want to send myself an alert via email if there are transactions ongoing at all (5) of my addresses.

I have chosen the Blockchain API because I couldn't find anything better for this.

How can I find out if this transaction is an incoming or outgoing transaction? This JSON below is one transaction from a few which i get return with the Request: https://blockchain.info/de/address/1MLnfxu3AicGcpBS4MbevCCQP8WSftkXj8?format=json

Also where can I find out how many BTCs are transferred in this one transaction.

FYI, I write a script in Python. I could parse all the 'value' values and add them together. Also i could check if my provided address, if it is in 'inputs' or in 'out'.

But isn't there a better way? Or are some better APIs out there for this?

{
   "ver":1,
   "inputs":[
      {
         "sequence":4294967295,
         "prev_out":{
            "spent":true,
            "tx_index":182562706,
            "type":0,
            "addr":"3NSHD5zB9wCMfoVXsuS9v8d6PcnKxDFKeg",
            "value":40000,
            "n":1,
            "script":"a914e3912957c315153f65bfef4322af64188ba7cdc487"
         },
         "script":"00473044022039d16bf80101ce331e93f8dd8d24e8770e3d7a8e367f2e54a86d2f4153ea5d99022048bff03a37f39180ac3b18d8619f6d450a4b3ec9ebf4bf24f598b16348187e550147304402203df2d77fefe694a5b58a1c77af3d73c75eab5bbe36fec3c1c7364fc7b9f4b367022048a80b164ada45a4b734586e6e6f2f3f624415287a346ef84bc3c6b63e67808f0147522102265981c8d731915bee94597c8f7fce92819ab37245b9c6b1f2f011015161adf02103c511b8fe3a5e60ad16bb14b0865f8a3f192ddb386c4f8d23f72edd24764e0e2352ae"
      },
      {
         "sequence":4294967295,
         "prev_out":{
            "spent":true,
            "tx_index":183105717,
            "type":0,
            "addr":"3NSHD5zB9wCMfoVXsuS9v8d6PcnKxDFKeg",
            "value":14980000,
            "n":0,
            "script":"a914e3912957c315153f65bfef4322af64188ba7cdc487"
         },
         "script":"0047304402202ec3a4c1bf1aa386f8db24e2ec0434f5224890ea9c510b067f03a39c1d69325a0220154ffb2d6f54875faa0ee2de10a78ace2fff30595a88732937e2827bddeab1ea01483045022100e8ee555d0cdf09a7803fbffdca4da3498393748f1ff52f10abfbfe6920bc118702202f7ffc9ff6289cfc17e26004298d6ce4379451fd3cb29399d7adf30e704dc10e0147522102265981c8d731915bee94597c8f7fce92819ab37245b9c6b1f2f011015161adf02103c511b8fe3a5e60ad16bb14b0865f8a3f192ddb386c4f8d23f72edd24764e0e2352ae"
      }
   ],
   "block_height":436110,
   "relayed_by":"176.126.247.116",
   "out":[
      {
         "spent":true,
         "tx_index":185011579,
         "type":0,
         "addr":"1PHdd9DpdHtxNeVeqkEbBu1pBoDcTws6kx",
         "value":5066000,
         "n":0,
         "script":"76a914f477fe7c4a0fce5dbc7c174ba2ab5d9ab27fe91d88ac"
      },
      {
         "spent":false,
         "tx_index":185011579,
         "type":0,
         "addr":"1MLnfxu3AicGcpBS4MbevCCQP8WSftkXj8",
         "value":9834000,
         "n":1,
         "script":"76a914df208b39050b2a3f1166216efda0855cc4df8aae88ac"
      },
      {
         "spent":false,
         "tx_index":185011579,
         "type":0,
         "addr":"3NSHD5zB9wCMfoVXsuS9v8d6PcnKxDFKeg",
         "value":60000,
         "n":2,
         "script":"a914e3912957c315153f65bfef4322af64188ba7cdc487"
      }
   ],
   "lock_time":0,
   "result":99980000,
   "size":627,
   "time":1477558874,
   "tx_index":185011579,
   "vin_sz":2,
   "hash":"1806396e0a7fa220d5626dae7ee4a5caa3b35d333f1885d25a440d256701bba4",
   "vout_sz":3
}


texts: How to find Z value of multisig transaction?

texts:
for example this transaction: http://2coin.org/txinfo.aspx?txid=6c3dc603da32bba3f56f2b33053aaf0f0f17322386c0c6846786bffe49f6ef22&cur=BTC

Script not of right size to be a scriptSig, expecting 2 but got 4


texts: Bitcoin automatically diverted to bech32 address

texts:
I sent bitcoin to an address starting 3Cn using Electrum but the blockchain viewers seem to show that it has gone to an address beginning bc1 as shown in the link below.

Transaction Viewer

How can this happen? Is there a way I can recover the funds?


texts: What is the definition of a P2P exchange?

texts:
Bitcointalk member BTCLuke suggested the following six criterion for a P2P Exchange:

A P2P Distributed Exchange MUST:

Be without any central points of failure, since a government or two WILL be coming after it one day. I suggest a Bitorrent-like software schematic.
Show everyone a very large number of possible trades to choose from, (thousands?) so assets can form a stable price. (e.g. a Bitcoin is going for $120)
Transact trades pretty much INSTANTANEOUSLY, so when you're watching a graph and want to trade at a very specific time you can do so. (This is extremely important for arbitragers and other traders who help keep the price fluctuation down.)
Offer Graphs and APIs for for graphing like MtGox does.
Have three-user (trustless) trading, so a non-interested 3rd party always hosts the trade between the buyer and seller. (And should provide Escrow too!)
Hold and transfer IOUs without the need for trust

Does there exist a whitepaper or open sourced project that has a solution for all six criterion? Furthermore, who in the community has been working on P2P exchanges and what regulations would impact them?


texts: Why bitcoin private key WIF format always be started in K or L?

texts:
According to https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Wallet_import_format,
the bitcoin private wif format key is create by below step.
And it says that the compressed wif key always start with 'K' or 'L',
this mean 80+private-key+01/ mod 58' last result is always 18 or 19.
I know the big number mod 58 will result in 0-57,
why the last remainder of wif key mod 58 always is 18 or 19
Would someone give me Mathematical Proof of this?

 #1 take a private key
 priv='d7c9e36a4d31039d4b94a43246a4a5f0767f2f55ef9a359901c82c41fb1e4bff'
 compressed='01'

 #2 add version
 version='80' #mainnet
 priv=version+priv+compressed

 #3 perform double hash-256 of priv in step#2
 checksum=dhash256(priv.decode('hex'))

 #4 get first 4 bytes for checksum
 checksum=checksum.encode('hex')[0:8]

 #5 add checksum to priv in step#2
 wifhash=priv+checksum

 #6 final bash58encode
 wif= b58encode(wifhash.decode('hex'))

 # compressed --> K or L
 print wif

 #compressed: L4TB9Z3dXeKW4tyF7EVqbczrEA5hjSdjG1QvBd1CeYTQHm2YincA


texts: What is type 'pubkey' in a scriptpubkey output from getrawtransaction?

texts:
Here is an output from getrawtransaction:

{
  ...
  "vout": [
    {
      "value": 12.50000000,
      "n": 0,
      "scriptPubKey": {
    "asm": "03d81b3d2ac76e322dcb2e713cb8fdeaf68cb83406c0e4d28dcd10a880ef172a6a OP_CHECKSIG",
    "hex": "2103d81b3d2ac76e322dcb2e713cb8fdeaf68cb83406c0e4d28dcd10a880ef172a6aac",
    "reqSigs": 1,
    "type": "pubkey",
    "addresses": [
      "mwzWcEU4kBkJPSTgB8LSBfvyaEjdXmyGh7"
    ]
      }
    },
    ...
  ],
  ...
}

What is a pubkey type? I could not find any reference to this.

Here is the output of decodescript on the script:

{
    "result": {
        "asm": "03d81b3d2ac76e322dcb2e713cb8fdeaf68cb83406c0e4d28dcd10a880ef172a6a OP_CHECKSIG",
        "reqSigs": 1,
        "type": "pubkey",
        "addresses": [
            "1HUZKBP5wAK3cKz4TZN4MkieiF8vbyNvpE"
        ],
        "p2sh": "3469piMXSTikVAdrSC791pQGxQb8pNXhua"
    },
    "error": null,
    "id": null
}


texts: Which book would you recommend to learn Bitcoin programming?

texts:
There are three books I'm aware of for learning Bitcoin programming:
Mastering Bitcoin (2nd edition) by Andreas Antonopoulos, Programming
Bitcoin by Jimmy Song and Grokking Bitcoin by Kalle Rosenbaum. Which
would you recommend?
I'm a junior full stack web developer.

This question was asked by Hasan Hasan.


texts: How Often Is "Contributors" Section Updated on Bitcoin.Org

texts: Believe I have a screenshot of contributors organized by number of commits that can be found here. Does anyone know how often this list is updated? Currently I count 361 contributors on that list bit the github repo here list 786 contributors, leading me to believe it has been a while.


texts: What does verifying a fake transaction mean?

texts:
Dear China: please ban bitcoin mining.
Four large Chinese mining pools control almost 60% of bitcoin supply and could in theory collude to verify a fake transaction: Goldman

https://twitter.com/zerohedge/status/1396165860792934407
Which mining pools control 60% of bitcoin supply?
Which theory is mentioned in the tweet?


texts:
I am trying to make sense of Ripple's ledger.

My question:  Is there one ledger, known as the Consensus Ledger, or are there two ledgers: known as Conensus ledger and Validation ledger?

Context:  I was reading about the ledger on Ripple's site.  I understand that transactions first go through a consensus phase and then go through a validation phase. Is each phase its own ledger?


texts: Is the Bitcoin protocol secure if two parts of the network have no connection?

texts:
I'm trying to understand the Bitcoin protocol, and I have a security scenario.

Let's assume that today between the internet connection between Europe and America is lost.
John is in Europe
John sends money to Henry while he is in Europe.

Then John saves his wallet to a CD and travels to America, were he uses another computer. The connection between Europe and America is still broken.

Can John send the same money to another Bitcoin client? In America nobody knows what John did in Europe.

If he can send the same money again in America, what will happen when America and Europe reconnect?

Edit after Murch's answer:

I have a new story, it is the same except for some little modifications.

John is a bad boy. He cracked Alton's router and put him into a fake network. This network includes some (fake) Bitcoin peers that don't have a connection to internet.
John, Alton and other peers are located in an isolated network.
John sends money to Alton. Alton and the other isolated peers confirm this transaction, but it is not confirmed in the global block chain yet. Now, Alton thinks that he has the money.
John takes his wallet and connects to internet. And sends the same money to his other account. This transaction is confirmed in global block chain.
John releases Alton's router, now Alton can connect to internet.
When Alton connects to internet he will see that his transaction is unconfirmed in the global block chain.

I think Alton needs a service to confirm that he had a real transaction and it is confirmed in global block chain.

Are there a service like this? I don't know do we really need a service to confirm transactions?


texts: I noticed that sending a transaction actually means sending your entire wallet amount to the person and you get change back?

texts:
I just noticed that when you send an amount to someone. You actually send them the entire wallet amount and then it gets sent back as change. Is this true and why was it implemented in this way?

Also since it gets sent back as change, how would this affect a paper wallet? Does the same apply? Currently I have a paper wallet and I sent some coins to another wallet from my paper one. I hope everything is still safe.


texts: Is it logical to use “Proof-of-Authority” for a “public” blockchain?

texts:
According parity.io website:

  Proof-of-Authority is a replacement for Proof-of-Work, which can be
  used for private chain setups.

And also:

  The chain has to be signed off by the majority of authorities, in
  which case it becomes a part of the permanent record. This makes it
  easier to maintain a private chain and keep the block issuers
  accountable.

And also:

  PoA networks are well-suited to regulated industries where entities
  responsible for maintaining the network (authorities) need to be
  known, rather than remain anonymous as in mining-based chains like
  Bitcoin and Ethereum.

It is underlined to use Proof-of-Authority for a private chain.

What is the reason? And Is it logical to use "Proof-of-Authority" for a "public" blockchain, in sense of keeping decentralization?


texts: Are there any web wallets around with open APIs?

texts: For a long while, blockchain.info offered a web wallet with a convenient web API, but it recently turned out that it now requires an installation to function. I'm wondering - are there any other reputable web wallets out there for developers, with open APIs for sending / receiving coins that don't require an installation of any sorts?


texts: "State of the Coin 2012" and the mention of Satoshi Dice

texts:
Jeff Garzik in his presentation "State of the Coin 2012" put the following slide:

Bitcoin development
Like trying to fix and upgrade a car,
While the car is going 100 m.p.h.,
With users fighting over the driver's seat,
Including one big burly driver named
SatoshiDice,
All of whom do not really listen to the mechanic,
Who will lose all their money if the car crashes.
And this is what we call fun!

What did he mean by that reference to SatoshiDice? I wouldn't want to not get any possible jokes, hints or allegations ;).


texts:
As a relatively new user, I have only generated a handful of public addresses. Usually, to move to a newly discovered and preferred wallet.

I’ve only recently learned that a single seed phrase can generate multiple key pairs, And each private key can generate multiple public addresses.

Nonetheless, I’ve heard the old wisdom of generating a new address for each transaction, but have no idea how to sensibly put this into practice, or why.

As new users, should we be learning about utilizing many public addresses for our transactions, or is it just fine to use one?


texts:
I'm just watching Adam Back & Gregory Maxwell: Blockstream and Sidechains interview, and wondering how the decision of further Bitcoin core development are made. I know about Bitcoin Foundation, but I do not think that board members represent majority of voting power, when it comes to decision making for bitcoin core development, altough there are some core development members.

Who does make the decision which feature of bitcoin to include?

What will be the procedure of voting (who and how) would decide whether or not to include Sidechains?

Does the participant nodes (roughly more than 6300) vote as well?


texts: Exchange Transaction/Widthrawal Fees - i don't get it

texts:
Guys i am trying to understand how does a 'transaction fee' work and 'widthrawal fee' work on all BTC Exchanges.

Let's simply things and assume i want to BUY BTC on an Exchange that has 0.45% fee for transaction.

The BTC Price currently is 1000$
I have 500$ meaning i would buy 0.5BTC.

Ok, so i paid the Exchange 500$ and created an BUY Order.
Immediately in a second it was Matched with a opposite order that was:
SELL 3 BTC @ 1000$

So i Got my 0.5BTC for 500$
And his order is now 2.5BTC @ 1000$

1) So do i have my 0.5BTC or it was reduced by 0.48% ?
Giving: 0.5BTC - (0.5BTC * 0.048) = 0.5 - 0.024 = 0,476BTC ?

2) What if my Order was partially filled (0.25BTC and 0.25BTC) - does that mean that the fee is applied to both 0.25BTC and 0.25BTC or for the Sum (0.5)


texts:
Running multiple Bitcoin nodes on same network
That post discussed it, but I need a little more help than that. I am not totally sure what to do with the config file and the add node.

Where can I get more detailed instructions. Thanks for the help. One node is a nodl the other is on a Windows PC


texts: What happens if I fork an older block chain and rejoin the network later?

texts:
Let's call it a "time machine attack".

Suppose I have an isolated network of n clients with a significant hash rate, install my client software on that and start mining on an older blockchain.

Since the difficulty was lower back then, I get lots of blocks in very little time, but my timestamps could be forged, and the difficulty increases, but not so much as the real network difficulty (however I am fully in control of my network and can do anything on my blockchain, increasing and decreasing difficulty if I need to, faking timestamps, and so on).

As soon as my chain is longer than the official one, I rejoin the network.
What happens then? Does my longer chain overwrite the other one, effectively giving me all of the bitcoins ever generated after my split?

Update - explanation

The attacker doesn't need 51% of the computing power of the network. A single pool could start hashing from some point back in time when the difficulty was low, then increase or decrease it in order to grow the blockchain faster. The last "few" blocks could even be harder than the official network difficulty (and take days instead of minutes).
The attacker can do what he wants on his network, changing network difficulty and forging timestamps, and the length of the blockchain does not depend only on the current network difficulty. I think it's possible to generate a longer blockchain with "relatively low" hash rates (2% - 20% of the network), it could take months (instead of years) but it could be possible in theory.


texts: what prevents a miner from adding a false transaction to a block and then adding it to the block chain in PoW?

texts:
Here is what I understand, the step to PoW are:

step 1:Miner select some transactions from its mempool.

step 2:Miner tries to create a block and then broadcasts it if successful.

step 3:Other miners check if the hash of the block with the nonce results in the required hash of the block sent from the previous miner.

step 4:Once other miners verify it is added to the block chain.

What if the miner add a false transaction to a block and then create a nonce for that block. I know that it will be ignored and detected as spam. But how will other miners know that the particular block has an invalid transaction, since other miners only verify the nonce and the hash?


texts: Getting Started with a Hello World Node.js App making an API call to bitcoin.org

texts:
I have been reading around trying to find where/how you can attach a SHA256 or MD5 hash (i.e. a small chunk of data) to a Bitcoin transaction, which led to OP_RETURN, but I have yet to see exactly how you make the complete end-to-end connection, from my computer with some JSON, to a transaction created on the bitcoin.org servers (or wherever it is you are supposed to connect to).

I'm wondering if one could outline real quickly how I would go about creating my first transaction with data attached to it. (I have read about Bitcoin over the years and understand how it works and the blockchain and all that, I just don't know how to use it in practice). Do I need to install something? Or can it all be done programmatically with some library and installing nothing other than said library?

Specifically, do I need to install the 200+GB blockchain from bitcoin.org onto my computer, and become a "Full Node", in order to gain the ability to use bitcoin-core Node.js library to access the bitcoin.org API? And even, where is the API exactly? Is it HTTP, RESTful, TCP, other? Is it connecting to bitcoin.org under the hood, or some other place? Who is in charge of maintaining the API? Basically, where is the API endpoint, what domain or IP address is it at?

I don't have room to install 200+GB of data on my computer, can I install it on an external hard drive? Or better yet, can I avoid that completely and just use the (potentially) HTTP API on bitcoin.org to do a POST to create a transaction, and maybe just pass in my username and password or some token to the HTTP request?

From then I could see how to go a little further and figure out how to attach the OP_RETURN data and such. But right now I don't see where the API is and how it all connects; how you make your first transaction programmatically on this globally distributed blockchain. Please help.


texts: How do I explore the current commitment transaction for a channel?

texts:
I would like to see how a commitment transaction for a given payment channel looks like (without actually closing the channels and transmitting the transaction to the network :)
I assume that all of the building blocks (such as balances) are somewhere in channel.db. Is there a way to quickly get this information out and construct the commitment transaction out of it without much coding?


texts: Is hashing an optional step to use with public key cryptography for blockchain

texts:
I am confused by the public key cryptography versions that I've read so far. Are the steps optional, dependable on the types of blockchain or they are referring to different methods?

Version 1 =========

Alice to Bob

Step 1. Content > Hash > Digest > Encrypt with Alice's private key > Digital Signature

Step 2. Digital Signature > Encrypt with Alice's private key + Bob's public key > Digest

Step 3. Send digest to Bob

In the above steps, Alice uses private key TWICE. First to encrypt the content's digest. Second time encrypt together with Bob's public key.

Is hashing optional?

Is the hash generated automatically once it is encrypted with Alice's private key?

Or encrypting with Alice's private key step is optional?

Is step 2 optional too? or are all the above steps automated?

Bob received

Step 1. Digest > Alice's public key > Content

Step 2. Digest > Bob's private key > Content

=

=

Version 2 =========

Alice to Bob

Step1. Alice generates the keys pair

Step2. Alice gives Bob her public key

Step3. Alice encrypts content with her own private key

In the above steps, Alice didn't hash the content first.

Bob received

Step1. Bob decrypts with Alice's public key

What if someone else has Alice's public key, aren't they able to decrypt it too?

=

=

Version 3 =========

Alice to Bob

Step1. Alice encrypts with Bob's public key

Bob received

Step1. Bob decrypts with his own private key

=

=


texts: How do you derive the public key from you random 256-bits integer?

texts:
Once I've flipped a fair coin 256 times and have the random 256 bits integer that I'm going to use as my private key, how is the public key derived?

I've read:

Given a private key, how do you get a public address

And:

https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Address

But I don't find the answer to my question. I understand ECDSA curves are used but I don't understand which part is the public key and what's the relation between the (unique?) public key and the addresses which you give out.

If you convert the private key to a public key by performing a multiplication with the curve's base point, then it begs the question: what is the curve's base point?

Is the curve's base point part of the private key?

Which would mean that what is called the "private key" isn't really just a "private key" but more of a keypair from which you can, at any time, derive the public key?


texts: Does the chain become computationally more expensive to validate over time?

texts: Since there is only one chain per coin, doesn't that mean it becomes computationally more expensive to validate the chain the older the coin is and the longer the chain becomes?


texts: Failed to start bitcoind using Ubuntu 20.10

texts:
I keep getting this error when I run sudo systemctl start bitcoind.service
Job for bitcoind.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status bitcoind.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
When I input sudo journalctl -xe I get this.
░░ The job identifier is 6033.
abr 15 16:16:36 sats-desktop bitcoind[7207]: Error: Error parsing command line arguments: Invalid parameter -daemonwait
abr 15 16:16:36 sats-desktop systemd[1]: bitcoind.service: Control process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
░░ Subject: Unit process exited
░░ Defined-By: systemd
░
░░
░░ An ExecStart= process belonging to unit bitcoind.service has exited.
░░
░░ The process' exit code is 'exited' and its exit status is 1.
abr 15 16:16:36 sats-desktop systemd[1]: bitcoind.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
░░ Subject: Unit failed
░░ Defined-By: systemd
░░ ░░ The unit bitcoind.service has entered the 'failed' state with result 'exit-code'.
abr 15 16:16:36 sats-desktop systemd[1]: Failed to start Bitcoin daemon.
░░ Subject: A start job for unit bitcoind.service has failed
░░ Defined-By: systemd
░░ ░░ A start job for unit bitcoind.service has finished with a failure.
░░
░░ The job identifier is 6033 and the job result is failed.
abr 15 16:16:36 sats-desktop systemd[1]: bitcoind.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 5.
░░ Subject: Automatic restarting of a unit has been scheduled
░░ Defined-By: systemd
░░ Support:  ░░ Automatic restarting of the unit bitcoind.service has been scheduled, as the result for
░░ the configured Restart= setting for the unit.
abr 15 16:16:36 sats-desktop systemd[1]: Stopped Bitcoin daemon.
░░ Subject: A stop job for unit bitcoind.service has finished
░░ Defined-By: systemd
░░ ░░ A stop job for unit bitcoind.service has finished.
░░
░░ The job identifier is 6113 and the job result is done.
abr 15 16:16:36 sats-desktop systemd[1]: bitcoind.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
abr 15 16:16:36 sats-desktop systemd[1]: bitcoind.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
░░ Subject: Unit failed
░░ Defined-By: systemd
░░
░░
░░ The unit bitcoind.service has entered the 'failed' state with result 'exit-code'.
abr 15 16:16:36 sats-desktop systemd[1]: Failed to start Bitcoin daemon.
░░ Subject: A start job for unit bitcoind.service has failed
░░ Defined-By: systemd
░░
░░
░░ A start job for unit bitcoind.service has finished with a failure.
░░
░░ The job identifier is 6113 and the job result is failed.
lines 1841-1894/1894 (END)
When I input systemctl status bitcoind.service I get this:
bitcoind.service - Bitcoin daemon
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/bitcoind.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2021-04-15 14:13:16 CEST; 21min ago
Process: 5604 ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/bitcoind -daemonwait -pid=/run/bitcoind/bitcoind.pid -conf=/home/sats/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf -datadir=/home/sats/.bitcoin (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
abr 15 14:13:16 sats-desktop systemd[1]: bitcoind.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 5.
abr 15 14:13:16 sats-desktop systemd[1]: Stopped Bitcoin daemon.
abr 15 14:13:16 sats-desktop systemd[1]: bitcoind.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
abr 15 14:13:16 sats-desktop systemd[1]: bitcoind.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
abr 15 14:13:16 sats-desktop systemd[1]: Failed to start Bitcoin daemon.
~
Some idea how can I solve the problem??


texts:
I have some questions about the mining mechanism.

1) After the block has been mined (and the miner found the nonce for the proof of work) the block is broadcast to the network. Are the transactions in the mined block also verified by the other nodes in the network, after checking the correctness of the nonce by the network?

If so, how many confirmation nodes are needed to say "Yes, this mined block contains correct transactions! Let's add it to the blockchain"? If it isn't so, can a miner mine a block with incorrect transactions and then broadcast it into the network?

2) Can a well mined block be rejected by the network? Maybe by some malicious host ?


texts: Backing up wallet with pen and paper, destroying electronic copy, restoring from keyboard -- how?

texts:
I have bitcoinQT with some coins on it.  I want to use the internet on a regular basis from this computer.  I do not trust the authors of internet applications and commercial operating systems.  I especially do not trust the manufacturers of printers.  I also do not trust that there will never come a day when burglars (or polite young men with a writ, same thing) with guns break into my home and take away all computing devices and storage media they can find.

It is my intent to use a pen and paper to write down public key and address, and destroy all trace of bitcoin addresses currently holding value from all electronic media.  That which is not stored electronically - at all - is secure from all possible electronic snoops and all possible thieves of equipment, as well as from equipment malfunction.  That which does not exist, even in encrypted form on storage media, cannot even be shown to have ever existed.

But having done so -- what exactly do I need to type, at keyboard, into a text file, to create something that bitcoinQT, when started with no known wallet on the machine (as though for the first time) knows how to import?  What exact format?  And how exactly do I tell bitcoinQT to import it?


texts: Am I legally allowed to accept fiat currency online and return a counterparty asset/token?

texts: I want to sell the tokens (counterparty asset) for my online game via standard shopping cart. Is that "legal" or is my only option to trade BTC for the token via exchange?


texts:
Here is an odd situation, I believe.
I THINK I created a Bitcoin account many years ago. It seems there was a site that gave bitcoin to people who signed up. It was just a few. My sister sent me a link.
Problem is, I do not remember where it was. What information do I need to have to try and track down this account? Is it even possible?


texts: Exit bitcoind gracefully in a bash script

texts:
I'm writing a bash script for some Bitcoin / Lightning experiments. I want to start bitcoind in the background (and also LN instances, but they are not the focus of this question). I want the script to shutdown bitcoind gracefully and exit on Ctrl+C. This is my attempt to implement this:

#!/bin/bash

echo "Starting bitcoind in the background..."
bitcoind &
sleep 5
echo "bitcoind started."
BITCOIND_PID=$!
echo $BITCOIND_PID

cleanup() {
    echo 'cleaning up'
    pkill $BITCOIND_PID
    exit
}

trap "cleanup" INT

# Run the script until we stop it
wait

This script produces the following output:

<some bitcoind output>
bitcoind started.
18574
2019-09-17T14:12:20Z Adding fixed seed nodes as DNS doesn't seem to be available.
^C2019-09-17T14:14:07Z tor: Thread interrupt
cleaning up
2019-09-17T14:14:07Z opencon thread exit
2019-09-17T14:14:07Z torcontrol thread exit
2019-09-17T14:14:07Z addcon thread exit
2019-09-17T14:14:07Z Shutdown: In progress...
2019-09-17T14:14:07Z net thread exit
sergei:~$ 2019-09-17T14:14:07Z msghand thread exit
2019-09-17T14:14:07Z scheduler thread interrupt
2019-09-17T14:14:07Z Dumped mempool: 2e-06s to copy, 0.004053s to dump
2019-09-17T14:14:07Z [default wallet] Releasing wallet
2019-09-17T14:14:07Z Shutdown: done

Then I have to press Ctrl+C once again to exit the script.

How do I make the script shutdown bitcoind first and then exit automatically?

Related: How to use Ctrl+C to kill all background processes started in a Bash script?, Best way to kill processes created by bash script?.


texts: which cryptocurrency using Slasher algorithm for Proof of Stake mining process?

texts:
Ethash algorithm for PoW mining process on my own cryptocurrency. I need to use Slasher algorithm instead of Ethash algorithm for Proof of Stake process.

My question is Which cryptocurrency using Slasher algorithm for Proof of Stake mining process?.
This answer is more helpful for my further process.


texts: Why does Bitfinex allow shorting with BTC as collateral?

texts: I made a mistake today where I shorted BTC on Bitfinex using BTC as collateral. Why is this even possible, I cant figure out why someone would want to do that?


texts: Did Blockchain just ripped me of my bitcoin?

texts: I just completed my backup phrase security setup with blockchain after I was prompted to click finish. As soon as I click it the account confirmed a transaction I did not do transferring almost all my bitcoin to an unknown address. Could someone explain to me what happened and if I can get back my fund?


texts: Is DNSSec needed / Possible with namecoin?

texts:
I'm interested in the most secure and reliable Namecoin DNS resolution as possible, although I admit I don't fully understand how these concepts relate to each other (Namecoin and DNS)

Is DNSSec needed or possible with Namecoin based DNS services?  Would that come at a higher "cost"  (more namecoins are needed?)


texts: How to get statistics about Bitcoin users?

texts:
Because each Bitcoin user can operate multiple Bitcoin clients and wallets, and not every user runs the client constantly, it seems very difficult to gather data about the Bitcoin community.

It's clear that many people in the community will want to remain anonymous (for good reason, if they hold a large amount of value in their wallet), and that collection of statistics in the Bitcoin client app would not be a popular option. Having read about malware that mines bitcoins, it's even possible that botnets may run a bitcoin client too. Even if such a collection technique was palatable, it couldn't be depended upon.

If statistics were gathered on a per-user basis rather than a per-client basis, a whole new data set could provide valuable information to the community, such as growth, feature popularity/desirability, usage preferences etc. Is there any mechanism with which a substantial quantity of real user data could be (or is being) collected reliably? Facebook comes to mind as a possibility, but even Facebook is easy to create fake accounts in.


texts: What are the pros and cons of P2P mining pools?

texts: I've heard P2P mining pools are the answer to the current threat of mining pools controlling 51% of Bitcoin's hashing power.  Is this true or not true?  Does anyone have a supporting or critical assessment of P2P mining pools? What are the trade offs? Thanks in advance.


texts: need the stratum url for zpool for sha-256

texts:
I'd like to use Zpool with my S9. I need the stratum URL to use for sha-256.

They give examples for X11 and Scrypt.

For example I could use the following:

Bitmain D3 Settings:
URL: x11.mine.zpool.ca:3533#xnsub
Worker: XkurctD63DTsfx7hEuHqS3dC9wQmu4qFtN
Password: c=dash,d=92

Bitmain L3+ Settings:
URL: scrypt.mine.zpool.ca:3433#xnsub
Worker: LeDKeCAUVAxhSk1L3XDN2EV1b7dHVjTcqz
Password: c=ltc,d=128000

I guess my issues are:

is the algo for the url sha256 or sha-256
what is the port to use at the end of the url? (looks like different ones based on algo)
what is #xnsub ? Is it needed?


texts: Need Help with Gitian-Builder - Missing Signer Error

texts:
I'm having a hard time finishing this project. I'm very frustrated and I really need your help.

I'm trying to create the QT wallet for Windows & Linux.

I have already cloned a masternode and I'm stuck dealing with this error.

I have already installed the KVM virtual machine and the LXC.

So when I tried running the gitian-build.sh, I get the missing signer error. I have read that I dont need the signer unless is wrong info.

How do I fix this problem.

Thank You.