texts: Selection of dependent variables - Time series regression on Bitcoin Price in USD

texts:
We are doing a time series regression project to identify the variables that impacts the bitcoin price in USD. We came up with the following explanatory variables:

1) GDPs of US, Canada, Europe, China, Slovenia, Singapore and Japan.

2) Aggregate computing/processing power: We don't know which index to use here.

3) Inflation rates of the previously mentioned economies

4) Activity on TOR browser (downloads for instance)

5) Number of vendors accepting bitcoin payments

6) financial sector's and IT sector's GDP for the aforementioned countries

7) Crime rate and cyber crime rate in each period

8) Dummy variable for major events. (for instance the shut down of the Silk Road online marketplace by the FBI)

9) Stock indices such as S&P 500, DOW 30, Nikkei 225, NASDAQ, NYSE, and ...etc.

10) Inflation rate of the previously mentioned economies

If multicollinearity exists between some of the independent variables, they can be combined into 1 variable via linear transformation.

What do you think about the explanatory variables suggested above? Can you suggest other explanatory variables that would increase the R squared, AIC, BIC, and other related quality measures?


texts: Why does Electrum keep creating receiving addresses?

texts:
Everytime I open Electrum up, a new address for receiving is generated.
Why is this happening? Is it supposed to generate so many addresses?
I have over 20 receiving address at the moment.
This seems to happen every time I start up Electrum for the first time after boot.
Any insight would be greatly appreciated!


texts:
GPU mining is the way to go, as at August 2011, until something better arrives on the market. There are plenty of GPUs out there, but only a handful offer the best performance when comparing total number of Bitcoins generated vs. power consumed vs. initial purchase cost of the chip.

Which GPUs provide the best performance in regards to Bitcoin Generation vs. Power Consumption?


texts: Generating Output Script from Bitcoin.js or other Javascript Library

texts:
I'm attempting to use the Ledger Wallet API to sign a multi-sig transaction. The API works as follows:

var inputs = [
  [ "71f97fa2a21486ecd99674a8ae068d92acd2e9db49c199473be39984e6cbe0f6", "00000000" ],
  [ "171e6a969ff196a2cfaaba4780c292e33fc297672a065cc5c5c684727cf9e3ba", "00000001" ]
];

var scripts = [
"52210289b4a3ad52a919abd2bdd6920d8a6879b1e788c38aa76f0440a6f32a9f1996d02103a3393b1439d1693b063482c04bd40142db97bdf139eedd1b51ffb7070a37eac321030b9a409a1e476b0d5d17b804fcdb81cf30f9b99c6f3ae1178206e08bc500639853ae",
"522102afe2165371442437b86089a17e8d1c26d127e3723b19f568e9c11e326946111521032d139518b16c112d5f1a52157f1468c0b7a570c41673debee8cd2e53eb084df12103b13fe78b0320ceb77795c87ed72069f12edf64169d15f8f9827f0bb4fdbe760f53ae"
];

var paths = [
  "44'/0'/0'/0/0/0/1",
  "44'/0'/0'/0/0/0/2",
];

var outputs_number = 2
var outputs_script = "40420f00000000001976a91496986c2703c6b311c884bf916d28621bc61e8b7a88acdc0c03000000000017a914ddf0a9f3e0c9822feef702d36dee6c0bd2bf7c6d87"

Ledger.signP2SH(inputs, scripts, outputs_number, outputs_script, paths);

I have everything working except generating the outputs_script - I know there are ways to construct this manually, but I have to assume there's a mechanism within one of the javascript libraries out there. I found in the bitcoin.js library a method which will turn an address into an output script:

var outScript = bitcoin.address.toOutputScript("1LRVwrvGF6XxQbCzqEBG71cPv9RrF8Uu5P")

But that doesn't incorporate value or multiple addresses. How can I generate just the output script component, for a primary and change address, from a Javascript library?


texts: Whats the process of Creating a Block on the BlockChain

texts:
have been mining on pools and blindly going a long for the ride of

> generating a block

Can somebody walk through the process in simple terms of the steps involved in creating a block on the blockchain ?

What determines what transactions get included on the block we are mining ?


texts: how long does it take for an mining machine to exhaust 2^32 in minutes and what is the actual speed of mining machines?

texts:
Mining is usually about taking the double sha.
most if not all mining machines such as bitminer's machines usually give some indications for example 1TH/sec per second. Do they count the double sha as one hash operation or does it mean that they count the double sha as two operations.

Wait, even more interestingly, 1 TH/sec means literally 1 terahash per second. Meaning that we can do 1 trillion operations per second !
Does that not mean that I could exhaust a given nonce in less than a second ?! given that we are dealing with only ~4 billion values ?
Assuming that within the ~4 billion values there is one that validates the block, we find a solution in less than a second !
So it aint making sense to me that it takes so long and is so difficult to be a successful solo miner.


texts: Where is the safest place to trade? Open account? Wallet?

texts: I know nothing of bitcoin and would really appreciate any help and suggestions.


texts: the real purpose of mod inverse in bitcoin for creating public key

texts:
I understand the function of mod inverse, however I really have no idea why this is important with process of creating public key. What does this function do, what value do we get it? Can someone explain it like to a 5 year old please.

Thanks


texts: Was bitcoin the first to use SEED phrase for recovering account?

texts:
I am trying to recall/determine if the coins I had on a USB stick was indeed bitcoins or not.  I sold an Item a long time ago (Either 2006ish or 2009-2010) and someone offered to pay me in coins.  Of course I laughed about it back then but decided to do it since it was like 100 bucks.  He gave me two types of coin, first one he called old and he gave me around 12-14k of it and then he also gave me a new type of coin 3-4k of them.  I recalled it had a Japanese name cause I thought he was joking.  Years later I eventually found that USB stick and saw a folder with the old coins which at that point from what I read online had zero value and was shutdown by the govt.   But there was another file with random words on there.  I recall a few of these words and they are all in the Legacy ELECTRUM dictionary.  At the time I forgot that I had gotten two types of coin and ended up deleted everything.  Recently I the piece of paper popped up out of no where and once again I was forgot about it and ended up throwing it away.   I took pictures of it but it was so blurry I deleted them as well.
I have been trying to backtrack my timeline to see if I really did lose millions in bitcoins due to pure stupidity.  I have been dealing with an overwhelming feeling of grief and guilt recently and I am hoping with the help of you nice folks I can put an end to this.  At this point I would rather hear what I had was not bitcoins.
So really the questions that needs to be answer to know the truth.

Was bitcoin the first to use a seed phrase design.

Going by the amount of coins I got it would mean the value of bitcoin at the time was still very low.  If it is bitcoin then the only timeframe that make sense would have been around 2009 up to mid 2010.  When you create a bitcoin account by then, do you get a seed phrase or was it just a private key back then.  From what I read the first wallet to use seed phrase was ELECTRUM so if that is true then what I had can't be bitcoins.

Was there a timeframe when 2 types of virtual coins existed at same time.  values for these coins were really low..  14k = 100 bucks or so..

The things that points to what I had was bitcoin - seed phrase and a sheet of paper with what looks like a private key.  Also the words I recall in the text file are in the legacy ELECTRUM seed phrase dictionary.
The things that do not point it as bitcoin.  Per info online, ELECTRUM did not come out till 2013 so there is no way when he sent me those coins they were bitcoin.  Assuming no seed phrases were used for bitcoin prior.
I have try to look online for any info that could prove or disapprove these questions but I feel a lot of info has been lost over time.  Hopefully someone on here that has been around for a long time knows the answer.  Thanks in advance!


texts: Recover Greenbits address - I have the 24 words (checksum matches too)

texts:
In April 3rd, 2018, I created a bitcoin wallet with Greenbits and sent 0.02 BTC to it (tx)
I wrote down the 24 words in 2 columns in a paper, alternatively in each column. So the 1st one in the 1st, column, the second one in the second column, the 3rd one in the 1st, column, etc. I'm quite sure I didn't set a password because that option wasn't given to me with the Greenbits version I used (I installed that one now to see how it was and see if repeating the process would give me some clue)
I had to wipe my phone and reinstall Green. When trying to restore the wallet and entering the words, it says 'login failed'. The checksum matches, because the OK button turns green.
Some more info. I also wrote down a 3-letter word ('lns') on a corner of the paper. Not quite sure what it means. Also, on the back, an alphanumeric 16-character string with numbers and letters, all lowercase. Also, not sure what it means. I'd say it wasn't written on that day because it's written in a different color.
Here are all the things I've tried, all unsuccessfully so far

Writing the seed word in another order: first the first column, then the second one. The checksum doesn't match, so I assume that the right order was the one I described before (I know now that this fancy ordering is probably a bad idea)
Trying out different letters for the extra 3 words starting with l, n and s - didn't work as the checksum didn't match for most of them

I don't have the nlocktimes.zip file so can't use garecovery to try to recover my wallet.
AFAIK, Green/Greenbits use a 2 of 2 multisig setup, where Blockstream stores the other key. That would make it hard / impossible to brute force different combinations of the 24 words I have.
What else could I try?


texts: How to transfer bitcoins to my Indian bank or PayPal account?

texts:
I have recently joined free bitcoin and opened an account on Blockchain.info. I have studied the FAQ, but still I am not sure about how to transfer to PayPal and am unable to understand if I can withdraw directly to my PayPal account or whether I need an exchange.

Because this is a very new currency, I am not sure how to transfer my bitcoins in to my paypal account or in my Indian bank account,and please let me know the minimum withdrawal limit.


texts: What's the point of having a stack-based scripting language, if only a few standard forms are allowed?

texts: What is the purpose of a stackmachine if only some standard script forms are allowed? And why are some scripts allowed and perfectly fine in mined blocks but rejected by clients if found in transactions; what's the point of that? The more I read about script the less it makes sense.


texts: Are both CSV and nLocktime unnecessary in Eltoo?

texts: The Eltoo paper says "Notice that we could use nSequence for this purpose, but due to the interplay with OP_CSV we opted to use nLocktime". Now that Lau showed CSV not to be necessary, does that mean that there is also no reason to use nLocktime?


texts:
it is any command line to check the ammout of coins willl be create after build the wallet?

i just cloned bitcoin and changed the ammount of coins to be 10 million

MAX_MONEY = 10000000

so i would like to know if it is any command to check this value I inserted.

i know i can check
the amount in circulation using the RPC call gettxoutsetinfo


texts:
Does sendtoaddress automatically collect as many unspent outputs as needed?
Is there any way to specify the from address?
How is the fee computed? I just tested with two transactions:
a) 0.0001 xbt, fee 0.00017519
b) 0.001 xbt, fee 0.00017441.


texts:
I'm a newbie.

What is the basic equation for computing profit from mining given gigahash per second of the miner, timeframe, miner costs, and current bitcoin economy stats like mining difficulty and dollars per coin?

And what are some URLs that have these stats always up to date?

I'm looking for the equation, not an online calculator.


texts: How do I calculate what the TOTAL Wallet fees are going to be with Bitcoin-Qt v0.6.3?

texts:
The new release of BitcoinQt Wallet v0.6.3 looks much better but I still can't find out how much the total fees are to send coins.
My wallet has 0.52390169 BTC and I tried to spend it and got the message "Total exceeds your balance when the .01  BTC tranasaction fee is included" Fair enough so I reduced the spend to 0.51390169 and the get the message "Total exceeds your balance when the .23 BTC tranasaction fee is included"
This doesn't seem right or fair.
How do I calculate what the TOTAL fees are going to be?


texts: I run bitcoind in linux centos server. but it give me error "sendto: Operation not permitted". why?

texts:
root@srv [~/public_html/server/bin]# ./bitcoind -daemon

Bitcoin server starting

root@srv [~/public_html/server/bin]# sendto: Operation not permitted

What is the problem?

Also, bitcoind didn't download the blockchain in my linux centos server.

What is the reason?


texts:
I am setting up an online shop to sell digital goods. I would ideally like to accept only Bitcoin payments, however most users do not use Bitcoins or can't work it out. Therefore, I have to accept credit cards, Paypal, etc. to actually make a profit. My question: is there a service that provides all of these payment gateways but can then combine each service to a Bitcoin wallet?

For example, customer A pays by Paypal, customer B with Skrill. Both payments go into a single account where I can then withdraw the money to a Bitcoin wallet.

Thanks!


texts: What are the major components of a bitcoin full node's bandwidth usage?

texts:
A bitcoin full-node uses bandwidth to at least:

Receive each block
Send each block to other nodes

What other major components of bandwidth usage are there for a bitcoin full node in early 2018, and what proportion of the bandwidth usage does each take up?
Bandwidth usage is many times higher than that required to receive and then send 1 full block of data per block, and I'd like to understand why.


texts: How to transform a private key into an ECKey?

texts:
I´d like to construct an ECKey from a hardcoded private key but it´s not working...
First try
If I run the code in this example the key import is working just fine. But since I actually want so send money I need to import my own key...
I tried this private key L48r9sYN2dtsWHWwJ1Xez27W7a3X7RvG6obrmVgU2JLTFQeUCnkh and used this site to generate it. When I try to make the private key an ECKey like this:
ECKey key = ECKey.fromPrivate(Base58.decodeToBigInteger("L48r9sYN2dtsWHWwJ1Xez27W7a3X7RvG6obrmVgU2JLTFQeUCnkh"));

I´m getting the exception
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: private key exceeds 32 bytes: 304 bits

Second try
I tried the solution form this question with this code
String priv = "L48r9sYN2dtsWHWwJ1Xez27W7a3X7RvG6obrmVgU2JLTFQeUCnkh";
ECKey key1 = DumpedPrivateKey.fromBase58(TestNet3Params.get(), priv).getKey();

Which leads me to this exception
Exception in thread "main" org.bitcoinj.core.AddressFormatException$WrongNetwork: Version code of address did not match acceptable versions for network: 128
at org.bitcoinj.core.DumpedPrivateKey.fromBase58(DumpedPrivateKey.java:59)
at com.javamaster.TicTacToeApplication.main(TicTacToeApplication.java:42)

Third try
I tried another solution form this question
    byte[] b = priv.getBytes();
    System.out.println(priv);
    ECKey key3 = ECKey.fromPrivate(b, true);

It results in the same exception as from the second try.
What is wrong with the key? Should I use another way to generate the private key?


texts:
transaction 9 in block 251684 spends transaction 25 of block 249957. the script to be evaluated here is:

OP_PUSHDATA0(20) 16cfb9bc7654ef1d7723e5c2722fc0c3d505045e OP_SIZE OP_DUP OP_TRUE
OP_GREATERTHAN OP_VERIFY OP_NEGATE OP_HASH256 OP_HASH160 OP_SHA256 OP_SHA1
OP_RIPEMD160 OP_EQUAL

the problem i have is with how to sha256 a negative number. so far i have the following:

op: OP_PUSHDATA0(20) 16cfb9bc7654ef1d7723e5c2722fc0c3d505045e,
                    new stack: [0x16cfb9bc7654ef1d7723e5c2722fc0c3d505045e]
op: OP_SIZE,        new stack: [0x16cfb9bc7654ef1d7723e5c2722fc0c3d505045e, 20]
op: OP_DUP,         new stack: [0x16cfb9bc7654ef1d7723e5c2722fc0c3d505045e, 20, 20]
op: OP_TRUE,        new stack: [0x16cfb9bc7654ef1d7723e5c2722fc0c3d505045e, 20, 20, 1]
op: OP_GREATERTHAN, new stack: [0x16cfb9bc7654ef1d7723e5c2722fc0c3d505045e, 20, 1] (since 20 > 1)
op: OP_VERIFY,      new stack: [0x16cfb9bc7654ef1d7723e5c2722fc0c3d505045e, 20]
op: OP_NEGATE,      new stack: [0x16cfb9bc7654ef1d7723e5c2722fc0c3d505045e, -20]
op: OP_HASH256,     new stack: [0x16cfb9bc7654ef1d7723e5c2722fc0c3d505045e, ???]


texts: blockchain.info and blockexplorer.com show different balance for the same address

texts:
Does blockexplorer.com have a bug or some other reason?

https://blockexplorer.com/q/getreceivedbyaddress/1KWd23GZ4BmTMo9zcsUZXpWP4M8hmxZwRU
1.95331249

https://blockchain.info/q/getreceivedbyaddress/1KWd23GZ4BmTMo9zcsUZXpWP4M8hmxZwRU
1.90576350


texts: Removing "hub-and-spoke" property of Lightning Network?

texts:
Lightning Network is based on this idea: "Near-zero fee transactions with hub-and-spoke micropayments" (Link to the article) proposed by Peter Todd.

An article entitled: "Mathematical Proof That the Lightning Network Cannot Be a Decentralized Bitcoin Scaling Solution": (Link to the article) claims that Lightning Network works using centralized hubs.

And the same author in another article entitled: "Clarifying my Objections to the Lightning Network" claims that centralized hubs lead to economic censorship (Link to the article).

There is a new proposed approach entitled: "Ant routing algorithm for the Lightning Network" suggests a decentralized routing mechanism based on Ant colony optimization algorithms (ACO).

Can this new ant routing approach be an efficient solution to enhance decentralization of Lightning Network ? (Since it is not a hub-and-spoke model and removes all privileged nodes in the network.) (Ant routing article link)


texts: Create an OP_RETURN tx and validate it's existence in Regtest

texts:
A part of my MSc thesis is storing the hash of a string with OP_RETURN tx in the Blockchain to exist as a proof.

My main concerns are:

-how can i send this tx successfully to my regtest network

-how can i see (with a RPC) if this tx happend

I have already stored the string to a file and hash it afterwards. But I have difficulties with connecting my Java with the Regtest network.

Here is my code:

public class Main {

public static RegTestParams params = RegTestParams.get();
static BlockStore bs;
static Block b;

public static Context context = new Context(params);
public static WalletAppKit bitcoin;

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, BlockStoreException {

    WalletAppKit kit = new WalletAppKit(RegTestParams.get(), new java.io.File("."), "test");
    kit.startAsync();
    Wallet wallet = new Wallet(params);

    BlockChain chain = kit.chain();
    bs = chain.getBlockStore();
    Peer peer = kit.peerGroup().getDownloadPeer();
    b = peer.getBlock(bs.getChainHead().getHeader().getHash()).get();

    peer.addWallet(wallet);

    Address myAddress = new Address(params, "n4MN27Lk7Yh3pwfjCiAbRXtRVjs4Uk67fG");

    Writer w = new Writer();
    final File results = new File("C:\\Users\\Maria\\workspace\\blockInfo\\results.txt");
    File writtenFile;
    Sha256Hash resultHash;

    // write the results of my draw to a file
    writtenFile = w.writeToFile(results);

    // hash the contents of the file
    resultHash = w.hashTheFile(writtenFile);
    System.out.println(resultHash);

    SendRequest req;
    Transaction transaction = new Transaction(RegTestParams.get());

    // the following statement will help to create an OP_RETURN with
    // resultHash as the message
    transaction.addOutput(Coin.ZERO, ScriptBuilder.createOpReturnScript(resultHash.getBytes()));
    req = SendRequest.forTx(transaction);

}

}


texts: I would like to know how banks are controlling ripple. What are the implications with regards to transaction fees? If I sell my ripple, what do I stand to lose in terms of bank charges?


texts: Is there some reason why the mining software like sgminer, cgminer, or bgminer are not on homebrew?  I guess I'm wondering if there is a "political" reason? or if it's just not been tried yet? or is there some other reason?


texts: how to setup an ardor childchain bundler via the command line on a ubuntu server?

texts: I have setup a testnet ardor node on the command line and its synced to the testnet ardor blockchain. I want to now create an always on bundler to bundle transactions of the ignis childchain via the command line. What is the command to run a bundler for ignis?


texts: What is the most optimal way to parse a raw bitcoin block with python?

texts:
Let's say one is connected to a zmq socket and listening for rawblock. How you'd parse the block header is as follows:

block_header = raw[:80]
version = block_header[:4]
prev_merkle_root = block_header[4:36]
merkle_root = block_header[36:68]
timestamp = block_header[68:72]
bits = block_header[72:76]
nonce = blockheader[76:80]

But, what is the best way to parse all the transactions in the block? Converting a rawtx to a tx object is easy, plenty of libraries do it. But what is the best way to parse a variable length block of txs?


texts:
I'm trying to generate a signature and pass it through OP_CHECKDATASIGVERIFY as part of a P2SH address on a regtest network.  This results in the following:

Public Key:

036ab9012ecc30c30f9220d862a56c5c99b1a08d783be605406fbde8ece2807b2f

Signature:

304402200ac548d1e8b03c7d0bdfe4aedb4b13daacf2b1c2fa265afafae5d963d66a7fa702202cdb383bb3b4b4bc88403337fb2922f5166670c8bccf246e9bd5c963de93fae2

Data Signed:

7f7f9af76890ca09afc49e458a1b23fdd2e29cc061693c4b326b16e40728091a

Clientside (bitcore-lib-cash) says the signature validates and complies with the LowS check, but when submitted to the network the signature fails:

bitcore-lib-cash 0.19.0 => The signature can be verified

Bitcoin-ABC v190100 => 16: mandatory-script-verify-flag-failed (Signature must be zero for failed CHECK(MULTI)SIG operation)

Debugging via bch-deb: https://hastebin.com/gelitojuge.rb

Is there anything that looks out of the ordinary here?

UPDATE: 3/20/19 - note, this is a different, simplified full example tx

Raw TX: There are extra variables being passed in, but only a couple are currently used.

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

Script ASM:

1feedf4d49945fdfeab9669032efc447ab0db6ae87369bbeca4994f9fc4dafc6be4b1c239d77ffb910df92b732858c9cc0687e44648a3b24bd0925b4a0d1266db3 02a4b770d3adf69c1c414d08eed6572e37bdfe956c8d35027550b2d0659cf78c88 0 0 8 3 3 3 3f8147b020f3351da2cf15f133eeb2d9da072443 0 OP_DUP OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY 20 OP_PICK OP_HASH256 13 OP_PICK OP_OVER 14 OP_PICK OP_CHECKDATASIGVERIFY

Input Script Hash:

bdb4b1cbd79af7137ff1771cea2c3f818bf35884962bbbea6013ec6c75b865b0

UPDATE 3/23

Simplified TX with only data pushes, OP_CDSV, and OP_true: https://hastebin.com/raw/retabokura

Update 3/29/19: My signing process: https://hastebin.com/magehodufu.js


texts: What is the best way to differentiate users' balances in a shared wallet?

texts: first time posting around here. I have been thinking about an application that would highly depend on the use of bitcoin for the best user experience. A shared wallet for all users currently seems like the best option since we're talking about users making multiple micro transactions here (not actual transactions in the bitcoin network), with a database always keeping track of who is entitled to what amount of BTC inside the platform. Users would initially have to send BTC to a shared address, thus "funding" their account. But what would be the ideal way to confirm that a user has sent, say, 1 BTC to the shared address and then associating their account with this specific value in my database? I have been thinking about some solutions but would love to hear from all of you. Thanks in advance!


texts: Does a miner (or mining pool) who has 10x as much hashing power have 10x the odds of mining a block?

texts: I heard somewhere that joining a mining pool logarithmically increases your odds of mining a block.. is that for some reason true?  Or was it someone who didn't know what they were talking about and it would be be a linear increase in the likely hood of mining a block?


texts: Seeking specific advice on three-party/escrow-type transactions

texts:
I'm a professional mediator just learning about bitcoins, and I have a specific question.  I have been asked by someone if I am able to be the "third party" for a Bitcoin transaction.

In other words, Party A has X Bitcoins, he wants to sell them to party B, the X bitcoins are placed into a shared "escrow" wallet with the signatures of myself, party A, and party B. After the cash has exchanged hands (or not), any two of us (A, B, or me) can authorize the funds in the escrow wallet to be transmitted to its proper final destination.

How do I specifically do that? I mean specific instructions?  I have accounts at Coinbase, Blockchain, my own Bitcoin-QT client on Windows, and others. What's my best approach to this?


texts: For every new block, does the miner need to read through all historical transactions?

texts:
Let's say I am about to send bob 5 bitcoins, but in the past I've done 1 million individual transactions. When a miner is putting my most recent transaction into a block, do they have to go through all 1 million transactions in order to "mine" this new block?"

I just don't understand how the miner would know how much BTC I have at the moment before this new transaction. It's not explicitly stored anywhere right?


texts: Which altcoins have their own mobile friendly wallet created by the core devs?

texts:
Was wondering how many coins have their core wallet software that is accessible on mobile devices? 3rd party devs do not count.

Only want a list of coins that can be used on mobile devices as this reduces the risk of theft as the wallet software is made by the core devs.


texts:
I loaded wallet with command
>electrum load_wallet -w /my/path/default_wallet3
Password:
true

seems all is fine but the next command
>electrum getbalance
wallet not loaded

What can be the issue?


texts: How to burn confidential assets or pegged bitcoin on Bitcoin Liquid sidechain

texts:
I used to burn bitcoin sending to a bogus address like 1111111111111111111114oLvT2

There is any equivalent confidential address for Elements/Liquid?


texts: Does using different addresses affect subsequent transaction size, given the same number of inputs?

texts:
I'm quite confused about the input count that affect the transaction size, example:

x1 = my receive btc address

x2 = my another receive btc address

x3 = my another receive btc address

Scenario A

P1 send 1 btc to address x1

P2 send 1 btc to address x1

P3 send 1 btc to address x1

Scenario B

P1 send 1 btc to address x1

P2 send 1 btc to address x2

P3 send 1 btc to address x3

So my wallet will have total balance 3 btc.

My question is when I try to send 3 btc to P4 (Another user), scenario A will count as 3 inputs or scenario B will count as 3 inputs or both is same 3 inputs?


texts:
In addition to scaling, privacy, and scripting differences Mimblewimble also differs in its security model.  How does Mimblewimble's security model compare to Bitcoin's?  Specifically:

How well will Mimblewimble function in the age of quantum computing?
What trust is placed in miners?
Are possible attacks similar to Bitcoin? (51%, Sybil attacks, DDOS)
Is it possible to trick light clients into trusting an invalid transaction?


texts: Do lightweight wallets validate signatures? If not, why?

texts:
I've learned that "some SPV clients simply don’t check signatures themselves at all": https://bitcoincore.org/en/2016/01/26/segwit-benefits/#efficiency-gains-when-not-verifying-signatures

I wonder if popular lightweight wallets (like Electrum) nowadays do signature checks? If not, why?


texts: Can I transfer Bitcoin from Binance to an Electrum Wallet?

texts:
I wanna be sure that it's possible.
I want to transfer Bitcoin I bought on Binance for trading purposes, to an Electrum wallet. Is this possible? If yes, can you explain me how to do it?
Thank you very much.


texts: How long on average would it take to discover all other nodes in Bitcoin network and connect to them? Are there technical obstacles to this?

texts: I am wondering how long on average would it take for a node to discover all other nodes in Bitcoin network and connect to them? Are there technical obstacles to this?


texts: I'm a newbie and was wondering what to do when there is an unconfirmed transaction on Blockchain.info. Can I reverse the transaction? Will my BTC reach the other side? Or are they lost?


texts: How to sign a transaction using BitcoinJ

texts:
I am having problem signing the transaction using BitcoinJ library without the Wallet instance, I only have the Transaction class instance and the ECKey in order to sign the transaction.

Is there a way to implement it ?


texts: What does the scriptSing contain when it is decoded with RPC framework?

texts:
I'm trying to get the wallet id from scriptSing and ScriptPubKey. When I decode the scriptSig, the result does not contain the address address. But when I decode the scriptPubKey, it contains the address.

Why the scriptSig does not contain the address?

If it does not contain the wallet id, does it contain any references to previous transaction output?
if yes, what is the property inside the RPC response that contains the reference to previous output?

This is the documentation reference bitcoin core


texts: Will Bitcoin Transaction Evicted From Mempool Disappear From Blockchain Explorer?

texts:
From the question below I can see the circumstances under which a transaction will be removed from the Bitcoin mempool :-

How do transactions leave the memory pool?

Whilst a transaction is still unconfirmed, it shows up in the Blockchain.info Explorer as an 'Unconfirmed Transaction!', within a red colored button. This button then turns to blue with "1 Confirmations" when the transaction is confirmed.

However if the transaction remains unconfirmed for a long time and the button remains at red, and if the transaction is then eventually "evicted" from the mempool, will the Blockchain Explorer then just report "Transaction Not Found" when I search for the transaction's id ?

I would find this behaviour useful as it would allow me to tell when a transaction has effectively been cancelled. If the red button is still showing, I know my transaction may still have a chance of confirmation, and I may be prepared to wait a few days in some cases for non-urgent transfers, especially when fees are at very high levels. If the transaction disappears altogether then I know I would have to submit a new transaction entirely. (I would actually prefer that a wallet did not automatically resubmit a failed transaction, but rather let me know it has failed).

Many thanks


texts: How do I reward a miner who made a block I like?

texts:
Some decisions miners make are reflected in the blocks they solve.  Is it possible to send those miners some extra BTC without knowing who they are?  It seems obvious that you could just send some coin to the receiving address in the coinbase transaction, but usually, that address is for a large group of people.  Since the extra BTC is intended for only the one who made the decision, sending to the coinbase address doesn't work.

A friend of mine said something to me like this: When you're in a mining pool, if yours is the machine that finds the solution to a block, then you get a much larger reward than everyone else.  If this is true, then I would expect that the receiving address that gets the largest piece of a transaction that spends the total reward for a particular block is the address to which this "Thanks for mining the way you mine" reward would go.  Can anyone confirm that this is the case, or identify cases in which it isn't true?

I would very much like a tool people could use to thank miners for particular decisions.  I could write it myself or pay someone else to do it.  I'll promise right now to send one bitcoin to anyone who provides such a tool.


texts: No JSON object could be decoded; Failed to subscribe; IO errors - 1, tolerance 2

texts:
I´m using GUIminer and Bitcoincore.
When I start to mining I got that message, how can I fixed it?


texts: Can I lock a transaction from being used until a particular condition is met

texts: I plan to open an ecommerce website from which I will accept BTC as payment. However users dont want to pay with BTC without getting the goods since my site is just starting up. What are the options I have?


texts: PSBT (BIP-174, Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction) Ordering of keys

texts:
When serializing a PSBT (BIP-174, Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction), I cannot find any information if the keys should be ordered when serializing the PSBT?

Under the "Test Vectors" section for the BIP-174 in the last example it is only mentioned that:

  A combiner which orders keys lexicographically must produce the
  following PSBT[...]

But it does nowhere say that it is mandatory to order the keys. What is expected?

I am implementing test cases for a PSBT library and would like to know this to decide if I should compare the serialized PSBTs (where ordering does matter) or the objects themselves (regardless of ordering of keys).


texts: Coin selection algorithm in Python to optimally select UTXO

texts:
Does anyone know of a good coin selection algorithm in Python that's perhaps similar to the one in Bitcoin Core (currently this: github/bitcoin/src/wallet.cpp (per guidance from stackexchange/1077))?

I see the popular python libraries: pybitcointools and pycoin both seem to be selecting all existing UTXOs which might not be optimal, and might fail @over 100 utxos. Andreas Antonopoulos' "greedy selection algo" is not as efficient as that in wallet.cpp of Bitcoin Core, am I right?


texts: I performed a bitcoin-core transaction to a Coinbase wallet. I see the transaction pending for two days. What do you advise me to do?


texts: bitcoin transaction is still unconfirmed after 30+ hours

texts:
Yesterday evening (6.45pm) i moved 1.4 bitcoin from my local bitcoin wallet to my blockchain wallet, the transaction was completed. But before the transaction was fully complete i submitted a request that the coins be sent to my electrum wallet. the transaction to my electrum wallet is still unconfirmed, what are my options at this point? im fairly new to bitcoin and looking for any advice/help. thank you

https://blockchain.info/tx/21b904c02634330718c23285979cfed8ce2ba769cf9a7cd95bac1083c052099e

here is the transaction.


texts: How is the ExtraNonce calculated in Bitcoin Core

texts: The Extra nonce for the genesis block in bitcoin core is 0x010445, how was this value calculated?


texts: Do receiving addresses expire on Multibit?

texts: Okay so I have tried Resetting Blockchain and Transactions plenty of times. The only thing is I used an old receiving address that I used about 2 months ago. Do these addresses expire? Can they only be used once? I don't know. I'm not too good at this. Here is my Wallet: http://puu.sh/8CBpT.png Here is the blockchain of my receiving address: https://blockchain.info/address/12EFht1oW3h2ybNYP2NrJKF26oPicFs8mM Is there any way to retrieve my bitcoin? Do you guys have any answers? I have looked everywhere on google and I have gotten nowhere.


texts: getblocktemplate request that omits transactions?

texts:
Is there a way to make a getblocktemplate request that returns only the bits/target, or at least omits all of the pending transactions?

I am interested in tracking the coin difficulty in real time. This requires a call to getblocktemplate and looking at the bits or the target. I make the call from a remote machine. This call can become very inefficient if there are a significant number of transactions in the blocktemplate, especially if I make the request every few seconds and there are megabytes of pending transactions.

getmininginfo or getdifficulty are useless as they return the difficulty of the most recently mined block, not the block that is currently being mined.


texts: locktime in getrawtransaction method in bitcoin-cli

texts: what is different between Time, BlockTime and Locktime in " Getrawtransaction " method in bitcoin CLI? Actually I want to know that is locktime. Please help me :)


texts: What does it mean by "many different transactions tied to a particular bitcoin address" in this context?

texts:
The context is on this section: “What if the input and output amounts don’t match?” of this page: http://www.coindesk.com/information/how-do-bitcoin-transactions-work/

I find it strange as it seems that reusing address is a bad practice (https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Address_reuse). (i.e. When Person A makes a transaction with Person B, then Person A makes a transaction with Person C, there should be two different addresses (instead of one) from Person A involved.) Or does the “address” here actually mean bitcoin wallet?


texts:
From my understanding Golomb coded sets are a probabilistic data structure that encodes the deltas of an order set of elements.

With things like txids, which are evenly distributed, Golomb coded sets are an efficient way to encode things inside of a block.

What is the ordering used to determine how txids are encoded in the set? It seems we need a base txid, and then compute deltas from that original txid? Is it just as simple as the lowest big endian numeric interpretation of a txid in a block?


texts: Where is merkle path of a transaction stored in a transaction?

texts:
I understand every transaction can be verified if it belongs to a block by a merkle path which is basically a set of hashes that finally end up at the merkle root.

I know the merkle root is stored in the block header, but where is the merkle path (set of merkle hashes) of a transaction stored within the block?


texts: How many non-web wallets discard private-keys? or How common are non-deterministic wallets?

texts:
I'm concerned about non-web wallets that discard private keys after use.

Web wallets - share addresses between users, so the user can consider all private keys to be immediately discarded.
Deterministic wallets - All receiving addresses can be regenerated at any time and so it's impossible to lose funds that are transferred to previous addresses even ancient ones.
Paper wallets - are essentially permanent addresses, so no issue there beyond user-error.

So this just leaves me with the question of how many non-deterministic wallets discard previous addresses (including change addresses)?

It has been stated that "the BIP 0032 standard for Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets is used by all good wallets as of 2019.".  Should I take that assessment literally with regard to non-web wallets, that non-deterministic wallets are uncommon even on mobile?


texts: Do I need to be already running a full node to run LND Lightning?

texts: I want to start learning about lightning network and try setting up a channel.  However I don't know if I need to already be running a full node.  I stopped my core client from syncing a while back.


texts:
I want to set up a bitcoind server with multiple diablo instances on systems i have access to. other people also have access to these machines, and my password for bitcoind will have to be input to the diablo instances. this means someone could have access to my bitcoind password and so also my bitcoins stored there. is there any way i can enable only the rpc commands in bitcoind to allow mining efforts? or to allow mining efforts without the password?

thanks in advance


texts: What roles of WIF(Wallet Import Format)?

texts:
I am reading "Mastering Bitcoin" written by Andreas and I found this explanation about "WIF(Wallet Import Format)"

  Key Formats

  Both private and public keys can be represented in a number of
  different formats. These representations all encode the same number,
  even though they look different. These formats are primarily used to
  make it easy for people to read and transcribe keys without
  introducing errors.

  http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1234000001802/ch04.html#base58

I have two questions:

I agree with that a private key as decimal numbers is not easy to use for people. However, the hex format and WIF are very similar. I think that WIF has two advantages compared to hex. One is starting with 5 and the next one is having checksum. Are there any good points of WIF.
Can I sign on a transaction by using WIF without the private key?

I'm keen to know about inside bitcoin. Any information will be helpful for me.

Thanks,


texts: What are all the small transactions in Satoshi's address?

texts: I read that Satoshi never moved or spent his coins, so I expected to see his address stay unchanged since mined. But it looks like there are lots of small transactions: e.g. in the first address there are more than 1000 txs, and in the second address, there are about 65. What are those for? Who made them and why?


texts: List addresses associated with my wallet in a transaction

texts: With the Bitcoin Core command line, how do I list all the addresses of a particular bitcoin transaction that belong to my own wallet?


texts: How long would it take for a transaction with 0 fees to be confirmed six times?

texts: I thought my wallet would ask me for a tx fee, as it always does, it just sent the amount without any tx fee at all. Now it seems to be stuck in some sort of bitcoin limbo. It's been two hours now, and not a single confirmation has happened.


texts:
Does the concept of cryptocurrency "insurance" undermine the purpose of "being your own bank"? Recently I have seen more Bitcoin related companies offer some sort of insurance for Bitcoins stored in their custody and am concerned with its unintended effects.

Nobody likes the financial losses than result from hacking, but I always thought that the decentralization of control of our own money was one of the primary benefits of Bitcoin.

Education (of best security practices) and the rise of multisignature transactions and decentralized exchanges such as Bitsquare can greatly reduce the need to entrust 3rd parties with your Bitcoin.

Insurance adds cost to the system (negating part of the financial advantage Bitcoin has over Visa and Western union) and encourages trusting 3rd parties with Bitcoin safekeeping (increasing centralization of control) over learning how to safely secure it yourself (retaining full control).

Could cryptocurrency "insurance" slow Bitcoin adoption? If so how can we encourage educational efforts as a better solution. Are regulators or the free market the primary promoters of cryptocurrency insurance?


texts: What if old blocks invalidate with soft fork?

texts:
Making a soft fork means making consensus rules stricter.

Therefore there is a risk that some old blocks mined long down the blockchain get invalidated.

How was this handled in bitcoin soft forks? Did the developers of the fork have to make sure that all previously mined blocks up to current head validate?


texts:
I downloaded bitcoin-qt on my computer, and I'm trying to create a PHP web application with bitcoins and am following this guide: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/PHP_developer_intro

how do I change the configuration for bitcoind given that all I can download for a mac is bitcoin-qt? do I need to get a linux VM in order to have something setup? I was thinking of using XAMPP for my Apache MySQL database.


texts:
I've been reading around: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/How_bitcoin_works

What prevents a miner's block from being accepted across the network if the hash checks out when miner forges transactions in the block?

For example, lets say I'm mining and I want to steal money from address A and put it into my address B. So I build a block with the A->B transaction along with some requested transactions. Now if I can compute a hash for the block before anyone else, and send off to peers in the network, how could they reject it? How would they know that's not a real transaction? If bitcoin clients record requests to verify, maybe this request was blocked by some NAT issue.

I can't think of a good way of fixing this and I didn't find anything about in documentation. Any insight would be appreciated. Thanks.


texts:
See this thread.

How would P2Pool scale if 10% of Bitcoin mining was done via it? 50%? 100%?

Is the current implementation scalable? If not, are there designs for making it scalable?


texts: How does HD wallet protect its master public key?

texts:
Hierarchy deterministic wallets have a master public key. I fully understand elliptic curve's concept regarding to the private and public keys.
I also understand the concept that Maxwell described here to generate new public keys without knowing their corresponding private keys by only knowing the master public key.
Based on Maxwell's idea if someone gets two of the children's public keys with some simple math can calculate the master public key which allows him to generate all of the user's future bitcoin addresses.
So my question is

Does HD wallet use the same mechanism explained by Maxwell to generate new public keys?
How does an HD wallet protect its master public key?


texts: P2SH that pays out only to a certain Bitcoin address?

texts: Is it possible to create a type of redemption script that when the correct number of signatures are collected pays out to a pre-defined address ?


texts: ECIES - When is it bad to sign and encrypt using the same keys?

texts:
Suppose I have a public key for a particular user (perhaps extracted when using the new public key recovery format included in P2SH, and BIP32 transactions).

Is it OK the same key for both signing and encryption?

Since I'm obtaining the public key from a message, PS2H script, or BIP32 wallet I want to make sure that all secrets (Bitcoins, private keys, and privacy relating to BIP32) are maintained and no risk to privacy exists.

What are some known, safe, (or unsafe) scenarios to use the same key for signing and encryption?


texts: Generate multiple public bitcoin receiving addresses (HD wallet) from seed phrase in nodejs

texts:
I want to generate a new receiving address for my bitcoin wallet for each new user. Bitcoin transferred to all these address should be received in my bitcoin wallet. I don't want to expose my private key or seed on the server.I found that this is how HD wallets work so I tried this.

const bip39 = require('bip39')
const bitcoin = require('bitcoinjs-lib')   //ver 3.0.2

let phrase = 'width humor wheat sad obscure outer ancient grab edit labor record express devote humble recipe occur refuse tooth original fluid learn scheme fuel assault';
let seedBuffer = bip39.mnemonicToSeedSync(phrase)
// <Buffer 85 19 18 81 cf 0e cc f7 9c 5d 61 ......

let masterNode = bitcoin.HDNode.fromSeedBuffer(seedBuffer)
// Deriving the first account based on BIP44
let account0 = masterNode.derivePath("m/44'/0'/0'")

let xpubString = account0.neutered().toBase58()
console.log(xpubString)
let address0FromXpub = bitcoin.HDNode.fromBase58(xpubString)

let address0 = address0FromXpub.derivePath("0/0").keyPair.getAddress()
let address1 = address0FromXpub.derivePath("0/1").keyPair.getAddress()
let address2 = address0FromXpub.derivePath("0/2").keyPair.getAddress()
let address3 = address0FromXpub.derivePath("0/3").keyPair.getAddress()
// address0.toBase58()
console.log("address0",address0)
console.log("address1",address1)
console.log("address2",address2)
console.log("address3",address3)

but I tried sending bitcoin to the generated address and didn't received any? If anyone could help.


texts: How can one know which money exchanges happen in Ripple?

texts:
In Ripple, money can be exchanged in two ways:

a payment is sent from a person to another person
2 satisfying offers fulfill each other

The Ripple wiki states

  When an offer is placed it will immediately take any other offers that satisfy it.

Regular payments can be seen by the Ripple network by Payment transactions that are sent around. However, when two satisfying OfferCreate transactions occur, how can one know that they are being matched are will fulfill each other?

Also, for a Payment transaction, multiple possible "paths" can be defined. How do other nodes know which path is chosen and so which offers that the paths correspond to are fulfilled?

I'm currently monitoring the payments WebSocket stream, but I seem to need more than that to know what money exchanges happen in Ripple.


texts: electrum CLI - 'daemon is not connected'

texts:
I installed Electrum on my Raspberry Pi.

Then, I ran electrum create to make a wallet.

Then, I ran electrum daemon start to start the background process.

I'm currently trying to query the balance of my wallet (should be 0) from the command line using electrum getbalance

I get this error

[root@fish ~]# electrum getbalance
daemon is not connected

Daemon status:

[root@fish ~]# electrum daemon status
{
    "blockchain_height": 352760,
    "connected": false,
    "nodes": [
        "electrum.thwg.org:50002:s",
        "kirsche.emzy.de:50002:s",
        "ecdsa.net:110:s",
        "erbium1.sytes.net:50002:s",
        "electrum.drollette.com:50002:s",
        "eco-electrum.ddns.net:50002:s",
        "EAST.electrum.jdubya.info:50002:s"
    ],
    "server": "electrum.be",
    "server_height": 0
}

Note the "connected": false, field. What does this mean? Is it related to my node not working?


texts:
I'm syncing a node with prune enabled. Will it download the whole blockchain and then prune to my given settings after, or does it prune as it syncs?

I'm currently 34.85% synced
Blockchain directory is 1.3G
Prune depth is 500


texts: What purpose does XRP serve in the ripple protocol?

texts:
I have been reading over this document that Ripple Labs put out. The document says that:

  XRP is there to provide two key functions: to prevent abuse of the system and to act as a bridge currency for market makers providing liquidity within the network. Thus, users can hold balances in one currency and transact in another currency without converting to XRPs in the process.

And later

  In theory, users of the Ripple Network could exchange anything of value.

Bitcoin already has spam prevention, and a much larger trading volume than Ripple, though. It's not clear to me why everything that Ripple Labs is doing couldn't have just been done with BTC.

I really like what most of what Ripple is doing (trying to integrate with the existing financial system, for example), it's just hard to trust it knowing that the developers own so much XRP, combined with believing that it could have just been done with BTC. So, essentially, I'm looking to be convinced that the creation of their own token was, in fact, necessary.

Is it just to fund Ripple Labs? I don't mean that in a negative way, I actually think that funding the development of decentralized applications is a difficult problem. Decentralization inherently allows users to participate in the system without consent from an authority, and without needing to pay any single entity. But then what incentive does that developing entity have to create the system? I think this is why so many decentralized projects are opensourced projects, rather than proprietary solutions. And the ones that are proprietary solutions (like Ripple), usually create their own token.


texts: Who receives the money when a bitcoin is purchased?

texts:
Where does the real money when someone buys a bitcoin?

I understand that if you buy from someone or an exchange you are paying them in real money but who gets the money for a newly mined bitcoin?


texts: How many Integer Operations on a GPU are necessary for one Hash?

texts:
I thought it was the ALU OPs like here:
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=7964.0

ArtForz speaks of much higher values, though:
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=4689.msg68933#msg68933

Does the kernel run more than once for a hash? What am I missing?


texts: How to create offer using JSON RPC in Ripple

texts: I am currently working on Ripple API here but have not been able to figure out how to create offer using JSON RPC, I will appreciate any help from you guys


texts: How scalable is a Blockchain-based system?

texts:
This question as stated above is a bit vague, but let me make it a bit more clear:

Recently, I have seen many services pop up that state that they are secure, fault-tolerant, trustless and scalable because they use a blockchain (often the Bitcoin block chain, the Ethereum blockchain or one of many other or proprietary 'block chains') to store the important parts of the data the services handle.

Now, security and fault-tolerancy I can understand, because (after a few more blocks are mined):

Everone can check the integrity and authenticity of a transaction because ECDSA-signatures are used, giving the system non-repudiation as property.
Everyone has a copy of the block chain so-far stored locally, making it virtually impossible to destroy data. ❦
it becomes virtually impossible to alter a previously-made transaction, because this means that all hashes of blocks after that need to be re-calculated.

Now, because of ❦, the system is also trustless, assuming everyone can read/understand the data from the blockchain directly (i.e. the service's interface to the block chain is released as open-source software). This is where quite a few services claims fall short.

However, the final claim: scalability. I cannot understand how a system can be scalable if it involves the copying of all the (trans)actions its users did to all other users' computers (again, this follows from ❦): It will
both take a lot of time and a lot of disk space to do all this copying, and at some point a physical limit will be reached in which more actions are taken than can be written to the blockchain and in which it takes longer to catch up to the head of the chain than that new transactions appear. In both cases the system will break down (?).

I can see only one ways to resolve this, which is to use 'light wallets' for the end users, in which case the system is no longer trustless, as these users need to trust that the parties they talk with are honest in the version of the block chain they show, so this breaks the other claims.

I don't believe all of the systems that state 'Blockchain inside' use this approach.

So my question: What other techniques are used to make a Blockchain-based system more scalable, and how scalable (in transaction throughput) is a system as a result?


texts: Is the mnemonic passphrase enough to backup with deterministic wallets?

texts:
I'm using a greenaddress.it wallet, but assume this will be the same for all deterministic wallets. (If not, please correct me!)

Since the first and all further bitcoin addresses my wallet will ever use can be determined by the "mnemonic passphrase", is there anything else I need to backup / store securely?


texts: BIP 32 child key derivation "stops working" after a certain index (i)

texts:
Here's my code to get a child public key from a parent HD key. I adapted it from freedomnode:

  public function address_from_master_pub($path = '0/0') {
    if ($this->xpub === NULL && $this->ypub === NULL && $this->zpub === NULL) {
      throw new Exception("XPUB, YPUB or ZPUB key is not present!");
    }

    $adapter = Bitcoin::getEcAdapter();
    $slip132 = new Slip132(new KeyToScriptHelper($adapter));
    $registry_classname = 'BitWasp\\Bitcoin\\Network\\Slip132\\'.$this->network_name.'Registry';
    $bitcoin_prefixes = new $registry_classname();

    if ($this->xpub !== NULL) {
      $pubPrefix = $slip132->p2pkh($bitcoin_prefixes);
      $pub = $this->xpub;
    } else if ($this->ypub !== NULL) {
      $pubPrefix = $slip132->p2shP2wpkh($bitcoin_prefixes);
      $pub = $this->ypub;
    } else if ($this->zpub !== NULL) {
      $pubPrefix = $slip132->p2wpkh($bitcoin_prefixes);
      $pub = $this->zpub;
    }

    $config = new GlobalPrefixConfig([
      new NetworkConfig($this->network, [
        $pubPrefix,
      ])
    ]);

    $serializer = new Base58ExtendedKeySerializer(
      new ExtendedKeySerializer($adapter, $config)
    );

    $key = $serializer->parse($this->network, $pub);
    $child_key = $key->derivePath($path);

    return $child_key->getAddress(new AddressCreator())->getAddress();
  }

If I use it for index 0 or 1 or 2 (paths 0/0, 0/1, 0/2), it works fine in the sense that if I send bitcoin to that address, I can see the transaction on the public blockchain under the parent xpub on blockchain.com and it shows the funds. Plus, the child addresses which I generate match what shows up in Mycelium HD account receiving address.

But when I used index 243 (thus creating a path of 0/243 it didn't show up on the receiving end (under that xpub) even though it showed up on my sending end as a confirmed transaction. That path 0/243 generated a valid bitcoin address, but it didn't show up under that xpub on blockchain.com even after it was confirmed.

What's the rule involved? If i > some limit it no longer works? Or if I use an index "out of order" it doesn't work? Or something else, like Mycelium stopping recognizing child addresses past a certain index (i) and really the fundsa safa just under a higher level new HD xpub? I used the same code to generate all the child addresses for i = 0, 1, 2, and 243.


texts: How long does it take to download the blockchain? It's been over a day and still going

texts:
I'm a newbie to bitcoins, and need some help!

I downloaded the Bitcoin client and installed it on my laptop.

It is 'Synchronizing with the network' and has been doing this for over a day. Is this normal? I have broadband internet and sometimes download large files in a resonable amout of time so I'm pretty sure its not my internet connection speed.

I understand it is downloading the blockchain thing bit by bit but does it really take this long? Will I have to do the same if I were to change laptops or get a new computer?

Also, whilst it is 'Synchronizing with the network' it totally slows down my laptop, so much so that it takes ages to even launch my internet browser. Is this normal? Will it always do this when I run the Bitcoin client, i.e. slow the whole system down, or is this only the case when it is 'Synchronizing with the network'?

Many thanks!!


texts: What is the best Windows release for bitcoin-qt or bitcoind

texts: I want to run bitcoind on one of my servers. I tried Windows Server 2012 but after a couple of days bitcoind process freezes and I can't even kill the process(Access is denied). I want to reinstall another release of Windows on my server. What is the best option?


texts: Please help me with this bitcoin sentence

texts:
The sentence (I need to add underneath the main paragraph) that I am unhappy with is:
If you are not awaiting any newly broadcasted deposits this message may not apply to you.
I am unhappy with my description (for the understanding of new/normal people)
Not many people would understand a 'broadcast' or the idea of being 'new'
We understand what a 'broadcast' is but they don't ...
...and (I am trying to) relay that - new implies the tx has -1 confirmations (to enter the mem pool but not a block) but (as a normal person I would not get that)
This should be understood as 'a transaction that you just sent'
But how to explain it in fewer words and simply, properly and professionally?


texts: Lets say i have a monero address and want to send my coins to another address. Will that transaction be private? Can somebody find out that i sent those coins? Are there any altcoins that i can use to send funds from one address to another without anyone knowing that i did?


texts:
Mt. Gox's sign-up page states:

  Please be advised that accessing your account via the Tor network
  and/or public proxies may result in a temporary suspension of your
  account, and having to submit AML documents.

Are there other exchanges which do not have such a restriction (e.g. for transfers and account balances below $1K USD for instance?)


texts:
I am holding for the long term and have a significant amount of bitcoin (~10) in a paper wallet (the actual private key is printed on a piece of paper). To improve security measures and possibly sell forked coins, I would like to transfer the funds to a new address (paper or hardware wallet).

I understand the technical procedure - sweep the private key into a wallet software and send to the new address. I am concerned about taking the proper security measures.

Some online resources recommend myCelium, but while I am cautious I do not trust my Android devices to be free of malware. I plan on using a PC with a Live CD Linux distribution (e.g. Ubuntu) installed on a fresh USB disk and connected behind a home router.

Are there any other security measures I can take besides running an OS with no malware and a reputable wallet software?
Are there any specific disadvantages to using Electrum for this vs. running a full node wallet such as Bitcoin QT (besides privacy)?
Does the Electrum Cold Storage feature (signing transactions on an offline machine) has any benefits for a one time transaction?


texts: Faster way to sync my new Bitcoin wallet?

texts:
I'm very new to Bitcoin so I apologize if this question is naive. I just downloaded the Bitcoin, Litecoin, and Dogecoin Qt clients and opened each of these apps. Consistent with their coin's valuation, the Dogecoin client syncing was fastest, taking 3 hours, Litecoin took 20hrs, and Bitcoin is still trying to sync for 3 days now (progress bar shows only 25% synced).

I'm using a 2012 MacBook Pro (10.7.5) and have a good internet connection in a major city.  Some questions:

Is there a faster way to sync my Bitcoin wallet than what I described or is the Bitcoin Network just too popular now and one should expect a new wallet to take +10 days to establish?
To begin with, is putting your own wallet on your computer not advised?


texts: If bitcoin value is going down do you lose anything or only when you sell like the stock market?

texts:
If Bitcoin is going down, do I only lose if I sell my bitcoin?
So, if I hold them I won’t lose?


texts:
Whats bitcoin cash is it a description on how BCH/BCC should run ?

I need a full node BCH/BCC If I run bitcoin ABC or UNLIMITED will I get the bitcoin cash blocks ?

or are there difference in blocks between ABC and UNLIMITED


texts: How to calculate a candidate block for mining using bitcoind RPC (without getBlockTemplate) and having into acount MAX_BLOCK_SIGOPS

texts:
I'm trying to calculate candidate blocks without using getBlockTemplate.
Im using the data returned by bitcoind RPC, but I can't find a reliable way to get the required signatures per transaction in the mempool.

The only way I see to get reqSigs (required signature) of a transaction output is via getRawTransaction.

So:

-If I get all the mempool transactions via getrawmempool.

-then query using getRawTransaction all the transactions outputs that are signed and sum all of it's reqSigs.

Do I have the number of required signatures per transaction?

It seems that this number could not be available until the redeem script is known. But this information is only available for the tx output using getRawTransaction, not in the tx input...

am I missing something?


texts: Why MultiBit replays transactions from internet on every startup?

texts:
I've installed MultiBit version 0.5.14 and every time i start it, there is a synchronization happening with network:

Replaying blockchain from date "Aug 3, 2013"
Stopping Bitcoin network connection...
Synchronising with network...
Synchronising with network, 15,253 block(s) to download. Block date : "Aug 4, 2013".
...

My assumption is that it holds on to a block generated on 2013-08-03 as a genesis block, in order to save space. But then, it updates. Why not hold on to the updated block instead of initial one? Alternatively, if keeping transaction history is important, why not cache downloaded data locally and replay it from disk instead? I have a pretty fast connection, but there's so much internet traffic happening, that even for me it takes minutes to start.

EDIT: Apparently, I was wrong. It does not replay transactions anymore on startup. I don't know what am I doing differently this time.


texts: How do I make Bitcoin Core listen on IPV6?

texts: I know my ISP provides IPV6. It was previously broken, but restarting my router fixed it. I confirmed my IPV6 connectivity on several websites. Then I restarted Bitcoin Core so it would see the new IPV6 address on startup, but bitnodes.21.co says my IPV6 address can't be reached. Any advice?


texts:
A person paid me with a fake check. I deposited the check through an ATM, and the money went into my account, so I made a Bitcoin transfer to him. But yesterday, the bank took the money back from my account because they are fake checks.

I have only the wallet ID and the TX ID. All the other information that they provided to me is fake.

Can I do something?


texts: Would pool mining within video games (to make them free) be profitable?

texts:
Say a big game company like steactivblizzard released the latest Call of Assasins Hitman for free. They could incorporate bitcoin mining within the menu/pause/loading screens as a sort of payment method. Just a small burst of bitcoin mining so as to not interrupt gameplay too much, much like how we used to have loading screens before SSD.
Would this be profitable? I'm thinking that people playing these games are most likely to have high-end GPUs. And these are big ticket games with a lot of players. Would they be able to successfully mine coins to the point of being profitable?


texts:
From the bitcoin RPC, both gettransaction and getblock returns a confirmation number in their response, are they always the same? Is there a case a transaction's confirmations isn't the same as its containing block's confirmation number?

https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#gettransaction

https://bitcoin.org/en/developer-reference#getblock


texts: What do pruning nodes contribute to the network?

texts:
Pruning nodes are described in the sourcecode thusly:

  -prune=<n>: Reduce storage requirements by pruning (deleting) old blocks. This mode is incompatible with -txindex and -rescan.

I’ve watched that my node has been consistently uploading less than it has been downloading since I set it to run in pruning mode.

What services do pruning nodes still perform?
Do they upload blocks and transactions?
Can they service thin clients?
What can a pruning node not do, that a non-pruning node does?


texts: How do I find the wallet that Bitcoin was sent to?  I was new to Bitcoin and created at wallets in at least 2 places (Armory and Coinbase) but all are showing zero.


texts: Can leased out nxt coins still be used or do you have to wait for it to expire?

texts: When leasing out your nxt balance to another account, can you still use those coins in your main account? Or do you have to wait for it to expire before you can use it again?


texts: Lightning - why are commitment transactions supposed to use different keys

texts:
In the paper BIP32 and deterministic key derivation are mentioned. But why given that two peers directly exchange messages (i.e., there is no need to obscure anything)? Alice always exchanges state with Bob and that commitment transactions usually don't land on the blockchain.

Punishments for transmitting an old state can be done by attaching to the previous "breach-remedy" transaction using a valid preimage (that was exchanged while getting the new "commitment"). This means the script has to check the signature and invoke the hash function. An optimization is to use elliptic curve trickery and thus construct something similar to pay2contract scheme. I believe this way you still have to store all old values or am I mistaken? I've heard about ELKREM and optimizations in that part. But my question here is more basic, why did Poon and Dryja even consider BIP32? I understand the need for different settlement keys in Eltoo or the additional privacy for on-chain transactions, but what about Lightning?


texts: Why is this transaction referred to as "low fee"?

texts:
Why does Blockchain.info refer to this transaction as "low fee", when it has the normal fee? What is wrong with it? Its size is less than 1000 bytes, with a fee of 0.1 mBTC – yet, this transaction just got stuck?

Could anyone please explain please what happened and why it got stuck?


texts: Download blocks in blk00000.dat format from a specific period

texts:
For study purposes, I would like to download blocks from a specific period, i.e. January 2017 - June 2017, in blk.dat format (blk00000.dat, blk*.dat).
I downloaded blockchain.core but it makes me download the whole blockchain - correct me if I'm wrong.
Also I tried with blockchain.info but the problem is that I can only get one block at a time and just in Json or Hex format - don't need those.
So, do you know how could I do and with which program or API to use?
I'm a beginner, so please the more details you can give the better it is, even if they seems obvious.
For this work I'm coding in python.


texts: double spend the mempool to outbid an attacker

texts:
if I spend some input in a tx and a few seconds later spends the same input with other inputs in another tx with higher fees. If the first tx is still in the mempool would the 2nd tx replace the first one?
With a hot wallet I can receive a notification on my phone every time an input is spent and if I reply to the notification (somehow wallet has been compromised) then I could broadcast a signed tx with all my inputs to another address I control with higher fees. I could potentially outbid the hacker and save the wallet?


texts: Can zero-transactions block generation be called as a Sybil attack?

texts: Imagine a malminer with two important abilities: having enough hashrate for producing blocks in a single-miner mode in reasonable amount of time and having a malconfigured miner software which doing somewhat a usual mining job, but including no transactions in the block except of reward. It might be more productive (from malminer's point of view) way of converting a computational power into some bitcoins, because changing the nonce only looks much easier than downloading and ledgering the real-world transactions. Can I call such intentional easy-mining a Sybil attack?


texts: ELI5: How does Segregated Witness (segwit) work?

texts:
Can someone ELI5 Segregated Witness (AKA BIP 141)? I've been doing research and understand that there are segwit addresses, there are segwit transactions, and there are segwit nodes.

I understand that segwit basically works by removing the witness from the scriptSig and somehow it's weighed 1 weight point while other bytes are weighed at 4 weight points, but how?

How do older bitcoin nodes handle the segregated witness? Do they just not receive that data? I know that older nodes will treat those addresses as spendable by anyone since no witness is present or needed. This makes me believe the witness isn't in the transaction at all. But how? Where is the witness actually stored?

Where do segwit addresses come into all of this?


texts: Bitcoin-cli createrawtransaction with 3 outputs example

texts:
Is this possible to do?

I am trying to create a transaction with 1 input that will have 3 outputs.

I tried:

bitcoin-cli createrawtransaction "[{\"txid\":\"b0d6607323d5dadcd67dd1b5b6d6e5f08b70c45d187c8cf17ebfa00f9c0fb65e\",\"vout\":1}]" "[{\"2Mxmxo19LaqUePqkshcYQDzwW8SY6CpxzjN\":0.00989748, \"2N1ozs19uHsk2maPA5PiK8TEZQP8HfTd4Zn\":0.23247816, \"2NDgJmx7PykJRMK4QKTqUrfC6ewmccaq6fq\":0.0001}]"

But get an error:

error code: -8
error message:
Invalid parameter, key-value pair must contain exactly one key

I don't understand what I'm doing wrong since the inputs and outputs both take in an array of values.

Any ideas?

This is version 0.17.0.

Here's the pretty print json

I'm pretty confident that there is no syntax issue.

"[
    {
        \"txid\":   \"b0d6607323d5dadcd67dd1b5b6d6e5f08b70c45d187c8cf17ebfa00f9c0fb65e\",
        \"vout\":   1
    }
]"
"[
    {
        \"2Mxmxo19LaqUePqkshcYQDzwW8SY6CpxzjN\":    0.00989748,
        \"2N1ozs19uHsk2maPA5PiK8TEZQP8HfTd4Zn\":    0.23247816,
        \"2NDgJmx7PykJRMK4QKTqUrfC6ewmccaq6fq\":    0.0001
    }
]"


texts:
I just heard about BitCoin for the first time today, and I'm confused.
My understanding of economics may not be the best, but I do know that money, as in the paper and coins we use in everyday life, has no value unless it's backed by something which DOES have value (such as the gold in the Federal Treasury). So I don't understand how BitCoins gain value. I understand they're created by computers doing complex mathematical equations, but...is the solution to these equations valuable? Is that what causes BitCoins to be worth something?
Hopefully the answer to my first question will answer the second as well...once BitCoins are created, how is their ongoing value determined? For instance, I heard about a BitCoin value crash today. What criteria is used to determine changes in the market, and how are exchange rates calculated?
Thanks in advance to anyone kind enough to answer my questions...I hope I don't sound like a complete idiot.


texts: I am confused about the difference between a fork and a client, can someone explain?

texts: My understanding is that clients are different software environments which run on top of the decentralized computing infrastructure which is the blockchain architecture. The most popular of which by a large margin is Bitcoin Core. This made sense to me but I recently read that different clients process different types of transactions. For example, Bitcoin XT would process different transactions than the Bitcoin protocol. Would this not make it a fork of the original blockchain as opposed to a different type of software. How does Bitcoin Cash come into this also as they process different types of transactions but have their own blockchain? Should they not also be listed as a client?


texts: Is there any statement about the design of Bitcoin alluding to dealing with large pools controlling a good part of the network? while it is true that pools can compete and people can "vote" by switching pools, the statements handed down regarding major decisions affecting the Bitcoin system seem eerily central and authoritative. was this kind of power considered initially and is thus balanced now, or was Bitcoin intended to be strictly p2p initially?


texts: Are Bitcoin transactions permitted to have no outputs (i.e. all inputs become transaction fee)?

texts: I am interested in the possible use of the Bitcoin (or other altcoin) blockchain as a generalized distributed ledger, meaning that it is useful for tracking information other than coin transactions proper. A prerequisite for that would seem to be the ability to pay for transactions whose primary purpose is not moving Bitcoins from one address to another. So, can Bitcoin transactions list no outputs, thus leaving all inputs as a transaction fee reward for the miner?


texts: Does variability of block solution time change as difficulty increases?

texts:
We know that the expected average time to solve a block from any given point in time is 10 minutes when the network hash rate matches the current difficulty.

However, as difficulty increases are we going to see more or less variability, or does it stay the same?

ie If we compared a difficulty of 500,000,000 with 500,000, would we see more blocks taking over 60 minutes to be solved, or less blocks, or will there be no difference?


texts: Difference between scrypt and sha-256 mining?

texts:
So in detail my question is:

are both these two algorithms different from each other?.
I read somewhere that this two algorithm is used for the different cryptocurrency. if that's true. then why?
which one is efficient as compared to another one.

that would be much appreciated if you give me answer with some example.


texts: How is over-spending one block apart prevented?

texts:
So, let's say you have a wallet with 20BTC, and you have a flow like so:

You send 15BTC to A in block 1
You send 15BTC to B in block 2

What happens if at block 1 there are two chains across miners. In chain X the transaction is there, in chain Y, the transaction is not there.

When they go to spend the other 15BTC in block 2 and their wallet(imagine a different computer using the same wallet) is on chain Y, then their wallet will let them do it. What happens when:

Chain X becomes the dominant chain
** Transaction 1 would have confirmed, so would transaction 2 have been rejected and never confirm?
Chain Y becomes the dominant chain
** Transaction 2 would have confirmed, so would transaction 1 be rejected and never confirm?

How is this represented in the bitcoin software even? I know there are some transactions that can be broadcast but then never confirmed, but how does the wallet know the money is not spend if it's been broadcast?


texts: Can I buy Bitcoins in Romania and if yes, where?

texts: I'm new here and I saw one can buy them e.g. in Germany at bitcoin.de via an online transaction, by paying Euros. Is the same possible in Romania (do you need a €-bank account for that?) and if so, is there some (online) exchange service best suited for that?


texts: How did Silk Road work when it came to delivering product anonymously?

texts: A lot of times, people say Bitcoin is anonymous, but I know most transactions can be easily traced using IPs that used ewallets and by making connection with other bitcoin addresses. So with that in mind, I'm curious if someone had bought something on Silk Road (or any other place) - wouldn't they need to have that product delivered eventually to some address where they could pick it up? How did that affect anonymity? Or were drop off locations used or something? I'm just curious how that worked.  Any ideas?


texts: 700,000 BTC were stolen from MTGox. So are they actually spendable by the hacker or are they now just lost to the world? I can understand wallets being encrypted, but why aren't individual BTC encrypted with the owners private key so that a stolen BTC is worthless unless the owner unencrypts it first?


texts: Why do people mod the bios of his RX 480 card?

texts:
I have a single RX 480 card that I use to mine ethash at miningpoolhub.

On factory settings, I did 24Mhash/s

If I overclock the memory to 2250 MHz, I got 27.5 Mhash/s

Some people say that moding the bios can make things go to 31 Mhash/s

But how?

I can already overclock memory using msi burner. What else can bios mod do that normal overclocking cannot? Technically speaking?

Yes I know, overclocking memory alone won't get me to 31Mhash/s per card. But what is the BIOS mod did internally?


texts:
My brother and I had some dogecoins from way back.  He reformatted his hard drive at least once, maybe twice.
I have no hope in recovering them but I am going to try.  People are telling me to not even bother turning the computer on to use a program like Recuva or whatever.  They're telling me to keep it turned off and create an image of the hard drive.
I have no idea how to go about data recovery in a smart way.  If anyone has any advice it would be greatly appreciated.  If anyone has a data recovery company that is actually trustworthy and would likely not bone me, that would be great as well.  But I would like to approach this on my own if possible.


texts: if the cap is 21 million bitcoin does this mean that there will be only 21 million transaction?

texts: so as the tittle says , and if I got right , a bitcoin is given to the first miner who got the right hash , so with 21 million cap does this mean the limit of transactions is also 21 million transaction ?


texts: I transferred some bitcoin to my bitcoin core wallet, at the bottom it is still showing "Synchronizing with network" and my funds have not yet appeared. Did transferring funds to my wallet before this process was complete cause my funds to not go through? The site I transferred from did say successful transaction. Will my funds show up after the synchronizing process is complete?


texts: How do I load wallet.dat on new PC and import everything into Electrum?

texts:
My primary PC died last month due to what I believe is a motherboard error. My EVGA board displays "FF". The fans, drives, everything powers up as usual. But I don't hear any beep, no POST, no BIOS, just nothing.

Since then I've taken up residence on a box much more modest than what I'm used to, but I've used it as an opportunity to learn Linux. Nothing like jumping in head first.

Luckily I have a backup wallet.dat file taken at some point after my last known transaction. I changed the filename of the file in the directory, then renamed my backup as wallet.dat and loaded up Bitcoin Core on Linux Mint 13 Maya.

It was partially successful. I could view and export a list of every transaction I've ever made with my desktop wallet. I opened my CSV file in Calc and found the total sum of transactions left the balance equal to what I remember last having in the wallet.

However, the wallet has no balance and all the transactions have a "conflicted" status. Do I need to download the blockchain first? Is it worth my time to download bootstrap.dat?

After my funds are accessible in Bitcoin Core, how do I then move them to Electrum?


texts: If the private key(s) are/is in the wallet.dat file, then isn't it overly exposed to hackers?  Can't a hacker just read my C:[dir]\wallet.dat file and take all the bitcion?


texts: Will the fee for "bitcoin.it" decrease as the value of BTC increases?

texts:
I'm interested in contributing technical information to the Wiki page located on https://en.bitcoin.it  however they require editors to donate   0.01 BTC at the following page.

https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Special:BitcoinPayment

I'm not interested in spending $2 just to share research that I've worked hard on... and I think it has been this value was less than $1 when the feature was first implemented.

Will the donation value of 0.01 BTC decrease in time?


texts: Sending BTC from old QT Client V0.7 - Will coins arrive?

texts:
I have an old "BitCoin-QT" Core client at version 'V0.7 2-beta' - that I just want to move coins from, to a Ledger Nano, (and then not need to ever fire up this local QT software again).
My BitCoin-QT Core client is about 3 years out of date with regard to the Blockchain..

Without having to go through the whole Client Upgrade path.. last night I tried to move a small BTC transaction off via the Client as a Test.

After a few hours the transaction status on the client was given as "Status: 0/unconfirmed, broadcast through 28 nodes". I sent the nominal BTC transaction to an address beginning with "1B.." a legacy BTC address.

I looked this morning for my Transaction via the Bitcoin Block Explorer (blockchain.info) - but nothing was showing.

Is this telling me :

I just need to wait longer? (how long approx?),
or
My transaction will never get processed? (its in an old format or something). If so how would I claim the coins sent (and fees charged?) for this failed attempt?,
or
I definitely need to upgrade my QT core client first before I can send any coins from this old client?
If so, what is the Min QT Client version I should target to upgrade to ? (ie to avail of the latest Forks, BTC Cash offerings etc?).

Much thanks, L


texts:
A client have payment system that uses bitcoind wallet / daemon.

I know he can expand to litecoin / dogecoin by just copy litecoind / dogecoind then console commands are almost the same.

I am wondering if same possibility exists for Etherium?

What software I need in order to replace bitcoind? I googled already, but I can not find anything.


texts: I was recently told that each bitcoin has a serial number and can be uniquely identified. Is this correct?


texts:
I was reading https://github.com/bitcoinbook/bitcoinbook/blob/develop/ch05.asciidoc#user-stories and ran into this statement.

  In the first bitcoin wallet (now called Bitcoin Core), wallets were
  collections of randomly generated private keys. For example, the
  original Bitcoin Core client pregenerates 100 random private keys when
  first started and generates more keys as needed, using each key only
  once. Such wallets are being replaced with deterministic wallets
  because they are cumbersome to manage, back up, and import. The
  disadvantage of random keys is that if you generate many of them you
  must keep copies of all of them, meaning that the wallet must be
  backed up frequently. Each key must be backed up, or the funds it
  controls are irrevocably lost if the wallet becomes inaccessible. This
  conflicts directly with the principle of avoiding address reuse, by
  using each bitcoin address for only one transaction. Address reuse
  reduces privacy by associating multiple transactions and addresses
  with each other.

In the first part, it says multiple keys are generated and used only once. But in the second part, it says that the address reuse is a problem.

But if each key is used only once, how are they being reused?


texts: I had bitcoin stored on my phone, but then lost my phone, please help

texts: I had some bitcoins stored on my cell phone, but then it was stolen from me. How can I recover the bitcoins? Please help me!


texts:
BTC can't do transaction in 1/4000 times to what VISA does and then still claims that it will disrupt industry. The proof of work has limitations to scalability and in no way it can record transaction within one sec. To overcome this, segwit and lightning network is proposed but Segwit is not the solution as it will still take 10 mins minimum to process transaction with segwit....and lightning is not based on blockchain...eventually creating payment channels that can be done without POW and blockchain. So its moving back to traditional way of transferring money in the name of off-chain. There will be security and centralization issue again with LN. If I have to do off chain work without POW, I have already that option available with VISA and others. Why should I go for BTC? I do not see LN as any improvement but it is convenient option to do away with POW only and is more like a hack.

Is Lightning network really a hope for better scalability and low latency? Is it not moving away from blockchain thereby compromising security and decentralization?


texts:
I read some articles about Satoshi's history and stumbled upon this one:

  No one knows what Satoshi is up to, but one of the last emails he sent to a software developer, dated April 23 2011, said “I’ve moved on to other things. It’s in good hands with Gavin and everyone.”

Source: http://www.coindesk.com/information/who-is-satoshi-nakamoto/

This sentence of Satoshi is quoted many times in the web, but I can't find a source who published it or to which developer it was send. I know there are archives of Satoshi's mails but I didn't find this statement in any of them.

Does anybody have further information about it?


texts: What BIP32 derivation path does Electrum use for Multisig?

texts:
Same question as What BIP32 derivation path does Electrum use?

but for multisig. thanks.


texts: Without side chains will transaction fees rise as block rewards fall?

texts:
Transaction fees are currently minuscule when compared to block rewards. Even if transaction volume was 10x higher than it is now, this would be the case.

Is there any realistic scenario where transaction fees will not rise substantially to compensate miners for the effort as block rewards continue to fall over the next decade?


texts: How does the client know the number of keys and coins when recovering from a seed?

texts:
When I have a seed and use it to recover my keys, how does a client find out which keys I had and their respective amounts?

To clarify, I understand how a deterministic key works and that we can generate more keys from it. What I'm not sure is how the client knows how many private keys / wallets I had and the units of currency in each of them.


texts:
Recently I used Paxful for the first time I had bought 0.00022665 BTC and then had sent them to my Electrum wallet. The whole amount have arrived to my private wallet successfully, so that means that Paxful didn't charge me with any fees.
But when you use your private wallet such as Electrum you have to pay a large transaction fee just to get your transaction confirmed?
How does it work? Why doesn't Paxful wallet have transaction fees for outgoing transactions?


texts: Bitcoin scripts that force disclosure of the private key

texts:
Context: I am creating an example code that would demonstrate an atomic swap between Elements and Bitcoin, with the aim that the swap transactions cannot be trivially linked, as it would be with simple HTLC, where you can look for the same hash/preimage in both chains. This is because the key to disclose is actually a sum of keys, (A+B), and to claim the other side of the swap, another sum key, (A+C) is used. A, B, and C are only known to (one or both) participants.

I use CHECKSIGFROMSTACK on Elements side to force the counterparty to create a signature with fixed R value (the k would be known, and thus the other party can recover the key)

I was pointed to https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=321228.msg13072047#msg13072047, where gmaxwell tells that you can achieve the same effect of forcing privkey disclosure on unmodified Bitcoin.

He says that he is aware of two ways to achieve this on unmodified Bitcoin, one of them is:

OP_SIZE 57 OP_LESSTHANOREQUAL OP_VERIFY <P> OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY

My questions:

in the script listed above, the signature is forced to be of the length less than or equal 57. This seems to rely on known small R value, and assumption that other R values of equal or smaller size for some known k is not computationally possible to find.

in this post https://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/60420/what-does-the-special-form-of-the-base-point-of-secp256k1-allow an R value with 90 leading zero bits is given. S would need to be <= 29 bytes in size with R length of 21 bytes (166 bit), for signature to fit into 57 byte limit (29+21+6+1=57). To satisfy this script using this known small R, the creator of the signature would need to search for the message to sign that would result in a signature with len(S) <= 29. Is this tight limit chosen to reduce 'wiggle room' for bruteforcing R ?
What is the second method to achieve this on unmodified Bitcoin ?
If these methods work, why they have not been widely used instead of HTLC constructs, given that these methods (or at least the presented one) are not much more complex implementation-wise, but are more private (because there is no public shared hash/preimage) ? What are the downsides of these methods, versus HTLC ?

(Note: The questions above are more out of intellectual curiosity  than for concrete practical purpose, because when Schnorr signatures will be enabled on Bitcoin (I hope that won't be too long), adaptor signatures https://github.com/apoelstra/scriptless-scripts/blob/master/md/atomic-swap.md would be much better way to create atomic swaps without trivial link between transactions)


texts: What motivates nodes (or miners) to relay transactions?

texts: Miners want to include as many transactions as possible in their block to get the (optional) transaction fee. But what motivates them to relay a transaction further to the network? Is this done solely for the greater good?


texts:
I have three nodes in regtest environment l1, l2, and l3
l1 create a channel with l2
l2 create a channel with l3
l3 create an invoice for l1.
l1 can pays it because use the route l1-l2-l3
I presume that here c-lightning use HTLC to accomplish it.
Where can I debug the script?
I'd like to see something like this
IF
  # Payment if you have the secret R
  HASH160 <H> EQUALVERIFY
ELSE
# Refund after timeout.
<locktime> CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY DROP <Payee Pubic Key> CHECKSIG
ENDIF


texts: By byte size and number of inputs/outputs, what are the largest transactions in the block chain so far?

texts:
Disregarding value, but instead going by size in the protocol, what are the largest transactions so far in the history of Bitcoin, in terms of:

byte size
number of inputs ("vin")
number of outputs ("vout")
total number of inputs and outputs


texts: How do nodes contribute to security when the power comes from mining and what is the chain of transaction validation?

texts:
Blockchain security comes from the decentralisation of hashing power by miners. They append transactions to a block, perform PoW and add them to the blockchain when that validate blocks. How do nodes contribute to this? Doesn't all the validation power come from the longest chain, which is decided by miners. And how do miners detect an invalid block that has been added to the blockchain?
When transactions are broadcasted, I though that public key cryptography is used to verify the transaction. At what level does this happen? Do nodes do this, and if so, is it every single node? When a block is added, do miners perform steps on the block to make sure they are legit. And what does an illegitimate transaction look like?
Thanks


texts: Every Bitcoin qt transaction I send comes up uncomfirmed?

texts: I tried so many test transactions ranging from a couple of cents to 3 dollars to send to my new online wallets. For some reason it never gets confirmed even though I put a good miners fee (I have tried .00007 and even higher). I tried some of those transactions 4 months ago and still they have not even gone through. If someone can help I would be very grateful!