texts: Addresses appear empty in QT wallet, but not in the blockchain

texts:
I tried to move from qt to electrum, so I opened a new electrum wallet and transfer a small amount to it.
This worked fine, so I tried to transfer all the rest.

Now - the qt wallet appears to be empty, but so does the electrum wallet.
However - I ran listaddressgroupings on the qt console, and when I checked each address individually and added them up - all the bitcoins are there, so nothing went missing, but somehow my qt-wallet is oblivious to that.

I tried to wait for a week or two, but that hasn't changed.
I tried running qt with -rescan, but that hasn't worked either.

How can I make my qt wallet see balance in the addresses for what it really is?


texts: Does P2SH unlocking script only consist of operants?

texts:
I have a question about the P2SH unlocking script. Can I put common operants and operators in the P2SH unlocking script? And if yes, how can I create such script?

e.g.

unlocing script: <sig1> <pk1> CHECKSIG <pk1> <redeem script>

redeem script:  HASH160 <address> EQUALVERIFY <sig2> <pk2> CHECKSIG


texts: Any idea how to download a small part of the chain for testing purposes?

texts:
I am experimenting with Python and Rust libraries on my laptop. I don't actually want to get a node going on it and download the full chain; I just need some blocks to play with.

I want to keep my question general enough though; what is the easiest way for someone to download just a small portion of the blockchain, given specific beginning and end points in block numbers? Are there any libraries that would do that either in Python, JS, or Rust (or any other languages, so my question applies to all developers)?


texts: Is there any way to "revoke" a bitcoin address?

texts: Given e.g. one lost the private key to a specific bitcoin address, is there any way to make sure no more bitcoins can be transferred to it since it effectively became a bitcoin-furnace?


texts: Is there any way to recover a bitcoin private key using some parts of the key ?

texts: I have a bitcoin wallets private key , but it's incomplete like you can say it's 70% of the private key , there is some alphanumeric missing for the middle of the key , is there anyway to recover it using that 70% of it ?


texts: Obtain the information about a bitcoin address

texts: I have a bitcoin address. How do I get it's balance and the amount of BTC (preferably in Satoshi) it's ever sent and received? I don't want to use any third-party bitcoin services, I want to do it as directly as possible. How can I do that?


texts: How can I make my node a Lightning routing node?

texts:
I've spent some time setting up Umbrel on my rPi4, I've synced my Bitcoin Core wallet and funded two channels... Which I've now come to realize that's for me to make payments.
I was really hoping to use my BTC to help the growth of the Lightning network and facilitate payments by routing payments, can this be done with my current setup? Still so little info out there...


texts: Can I see a transaction sent to me if I haven't downloaded the whole blockchain?

texts:
Last received block was 12 weeks ago, and I'm still syncing. I have moved some bitcoins to this wallet from another, but I still can't see it in my inbox after a day.

Is it because I don't have all the blocks?


texts: What prevents a miner to be ignored by the other participants?

texts: What prevents that certain miners and the blocks they can contribute to the chain are not ignored? What do the other participants in the network gain from  accepting their answers to the puzzle?


texts: How do new nodes learn the topology of Lightning network?

texts:
Lightning nodes store a full network snapshots to calculate routes for outgoing payments. Nodes listen to announcements of new (public) channel openings and constantly update their local snapshots.

But where do new nodes (or nodes which return after being offline) get the information about the currently existing channels?


texts: Why mining pool has different connections ports for different difficulty

texts:
In the documentation of mining pool I found following

Connect Details:

(Difficulty 5 - GPU)    stratum+tcp://stratum.btcprivate.org:3032

(Difficulty 10 - GPU Farm)  stratum+tcp://stratum.btcprivate.org:3036

(Difficulty 15 - Nicehash)  stratum+tcp://stratum.btcprivate.org:3096

I see that only differents between difficulty. I have a farm of 6 card which connection should I use and why?

Any ideas? Thanks!


texts: Why does the Genesis block coinbase input script push bits and the value 0x04 before the famous "Chancellor" message?

texts:
According to the Wiki, the input script of the Genesis block consists of these bytes:

  04FFFF001D0104455468652054696D65732030332F4A616E2F32303039204368616E63656C6C6F72206F6E206272696E6B206F66207365636F6E64206261696C6F757420666F722062616E6B73

We can break this down as follows:

0x04: push 4 bytes
0xffff001d: the same value as the "bits" field of the Genesis block header
0x01: push 1 byte
0x04: push the value 4
remainder: ASCII encoding of the famous message "The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks"

As far as I know, the first two values pushed to the stack (0xffff001d and 0x04) are unnecessary. Of course, so is the chancellor message, but at least its meaning is a bit more clear.

However, the push bits/0x04 pattern also appears in other blocks. For example, the same pattern shows up in the next block (0e3e2357e806b6cdb1f70b54c3a3a17b6714ee1f0e68bebb44a74b1efd512098).

I found this question, with an answer that speculates:

  So 010445 are in fact part of 2 operations - 01 pushes 04 to the stack, 45 pushes the message to the stack. As to why push 04, beats me, maybe it was just testing to make sure something works? Some internal counter used by Satoshi during Genesis block creation? Since the script of a coin generation transaction is really meaningless, we might never know.

My questions:

Are these initial push data operations necessary?
If not, why do these items (bits and 0x04) appear in more than one block?
Was adding this prefix to the coinbase transaction input script part of the default behavior of the original Bitcoin client?
If not, wouldn't this be a signature for blocks that Satoshi mined?


texts: Why does bitcoin-cli not know about working directory of bitcoind?

texts:
I have a /ect/systemd/system/bitcoin.service with the following content and I am wondering, why bitcoin-cli getinfo tells me about a configuration file elsewhere:

error: Could not locate RPC credentials. No authentication cookie could be found, and RPC password is not set.  See -rpcpassword and -stdinrpcpass.  Configuration file: (/home/pi/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf)

Content of bitcoin.service, especially -conf=/home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf:

[Unit]
Description=Bitcoin daemon
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/bitcoind -conf=/home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf -pid=/home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/bitcoind.pid
# Creates /run/bitcoind owned by bitcoin
RuntimeDirectory=bitcoind
User=bitcoin
Type=forking
PIDFile=/home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/bitcoind.pid
Restart=on-failure
# Hardening measures
####################
# Provide a private /tmp and /var/tmp.
PrivateTmp=true
# Mount /usr, /boot/ and /etc read-only for the process.
ProtectSystem=full
# Disallow the process and all of its children to gain
# new privileges through execve().
NoNewPrivileges=true
# Use a new /dev namespace only populated with API pseudo devices
# such as /dev/null, /dev/zero and /dev/random.
PrivateDevices=true
# Deny the creation of writable and executable memory mappings.
MemoryDenyWriteExecute=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target


texts: How can I get the private key from multibit?

texts:
The support section of the MultiBit website shows a completely different UI as well as many options that the current version doesn't have.

How can I find my private key?


texts: What is the difference between ledger_hash and ledger_index in Ripple?

texts: In rippled's API, for example in account_info, we can see that ledger_hash and ledger_index are different from one another. ledger_hash is just a hash of the ledger. However, in this graphic we can see that ledger_index also looks like a hash of the ledger. There doesn't appear to be an entry for ledger_index in the Wiki, so what is the difference between those two?


texts: Is it possible to figure out whether two addresses are in the same wallet?

texts: I'm wondering, if I sent some bitcoins from one of my own addresses to another address in my wallet, will it be possible for someone to figure out that both addresses are in the same wallet? Or can I claim the other address is not my own and no one can find out?


texts:
Running litecoin-0.13.2 with testnet=1 I get "No block source available."

Do I need to add some nodes to litecoin.conf ? I tried adding some that I found from http://litecointools.com/ . Is there a more official list?


texts: Do miners have both the incentive and ability to keep the reward at 50BTC?

texts:
There has been some concern about the fact that transaction fees (in their current form) are not an adequate replacement for the current 50BTC block reward.  Gavin has said as much, as have others.  The issues of incentive misalignment are described in other threads.

I'm curious: as the 50BTC->25BTC block reward reduction approaches, there is a strong incentive for the miners to modify their clients to simply ignore this rule, continue producing 50BTC-reward-blocks, and ignore any blocks which try to reduce the reward.  It requires changing only a single line of code!

It is in the best interest of every miner to do this, and the miners decide what winds up in the block chain.  Therefore, I suspect that it might actually happen.  Is there reason to believe otherwise?

Obviously if more than half the miners agree, they can change any aspect of the bitcoin protocol.  But this is a bit different: it's easier to get a bunch of people to agree to not make a scheduled change in the protocol than to make a new change.  It's also easier to do this if omitting the scheduled change is in all the miners' best interest.  So I think that eliminating the reward reduction is a lot more likely than any other protocol modification.  "Oops, I forgot to reduce the reward I pay myself!"  It's also less likely to produce panicked "OMG they changed the rules of the game" and a crash in the BTC exchange rate, since what's really happening here is less change, not more.

Additional note: although pooled mining makes it easier for this to happen, no "agreement between pools" or collusion is actually needed.  Think of it this way: the block that is supposed to reduce the reward to 25BTC is very likely to be a forking point in the blockchain.  Every miner will decide for him/herself which side of the fork to work on.  The fact that there is more reward on the non-reduced side of the fork means that a rational miner will choose that side.  The fact that more miners work on that fork means it will ultimately become the "real" blockchain.


texts: In a confidential transaction, what guarantees that the sender packed the correct ephemeral public key for the pederson blinding factor?

texts:
I'm reading the Confidential Transactions paper, and it says that the blinding factor in the pedersen commitment is derived using a shared secret, but I can't understand what's preventing the sender from cheating a bit.

The sender generates a ephemeral private key, and derives the secret as (ephemeral private key * receivers public key), and is supposed to pack the ephemeral public key in the transaction, so that the receiver can derive the shared secret (receivers private key * ephemeral public key) and get the blinding factor and derive transaction amount.

What guarantees that the sender packed the right ephemeral public key? What's stopping the sender from packing a different ephemeral public key, preventing the receiver from figuring out the blinding factor and the transaction amount.

The sender might be up to mischief, or claim that he sent a transaction (and show the transaction ID as proof), and claim that the receiver (maybe an exchange) is not depositing the right amount.


texts: In what order do new blocks get processed?

texts:
Node A receives a newest block with height h1, which it determines to be valid, and therefore stores the block on disk. A little later, it receives another block with the same height h1 but a greater amount of proof of work than the previous one. What would node A do?

Also I am confused about the order of processing a new block. The order in the source code:

              success                          success
Check(block)----------->store block on disk------------------>ReceivedBlockTransaction-------->ActivateBestChain

If ReceivedBlockTransaction or ActivateBestChain were to fail, would the disk be rolled back or not? If it would rollback, why not put the receivedBlockTransaction and ActivateBestchain before store block on disk?


texts: How will multisig addresses work? Will they consist of multiple traditional addresses, or will they have some different structure? Will one be able to specify whether they will require 2 out of 2, 2 out of 3 or M out of N signatures? Where can I find out more about their specification?


texts: Bitcoin on a cloud-based hardware security module (HSM) by AWS

texts:
As far as I know AWS does not support the secp256k1 on their cloud-based hardware security module (HSM) called CloudHSM.

Gemini is using CloudHSM for their hot wallet.

How is it possible to implement such a solution?
Can such a solution be as safe as if the CloudHSM was supporting the secp256k1?


texts: Create a watch only wallet descriptor with bitcoin core

texts:
Trying to create a watch only wallet descriptor in bitcoin core client.
bitcoin-cli -named createwallet wallet_name=mywallet descriptors=true

This just returns an error: method not found. Furthermore running the command with -testnet returns that the server is not enabled, make sure using correct rpcport.
Any help greatly appreciated.


texts: Can more transactions be processed within a centralized bitcoin exchanges than in the rest of the bitcoin network?

texts: I've heard that centralized exchanges are more efficient, and that a centralized bitcoin system as a whole would allow for more transactions to be processed. Does that mean that within centralized bitcoin exchanges more transactions can be processed per second?


texts: Ripple XRP value and market capitalization

texts:
I'm interested to know why Ripple's value and market cap are increasing?

This is a 'utility system' that seems to counter price appreciation models/expectations (at least in my mind), yet XRP is appreciating...?

I'm confused by how this can happen?

Disclosure. I'm a litecoin guy (possibly part of the problem), and I don't mind the recent XRP events (only curious about what I am seeing here). ;)


texts: Bitcoins being sent to another addres during a transaction

texts:
I realized a few days back, that if I send some bitcoins to someone, then it shows in blockchain an extra amount sent to my own wallet. So if I send 0.5 BTC from wallet A to B then blockchain shows

A--> B 0.5
A-->A  1  (basically sending it to my wallet as well.)

Today I noticed a different wallet address during a transaction. So it was like

A--> B 0.2
A--> C 0.5

Checking address C on blockchain, it gets sent back to A in some time. But since this morning, the bitcoins haven't come back to A. If I open my wallet on multibit, it shows the correct balance. However on blockchain, it's 0.5 less. The funds from C have not been sent back to A, but it shows on multibit the right balance in A.


texts: Implementation of tokens/assets/colored coins on top of bitcoin lighning nodes / channels?

texts: I'm trying to research how tokens or colored coins would work on top of bitcoin lightning channels / nodes. Has any project tried to build token issuance on top of  the Bitcoin lightning network? How would that work exactly?


texts:
I would like to generate a bitcoin paper testnet wallet.
A paper wallet is a QR code of a private key and a QR code of a bitcoin testnet address, I assume it can be generate juste like this link does : https://api.qrserver.com/v1/create-qr-code/?size=150x150&data=privateKeyOrBtcAddress

But when I'm trying to read it via Testnet3 android app, funds are not recognized. When I read the QR Code from a QR Reader app, I see correctly the content (privateKey for instance).Should I conclude that the application has a problem with this feature or did I miss something ?


texts: Would it be possible to store hashes generated in a file, then brush through them to find out if they are under the target?

texts:
I have been wondering if it would be possible to generate hashes, store them in a file, then use them as hashes when mining. When you would mine, you would not generate the hashes, but instead, just compare them to the target. This would be much more efficient, right? Anyway, here is some psudo python code i made up:

import hashlib
while True:
    hash = hashlib generate random hashes
    file = open('hashes.txt', 'w')
    file.write(hash)

or something like that.


texts:
I keep hearing talks from Bitcoin evangelists that claim Bitcoin isn't governed by any central authority, rather it's governed by mathematics.

What exactly do they mean when they say "governed by mathematics"?

That the network is secure by means of math instead of some central authority (e.g. a bank overseeing everything)? If so, what math?  The math that makes PoW possible?


texts: Besides an IP address and broadcasting transactions, what other pieces of information can be derived from a Bitcoin node in the network?


texts:
I am getting Getting error at this line
var root = bitcoin.HDNode.fromSeedBuffer(seed);

  UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: TypeError: Cannot read property
  'fromSeedBuffer' of undefined

Here is the code snippet to generate bitcoin address:

'use strict'

var bip39 = require('bip39');
var bitcoin = require('bitcoinjs-lib');

var mnemonic = bip39.generateMnemonic();
if (bip39.validateMnemonic(mnemonic)) {
    console.log('\nThe mnemonic is \n' + mnemonic);
    var seed = bip39.mnemonicToSeed(mnemonic);
    var root = bitcoin.HDNode.fromSeedBuffer(seed);
    var dp = root.derivePath("m/140'/0'/0'/0/5");

    console.log('\nThe Address is \n' + dp.getAddress());
} else {

}

Where bitcoinjs-lib v4.0.0 and
      bip39 v2.5.0 and node v8.0


texts: Have there been any successful "airdrops"?

texts: Starting with Auroracoin, a lot of coins aimed to perform an "airdrop" and distribute their coins to certain groups of people. I am wondering, have there been any successful airdrops? If so, how did they accomplish this task? I was trying to follow these at some point, but I have never heard of any coin pulling it off.


texts: How can I withdraw my mbtc on my testnet 3 wallet?

texts:
Pls can you help me on how to exchange my mBtc on my testnet 3 wallet to my local currency and withdraw it? Pls tell me if this is possible..? I was paid to my testnet wallet and I  want to withdraw it.

Pls help


texts: How to calculate the minimum recommended hashrate for p2pool network?

texts:
I'm trying to add the current minimum required hashrate for miners on my p2pool frontend. I've seen such calculation for the litecoin network here.

For litecoin with quite a high p2pool rate and a low p2pool block spread setting the minimum recommended hashrate always seems to be very high, currently at around 2 MH/s.

Now I'm trying to figure out how this is calculated. I know the variables, currently for litecoin:

# Current snapshot:
diff_block  =         5895.581658 # Network difficulty (386M)
diff_share  =            3.919712 # P2pool share difficulty (257k)
hash_netwrk = 165000000000.0      # Network hashrate (165GH/s)
hash_p2pool =   1620000000.0      # P2pool hashrate (1.62GH/s)
block_24hr  =            5.51     # Expected blocks per day
block_sprd  =            3.0      # P2Pool blocks payout spread

For my calculations I assume I want to get static payouts every block, therefore I need to solve at least one share every 3 blocks with a diff of at least 257k.

solve_time  =  block_sprd / block_24hr * 24hr
solve_time  =           13.06715  # one target share every 13 hours

Now I know I need to find one share of at least 257k difficulty every 13 hours.

But now I get lost. How do I find out which hashrate do I need to find this share at this rate?

To find one 386M-share every 2.5 minutes I need 165GH/s.

# Difficulty; Blocktime; Hashrate
5895.581658; 150; 165000000000
3.919712; 47041.742; ???

But how many H/s do I need to find one 257k-share every 13 hours?

# Hashrate to find a block every 13 hours
47041.742 / 150 = 313.612
165000000000 / 313.612 = 526128472

To find one 386M-share every 13 hours I need 526MH/s.

# Hashrate to find a share every 13 hours
5895.581658 / 3.919712 = 1504.085
526128472 / 1504.085 = 349799.597

To find one 257k-share every 13 hours I need 350kH/s!? This differs from the link I posted above by factor 5. Where is my issue here? How to do this calculation right?


texts: Is there any way to track an individual bitcoin (or satoshi)?

texts:
For example, if I wanted to "collect" important bitcoins is there any way to track a coin rather than a series of transactions? If I wanted one of the bitcoins from the infamous "Bitcoin pizza" purchase, for example, is there any way to do so?

Perhaps the question I should be asking is more like "Do bitcoins themselves even exist or just the records of transactions?"


texts: Negative volumes returned from MtGox websocket api request

texts:
I am using MtGox's websocket api to construct an order book. The trouble I'm having is that every once in a while, the depth event will return an JSON object with negative volume and negatie volume_int

{
  "channel":"24e67e0d-1cad-4cc0-9e7a-f8523ef460fe",
  "depth":{
    "currency":"USD",
    "item":"BTC",
    "now":"1323644358437819",
    "price":"14.43",
    "price_int":"1443000",
    "total_volume_int":"849766000",
    "type":1,
    "type_str":"ask",
    "volume":"-2.71",
    "volume_int":"-271000000"
  },
  "op":"private",
  "origin":"broadcast",
  "private":"depth"
}

What does this mean? I'm wondering if it could perhaps be to indicate an order has been canceled


texts:
I am trying to set up bitcoind to start at boot as a specific user. I see the process start for a minute and then fail, following boot.

I can start bitcoin as the user just fine with a login and then just run bitcoind. But I cannot pull the same trick off in a boot script.

journlctl -b

Jun 05 16:43:09 mo.trader.com systemd[1]: bitcoind.service: Start operation timed out. Terminating.
Jun 05 16:43:09 mo.trader.com bitcoind[546]: 2020-06-05T15:43:09Z Shutdown requested. Exiting.
Jun 05 16:43:09 mo.trader.com bitcoind[546]: 2020-06-05T15:43:09Z Shutdown: In progress...
Jun 05 16:43:09 mo.trader.com bitcoind[546]: 2020-06-05T15:43:09Z scheduler thread exit
Jun 05 16:43:09 mo.trader.com bitcoind[546]: 2020-06-05T15:43:09Z Shutdown: done
Jun 05 16:43:11 mo.trader.com systemd[1]: bitcoind.service: Control process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Jun 05 16:43:11 mo.trader.com systemd[1]: bitcoind.service: Failed with result 'timeout'.
Jun 05 16:43:11 mo.trader.com systemd[1]: Failed to start bitcoin.

.

cat /etc/systemd/system/bitcoind.service
[Unit]
Description=bitcoin
#After=network.target
After=multi-user.target
Conflicts=rescue.target
AllowIsolate=yes

[Service]
Type=forking
User=bitcoinusr
Group=bitcoinusr

Environment=BITCOIN_PID=/mnt/bitcoin/bitcoin/bitcoind.pid
Environment=BITCOIN_HOME=/home/bitcoinusr/.bitcoin

ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/bitcoind
ExecStop=/bin/kill -15 $MAINPID

[Install]
#WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=default.target

.

cat ../bitcoinusr/.bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
blocksonly=1
dbcache=50
maxorphantx=10
maxmempool=100
datadir=/mnt/bitcoin/bitcoin

How do I get bitcoind to start at boot as user?

UPDATE:

It was a total systemd failure. it actually failed with 'service bitcoind start'. It just took a while to fail out.


texts:
BitGo advertises, that each online wallet you create is a multi-sig. That is cool, since I see it as more unlikely to someone guess 2 of the private keys.

What I don't understand is how this multi-sig works, when I just go online by signing in with my email and starting a transaction. Where is the multi-sig part? It is just BitGo signing the transaction, but when am I using my PrivKey?

I hope the question makes sense. Thanks in advance


texts: How to convert channel id from c-lightning to lnd?

texts:
Sorry for the dumb question, but I'm not very good in lightning network...
 So I have two daemons: c-lightning and LND.

Channels from the c-lightning comes like this 505580:1917:1;
Channels from the LND comes like this 556369376388317185;

Is it possible to bring them to a single format? For example c-lightning convert to simple integer like LND in order to find same channels from both daemons?


texts: How to model randomness in validators selection in PoS?

texts:
I searched a lot here and on the Internet to figure how how randomness selection of validators in PoS works? I understand it is a random selection based on fraction of stake a validator has, similar to PoW.

In PoW, we can model block arrival as a possion process. E.g., if block interval is 10 seconds,, we expect on average a block to be created each 10 seconds. You can get two blocks where the time between them less than a second (hence memoryless process). The chance each miner has for each block depends on its hash power fraction, but random in terms of assigning miners to blocks.

Now, how block arrival and assignment differs in PoS? from what i think is the same as in PoW. From other sources, i read time is divided into slots, where each slot is assigned to a validator (say deterministic). But not really understand how this differs from PoW. Any plain English explannation is appreciated (without too much technical details).


texts: Does total size of the transaction affect confirmation time?

texts:
Suppose one pays 1 satoshi/byte for their transactions.

Will the confirmation of the two transaction below be different?

A) a transaction of 1 inputs and 1 output (~192 bytes)

B) a transaction of 1000 inputs and 1 output (~148044 bytes)


texts:
It has been more than 48 hours and my transaction is still unconfirmed. I'm using Blockchain wallet for awhile now and this has been the first time happening. I was wondering what is happening?
https://blockchain.info/tx/f7bc86411b86473f5b33a15d61804e57652a7efceed6ddd5f1d64df076467cfe


texts: Can PUSHDATA/OP_RETURN be used to break a trail of transactions permanently?

texts:
I was reading the Bitcoin wiki on how the Bitcoin protocol has no "From" address and the closest thing to a from address is a "previously receiving address".

The article then proceeds to show a transaction that breaks Bitcoin chain explorers: 54fabd73f1d20c980a0686bf0035078e07f69c58437e4d586fb29aa0bee9814f

This is indeed true. Web-based explorers such as blockchain.com and BlockCypher cannot resolve the Input address.

I see in the transaction's details that the tx creator has placed a PUSHDATA(72)[somedata] operation at the Input.

Can this effectively be used to break/hide a Bitcoin transaction chain? If yes, what is the point for alternative Privacy-oriented coins such as Monero, when absolute privacy in transactions (hidden-input transactions) can be created in Bitcoin?

I'm probably misunderstanding something, and If you can point me in the right direction, I'd be more than grateful.


texts:
At the same time, A and B succeed in resolving the "Proof of work" challenge and both add a new block to their local blockchain, then they propagate the new blockchains to other nodes. I have 2 questions:

1) If a node X receives first the blockchain from A, and it approves it, when it receives the blockchain from B, it simply reject it ?

2) If a node X receives first then blockchain from A, and then the B's blockchain in which also a node C has put another correct block (so is longer then A's blockchain), does the node X reject A's blockchain (applying the longest chain rule) and use the other blockchain as the correct one ?

2) Due to latency a miner node may not have the complete list of transactions, so it may start to build an incorrect block (for example some transaction misses). If the miner recognize is building an incorrect block (because for example, it received other transactions while it was building the block) it simply throws away the block and start building another one?


texts: How can I create a node on Liquid Sidechain?

texts: I want to create a node on Liquid Sidechain so that I can integrate Liquid Network with my decentralized exchange.


texts: Can I connect to Litecoin, Dash, BitcoinCash, Doge, etc. RPC with Bitcoin RPC client?

texts:
I want to set up a few nodes for different Bitcoin-derived cryptocurrencies and regularly query them for data via the JSON-RPC API.

The thing is: I can't find much information on any other RPC API except for Bitcoin one. I'm assuming it's because all the Bitcoin-derived cryptocurrency nodes have the same API. So, can I just use, for instance, Python Bitcoin JSON-RPC client to connect to all of them just by changing connection strings?

Sorry for the sloppy wording and stuff. I'm just stunned that there's so little information I was able to find.


texts: How to use Electrum with a local regtest network?

texts:
The problem

I have a regtest network running in 127.0.0.1:18443.
I can access to regtest with user:123.
I would like to use Electrum (v4.0.2) with my local regtest but I cannot realize how to do that.

What I tried
When I run:
electrum --regtest

The Electrum console opens as expected but the status is not connected:

My ~/.electrum/regtest contains:
{
    "auto_connect": false,
    "blockchain_preferred_block": {
        "hash": "0f9188f13cb7b2c71f2a335e3a4...........a11466e2206",
        "height": 0
    },
    "check_updates": false,
    "config_version": 3,
    "dont_show_testnet_warning": true,
    "gui_last_wallet": "/home/xxx/.electrum/regtest/wallets/default_wallet",
    "is_maximized": false,
    "oneserver": false,
    "recently_open": [
        "/home/xxx/.electrum/regtest/wallets/default_wallet"
    ],
    "rpcpassword": "123",
    "rpcuser": "user",
    "server": "127.0.0.1:18443:s",
    "show_addresses_tab": true
}

I changed rpcpassword and rpcuser with the user:pass of my local regtest, but I'm still unable to connect Electrum with my local network.
My questions

What am I doing wrong?
What does the "s" mean in 127.0.0.1:18443:s?
What's running in 127.0.0.1:51002?


texts: What would a full node do if it finds an error?

texts:
Full Nodes are supposed to validate every transaction and block in the blockchain, and provide valuable links for distributing blocks.  And because the consensus algorithm is extremely good, there are no invalid transactions in the block chain.

But if an invalid transaction was somehow created on a mined block, and identified by a full node, how would the node respond?  Would it show an error to the local user?  Distribute some sort of warning or notice on the network?  Simply crash?


texts: Are there alternatives for proof of work?

texts:
Bitcoin uses proof of work to secure the network, Ripple uses a global consensus system and PPCoin uses proof of stake.

Are there any known alternatives to the above methods?


texts:
Following this guide, I'm trying to learn how to mine a genesis block, not to launch another altcoin or anything, blockchain databases are going to be important and I want to be ahead of the curve.

I'm using this script and working with the litecoin source. I have only changed the following:

find LoadBlockIndex() function, inside, change:
    - paraphrase (pszTimestamp) to any recent news phase.
    - get the latest unix time (do a google), and put in block.nTime.
    - set any nNonce (doesn't really matter)
you can change the time/nonce for testnet too, if you want to use it.

Those variables are now found in chainparams.cpp and I didn't change the testnet time/nonce.

After compiling when I try to run litecoind I get the following error:

litecoind: chainparams.cpp:220: CTestNetParams::CTestNetParams(): Assertion `hashGenesisBlock == uint256("0xf5ae71e26c74beacc88382716aced69cddf3dffff24f384e1808905e0188f68f")' failed.
Aborted

If anyone can help or point me in the direction of some modern documentation I'd me most grateful :)


texts: What makes an unconfirmed tx 'suspicious'? (likely to be replaced or never confirm)

texts:
When looking at Bitcoin unconfirmed transactions, I'm trying to distinguish between txs that are likely to confirm (whether that be in the first next block or in 2 hours) versus txs that are likely to be replaced, or never to confirm at all.

Obviously, txs with the opt-in RBF flag fall in the latter category.

But I guess there are other criteria, such as:

having an extremely low fee, or even zero fee.
Having lots of dust outputs.
Depending on unconfirmed inputs.

Anything else I should take into consideration? What other factors could make a tx less likely to end up confirmed?

For example, besides dust output, do dust (i.e. many small) inputs make a tx less sure to confirm? (other than more inputs causing larger tx data, thus resulting in a lower fee when measured in satoshis per KB)


texts: If there are a finite number of ripples, and ripple transaction fees get destroyed with each transaction, then wont they eventually run out?


texts: Extra Charge for Recurring Transactions on Coinbase

texts: I had a recurring transaction for $1.00 a month posted to my account. For a while the transaction in Coinbase would read $1.00 for some bitcoin. The bitcoin amount would change but never the dollar amount. Now the dollar and the bitcoin amount is changing, to the point that I enter $1.00 a month and when the actual transaction post, the usd dollar amount says $3.00 and some change, why is the dollar and the bitcoin amount changing? Am I being charged for higher fees or something now?


texts: Why did Bitcoin lose value so fast in early January 2015?

texts: What on earth is driving the price of Bitcoin and other alternative currencies down lately? It's one thing for it to go down a bit but losing practically 80% of its value in less than a year? I feel like bitcoin is coming to a complete collapse. A list of the most important factors and a detailed explanation would be great guys.


texts: Official Canadian source saying bitcoin is not legal tender?

texts:
I've been reading a lot that Canada no longer considers bitcoin legal tender.

  "Only Canadian bank notes and coins are recognized as legal tender in
  Canada. Bitcoin digital ‘currency’ is not legal tender in Canada,” an
  official from Canada’s finance department said in an emailed
  statement.

It can be read in all of these places:

Canada Real Time
Memeburn
The Wall Street Journal

among others. However, not a single one that I can find sites the source document. They all just seem to refer to each other. Does anyone have a copy of the email or government source document stating this? I'll also accept proof that the document never existed as a valid answer.


texts: If I buy a house for Bitcoin directly, do I owe the government taxes in Bitcoin or in fiat?

texts:
If Sue buys a house for 1 Bitcoin, that is, giving the 1 BTC directly to the person selling the house (no fiat involved), does she have to pay a % of that in Bitcoin to the government, or do they demand a fiat %?
If the latter, since Sue has no money on her bank account, she will face the situation of being unable to pay the taxes.
And to get more fiat money, she would have to sell Bitcoin to get fiat money to pay the first taxes, but then she owes more taxes on that!
Isn't this an impossible, eternal loop? Doesn't it prevent anyone from actually using their Bitcoin unless they also have tons of fiat money saved up which they are comfortable burning away for nothing just to pay taxes on their even more hard-earned Bitcoin?


texts: What is the "witness reserved value" for BIP-141?

texts:
BIP-141 defines a witness reserved value as part of a flexible commitment structure:

Double-SHA256(witness root hash|witness reserved value)

The purpose is to support commitments (i.e., data associated with a block) beyond the witness root hash. That part makes sense, but it seems like the value of witness reserved value should be defined in BIP-141. For example, should it be omitted altogether when hashing the witness root hash? Should it be set to 0x00? Some other value?


texts: Sending P2SH transaction with non-standard script

texts:
I'm trying to send transaction with script:

ScriptSig: OP_PUSHDATA<Sig> OP_PUSHDATA<Data1> OP_PUSHDATA<Data2> OP_PUSHDATA<Data3> OP_PUSHDATA<RedeemScript>

Since the data is less than 75 bytes in the raw transaction performed direct pushes.

RedeemScript: 2OP_DROP OP_2DROP OP_PUSHDATA<PubKey> OP_CHECKSIG

RedeemScriptHash160 of 6d6d2202ada9884dbd1e8bd90968ba66256f017cd77d83595027f7929ae3537f98c92d4aac=738292fc46dd7af803bd56035d0988af96a31681

ScriptPubKey: OP_HASH160 <redeemScriptHash> OP_EQUAL

But I get error when sending raw transaction:

  code=-26, message=16: mandatory-script-verify-flag-failed (Script
  evaluated without error but finished with a false/empty top stack
  element)

Could someone help to understand what is wrong with that script?
This this my transaction:

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

{
  "result": {
    "txid": "441cf52028ee0acc8b4076681c7fd46dad03501be62c6b0050ca59090fa52973",
    "hash": "dad2b4c56556b74d87243149ca3384ce04584d3bd8d21d80e291c4f9eed7e3f8",
    "version": 2,
    "size": 317,
    "vsize": 235,
    "locktime": 0,
    "vin": [
      {
        "txid": "ba1da008a017aef58fe929cc4afeb52cf77110fff5721aa9487ffb4d6f35152f",
        "vout": 0,
        "scriptSig": {
          "asm": "0014ac09dd336a6fc10034fc44dcb706855668921ce7 1f8b0800ffc1765400038d78055c545df3ff5d4a 1f8b0800ffc1765400038d78055c545df3ff5d4a 1f8b0800ffc1765400038d78055c545df3ff5d4a 6d6d2202ada9884dbd1e8bd90968ba66246f017cd77d83595027f7929ae3537f98c92d4a OP_CHECKSIG",
          "hex": "160014ac09dd336a6fc10034fc44dcb706855668921ce7141f8b0800ffc1765400038d78055c545df3ff5d4a141f8b0800ffc1765400038d78055c545df3ff5d4a141f8b0800ffc1765400038d78055c545df3ff5d4a246d6d2202ada9884dbd1e8bd90968ba66246f017cd77d83595027f7929ae3537f98c92d4aac"
        },
        "txinwitness": [
          "30450221009108d4e65a34fb50cd3283b6386a679f0dfc2b5fe97e3b3c3f6b8320814b3a2902204631daf2bb93605c9e079750092f304966b69fe28ce7701f4bc677714bca23af01",
          "02ada9884dbd1e8bd90968ba66256f017cd77d83595027f7929ae3537f98c92d4a"
        ],
        "sequence": 4294967295
      }
    ],
    "vout": [
      {
        "value": 0.31,
        "n": 0,
        "scriptPubKey": {
          "asm": "OP_HASH160 738292fc46dd7af803bd56035d0988af96a31681 OP_EQUAL",
          "hex": "a914738292fc46dd7af803bd56035d0988af96a3168187",
          "reqSigs": 1,
          "type": "scripthash",
          "addresses": [
            "2N3mz7o8v3YT4arXdQ5p8So6q3FUGjhUpEE"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "error": null,
  "id": "curltext"
}


texts: How to execute bitcoin transactions in a decentralized way?

texts:
I'm working on a project to automate donating bitcoins to charity every time Elon Musk mentions #Bitcoin on Twitter. To make this possible, people who want to donate would need to send bitcoins to an address holding all the coins in the meantime. And then when the condition is met (Elon mentions #bitcoin in a tweet), the bitcoins would be sent to the bitcoin address of a charity.
Obviously for security reasons, I shouldn't know the private key of the address holding the donations or that would allow me to steal the donations. So I'm trying to figure out how can the donations be sent to charity without any one person knowing the private key of the wallet?


texts:
How does the implementation of merged mining affect the global hash rate of alt chains?

Does one solution fit all?  Does one solution fit some?  Does the rate of "solutions that will fit" decrease the more forks that it is tested against?

An explanation of how merged mining actually works would be excellent.


texts:
I want to replicate mnemonic code with terminal.
the steps are:

Create a random sequence (entropy) of 128 to 256 bits.
Create a checksum of the random sequence by taking the first (entropy- length/32) bits of its SHA256 hash.
Add the checksum to the end of the random sequence.
Divide the sequence into sections of 11 bits.
Map each 11-bit value to a word from the predefined dictionary of 2048 words.
The mnemonic code is the sequence of words.

I can see this image

And I take this entropy

0c1e24e5917779d297e14d45f14e1a1a

If I follow the image, I create the checksum

printf 0c1e24e5917779d297e14d45f14e1a1a | xxd -r -p | sha256sum -b

result

76e57a90f93135e97ce700a9e79196ba46315d65e696d0a4518270a8de3e80e4

Then take 4 bits (0,5 byte => 1 char ) and append to my entropy with this result:

0c1e24e5917779d297e14d45f14e1a1a7

Now I have 132 bits And I have to split in 12 segments of 11 bits each

I try to convert in base 2

 echo "ibase=16; obase=2; 0C1E24E5917779D297E14D45F14E1A1A7" | bc

11000001111000100100111001011001000101110111011110011101001010010111111000010100110101000101111100010100111000011010000110100111

But the result is not correct, If I put that entropy in https://iancoleman.io/bip39/#entropy-notes I can see that result

00001100000 11110001001 00111001011 00100010111 01110111100 11101001010 01011111100 00101001101 01000101111 10001010011 10000110100 0011010

But I don't understand How can I obtain that

00001100000 = 96 = army


texts: Can I lose my Bitcoin.com wallet if the company and the website database are destroyed?

texts:
I am planning to convert a part of my fiat currencies into BTC. I see that web wallet are a good balance between ease of use and security as it prevents breaking a device, being robbed physically, etc.

However I still have a question that the website support could not clearly answer: what if the website and the associated company are completely destroyed (bankrupt, whatever...) ?

Will my 12-word pass phrase still be useful to recover my BTC into another web-wallet ?

Thanks


texts: Bare minimum system requirements for Core

texts:
The Bitcoin.org page on Bitcoin Core Requirements and Warnings lists three types of setups:

#
Type
Disk Gb
Gb / mo
RAM Mb
Windows

1
Bare Min (default)
350
8 / 150
512
7/8.x

2
Bare Min (custom)
5
5 / 0.3
256
7/8.x

3
Minimum Recommended
350
15 / 150
1,024
7/8.x/10

I don't think I want to dedicate 1/3 Tb to running Bitcoin Core, so #1 and #3 are impractical, but #2 seems feasible. However, there are two problems with #2:

The download specs for all three types have the footnote, "Plus a one-time 340 GB download the first time you start Bitcoin Core." That seems like a contradiction of the requirement of only 5 Gb of disk space for type #2. So which of the following is correct?

The footnote should not appear in type #2, or
The Disk space spec of 5 Gb is wrong, or
I'm allowed to discard the initial download after starting Core.

The spec says type #2 is not compatible with Windows 10. Is that true?

Summary: For the Bare Minimum (With Custom Settings), i.e., type #2 above:

Is the spec of 5 Gb minimum disk space correct? How is that not a contradiction of the footnote stating a requirement of an initial download of 340 Gb?
Is it compatible with Windows 10, even though that OS is not listed in the spec?


texts: How will Ripple handle the 50,000+ advertised TPS?

texts:
I've tried wrapping my head around the Ripple "consensus process". From my understanding, Ripple creates a new ledger version every 4 seconds, computed by a set of "validating nodes".
But herein lies my question, how will the validating nodes push a new ledger version at the scale of their advertised capacity[1]? How would validating nodes with slower connections keep up?
[1]: https://ripple.com/xrp/


texts: What was the original rationale for limiting the maximum push size?

texts:
The current Bitcoin client filters out any pushes beyond a certain size.

static const unsigned int MAX_SCRIPT_ELEMENT_SIZE = 520; // bytes
[...]
if (vchPushValue.size() > MAX_SCRIPT_ELEMENT_SIZE)
    return set_error(serror, SCRIPT_ERR_PUSH_SIZE);

What's the point of doing this? Does it prevent an attack?

How difficult would it be to change this? Would increasing this constant require a soft/hard fork?


texts: Is there a Bitcoin exchange comparison site (fees, details) like distrowatch.com or http://cmsmatrix.org/?

texts:
Is there anybody that knows of a site that does a fairly thorough comparison of all currently active exchanges, and their fees especially. Like there is distrowatch.com and cmsmatrix.org.

The closest i've seen is on the bitcoin wiki : https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Buying_bitcoins (and related pages)

anyone?


texts: I may have to get a new phone very soon.  When I install Copay on the new phone how do I log in to access my account?  Currently on the phone I have it is permanently logged in.  I see no option to log out.  So again, when I install the app on a new phone how will I get into my account because I have no recorded log info.


texts: How to completely empty wallets - problem with fees

texts:
I have some Bitcoin and Litecoin wallets with very small amount of BTC/LTC in them.

I want to completely empty these wallets - send all the BTC/LTC them to another address. This address can belong to me or to the others (donation etc.).

The Bitcoin-Qt doesn't allow to send from these wallets because transaction fees are higher than the amount in the wallets. It seems that I cannot "force" this client to use smaller fees or even no fee at all.

Can I use other wallets to do this? Which ones (Electrum?)?

What alternatives do I have with with Litecoins? There seems to be only one reasonable client (Litecoin-Qt).


texts:
Where can I check the output logs generated from LogPrint() statements in the bitcoind source code.

PS: Please do not confuse this with the LogPrintf() statement, which logs the output into debug.log file.


texts: How much out of order are the blocks stored in the blk*.dat files?

texts:
To be more exact: Given two blocks A and B, with heights A < B, but with positions in the blk file (we'll call them pA and pB) pA > pB.

What is the maximum amount of blocks that there could be stored in a blk*.dat file, between pB and pA?

For instance, let's say this is a blk*.dat file:

C D B E F G A H I

We can see here that block A is stored 3 blocks later than B, despite A having a lower height than B. Is there a maximum amount for this value (which in this case is 3)?


texts: Is the hdSeedid in Bitcoin Core 0.17 RPC the actual seed itself?

texts:
I'm trying to find out the seed for the HD wallet in the 0.17 release of Bitcoin Core. I used the getwalletinfo command in the RPC console which produced information which includes a string that it calls hdseedid, which curiously is the same as the string it calls hdmasterkeyid.

My question is - is that string the actual HD seed itself, and if not, how would I find/display it?

Any clarifications appreciated.


texts: Understanding "Bitcoin Inflation vs. Time" chart

texts:
I keep seeing this chart on many sites. This discussion page offers a vector version, so I presume it was generated by the author of the post.

Now, while I understand what the graph is meant to show, I struggle to understand how it's generated, i.e. what function produces the two Y's plotted on the X (210k blocks steps).

Could someone clarify this for me?

Thanks!


texts: How do I deploy Qbit Ninja Server developed by Nicolas Dorier on a production server?


texts:
I sent 2.1439245 bitcoins to
1AEcB37MngXzuvailFr1f31qobvzBFXF4e9
on May 27 and the transaction has still not been received. I contacted the merchant that I bought from and they said that they have not received any bitcoins and I should claim for a refund.
The transaction number is
6ff626d639d4fb9658ecaff


texts: Historical rollbacks of Bitcoin and Etheruem blockchain

texts: I'm trying to get all historical rollbacks of Bitcoin and Ethereum. I get that there were hard-forks (e.g. DAO incident for Ethereum). How about rollbacks because of attack or miners failed to validate the block, etc.? Appreciate it if anyone knows or can point me to some external resources


texts: Given I can receive a double spend and potentially re-spend it after 1 confirmation, what happens to that transaction once the double spend is detected during a blockchain reorg?


texts: A Butterflylabs 5 GH/s Bitcoin Miner running at 270 Watts?

texts: A 5 GH/s Bitcoin Miner is running at around 270 Watt. I tested it with an Wattmeter. Is that a reasonable amount of Watt? In the comparison list on Bitcoin.it it says that those devices are running at 30 Watts! What is wrong with this miner?


texts: Double spend attack by sending higher fee transaction directly to the pools possible?

texts:
The standard client prioritizes TXs by the time of receipt, e.g. a conflicting transaction will not be relayed. This is not enforced by the network, though. Is there anything that would prevent this scenario from happening with 0-confirmations?:

Send 0.01btc fee TX to 0-confirmation accepting merchant.
Receive digital good.
Send 0.02btc fee TX directly to "all" the major pools/miners.
Miners will include the higher fee TX because they make more profit from it. (Not sure they currently do that but they could.)
brag about successful double spend

Is there anything but worry about their reputation keeping pools/miners from dropping lower fee TXs in favor of higher fee TXs?


texts: 0 connections now, but I had been using Bitcoin QT for a while without problems

texts:
I had been using my Bitcoin client for months on my Windows computer running XP.

One day, I have trouble connecting to anything else on the internet, but my Bitcoin client seems to be running okay. When I restart my computer, my internet eventually comes back, but I've had "0 connections" to the Bitcoin network for the past 2 weeks since.

I tried sending a test payment, and that payment was deducted from my wallet, but it never got broadcast. I figure it will get out once I finally figure out my connection issues.

I have my wallet backed up on a flash drive, but loading up that wallet data did nothing to help me establish network connections.

I am NOT stuck syncing. I'm just not connected or syncing at all. Everything else on my computer is otherwise running fine.

What is the best address and port to connect to? Are there good backup options?
If all of my addresses are correct, how do I figure out why I have 0 connections to the Bitcoin network, and how can I either reset those connections or otherwise get up and running again?


texts: blockchain.info says transaction is complete but electrum dosnt show it

texts: https://blockchain.info/address/12tFogx4zzsZzCwWAXfb36gaPHkt3FNU3P?filter=5# is the transaction page for my wallet address help? i just got $9 and i want it in my wallet but its not there (its almost been 24 hours and blockchain says i have it??) i just recently upgraded to electrum 1.9.4


texts: What are Jaxx wallet's slow, average and fast mining fees?

texts:
In the settings for Jaxx Wallet, under BTC Mining Fee, there are three options:

Fast
Average
Slow

How do I find out the actual transaction fee for each of these settings?


texts: Can wallets be shared by different machines?

texts:
I have a bitcoin client installed on machine one. Let's say it has 5 coins in there. I then have another machine, with another client on it. Can both machines see the same wallet?

Do I have to have a per machine wallet? What if I want to pool my coins in one place?


texts:
Thinking about different difficulty adjustments for protecting new coins against attacks from big miners. 2017 when BCH forked from BTC, BCH added the EDA (emergency difficulty adjustment) and updated later to DAA ( difficulty adjustment algorythm ). Another approach of protecting the blockchain is DigiShield, the difficulty adjustment that is used by Dogecoin.
What is the difference between DigiShiel and the DAA of BCH ?
Wich difficulty adjustment is better and why ?


texts: Is it legal to trade bitcoins on coinbase/mtgox in the US?

texts: I am just wondering whether it is legal to trade bitcoins in the US just like we do for stocks? I see similar legal questions about selling OTC, but I am more interested in buying and selling in well known exchanges like coinbase/mtgox etc. Can I just trade them like normal stocks, as long as I pay taxes? Or do I need to register with FinCEN to trade?


texts: getrawtransaction - find destination and "change" addresses

texts: How to get destination address and amount from result of getrawtransaction and how to distinguish it from "change" address using rpc api.


texts: Resources of a miner's reward in Bitcoin?

texts:
To compensate the miner who could solve the PoW as the first one, they will receive some bitcoins as a reward for keeping  them motivated due to the costs related to mining process (electricity and hardware).

Does this reward include both following parts?

Newly minted bitcoins.
Transactions fees included in winner's block.

If yes, the second part seems logical and the coins can be provided simply through the account of the participants who submitted the transactions.

However, concerning the first part i.e. "newly minted bitcoins",

(a) What is the reason to add this complementary reward?

(b) How are those new coins minted? And how to calculate the amount of those new coins?


texts:
I am missing BTC in my personal copay wallet.

https://live.blockcypher.com/btc/address/1HJKHvzxRjKFDcHopyLqLgL3RhWAGipgYY/

https://live.blockcypher.com/btc/tx/7b99ec55d467578ec3fece195e21a2922f974768210d9ec349dbcd9c57a768e4/


texts: Do I need to mix my coins to stay anonymous?

texts:
I think my Bitcoins are anonymous if:
I receive bitcoins from "Person A" on address 1. then I transfer them to address 2. and then to address 3.
Because:
Nobody knows that I own address 2.

Is this correct? An analyst can suspect that I own address 2 but he can't proof this.


texts: Blockchain.info, How to receive new transactions (not websocket)

texts:
I'm trying to build safe transaction-confirmation app and need to synchronize new not-processed transactions.

For example I monitor address A and have processed last transaction B,
how can I ask blockchain "give me all new transactions for address A, which occurred after transaction B",

or the only way here is to use

  /address/[***]?format=json

url with offset and limit options ? Thanks


texts:
I am thinking of putting 20 antminer S9 and start mining Will it be profitable as I have calculated monthly electrical bill of 2500$(USD) in my country??
Also  should i be mining alone or join a pool?
At last will it be worth the money and how much should I expect in return?


texts: How to debug a failed restore of a Namecoin wallet?

texts:
I bought some Namecoins a while back. With the upcoming Merged Mining patch, I reinstalled Namecoin 0.3.24.63 on my newly formatted computer, copied my wallet.dat from my backup to the right folder, and ... can't seem to figure out how to view my funds.

I ran namecoind -rescan, and then:

> namecoind listaccounts

{
    "" : 0.00000000
}

> namecoind listreceivedbyaddress
[
]

Am I using the right commands here? Is my wallet corrupt/empty? Should I just wait for the blockchain to download? In Bitcoin, if I remember correctly transactions I made using a backup wallet were visible immediately (grayed out) even before the blockchain was downloaded. Any more suggestions?

Update - I have all the blocks.

  namecoind.exe getblockcount
  19062


texts: Does, or will, Bitcoin Core support Lightning?

texts:
I vaguely understand what Lightning is, and would like to take advantage of it. However, actually using it seems extremely "fuzzy".
If it requires some separate software to be trusted, installed, configured and maintained, then I'm afraid it's off the table for me.
I already run Bitcoin Core. Will that get built-in support for Lightning? Or maybe it already has it?
I'm very worried that potentially large fees will prove a major obstacle in front of potential paying customers who don't want to spend so many satoshis just to make such a small payment to my service. I wouldn't want to pay the same amount in fees as what the service costs, myself. That's why Lightning appears to attractive to me, regardless of the speed.
If this thing is going to remain an "add-on", which you need to separately worry about and fiddle with, I'm afraid it will go the way of the Sega 32X or Mega CD. I really hope that's no longer the case, or at least won't be for much longer.


texts: Merging blockchains after algorithm change

texts:
When a cryptocoin changes algorithm (eg. scrypt to X11), how does one achieve the merging of the two blockchains?

I'm assuming that they couldn't be directly compatible based on being completely different algorithms, it would cause a loadBlock() error. They also couldn't just make two blockchains, as all of the scrypt mined coins would be unspendable on the x11 blockchain and vice versa.

I have seen instances of crypto developers having a v1 to v2 exchange (usually at some ratio like 0.8:1), however that would require the v2 blockchain to have a premine for the conversion distribution.

Hopefully I'm not too far off on my thoughts here, any clarification would be greatly appreciated.

I should specify that by merging I don't mean running both algorithms on one coin (saffron-style), I mean how to implement something along the lines of

if blockNumber <= (maxScryptBlock) do
    {block.readHash(scrypt);
    }
else if blockNumber >= (maxScryptBlock) do
    {block.readhash(x11);
    }

I can't seem to find any writings anywhere on how a developer makes the switch from one algorithm to another, or really any for cloning any non-scrypt/sha256 coin.


texts: bitcoin-qt ignored user input for fee calculation

texts:
My blockchain isn't synced yet. Thus, fee calculation didn't work. Therefore, I chose user defined fee and entered what btc.com suggested.
But my bitcoin-qt (v0.20.1) went for 255 satoshis instead of some 10 thousands or so. (A rough guess, since I can't recall the actual amount any more.)
The question is: Did I encounter a bug or is there some hidden magic involved?


texts: Is it possible to set a custom transaction fee with block.io? We are using their API and their "Low" fee is still far too high (currently $3)


texts: Can I use Copay wallet from Iran? Or Iran IP is blocked? Because some wallets blocked money of Iranian users because of sanctions programs administered by the U.S. I need to know if my money will be safe in my copay wallet?


texts: How can i send bitcoin using c# and the nbitcoin library?

texts:
I am using NBitcoin library to create my private keys and addresses, but I can't find an example of how to send Bitcoin.

Does anyone have a c# example code to send Bitcoin using the NBitcoin library ?


texts: Why does Bitcoin Core use Autotools instead of checking a Makefile into source?


texts: Is the hash of ZMQ channel blockhash a merkleroot hash?

texts:
I am using the ZMQ interface of my node to keep track of wallet activity like incoming transactions. I want to know the number of confirmations of my transaction but, to do that, I would need to know in which block the tx is included and calculate from that block onwards.
I was thinking that I could watch for the ZMQ channel hashblock but there is not much documentation about these channels. Is this hashblock a merkle root hash?


texts: Without using something like Bitcoin Script, how NEM verify the transaction?

texts:
From NEM's thread in bitcointalk, it mentions:

  NEM doesn’t use so-called “scripts” aka predicates.

I understand how Bitcoin use the script to verify the transaction. May I know where I can read how NEM is going to verify the transaction in detail, without using the script?


texts: Trade costs between ethereum and sechain

texts:
Fairly new to this all, today I was trying to trade ETH for Sechain Snn on metamask. So the price difference they wanted to charge me was 60% is there anyway around this? Or am I doing something wrong very possible haha.
Thanks


texts:
I purchased some bitcoins in 2011 from Dialcoin  - I have an email I sent to them asking where the coins I purchased went (very naive at the time) - I've since sold the PC (which was also mining) to a friend (back in 2012)

Is there any way I can find the coins ?

I cannot remember the wallet I was using + had a piece of paper which I think I threw away a the time.

Please help.
David.


texts: How can I import my XRP private key online to spend funds?

texts: How can I use my XRP paper wallet private key (or "private address") to send XRP to another address? I know that once a private key touches the internet, the wallet can't be used again (for security reasons). So, the only time when I'll be importing my key is when spending the funds. I have a simple XRP private key (it is not encrypted or anything) that starts with letter "s".


texts: Ho do I generate the output script of a bitcoin transaction?

texts:
When I mean output script I mean the output script from step 11 from this question:
Redeeming a raw transaction step by step example required

Then the actual output script: 76 a9 14 a2fd2e039a86dbcf0e1a664729e09e8007f89510 88 ac ( this is transferring funds back to address 1FromKBPAS8MWsk1Yv1Yiu8rJbjfVioBHc )

In this example the responder used Pkscript from the input of the previous trasaction. However there is no explanation how the hex "a2fd2e039a86dbcf0e1a664729e09e8007f89510" is generated itself. I'm asking because, I don't know what I would insert if I want to use another address as output. As I understand (maybe not) this hex is somehow generated from the bitcoin address "1FromKBPAS8MWsk1Yv1Yiu8rJbjfVioBHc". Is this correct? And how is it done?


texts: Can signature be re-used to cash out everything in the address?

texts:
I Know for the P2PK locking script it was like this

[pubkey] <OP_CHECKSIG>

and then an unlocking script is provided as simple as this:

[sig]

But if it works like this, others can simply grab the [sig] and cash out everything in your address!

Is there some misconceptions I have?


texts: Beginner Setup Bitcoin Full Node without GUI

texts:
I am following the installation steps to setup a bitcoin node, at the steps "Download the blockchain" that required Bitcoin Core GUI which is not able to run on the testing Ubuntu Server without GUI.

The guideline I am following is https://bitcoin.org/en/full-node#ubuntu-1610. At the Ubuntu Installation, under Bitcoin Core GUI.

Is there any command to trigger the download without GUI? Thank you very much.


texts: Why does Bitcoin use ECDSA, instead of plain old hashing, to secure transaction outputs?

texts: For example, let’s say I pick a random secret and hash it. Now, in the hypothetical hash-based scheme, my hash effectively replaces my public-key hash, and my random secret effectively replaces my private key. As far as I can tell, the only additional benefit of ECDSA is authentication of some identity. Is identity authentication really something Bitcoin needs to care about?


texts: What happens when a node goes offline for a while?

texts:
Let's imaging a full node goes offline for a month, so they're missing ~4300 blocks (just using 10min/blk).

Are there any message exchanges that receive transactions to help sync the 'booting' node with the other peer node's mempools? (I.e. compensate for having a empty tx mempool)
Approx. how long it take (presume the 4300 missing block ex.) to receive the missing blocks?
What is happening during this time if the node is receiving propagated transactions? Or even a newly solved block?

Thanks!


texts:
I made a BTC transaction on the 17th of January with this ID:
1f15277460d80454fae5c3fae60012e9b1b250e16f778b647c6e8e4acc49f1dc

According to coinify (blockchain.info) it expired, so I wasn't able to exchange the BTC. They responded with:

  Bitcoin transaction was not confirmed on time (this is not your fault or ours, it is the miners who confirm transactions). In such a case, the system issues a refund email. We sent a BTC refund address request to [email]

But if I look up the Tx ID, it seems to be confirmed. What am I missing?


texts: Input and Output of all funds in the same block?

texts:
Hope, someone can clarify this problem to me.
Please have a look at the btc address: 1CRTSXJXa3LsaHwjTA5yTbqbyi6QituztX
There have been 2 transactions so far. 1 input and 1 output.
BUT: According to the blocktime and height, these transactions happend at the same time. How is this possible, as I can't transfer funds, that I haven't received in advance?


texts: How to use Bitaddress.org and Blockchain.info with Testnet coins?

texts:
I was asking myself the same question posed at How to run a bitcoind on a hosting securely?

At the above posting, George Pearce provided a good suggestion.  However, I have questions but Stackexchange would not let me comment to George.

My questions are:

Bitaddress.org shows 8 addresses.  How does one generate hundreds of addresses?  How does one get the keys privately, without Bitaddress.org knowing about them and without sending these private keys through the internet from Bitaddress to me?  How does one generate testnet addresses?

I would need to use testnet coins while I'm developing and testing.  Blockchain (https://blockchain.info/q/addressbalance/1EzwoHtiXB4iFwedPr49iywjZn2nnekhoj?confirmations=6) and BlockExplorer (http://blockexplorer.com/address/mudBLTzFRz4o17Y9CbaWRB9Qr8BkFeYiYj) do not seem to work with testnet addresses.  Is there a service that does work with testnet?


texts: how does PACKAGE_NAME defined and used in bitcoin source code?

texts: In bitcoin source, I found a variable named PACKAGE_NAME, how does it works?


texts: What if I find my password, and not the wallet

texts: what if I find my password, that I wrote down many years ago, but the PC, and so the wallet is gone. can I use this password on a new wallet.dat and get accseess to my coins ?


texts: Lag of minutes for poloniex API `returnChartData`?

texts:
It seems that Poloniex takes up to 2-3 minutes (with quite a lot of variance) to compile the OHLC data (API method returnChartData) of a period that just ended. I've experimented with 30 minutes periods, so 2-3 minutes is up to 10% of a period, which is a lot!

Could it be that I'm doing something wrong? I'm using this python-poloniex wrapper, and I'm after the OHLC prices of a few BTC pairs.


texts:
If all of the world suddenly decided they want to use BTC as their currency, what would the value of 1 BTC be, as measured in today's US dollars?

(Of course dollars would drop to zero in this theoretical case, but we can still measure BTC in today's dollars and get a finite result)


texts: how to run multiple bitcoind node on one server?

texts:
I have created one full node bitcoind on my VPS, that one is serving application A.
Now I want to create application B that has another node but on same VPS.
is that possible to install multiple bitcoind on one server using different wallet?
let's asume that I want application A connect to wallet.dat, application B to wallet_new.dat, with different bitcoin.conf configuration.


texts: Why prices are different in different fiat currencies on the same market?

texts:
What I noticed is that prices in different fiat currencies on the same market for the same crypto currency are different. But what are the reasons behind that? Does it has anything to do with market volume for the fiat currencies? What variables I need to know to predict the difference in prices?

Few examples:

1) Cexio.

BTC/USD: 6286 USD (~4749 GBP)

BTC/GBP: 4787 GBP (~6336 USD)

Price in GBP tends to be higher (currently it's +0.8%).

2) Kraken.

BTC/USD: 6263 USD (~4732 GBP)

BTC/GBP: 4743 GBP (~6277 USD)

Price in GBP tends to be highter (currently it's +0.2%).

BTC/USD: 6263 USD (703.5k JPY)

BTC/JPY: 697.2k JPY (6206 USD)

Price in JPY tends to be lower (currently it's -0.9%).

BTC/USD: 6269 USD (~5363 EUR)

BTC/EUR: 5373 EUR (~6280 USD)

Currently price is higher in EUR (+0.2%). But it changes from time to time. Sometimes price is higher in USD. Why?


texts: Can I remove the passphrase from my Bitcoin Wallet?

texts: I'm using the standard Mac Bitcoin client and I added a passphrase. I'd like to remove that passphrase. Is that possible?


texts:
I am interested in buying bitcoins and giving bitcoins to babies as "birth gifts" and birthday presents.

Assuming I've purchased the necessary bitcoins and they are in my wallet, how do I go about giving bitcoins to someone who doesn't have a wallet?


texts: Providing Liquidity in CryptoCurrency Exchange!

texts:
Can anybody give some idea about the issue of providing liquidity to the users for creating a cryptocurrency exchange ?
Thanks!


texts:
I am running IOS 10.3 on an Iphone 6s and can't get past the copay splash screen no matter how long I wait.  Everything worked just fine until two software updates ago.

Anyone else seeing this?


texts: How do mining pools figure out the hashing speed of the connected miners?

texts: How do mining pools figure out the hashing speed of the miners connected to it?


texts:
I get this error:

{ Error: connect ECONNREFUSED 127.0.0.1:8332
    at Object._errnoException (util.js:1022:11)
    at _exceptionWithHostPort (util.js:1044:20)
    at TCPConnectWrap.afterConnect [as oncomplete] (net.js:1182:14)
  code: 'ECONNREFUSED',
  errno: 'ECONNREFUSED',
  syscall: 'connect',
  address: '127.0.0.1',
  port: 8332 }

when I use this code:

var bitcoin = require('bitcoin');
var client = new bitcoin.Client({
    host: 'localhost',
    port: 8332,
    user: 'Rohit',
    pass: '12345'
});


texts: Do the DNS servers make Bitcoin more secure than the IRC channel?

texts:
Possible Duplicate:
  How secure are the DNS servers for Bitcoin?

In earlier version of Bitcoin the IRC channel was used to seed initial peers, and as of version 0.6 it was largely replaced by the DNS servers. Does this approach make Bitcoin more secure, and if so, in what way?


texts: Are specific private keys weaker than others?

texts:
I've heard some discussion about how certain private keys can be considered weaker because they were generated using a weak randomness algorithm. I have very little experience in this subject and currently most of my bitcoins are tied to a private key that I generated a while ago, using MultiBit V0.5.14.

I'm wondering whether anybody with more experience about this can explain this subject more in detail.


texts: Just got back into bitcoin but theres almost no way for me to use my bitcoins, please help!

texts:
I recently got back into bitcoin after 3 years and I want access to my wallet I saved on my HardDisk a while back. It seems the wallet manager I used (multibit wallet) is out of date. However NO other software seems to be able to read my wallet so I am stuck using it. I cannot send bitcoins to anyone because it sends and is pending for days (3 days at this point).

I watched a youtube video that described how to transfer multibit wallet to electrum but that video did not help and the commments section was closed (I suspect because it just does not work).

What can I do? I cannot use anything else but an old multibit software but the software does not send bitcoins correctly...
Am I just out all of the money I invested in this?

P.S. I tried sending the bitcoins to coinbase because that website is still up but they end up being pending for days and coinbase is not getting back to me.


texts:
Most of my initially received bitcoins were from faucets and therefore, these micro amounts ended up being dust transactions. Since then, I've bought some bitcoins which are not dust.

Now I'm trying to send 0.0005 BTC to test out Blockchain.info's "receive payment API" (http://blockchain.info/api/api_receive) PHP example (https://github.com/blockchain/receive_payment_php_demo).  But Bitcoin-QT is telling me that I must pay 0.0005 BTC transaction fee.

I found out that the fee is due to the dust transactions.  Now, I like to get rid of these dust transactions  by combining their amounts.  Can anyone suggest an easy way to do this?

I was thinking of installing Armory and then transferring all of my bitcoins from my Bitcoin-QT wallet, in one transaction, to my Armory wallet.  Will this eliminate the dust transactions by combining all of my dust amounts together?  Will my new Armory wallet contain just one input transaction, and not over a dozen transactions of small amounts?

If Armory is not the way to collect the dust transactions, can someone explain how to?


texts: I have a recovery company retrieving my scammed bitcoins. They have moved them directly to my brand new wallet but the decryption process is very very slow. They say I should purchase more bitcoins and deposit them in my wallet to create history. Will that speed up the process?


texts: How much would you need to remember to store bitcoins in your head?

texts: Suppose I had a gigantic sum of bitcoins and wanted to store them in my brain's memory instead of any physical form. How much data would I need to be able to remember? I understand I'd have to transfer it all to one address - would I need to remember both its private and public key, or can the public one be calculated based on the private key?


texts:
I want to make a simple PHP script that connects to a node (on my server) so that I can receive the data it relays.

However, I am new to sockets, and I am having difficulty with the handshake process. This is what I've got so far:

1. Version Message

I have contstructed my own version message. The result looks like this:

Config
------
version:      60002
node:         85.119.83.25:8333
local:        90.213.66.225:8333
start_height: 0

VERSION MESSAGE
---------------
Header:Array
(
    [magicbytes] => F9 BE B4 D9
    [command] => 76 65 72 73 69 6F 6E 00 00 00 00 00
    [payload_size] => 55 00 00 00
    [checksum] => 18 32 C2 E4
)

Payload:Array
(
    [version] => 62 EA 00 00
    [services] => 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
    [timestamp] => 18 A3 CA 57 00 00 00 00
    [addr_recv] => 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF 55 77 53 19 20 8D
    [addr_from] => 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF 5A D5 42 E1 20 8D
    [nonce] => 87 58 8D 22 00 00 00 00
    [user_agent] => 00
    [start_height] => 00 00 00 00
)

Serialized:
F9BEB4D976657273696F6E0000000000550000001832C2E462EA0000010000000000000018A3CA5700000000010000000000000000000000000000000000FFFF55775319208D010000000000000000000000000000000000FFFF5AD542E1208D87588D22000000000000000000

Are there any obvious mistakes? Things I'm unsure of are:

What is my addr_from port meant to be?

2. Socket Connection

Next I'm trying to send this version message to my node, and get a version message back. Here is my code:

$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 6);
socket_connect($socket, $node_ip, $node_port);
socket_send($socket, $message, strlen($message) / 2, 0);
socket_recv($socket, $buf, 2000, MSG_WAITALL);

var_dump($buf);

All of the socket functions appear to be successful, but the result of var_dump($buf) is NULL.

I suppose my biggest problem is that I'm not receiving any error messages, so it's difficult to troubleshoot where I'm going wrong. Can you point me in the right direction?

Here's my PHP script so far: http://pastebin.com/q7zf4NMj


texts: How to stabilize Bitcoin's exchange rate (reduce volatility)?

texts: Is it possible to stabilize exchange rate(s) of Bitcoin to FIAT currencies (USD, EUR etc.) and make the rates less volatile only by raising the market capitalization (more people buy/invest in Bitcoin so it will be less vulnerable to big buys/sells) or are there other options?


texts: Mnemonic Phrase (BIP39) with Existing Seed Generating Library

texts:
The standard BIP39 does three things:

1) Generate 256+8 entropy

2) Generate sentence

3) Derive seed from sentence (using PBKDF2 with HMAC-SHA512).

I wonder what would be the security implication of doing things the reverse way:

1) Generate entropy and use it as seed

2) Derive 256 bit array from entropy (using PBKDF2 with HMAC-SHA256/HMAC-SHA512). + 8 bit checksum

3) Use above bit array to construct sentence

Essentially, instead of creating the seed from the sentence, I create the sentence from the seed. In the last step, if HMAC-SHA512 is used, it would generate a bit array of length 512 which is too long for the sentence. To solve that I would XOR the two halves of the array. Alternately, I could just use HMAC-SHA256.

The company I work for has a library that does seed generation and this is what we are mandated to use.


texts: Creating publicKey from random programtically in c#

texts: I've been looking around I can't understand or find a complete explanation of how to accomplish this, I've tried multiple way even this link How do you get a Bitcoin Public Key from a Private Key which is a similar question but still does not return the same uncompressed public key I create with NBITCOIN, can anyone help, thanks in advance


texts: I have a friend (yes it's actually a friend and not me) who lost his password for their Bitcoin-qt wallet and can't access is Bitcoin.  The wallet is installed on the hard drive of a MacBook and he doesn't know any of the characters   Does anyone know how we can get this coin back without his wallet password?


texts: Multisig vs Multi input transaction signing

texts:
Let's say we have a 2 of 2 multisig address that we want to spend from, so the transaction should be signed by both of the private keys.

Now let's say we have a transaction with two inputs, so once again the transaction should be signed by both of the private keys of the inputs.

So how does these two differ in implementation? Even on conceptual level? Are these procedures the same?


texts: How Bitcoin-Core does decide whether high fee during sendrawtransaction?

texts:
I am testing commands through Bitcoin testnet and Bitcoin Core.

During the test, I intentionally attempted to create and broadcasts transactions by charging high fees.(1 BTC)

During the final phase, sendrawtransaction blocked the progress with error 256: absurdly-high-fee (code -26)

What exactly is the high fee that Bitcoin Core is talking about? Does this client have exactly fixed number?
Can I broadcast a transaction programmatically without any fee restrictions as intended if I use custom client?
If 2 is possible, can hackers make spamming attacks by setting fees lower than the current minimum limit(0.00001 BTC/kB)?


texts: Are there any places where should not use compressed public keys?

texts: It is always worthwhile to use compressed keys to save size. Or somewhere in the Bitcoin code, exactly uncompressed keys are needed?


texts: Rise difficulty in code, still no changes after rebuild

texts:
I'm playing around with the code and tried to adjust difficulty by changing code from

  bnProofOfWorkLimit = ~uint256(0) >> 1

to

bnProofOfWorkLimit = ~uint256(0) >> 20

inside code block for Regression Test in chainparams.cpp (bitcoin-0.10.0).

I configured, did make, then make install with binaries in a custom directory (not default /usr/local/bin/bitcoind !), started bitcoind in regtest mode and generated some blocks.
Somehow it feels like it takes same amount of time for generating blocks as before modifying the code.

What am I doing wrong?

UPDATE:

Changed difficulty in chainparams.cpp from

  bnProofOfWorkLimit = ~uint256(0) >> 1

to

bnProofOfWorkLimit = ~uint256(0) >> 32

still getting this:

Bitcoin version v0.10.0.0-g047a898 (Fri, 13 Feb 2015 09:55:11 +0100)
Using OpenSSL version OpenSSL 1.0.1f 6 Jan 2014
Using BerkeleyDB version Berkeley DB 4.8.30: (April  9, 2010)
Default data directory /home/aliakbar/.bitcoin
Using data directory /home/aliakbar/Downloads/bitcoin-0.10.0_test1/build/bin/test1/regtest
Using config file /home/aliakbar/Downloads/bitcoin-0.10.0_test1/build/bin/test1/bitcoin.conf
Using at most 125 connections (1024 file descriptors available)
Using 4 threads for script verification
Binding RPC on address ::1 port 23333 (IPv4+IPv6 bind any: 0)
Binding RPC on address 127.0.0.1 port 23333 (IPv4+IPv6 bind any: 0)
Using wallet wallet.dat
init message: Verifying wallet...
CDBEnv::Open : LogDir=/home/aliakbar/Downloads/bitcoin-0.10.0_test1/build/bin/test1/regtest/database ErrorFile=/home/aliakbar/Downloads/bitcoin-0.10.0_test1/build/bin/test1/regtest/db.log
Bound to [::]:13333
Bound to 0.0.0.0:13333
init message: Loading block index...
Opening LevelDB in /home/aliakbar/Downloads/bitcoin-0.10.0_test1/build/bin/test1/regtest/blocks/index
Opened LevelDB successfully
Opening LevelDB in /home/aliakbar/Downloads/bitcoin-0.10.0_test1/build/bin/test1/regtest/chainstate
Opened LevelDB successfully
LoadBlockIndexDB: last block file = 0
LoadBlockIndexDB: last block file info: CBlockFileInfo(blocks=0, size=0, heights=0...0, time=1970-01-01...1970-01-01)
Checking all blk files are present...
LoadBlockIndexDB(): transaction index disabled
Initializing databases...
Pre-allocating up to position 0x1000000 in blk00000.dat
ERROR: CheckProofOfWork() : nBits below minimum work
ERROR: CheckBlockHeader() : proof of work failed
InvalidChainFound: invalid block=0f9188f13cb7b2c71f2a335e3a4fc328bf5beb436012afca590b1a11466e2206  height=0  log2_work=1  date=2011-02-02 23:16:42

What am I doing wrong? Do I have to adjust difficulty somewhere else than in chainparams.cpp?


texts:
I realise that this might be a duplicate however I have not actually seen a sufficient answer to the question aside from 'wait'.

I submitted a transaction yesterday from a blockchain wallet to a Justcoin wallet.
It was quite a small transaction (test transaction as this is my first)
Below is the information I have from blockchain:

Fees    0.0001 BTC

Estimated BTC Transacted    0.00000001 BTC

Size    258 (bytes)

Received Time   2014-08-20 14:27:54

Estimated Confirmation Time     Within 6 Blocks (Medium Priority)

The transaction ID is:
https://blockchain.info/tx/5ea993b10e772f1e31218a02b843adc18a0e4d1176b3127f0170c5c08bb0361c

The problem I have with this is, it's stopping any other transactions I want to make.
Anytime I try to move more substantial figures I receive the error:
"No Free Outputs To Spend - Some funds are pending confirmation and cannot be spent yet"

Does anyone have any idea why it's taking so long (I'm guessing because of it's size?) and if there is anything I can do to expedite the transaction.


texts: Does the BFT solution from lamport guarantee liveness?

texts:
Solution: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~luca/cs174/byzantine.pdf

Although there is a lot of material about this, I am still not sure what the answer is. I found two different statements:

Yes, it does guarantee both liveness and safety as long as 66% are honest.
No, if there is a certain amount of delays, it cannot guarantee safety.
https://cs.nyu.edu/rgrimm/teaching/sp07-os/bft.pdf , slide 9

If it is 2., what is the intuitive reason for this to happen? Is it because if the some messages never reach the nodes, they cannot know what the majority of the other nodes are doing/communicating and therefore cannot forward their own decision?

Note: I know this is not a bitcoin specific question but there is no general blockchain forum here.


texts: How can I run Bitcoind -server in "light mode"?

texts:
Hi! I would like to set up a local wallet at my computer, which runs as a daemon. However, the blockchain takes ages to download and every single day it takes quite a lot of time to update the receiving transactions.

Is there a way to use Bitcoind in a "light mode" and avoid so much cpu/disk usage?

Thanks!


texts: Back in I want to say 2011-2013 I was working and I was tipped by a man who was all excited to show me this new form of currency. I had created an account that he had sent me coins over. Since then I have lost/ switched phones and can't remember the exact app that I had at the time. Is there any way to look up my name and email?


texts: How do you answer the question "Why 10 mins?" for beginners?

texts: I'm often asked "Why is the average mining time about 10 mins?". How do you answer this question if you are asked by beginners?


texts: What method does My Wallet use to encode messages in the blockchain?

texts: What kind of protocol does My Wallet use?


texts: Can a transaction disappear? (Orphan Blocks)

texts:
Can a transaction disappear after transfers transactions to Bitcoin networks.

I heard about the Orphan Block.
Are all transactions in the Orphan block going away?

Is there a possibility that transactions will be lost in bitcoin network?


texts:
Everyone likes to trash Mt. Gox.  There is a ton of hearsay out there.  Can someone produce real evidence of their poor business practice?  I was hoping to find their old website FAQ for example.  What about their management and policies was so different from any of the other exchanges?  There are tons of customer complaints out there but do we know the underlying causes of those complaints and is there documentation to back those up?

Nick


texts: Clarification of BIP32 hierarchical deterministic multisig scripts

texts:
As everyone is aware, I'm a huge proponent of Vitalik Buterin's pybitcointools Python 2.7/3.x library. I am having a some trouble understanding the BIP32 concepts, which are coded in the deterministic/composite modules.

In particular, this code:

# BIP32 hierarchical deterministic multisig script
def bip32_hdm_script(*args):
    if len(args) == 3:
        keys, req, path = args
    else:
        i, keys, path = 0, [], []
        while len(args[i]) > 40:
            keys.append(args[i])
            i += 1
        req = int(args[i])
        path = map(int, args[i+1:])
    pubs = sorted(map(lambda x: bip32_descend(x, path), keys))  #
    return mk_multisig_script(pubs, req)    # (req = required sigs) ... returns redeemScript hex

# BIP32 hierarchical deterministic multisig address
def bip32_hdm_addr(*args):
    return scriptaddr(bip32_hdm_script(*args))   # returns P2SH address

I've had issues signing 2-of-2 P2SH/HD Txs with Electrum which I could only successfully sign using createrawtransaction \ signrawtransaction in Bitcoin-CLI.

How exactly is P2SH in combination with HD wallets implemented (preferably in terms of the aforementioned Python code)?


texts: Can google steal my Bitcoins if I store the private key in Google Keep note

texts: A while ago I put all my addresses with private keys (although they did not have that much money in them) onto a google keep note. I put it on a password protected notepad on my phone now, but could anyone have stolen them from my google keep note?


texts: How to find the Bitcoin addresses used to create a Multi Signature address

texts:
Assume we have a 2 of 3 multi signature address and we send some bitcoin to that address.

Then we spend the funds from that address by signing and broadcasting a transaction.

Just by looking at that transaction, can you tell the public keys whose private keys were used to sign that transaction?


texts: Is it possible to alter the source code and still have a valid Bitcoin transaction?

texts:
Say I wanted to run an alternative version of Bitcoin, and I changed 1 line in the bitcoin source code.

Is the signature/hash of the completed transaction going be the same or different when I run the original bitcoin software and my altered version? Or would they be two separate transactions?

How do miners know what transactions are valid if there are two different implementations of the BTC protocol?


texts: Is stack overflow reputation actually a Cryptocurrency?

texts:
In a way, it is already a currency since I can offer a bounty for my question.

So is it correct to call reputation points from StackExchange a Cryptocurrency?

If not, then why?


texts:
I was reading on replay vulnerabilities introduced by forks which only implement opt-in replay protection. Let 'X' be the 'legacy chain' (BTC) and let 'Y' be the forked chain (BTG). Now, if I understand correctly, in practical terms, an attack implies that a transaction 'G' on chain 'Y', can be replayed on chain 'X' (say transaction 'H'), hence the transacted amount will be deduced from coin stored on both chains.

I understand that if I move all (or part?) coin from chain 'X' to 3rd chain, say 'Z' (BCH for example, and let's call the transaction 'I'), prior to transacting on chain 'Y', the potential hypothetical 'attack' transaction 'H' cannot occur since the blocks on chain 'X' were already transacted to chain 'Z'. Do I stand correct?

Afaik segwit2x implements a similar way of opt-in protection, just that transaction 'I' has to be done to a specific address '3Bit....'. Is there a difference between the segwit 2x and my propesed protection mechanism, other than sending an amount of coin to an address which is not mine?


texts: Decrypting Bitcoin Core wallet with password that contains special characters

texts:
I have come across a Bitcoin Core wallet that uses a special character for the passphrase. When attempting to decrypt, it accepts the password but does not decrypt part of the keys.
Is there a known bug where core fails to decrypt key pairs using special non-standard characters?
This happens for Bitcoin Core version 0.19.1 for Mac 0SX.


texts: Why wouldn't miners change the protocol? (e.g. change difficulty)

texts:
How about a scenario where a few miners change their protocols by setting difficulty to something easy. Let's take it to the extreme and say they are able to accept any block.

They would keep publishing blocks which they think are valid and those would get rejected by the network. What if more miners start joining that scheme though (by changing their protocols)?

Because they are able to publish blocks extremely quickly (because they set their difficulty low) they might actually be able to compete with the whole network and their branch might overtake the network branch even if they are not that many of them.

What am I missing here?


texts:
looris@Palace-of-the-Nine-Moons:/tmp $ bitcoind
looris@Palace-of-the-Nine-Moons:/tmp $ Bitcoin server starting

************************
EXCEPTION: St13runtime_error
CLevelDB(): error opening database environment Corruption: missing start of fragmented record(2)
bitcoin in AppInit()

This happens when I start bitcoind, any clue on what could I do to fix it?

I tried to run it with -rescan but the result was the same.


texts: Implementing a Blockchain at the very basic level?

texts:
My question may sound a bit confusing so a bit of a background is in order. I am doing my Computer Engineering Final Year Project related to parallel processing and GPGPUs. i'll be working on implementing the Blockchain architecture on GPGPUs.

To find the initial point of my project , my advisor has asked me to 'implement' the block chain.

Now , being an undergraduate and a beginner at all this , it sounded quite confusing to me. However , after some research , i have found that you can 'fork' the bitcoin core for implementing the blockchain.

However , i am not the most prodigious coder and have more affinity with hardware aspects. so i need some help in deciding how to implement the blockchain on a very simple level , as in , what's the most basic coding task/basic operation i have to do to atleast start the implementation or establishment of a blockchain.

kindly do help me out , as i have been handed a very tight deadline by my advisor


texts: How do I obtain the "Private Key" from my Armory Paper Backup

texts:
1) My laptop with Armory and bitcoin has been stolen.  However, I have a Paper Backup - which gives:  Wallet Version / Wallet ID / Wallet Name / Backup Type / Root Key (72 letters) - but NO "Chain Code" nor "Private Key".
2) When I try and sweep the lost wallet into Armory on another computer it asks for the "Private Key" - which, as I indicate above, is not given in the Paper Backup.  I have tried inserting the 72 Root Key letters but this does not work.

I should be most grateful if you could help.

Many thanks, in anticipation
Duncan Black


texts:
From what I understand, both the CoinBase and BlockChain iOS apps store your wallet on their servers.   There doesn't seem to be any iOS app (or perhaps Android either) which stores your wallet locally on the mobile device.

I understand why it may be impractical to download and store the multi-GB blockchain locally on the device but the wallet is usually very small.  I understand that by storing the wallet locally you risk losing your coins if your phone is lost or stolen but that could be mitigated by offering features to encrypt your wallet with a passphrase and also back it up over USB to your computer (or choose to assume the risk of loss).

Is there some technical reason why a mobile app can't be developed that stores the wallet locally (and obviously does not transmit it to the server) but stores the blockchain on the server?


texts: Is CPU mining worthwhile for Litecoin? FPGA? GPU?

texts:
I'm interested in solo mining on Litecoin.  Where can I learn about (or what math is required) two tell if this is feasible/profitable?
Currently I have 30+ CPUs running as solo miners for 40 hours and so far nothing has turned up.  Are there any optimizations I should do to the miner?


texts: Is it possible for some one with huge computing power to disrupt Block Chain?

texts: Is it plausible for some kind of anonymous organization having huge computational resources to attack on block chain by re-building entire block chain within the time frame of next block to be published and gain control over the currency.


texts: Importing bitcoinj mnemonic into electrum or deriving private keys from mnemonic

texts:
I am having a really hard time backing up my bitcoinj mnemonic and importing it somewhere else.
I am backing up the mnemonic like so:
    Wallet wallet = Wallet.createDeterministic(params, Script.ScriptType.P2WPKH);
    DeterministicSeed seed = wallet.getKeyChainSeed();
    System.out.println("seed: " + seed.toString());
    System.out.println("creation time: " + seed.getCreationTimeSeconds());
    System.out.println("mnemonicCode: " + Utils.SPACE_JOINER.join(seed.getMnemonicCode()));

This gives me: cram approve decline tobacco truly giant remember author install dirt spare law
The wallet dump for this wallet/mnemonic looks like this:
Keys:
Earliest creation time: 2020-09-10T23:01:55Z
Seed birthday:     1599778915  [2020-09-10T23:01:55Z]
Ouput script type: P2PKH
Key to watch:      xpub685v329L5UXezQQmCRgftKRud7hYHHR2U9RPCzRVwQNNWQuTHawgzBXD5RgAYLroJFiqTxEhF5jmbXJAWB341x8r3hdUFWfZd1Rh9uycNR3
Lookahead siz/thr: 100/33
addr:13ScJMSbxg6JYVaWNJAawZMaKW9KDdsz2H  hash160:1ac81dec190ab5981f5b8d9627136c806b013ff8  (M, root)
addr:18jGHhTXzKJcU1TqpMkozYQQBKHsnExT1H  hash160:54c71cd14809d8e4695d0ab8881b9c971c28d833  (M/0H, account)
addr:1HJbGGSZ42tG9nrTU6aGS2xJwCSEb6rKfg  hash160:b2d5af74fb0d34e5a072cf0514c9d0a6d949a699  (M/0H/0, external)
addr:19kEr724cNCXWgybTDPhNqN5rTVCcajdjD  hash160:5fee7381e26b401c7aca2d031e950aa7b6ff634d  (M/0H/1, internal)
Seed birthday:     1599778915  [2020-09-10T23:01:55Z]
Ouput script type: P2WPKH
Key to watch:      zpub6mkSeMVANqccjQLrtYC39g9eob95YG9cNvGFFBvXVgsT7mrJno4ChARSa1WWYdtuygHLDdkc5Bg6Lc45wx8xL2tSzgHsnzfqt4oSYR1Lecv
Lookahead siz/thr: 100/33
addr:bc1qrtypmmqep26es86m3ktzwymvsp4sz0lcurmxp8  hash160:1ac81dec190ab5981f5b8d9627136c806b013ff8  (M, root)
addr:bc1qppm602vv0ee29mndy37c3h5h4y753vyz82h5qt  hash160:0877a7a98c7e72a2ee6d247d88de97a93d48b082  (M/1H, account)
addr:bc1qz88ttzmmlr2w6d5wz40e9ejqxmr5avtmq2d6qq  hash160:11ceb58b7bf8d4ed368e155f92e64036c74eb17b  (M/1H/0, external)
addr:bc1q0v7emmg95uj738fnge70hwle23jdehpqxezqne  hash160:7b3d9ded05a725e89d33467cfbbbf95464dcdc20  (M/1H/1, internal)
Now importing the bip39 mnemonic into electrum or the iancoleman site gives me completely different adressess no matter what derivation path I use. How can I import the mnemonic so that it creates the exact adresses as bitcoinj/android schildbach wallet? Or how else should I backup?


texts: What countries are already represented in the Bitcoin network?  I am asking this to see a list of countries, so we will know how well it is spreading, and if there is some area that is not reached.  So please, show us where we can find this list:


texts: I am looking to set up a private network of Bitcoin nodes over multiple machines (e.g, on multiple VMs on Amazon EC2) for experimentation. I want to be able to control how the different nodes are interconnected to each other in this network. Is there a way to do this on Bitcoind? The regtest mode that is commonly cited as a solution for this seems to have the ability to create multiple nodes on a single machine. Can it also be used to interconnect nodes across different machines according to a specified topology?


texts:
i installed a bitcoind core and i access bitcoin-cli command in linux terminal with developer command(getbalance, getaccountaddress etc.) but i want run this command in php file.

my php code is:

chdir('/home/itr/Downloads/bitcoin/bin');
$output = shell_exec("./bitcoin-cli getbalance");
echo var_dump($output);

bitcoin-cli file path:

  /home/itr/Downloads/bitcoin/bin

please tell me what i do?


texts: Do thin clients leak which addresses you own?

texts:
According to this, thin clients use bloom filters to request "addresses and transactions they are interested in to the peer".  And according to this, bloom filters are used to help prevent the SPV peer from "know[ing] which transactions belong to the client and which don't.".

But the accuracy of bloom filters, and thus how easily the peer can deduct which addresses belong to the client, is determined by the thin client.

So how well do the major thin clients (Electrum, Multibit, Mycelium, etc.) protect the privacy of the addresses belonging to your wallet from their SPV peer?