texts: What prevents Dash miners from refusing to pay to masternodes?

texts:
I struggle to understand the repationship between Dash miners and masternodes. The proposition is that masternodes provide additional services to the network and automatically get paid a part (45%) of the block reward. What I don't understand is how this share is enforced.

From the Dash whitepaper:

  When mining on the network, pool software (websites that merge the
  efforts of individual miners) use the RPC API interface to get
  information about how to make a block. To pay the Masternodes, this
  interface must be extended by adding a secondary payee to
  GetBlockTemplate. Pools then propagate their successfully mined
  blocks, with a split payment between themselves and a Masternode.

What prevents miners from simply ignoring the masternodes and assigning 100% of block reward to themselves?

Edit: from Dash documentation:

If a miner tried to take the entire block reward for themselves or tried to run an old version of the Dash software, the masternode network would orphan that block, and it would not be added to the blockchain.

But the question remains: what does it mean for a masternode to orphan a block?


texts:
I'm a newbie with this argument. If I want to mine Bitcoin with Raspberry, how should I proceed? In specific:

Distro
Mining's software

And, How many Bitcoins I can to mine in a month?


texts: What is the likelihood that an xPub child address is not owned by the same xPub address holder?

texts:
Kind of an odd question, and I'm pretty sure the answer is, "extremely unlikely," but wanted to see what the community thought.

Secondary question: How sure can one be that the addresses walletgenerator.net and similar paper wallet generators generate are not all related to an already-in-use xPub?


texts: Why was the MIT license chosen for Bitcoin?

texts:
Given that an open, transparent, distributed p2p network is a central element of Bitcoin project it seems unusual that it is licensed under the MIT license which allows proprietary closed source derivitives.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_License

Does anyone know if there was a stated or expressed reason for not chosing a free software license?

Has there been any discussion to license future versions of the Bitcoin client under licenses which have "copy left" and "patent retaliation" provisions such as GPL?


texts:
Lately, I had a synchronization problem using bitcoin core, and I asked in this forum how to solve it.
 Here is the link of the forum post.

I resigned trying to make bitcoin core work again, and connected today on a browser based wallet (blockchain.info).

I imported my private key, and the wallet showed I had exactly 0 BTC...

Option 1) I did the transfer between the 2 wallets wrong.

Option 2) I have been hacked, and lost 350 USD.

What do you think ?

Thank you.
(UPDATE : I did the import with a desktop based wallet and the result was te same : two transactions (that I did myslef 2 moths ago) and a balance of 0 BTC...).


texts:
I have generated few fancy bitcoin addresses with vanitygen. I was looking on some webpage how-to-add the address into my bitcoin wallet.
I accidentally entered the example private key instead of my generated one.
Now I have in my wallet someone else's address and plenty of transactions.

Is there a way how to remove that address from my wallet?
I did more actions since the last backup.

The only way I came to is to backup private keys from my wallet and add them to some empty wallet.


texts:
I have tried to install bitcore.io on a clean and upgraded Ubuntu 16.04.3 (64 bits) but always get permission errors.

I have already created a user and password for bitcore:

sudo useradd -r -m bitcore
sudo usermod -aG sudo,adm bitcore
sudo passwd bitcore

Installed nodejs v8.9.3 and ZeroMQ:

apt-get install libzmq3-dev build-essential

But when install bitcore:

npm install -g bitcore

I got this error message after download bitcoin-0.12.1-linux64.tar.gz:

bitcoin-0.12.1/lib/libbitcoinconsensus.so.0.0.0
npm ERR! path ../lib/node_modules/bitcore/bin/bitcore
npm ERR! code EACCES
npm ERR! errno -13
npm ERR! syscall symlink
npm ERR! Error: EACCES: permission denied, symlink '../lib/node_modules/bitcore/bin/bitcore' -> '/usr/bin/bitcore'
npm ERR!  { Error: EACCES: permission denied, symlink '../lib/node_modules/bitcore/bin/bitcore' -> '/usr/bin/bitcore'
npm ERR!   cause:
npm ERR!    { Error: EACCES: permission denied, symlink '../lib/node_modules/bitcore/bin/bitcore' -> '/usr/bin/bitcore'
npm ERR!      errno: -13,
npm ERR!      code: 'EACCES',
npm ERR!      syscall: 'symlink',
npm ERR!      path: '../lib/node_modules/bitcore/bin/bitcore',
npm ERR!      dest: '/usr/bin/bitcore' },
npm ERR!   stack: 'Error: EACCES: permission denied, symlink \'../lib/node_modules/bitcore/bin/bitcore\' -> \'/usr/bin/bitcore\'',
npm ERR!   errno: -13,
npm ERR!   code: 'EACCES',
npm ERR!   syscall: 'symlink',
npm ERR!   path: '../lib/node_modules/bitcore/bin/bitcore',
npm ERR!   dest: '/usr/bin/bitcore' }
npm ERR!
npm ERR! Please try running this command again as root/Administrator.

Also, I have ran the previous command with sudo but the error is the same.

Also, I have ran npm install bitcore and it is installed without problem but cannot run bitcored. System returns bitcored: command not found.


texts:
I've been doing a lot of research about bitcoin, trying to understand it at the bit & byte level.

I was wondering about the lookup efficiency of the Merkle tree.

I haven't found any evidence that Merkle trees are mandatory binary, which would allow a O(log2 n) lookup algorithm.

If a node may have an arbitrary number of children, then the lookup function would have a O(logK n * K), where K is the maximum number of allowed child nodes (as far as I remember).


texts:
I'm new to programming. I got into it because I wanted to learn Bitcoin.

I've downloaded the source files from Bitcoin Core. Can anyone enlighten me where the source codes related to the hash functions are located at?


texts:
Is the algorithm used by FirstBits to create their shortened addresses described anywhere, so that anyone wanting to automatically generate them could generate the same result as asking the website for each individual address?

For example, when a block explorer like http://blockchain.info/ wants to include FirstBits for every address, how does it generate them fast without overloading the FB website?


texts: Block 566687 nonce with extranonce, how to interpret?

texts:
This could apply to any block, but I was checking this one out found by Slushpool.

I've looked this up in Mastering Bitcoin and here on StackExchange, but the best I can get so far is: the coinbase tx is a script, where the first byte says "push three bytes on the stack", which turns out to be 9fa508 in hexadecimal.  Reversing the byte order to 08a59f gives the block number (566687 decimal).

This is where I get stuck. The book says the next few bytes are used to encode the extra nonce.

Then it gets a bit more detailed: "Eight bytes of extra nonce, plus the 4 bytes of "standard" nonce allow miners to explore a total 2^96 (8 followed by 28 zeros) possibilities per second without having to modify the timestamp." p. 266 Chapter 10 in the latest edition of Mastering Bitcoin.

I can't find any code examples to try and find the nonce for a block using the extra nonce, rather than the usual examples that go to a maximum 32-bit unsigned integer as the nonce.

Is it a concatenation of nonce + extranonce, simply 41678782744206783853?  (With  4167878274 the nonce, then the additional 8 bytes interpreted as a large little-endian integer?)

I've also seen it's apparently a push of a timestamp then another push of N bytes for the extranonce, but it's getting hard to find anything to actually test.

I can't just write something like this in Python:

 header = ( struct.pack("<L", version_) + prev_block.decode('hex')[::-1] +
      merkle_root.decode('hex')[::-1] + struct.pack("<LLQ", timetamp_, bits, nonce))

The nonce is way too big in this case to pack with Q of course.

What is the correct way to validate recent blocks interpreting the nonce and extra nonce?  Subtracting a little from the given nonce, so a loop only goes for say a few thousand times, adding +1 up to the nonce, then finding a block hash lower than the target doesn't seem to work with the extra nonce, although it does with older blocks that have a nonce that fits within an unsigned 32-bit integer.

The real nonce a much larger number, isn't it?  If it is, where is it, and how is it put together with the apparent nonce given on blockchain explorers so that a simple script can validate a recent Bitcoin block?

Thanks!


texts: Where can I find statistics on average feerates at different times of day and days of the week?

texts:
I know there are websites that show the price needed to get a tx into a block if made now, but is there any website that show the average price per byte for a tx at different times of the week and day? I am pretty sure there will be daily and weekly patterns, so it would be cool to see this if someone has collected this data.
If not, I guess I'll have to create this myself! Thanks for any URLs or tips.


texts:
I know that every public key has a private key... I am wondering how to regenerate a private key that was generated by my Blockchain app (using a plain text passkey, which I am assuming was converted into the proper format by the app)

I have the wallet address where the bitcoins were sent, but cannot use the plain text private key I used in the application to spend the bitcoins...

The bitcoins have been sitting at this address since 2015, And I guess I was hoping if there is a way to convert the passphrase I used in the app into the proper private key to access the bitcoins at the address they were sent to...

I hope that this makes sense.... I can see them there, and not being able to access them is so frustrating! I lost the data in the application, I think due to a glitch. I was hoping since it is a mathematics thing to generate the private key that there must be a way to go backwards, using the public address and the plain text passkey I had used to find the proper format private key.


texts:
From Bitcoin Wiki: Testnet

  There have been three generations of testnet. Testnet2 was just the first testnet reset with a different genesis block, because people were starting to trade testnet coins for real money. Testnet3 is the current test network. It was introduced with the 0.7 release, introduced a third genesis block, a new rule to avoid the "difficulty was too high, is now too low, and transactions take too long to verify" problem, and contains blocks with edge-case transactions designed to test implementation compatibility.

I'm interested to know about Testnet(1) and Testnet2: the differences, the reason each version was deprecated (in particular, how/why people were selling TBTCs). I'm interested in the "historical context" as much as I am technical reasons for changing to a new Testnet version.


texts: How Can the Bitcoin Wallet Blockchain Size Be So Small?

texts:
I have recently been studying more in-depth how bitcoin actually operates, and I have repeatedly heard that the blockchain in its entirety is many Gigabytes in size. As such, how can the storage space taken up by end-user bitcoin clients by anything less than that, because, for example, satoshi him/herself could send you some bitcoins, and the system would need to reference some really early blocks to verify that transaction?

Essentially, could someone explain to me or point to a resource detailing why wallet clients only download the 'most recent blocks,' and how this cut-off is decided?

Most bitcoin guides assume every user contains a copy of the entire blockchain, but, in practice, that seems to be incorrect.


texts: Why is a privacy problem to pay always to the same address?

texts:
I know as a merchant it is not a good idea to receive all payments to the same address because then people could track our balance.

But I don't understand why it could be a privacy problem if we receive payments from one customer to the same address (but every customer has a different address assigned).
Why will there be a privacy hole for the customer if we always receive their payments to the same address?


texts: Multibit vs Electrum - which is more mature and secure?

texts:
I'm having a hard time finding objective reviews / comparisons of these two 'lite' clients. Can someone who tried them both give some comments?

Thanks


texts: Is buying BTC on localbitcoins.com safe?

texts:
Hi I'm looking into getting some bitcoins, and was wondering if buying locally from someone on localbitcoins.com would be safe.

Has anyone had any experience with that?


texts:
When was the term "mining" (the process of hashing, processing the transactions, adding blocks to the blockchain etc.) first used?

Was it there right from the beginning of bitcoin?

Who was the first to call it mining?

Are the other examples pre-bitcoin of the word "mining" being used in a similar manner (i.e. to mean some sort of computational/cryptographic work)?


texts:
Prior to the split I moved my bitcoins offline from Coinbase to my local Electrum wallet (Original wallet) since at the time Coinbase said they were not going to support bitcoin cash..

After the split I then created a new wallet with a new seed and moved my bitcoins to that new wallet (BTC wallet). I then created a new wallet with the original seed and moved my bitcoins from my Original Wallet to this new wallet (BCH Wallet.) Each of these new wallets showed the correct amount of bitcoins. Presumably one was the old bitcoins and the other was bitcoin cash, although the only way to tell was by how I named the wallets.)

My understanding from all the online procedures was that I should have ended up with my bitcoins in the BTC wallet and bitcoin cash in the BCH Wallet.

I later moved the coins from my Electrum BTC wallet back up to Coinbase. Since Coinbase doesn’t yet support BCH I then tried sending my BCH to Kraken, but I get an insufficient funds message. All my offline wallets show a zero balance. Did I in fact never have two separate bitcoin amounts, original as well as cash? Have I in fact lost my bitcoin cash, or did I ever really even have it?

If my bitcoin cash does in fact exist, where would I go to find it?

Any help appreciated.


texts: How net earners got their incomming channels?

texts:
Lighting looks good for net spenders:

download node/wallet
lock your funds by openning channel to some hub
spend until has something in channel
close it

All costs like channel fees and locked funds goes to funder/spender.

But what in case of net earners (shops like bitrefill) another party should lock their funds and pay fees to deliver funds. I don't found answer in Lighting RFC, it seems like it should be whole OTC market with Banks/Hubs and unsafe protocols. Net earners should pay someone to lock their moneys by opening channel in their direction.

Inspired by:
https://medium.com/failsafe/why-lightning-and-raiden-networks-will-not-work-d1880e4bc294


texts: What is is minimum possible number for an ECDSA private key?

texts:
Private keys are 256 bit numbers. I know the max. possible number is something around:
115792089237316195423570985008687907852837564279074904382605163141518161494336

What about the min. number possible?

Thanks.


texts: Runtime error when trying to send bitcoins

texts: When sending coins, an error message pops up saying: "This application has requested the Runtime to terminate in an unusual way, please contact it the applications support team", what do?


texts: Getting Error "Not enough funds after fees in 1 inputs to pay for 1 outputs, missing -xxx" with BlockCypher API

texts:
I code a C# application, build of the BlockCypher API and NBitcoin.
I try to send 5000 Satoshi (f.e.) from my wallet to another. My wallet has an amount of 12709 satoshi as balance.
The Request is: {"inputs":[{"addresses":["1D8qMn5i************zBYX9nV"]}],"outputs":[{"addresses":["1NbfuFvb*********PXyoVRSVG"],"value":5000}]}

The API answers me with the error: "Not enough funds after fees in 1 inputs to pay for 1 outputs, missing -18191."
The tx is:
"tx": {
    "block_height": -1,
    "block_index": -1,
    "hash": "932aa8da****************************************5ed3b2aa6",
    "addresses": [
      "1D8qMn5iW********92npbnzBYX9nV",
      "1NbfuFvb7********SB4rPXyoVRSVG"
    ],
    "total": 5000,
    "fees": 7709,
    "size": 85,
    "vsize": 85,
    "preference": "medium",
    "relayed_by": "2a02:810a:10bf:b99c:618b:7cfb:b849:da91",
    "received": "2021-02-14T13:00:23.205969129Z",
    "ver": 1,
    "double_spend": false,
    "vin_sz": 1,
    "vout_sz": 1,
    "confirmations": 0,
    "inputs": [
      {
        "prev_hash": "ce*****************************************a7",
        "output_index": 1,
        "output_value": 12709,
        "sequence": 4294967295,
        "addresses": [
          "1D8qMn5iW************npbnzBYX9nV"
        ],
        "script_type": "pay-to-pubkey-hash",
        "age": 670255
      }
    ],
    "outputs": [
      {
        "value": 5000,
        "script": "****a9**************************************a88ac",
        "addresses": [
          "1NbfuF**********PXyoVRSVG"
        ],
        "script_type": "pay-to-pubkey-hash"
      }
    ]
  },
  "tosign": [
    "e866b12890***********************1f33c1f591429fc"
  ]
}

My cSharp code is:
var sendingAmt = 5000;
var api = new Blockcypher(MySettings.Default.BlockcypherToken, Endpoint.BtcMain);
var fromaddress = privateKey.PubKey.GetAddress(Network.Main).ToString();
var privateKeyBytes = privateKey.GetBitcoinSecret(Network.Main).ToBytes();
var hexPrivate = Encoders.Hex.EncodeData(privateKeyBytes);
var toAddress = "1NbfuFv*************PXyoVRSVG";

var taskRes = await api.Send(fromaddress, toAddress, hexPrivate, sendingAmt);

Can someone tell me, what the problem is and how I can solve it?


texts: Transactions from blockchain not confirmed for days

texts:
Please anybody in the house to help with this transaction

https://blockchain.info/tx/4ad6cccbd988248d1718909da6d98aaa3872594dfafc1aca7c52c3dbb7bd6ff4
It has been unconfirmed for days


texts:
I would like to design an application that involves integrating with the bitcoin mining process. My problem is that I don't have an environment that legitimately mines bitcoins because of hardware expenses. This makes it difficult for me to set up a solution around the bitcoin mining when I can't directly test my software with a newly mined block.

Is it possible to set up an alternate bitcoin network just on my LAN at home that would simulate the first beginnings of the actual bitcoin network (where mining a block is much easier)? Or is there a better to learn the exact specifics of what happens on a computer that successfully mines a block?


texts: Why block height is required in coinbase?

texts:
While reading bitcoin source I found this short comment:

// Height first in coinbase required for block.version=2

(From https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/miner.cpp#L338).

Why this is required? Does it prevent some misuse or attack?

I found that this change was introduced in BIP-0034. In relevant pull request it is justified by following points:

  Putting the height in the coinbase is desired for at least two reasons:

  It guarantees that every subsequent block and transaction hash is unique.
  It can be used to better reason about plausible difficulty for not-yet-connected blocks.

But for me this explains nothing: I don't see how adding height guarantees unique block hashes and I don't understand what is "plausible difficulty for not-yet-connected blocks".


texts: How to distinguish watch-only addresses from spendable addresses when deleting addresses

texts:
An answer to I have watched addresses in my wallet..how do i use them? says:

"If you do not have the private keys for those addresses, then they are not yours and you cannot do anything with them. Those addresses and their associated Bitcoin do not belong to you, so you cannot use them.
You can delete the watch only addresses if possible; you will not lose any money if you delete just those addresses because there is no money that belongs to you in the first place with those addresses. However be careful of deleting the wallet entirely, it could have addresses and private keys which do belong to you and those you do not want to delete."

Based on the answer above, how do you then establish which addresses belongs to me that I must not delete?


texts:
To the best of my understanding Bitcoin uses encryption to create the digital signature, basically, by encrypting the hashed message (transaction?).

Would like to get your expert opinion to my claim the encryption is used by the Bitcoin protocol/algorithm.


texts: What prevents real-life robberies in the hypothetical future where Bitcoin is widely used?

texts:
What prevents the following real-life robberies from happening in the future where Bitcoin or similar cryptocurrency is widely used?

Robber A goes to an infrequently-visited street vendor and buys a pack of gum with Bitcoin.  Robber A now knows the address of the vendor.  Robber A can sit and wait until someone (Victim A) purchases something from this address and has a very large Bitcoin balance.  Robber A can follow and rob Victim A for their entire Bitcoin wallet.
More generally, Robber B goes to random persons house with a gun and demands a Bitcoin transfer equal to Victim B's full wallet.

Am I missing something because it seems incredible easy for people to do?  Today cash, credit, and debit robberies have preventions/limitations in place to thwart very large robberies.  I'm not seeing the same preventions for Bitcoin.


texts:
Just saw a "fallback" property in LN invoice. Never seen before. Can you please describe what that means and how I can make an invoice with same property?

I am using c-lightning. This is what i had decoding invoice:

{
   "currency" : "bc",
   "created_at" : 1564513459,
   "expiry" : 3600,
   "payee" : "03efccf2c383d7bf340da9a3f02e2c23104a0e4fe8ac1a880c8e2dc92fbdacd9df",
   "msatoshi" : 1000000000,
   "amount_msat" : "1000000000msat",
   "description" : "satoshis-tennis-1564513459.3110697",
   "min_final_cltv_expiry" : 10,
   "fallbacks" : [
      {
         "type" : "P2SH",
         "addr" : "3MXqbMwf457U4Jaw35WnJdnL99mq7Q8oQQ",
         "hex" : "a914d9a625fb64a9faa4600548ae97e8efda9294dd0a87"
      }
   ],
   "routes" : [
      [
         {
            "pubkey" : "0276e09a267592e7451a939c932cf685f0754de382a3ca85d2fb3a864d4c365ad5",
            "short_channel_id" : "557233x2338x0",
            "fee_base_msat" : 1000,
            "fee_proportional_millionths" : 9,
            "cltv_expiry_delta" : 14
         }
      ]
   ],
   "payment_hash" : "de210472f7e9513358a22db99ee5b987e9fe96d523d0d833fd900837aa71199a",
   "signature" : "3045022100c79fc20087480d302a68c3b92b34de935956202c0499cf8acc182837c871923202200879fd3979aa688a46703c31f7e56ea5e7917f4820da42177d31fc2a9290c91a"
}

I am in particular interested in the following part:

    "fallbacks" : [ { "type" : "P2SH", "addr" : "3MXqbMwf457U4Jaw35WnJdnL99mq7Q8oQQ", "hex" : "a914d9a625fb64a9faa4600548ae97e8efda9294dd0a87" } ],


texts: How to verify a given transaction was sent by a Green Address?

texts:
I have run bitcoind. How do I get the funds sent from Green Addresses? If the transaction  is  sent by  Green Addresses, that can be immediately on receipt with zero network confirmations

There are several methods in the list of RPC calls, Is it possible?

Working Example from Block.io Is Green Transaction?

List of RPC calls


texts: What to do when you bought in BTC and the product hasn't been delivered

texts:
I bought a supplement not available in my country (not drugs mind you) in bitcoin.

The company has given me all the proof that they had received my money but failed to send me my product and no longer answer my mails.

Is there any way I can get my bitcoins back ?

I tried to fill a claim but, for my country, bitcoins are not money - so the police told me that for them there is no transaction.

If not how can I help the bitcoin community by informing them to beware of this seller so they will not be stolen either (and for the FUD they are doing to the coin) ?

Thanks


texts: How do I ask for witness data from a Bitcoin full node?


texts: How can I tell when bitcoind has found a block?

texts:
I'm using the traditional bitcoind -gen on the testnet to mine some test bitcoins. I did this on one machine for a few hours, and stopped when I found a faucet. Later though, I magically obtained 50 coins in my wallet. I think because blocks have a long confirmation?

Anyway, so how can I tell when bitcoind has successfully mined a block (and now just waiting for confirmations)


texts: Why is syncroning taking forever on BitcoinCore

texts:
It has been synchronizing for months and i want my money now. I have tried re-downloading , clearing cache

i downloading from their website. It is the lastes.t version of Bitcoin Core.Windows 10 ,4.00GB  64 Bit


texts: Ardor / NXT node stuck on ** Broadcasting blockchain state change from UP_TO_DATE to DOWNLOADING **

texts:
My node has just stopped syncing and it just displays:

Broadcasting blockchain state change from UP_TO_DATE to DOWNLOADING

How can one fix this?


texts:
I was reindexing blockchain and I got this message:
Unable to open file /home/ki/.bitcoin/rev00502.dat
ERROR: Flush: fail to open file 502
*** Flushing undo file to disk failed. This is likely  the result of an I/ error
Any ideas how to solve it?


texts: How do I find the transaction ID of what I just transacted?

texts:
If I send or receive something (with Bitcoin-QT), how can I get the transaction ID of that transaction?

context: I'm playing satoshi bones and they have verification code I can run to make sure they're playing by their own rules.  The game is based on a hash of the transaction ID of what I send them, so I just want to give it a check but I need the transaction IDs of my transactions with them.

verification code supplied by satoshi bones that I want to run:

import hashlib
import struct
def verify(txid,secret,lessthen):
   sha512 = hashlib.sha512()
   sha512.update(secret+txid)
   b = sha512.digest()
   result = struct.unpack("<H",b[0]+b[1])[0]
   if result<lessthen:
      print "win!"
   else:
      print "lose!"


texts: I sent Bitcoin to an address but the recipient hasn't yet received it

texts:
This is the transaction ID:
81f0babd0a3c6d9be17db45a62932679b05bac6a30df1abfb47c2eee83d9f0ff. The address is not wrong but the receiver couldn't get the payment. It has been 2 days.


texts: Sweeping funds from addresses generated by Extended Private Key (BIP39)

texts:
I have a site that is trying to process micropayments. It uses a mnemonic / extended private key generated here to generate a new Bitcoin address for every payment.

Everything works fine except I'm realizing now that it will be expensive to recover funds from the generated addresses because it will cost a ~10,000 satoshi mining fee per address.

This is a small fee but it is too high considering the totals being extracted are only 20,000 to 30,000 satoshi.

Are there any options to solve this problem? I know Bitcoin has this concept of "sweeping" funds. Does that still involve incurring a flat fee for every address generated by the master private key?

A few other options I've been considering:

BlockCypher had a microtransactions API which seems to be shut down now
Some node APIs including BlockCypher offer payment forwarding though I don't understand the fees involved or how it works internally
Payment channels / Lightning Network


texts: Does getrecievedbyaddress work for all addresses?

texts:
In previous versions getrecievedbyaddress api call returned 0 for external addresses (not included into local wallet) and it was described in the docs. However, right now documentation for getrecievedbyaddress doesn't mention externall/local addresses.

Does this mean that I can use this api call for any address?


texts: How is Merkle path derived or calculated?

texts:
How is Merkle path calculated? I am looking for a detailed algorithm rather than a quick one liner for this so I can implement it.

Note that this is not the same as computing Merkle root or building Merkle tree. Also not asking why Merkle path is needed. I did not find any info on this site going over the algorithm for deriving Merkle path.


texts: Exchange rate of limit orders with a positive interval

texts: Consider some exchange, e.g. Mt. Gox, with just two users, Alice and Bob. If Alice places a sale order limited above 90$, and Bob places a buy order limited below 110$, at what rate will the exchange take place?


texts: Bitcoin/Dogecoin Daemon RPC authentication - 401 status error

texts:
I'm trying to connect to a local dogecoin server with jsonRPC.

The dogecoin daemon is launched with the following parameters:

dogecoin-qt -server -testnet -gen -debug -debugnet -printtoconsole -rpcuser=user -rpcpassword=user

The following Java code is used to connect to the server:

I'm using com.googlecode.jsonrpc4j.JsonRpcHttpClient

            JsonRpcHttpClient client = new JsonRpcHttpClient(new URL("http://user:user@localhost:22555"));

        String response = "";
        client.invoke("getinfo()", response);
        System.out.println(response);

It just won't accept any credentials at all, I've tried setting them on the conf file, command-line, etc.

Server returned HTTP response code: 401 for URL: http://user:user@localhost:22555

Any ideas ?


texts: Do I have to make a back up copy every time I make a transaction?

texts: In other words when I make another transaction but I only have the original backup when I restore the backup does it only show the amount from my original transaction or will it be updated to the latest transaction if I've made several transactions since my back up?


texts: How does one create a blockchain snapshot (vs a bootstrap)?

texts:
I have read How to create a blockchain snapshot for a hardfork? but it does not answer this question.  I understand the bootstrap.dat file is basically a concatenation of the blk000x.dat files, but the snapshot is integrated into a wallet faster.

I am surprised this question is not already asked and answered here as there are several mentions about the use of a snapshot in various answers  to other questions.


texts: "Relay fee" error when sending funds from one account to another

texts:
I have a problem with bitcoin in sending payments from one user to another user. When I try to send, I get the error txfee cannot be less than min relay tx fee (0.00001000 BTC/kB).
Please help with possible solutions


texts: How does the blockchain prevent transaction based on outdated note

texts:
This question borders along the line of cryptography and distributed systems, but I guess I have a strong chance of getting an answer if asked here. So here goes:
I understand that the blockchain is in essence a distributed ledger, and nodes taking part in both validation and just performing transaction do this based on their own copy of the distributed ledger.
Since this is distributed I assumed at any given point in time, not all node would have exactly the same data, as it takes some time for changes to propagate throughout the whole network.
Given this characteristics of distributed systems, the question then is, how does systems implemented using blockchains prevent erroneous transaction based on their outdated, and not yet up to date view of the network?
How does this problem get resolved?


texts: How does Abe or any blockchain explorer determine transaction size?

texts:
I was looking over the Abe code once again, and came to a stumbling point. I can't understand how this is accurate:

tx['size'] = len(tx['tx'])

Transaction size is simply the length of the raw transaction string? I did not think that 1 character of that string was equal to one byte.

Edit: while tinkering around with this with a simple python command line program, I was able to determine that the block size is actually half of the raw transaction string length. I also found out this:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal

  Each hexadecimal digit represents four binary digits (bits), and the primary use of hexadecimal notation is a human-friendly representation of binary-coded values in computing and digital electronics. One hexadecimal digit represents a nibble, which is half of an octet or byte (8 bits).

Though it still doesn't answer the question, why isn't the size divided by two in the ABE source code?


texts: difference between Master Public/private Key and Public/private Key?

texts:
what is difference between Master Public Key (MPK) and Public Key?
what is difference between Master Private Key and Private Key?
should I use master public key (MPK) when generating address or public key?


texts:
Would you store an encrypted wallet (backup) of significant value on dropbox?

Assuming the passcode is good and secure.

The wallet in question is bitcoin-qt, encrypted using the built-in encryption feature.


texts: What is the use of hashing the public key to obtain the bitcoin address?

texts:
What is the use of hashing the public key to obtain the bitcoin address (except to compress it) rather than using the public key directly?

Why not deal with public keys directly?


texts:
I heard that in the future Bitcoin has the ability to track physical assets.

Can someone explain how this would be done? (generally speaking)


texts: Can an old passphrase recover my bitcoins using an old backup wallet.dat file?

texts:
I forgot the new passphrase for my wallet.

But i previously backed up the wallet with a passphrase  i do remember.

Can i then access that previously saved wallet and recover my btc ?


texts:
Currently, the funds deposited in a payment channel cannot be sent on-chain without closing the channel. Similarly, the user must open a brand new channel in order to deposit some on-chain funds into LN.

Is it possible to make a LN wallet seamless, so that the user could be freed from dealing with hassles like channel opening/closing?


texts: Where can I set the fee value for accepting transactions?

texts: If I run a miner where can I set the fee value to accept transactions in the bitcoin client?


texts:
Apparently, there is an Australian trading house, Bit Trade, that will trade currency for Bitcoins or vice versa.

Is there a U.S. equivalent?


texts: Is the denumerability of private keys a threat?

texts: Since the set of all private keys is denumerable, it is at least possible to create a searcheable record of all keypairs. Which, when finished, is a killer for the whole idea. Am I right or do I miss some essential part?


texts: What is required to list market data from cryptocurrency?

texts: I am trying to create a cryptocurrency market capitalization list similar to coinchangelly.com . Where could I obtain their APIs and how do I list much more coins than others?


texts: What prevent a smartphone wallet from downloading my keys

texts:
Wallet software use variant technologies to protect and hide our private keys like mnemonic or simply using the private keys.

What would prevent them from making a patch to their software that will install a keylogger, making a screenshoot, or simply going into the memory and retrieving those private informations ?


texts: I installed p2pool on my server for triple merged mining - VTC, MON, PLX. Server is running smoothly, but I don'know how to setup my addreses in miner. I have read that you can add for example MON address in password field, but what if you mining more than two coins, where put the addresses?


texts: BIP-32 - how can parent extended public key exposed parent extended private key?

texts:
The below is the snippet from bip-32. I do not understand under what circumstance would 'parent extended public key' be exposed? In the case of e-commerce a 'child extended public key' is derived from 'parent extended public key'. The e-commerce website only needs to know 'child extended public key' to derive public key/addresses. In such case, will knowing 'child extended public key' expose 'parent extended private key'?

"One weakness that may not be immediately obvious, is that knowledge of a parent extended public key plus any non-hardened private key descending from it is equivalent to knowing the parent extended private key (and thus every private and public key descending from it)."

Example of code snippet in Javascript

function testXPub() {
 const mnemonic = 'ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd'
 const seed = bip39.mnemonicToSeed(mnemonic)
 const node = bip32.fromSeed(seed)
 const xpubNode = node.neutered()
 console.log("xpubNode :%o", xpubNode)
 console.log("xpubNode (string): %o", xpubNode.toBase58())

 const xpub_m_0_node = xpubNode.derive(0)
 console.log("xpub_m_0_node :%o", xpub_m_0_node)
 console.log("xpubNode (string): %o", xpub_m_0_node.toBase58())
 const xpub_m_0_0_node = xpubNode.derive(0).derive(0)
 console.log("xpub_m_0_0_node :%o", xpub_m_0_0_node)
 console.log("xpubNode (string): %o", xpub_m_0_0_node.toBase58())
}

So instead of sharing xpubNode, i would share xpub_m_0_0_node.


texts:
why sometimes block has 16 transactions and sometimes over 2000?
I checked it on https://blockexplorer.com/blocks.
Thank you


texts: asic mining with different cryptocurrencies after it is no longer profitable

texts: If I have an Asic to mine bitcoin and I mine to the point that it no longer becomes profitable to mine them anymore, Can I use the Asic to mine a different cryptocurrency and will the difficulty needed to mine it be higher than if I just bought a new Asic?


texts: When bitcoin forks, how do they decide which fork gets the original name?

texts:
Bitcoin has had a number of forks over the years. The biggest one was Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash.
Bitcoin seems to have won out in this fork, and is much more popular than Bitcoin Cash.
However, how was this naming scheme agreed? Why did Bitcoin end up still allowed to be called Bitcoin, whereas Bitcoin Cash needed a new name?
Arguably the fork that had the original name had a much bigger advantage in "winning out" over the one with the new name.
For example, Ethereum also had a fork and it was the original Ethereum that needed a new name (Ethereum Classic) and in that case, the new Ethereum (the fork we know now) was the one that won out.


texts: Transfer bitcoins from Coinbase account to an offline Script/Paper

texts: How would I go about transferring some of my bitcoins from my Coinbase account to a physical paper script or paper form? Also, am I limited as to how many bitcoins I can transfer to one set of keys "public/private"? Are there paper bills already made to where there is a public key as to where the private key are covered and are they considered safe? I know I asked quite a bit and do appreciate any and all information available.


texts: Can I download blockchain updates from somewhere?

texts:
I use Bitcoin only on rare occasions - say once every month. I want to avoid long waiting times for downloading and verifying blocks that consequently await me when I reopen bitcoin-qt. There are many options available for downloading the whole block chain when one starts out (like the blockchain torrent or the blockchain on Sourceforge). However, these options are full of warnings that tell you they should NOT be used when updating the block chain on an existing wallet but rather only when installing from scratch.

Are there similar ways of more quickly updating the blockchain by downloading recent blocks from some other source?

Note: I am not looking for other clients, but specifically for alternative blockchain download options for bitcoin-qt.


texts: How does lnd make sure it does not reuse the same route twice for a retry after the first payment failed?

texts:
Suppose LND node A wants to send a payment to another node D. The pathfind algorithm based on Dijkstra found a route through B and C and initiates the payment. It fails, as B -> C does not have sufficient balance/bandwidth.

Will LND just fail the payment or try another time with a different route? How does it remember the failed route?

Follow-up question: Can node A figure out, which edge failed?

Edit:
To be more clear, in my example, all channels have 0.5BTC as capacity, and all of them have an equal balance distribution of this capacity (0.25, 0.25), except for B -> C, which has (0, 0.5), so B currently cannot send any payments to C.

The balance state (here: (0, 0.5)) is private, but the capacity of all channels is public.

As the routing computation is done in A (source routing), the algorithm initially has no knowledge of the balances. If A just wants to send 0.001BTC, the routing algorithm will find the route, but it cannot reach the target.


texts: How to calculate bitcoin days destroyed percentage

texts:
I understand the concept of bitcoin days destroyed but on the wiki

https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Bitcoin_Days_Destroyed

And the site calculating it

http://abe.bitcoinstats.org:2750/

They give a percentage which is the coin days vs block number. Can someone run me through this calculation.

Block  | Age (days) | Coins Created | Avg Coin Age | %CoinDD
210842 | 1430.57    | 10521062.02   | 420.84       | 37.2271%

This was a recent sample from abe and I can't arrive at 37.2271%


texts: In a private blockchain network, can we delete the first N blocks and reassign the N+1th block as the genesis block?

texts: I am aware of the data loss caused by deleting the first N blocks. But I am curious to know whether such a task is possible or not. If so, how to practically implement it?


texts: Why not connect to all (huge amount of) nodes?

texts: If you mine, a good network propagation time is important in case of mining-forks. I read that bitcoin only connects to 8 nodes. I would connect to many nodes as I can support to minimize my block propagation time?


texts: I have heard about output descriptors or wallet descriptors. It is not clear to me what they are. What do they allow me to do? How does that improve my experience using Bitcoin?


texts: How to obtain trades from the websocket transaction feed?

texts:
I am having a hard time figuring out how to extract trade information (i.e. a payment relative to an offer) from the Ripple websocket transaction feed.

From my current understanding, I guess there would be a way to match a payment to an offer, or maybe to know that an offer has been cancelled because it has been successful. This would probably work.

But I can't see a way to achieve any of this currently.


texts: Which wallet libraries officially intend to use Bech32 addresses, and will the addresses generated by them be compatible?

texts:
I use several bitcoin wallets, and I would like to try Bech32 addresses when they come out.

I initially thought to make a GitHub issue for Greenbits, but it seemed more appropriate to just ask such a specific question here:

https://github.com/greenaddress/GreenBits/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=bech32&type=

Everyone's favorite search engine is not exactly forthcoming for this:

https://duckduckgo.com/?q=which+bitcoin+wallets+will+support+bech+32+addresses&t=ha&ia=web

If the answer is "none yet", that's fine, but I'd love to know.


texts: Blockchain download extremely slow at 200 blocks per hour

texts:
I am running bitcoind and the blockchain download is very slow at 200 blocks per hour.

I am  at 225146 and at the current speed, it would take bitcoind a month to catch up.

Here is my output from bitcoind getinfo

{
"version" : 32400,
"balance" : 0.00000000,
"blocks" : 225305,
"connections" : 5,
"proxy" : "",
"generate" : false,
"genproclimit" : -1,
"difficulty" : 4367876.00084220,
"hashespersec" : 0,
"testnet" : false,
"keypoololdest" : 1378312057,
"paytxfee" : 0.00000000,
"errors" : ""
}

CPU usage is at 10 Percent and I am using 50% of memory.

Any ideas why the download is so slow?


texts: Doest 'coinbasevalue' in GBT call include fees, or just the total block value?

texts: BIP 22 doesn't seem to specify... Pretty important if you're building a coinbase by hand.


texts: Bitcoin transaction scripts : does ScriptSig or ScriptPubkey run first?

texts:
I'm confused as to the order regarding which script is run. For examples sake: say I want to spend 1 Bitcoin which was given to me by Alice in a single transaction of value 1 Bitcoin. I understand that the input to me is 1 Bitcoin and the output is 1 Bitcoin, but I am not sure about the which script runs first when i want to 'claim' this transaction

Edit: after reading the other question, I'm not sure if this is a chicken and egg kind of question. its a cycle where one runs after the other...


texts: Is it possible to have a bitcoin private key (hex) with 34 length?


texts: Are there any hardware privkey/pubkey generators out there?

texts:
I don't mean hardware wallet like Trezor but simply a device that is non-programmable, and not network connectable but will generate key pairs (+ the associated address would be handy but that could be done in software on only the pubkey without too much risk?) at the push of a button.

I'm wondering if this is one way to create a paper wallet and have it receive a number of BTC:

1.Generate a privkey/pubkey pair

2.Write the privkey down, duplicate it and store the copies safely. I guess this could potentially be split into pieces and stored in several separate places so that breach or loss of one does not give away the full privkey or lose the information needed to recreate it (like a paper RAID array implemented with three familiy members?) [and write recovery instructions in your testament]

3.Generate the bitcoin address associated with the pubkey (not so risky, afaict)

4.Receive the payment at this address

Until it comes to spending the BTC (which could be quite some time in the future) there would be no need for a software wallet, and certainly no need to use an online key generator.

In the absence of a hardware key generator I suppose downloading trusted code from sourceforge or somewhere and running it yourself on a non-networked computer is pretty much as secure?

(I realize rolling dice is fine to generate a privkey but the associated pubkey pretty much has to be done in code somewhere, no?).

Does this sound feasible?


texts: To what extent is the actual downloading of blockchain data what slows down a "fresh sync"?

texts:
I've just sat an old computer with fresh Linux Mint and Bitcoin Core installed to sync from scratch. Since its HDD is 250 GB, I had to enable "pruned mode" since the blockchain is currently 367.2 GB.
Having not synced from scratch since 2013, it feels like this will take an eternity.
Why exactly is it so slow? If I were to download 367.2 GB, yeah, it would take some time, but over Bit Torrent, with tons of seeders (as would be the case for something this popular), it would probably max out my hardware, meaning 10 MB/s (100 Mb/s), and then those many GBs don't seem so large anymore.
But I also realize that it's not just about downloading the data, but about verifying it. This, as I understand it, takes a lot of CPU and I/O power (possibly also RAM). Is this what primarily is slowing down a fresh sync, or is the actual "data distribution" part just sub-optimally optimized?
I realize that the answer, whatever it will be, will not help me download it faster, but still, I have to satisfy my curiosity. The progress indicator says "1%" currently.
I vaguely recall people talking about separately downloading the blockchain and then "feeding" it to Bitcoin Core, but that seems like more work than it'll probably be worth with all the presumed hassle it would entail... And it just goes back to my question: why is the downloading of the data not super fast? Or maybe it is? I frankly have no clue what goes on inside my network cables.


texts: Was bitcoin peer to peer network affected because of the recent BGP hijack incident?

texts:
Can someone ELI5 BGP hijacking, impact on Bitcoin, countermeasures and if there were any issues because of the recent incident?
Related links: https://twitter.com/ProtonMail/status/1311013829514539011
https://twitter.com/troyhunt/status/1311792730046033920
https://hackingdistributed.com/2017/05/01/bgp-attacks-on-btc/
https://www.wired.com/2014/08/isp-bitcoin-theft/
Related question: Could the BGP attack be used to split the Bitcoin network?


texts: Can you use Electrum wallets for storing Ethereum?

texts: Can Electrum wallets be used to store Ether?


texts:
I bought bitcoin from coinmama and sent it to my bitcoin core wallet, but after the syncing was done I don't see that my wallet has been credited. Has anyone else experienced this issue??

Thanks!


texts: How to generate unspendable testnet bitcoin address with python?

texts:
I'm trying to generate a testnet address. However, I tried to write this python program (using help of various online code places), and I created this program. The program is designed to take a 20 byte input and then turn that 20 bytes of data into an address by putting the version byte (6f), the meat of the data (the 20 bytes being added into the code), and the checksum. However, it didn't work.

# *-* encoding: utf-8 *-*

import hashlib, codecs, sys, base58, bytes, base64
def checksum(inPut):
# Double SHA256 to get checksum
    sha256_nbpk = hashlib.sha256(inPut.encode())
    sha256_nbpk_digest = sha256_nbpk.digest()
    sha256_2_nbpk = hashlib.sha256(sha256_nbpk_digest)
    sha256_2_nbpk_digest = sha256_2_nbpk.digest()
    sha256_2_hex = codecs.encode(sha256_2_nbpk_digest, 'hex')
    return (str(sha256_2_hex)[2:-1])[:8]

x = "6f"+"64"*20
x += checksum(x)
print(str(base58.b58encode(str(base64.b16decode(x.upper()))))[2:-1])


texts: What requirements does a router need to fulfill to support a network of 50 miners?

texts:
I am running a network with fifty miners, and I am experiencing network problems with my current router from ASUS, because its memory fills up and it requires to restart in order to work properly. I want to get a better router to fix that issue.

What should I look out for when deciding what router to buy to support a network with 50 miners?


texts: How to do sendRawTransaction to bitcoind JSON-RPC using bitcoin-core package in nodejs

texts:
I am trying to do

sendrawtransaction <transaction_hex>

from nodejs using bitcoin-core package
i did

npm install bitcoin-core --save

i already have latest bitcoind setup and running with rpcusername and rpcpassword are set in bitcoin.conf

my current code looks like this.

const Client = require('bitcoin-core');
const client = new Client({ username: 'adminuser', password : 'adminpassword'});

client.getInfo((error, help) => console.log(help));

i have managed to only get response from getInfo

everything else gives either empty output or undefined or null

so far i have tried many variations like these

tx_hex = "0200000001949e0e3ac02fef76dffa8e2191ee0041f71a90c5ec9bbcba77db5f57e49fe6dd010000006b483045022100d6ac8520a1cfe80f6f3c2fbe6c3f903894203715928382e77c3c7ad0de74112502203c14601e5195dde88c9cc16c45dc273af168bd4fd03b6c045f832b7ba0134f8c012102183e719a510ff322fcb0dbfa279ef2500dd87c0b8c6184480846262e1949fbebfeffffff028bec0900000000001976a9141b0c5cb82d59cb2e07e8d5e343167fda48a9d60e88ace2920f00000000001976a9148108670170211830be2c3c557afe6bc2205d27de88ac864a0700"

client.sendRawTransaction((tx_hex,response) => console.log(response));

client.sendRawTransaction((tx_hex) => console.log());

client.sendRawTransaction((tx_hex), function(){console.log()});

but none of the above gives confirmation, or gives proper output.

what am i missing here ?

i mean if i were to do this using bitcoin-cli on terminal it returns txhash .

e.g.

[root@localhost deploy]# bitcoin-cli sendrawtransaction 0200000001949e0e3ac02fef76dffa8e2191ee0041f71a90c5ec9bbcba77db5f57e49fe6dd010000006b483045022100d6ac8520a1cfe80f6f3c2fbe6c3f903894203715928382e77c3c7ad0de74112502203c14601e5195dde88c9cc16c45dc273af168bd4fd03b6c045f832b7ba0134f8c012102183e719a510ff322fcb0dbfa279ef2500dd87c0b8c6184480846262e1949fbebfeffffff028bec0900000000001976a9141b0c5cb82d59cb2e07e8d5e343167fda48a9d60e88ace2920f00000000001976a9148108670170211830be2c3c557afe6bc2205d27de88ac864a0700
b9ceb300bc4a94dad591d8ecca7e840e7cfafa47c029488424e07666c1e1778b

update1 :

tx_hex = "0200000001949e0e3ac02fef76dffa8e2191ee0041f71a90c5ec9bbcba77db5f57e49fe6dd010000006b483045022100d6ac8520a1cfe80f6f3c2fbe6c3f903894203715928382e77c3c7ad0de74112502203c14601e5195dde88c9cc16c45dc273af168bd4fd03b6c045f832b7ba0134f8c012102183e719a510ff322fcb0dbfa279ef2500dd87c0b8c6184480846262e1949fbebfeffffff028bec0900000000001976a9141b0c5cb82d59cb2e07e8d5e343167fda48a9d60e88ace2920f00000000001976a9148108670170211830be2c3c557afe6bc2205d27de88ac864a0700"

client.sendRawTransaction((tx_hex,response) => console.log(tx_hex + ':' + response));

returns

RpcError: -1 sendrawtransaction "hexstring" ( allowhighfees )

Submits raw transaction (serialized, hex-encoded) to local node and network.

Also see createrawtransaction and signrawtransaction calls.

Arguments:
1. "hexstring"    (string, required) The hex string of the raw transaction)
2. allowhighfees    (boolean, optional, default=false) Allow high fees

Result:
"hex"             (string) The transaction hash in hex

Examples:

Create a transaction
> bitcoin-cli createrawtransaction "[{\"txid\" : \"mytxid\",\"vout\":0}]" "{\"myaddress\":0.01}"
Sign the transaction, and get back the hex
> bitcoin-cli signrawtransaction "myhex"

Send the transaction (signed hex)
> bitcoin-cli sendrawtransaction "signedhex"

As a json rpc call
> curl --user myusername --data-binary '{"jsonrpc": "1.0", "id":"curltest", "method": "sendrawtransaction", "params": ["signedhex"] }' -H 'content-type: text/plain;' http://127.0.0.1:8332/
:undefined


texts:
I am trying to insert bitcoin transactions into MongoDB using python3. Below is my code :

import pymongo
import sys
import json
import time
from bitcoinrpc.authproxy import AuthServiceProxy, JSONRPCException

rpc_connection = AuthServiceProxy("http://xxx:xxx@ipaddress:port")

def getTransaction():
    addresses = []
    txa = []
    commands = [ [ "getblockhash", height] for height in range(400000,550000) ]
    #print(commands)

    block_hashes = rpc_connection.batch_(commands)
    blocks = rpc_connection.batch_([ [ "getblock", h ] for h in block_hashes ])
    print(blocks)
    for txpre in blocks:
        #print(txpre)
        for txs in txpre["tx"]:
            txa.append(txs)
    trans = conTransaction(txa)
    return trans

I am getting following error :

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/threading.py", line 916, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/threading.py", line 864, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "Test06.py", line 252, in getBTCTransaction
    block_hashes = rpc_connection.batch_(commands)
  File "/home/administrator/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/bitcoinrpc/authproxy.py", line 165, in batch_
    'Content-type': 'application/json'})
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1239, in request
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1285, in _send_request
    self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1234, in endheaders
    self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1065, in _send_output
    self.send(chunk)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 986, in send
    self.sock.sendall(data)
BrokenPipeError: [Errno 32] Broken pipe

I checked bitcoind  rpc connection,its connected.
   block_hashes = rpc_connection.batch_(commands) this code line is giving error. Can somebody tell me what's wrong?
Working on a remote server.


texts:
My assumption is that ASIC miners optimize for the "hashes per joule" metric, as did GPU miners over CPU miners.

It would seem that after some time, the decision to mine Bitcoins would be based on if you could source energy cheaply enough.

When do we reach that point?

I'm not a hardware guy so I'm curious to understand what the upperbound limits are of ASIC mining from a technical perspective. How much more can we optimize?

Thanks!


texts: Transferring wallet.dat from PC to Raspberry PI

texts:
I have the Stratis QT sofware running on my computer. I also have a working version of stratisd running on a raspberry pi, which I set up following this tutorial
If I try to swap my wallet.dat on my Raspberry PI for the wallet.dat I have on my PC, the program wont start. It doesn't give any error messages either. Swapping back to the old wallet.dat doesn't help either. I have to delete everything and re-compile it.
Is it even possible to access a wallet from the different devices?


texts: BTC - Block Index - Reading the flag values in Level DB

texts:
Following the article I tried reading the flag value for txindex in the Block Index database but was not able to fetch the values. I tried fetching value for all below but its NULL always. Am I doing something wrong?
    private readonly byte[] TRANSACTIONINDEX_ENABLED = new byte[] { 70, 8, 116, 120, 105, 110, 100, 101, 120, 1 }; // F8txindex
    private readonly byte[] TRANSACTIONINDEX_ENABLED1 = new byte[] { 70, 7, 116, 120, 105, 110, 100, 101, 120, 1 }; // F7txindex
    private readonly byte[] TRANSACTIONINDEX_ENABLED2 = new byte[] { 70, 7, 1, 120, 101, 100, 110, 105, 120, 116 }; // F7txindex little endian
    private readonly byte[] TRANSACTIONINDEX_ENABLED21 = new byte[] { 70, 7, 120, 101, 100, 110, 105, 120, 116, 1 }; // F7txindex little endian
    private readonly byte[] TRANSACTIONINDEX_ENABLED3 = new byte[] { 70, 8, 116, 120, 105, 110, 100, 101, 120, 1 }; // F8txindex little endian
    private readonly byte[] TRANSACTIONINDEX_ENABLED31 = new byte[] { 70, 8, 120, 101, 100, 110, 105, 120, 116, 1 }; // F8txindex little endian
    private readonly byte[] TRANSACTIONINDEX_DISABLED = new byte[] { 70, 8, 116, 120, 105, 110, 100, 101, 120, 0 }; // F8txindex
    private readonly byte[] TRANSACTIONINDEX_DISABLED1 = new byte[] { 70, 7, 116, 120, 105, 110, 100, 101, 120, 0 }; // F7txindex
    private readonly byte[] TRANSACTIONINDEX_DISABLED2 = new byte[] { 70, 7, 0, 120, 101, 100, 110, 105, 120, 116 }; // F7txindex little endian
    private readonly byte[] TRANSACTIONINDEX_DISABLED21 = new byte[] { 70, 7, 120, 101, 100, 110, 105, 120, 116, 0 }; // F7txindex little endian
    private readonly byte[] TRANSACTIONINDEX_DISABLED3 = new byte[] { 70, 8, 116, 120, 105, 110, 100, 101, 120, 0 }; // F8txindex little endian
    private readonly byte[] TRANSACTIONINDEX_DISABLED31 = new byte[] { 70, 8, 120, 101, 100, 110, 105, 120, 116, 0 }; // F8txindex little endian

Additionally, how to fetch the mapping between data fetched from block index and the bat file where details of the block are. I assumed that Block Index record will have details of the file (blk000????.dat) where to look for the block but it doesnt have anything


texts:
do you know about api requests cryptocurrency exchanges? Simple ticker request may be viewed like this: https://api.kucoin.com/v1/open/tick or like this: https://www.okex.com/api/v1/ticker.do?symbol=ltc_btc

Different: in first case we get info about all currencies in one request and then pick up certain symbols and parameters, we need. Symbols are the keys of dictionaries or lists and other params are their values.

In second case I should create new request for each currencies I considering. Is it neccesary? If I consider, for instance 60 symbols, and do operations with them in Python - programm bot become slow enough. One-two ticker requests are long about 30 sec - for compare, in first case - 5 sec.

How can I solve this problem? Thanks.


texts: Is it possible to convert Bitcoin Miner to Litecoin Miner?

texts:
I have 90Gh/s Bitcoin Miner and its almost useless for Bitcoin Mining with current difficulty. By changing the Linux software installed in it can I convert this Bitcoin Miner to Litecoin Miner? I am capable on uninstalling/flashing the current operating system and re-install a new one but I am wondering is it just software that decides to mine only Bitcoin or hardware too supports only Bitcoin Mining?

If not possible with Litecoin Miner can I use this miner for mining any other crypto-currency?


texts: Which KYC solution providers are used by Bitcoin companies?

texts: I am wondering which Know Your Client solution providers are used by Bitcoin companies?


texts: Does anyone know where I might find a tutorial on how to deploy a bitcoinj server (essentially a replica of a bitcoind server with an rpc API) on Heroku?


texts: How does the network verify previous transactions when transferring BTC between two users?

texts:
When transferring BTC between two users, the new transaction will consist of references to previous transactions.

For example, if I user A wishes to transfer 1 BTC to user B, he will need 'n' transactions totaling 1 BTC in order for the transaction to be valid.
If these 'n' transactions occur with large periods of time between them (say 1 year) and for some reason I felt the absolute necessity to verify that these 'n' transactions actually took place.

How would I find the relevant block?

Would I decrypt the block to read it? Is this ever done in actual practice and is it expensive and time consuming to do it?


texts: Is there a max number of tx outputs allowed by consensus?

texts:
It seems good for preventing an UTXO bloat by restricting max number of outputs of TX(or block) can have.
Is there such a restriction? if there is, which part of source code should I read? If not, why not?

Note: What I am asking is not about block size limit or TX size limit, I know those and how those are (implicitly) limiting the number of total outputs in TX (or block), but I think this is kinda roundabout way which limits the number outputs only loosely. Why not more direct restriction?


texts:
Referring to https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Raw_Transactions,
I`m using getrawtrasaction method call to define as much information about incoming payment transaction details as possibe. Is there any detailed information about fields that are returned by getrawtransaction method?
For example what means "vout" field? How can be useful "scriptSig" field that consists of "asm" and "hex"?


texts: Upper bound on transaction confirmation time

texts:
Today I saw a case where a transaction had a very low fee, so it got stuck in the mempool for days. The original wallet refused to allow a new transaction to be created with the same input, and in a case of mempool getting empty again, someone could rebroadcast that transaction and it would be accepted again.

So, the question: with current Script language, is it possible to create a transaction that becomes invalid if not included in a block before a certain time (or before a certain block height)? If so, how many bytes it would take up?

Such a transaction would be broadcast by common nodes, or they expect a certain specific signature format?


texts: Does the value of my Bitcoin fluctuate automatically?

texts: If you own a small amount of Bitcoin (say,$10) does one have to "invest" it somewhere for it's value to change or will the $10 fluctuate by just sitting in one's wallet and one can see the value fluctuate by checking the wallet from time to time?


texts: Tracing bitcoin cash address to bitcoin address

texts:
Given a bitcoin cash address that inherited deposit from main bitcoin ,
Is it possible to trace the bitcoin cash address back to bitcoin address ?


texts: Could increasing Block size solve the "End of mining" issue

texts:
Disclaimer: I am new to this forum and Bitcoin/cryptocurrency in general.

After all 21 million bitcoins are released into circulation, it seems that the incentive to mine is gone unless transaction fees are used. But if transaction fees are too high the incentive to use Bitcoin is reduced.

If the block size is increased the total number of transactions per block would increase, which results in more total reward for that block. This would also allow individual transaction fees to be quite low.

So, is this a feasible way to solve the "End of mining" problem?


texts: What products, deals or other incentives are available exclusively to those paying with Bitcoin?

texts:
Occasionally I'll see an offer that is available only to those who pay with Bitcoin.

What products are sold in which no other payment method is offered, or other offer extended only to those paying with bitcoins?


texts: Transaction fees for smaller transactions

texts:
Thinking about the potential problems with Bitcoin, I am doing a thought experiment.  Suppose that Bitcoin is successful in replacing gold.  The market cap of gold is $9.6 trillion (10^12).  At that level, each bitcoin would be worth $400,000.  In such a world, let's suppose that people were making $40 transactions to buy things.  Then the average transaction would be  0.0001 bitcoins.  Assuming a reasonable transaction fee of 1%, this would imply that transaction fees should be 1 micro bit-coin in such a world.

Bitcoin-qt would clearly need to adapt to this.   Some miners (payment processors) could offer different terms,  and users could choose these payment processors with the addnode option in bitcoind.

I just wanted to get some feedback on how transaction fees are going to adapt to a higher marketcap.

Kind Regards,
  Harold Naparst


texts:
I want to set up a website that needs an online bitcoin wallet (able to deposit and withdraw at any time). Would it be better to use the blockchain.info's infrastructure through API commands or should I set up bitcoind on my own server?

The problem with using blockchain.info's API is that I can't use commands (such as withdrawing) while having 2FA enabled or other security measures (please correct me if Im wrong).

How can I make the website as safe as possible with blockchain.info's api?

In short: I prefer not to store the private keys myself. On the other hand I also dont want to provide all credentials to blockchain.info in a file on the server that can't be encrypted.


texts: LSAT - stateless proof of payment through specific form of preimage

texts:
I am aware LSAT consists of macaroon and preimage. Preimage is part of the HTLC construction to route payments in lightning. It is generated by the receiver and eventually known by all participants on the path (if all goes well). And point of a macaroon is that anybody having one can add caveats w/o asking for permission and give out a more restricted version.
Macaroon itself is quite stateless as far as I get it (it can encode everything a client is able to do from the server perspective). But preimage doesn't seem so. How does that usually work then - you have some cache of paid invoices or need to ask LND - can you even query based on preimage to determine whether a specific LSAT is valid or not?
My idea is to use a deterministic preimage so a web server could instantly know whether a token is valid.
It would be in the form
timestamp, HMAC(timestamp, secret)

where secret is the same thing used to verify macaroons. So web server and LND would share this, but wouldn't need any further communication after initial invoice generation.
Or actually since somebody can just take preimage and attach it to some other LSAT, you could do:
timestamp, HMAC(H(timestamp + serialized macaroon w/o additional caveats), secret)

The obvious drawback is that you lose some bytes of entropy for the preimage, but that should just be a few bytes. To somebody just looking at payment hash it looks indistinguishable. And if secret is compromised you can forge invalid macaroons anyway. Is there any other problem with such a scheme? Or is there some easier solution?


texts: Bitcoin Cash: how to check address balance / transactions?

texts:
BlockExplorer (https://blockexplorer.com) provides a way to check bitcoin balances.

What is the alternative to check for transactions in Bitcoin Cash addresses?


texts: Which bitcoin miner ASIC can use without leave power on computer?

texts:
after search and read a lot of bitcoin miner posts in the web, yet I have one doubt before buy bitcoin hardware...

I have read about ASIC Hardware of ButterFly Labs, Avalon, Knc, USB Erupter and others... But anybody specify if the computer have be power on all time...

Can I use ASIC bitcoin miner without leave power on PC 24/7?

If is possible can quote some example...

Thanks!


texts: Multi GPU mining broken since upgrade to Ubuntu 14.04

texts:
This is related to scrypt mining.

I upgraded to Ubuntu 14.04 and after a bit of a hassle I have got almost everything working, except my mining. The issue seems to be a mismatch between OpenCL and ADL. I get different outputs from cgminer -n depending on if I prefix it with sudo

Without sudo:

[2014-11-11 21:03:19] CL Platform 0 vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
[2014-11-11 21:03:19] CL Platform 0 name: AMD Accelerated Parallel Processing
[2014-11-11 21:03:19] CL Platform 0 version: OpenCL 1.2 AMD-APP (1214.3)
[2014-11-11 21:03:19] Platform 0 devices: 1
[2014-11-11 21:03:19]   0   Pitcairn
[2014-11-11 21:03:19] ADL found more devices than opencl!
[2014-11-11 21:03:19] There is possibly at least one GPU that doesn't support OpenCL
[2014-11-11 21:03:19] Use the gpu map feature to reliably map OpenCL to ADL
[2014-11-11 21:03:19] WARNING: Number of OpenCL and ADL devices did not match!
[2014-11-11 21:03:19] Hardware monitoring may NOT match up with devices!
[2014-11-11 21:03:19] GPU 0 AMD Radeon R9 200 Series hardware monitoring enabled
[2014-11-11 21:03:19] 1 GPU devices max detected

With sudo:

[2014-11-11 21:03:59] CL Platform 0 vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
[2014-11-11 21:03:59] CL Platform 0 name: AMD Accelerated Parallel Processing
[2014-11-11 21:03:59] CL Platform 0 version: OpenCL 1.2 AMD-APP (1214.3)
[2014-11-11 21:03:59] Platform 0 devices: 2
[2014-11-11 21:03:59]   0   Pitcairn
[2014-11-11 21:03:59]   1   Pitcairn
[2014-11-11 21:03:59] Failed to ADL_Adapter_ID_Get. Error -1
[2014-11-11 21:03:59] Failed to ADL_Adapter_ID_Get. Error -1
[2014-11-11 21:03:59] ADL found less devices than opencl!
[2014-11-11 21:03:59] There is possibly more than one display attached to a GPU
[2014-11-11 21:03:59] Use the gpu map feature to reliably map OpenCL to ADL
[2014-11-11 21:03:59] WARNING: Number of OpenCL and ADL devices did not match!
[2014-11-11 21:03:59] Hardware monitoring may NOT match up with devices!
[2014-11-11 21:03:59] 2 GPU devices max detected

Without sudo I can mine on one GPU with hardware monitoring/overclocking.
With sudo I can mine on both GPUs without hardware monitoring.

I think the issue is something to do with **Failed to ADL_Adapter_ID_Get. Error -1 - but I have no idea how to fix it.

I have tried running aticonfig --initial with and without --adapter=all and -f. I'm at a bit of a loss. Is it possible the upgrade removed some required driver file?


texts: Is receiving address description public domain?

texts:
Exploring Electrum and see that I can add a description when generating a receiving address.
The description cannot be edited later... would you happen to know why? And is that description public domain?


texts: calculating estimated GAME Credits per day?

texts:
So i am trying to work out my estimated game credits per day.

I have the follwoing info

Difficulty 12982 (at time of testing)
Hash Rate 600MH
Block Reward 12.5 (i believe)

I have tried to calculate with the following:

$blockreward /($difficulty*2^32/$hashrate/3600/24);

The result is: 0.00048143583423201 which i know isnt right. Can somoneone point me in the right direction please?


texts:
I have a bitcoin wallet. There is not much money in it, and I do not want to run bitcoin-qt all the time.

I have a question. If I save it securely, so I can recover it at any time, but do not run it actively with bitcoin-qt, does the wallet go stale?

In other words, if, hypothetically, I have my wallet.dat safely in a file but without any software actively running it, will I be able to reinstall bitcoin-qt after an arbitrarily long period of time, read wallet.dat, and use the money stored in it?

Or will it somehow be completely out of sync?

Thanks


texts: What is the impact of Bitcoin XT fork on current Bitcoin holders?

texts: I was reading that there was disagreement on the block size limit and Bitcoin has been forked to Bitcoin XT? With two different flavors of the software running, which might result in two different longest blockchains, what is the impact on the current existing Bitcoin holders? Are they handled by Bitcoin Core or by both?


texts: How to properly combine PSBTs for CoinJoin?

texts:
I am trying to learn the workflow for manual Coinjoins using PSBTs. I was following Andy Chow's suggestions in another thread here Where he suggests:

1. Createpsbt (he suggests using walletcreatefundedpsbt)
2. Have individual users send their PSBTs to coordinator
3. Coordinator uses joinpsbts to join the separate PSBTs into one
4. Coordinator sends joined PSBT back to users to sign with walletprocesspsbt
5. Once all users have signed/processed the joined PSBT, coordinator uses combinepsbt.
6. Coordinator uses finalizepsbt and then transmits to the network using sendrawtransaction.

I am on testnet using Bitcoin Core version v0.19.0.1 (64-bit)
I'm using the console in QT
I am using multiple wallet.dat files to simulate different CoinJoin participants.
I've created 2 PSBTs from two separate wallet.dat files, and am able to join them together using joinpsbts

Once I have my joined PSBTs, I was able to sign my PSBT in each wallet, and then combine them into one PSBT using combinepsbt.

When I try to finalizepsbt, I get a return of  "complete": false
I am able to decode the PSBT and view all the correct inputs/outputs, but I must be missing a step to finalize the transaction after combining.

I believe I need to get finalizepsbt to return a value of true.

As a sidenote, if I use a single wallet.dat file, I can create multiple PSBTs, join, process, finalize, and send exactly as Andy describes. However when I try to do this in a  more-real-world-situation than "just one user combining his own PSBTs" and then try to combine the PSBTs from different wallet.dat files, then I run into problems (to me, each wallet.dat file = one separate user/Coinjoin participant).


texts: Creating secure architecture and payout process

texts:
I studied lots of valuable q&a here, but still I have some doubts.

Case - simple game (calm down - I'm not one of the rookies creating exchange as seen here), which allows to pay for a game. The character of the gameplay forces us to create virtual balance for each player and create payouts on daily basis/request.

What's done:

compiled bitcoind client is running on encrypted wallet in background
creating in advance pool of addresses
assigning free address to registered user
listen for incoming transactions/confirmations
on 6th confirmation we add transaction to user balance

Where I need guidance / pro advice:

strip my runnning bitcoind client with wallet from holding private keys (I've read about it but don't know how to achieve it properly)
many guides advice to run bitcoind client on other machine - but how to setup secure communication between two machines (vpn?), if someone gains access to game server, it doesn't matter where client is located (right?)
as private keys are stored away, how I can deal with payout requests? Are there known practices in that field? I've read https://bitcoinsecurityproject.org/SecureApplicationArchitecture/, but can't imagine real world example/process

Last but not least - if users send coins to private addresses created in one wallet, which private key should sign a transaction? As you probably see, I'm confused with some "basics" after research here :)

EDIT

I found steps to sign transaction offline (http://people.xiph.org/~greg/signdemo.txt) is it preferable way in real world apps?


texts: How does a full node benefit from receiving a block with a version number in its header?

texts:
Block headers are special because they're synced by SPV wallets. They're also part of the mining algorithm used by miners, which can enable controversial things like ASIC boost.

However, in the case of Segwit, the block version number was chosen to indicate the Segwit softfork. What was the advantage of including this value in the block header's version number field as opposed to in the coinbase transaction?

To be specific, does the Segwit soft fork affect the work done by SPV wallets or by ASICs, other than preventing ASICBoost in the latter case?

If the Segwit soft fork was put in the version number because "thats what version numbers are for" and "ASIC boost is bad", I'm okay with that being the reason. I even consider that a technical reason -- there may be a future soft fork that affects SPV wallets that those verison numbers are needed for, and putting the Segwit value in the block header helps protects those values (as opposed to sacrificing them to ASICboost). I'm just trying to understand what kind of soft forks might affect SPV wallets, or if I'm missing anything else.

I thought Segwit was about transaction ordering in the actual block, which could indicate the Merkle Root part of the header should be processed differently by full nodes. But if the full block is being received anyway, with the coinbase, why couldn't the segwit indicator just be put in the coinbase? (Aside from protecting those values)

I would just like to know whether I'm missing anything here. Other than protecting those values for future forks, does Segwit require any special consideration by SPV wallets / miners?  Is there any reason why the coinbase transaction couldn't be used for this particular soft fork other than future technical developments?


texts:
Generally,  fiat currencies have a number on them that identifies one paper note with other. Can a Bitcoin backed fiat currency be used or is in operation?

Let's say we have gold and their equivalent(approx.) as fiat currencies in the market.

So can it be possible to have a currency in offline market that correspond to bitcoins, so that bitcoins could be more effectively used?


texts:
I'm a bitcoin novice and i've read a bit about mining. It got me thinking that I could setup our office network to min bitcoin (obviously with permission)

We have a centos linux server which is on 24/7/365 and we have 6 windows 7 machines which are on 8 hours a day during a working week when staff are in working.

Is it possible to setup the linux server to mine bitcoins continuously with very low effect to the server's load and the same with all the windows 7 machines? What sort of mining software would be idea for the setup.


texts: Which serialization format the transactions use?

texts:
I'm not very familiar with low-level structures, so I would like to know if bitcoin protocol follows a standard on how a bitcoin transaction data is serialized and sent over TCP.

Does it use any of these serialization format?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_data_serialization_formats


texts: Does bitcoin qt need to synch before I can spend my change?

texts:
Sorry for the follow up question...
i was trying to transfer my btc to a new wallet (believing the original one had been compromised).
I sent 2 tiny test transfers of $1 then when they arrived in the new wallet I sent the rest of my btc.
When I check the blockchain it looks like the two $1 transfers may have generated large ‘change’ transfers.
The big transfer didn’t appear.
Does bitcoin qt need to synch with the network before it will notice the change has been received and allow the big transfer to go ahead?
It is still rebuilding the blockchain...
Thanks in advance!
P

Additional info: the big transfer has not been confirmed but it looks like my wallet has sent it. The big transfer is not on blockchain.com. Only the first 2 small ones with their paired transactions (possibly change) can be seen.

Any idea why the 3rd transfer isn’t showing up?


texts: How are transactions efficiently distributed to network nodes before inclusion within blocks?

texts:
How does the bitcoin core efficiently distribute transactions so that they are added to node transaction pools to be inserted into a future block?

I understand that each bitcoin node has a list of peers which they are in communication with.  As an originating node makes a payment, they send the payment across their peer network, which then continues the distribution process by forwarding the transactions to the peers within their peer list.

How is this process effeciently executed, such that transactions sent from one peer, sent numerous times across the network as it is distributed?  (For further clarification of the problem, see my Problem Outline below.)

In other words, how does a node resolve which peers to send new transactions to so that the transactions can be included into their local transaction pool?  If peer filtering doesn't take place, then the result would be a considerable amount of redundant, network traffic.

PROBLEM OUTLINE

Consider the following...

Distribution level #1 - Originator (A) sends a transaction to peers (B) & (C).
Distribution level #2 - Peer (B) forwards the transaction to peers (D) & (E), & peer (C) forwards the transaction to peers (F) & (G).
Distribution level #3 (Partial) - Peer (D) forwards the transaction to (C) and (G).

This is where we see the problem!  Peer (D) is completely unaware that nodes (C) and (G) have already received this transaction.  At best, (D) can only know that nodes (A)->(B)->(D) have received this transaction.  Since (D) is completely unaware of the state of the transaction in nodes (C), (E) & (F), peer (D) can potentially forward the transaction along to a high number of peers that are aware of the transaction.

Scale this to thousands of nodes and thousands of transactions and you could have a BIG problem.  How is this resolved?


texts: About wallet architecture of cryptocurrency exchanges

texts:
It is my understanding that exchanges have one "omnibus settlement wallet" or multiple wallets assigned to individual users and exchanges have control over these wallets.

Of course, if any exchange opts for the omnibus settlement wallet, it usually assigns addresses to users so that they can transfer funds in and out their "wallets", the ultimate ownership of which of course belongs to the exchange.

Are these two designs the most commonly used wallet architectures for exchanges? It would be grateful if somebody could advise me on this wallet architecture issue, preferably about what the best practice for the architecture is these days.


texts: How much of the Bitcoin Source code is untouchable? [CVE-2018–17144]

texts:
My understanding is that CVE-2018–17144 (inflation bug introduced in 0.15) was partially a result of how convoluted the original code is.

Regardless of the specific CVE-2018–17144 example, are there parts of the bitcoin source code that are 'untouchable'? How much magic is there in the source code that contributors need to just figure out exists?

If bitcoin broke, would the core team jump at the opportunity to recreate bitcoin with all the new features (mast, tap, schnorr) etc. without the 'cancerous centre'? Is describing the source code as having a cancerous centre a huge overstatement, or is it playfully accurate? Is the idea of current contributors working around the old code like walking on eggshells accurate?


texts:
I am super new and I understand none of this. I am using MacMiner (the recent version). I opened up the FPGA/ASIC Miner and I get this error when I try to run it.
    [2021-04-15 15:05:52] Timers: Using clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW)
 [2021-04-15 15:05:52] Global quota greatest common denominator set to 1
 [2021-04-15 15:05:52] setrlimit: Changed soft fd limit from 4864 to 1024 (FD_SETSIZE=1024; hard limit=unlimited)
 [2021-04-15 15:05:52] Started bfgminer 5.5.0-unknown
 [2021-04-15 15:05:52] Loaded configuration file /Users/ (I am taking this out since it is my name ) /Library/Application Support/MacMiner/bfgurls.conf
 [2021-04-15 15:05:52] DISPLAY not set, setting :0 just in case
 [2021-04-15 15:05:52] CL Platform 0 vendor: Apple
 [2021-04-15 15:05:52] CL Platform 0 name: Apple
 [2021-04-15 15:05:52] CL Platform 0 version: OpenCL 1.2 (Jan  5 2021 23:17:05)
 [2021-04-15 15:05:52] Platform 0 devices: 1
 [2021-04-15 15:05:52]  0   Intel(R) Iris(TM) Graphics 6100
 [2021-04-15 15:05:52] Unable to load ati adl library
 [2021-04-15 15:05:52] Probing for an alive pool
 [2021-04-15 15:05:52] Testing pool stratum+tcp://us-east.stratum.slushpool.com:3333
 [2021-04-15 15:05:52] HTTP request failed: Protocol "stratum+tcp" not supported or disabled in libcurl
 [2021-04-15 15:05:52] Failed to connect in json_rpc_call
 [2021-04-15 15:05:52] initiate_stratum with sockbuf=0x0

How would I fix this? I understand none of this.


texts:
What is the definition of blockchain height and how is it found/calculated.

I get the idea it is related to the SO answer by Gary Rowe, but the word "height" is not mentioned. Yet I see references to "blockchain height" in many places.


texts: What is a fee market? Does it mean that blocks should be full, esp. after several halvenings?

texts:
As we all know, Bitcoin had experienced an unprecedented long-lasting congestion period in 2017. This seems quite horrible to some people generally, but it seems that such phenomenon was on the contrary considered as a positive sign by developers, for example:

  Personally, I'm pulling out the champaign that market behaviour is indeed producing activity levels that can pay for security without inflation, and also producing fee paying backlogs needed to stabilize consensus progress as the subsidy declines.

I've heard that is about a strategy called "stable fee market"(might be inaccurate, sorry). So, I'm courious that does that mean the blocks should be kept full in order to keep Bitcoin safe? Is it merely a compensation of declining block subsidy? Is there any deeper reason behind?

Also, I wonder how could Replace-By-Fee take effects?


texts: Does bitcoin have transaction fees when sending money from on wallet to another ? How much % is the fee ?


texts:
I have been using this Clark Moody webpage to track the price of Bitcoin on MtGox. A nice animated order book is provided, along with a good chart.

Are there similar pages but for other exchanges (because MtGox...)?


texts: How do I determine each transaction fee on the blockchain?

texts: I would like to be able to see each transaction fee charged when I look at the transactions in a block.  How do I do this?


texts: What is the difference between listpeers vs listnodes commands?

texts: In c-lightning implementation, what is the difference between the listpeers and listnodes commands of lightning-cli?


texts: What are some reasons that a rational miner won't switch to P2Pool?

texts:
Besides the initial time investment of downloading & learning how to use a new tool ... what are some more reasons for a rational not to switch to P2Pool?

(Some reasons to switch is a slightly higher payoff in P2Pool due to bonus donations, and the overall contribution to a more distributed Bitcoin network).

Is running P2Pool more maintenance than using one of the larger pools? Is it more buggy, or has a lower total hashrate and thus higher variance?


texts: Premine coins from genesis block are gone after one transaction from account/wallet

texts:
Please check the whole question once before giving negative marking or Mark as duplicate of

Why can’t the genesis block coinbase be spent?

Why I cannot get transaction from genesis block [duplicate]

I am creating AltCoin from litecoin source.And using GenesisHO generating genesis block details like nonce ,genesis hash , merkle etc.

While generating genesis block I have changed the coin value parameters in genesis coin value. that is -v parameters and generated genesis hash and merkle etc.

I've done changes regarding genesis , nonce, coins for genesis block.

genesis = CreateGenesisBlock(1538404994, 2086003386, 0x1e0ffff0, 1, 50000 * COIN);

eg. I want to premine 50,000 coins in genesis block. I don't want give condition in validation.cpp like if block height 1 than reward should be 50,000.

I've generated pub key and used the same pub key while generating genesis hash.So I can use that genesis block coins by importing private key of that pub key.

After all above change in source,I've build daemon ,cli ,tx and qt from same source.

Next

From cli I have executed command(coin-cli generate 1) to generate one block so I can get genesis block coin(Yes!! initially it will be in immature state after x(which I've set to 1) amount of block it will be in mature state). And imported that private key in wallet.

Result of above :

After execution of coin-cli generate 1 genesis coins are generated.Displayed in wallet and account under account name ""

Started Mining (using cpuminer) which has another account's address. And after few blocks genesis block coins converted to mature state

  Problem/Issue

  Now when i tried to transfer from that genesis block coins its not transferring to any address.Its not displaying in qt wallet but using
  cli command its displaying balance.

So where do I need to make other changes to make that genesis coin spendable.

  Transactions details

  Balance details from qt wallet and command

For mining using cpuminer

Litecoin source : https://github.com/litecoin-project/litecoin/tree/0.14

  UPDATE

I've tried & follow steps from this answer too
After updating as per from above answer in validation.cpp here is the link of same

  Update 2

Changes mentioned in answer regarding validation.cpp & updated validation.cpp file here & same updated change mentioned below line wise

 Changes in special case for the genesis block, skipping connection of its transactions (its coinbase is unspendable)

Changes for assert(pindex->pprev);

Added WriteUndoDataForBlock method :

Change to skip writing undo data for genesis block

After updating above things it give error Segmentation fault (core dumped)

And here is debug.log details

Thanks.


texts: Which Bitcoin-powered gambling sites are "provably fair"?

texts:
Through the spread of Bitcoin for the purposes of online gambling, the concept of "provably fair" games came more into the limelight. Which of the Bitcoin-powered gambling websites are provably fair?

For clarity's sake, a provably fair game is a game that uses cryptographic algorithms to ensure their players that the game host or other players did not temper with the outcome of the game after it has begun.


texts: Why aren't block hashes used directly as scores for difficulty purposes?

texts:
Why does Bitcoin apply a difficulty function to block hashes and then use the output of this function to add up and determine the "longest" chain?

Why not just e.g. add together all block hashes (as bigints) and consider the longest chain to be the one with the biggest or smallest sum?

Is there some mathematical reason for this or is it just a performance optimization or a way of avoiding excessive dependence on big integer arithmetic?


texts: Dogecoin daemon (dogecoind) not responding to RPC requests

texts:
I have the dogecoin daemon running successfully on Ubuntu, started with this command:

dogecoind -daemon

It's listening on port 22556, as verified by netstat.

I can also pass commands to it directly via the Ubuntu terminal, like so:

dogecoind getinfo

However, passing RPC requests to it through HTTP does not work.  The daemon doesn't refuse the connection (and I can verify that it does refuse the connection if I use a port other than 22556); instead, the connection hangs, with no data being sent to the client making the HTTP request.  Directly connecting to

http://a:b@127.0.0.1:22556/

makes the web browser sit and wait for data.  Similarly, making an RPC request via a PHP script, and then accessing that script in a browser, makes the browser wait for 30 second before PHP spits out an error stating that the maximum execution time of 30 seconds was exceeded.

I have my ~/.dogecoin/dogecoin.conf file as such:

server=1
rpcuser=a
rpcpassword=b

(I know the username and password I typed there are insecure; those are temporary until I can at least make a connection.)

I've tried adding the line

rpcallowip=127.0.0.1

to the end of the config file, but that didn't change the behavior at all.

What am I doing wrong -- why isn't my Dogecoin daemon accepting RPC requests (or any from-an-actual-browser HTTP requests, for that matter)?

edit: Also, I can verify that the daemon is caught up with the blockchain.


texts: If Bitcoin is ratified as a currency would its code be BTC?

texts:
At present it seems that the de facto code for bitcoins seems to be BTC. There has been some discussion of this over on the forums and an entry on Wikipedia, but I thought I'd ask the question here to arrive at an easily recognised community answer.

So, if bitcoins ever became ratified as a currency under ISO 4217 (paywall, PDF) would it be given the code BTC? If not, then what other serious contenders are there?


texts: Importing a bunch of btc private keys into bitcoin core, then monitoring and sweeping them all to another address?

texts:
I'm trying to build a service where I import a bunch of pirvate keys into bitcoin core or some other software if you recommend a better solution. Once the private keys are imported, I want to monitor these addresses and if anything is positive have it send it to another wallet address I own.

The solution I came up with was import the private keys with importprivkey api call, but does this take multiple private keys or do I have to loop through them?

Once I import these private keys into my wallet. I want to be able to detect if one of the following occurs:

if the entire wallet balance is greater than .001
or if 1 hour passes

Then, send all coins in the wallet to another address. My questions are:

Is there a service to monitor the bitcoin balance, or do I just have to make a cron job to query it every second?
When using sendtoaddress api call, do I have to specify a change address?
How do other people usually solve this problem?


texts:
Can i compose a multisig address where one of the signatories is a multisig address?
In order to create a multisig address we need the pubkey of the signatories.

bitcoincli addmultisigaddress 2
'["pubkey1", "pubkey2",..."pubkey(n)"]'

Is anything stopping me from using a multisig address as one of the signatories?

Essentially: can one of the signatories be a multisig address (one that currently starts with a 3).


texts: How to monitor hash rate over time to diagnose issues

texts:
Running a Scrypt mining rig using GPUs.

Want to know if there's a way to monitor your hash rate over time.

Pool stats arent that reliable from what I understand.

CG Watcher, does a decent job, but its chart is limited in range.

Any other software of pool that would offer more data / reporting ?


texts: Wallet suddenly shows transactions from someone else

texts:
I restored a wallet recently that I have not used in years. Back then, it was only Bitcoin, but at some point Ethereum was added. So now I see all my Bitcoin tx, but on top of that the Ethereum part of the wallet (which I never used) shows transactions that someone else must have performed.
Any idea what's happened there?


texts: Is there an API that accepts a transaction id/hash as an input, and returns all inputs and outputs for that transaction?

texts:
I'm looking for an API that accepts a tx id/hash as an input and returns all the inputs and outputs associated with that transaction hash. For example, the transaction described at https://www.blockchain.com/btc/tx/11311eabb41b46006c71b08df7a5261bcd9a96393713c3608cea1712296d20a7 has 1 input and 2 outputs. It would be also be useful to get the number of confirmations if possible. Is there any such API? I've seen several APIs that allow users to lookup the latest transactions by BTC address, but nothing that's quite like what I'm looking for. Is there anything out there, or some other way I can accomplish this?
My goal with this is to be able to associate a TXID with an address that is receiving from that transaction (i.e., the inputs are less important than outputs).


texts: How can I recover a blockchain.info wallet without the wallet identifier or the mnemonic?

texts:
My son made both of us each our own bitcoin wallet, and showed me how to use the faucets. With me being disabled and sometimes not being able to get out of bed because of pain; He thought it would give me something to do while he was at school all day.

So, I played with 3 or 4 of the faucets last week and at least 2 of them said they paid out Sat/Sun as long as you have at least 5500 Satoshi in their account, which I did.

So, I  wanted to see how much was in my wallet (and if the faucets actually paid out like they say they do) after the weekend. I went to Blockchain.info (where my son said he went to make/get the wallets) and tried to login. It has a place that asks for "Identifier" and in the box it says Identifier or Alias. Now I have he long Alphanumerical "number" which I am not sure whether that is an address or Identifier or what, but I tried putting that in the box and it says "Unknown Wallet identifier. Please check you entered it correctly" I know I entered it correctly bc I copied and pasted it the last time to make sure.

I know that on the other wallet (the one I an NOT using) my son remembered to write some sort of mnemonic device that is supposed to be for recovering the wallet if you lose the long string of letters and numbers? (I think) but not for this one. I do know the email address and password used to create the wallet, but it doesn't ask for either of those.

Also, I read through a few not so similar Questions and answers where they spoke of downloading the wallet, which I know for sure we DID NOT do. Is this something you have to do?

I can type the long alphanumerical number into the main page and see there has been 2 deposits totaling 0.00033813 BTC, so I know it's there. But, I don't know what I am doing wrong.

Please, someone tell me how to access my wallet and what I am doing wrong.

THANK YOU.


texts: How do I get network propagation of an unconfirmed transaction? (e.g. the number of nodes which have seen it)

texts:
I am running a business in which I receive ~10$ transactions. since the amount is too small I believe I will be safe just verifying the transaction has properly propagated through network and includes a proper fee.

My problem is how do I get network propagation of my transactions? (e.g. the number of nodes which have seen it)