texts: Are sellers more vulnerable to fraud than buyers when doing business?

texts:
The Bitcoin white paper says:

  Completely non-reversible transactions are not really possible, since financial institutions cannot avoid mediating disputes. ... Transactions that are computationally impractical to reverse would protect sellers from fraud, and routine escrow mechanisms could easily be implemented to protect buyers.

My understanding is that Satoshi decided to protect the sellers and this seems to suggest that he thought that sellers are more vulnerable to business fraud. (He surely didn't mean that buyers are not important, but his design decision favors the sellers, I think.)

Is there any existing evidence, report, or statistical data that support that sellers are more vulnerable to fraud?


texts: Is it safest to double check my new bitcoin address never showed up in the Ledger (the blockchain) before?

texts:
I just noticed in my Coinbase Pro, I can click deposit, BTC, and get a brand new address every time. It probably is due to "address is very cheap". It can be just a new pair of private key and public key, and from that, a shorter "address" can be created.
So since an address is a shorter version, the chance of collision is higher than the private key.
Let's say if a person is to deposit US$300,000 or $3,000,000 into that address, would it be safest to double check that this new address never showed up in the blockchain (the ledger) before?
Otherwise, is it true that when there is a collision of address, both that person's private key and mine can move this bitcoin amount to else where?


texts: What are the specific problems that Virtual Currency is solving? (in the Banking system, economics, and finance )

texts:
What is Virtual Currency is trying to solve, and how is it trying to solve them?

Many users of virtual currency (BTC, XRP, etc) talk about a corrupt banking system, and many other ideals, but I'd like to clearly see what specific problems its solving, or might potentially solve.

It seems that people's argument against "fiat" is being muddled with too many "benefits" of Bitcoin and so I'm looking for straight answers as to how Virtual Currency "fixes" the banking system. I'm not trying to debate Fiat vs non-fiat, but to really just get a list of problems solved with Bitcoin and virtual currency.


texts: How to create random address from dogecoin?

texts:
It's about dogecoin. I want to make a random address everytime my customer want to give me some donation. It's just like i have multiple address that point to my main address wallet, how to that?

For example my main address is
Drpwpskxxxxxxxxx

And evertytime my members want to give donation they have different address to pay but the coin will come to my main wallet.


texts: How to accelerate mempool data access with bitcoind

texts:
What could I do to accelerate access to the data I get when I call for example: bitcoin-cli getblocktemplate ?
If I would like to be able to be the fisrt one who get information about all the new tx getting into the mempool in term of milliseconds is there any optimization to bitcoin.conf or hardware or node deployment or even modification to code that I could do to be the first one to get the info?
All I want to be able to do with my bitcoind would be see the mempool info coming in as fast as possible (and if possible mining). So I'm wondering if I can remove any other feature to get this faster?
Thanks in advance for any clue!


texts: What is ment by the "value of the output spent by this input" in BIP 143?

texts:
I'm looking into BIP 143 and I'm confused by item 6 in the specification of the transaction digest algorithm. It says:

  The item 6 is a 8-byte value of the amount of bitcoin spent in this input.

I thought the whole amount of the input is always spent. In case the spender doesn't want to spend it whole, some of it goes to the same address (called change) returning the bitcoins.

What do they mean by that? Does it mean the full available amount in the input?


texts: I sent myself a test BitCoin, now what? I don't see it, how long do I wait?

texts:
I just created this, sending myself 0.01 BitCoin:

https://tbtc.bitaps.com/b3e8e7dbe13c9939fc3157bef7725282d12594a0e8d14fa73493624ae394f314/mqRkjQjSCCVmsmBzsEQYhwCHEdz9dXRUwW

I've waited for 5 minutes so far and have been checking but nothing:

$ bitcoin-cli -testnet getwalletinfo
{
  "walletname": "",
  "walletversion": 169900,
  "balance": 0.00000000,
  "unconfirmed_balance": 0.00000000,
  "immature_balance": 0.00000000,
  "txcount": 0,
  "keypoololdest": ...,
  "keypoolsize": 999,
  "keypoolsize_hd_internal": 1000,
  "paytxfee": 0.00000000,
  "hdseedid": "...",
  "private_keys_enabled": true
}
$ bitcoin-cli -testnet getbalance
0.00000000
$ bitcoin-cli -testnet getunconfirmedbalance
0.00000000


texts: Different address prefixes for different address types / network combinations

texts:
I'm working on a bitcoin project, and understand the differences between the wallet address which start with 1, 3, or bc1. I am looking to generate a wallet address that starts with 1.
I have seen the answers posted here, this is more or less the same info I have read elsewhere. However, when I create a legacy address via this method, it starts with an 'm'. When I create a wallet address that is not legacy, it starts with a 2.

Am I missing, or not understanding something? Why are my addresses starting with an 'm' or 2, instead of 1, 3, or 'bc1'?
How do I create a wallet address with a '1' prefix it Bitcoin Core

Thanks in advance!


texts: Is it possible to use the Bitcoin technology as a reputation system for sales?

texts:
Imagine a marketplace where all nominal money prices are the same for products (for tax purposes), but you gain and lose "reputation" in the form of a Bitcoin style transaction.

Case 1: Those who have provided the most value in actual wealth (goods and services) to others, gain reputation (repcoins?).  The money price could be $1, and that is what anyone who pays taxes, calculates that tax, based on. Say you buy a used laptop for $1 + 2 repcoins. You calculate tax, based on the $1.

Case 2: One might even ostensibly "collect" dollars with particular characteristics of serial number or whatever, so that you buy the "collectible" dollar, for $1 + 2 repcoins and the laptop is a free gift. That way, no one could accuse you of tax dodging. You paid for the product you wanted (the dollar) They threw in the laptop.


texts:
Today I sent bitcoin to my bitcoin core wallet.  I used an address under recieve bitcoins.  The transaction has been cleared on the blockchain for several hours but is not showing up in my wallet.    The wallet itself is still downloading the block and is 3 years and 29 months behind.

Does this mean I must wait until this finishes before it shows up?


texts: What happens if 1-way functions no longer exist?

texts:
Advances in AI and nanobiotech  can radically increase intelligence to the point where unsolved mathematical problems get solved.

What happens to Bitcoin (and other cryptocurrencies) if ⨕ 1-way functions cease to exist?


texts: How much bandwidth needed for bitcoin bigger blocks

texts: If the Bitcoin blockchain would support 2000 transactions per second, how big would the blocks need to be (with segwit at 100% lets say), and most importantly, how much bandwidth would be necessary for a miner to propagate the blocks to 8 peers?


texts: Is it possible to get the full list of synced nodes ɪᴘ on the network?

texts:
There are many website like https://bitnodes.earn.com/ but I’m failing to understand if they collect nodes from compulsory submission on the web interface for statistics purposes only or they use a way to scan the whole network ?

A second part of the question regarding the type of the node is whether it’s required to run a full node to create blocks as a miner.


texts: Two threats to Bitcoin: Quantum Computing and Mining farm seizures - what new BIPs are needed before it is too late?

texts:
How resistant is bitcoin blockchain against physical attacks? Contrary to other consensus mechanisms, Bitcoin's PoW model is dependent on massive Mining Farms with tons of ASIIC hardware. These farms are known to everyone, especially the government of respective country.

Every mining farm in every country, could be sized as one example of a possible future.
What does the bitcoin blockchain do to mitigate such attack of government seizure of all mining farms in one country?

The bitcoin network is not using signatures or encryption methods that are especially suited against quantum computer attacks. Especially Bitcoin's ECDSA and the PoW mining process would become easily vulnerable with quantum computers.

Many bitcoin developers here have the opinion that there is still many years time, let us wait and see what methods the NIST will be selecting.
But this is very naive thinking. Even when nobody knows it for sure, History has always proven to be like this: Very major technology breakthroughs were known way in advance before they hit the public.
When you stick to waiting philosophy, it will be too late to act when NIST picks a cipher.  Something should be done before that,  adding a new signature type to Bitcoin can be done with a soft fork easily for example.
What is the status of Core Developers regarding this topic?


texts:
Obviously it hasn't been profitable to mine bitcoin on retail hardware for years at this point.

Nevertheless, I'm curious.

Does anybody have any benchmarks on what the hash rates for retail hardware would be today? Preferably on an x86 chip?


texts: How much does a block's recorded time differ from the actual time that my node first sees it?

texts: A block has a "time" and a "mediantime". Is it correct that the "time" is supposed to generally reflect the real time the block was mined and broadcast to the network? If so, how reliable is it? Assuming my node is well connected to other nodes, and sees all blocks within a few seconds after they are mined, how much can I expect the block's "time" to differ from the actual time that my node first sees the block?


texts: Why bitcoins not reflected in bitcoin wallet after being transferred from Web based wallet to its address even after ten confirmation?

texts:
[]
1I have purchased bitcoins worth  12$ using localbitcoins.com and send it to my wallet address(bitcoin developers).  In blockchain.info it is showing it has ten confirmations yet it is not being reflected in my wallet? I have updated the wallet. Its been six hours.
My wallet and my blockchain.info information  is shown
Please help me.


texts: Sending encryped messages using INSaNe. Messages not sending

texts:
I forked INSaNe https://github.com/CryptoCoderz/INSN from github, changed genesis hashes, mined, and sended some coins between two localhost wallets. When i tried to send message from first address to second address i get this error: ERROR: SecureMsgEncrypt: Could not get public key for destination address.
How to fix it? I tried manually insert public key but nothing, still same error. Please help me!


texts: How to denote  script in P2SH transaction?

texts:
From the bitcoin developer page, the format of the scripts used in P2SH transactions are as follows:

Pubkey script: OP_HASH160 <Hash160(redeemScript)> OP_EQUAL
Redeem script: <OP_2> <pubkey> <pubkey> <pubkey> <OP_3> OP_CHECKMULTISIG
Signature script: OP_0 <sig> <sig> <redeemScript>

When coins that were previously sent to a P2SH script are spent, and so the concatenated scriptSig and scriptPubKey scripts are executed, the OP_HASH160 is calculated on the redeem script, which is part of the scriptSig. How is it denoted in the script which parts should be included in the redeemScript? That is, how is it denoted which parts should be hashed when OP_HASH160 gets executed? Obviously it can't be the whole scriptSig, because there are signatures contained, so how does the executor know what to hash? Is there some sort of a marker OP code?

Thanks!


texts: Why does a node get stuck in "Loading wallet..."

texts:
I've deleted wallet related things from .bitcoin folder including:

.bitcoin/wallets and .bitcoin/chainstate and run bitcoin using bitcoind -reindex.

This takes longer than just starting over from scratch and deleting the entire .bitcoin folder. The reindex seems to finish quickly, but for a long time afterwards rpc calls always result in:

error code: -28
error message:
Loading wallet...

I'm not sure what this error means, if it is recoverable, or how it gets in this state, as there is nothing happening in verbose debug output, and the cpu is not being hit at all.


texts: How is the size of a bitcoin transaction calculated

texts: From what I understand, the fees set on bitcoin transaction are based on a recommended fee (mostly, from a 3rd party service) per byte of the transaction size. What I am curious about is how do wallets arrive at the size of a transaction?


texts: Reasons Behind Finding an IP addresses of Miners

texts:
I am wondering if Finding IP addresses of each miner, can help the transactions to be processed by them without waiting time in mempool or not?
I do not understand clearly why people are looking for IP addresses of the miners?
Thank you


texts: Will block chain pruning work for zeronet (Website hosting on block chain)?

texts:
Pruning limits block chain by removing old blocks. Will this methodology work for zeronet. One of the perks of zeronet is to be able to access websites (read zites) even without internet connectivity.

So, if your answer is YES. please explain the above scenario as well.

Thanks in advance.


texts: How proof-of-work detects Sybil attack in Bitcoin?

texts: I read in several paper that PoW deters Sybil attack in Bitcoin. However, there is no enough explanation about how proof-of-work detects Sybil attack in Bitcoin?


texts: Why doesn't changing MAX_MONEY change the maximum number of coins?

texts:
I've changed MAX_MONEY to decrease the number of coins issued in my altcoin, but it's not working.

Why?


texts:
I'd like to know hot to put my BT Core behind Tor ON A MAC.
I've searched everywhere but could't find how. I always find Win or Linux instructions but nothing on the Mac side.
Only "Tor for Mac" I was able to find was a Tor Browser, but i guess it's not the same.
Anyone has a proper link with some steps to follow? I am quite a noob.
I've been running this node for years and sometimes when I raise this question I get the answer "don't worry , there's nothing wrong even if your IP is public" but I somehow feel more secure knowing I can contribute to the network without exposing my IP 24/7 ...


texts: I bought a bitcoin before my client sychronization was finished. Will I get the coin?

texts:
I bought a bitcoin before my client synchronization was finished.

Will this stop me from getting the coin or will it just come later when the wallet is synchronized?


texts:
So I'm running the btcd node and wallet in simnet. I've generated more than 100 blocks. I've a few accounts on the same wallet. The list of the accounts:

$ btcctl --rpcuser=foo --rpcpass=123456 --simnet --wallet listaccounts
{
  "account1": 13.7,
  "account2": 0,
  "default": 5601,
  "imported": 0
}

The default receives the reward for the generated block. Obviously I've moved some bitcoins already from the default to account1. Now I want to move 1 bitcoin from default to account2

$ btcctl --rpcuser=foo --rpcpass=123456 --wallet --simnet sendtoaddress "SSBjQ58PsRmBtGZQ8ckXFRxijZFCBdeMMT" 1
e1a0b9c3df3297b4f50b210da3e63fda701dea4eb8638248e877b1308fdd3a61

I mine the block:

$ btcctl --simnet --wallet --rpcuser=foo --rpcpass=123456 generate 1
[
  "6cd2423869ee9b865df759e6c60978b3899bfcf3d4f7174a4287971822bef5e5"
]

When I check the accounts I see this:

$ btcctl --rpcuser=foo --rpcpass=123456 --simnet --wallet listaccounts
{
  "account1": 13.7,
  "account2": 1,
  "default": 5601,
  "imported": 0
}

Inspecting the transaction:

$ btcctl --simnet --wallet --rpcuser=foo --rpcpass=123456 gettransaction e1a0b9c3df3297b4f50b210da3e63fda701dea4eb8638248e877b1308fdd3a61
{
  "amount": 1,
  "fee": 0.00000224,
  "confirmations": 402,
  "blockhash": "6cd2423869ee9b865df759e6c60978b3899bfcf3d4f7174a4287971822bef5e5",
  "blockindex": 0,
  "blocktime": 1591446501,
  "txid": "e1a0b9c3df3297b4f50b210da3e63fda701dea4eb8638248e877b1308fdd3a61",
  "walletconflicts": [],
  "time": 1591446501,
  "timereceived": 1591446501,
  "details": [
    {
      "account": "",
      "amount": -50,
      "category": "send",
      "fee": 0.00000224,
      "vout": 0
    },
    {
      "account": "account2",
      "address": "SSBjQ58PsRmBtGZQ8ckXFRxijZFCBdeMMT",
      "amount": 1,
      "category": "receive",
      "vout": 0
    }
  ],
  "hex": "0100000001129d6eb50f40f48e869413dbade07f055204b221322788ef90c1ca187e8cd09f000000006a473044022028a04f05d8a381210b7e89493d1946d25f8c211d3973a1164d3a0a5f4fee958202206709c6171fba242060fc9dbf1a4bb3ad14b18a45741282f1d55ed764bffed8480121035354d2edb51d3f05f8c0e31f7ab5ba7f97ff179b5e09005ec018c445c0d761d3ffffffff0200e1f505000000001976a91435a915238472497b40660cf625dee8c7ce3f3ae388ac2010102401000000160014708d04eb727ec0a8fdb7b362233ff8684056d21800000000"
}

After that I've generated many other blocks. My question is: why the transaction contains a "send" category of 50 bitcoins and another category "receive" for 1 bitcoin? Shouldn't be only 1 entry for 1 bitcoin? Why does the balance of the default account is still the same? It should be with 49 more since I've mined the block, got the reward and sent 1.


texts: Trying to find an efficient method to process all transactions directed to my BTC address

texts:
I am building a website which involves in the processing of transactions of BTC. My current and most efficient plan to complete this would be to call these bitcoin-cli commands and process the data accordingly:
getblockcount - get block height
getblockhash blockheight-5 - get the block hash for the last 5 blocks
listsinceblock blockhash - list all transactions since then

I would run this order of commands every 5-10 seconds. I would like to know if this method wont screw me over at all (skipping transactions, etc). I might just be too paranoid about clients not getting what they paid for and just want a guaranteed method that no transactions slip by. I was hoping to call a method that can list all transactions since a certain time but that wasn't available. Now to the question:

Is this method CPU/Network intensive?
Is it a safe method?
What are my alternatives?


texts: Does potential misuse of the Blockchain enable any cryptocurrency to be ruined in the long term?

texts:
According to this article from the Guardian

  unknown persons are using bitcoin’s blockchain to store and link to child abuse imagery

and

  “Since all blockchain data is downloaded and persistently stored by users, they are liable for any objectionable content added to the blockchain by others. Consequently, it would be illegal to participate in a blockchain-based systems as soon as it contains illegal content,” the researchers wrote.

This as well as other possibilities (the article also mentioned distribution of malware) shows that blockchains can be used to store illegal information, making downloading and possessing it potentially illegal. While it is quite possible that blockchain users wouldn't all automatically be arrested, it provides a simple case for arrest against individuals possessing such a blockchain if needed. Therefore, the use of this technology would become a legal gamble, because investors who are not programmers or can't afford to hire some (or lawyers) would face a certain risk of imprisonment, at least in some countries.

Does this mean that most or all current cryptocurrencies could become potentially illegal/useless?

This question is different from that one because I focus on the legal implications of end users. While a company that unintentionally hosts illegal material may be protected by ISP-like laws in the U.S., users of the blockchain provided by the company can basically come from any nation of the world, and in some the mere possession of illegal material in digital form by private people is forbidden (e.g. the Guardian article explicitly lists Germany, the U.K. and the U.S. as such nations). The accepted answer in the other article also seems to assume that illegal content could be detected before it is downloaded, which is simply not true. The assumption we have to make here is that by using the service the user unintentionally downloads illegal content.

The reason I ask this here instead of Law.SE is simply because I thought it would be more on-topic here, be of high interest for the community of this site and surely someone law-experienced is also found here. It would also be interesting to hear the opinion of people which may make more or less a living of this technology or are about to and the opinion of people who have a deeper understanding of the financial markets.


texts: Coin selection algorithm using Python and Bitcoin Core JSON-RPC

texts:
I am looking for the easiest way to implement this using Python:

Save all the amount of UTXOs in an array(not sure if tuple or list or set or dictionary)

User wants to send 0.1 BTC, won't pay more than 3000 sats in fees and prefers not using change address

Print all the sub arrays whose sum is greater than (0.1 + 0.00000550) and less than (0.1 + 0.00003000)

User selects one of the option from (3), a transaction is created with relevant inputs and signed

Transaction details are printed and it is broadcasted if user confirms with "Y"

Tx id is printed


texts: When purchasing an item through BitPay, how do their exchange rates compare with the market exchange rates?

texts:
BitPay allows merchants to price their products in USD, and receive USD when a customer pays using Bitcoin. The exchange rate used at the time of purchase is calculated somehow by BitPay, but their website doesn't indicate how it's calculated.

If at the time of purchase BitPay immediately sold an equivalent number of bitcoins on, say, MtGox then the exchange rate used should be pretty close to the highest Bid price at that point in time.

Many people must have purchased items through BitPay. I'm interested in knowing what exchange rates were available on MtGox (or other exchanges) within a few minutes of the time of purchase, and what exchange rate was provided by BitPay. Can anyone provide an example of this?


texts: How to move bitcoins from an exchange into my wallet?

texts:
Completely new to this. Bought some Bitcoins from Bitcoin.de and received confirmation that the trade has been completed and they show me my balance.

Downloaded a wallet from Bitcoin-QT. That's fine. Now, how do I get the Bitcoins I've bought into the wallet I've downloaded? And how do I then use them to buy something online?


texts: list of addresses for major bitcoin exchanges

texts: Is there a list available of the addresses for the aggregating wallets of major bitcoin exchanges? If so, where?


texts: Issue generating private Key and segwit address with python

texts:
I used the following script to generate my private key and the corresponding segwit address.

Then to test it, i sent funds to the address and imported the private key on blockchain wallet;

RESULT: No funds in private key, and the address displaied is not the segwit address but just another P2PKH address.

What is the problem?

import random,ecdsa,hashlib,base58
private_key=(random.getrandbits(256)).to_bytes(32,byteorder="little",signed=False)

signed_key=ecdsa.SigningKey.from_string(private_key,curve=ecdsa.SECP256k1)

verifying_key=signed_key.get_verifying_key()

x_cor=bytes.fromhex(verifying_key.to_string().hex())[:32]
y_cor=bytes.fromhex(verifying_key.to_string().hex())[32:]

if int.from_bytes(y_cor,byteorder="big",signed=True)%2==0:
    public_key = bytes.fromhex(f'02{x_cor.hex()}')

else:
    public_key = bytes.fromhex(f'03{x_cor.hex()}')

sha256_key = hashlib.sha256(public_key)
ripemd160_key = hashlib.new("ripemd160")
ripemd160_key.update(sha256_key.digest())

key_hash=ripemd160_key.digest()

P2WPKH_V0 = bytes.fromhex(f'0014{key_hash.hex()}')

sha256_P2WPKH_V0 = hashlib.sha256(public_key)
ripemd160_P2WPKH_V0 = hashlib.new("ripemd160")
ripemd160_P2WPKH_V0.update(sha256_P2WPKH_V0.digest())

script_hash=ripemd160_key.digest()

P2SH_P2WPKH_V0 = bytes.fromhex(f'a9{script_hash.hex()}87')

flagged_scripthash = bytes.fromhex(f'05{script_hash.hex()}')

checksum = hashlib.sha256(hashlib.sha256(flagged_scripthash).digest()).digest()[:4]
bin_addr = flagged_scripthash + checksum

nested_address = base58.b58encode(bin_addr)

compressed_private_key = private_key + '01'
wifcomp1 = bitcoin.encode_privkey(bitcoin.decode_privkey(private_key, 'hex'), \
             'wif_compressed')

print("Private key: "+ private_key.hex())
print("WIF key: "+ wifcomp1)
print("Nested Address: " + nested_address.decode())


texts: Why do "financial experts" hate Bitcoin?

texts:
Why do people who have been in the financial industry for a long time seem to always talk negatively about it?  Does it threaten their livelihood or do they just not know enough and so they speak negatively about it?

I was looking at the quotes from financial experts about bitcoin and almost all of them were fairly negative, but also almost all of their titles were more traditional financial-type jobs:

http://www.tradingacademy.com/resources/financial-education-center/financial-professionals-share-their-opinions-on-bitcoin.aspx

I'm not sure why I understand all the hate from this group.


texts: Is there a way to fetch all transactions in a block via electrum protocol?

texts:
Quickly surfing through the list of electrum methods, looks like not, and I will have to use getblock from bitcoind json-rpc.
Is there a better way?


texts: How can I create smaller transactions? Can a vanity address make things smaller?

texts:
I'm trying to understand the relationship between a vanity address and how that relates to the size of a transaction.  Is there anything I can do with my public key / address

Is it possible to create a public key address that helps keep transactions small?


texts: Could something like proof of work be provided in the form of human creativity voted on by other humans?

texts: All that's necessary for a proof system in a blockchain, as far as I know, is that mining be hard to do and easy to validate. Creating works of art is hard to do, but determining their value is relatively easy. The only issue I, who knows very little about blockchains, can find with this is that it would be quite slow. What are some issues that might come up with this, and is it generally plausible?


texts: Are transactions in a block decided by mining pool operator?

texts:
My assumptions:

Most pools have an operator. All individual miners part of the pool work on block with address of the coinbase transaction owned by pool operator. pool operator gets all the bitcoins and distributes periodically to individual miners based on the proportion of the work done.

My question:

It appears to be me that technically each individual miner can choose the list of transactions except for coinbase transaction. Is this correct? or do pool operators dictate the full block contents? If either way is possible, what usually happens in practice?


texts:
Currently I'm reading a great book Mastering Bitcoin and the author on his first articles suggests to the reader build from the source Bitcoin Core environment and down load the whole blockchain ledger (about 60Gb) to my local storage to be able perform common queries. But it's to long way for me.

So, is there any where on Internet already exist an online bitcoin-cli command line tool where I could practice?

Thank you!


texts: Can mining puzzles be made socially valuable?

texts:
Bitcoin miners work to solve a random puzzle as "proof of work".  A huge amount of raw computing power is going into finding the solution to these puzzles, yet the actual solution to the puzzle serves no purpose other than to demonstrate that whoever found the solution has access to a great deal of computing power.  Can the bitcoin protocol be modified to accept puzzles from the real world who's solution would actually have some social value?  Perhaps some scientists, governments, or corporations would be willing to pay some amount to whoever solves some reasonably complex computational problem first, and they could contribute some BTC towards the reward a miner receives.

I understand that the particular puzzle chosen is very clever, particularly as its complexity may be easily adjusted as needed, the solution is well defined and easy to verify, and there's virtually no limit to the creation of new puzzles.  I just wonder if something even more clever could be incorporated, if someone ever manages to come up with it.

To clarify, the analogy I have in mind is the way reCAPTCHAs have virtually replaced traditional CAPTCHAs, substituting socially valuable book digitization work for a socially useless text-guessing exercise.


texts: Why does an X show in search bar when I paste a Bitcoin address in Blockchain?

texts:
I sent some Bitcoin twice to an address (3QiGE6rfL5PiCN8werdtXTsqeG6drN4oVm) and yet they say never received the funds.
Also why does an X show up in search bar in Blockchain.com when I paste the above Bitcoin address?


texts: Mining without pool where does the bitcoin/reward go if successful?

texts:
I was wondering 2 things:

How to set up cgminer to mine without a pool?

If if I am successful solving the block how do I claim it / send to my Bitcoin wallet?

I don't have a huge 'rig'. I know you need high hashrate… just starting out and want to know. I can't find this answer anywhere else sorry to ask.


texts: Check if wallet is encrypted or not through RPC API

texts:
How can one check if their wallet is encrypted through the RPC API without receiving an exception?
I went through the Original Bitcoin client API calls list but didn't find any command that could facilitate this functionality without resulting into an error in the response.
Any ideas or workarounds?


texts: Could Bitcoin work without block subsidy and transaction fees?

texts: Could, game theoretically speaking, Bitcoin work without block subsidy and transaction fees? Assume, for example, some alternative anti-transaction-spam measure was in place. Would there be enough incentive for miners to use their computing power for no direct reward other than keeping the network up? Could the network still operate safely under this scenario?


texts: Can A Raspberry pi mine bitcoin without an ASIC miner?

texts: I want to know if a raspberry pi can mine bitcoin without using an ASIC miner.


texts: Is encryption really needed for blockchain to work?

texts: Is it right to say that Bitcoin and other blockchains do not use encryption? I read somewhere that blockchains rely on digital signatures and hash functions but not on encryption, and that encryption is only used on the client side (e.g. crypto wallets)… But it seems that encryption is also part of these other cryptographic techniques… So I’m trying to clarify whether blockchain technology needs encryption or not. Thank you!


texts: Do miners participating in pools pay a transaction fee?

texts: So I understand that an individual miner in a pool gets paid based on their hashrate. But my question is, what about the Bitcoin transaction fee? When the pool pays the miner, who is paying that fee to transfer the funds from the pool to the individual person?


texts: Does anyone know which country has the most bitcoins?

texts: I was wondering if there is any stats out there that tell you how many bitcoins a country is holding. I want to make a presentation so i can persuade people to buy bitcoins, but i want to make sure they are really informed. Anything will help that is statistical related.


texts: It is possible to build a P2P system to trade Bitcoins?

texts:
It is possible to build a peer-to-peer (similar to BitTorrent) system to trade Bitcoins?

Well, the discussion pointed in the 1st answer is very similar to what I have in mind. But, I have some sub-questions:

Is there any possibility to use blockchains transactions system to have some "cash on demand" to use in trades transactions(maybe with some taxs like fee transactions)? And blockchains can carry more information about what is going on inside this or others sub-systems?
The idea here behind the word "trade" is some system, that allows you to trade your bitcoins for any other currencys or other virtual currencys in any connected market around the world, by simple configuring a new "node" for that market.
ok. More obvius question. How? (1 for me looks like a good idea.)


texts: Trying to create a bitcoin based webapp in python which takes BTC deposits. How would I use pybitcointools to implement this?

texts:
Trying to create a bitcoin based webapp in python which takes BTC deposits (New to Bitcoin in general, but want to get involved).

Although I would preferably want to use a different address for each deposit, (I read the docs and found out how this could be done, but still slightly confused), I would want to allow for users to deposit back into their own wallets. Though I think I got withdrawals figured out.

I tried to understand the (Now unsupported docs) but decided to come here for help because I was still confused. How would I use pybitcointools to

Generate an BTC Address. (New address for each user). I believe I could do the below for each user. So this would generate a unique address upon the creation of each user for them to deposit to.

my_private_key = sha256('I guess whatever I please')
my_public_key = privtopub(my_private_key)
my_address = pubtoaddr(my_public_key)

Accept a Deposit into this Address.
Return the BTC value of this address.
When the time comes, send the balance of this address to the users own address.


texts: Is there a way to remove or edit Blockchain.info public notes?

texts: I want to use blockchain.info's public note feature to build an app, but I was wondering can you delete or edit an existing public note you made?


texts: Why does witness use count instead of length?

texts:
In legacy transaction (without SegWit) the scriptSig is easily parsed by knowing the length of it (a CompactInt value) and without needing to read the script in place.
However in SegWit transaction the scriptSig that is moved to witness position is now identified by a "count" of the items inside of the script and that means script needs to be read (interpreted) in place.
Was size (saving 2 bytes in multi-sig scripts) the only reason for this difference?
Also is there any restrictions on OP codes that could be used in scripts inside witnesses because of this difference?


texts: How do i get my Bitcoin Cash from Mycelium wallet?

texts: I kept my BTC in a mycelium wallet and am looking for a way to get BCH out of it. I need instructions on how it's possible, please.


texts: are individual satoshis as secure as an overall bitcoin?

texts:
I don't really understand Bitcoins as well as I'd like.  I understand that eventually there will be 21,000,000 bitcoins mined.  And, I understand that each bitcoin can be subdivided into 100,000,000 satoshis.  so there will one day be 2,100 Trillion satoshis in the system.

So, Is each satoshis as secure as a bitcoin?  Or, I was imagining, that even though each bitcoin might be highly secure, perhaps a bitcoins individual subdivisions might not be accounted for so well.  Suppose one organization had a several bitcoins, but a great many of the organizations members owned various numbers of those bitcoin's satoshis.  Would they need to be extra concerned that their satoshis could somehow disappear, when they owned less than a full bitcoin?

(Does accountability begin with the satoshis, or with the bitcoin?)


texts:
I am new, but have a big idea about bitcoin.

There is a distributed computing project known as Fold at Home. What if its software were used for the generation of something instead of for a menial, useless task? Fold at home distributes datapackets that need to be worked on by computers. Once computers finish the work, they send a report of the data back to the host.

What if Bitcoin mining were, instead, Folding at home? if the programs could be made compatible, then bitcoin mining would also be donating something to a good cause.


texts: How Master seed is generated using Bitcore API?

texts:
Can someone please explain how to get Master Seed when a new HD keys is created using Bitcore APIs?

My purpose is to implement wallet service in my application using Bitcore APIs.

Refer this link here


texts: How can a wager with SatoshiDICE be proven to be fair?

texts: What steps will let a person manually verify that the DICE roll was fair?


texts: Why is the Bitcoin Gold Hardfork happening?

texts: I haven't been following up on the story behind Bitcoin Gold. I wonder why this is a fork from the already created Bitcoin ledger, and why this cannot be a fork from the core software, and start their own ledger from the beginning.


texts: What is the best way to transfer money between exchanges without fees? I think the most obvious option is to buy a redeemable coupon at one exchange, and redeem at another. But are there any exchanges who don't ask fees for this?


texts: Understanding GreenAddress nLocktime/recovery transactions

texts:
What I understand is that Greenaddress locks a recovery transaction to be spend 90 days in the future. Whats the advantage in doing this?
Why not creating a recovery transaction without nLocktime?


texts: I had money on MtGox, can I get it back?

texts: From what I understand mtgox lost bitcoins but I had traded the bitcoins for dollars before the bankruptcy. Am I understanding it correctly or am I wrong?


texts: What is the best way to earn money mining Bitcoin?

texts: Simply stated- what is the most cost-efficient way to earn money from mining Bitcoin?  I've been a HODL'er since '14 but I recently wanted to deep-dive into mining for fun and was surprised to find how easy it was to do with a Raspberry Pi, slushpool account and a little bit of help from StackExchange:Bitcoin.  My question now is- do I build a Raspberry Pi "bucketwheel" equipped with USB-miner sticks like the crate displayed below, purchase an Antminer S9 or go to the cloud?  I'd appreciate any guidance or considerations for generating >= $100 month- again this is just for fun in experiment; I'm not looking to become the Hunt Brothers of Bitcoin ;)


texts: How do cryptocurrency exchanges like Mintpal manage so many?

texts: As there are 100s of crypto coins each with their own QT-client, how do exchanges manage the transactions? Do they use the core client of every altcoin in the servers or will they be programming code to do that? If coding is done, which platform or language is secure?


texts:
Block is collection of transactions.Who can decide Number of transactions per block? and How transactions are selected in block?

and How does the priority works for fee transactions?

Thanks


texts:
There is a lot of data out there about BTC prices, but are there any simple charts which show how much is Bitcoin really used? Something like number of Bitcoin transactions per day/week, or daily amount of bitcoins transferred, from the beginning to present?

The data should be available in blockchain, but did anyone make pretty charts?


texts: What's the difference between a Bitcoin Wallet and a Bitcoin Exchange?

texts:
I was thinking about investing a small amount of money in Bitcoin: actually I'm having second thoughts about this, after all the fraud stories I've been told about on the Personal Finance site. However, that doesn't affect this question.

Reading this Investopedia article, I discovered that one should create a Bitcoin Wallet before buying Bitcoins on a Bitcoin Exchange such as Coinbase or Kraken. I don't understand why I should do that, isn't enough to download the Coinbase app, for example? Also, the link says that

  While exchanges offer wallet capabilities to users, it’s not their primary business. Since wallets need to be kept safe and secure, exchanges do not encourage storing of Bitcoins for higher amounts or long periods of time. Hence, it is best to transfer your Bitcoins to a secure wallet.

What's the reason for that? If I buy stock options, no one would object to me keeping them invested for years. Then why can't I leave my investment on a Bitcoin Exchange for a long period?

Do I risk that the Exchange goes bankrupt?
Do I risk that someone hacks my account on the Exchange? If so, is that common?
Something else?

Basically, I want to understand if, for the sake of investing a small amount of money in Bitcoins, it makes sense to put my "pocket  money" in a Bitcoin Exchange and leave it there for a few years, or if the risk  of fraud/hacking is so high that I should not do that. Note that this has nothing to do with the volatility of the Bitcoin investment - I'm ok with making a risky investment (a gamble) since it's just very little money. But I'm not ok at all with having my money stolen, even if it's a small amount.


texts: I've been hearing a lot of good things about Hive Web as a wallet. Apparently it's pretty secure, open source, and only requires that you keep a 12-word phrase safe. That said, what if they ever decided to shut down Hive Web suddenly? Would all your BTC go down with it, or could you simply spin up an instance of their open-source web server to regain access to your wallet?


texts: Is there any data available on how many people use an alternative client in contrast to the Satoshi client? Alternatively, is there any data on how many times such clients have been downloaded?


texts: I have never used LN, but read about it and I am confused about one thing, if I am send BTC through channel, then receiver exactly know who send this and can in some way check how much sender's balance left and even locate original BTC address that create sender's channel? Only I know that transaction is sent in onion manner, so participants don't know if sender is guy that sends him tx, or if next receiver tx is end receiver of transaction.


texts: Lightning Network state deprecation secret keeping

texts:
When using a lightning channel, two sides are sending transactions representing the current state (or balance) between them, and for each state sent, they invalidate the previous state by sending a secret for a hash puzzle in a HTLC transaction.
For example, when Alice sends Bob the new state between them, it also sends a secret for the puzzle in the previous state. Bob can use it to redeem Bitcoin if Alice publishes the previous state transaction on the blockchain.
My question is - does Bob need to save all the secrets of all the previous states until the channel is settled and closed? Sounds like Bob might need to save a lot of data when having many channels.


texts: Is it possible to recreate a multisig wallet with just 2 out of 3 private keys?

texts:
Example:

Created a 2 of 3 multisig wallet in Electrum
Send funds to the multisig wallet
Lost the Electrum wallet
Access to two of the private keys (e.g. 2 trezors)

Is it possible to recreate the wallet and move the funds through access to 2 of the private keys?  If so, how?


texts:
I am developing a system of administrative management. The project is migrating from PHP to C ++. With the new requirements we want to work with blockchain. But when looking for more about it, despites generic tutorials, I almost always find links to blockchain implementations like Bitcoin or Eterium. But I need to implement something pure, from scratch.

Where can I find the official documentation of blockchain technology ??


texts: What effects would a scalable Quantum Computer have on Bitcoin?

texts:
A scalable quantum computer is a quantum computer that is easy to extend - adding more (q)bits of memory is not a fundamentally hard problem, and will happen. Or, alternatively, that it follows Moore's Law - its memory capacity and speed will increase exponentially over the years with technological advancement (the exponent might be relatively low).

Suppose such a Quantum Computer were constructed tomorrow - what would this mean for bitcoin?


texts: Is it possible to buy or send bitcoins without an intermediary?

texts:
If I want to buy bitcoins, I can buy them from an online exchange, from an ATM or from another person who has bitcoins. Online exchanges and ATMs charge high premiums because they are intermediaries. If I buy bitcoins from other people, they also charge high premiums. The whole idea behind the blockchain was to get rid of third-parties. Is is possible to connect to the public ledger somehow and acquire bitcoins without a third-party?

I wonder how the first bitcoin transactions were completed when there wasn't any online exchanges, mobile wallets or ATMs. Can programmers somehow connect to the public ledger and do transactions without bitcoin wallets or fees?


texts: How did this block end up on blockchain.info?

texts:
How did this happen?

https://blockchain.info/block/000000004b7959f66c9dab42b8933f0a43c9705bd9bd486de3a69407fb072cd3

That's a fork of the original blockchain (started from genesis block) which was 9 blocks long and appeared in 2013. Why did blockchain.info accept this orphaned blockchain, why didn't it just discard it?


texts: Looking to start mining litecoin/altcoin

texts:
I'm new to all of this... want some help with definitions such as GPU/CPU, etc..

Also, I understand BTC is no longer relevant in terms of individually mining... what would I purchase for under $200 that I could use to mine litecoin or altcoin or anything like that?


texts:
I struggle to understand one concept behind mining. It would be really great if someone could clarify some things.

This is an extract from blockgeeks:
From a technical point of view, mining process is an operation of inverse hashing: it determines a number (nonce), so the cryptographic hash algorithm of block data results in less than a given threshold. (The threshold is difficulty here.)

Source: https://blockgeeks.com/guides/proof-of-work-vs-proof-of-stake/

The question is why cryptographic hash algorithm results in less than given threshold? I always thought it should be equal or higher than threshold. If it can be less then blocks can be created really quickly.

What am I missing here?


texts:
bitcoin-qt worked well on Ubuntu 18.04, after the upgrade to 18.10 it won't start anymore. Can't find any hints in log-files.
Help appreciated!
kr Heinz


texts: Why do we need a "routing" process in Lightning Network?

texts:
If I am wrong, please correct me.

If we simplify Lightning Network, it seems to work similar to this simple unidirectional payment channel between two parties (although, Lightning Network is a bidirectional).

So we may simplify the process of a payment between two parties in Lightning Network as follows:

(1) the sender and recipient just need to create a channel and deploy the contract and then the sender puts the recipient's address in the contract as recipient.

(2) Then any agreed number of  off-chain transactions will be done between sender and recipient such that the sender's address for each mico-payment will be verified by recipient.

(3) Eventually, a settlement will be done via an on-chain transaction, by which the recipient will receive the total amount the contract.

In a first view, it seems no need for "routing" process.

So, can we now ask that why do we need a routing process for performing a payment in Lightning Network?

P.S. I refer you to the Lightning Network website, where it's mentioned that:

  "By creating a network of these two-party ledger entries, it is
  possible to find a path across the network similar to routing packets
  on the internet."

Note: The payment channels are composable, meaning that  If A and B have a payment channel, and B and C have another, then A can pay C through B. But the matter is that there is a fee incentive for intermediaries. Now the question is which one is more affordable?

(1) Doing like above approach?

Or

(2) A and C create another channel between themselves without paying to B and without need for routing ?

So, the answer of necessity of need for a routing process in Lightning Network is dependent on affordability of paying to one or multiple intermediaries instead of paying for a new direct channel without intermediary?


texts: How would I need to change ElectrumX to use FIFO selection of UTXOs?

texts: By default, UTXOs are picked randomly in ElectrumX. I want to change this behaviour and spend UTXOs on 'FIFO' basis. What changes do I need to make?


texts: How do I develop web applications for Bitcoin?

texts:
Although similar to this question about mobile app development, I would like to know how I should go about the development of web applications that make use of Bitcoin. It can be assumed that all the standard recommendations mentioned in this famous question will have been noted and implemented where applicable.

This question is about Bitcoin specific design requirements that experienced developers would like to hand down to those just starting out.

Edit to clarify further

I'm looking for design requirements that a web application using the Bitcoin protocol in some way would be advised to apply before releasing their code to the public. For example

additional security arrangements (offline elements? manual interventions?)
network connectivity concerns (what is an appropriate uptime expectation? does Bitcoin introduce greater bandwidth consumption than standard web technologies?)
recommended deployment configurations (distributed via EC2+EBS+S3? personally managed servers? and so on)
data privacy concerns (Know Your Customer?)

There have been many issues with Bitcoin web applications suffering from design issues that should have been avoided. Hopefully, the answers to this question will help other developers working on these projects to not repeat them.


texts: Am I able to transfer my wallet.dat from Ubuntu QT to Windows QT by backing up the file and pasting in the other operating system?


texts:
I would like to write a very simple program in bitcoin. I thought a simple C program that accepts the mined blocks would be appropriate. So I assume, the program would open a socket connection to some fixed relay node and start accepting the blocks. Could someone show how it could be done. Thank you.

[Edit:] I have since discovered what is probably best suited for the purpose. There is a minimal bitcoin networking stack implemented in python by Dr Christian Decker of ETH Zurich. It was used to gather results for some highly cited research papers on the bitcoin network but at the same time it is extremely readable too.


texts: How many addresses are sent in response to a getaddr message?

texts:
I've been trying to determine the number of addresses a node sends when it receives a getaddr message but I'm a little confused.

On one hand, on addrman.h/.cpp I can see that:

// the maximum percentage of nodes to return in a getaddr call
#define ADDRMAN_GETADDR_MAX_PCT 23

// the maximum number of nodes to return in a getaddr call
#define ADDRMAN_GETADDR_MAX 2500

[...]

int nNodes = ADDRMAN_GETADDR_MAX_PCT*vRandom.size()/100;
if (nNodes > ADDRMAN_GETADDR_MAX)
    nNodes = ADDRMAN_GETADDR_MAX;

So it seems that the number of addresses sent is the smaller of the two conditions, namely, 23% of the (active known) nodes or 2500 nodes.

But on the other hand, from the bitcoin wiki:

  The getaddr message sends a request to a node asking for information about known active peers to help with identifying potential nodes in the network. The response to receiving this message is to transmit an addr message with one or more peers from a database of known active peers.

...and...

  [About addr messages] If the sender sent over 1000 addresses, they are all ignored.

So, why does a node try to send 2500 addresses if the receiver is going to discard them? Why not sending at most 1000 addresses?


texts: What if a pair of double-spent transactions are collected into a new block?

texts: Let's say, Alice sent a bitcoin to Bob, and then immediately sent the same coin to another address controlled by her. A honest node collected these two transactions into a new block.  Would the node be able to detect that this pair of transactions are double spent?


texts: How does an anonymous cryptocurrency encode coin values

texts: I'm pretty sure I understand how cryptographic accumulators work to anonymize a coin's history, for example as described here: https://anoncoin.net/Cryptographic_accumulator/ but I have read that ZCash anonymizes the value of a coin as well. Presumably this means that somehow the coin and its value are somehow deposited in the accumulator. How is this done? Is it just an extra hash of the coin serial and the value, or something more elaborate/better?


texts: How can a noob understand 'where their money went' when buying from bittylicious?

texts:
Complete newbie, trying out bitcoin for the first time (probably like everyone else in the world this morning).

Wanted to spend the maximum allowed for a new user - about 43 pounds.

When the full transaction details came up, I was being offered to buy 2.9 mBTC for this amount - at the bitcoin rate at the time, that was only about 33 dollars' worth of bitcoin - so, about 24 pounds!

On the face of it, the transaction results in me losing half my money!
How can I tell where that money 'goes'? Is it a transaction fee, or am I somehow just paying a strange price?


texts: unconfirmed transaction for over 2 days what to do?

texts:
sent from exchange to wallet  2 days ago still not confirmed ?
https://blockchain.info/tx-index/277169110


texts:
Recently, I happened to see in a codebase something like the following snippet to convert a standard transaction into a psbt format:

txHex = "01000000038caba88b36e86b253de1c22574205ad7d46598a87349b2e7f364d244246b66820000000000ffffffff8d4cefc5b67a8ae0e4c6b8fd7ee259943c29b46471c4f31a5252422177fa20770100000000ffffffff68bc5046732a7e7e57b8f0abd6f94c63f7153738cb39525d497ce1cd765e35230100000000ffffffff02404b4c00000000001976a9148eccac781789b66751f19c3a58f36526a201786488ac00093d00000000001976a9148eb446f809f526fb37059a32cf8255c4cb43d2da88ac00000000"
psbt = "70736274ff0100c9" + txHex + "000000000000"

Is this correct?
One thing I understood after reading bip174 is that the last byte of the prefix should not be hardcoded because it contains the lenght of the transaction, but I have no clue about the suffix


texts: Is altering Blockchain Wallet possible even after all the securities?

texts: A man named James Bryan posted an investment plan and took BTC from me. On the day of payout, he asked me to simply fund my Blockchain wallet to receive the money. The minute I fund the wallet, he took all the money out even after all the securities on my wallet. How is this possible?


texts:
I need to get fee, before send payment.
BOLT11:
root@855e20daeae9:/# lightning-cli --testnet decodepay lntb1u1p07t3tdpp5ax3hk4jzf08sn8a8dupayswf6ja497mj25lmcdqn7m0ce22ch0qqdq8vankwecxqrrss9qy9qsqsp5f5s9kqwnp7uh3pg93wr970420xy7vueelqhratwlrt9jzvn2lv7srzjqwfn3p9278ttzzpe0e00uhyxhned3j5d9acqak5emwfpflp8z2cng8xmauqqq0gqqqqqqqlgqqqqqeqqjqatpu8h3tcatdvvxl0t93zkltwlpzaqlu75sgrh3vv92utfqaq6gpgmyaks48v5tptmc30yaach48pr3l3dfnhm5ytr5my8z87xjmnpcqmjh036
{
   "currency": "tb",
   "created_at": 1608893805,
   "expiry": 3600,
   "payee": "03aba9dfe8612755f6edc363b90e3f1f4a684517cd0558452fb9620ffaebab683e",
   "msatoshi": 100000,
   "amount_msat": "100000msat",
   "description": "gggg",
   "min_final_cltv_expiry": 18,
   "payment_secret": "4d205b01d30fb97885058b865f3eaa7989e67339f82e3eaddf1acb21326afb3d",
   "features": "028200",
   "routes": [
      [
         {
            "pubkey": "03933884aaf1d6b108397e5efe5c86bcf2d8ca8d2f700eda99db9214fc2712b134",
            "short_channel_id": "1891311x61x0",
            "fee_base_msat": 1000,
            "fee_proportional_millionths": 100,
            "cltv_expiry_delta": 144
         }
      ]
   ],
   "payment_hash": "e9a37b56424bcf099fa76f03d241c9d4bb52fb72553fbc3413f6df8ca958bbc0",
   "signature": "3045022100eac3c3de2bc756d630df7acb115beb77c22e83fcf52081de2c6155c5a41d06900220146c9db42a7651615ef11793bdc5ea708e3f8b533bee8458e9b21c47f1a5b987"
}

Then i need to get route:
getroute id msatoshi riskfactor [cltv] [fromid] [fuzzpercent] [exclude] [maxhops]

Final node ID:
root@855e20daeae9:/# lightning-cli --testnet getroute 030f1784fafe1b5b143e4e4545e6c2f612943c60e6a5b770b35e324c60b6ae9516 10000000 10
{
   "route": [
      {
         "id": "03933884aaf1d6b108397e5efe5c86bcf2d8ca8d2f700eda99db9214fc2712b134",
         "channel": "1900118x8x0",
         "direction": 1,
         "msatoshi": 10002000,
         "amount_msat": "10002000msat",
         "delay": 178,
         "style": "tlv"
      },
      {
         "id": "03d5e17a3c213fe490e1b0c389f8cfcfcea08a29717d50a9f453735e0ab2a7c003",
         "channel": "1834823x53x0",
         "direction": 0,
         "msatoshi": 10000000,
         "amount_msat": "10000000msat",
         "delay": 34,
         "style": "tlv"
      },
      {
         "id": "030f1784fafe1b5b143e4e4545e6c2f612943c60e6a5b770b35e324c60b6ae9516",
         "channel": "1722566x108x0",
         "direction": 1,
         "msatoshi": 10000000,
         "amount_msat": "10000000msat",
         "delay": 9,
         "style": "tlv"
      }
   ]
}

which id should i use to get the route fot private BOLT11?
how to pay private BOLT11 in manual mode?


texts: Does BFGminer halt processing if ASIC miners reach a high temperature?

texts:
From the README of BFGminer, I see:

The totals line shows the following:
 6/32   75.0C | 171.3/170.8/171.2Gh/s | A:729 R:8+0(.01%) HW:0/.81%

Each column is as follows:
  The number of devices and processors currently mining
  Hottest temperature reported by any processor

I don't see the temperature column.

Does this mean I have the incorrect Windows drivers?

Does it mean I need to pass a parameter to BFGminer?


texts: When Bitcoin Segwit fork will completely over?

texts:
I'm wondering for how much time it will takes for The Bitcoin Network to complete Segwit Forking?

Thanks


texts: Sources to study Bitcoin source code, more specifically its UTXO model C++ code?

texts: Can anyone suggest some sources to learn about the source code of bitcoin or similar tech which are using UTXO model for their transactions.


texts:
I send 0.043 bitcoin to the 1Fhpf5bA95zBPzsPezozDYf9h2jCYD31TA address. But it didn't reach to this address. When I click the address on TX page you can view the pic that Sent : 0 BTC
What's the problem? Thanks.


texts: How to create bitcoin wallet for many users?

texts:
I need create bitcoin wallet for many users but I have no idea how to do it.
Before that I thought to do it with bitcoin-core. But it turned out that accounts are not what I need. In the new version (v.0.15.0) of the bitcoin-core there are multi-wallets, but to add a new wallet it is necessary to restart the daemon.
Who can tell me?


texts: How to speed up initial block chain sync using SSD without wasting space?

texts:
I have a 60GB SSD as my Windows system drive, which isn't enough to save the entire blockchain to. I installed BitCoin Core (bitcoin-qt) and set the data directory to be on my 2TB HDD. However, the initial blockchain sync is running since 2 days already, currently being '40 Weeks behind'. The HDD is showing 100% load in Windows task manager. CPU is at <50% load, network usage is <1MB/s while syncing.

Can I speed up the initial sync by using the SSD for DB storage, while binary blockchain data is saved to conventional HDD?

Does that actually speed up the sync?


texts:
At Neo.org I downloaded then saved this file Windows.Neon.Setup.0.0.5.exe on my desktop to set up a wallet for my NEO. I closed and reopened and put neo shares here. Now when I try to open it a window opens and says "installing, please wait and then the window closes but nothing opens. It doesn't give my any options to try anything else.

The first time I was able to get in and when it was open I created a short cut. When I try to open the shortcut I get this message, "Windows cannot access the specified device, path, or file. You may not have the appropriate permissions to access the item."  I have all my keys saved and when I look on neoexplorer with my address, I can see all my neo is there and transactions are listed. It is very frustrating. Is anyone else having the same issue and does anyone know how I can get into this wallet or get my neo out? Any help would be appreciated and sorry if I am overlooking something here as I am pretty new to cryptos.


texts: Lightning network (lnd): What's the best way to report lnd server issues/ask for help with channels that won't close?

texts:
I've been running a lnd/bitcoind node (mainnet) for a few months now. I had a couple open channels, made a couple purchases, things seemed pretty stable. But then I moved cross country, and in the process backed up my server and restored my drives to a new machine with a different IP (I might have lost about 3-4 days worth of data in the process). But now neither of my channels seem willing to close (they've been stuck with a decently sized limbo balance in the 'waiting_close_channels' state for like two weeks now).

How do I properly report an issue? What site should I use? What log files need to be available? What other information should I provide?

Thanks!


texts: Bitcoin wallet/address balance confusion

texts:
I'm quite new to bitcoins so apologies if i'm being a noob, but I'm very confused!

My bitcoin-qt wallet balance says I have 2.0113406 BTC (which is what I expect).

Now if you check my transaction history:
http://blockchain.info/address/1HvxJibwAAyVqcNY5GVUWvHSwgYybpRGTp

It says that I only have 0.0123506 BTC?

I think the confusion stems from the transaction I made to satoshidice. It says I sent 2 bitcoins to satoshidice but i only actually sent 0.01. Further inspection yields that I actually sent 0.01 to satoshidice and the remainder to address 1EHYT8dFMcDVnkkE9kEoH5T3PBb3bRZdmP. What is that address? Is that one of my addresses that I don't know about?

What's going on?


texts: Can I get the size of a future transaction from Blockchain.info API?

texts:
Let's say I want to send 1 XBT to another address, from my own Blockchain.info wallet. When I try to do this transaction from the website of Blockchain.info it states the recomended transaction fee I should provide along the transaction.

But what if I would like to make this transaction happen programmatically, using the Blockchain.info API? I know that transaction fee depends on the size in bytes of the transaction that is happening. I also have a reliable information of the satoshi/byte needed for the transaction to happen in a timely manner. But is there any possible way, to get the size of the transaction, BEFORE I actually send it out using the Blockchain.info API?


texts: Miners and Nodes: what are their role in protocol updates?

texts: What are the different roles of miners and nodes for protocol updates (governance)? Which group is more important?


texts: I don't trade in bitcoin, never have and I don't want to continue, but I have a problem I need to pay someone in bit coin, I have their wallet address but I don't know how to go about buying bit coin and paying them. I just need to make this one transaction and that is all. I need to send the equivalent of $351.00 in bit coin. Can anyone help?


texts: I can recover my Trezor funds without a Trezor?

texts:
Consider that I have my seed phrase.
If I lost my Trezor and can't buy another, I have a way to access my funds without a Trezor ?


texts: How do I exchange a cryptocurrency with another?

texts: I have a bunch of litecoins and want to exchange them for bitcoins. What's the easiest way of doing it, without having to sell LTCs first and then buy BTCs?


texts: Why most of pubkeys in the first batch of blocks in blk00000.dat are different

texts:
For example: the pubkey in the first 3 coinbase's output are

04678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5f
0496b538e853519c726a2c91e61ec11600ae1390813a627c66fb8be7947be63c52da7589379515d4e0a604f8141781e62294721166bf621e73a82cbf2342c858ee
047211a824f55b505228e4c3d5194c1fcfaa15a456abdf37f9b9d97a4040afc073dee6c89064984f03385237d92167c13e236446b417ab79a0fcae412ae3316b77

Actually, I checked the first 6k transaction, most of the pubKey in the pay-to-pubkey script is different, less than 10 pubKeys have duplications.
Is that means satoshi use multi miner jobs to mine the block at the beginning or anything I misunderstood?

The reference link is here.
block0:
https://www.blockchain.com/btc/tx/4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b
block1:
https://www.blockchain.com/btc/tx/0e3e2357e806b6cdb1f70b54c3a3a17b6714ee1f0e68bebb44a74b1efd512098
block2:
https://www.blockchain.com/btc/tx/9b0fc92260312ce44e74ef369f5c66bbb85848f2eddd5a7a1cde251e54ccfdd5


texts: How to install Hard Fork of Bitcoin, such as Bitcoin Cash and Bitcoin Gold?

texts:
Just like the title, how do I install hard fork of Bitcoin, such as Bitcoin Cash or Bitcoin Gold?

I would like to install Bitcoin Cash core in Ubuntu 16.04. It seems like there is not a single authoritative implementation according to this answer from "Install Bitcoin and Bitcoin cash".

But, I feel really confused by the name of "BitcoinABC" and "BitcoinUnlimited".

Are they just two different command line interfaces for Bitcoin Cash like Geth and Parity when installing Ethereum?

OR

Are they just two different ways to install Bitcoin Cash? Are they synchronizing the same blocks from bitcoin network?

I have been searching and trying to clarify things that I don't understand.

More I search, more I feel confused.

Does any know about this? I will be appreciated if you clarify things that you feel what I don't know about.


texts: Being offline: when do other nodes close channels?

texts:
If my lightning node goes offline, how long will it take until my counterparty nodes close the channels they co-own with me?

This is obviously up to the counterparty nodes, as they can choose individually when they want to close channels, but what are the default settings for the main implementations?


texts: How to detect data insertion transactions in Bitcoin Blockchain?

texts:
I am wondering how I can detect data insertion transactions from the normal ones in blockchain.com UI?
https://www.blockchain.com/explorer
Thank you


texts: Sending bitcoins to an un-owned, well-formed wallet

texts:
This is a follow-up question to: What happens if I mistype the address when making a payment?.

Scenario:

You're trying to send bitcoins to an address.
You type in the wrong address, but the address (as unlikely as it may be) is well-formed.

What Happens?

The wallet belongs to someone and you've just sent him money. (Can one contact this person and ask for it to be returned?) The key phrase is "can one contact" not "can you force him to give it back."
The wallet (as seen in the quote below) is unowned and the bitcoins are lost!?!

  Bitcoin addresses contain a built-in check code, so it's generally not possible to send Bitcoins to a mistyped address. However, if the address is well-formed but no one owns it (or the owner lost their wallet.dat), any coins sent to that address will be lost forever.
  https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Technical_background_of_Bitcoin_addresses

Is it lost? Or, if and when, this wallet is created are the "missing" bitcoins attached to it?


texts:
Can someone please give me some insight as to when LN will be fully operational on the bitcoin network.

Additionally, as outlined in the 2008 Nakamoto whitepaper, the solution to the double-spend problem is clearly addressed and solved, however, given that with LN supposedly 'Billions of transactions per second' may happen off-chain, then what are the implications for how the double-spend problem is addressed?.

This is presumably handled in the software layer, under the knowledge that people must firstly stake a quantity of bitcoin in order to support the electronic IOU's.

If the above is correct, which it may not be (please correct me if I am wrong), then doesn't LN essentially become almost in a sense a 'Bitcoin backed' new cryptocurrency?


texts: How can I use Bread on iOS to manage bitcoin and litecoin?

texts:
I have a Bread wallet for iOS (https://bitcoin.org/en/wallets/mobile/ios/breadwallet/).

Is it possible to manage both bitcoin and litecoin with the same Bread app?

If so, how can I use the Bread app to:

create separate wallets for bitcoin and litecoin?
distinguish the wallets when I want to use one or the other currency?


texts: Can exist bitcoin network with all nodes behind NAT?

texts: If I run bitcoin client for the first time its try to make TCP connection with saved list of IPs and port 8333 -other nodes. If this nodes are behind NAT with IP 192.168.0.XX and public IP from the NAT router with changed from NAT unknown port its appears that bitcoin network is down? Or bitcoin client will try to make UDP/TCP hole punching connection? If its mandatory for some miner to have public IP address?


texts:
I came across address like this s-272edf45031dd498e7b3ae89e11ff21b
In the Address with Balance List
Is the '-' a valid character?


texts: How can I see or validate mining in regtest mode?

texts: I can generate new blocks using generate number_of_blocks_that_you_want. I have 2 nodes running on regtest mode. I sent few coins from one node(wallet) to another. Transaction successful. Status it was showing was Sent and Received  in respective wallets for this transaction But not confirmed yet.  Now If I create New block i.e. mine new block then How can I see or validate that the transaction I have just created is included in the newly mined block? Just as we can see on Explorer. I can see that newly mined block has taken the transaction fess.But what about Merkle root and Merkle path?


texts: mining with one client on multiple mining pool

texts:
Is it possible to mine on different mining pool using one client?

Ok, I know that this sounds ridiculous, but my thoughts are as follows: if I already calculated a lot of hashes for a work for one mining pool may be I will be able to use them for another mining pool. Has anyone thought of it?


texts: Is it possible to use the RPC's Label feature in it's current state over the deprecated Accounts feature?

texts:
I'm doing my bachelor project in web development using Bitcoin RPC. At the moment it uses the deprecated accounts feature, but i'd really like to upgrade to using the newer label feature instead. However is it currently useable on the master branch, or should i wait until v0.17 is fully released? (this is unfortunately after my hand-in date), so if that's the case, i guess i have to stick to using accounts?

Sources:
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/7729
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/12953


texts:
So bought my first Bitcoins the other day (27 & 28/11/13) on localcoins, then transferred them to a MultiBit wallet. No problems.

I decided to use a 'safer' wallet, therefore I moved the coins to a Bitcoin qt wallet. The last few days I've been waiting for the blockchain to sync..got to 97% then my comp crashed.

I reopened bitcoin qt, and now it's syncing from zero again...just as slowly.

What should I do? Is there a way to open a another wallet, get my coins there?


texts: Which ecommerce carts support bitcoin with the biggest user base?

texts: I'm looking to start up a ecommerce solution and wanted to know which ecommerce software is best suited to accept bitcoin which also has the most community support?


texts: Hedging against the bubble popping - where's the leverage?

texts:
My friend has a rather large store of bitcoins that he bought about a month ago. I think it makes sense for him to hedge his recent gains, since the price run up looks like a bubble.

What is a high leverage way of doing this?

I looked at ICBIT but the counter-party risk in the face of a market blowup is large.

I was thinking Intrade, but they are apparently blowing up. Settlement in fiat preferred. My friend lives in the US.


texts: When computing a normalized transaction id, when do I finalize the sha256 hash?

texts:
I'm trying to compute the normalized transaction ID so that it matches what is on blockchain.into at the following URL

 http://blockchain.info/q/hashtontxid/  --- normal TX ID here ----

Given that I need to create a canonical id of some type (just the tx inputs, etc), can anyone go into technical detail as to how the hash is created?

Some variations I've tried

foreach input and output, add them to the sha256 engine.  call finalize at the end.
foreach input and output, add them to the sha256 engine.  call finalize at each round.  Use the finalized output to initialize each round, and then the next data[] (input or output array)
make everything one flat memory array, laid out sequentially, hash and finalize.

I'm assuming that the byte[] layout in memory is no different than what it is on the bitcoin network.

I might be dealing with yet another endian issue, so any confirmation on approach will reduce my troubleshooting.


texts:
I have  a blockchain.info account and I would like to move my wallet from the web interface to the multibit client.
However, I need that once an incoming transaction have been confirmed I need to call  web service to update a remote database.
Is this possible to do this without modify the multibit code?
I have some experience in Java but this seems beyhon my current skill.
In case I can evaluate other client.

Thanks in advance for any help


texts: What are the issues of running lightning daemon with pruning node?

texts:
Most lightning implementations I came across don't officially support pruned full node.

Why is pruned mode implementation a challenge?
What risk am I taking when I run lnd with pruned bitcoind?


texts: How do Lightning Explorers like 1ML register closed channels?

texts:
I want to do analytics on unilaterally and mutually closed channels. To do so I need to scan know when channels close. It seems to me there's no other way than to actively scan the network graph for closed channels.

But I'm not sure if that's the right approach. How do explorers like 1ML do this?


texts:
I tried to create transaction which spends p2sh(p2wpkh) output:

from wif I derived compressed pub key: "035476e55521c97cf0489e6c57893a99d67e84d306a69e6b6904f324c11b3cef8d".
created witness program: "813798fcae182d1a36c6b4bb5f69e03bb9ec4124".
created script: "0014813798fcae182d1a36c6b4bb5f69e03bb9ec4124" and sigscript from script which should be specified to spend this ouput: "160014813798fcae182d1a36c6b4bb5f69e03bb9ec4124".
added tx input: {hash: "863fea23ba1c176bda5e360b0be25cacc405877aa3e46a3e1c60196c3b6cd7b6", vout: 0, signatureScript: scriptSig, witeness: nil}
created pkscript for address "14s9ocrbTX3ZCybtcN1jmtdxxJwKuyM3Em" (p2sh-p2wpkh): "a914809800f62119afdcf2317882eda5efd7a9a2163487".
added txout {amount: 11000, scriptPubKey: pkscript}
calculated txSigHashes := txscript.NewTxSigHashes(tx)
decoded utxo subscript into bytes: "a914bb4d332112bde9787ac2da5954ee5a2c5fbada6987".
derived witness signature: wit := txscript.WitnessSignature(tx, txSigHashes, 0, amount, subscript, txscript.SigHashAll, wif.PrivKey, true)
result: "3045022100bae83fd9e87751350a09bc4c120b29decadb13fb389541c3025a8982906602d5022005dc688901fd27b749cfd4ce14a62587f267a070984654271454e88cc3f9ed4e01 035476e55521c97cf0489e6c57893a99d67e84d306a69e6b6904f324c11b3cef8d".
added witness signature to tx.TxIn[0].Witness
Serializied signed tx: "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"

Even if I followed all the rules to create this transaction any try to push it into mainnet (via Blockcypher and other services) failed because of this error: "Error validating transaction: Error running script for input 0 referencing 863fea23ba1c176bda5e360b0be25cacc405877aa3e46a3e1c60196c3b6cd7b6 at 0: Script was NOT verified successfully"

So my question is where have I wrong done? Which step is wrong and how to do it in a right way?


texts: Why P2Pool fails to attract more users and other pools surpassed it?

texts:
Some people say that mining pool are going to violate the distributed principle of Bitcoin and make it more centralize. So why totally distributed pools such as P2Pool have not attract more users?

I read about the important factor of choosing a pool in here and here. As I know, P2Pool have many important factor including "not having pool fee", "sharing transaction fees", "being hopping proof (see here)", and more importantly conforming the distributed spirit of Bitcoin. So why it has much less computation power (and users) rather than other pools such as AntPool and BW.COM?? Is there something else I didn't considered?


texts: Getting insufficient funds when trying to send from a watch only wallet on blockchain.info android app

texts:
i currently have stored some btc on a paper wallet and have it as watch only on my blockchain.info account. now when i tried to send it out from the paper wallet, i'm getting an insufficient funds error. anyone know what this could be caused by?

also since i have it as a paper wallet and i can see the funds are still there via the blockchain. how can i import it into something else more secure?


texts: Best way to find list of UTXO related to xpub

texts:
Apparently the way to find a list of UTXO related to an xpub is to derive all addresses from the master private key and query a node with each and every one of them.
It is possible to generate 4294967296 addresses from a single extended key.
How should a wallet proceed to manage this in an efficient way?
I guess that in an ideal situation, addresses are generated in a sequential order... but my intuition tells me that nothing prevents a wallet from doing otherwise.


texts: Setting up remote bitcoin server control PHP

texts:
I'm pursuing an idea for a web app I had and I've hit a road block. I've worked with many other JSON APIs using php but I've never been introduced to this RPC side of things. I've done reading but still stuck.

I've set up a local bitcoin server using the bitcoin-qt.exe -server command in windows and I've used the resulting console to receive api responses. I'm now confused about how I go about connecting my web app to that server so I can make those calls from my php file and this let users interact with the bitcoin network from the webpage.


texts: I am working on a way to monitor bitcoin transactions and found that on blockchain info it's possible to find info about a bitcoin by ipv4 address. Is there an API supporting this on a larger scale? Or is bitcoin info using it's own database to connect ip with transaction?


texts: Bitcoin core database gone after error no more free disk space? How can I recover my bitcoins?

texts:
So I got myself into this situation.

I have a Bitcoin core wallet, which was up to date and all the way synced. Two days ago I tried to start it up again but when I tried to shut my laptop down I had a notification that I had no more free disc space, so Bitcoin core automatically shutted down. The day after I started my laptop again and the program was gone from my start task bar and had to go search it manually in program files. To my surprise when I opened my wallet it had to restart synchronizing all the way back from the start again. Not only that, all of my database directory was gone from the %appdata%\bitcoin folder! It started everything back from the beginning.

Of course I couldn't as I had no more free disk space. Now the strange thing is, all that space on my Hard drive went to the bitcoin database directory. But if my files are gone, and I still have no free disk space then where are they now, are they stored some place alse or hidden? Or did my hard drive crashed? If they where permanently gone I should have had free disk space again.

How can I solve this and recover my bitcoins? Please help, I'm freaking out as I'm afraid I won't be able to recover them any more as all my dat.files are gone!


texts: Bitcoin Transaction was sent to me with low fee and I used unconfirmed funds?

texts:
I was sent 0.29 btc to my wallet lastnight (bitpay) but it said the sender used low fees so it could take very long or be dropped? I'm not familiar. But I needed these funds in coinbase so I transferred some there and the rest topped off my bitpay visa card. I really need access to these funds, please help what can be done? Thank you.

The bitcoin address is.

18V9wQDAesH64XTDN6UJYw7DDzs8e92LtW


texts:
I've been using Bitcoin Wallet on windows 7 to receive payments successfully but after making my 1st BTC payment the transaction doesn't appear to be clearing (957 confirmations and counting).

The recipient of the payment has asked for my transaction email confirmation but I don't recall setting an email address or where to check if I ever did this.

Please can someone help?


texts:
I'm trying to code up BIP0032, with full test coverage and I hit a snag with these very rare edge cases:

Private parent key → private child key
In case parse256(IL) ≥ n or ki = 0, the resulting key is invalid, and one should proceed with the next value for i. (Note: this has probability lower than 1 in 2^127.)
Public parent key → public child key
In case parse256(IL) ≥ n or Ki is the point at infinity, the resulting key is invalid, and one should proceed with the next value for i.

I have not written any code around these conditions as without test cases to show I have done it correctly, it's pointless.
I've successfully tested my code with 30 million addresses generated from another library, but I think to stand a better than 50/50 chance of finding one of these edge cases I would have to check in the order of 10^19 (source: Birthday attack).
So my question is, does anyone have any test vectors for these cases?
The alternative is to have a whitebox test that passes bad IL values directly to an otherwise private function, but I'd rather have a blackbox test.


texts: What is "difficulty" and how it relates to "target"?

texts:
I don't understand what "difficulty" means and how it really relates to "target".

I understand what "target" is - it tells the miners, how small the resulting hash should be. (Basically, how many zeroes are there at the beginning, altough not exactly.)

But I don't understand what "difficulty" is, how it relates to the target and why it's important. I tried to read the article on wiki - https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Difficulty - but I don't have a clue what is it trying to say either.


texts: How get the public key to hex script? like command decodescript of bitcoin core

texts:
If I want to recreate the command decodescript of bitcoin core? how is the process for decode the script P2PK?

So I'm writing for personal exercise the Bitcoin script decompiler, form moment I have a version alpha of the process decodifier of the script P2PK script.

In my example, I get the scriptPubKey of the codebase block, so the data are

The hex of the script: 4104678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5fac

So the decoded script is

04678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5fac OP_CHECKSIG

The result of the command decodescript of bitcoin core

{
  "asm": "04678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5f OP_CHECKSIG",
  "reqSigs": 1,
  "type": "pubkey",
  "addresses": [
    "1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa"
  ],
  "p2sh": "3DjjKyU38gSfuVxajV43MUy4vHkg1JVL7T"
}

So the my process decode is

I get the type of transaction with this code

string hex(argv[1]);
BitcoinOPCode bitcoinOpCode;

string opcode = hex.substr(0, 2);
int32_t optValue = std::stoul(opcode, nullptr, 16);
auto optMap = bitcoinOpCode.opCodeList.find(optValue);
string optCode = optMap->second;
//Not are all type script
if (optCode == "OP_HASH160") {
    cout << "Finded the P2SHA";
} else if (optCode == "OP_DUP") {
    cout << "Finded the P2PKH";
} else {
    cout << "Finded the old style script\n";
}

The script is a script old style so I decode the hex script with this code

string key = hex.substr(2, optValue * 2);
opcode = hex.substr(2 + optValue * 2, hex.length());
cout << "Hex key is: " << key << " op code: " << opcode << endl;
optValue = std::stoul(opcode, nullptr, 16);
optMap = bitcoinOpCode.opCodeList.find(optValue);
opcode = optMap->second;

The result is 04678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5f OP_CHECKSIG

Find the key to this hex string 04678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5f

I try with this code

Bytes bytes = hexBytes(key.c_str());

 //Ripemd160
 uint8_t result[Ripemd160::HASH_LEN];
 Ripemd160::getHash(bytes.data(), key.length(), result);
 char address[36];
 Base58Check::pubkeyHashToBase58Check(result, 0x00, address);
 cout << "The script public key is: " << address  << " " << opcode << endl;

But the result is wrong 1NXtFSm6h4QAVBQ7ezaDc3ZvSKFj9GTfoV

I looked the code bitcoin, so I think the bitcoin core decode the script with this code GetScriptForDestination(WitnessV0KeyHash(Hash160(solutions_data[0].begin(), solutions_data[0].end())));

but in the my logic exist an bug, can you help me to find it? thanks


texts: How does cloakcoin determine valid transactions?

texts: I recently read the enigma white paper but I'm having a hard time figuring out how the network reaches consensus of valid transactions if the inputs and outputs are scrambled. How does the blockchain reflect who's account gets incremented and deincremented with these scrambled transactions. And how does the blockchain record account balances without giving away transaction histories.


texts: How does a node get information from other nodes?

texts:
I think a node sometimes needs to get a information from other nodes.
e.g.

get set of UTXO.
get main(longest) chain.

I have two questions.

How does a node tell other nodes these requests?
Like in github, are there commands like 'pull requests'?
Where does a node get information from?
I believe blockchain is decenterlized and all information is in the hands of all nodes.There must not be centerlized database.
Then, how does a node decide who is reliable to get information from?

I wish you could understand my poor English...


texts: Who are creating all the alternate cryptocurrencies?

texts:
Everyone knows Bitcoin and Litecoins goes hand in hand and they are the most popular cryptocurrencies out there. But who is creating all these alternative cryptocurrencies such as Feathercoin, Peercoin, Quarkcoin, Craftcoin, etc. And why are they created?

I see no potential why they would be something people would want to pay with in the future. I can not think that a café (for example) wants to add any other payments besides BTC and LTC and some FIAT money.

Why would they ever struggle with adding Peercoin, Quarkcoin, Craftcoin etc etc etc?

Once again, who are creating these coins and why? Do they have potential to grow high? If so, why?


texts: Do all Bitcoin client enforce checkpoints?


texts: Do any of the Android-based wallets support cold storage?

texts: Specifically I'm looking for Armory-like functionality where the transaction can be generated on an online system, transported to an offline android tablet or netbook via USB or QR code where it can be signed, then transported back to an online system where it can be broadcast.


texts: What was the reason when Bitcoin was $33,000, GBTC was about $33, but now Bitcoin is $54,000, and GBTC is $43?

texts: I did see the question Why does GBTC frequently not track Bitcoin's price?, but exactly what happened when Jan 2021, Bitcoin was about $33,000 and GBTC was $33, and now (Apr 30, 2021) Bitcoin is $54,000, and GBTC is $43?


texts: I recently got a couple Antminer S9's and I'm wondering if Bitmain sells their Antminer S9's with Asic Boost? I know of another miner called the Halong DragonMint Miner that achieves about 16 Terahashes with the same power usage and they say they use ASICBOOST. But does the Antminer S9 have ASICBOOST functionality built in and can you use that functionality?


texts: What's the purpose of running Armory through Tor?  Is it only useful once you get to the point where you start sending Bitcoins?


texts: I was installing a bitcoin miner on my surface pro 4 with 4 gb of RAM, and it took almost 14 hours before running out of space. I uninstalled bitcoin, but for some reason it's taking up like 100 gb of memory on my computer. It says it is in apps and data, but it won't show up anywhere! Please help. (I am also using windows 10)


texts: Is there a correlation between the value of Ripple (XRP) and Bitcoin (BTC)?


texts: How single usage of bitcoin address is resistant to quantum computing _and_ replace-by-fee?

texts:
It is often said that if a bitcoin user uses addresses only once, then quantum computer cannot compromise their security since the public key is revealed only when the money are actually spent.

But how come an attacker could not detect a transaction, reverse the public key and forge a transaction from the same address with a higher fee before the first transaction is mined?


texts:
I'm trying to understand all the logical steps that occur when a buy or sell order is submitted to an exchange such as Coinbase.

From what I understand currently, this is the general process. Am I on the right track here?

Where I think I'm wrong is step 3 and 7. I'm not sure if the tokens actually go to Coinbase for holding while the sale is "pending" or not.


texts: What files do I need to copy to a new computer to prevent having to sync with the network?

texts:
I think this used to be the blk0001.dat file, but it seems that the block chain is now (since version ?) moved to the blocks/ folder, containing a lot of blk* files, as well as an index file and multiple rev* files.

What files do I have to copy to a new machine if I want it to be synced up?

I know I will have to run with -rescan the first time after I changed the block chain files. And I know that the blocks are not verified (but they come from another machine I own, so there are no trust issues).

Please mention the current version number in your answer to not confuse people if the file configuration would change over time.


texts: How does Bitcoin coordinate time between nodes

texts: I'm curious about how Bitcoin nodes sync their time. There are delays within data transmission so if a node mines a block, how does the network determine whether it is the first?


texts: Would migrating my coins to a segwit (bc1) address reduce my fees as I send them out?

texts: Currently fees are a bit ridiculous when sending from mycelium. I'm thinking of migrating all my coins to electrum 3 as a segwit (bc1) address. Then, would my fees be smaller? And if I exclusively use electrum 3, would I be able to send my coins to legacy addresses (1...) without any issues?


texts: What protocols or algorithms are Bitcoin clients using in order to find their peers? I learnt that BitTorrent clients may rely on central computers called trackers. Do Bitcoin clients need any kind of central servers or nodes in order to operate?


texts: Why does the age of the coin in my wallet matter?

texts:
When a new transaction is made, the client seems to prefer older coins in the wallet.

What is the rationale for this?   Are there any cases where it doesn't make sense to strictly collect coins by age?


texts: Does bitcoin miner heat as much as a heater

texts:
If someone want to heat a room or some water for a defined amount of time and without a worry about the sound produced.
Can a bitcoin miner be a good subtitute to a modern heather with the same power consumption ?


texts: Bitcoin Pro API - How do you format start/end time for Historic Data?

texts:
I don't understand how to format the start and end time per https://docs.pro.coinbase.com/#get-historic-rates

The sample time is "1415398768" which makes no intuitive sense to me, and when I tried looking up ISO 8601 time formats, none of the formats I found have 10 digits like the bitcoin sample.


texts: Wrong testnet address generation [python]

texts:
I'm trying to generate a testnet address without success.Main net address is working fine. Here is my code. The generated testnet address from this code is :CNFNz61dzQ2NQ9RCnjJFrm2de7nLbbT9xSv which is in wrong format.

import os
import ecdsa
import hashlib
import base58

#private_key = os.urandom(32).encode("hex")
private_key =
"7c7cd1c5f24b255ae113459dccdba8df3ff2e76ca0932d02f81be27311c64e32"

print "this is my private key: " + private_key

sk = ecdsa.SigningKey.from_string(private_key.decode("hex"), curve =
ecdsa.SECP256k1)

vk = sk.verifying_key

public_key = ('\04'+ vk.to_string()).encode("hex")

print "this is my public key: " + public_key

ripemd160 = hashlib.new('ripemd160')

ripemd160.update(hashlib.sha256(public_key.decode("hex")).digest())

ripemd160.digest()
#main network id
#middle_man = '\00' + ripemd160.digest()

#testnet id
middle_man = '\6f' + ripemd160.digest()

checksum =
hashlib.sha256(hashlib.sha256(middle_man).digest()).digest()[:4]

binary_addr = middle_man + checksum

addr = base58.b58encode(binary_addr)

# main address = 19kyG9Q5QXMEZSpte6fpTeo1BWKV5Pa6ch
print "testnet address: " + addr

Update:
Finally i found a solution. It seems there was a problem in line

middle_man = '\6f' + ripemd160.digest()

when importing raw bytes into a string

So I import struct and replaced the code above with:

middle_man = struct.pack('=B',111) + ripemd160.digest()

http://gobittest.appspot.com/Address  was really helpfull thanks.


texts: Connecting a Hardware wallet to a full node

texts:
I'm trying to connect my hardware wallet to my personal full node for the sake of privacy. I need to know the node's IP, port, and RPC credentials. The first two are easy, I can see my full node in bitcodes.io that's up and running. I added the
rpcuser=xxx
rpcpassword=****

to the bitcoin.conf file. But When I try to connect through my hardware wallet application, it says: The node is not reachable. I'm not sure whether the bitcoind is reading the rpc inputs from the config file or not. Is there anyway that I could try to reach to my node to make sure it's reachable using the rpc credentials.
Here is the content in the bitcoin.conf file:
prune=0
txindex=1
server=1
daemon=1
rpcuser=letsbegin
rpcpassword=*****
externalip=xx.xx.xx.xx


texts: I'm looking for the git tag of Bitcoin at the time of the fork as well as litecoin after the fork


texts: How do non-deterministic wallets violate the principle of address reuse?

texts:
In chapter 5 of Mastering Bitcoin, Andreas writes:

"The disadvantage of random keys is that if you generate many of them you must keep copies of all of them, meaning that the wallet must be backed up frequently.
Each key must be backed up, or the funds it controls are irrevocably lost if the wallet becomes inaccessible.
This conflicts directly with the principle of avoiding address reuse, by using each bitcoin address for only one transaction."

If we are using each bitcoin address for only one transaction, how does this result in address reuse?


texts:
I tried to update clightning to the new version of 0.7 by

docker-compose stop
docker-compose rm clightning_bitcoin
docker-compose up

However, it is still version 0.63
Where do I set that it is upgrading to 0.7?

Would this change in docker-compose.yml be correct?

  clightning_bitcoin:
    image: elementsproject/lightningd

to

  clightning_bitcoin:
    image: elementsproject/lightningd:latest


texts:
For all noobs and cryptocurrencies, is there anywhere a tutorial on how to use the wallet?

I've noticed several wallets that are just the same thing with a different name, but so far the only thing i get to know is that they give an address.

They all have an overview with the balance on the account at 0 coins, that's fine.
Then a tag of sending and asking coins, I can also get to understand what that does, even when it's empty and the only way to find other addresses is person to person. Now the crazy stuff that makes me wonder do i have to be a programmer to use these things?

What is that thing (Out of Sync) next to the wallet in red letters? How do I fix that? How can I "Sync" what exactly? Since when I install primecoin wallet for example, it starts downloading a bunch of crazy stuffs updating a bunch of weeks and after is finally done, it just tells me that the wallet is out of sync, and there's nothing i can do about it and I googled.

And people just mention but never explain a scary debug window with a console that i have no idea what it does or what should I do with that, and they only post code stuffs that if I copy paste won't work, at least not in all wallets and in those that accepted that code, it does absolutely nothing that I can know of....

Is there a newbie guide on how to get to use a wallet? primecoin, dogecoin, rainbowcoin, aimcoin... they all look just the same, and people talk about mining some few coins just by keeping them open.

Can someone help me? Please explain in baby steps I know nothing about scripts or pools or codes, or encryption, and is really frustrating me because I want to learn.