texts: At what market cap will bitcoin be worth "cracking"?

texts:
This is the doomsday scenario: bitcoin's market cap goes into the trillions of dollars and the cost/benefit ratio of cracking the encryption algorithm tips so that it becomes attractive to throw massive computing resources at a hitherto-impossible scale at the problem.

The same encryption secures the websites of the world, so there is currently a pretty good reason for "cracking" pools to form. But there is insufficient centralization of value, plus human intervention, to prevent the full scenario to unfold - the web would be shut down before all accounts everywhere were drained. These two factors are largely absent with bitcoin.

A round number, within a few trillion dollars, will be sufficiently precise. If there are too many variables, or you have no idea, then please feel free to just make up a number!


texts: Transfer btc from offline wallet bitcoin core to bank account

texts: What are there the ways to legal transfer money from offline bitcoin core wallet to my bank account, if i have more than 100 btc?


texts: I cannot locate which bit coin wallet my funds have gone to

texts:
I sent bit coin from 2 external accounts to the same bit coin wallet which were completed on the 4th March 2021. My problem is that I do not know which wallets they have gone to. I cannot find these funds. Please can you help me.
I have the Blockchain report of the transaction but cannot analyse it apart from the bit coin address. One transaction has gone to BTH and other to BTC and one spent next to it and the other does not. What does all this mean and can I find my wallet name from this report or can go to a site like bit address but again I have NO experience in any of this. Please can someone help.
Billy


texts:
I sent a payment from Coinbase to someone and they see the transaction but the funds are not depositing into there wallet it has been 4 days.  What is going on please help?

Hash
3e94ad695a30a94ab38f66ccb4bbc1b7fc70d9990ed6b6881d923af87cba8b96


texts: Should an end-user download the whole blockchain? Or is a “lightweight” client sufficient?

texts:
The average user normally doesn’t want to host a 3+GB file on his machine and wait for hours for it to download.

What are the security risks of running a lightweight client? And how does this affect my daily transactions?
What features does a “full” client offer a “lightweight” does not?


texts: Is it legal to start a Litecoin mining pool in the US?

texts: My question is this: Given all the regulations in the USA, is it legal for me to start my own litecoin mining pool here in the US?


texts: How to get history trades of last 10 days from Bittrex using Bittrex API?

texts: I want to know how to programmatically get history of trades for period - last 10 days from Bittrex? I saw bittrex API, but using function getmarkethistory I can get only last 200 trades items. But I need to calculate volume buy and volume sell separately for last 10 days and I can't find functions in bittrex API that can help me do this. I saw coinmarketcap.com and bitcoinwisdom API, but I didn't find any solution for this task. Can anybody help me? Thanks.


texts: How to verify the signature of a raw transaction

texts:
I know there are many tools to check an ecdsa signature of a bitcoin transaction and I understand the ecdsa algorithm. It takes three inputs, a hash of the transaction, the digital signature and the public key of the sender.

In a raw transaction such as this one:
http://blockexplorer.com/rawtx/9b4912711de5e258a74a529227f43647bc3b2304212fb508c5f8e910d5986270

I know the signature is the first line of the Scriptsig and the public key is the second and I assumed that the hash of the transaction is the first line on the page (also in the URL) but they don't validade and I've tried a handful of transactions from blockexplorer.

My question is, what do I take as the first variable to validate a transaction in that form?


texts:
isup.me is a cool page that checks whether another page is "down for everyone, or just me". Today I found my access to https://ripple.com/client/ and https://ripple.com/graph/ didn't work at all, due to "network errors".

Ripple is p2p, so theoretically it should always be up ... however it's a young project so there might be bugs, and the server code isn't yet open sourced. What's a good way to verify the Ripple network is up, or rather "is Ripple down for everyone, or just me"?


texts: Working with Bitcoin node on Windows as a developer?

texts:
I'm a web developer looking to integrate a Bitcoin node into a PHP application and I am unsure how I would go about interacting with the Bitcoin core in a developer environment for my machine.
My goal is to pull transaction history on a particular address without using any 3rd party APIs and as such I need to use some sort of Bitcoin interface to do that.
I believe that I need to use the Bitcoin daemon in some sort of manner however I do not know how to use it on my current PC as It is a Windows 10 machine.
Any advice would be greatly appreciated.


texts: why verification of transaction after proof of work?

texts:
I have question about bitcoin protocol. In Satoshi's paper it is mentioned that:

New transactions are broadcast to all nodes.
Each node collects new transactions into a block.
Each node works on finding a difficult proof-of-work for its block.
When a node finds a proof-of-work, it broadcasts the block to all nodes.
Nodes accept the block only if all transactions in it are valid and not already spent.
Nodes express their acceptance of the block by working on creating the next block in the chain, using the hash of the accepted block as the previous hash.

My question is, in step 5 nodes accepts the transactions if they are valid, so if a transaction is detected as "not valid" by a node after proof of work (i.e. step 4) it will not be accepted. I think if it is true, the power that is used for proof of work is wasted and it is not acceptable. I wanted to know am I understand this process well and is my assumption correct?

I will appreciate any guide and help.

Thank you


texts:
According to section 7 of the original bitcoin spec. by Satoshi:

  Once the latest transaction in a coin is buried under enough blocks,
  the spent transactions before it can be discarded to save disk space.

In order to get the bitcoin-qt client running, I am currently downloading the ENTIRE block chain from the https://bitcoin.org/bin/blockchain/bootstrap.dat.torrent

Is there a smaller download somewhere? My google skills are failing me, plz help.


texts:
Is it me or does anyone find references to developing Omnicore USDT wallet REST APIs really hard to get?

I'm looking to develop 5 standalone APIs which are:
 1. POST: Send Transaction (signs and return tx hash)
 2. GET: Check Balance
 3. GET: Generate USDT Address & Private Key
 4. GET: Get Tx Hash Details
 5. GET: Get Address Transaction History (array object)

Any procedure to setting up node on AWS to developing the API in NodeJS and connecting NodeJS App with the node is much appreciated!


texts: Lost bitcoins on smartphone after resetting it, although I backed it up before

texts: I lost my bitcoins after resetting my android smartphone. Is it possible to get hold of my lost bitcoins?? I did back up my smartphone before I reset it. So after I reset the phone all my apps were there including the bitcoin wallet( by Bitcoin Wallet Developers), although the wallet was now empty.  Can someone please help me with this?


texts: Main chain BTC can handle something about 300k tx per day without increasing fees, open and closing channels need to be done using standard tx on main chain. So the question is if we will have large world adoption, can LN can produce 300k tx per day (sum of opening and closing txs)?


texts: I cannot send btc before my last transaction get confirmed

texts:
I store all of my btc in one address (say from_address), and when I want to send any btc to any address (say to_address) I get a transaction like this:

INPUTS: from_address
OUTPUTS: to_address and from_address

See and example here: https://blockchain.info/tx/e0bcd29288deae6611337c75b8236a548926887796501486ffa3c486707d28c6

Now, I cannot send any BTC before this transaction is confirmed! and says "Insufficient Funds Available" (as I have all of my BTC in my from_address and it is unconfirmed!!)

Is there any tip to send BTC except this?


texts: What hash rate can a Raspberry Pi achieve? Can the GPU be used?

texts:
A Raspberry Pi is a credit card sized $25 (or $45, for the deluxe option) computer, designed for educational use. Has anyone tried running mining software on it? If so, what's the hashrate like? (apparently the CPU is approximately equivalent to a P2 300MHz - I know the hashrate will be very low!)
Also, can the GPU be used to mine? What's the hashrate for that, if it's been done.
From the FAQ on the above linked site: "The GPU provides Open GL ES 2.0, hardware-accelerated OpenVG, and 1080p30 H.264 high-profile decode.
The GPU is capable of 1Gpixel/s, 1.5Gtexel/s or 24 GFLOPs of general purpose compute and features a bunch of texture filtering and DMA infrastructure.
That is, graphics capabilities are roughly equivalent to Xbox 1 level of performance. Overall real world performance is something like a 300MHz Pentium 2, only with much, much swankier graphics."
Note: The price of $25 or $45 excludes a way of powering it (via MicroUSB), a keyboard, a mouse and likely a USB hub. I think you need to provide an SD card too.


texts: Join a pool or create my own pool with my 500 PCs?

texts:
I'm an internet provider for a village that doesn't have access to internet except through my service.

I thought about using my customers' PCs for mining and splitting the profits between us.

Each computer will vary from 50-100kh/s. So it will lead to more than 25000khs/s if combined in a pool mining.

Should I set up each computer to do SOLO mining, then each one sends me the blocks it mined, and I exchange them to USD and split the profits?

OR

Should I join a mining pool ex. http://www.wemineltc.com/ and add the computers as workers under my account name?

OR

Should I create my own pool and make them search together to find the blocks and have the blocks go directly to me?

If the 3rd option is the best, are there any simple tutorials on how to do it with the GUIminer Scrypt Alpha (so that the users don't have to be confused with the command lines stuff, and to make it automated with Windows startup)?


texts: Can I find miner's payoff record in the Block Chain?

texts:
To my understanding after researching on the infrastructure of Bitcoin, the block chain maintains transaction records between two parties represented by their public keys. At the same time, the Bitcoin system needs miners to verify the blocks in order to maintain the system. Then my questions go as following:

How are miners identified for a given block? And, how is this piece of information in the block chain?
Is "coinbase transaction" stored as part of a block, and thus records the gross reward for mining such block? Or, what element/record within a block is recording the amount of "reward"?
In addition to this part of "reward" issued by the system, miners can also collect transactions fees (light reference). Please correct me if I am wrong: transaction fees are free-floating voluntary residuals from normal transactions, to be collected solely by the miner who consolidated the block. Then, how are transaction fees "paid" to the miner? It seems that there needs to be another entry of record nested within in the block denoting the amount the miner has declared. How may I identify this record?


texts: Is it actually possible to create a "verifiably unspendable" address?

texts:
The Bitcoin.it wiki article about proof of burn mentions "verifiably unspendable addres" and this method has been used by Counterparty to create XCP.

Is it actually possible to create an address that is "verifiably unspendable"? If yes, how? Or does "verifiable" just mean extremely hard, the way it is extremely hard to find a private key for any public key?

Or in other words: Are there valid Bitcoin addresses for which it's possible to mathematically prove that there is no private key?


texts: How many times has the dust limit and minRelayTxFee changed?

texts:
I understand that there's no minimum tx fee or minimum tx output amount in the consensus rules. However, the default minimum values for a transaction to be considered 'Standard' in Bitcoin Core have changed over time.

Is there any record of what these minimum values were (for output value and tx fee) in previous versions of Bitcoin Core without having to dig through the code?

Related to that, what's the best way to find out about possible changes that may be made to these values in the future?


texts: BitPay / Copay's Weird Bitcoin Cash Address Format

texts: My CoPay wallet shows my Bitcoin Cash address as CTGUTUgVAwHugpf4CyyjAvj8DCFkE4tpEq. What's going on? I thought both Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash addresses start with 1 or 3?


texts: Is it safe to use a second-hand Trezor (like from ebay)?

texts:
I just got a good price from eBay on a supposedly never-used Trezor hardware wallet.  I have no specific reason to think this would be dangerous to use, but I'm being cautious and ask here first:

Are there any reasons why it would be unsafe to use a second-hand Trezor to store my BTC?
Is there any way the previous owner could retain access to it and get at my coins?
Any other risks to a used hardware wallet I should be aware of?


texts: PHP: is there a way to convert a private ECDSA key to its corresponding public key?

texts:
As described here (https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Technical_background_of_version_1_Bitcoin_addresses) I am trying to convert a private ECDSA key to its corresponding public key. (See step1 and step2).

I think I need some code which multiplies some coordinates on the elliptic curve. But I dont know how. Can someone help me, please?

// Unfortunately, this answer doesn't help me enough since I don't understand how to use the code. Can someone clearify that or give alternative solutions? Thanks


texts: Do you start from the LAST NONCE to find the correct HASH to solve Hash Puzzle in Bitcoin Mining?

texts:
I'm reading the example of the simple proof of work algorithm from here: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/mastering-bitcoin/9781491902639/ch08.html#pow_example_outputs

In that example, the nonce always starts from ZERO and incrementally going to the max_nonce:

for nonce in xrange(max_nonce):
    hash_result = hashlib.sha256(str(header)+str(nonce)).hexdigest()

    # check if this is a valid result, below the target
    if long(hash_result, 16) < target:
        print "Success with nonce %d" % nonce
        print "Hash is %s" % hash_result
        return (hash_result,nonce)

In the real world of bitcoin mining, do you always start from the LAST NONCE and incrementally go up to find the correct HASH?

Because I don't see it makes sense if you start from ZERO again to solve the next math puzzle


texts:
I am interested in developing a crypto-currency (who isn't), but I have no interest in the blockchain mining aspect of it. I want to program one that emits the coins when someone has performed some verified work in the real world.

So, does that still require the use of blockchain?


texts: double spend attack: Is this actually true for the more time progress the higher the probability of success for attacker

texts:
I'm new here.
I have  a question here. Some experts keep saying that this assumption isn't formally correct and I don't really understand why or why they might be wrong.

In the double spend attack; you have attacking network and honest network.
Total Hash rate is split between those.

some experts keep saying that time is not a factor in determining how fast you can generate blocks. That's something I don't really get.

So, is it incorrect to say that the probability of success of the attacker
increases with the time T it takes to generate z transactions since they have more time to secretly mine their alternate blockchain ?

update:
@G. Maxwell. I am not sure what i am asking for exactly. So let me try this.

Perhaps I am asking whether the assumption that the time to mine blocks is memoryless ? And how this clashes, if it does, with the proposition that the probability of success an attacker increases with time T it takes to mine the z transactions since they have more time to secretly mine their alternate blockchain.
I am not assuming any other external attacks other than mere hashpower.


texts:
I recently converted from Chakra Linux to Opensuse 13.1 without formatting the home partition (I took a chance) and didn't have to do the usual reloading of email, documents and bitcoin started working straight away after I installed it from opensuse repo. Chakra installation had bitcoin-qt 0.8.6 and opensuse loaded bitcoin-qt 0.9.1. So, basically, it found the files in the home partition and seemed to carry on from there. I do have a backup from before the conversion. Bitcoin 0.9.1 did add a quite a few blocks before the error. So, maybe it wasn't the transition to opensuse that did it.
Now the wallet is six days behind. Here is quote from debug.log. It is 'catching up' from block 297123.

2014-04-23 20:59:35 ProcessBlock: ACCEPTED
2014-04-23 20:59:45 UpdateTip: new >best=000000000000000087be011f611f80fd4d3d917780a27850fb878512f492f828  >height=297123  log2_work=78.143683  tx=37308919  date=2014-04-22 09:43:51 >progress=0.993196
2014-04-23 20:59:45 ProcessBlock: ACCEPTED
2014-04-23 20:59:56 ERROR: CScriptCheck() : >447f1be22db9cca6b7539a66b54f99ea11c1c0316a72915d34d8a1c86d00ebcf >VerifySignature failed
2014-04-23 21:00:03 EnvShutdown exception: Invalid argument (22)
2014-04-23 21:21:02 CheckForkWarningConditions: Warning: Large valid fork found
forking the chain at height 297123 >(000000000000000087be011f611f80fd4d3d917780a27850fb878512f492f828)
lasting to height 297131 >(00000000000000004866bff18fa3e4378486920d6b9dc7f332f9f0bc18bd247e).
Chain state database corruption likely.

Any suggestions on how I should proceed?


texts: (Reference request) Is there a better (but also fully technical) source to read how exactly SegWit works other than the official BIP141 document?

texts:
I'm slowly making my way through https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0141.mediawiki and while it seems that with more time I should be able to understand it properly, it's going rather slowly and I feel like it'd be much more efficient to have a source that would explain this somewhat better, perhaps by elaborating more on why it's done exactly this way, with more examples etc.

But also everything else that I've found is just far from technical enough. Any good references you could recommend?


texts: What if the execution time for an alt coin script exceeds the block time?

texts:
I don't know when and how often a script is executed, but it seems to me that there would be a problem if a single script (or a sum of all scripts in a block) exceeds the time it takes to be included in a block.

Given that the trend in alt coins is to decrease the block time duration,  I think this could become an issue or race condition where the TX never gets included in a block.

Considering that as the various alt coin block sizes grow ... Perhaps larger than 1mb, this risk would grow as well, given the higher quantity of transactions.

So my question is:

When are transaction scripts evaluated (or not )?

I heard that certain old TX scripts aren't validated during the initial sync to speed up the process, so perhaps there are other times that a TX isn't executed. (Perhaps it's an unknown script.)

What role does CPU load have on the network and the risk of a fork?

Perhaps only miners are only affected.... I'm unsure.

If the network running full nodes has capacity issues with either CPU or bandwidth could a fork occur?


texts: Can I monetize "crypto" using asset backed securities?

texts:
A friend of mine wants to create "tokens" signifying the completion of certain corporate milestones, e.g., the acquisition of X customers, and then "monetize" these "crypto" tokens as "asset backed securities."

Is this possible, and if so, how, and with whom?


texts: Crypto Exchange that Offers Withdrawal to Banks in Saudi Arabia

texts: I need any crypto exchange that offers withdrawal (cash) to banks in Saudi Arabia. There is one exchange that I know of is Fasset but it's still in its beta phase. I want to know if there's any other alternative to it.


texts: I have what I believe are my address and password - don't know what wallet from 2017

texts: I have what appears to be a GUID and a password.  But no recollection what service I used of if I even purchased / transferred or made a transaction with them back in 2017.  Any way to check to see if I have anything in here and retrieve it?  My current BTC is on a platform I use regularly, this was prior to me setting up my current process last year...  Any advice?


texts: How do I get rid of an unconfirmed transaction on Bitcoin Core 0.14.1?

texts:
Can somebody please help me? I have been trying to send .045 Bitcoins (approx $120 USD)

I am using Bitcoin Core.

I have tried to get rid of the unconfirmed transaction by using -zapwallettxes  However.. when I re-boot Bitcoin Core v0.14.1 (64-bit)   without the zapwallet command.. it still shows as unconfirmed and now it appears to be stuck. I am afraid it is a duplicate transaction and I'll never get my Bitcoins back before now I am at 0 after reboot.. and even worse the address keeps telling me they haven't received anything...

What do I do?


texts: My Bitcoin wallet is out of sync after connecting for the first time

texts: It's 4 years out of date. I have tried using a different network. Same thing. Don't know what to do but would appreciate help.


texts: Say if I am changing from CoPay to Bitcoin Core, is it recommended that I try and import my CoPay's private keys to Core, or just send the coins over to my Core account.


texts: I have to receive an amount of XBT from a relative. Both of us have a Kraken account. Can I achieve this inside Kraken or do I need any external wallet or similar? If I can do it in Kraken, how should I proceed?


texts: Is BTCFrog bitcoin QR code generator hacked?

texts:
The following URL is self explanatory. It is trying to generate a QR code requesting 0.005BTC at the shown address

http://www.btcfrog.com/qr/bitcoinPNG3.php?address=31oLAAQDmuRAGfkviHPDXFgV15To4idott&size=200&label=xx&message=yy&amount=.005

This generates the QR code below

When this QR code is scanned with any wallet of your choice the receiving address switches to something else! The address is clearly owned by someone and has several transactions.

Is it hacked or I'm doing something seriously wrong?


texts: Why is Protoc 3.0.0 breaking Make Install of Bitcoin source?

texts:
I am trying to build bitcoin from source, and am running into some problems with protoc, when I run sudo make install on the source code I get a version error for protoc:

sudo make install
Making install in src
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/q/plusonecoin-master/src'
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/q/plusonecoin-master/src'
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/q/plusonecoin-master'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/q/plusonecoin-master'
make[3]: Entering directory '/home/q/plusonecoin-master/src/secp256k1'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/home/q/plusonecoin-master/src/secp256k1'
  CXX      qt/qt_plusonecoin_qt-bitcoin.o
In file included from qt/paymentrequestplus.h:10:0,
                 from qt/paymentserver.h:35,
                 from qt/bitcoin.cpp:24:
qt/paymentrequest.pb.h:12:2: error: #error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
 #error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
  ^
qt/paymentrequest.pb.h:13:2: error: #error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers. Please update
 #error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please update
  ^
qt/paymentrequest.pb.h:14:2: error: #error your headers.
 #error your headers.
  ^
qt/paymentrequest.pb.h:22:35: fatal error: google/protobuf/arena.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
Makefile:8410: recipe for target 'qt/qt_plusonecoin_qt-bitcoin.o' failed
make[2]: *** [qt/qt_plusonecoin_qt-bitcoin.o] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/q/plusonecoin-master/src'
Makefile:9487: recipe for target 'install-recursive' failed
make[1]: *** [install-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/q/plusonecoin-master/src'
Makefile:682: recipe for target 'install-recursive' failed
make: *** [install-recursive] Error 1

I have tried building it with Protoc 2.4.1, 2.6.1, 3.0.0 and 3.2.0 but they all throw the same error. What is causing this error and how do I resolve this version issue?


texts: Can I configure Bitcoin (Linux) with a custom wallet location?

texts:
The default setup on Linux/Ubuntu has Bitcoin storing the data in the ~/.bitcoin folder, which is usually not encrypted with TrueCrypt.

Suppose I do now want to rely on the internal Bitcoin encryption system, but instead want to save the wallet to disk on using TrueCrypt encryption. Currently, I have a separate TrueCrypt data file, that I mount to a partition, copy files from it to ~/.bitcoin, and when I'm finished, I copy the files back to the truecrypt volume, and shred+delete the copies on ~/.bitcoin.

This is bothersome and error prone.

Can I configure Bitcoin to only take the wallet from /media/trucrypt, but keep the blockchain data in ~/.bitcoin?


texts: I want to distribute small amount of bitcoins

texts:
What should I be aware when I want distribute say 0.0001 bitcoin to 50 bitcoin wallets.
I this be done with one transaction? what are the implication of transaction fees?

I want my students to experience the bitcoin phenomena.


texts: Failed to start lnd.service: Unit bitcoind.service not found. (lnd installation)

texts:
I installed my bitcoind and lnd correctly.
I put my datadir=/mnt/vdb to bitcoind.conf file and it allows me to start bitcoind with this command: bitcoind -daemon.
As a final step, I want to learn lnd

sudo service lnd start

  Failed to start lnd.service: Unit bitcoind.service not found.

For me, I don't understand why it can't find bitcoind.service since I could run bitcoind without --datadir parameter.

How do I fix this error?


texts:
I am creating some test code which can create transactions and sign then, I already could do it with NON-Segwit multisig address, they were signed using my code and broadcasted.
But when I tried with Segwit multisig, I got problems, it was not signing it right.
Can someone walk me through the steps of creating and signing a multisig segwit transaction?


texts: Is calling the bitcoind RPC multi-thread safe?

texts:
My application uses bitcoind RPC with a Python wrapper. I want to write one thread that periodically watches a number of addresses by calling "listtransactions". Other threads might need to call other API commands in the meantime.

Is it safe to use bitcoind in such a multi-thread setup? (maybe I will use multi-processing in the end because of Pythons global interpreter lock).

When I searched for an answer I found:

Are bitcoin commands resistant to race conditions and thread-safe?

But I am not sure if this answer applies to my problem (and I am also not sure whether Pieter's "yes" is a reply to the first or the second question).

Thanks.


texts: What's the best practice for creating and maintaining an address index?

texts:
I am working on a Blockchain.info-like block explorer, and I have some questions regarding best practice for data retrieval. Bitcoin Core stores and serves all blocks and, if txindex is set to 1, all transactions too. It doesn't, however, have an option where you can tell it to maintain an index of all addresses.

I wrote a script that iterates through all blocks and inserts the address/txId key pairs into a MySQL table indexed on address. It maintains the index by polling for new blocks. The program doesn't yet take into account unconfirmed transactions, and chain reorganizations can result in invalid data. Is there a better way to do it?


texts: What are the top crypto-currencies based on funding?

texts: What are some of the top crypto currencies that received outside funding? Would be great if there was a list of them.


texts: Why is Poisson instead of Negative Binomial used for computing attacker's potential progress?

texts:
In chapter 11 of the Satoshi's paper it is claimed that:

  The recipient waits until the transaction has been added to a block
  and z blocks have been linked after it. He doesn't know the exact
  amount of progress the attacker has made, but assuming the honest
  blocks took the average expected time per block, the attacker's
  potential progress will be a Poisson distribution with expected
  value zq/p.

I think the precise model should be a negative binomial distribution instead of a Poisson one.

My question is: Is Satoshi's solution an approximation or is it supposed to describe accurately the problem?


texts: Chicken and Egg confusion over Bitcoin generation

texts: If Bitcoin is rewarded through mining, and mining is the process of packing some transactions in a block(and adding that block successfully to the blockchain), and on the other hand, a transaction itself is sending Bitcoins to someone else, then isn't this a chicken and egg issue? How could a transaction(say the first one) take place at all when there's no Bitcoin yet? Just getting myself familiar with the basic concepts of Bitcoin.


texts: I'm new to this bitcoin thing-I am trying to find out what is the conversion of bitcoins to US money? I.E. a bitcoin is equal to how much US dollars? Thank you for your help.


texts: Why are chain parameters hardcoded rather than defined in a configuration file?

texts:
I'm interested in running a private test network to experiment with various chain parameters. These are hardcoded in chainparams.cpp.

https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/chainparams.cpp

Unfortunately, this means that to run any experiments, I need to recompile Bitcoin Core.

What I'd like to do instead is simply edit a configuration file, then restart Bitcoin Core.

Why are chain parameters hard coded this way? Is there any way to inject my own chain parameters through a configuration file without recompiling Bitcoin Core?


texts: Im creating a new alt coin so I can understand the technology and have most of my changes done and I am trying to understand the vSeed and VFixedSeed logic. I don't have a DNS that will serve up a bunch of IP's since it will be jsut a static IP's of my 2 VM's I have created to simulate nodes. Can I just generate ips in the chainparamsseeds.h file for main and test nets or will my service fail without actual vSeed values?


texts:
What is currently the best way to purchase Mastercoins?

Are there exchanges out yet?

Do I need some special Mastercoin-Address/Wallet?


texts:
This is the last month's graph:

And this is the last day's graph:

So these are my questions:

If the today's price is about 800$ in daily graph, why is the today's price displayed as about 200$ in montly graph?
What does tell the mini graph tell us below the main graph?
What is meant with the Volume? If it's the traded amount, why should i bother with it, instead of directly looking at the amount price movemont?

PS: By the way, to see the graphs larger, click on the corresponding image with the right mouse button and then click on view image.


texts: Looking for code generate bitcoin address from passphase in C++

texts: i'm try to write a program which generate bitcoin address from given hash sha256 of passphase as private key or given hex private key. I've found a library for this but it required Boost package in visual studio which took nearly 6GB,totally unnessary for a program like this. Is there any available library to convert hex private key straight into address? No need to make wif private key, though


texts: One private key for two wallet problem - How can I get bitcoin hard fork?

texts:
I have a wallet named w1 which has the united bitcoin already (I checked on the block explorer)
When I extract w1's private key and put into the united bitcoin desktop wallet, it points to a different wallet w2. This w2 does not have any hard forked coin.

My question is: How can I let the desktop wallet know I want it point the address to w1, not w2 ?


texts:
I had some money on balance in my GDAX account.
I placed a limit order on a price below market price for the whole amount I had, and ... my balance now shows 0.00

The limit order I placed is still open, but my balance decreased. This is different to for example Kraken, where your balance remains intact until order is executed.

Is that how GDAX work, and as soon as I cancel my order, my balance will be restored to original value? Is this typically normal for exchanges? (I only used Kraken until now)


texts: How are mined blocks broadcasted in a distributed environment?

texts:
I understand that after the golden nonce is found by the miner he broadcasts the block and the other miners verify it. But I don't understand how they broadcast it because bitcoin is completely distributed with no servers to store the ip to distribute it to. How does a new miner know whom to distribute it to?

Any help is really appreciated ...


texts:
I was reviewing how Electrum wallet protect my seed. They say this regarding seed protection:

  Your seed and private keys are encrypted using AES-256-CBC.

Source: http://docs.electrum.org/en/latest/faq.html#how-is-the-wallet-encrypted

My question:  AES-256 requires a 256 bit key; yet Electrum password's size is 12 characters as per Riaan Swart [1]. Where do the remaining 160 bits come from for the AES-256 encryption key?


texts: How to validate the change address in a multisig transaction?

texts: I am using Specter Desktop to create a PSBT for a multisig transaction with some hardware wallets to sign. Part of the PSBT is a change address and I can match what the hardware wallet says to what Specter Desktop intends, but since I don't trust Specter Desktop 100% how can I validate that this change address derives from my multisig wallet?


texts: Could the standard pay to address script be simpler? e.g. no compare of the HASH160?

texts:
What if I had a scriptPubKey of

<pubKey>OP_CHECKSIG

And an scriptSig of

<sig>

Question

Would that work in the standard client?
Why do we need to check the hash?

The only possible reason I could come up with is that it makes a DDOS much more difficult since people aren't flooding the network with invalid signatures that eats up the CPU, and a hash is relatively inexpensive.

If the explanation I have is correct, is it documented anywhere?

The wiki says that that the pay to pub key hash is to prevent a break in the ECDSA algorithm, but I wonder what the real answer might be.


texts: Namecoin - How to Find Block Height via Block Hash?

texts:
Is it possible to use namecoind to determine the block number from a block hash?
Going from height to hash is easy:

namecoind getblockhash

But going from hash to height appears to be impossible...

Height is not an attribute on each block and no method appears to return it.

The closest two are:

namecoind help getblockcount
"Returns the number of blocks in the longest block chain."

namecoind help getblocknumber
"Returns the block number of the latest block in the longest block chain."

This is close, but I don't want the single, largest height value, I'm looking for a way to look up any block's height via its hash.

So there are two methods which do the same thing (return greatest height) and no methods that take a block's hash and return that block's height.  Block height is also not a block attribute.

Is there something I'm missing here?  Other coins do not appear to lack this basic functionality.


texts: I didn't receive a Bitcoin Payment. What does it mean when the Client is synchronizing?

texts: Bitcoin newbie here. I recently installed the Bitcoin client, and purchased some bitcoins from Mt.Gox. My problem is that my client is constantly synchronizing. I've checked charts and seen that my Bitcoins were successfully purchased, but my client seems to be stuck "Synchronizing with network". I've just got a constant loading icon in the bottom right, and when I hover over it it says it's "catching up". As I said, I'm new. Is this normal? Can someone explain what's happening? Thanks!


texts: reusing an address how can I get the confirmations

texts:
I would like to reuse an address I was thinking of using blockchain.info api which returns the amount sent to the address if confirmation reach the set parameter. When I send more BTC to the same address the confirmation parameter no longer works. Is the another solution for this?

https://blockchain.info/q/getreceivedbyaddress/adressxxxxxxxxxxx?confirmations=4


texts: Is it possible to have multiple accounts in MultiBit HD?

texts: Is it possible to have multiple accounts within one wallet? Mycelium allows multiple accounts within one wallet, but I don't see how to do that within MultiBit HD.


texts: Why doesn’t Bitcoin use UDP to do Blockpropagation?

texts:
Bitcoin uses TCP for P2P but why is UDP not used?  Modern day internet has relatively low packet loss rate so UDP is reliable. Even if some packets are dropped the peers can always request for the blocks. With TCP, the network is rather staticly constructed whereas UDP you can construct a random graph each time a block is propagated as its connectionless.

NANO uses UDP and I think it’s a good approach. I’m just curious as to if I’m missing something. Bootstrapping can obviously be done using TCP


texts:
How does buying and selling bitcoins work once the order is placed?

I just know that the order-matching engine is used for this purpose, but more information regarding this will be helpful.


texts: Corrupt wallet.dat file - Try quitting bitcoin and running this again

texts:
I have made a few major mistakes and am making a last ditch effort to recover my bitcoins. I had a wallet.dat file on a previous installation of windows, after reformatting (with no previous back up, I know I know...) I realized my mistake and immediately attempted to recover the wallet.dat file with Recurva. Recurva listed the file as "excellent" condition.

When attempting to open the file in the bitcoin client, I receive the error:

"Wallet corrupted - salvage failed".

The wallet is encrypted, the password is known.

I have attempted to do a wallet dump using pywallet, however, I always receive the error:

ERROR:root:Couldn't open wallet.dat/main. Try quitting Bitcoin and running this again.

The command I am running:

python pywallet.py --passphrase=mypassphrasehere --datadir=C:\path\to\recovered\wallet --dumpwallet

I am unable to find any more resources for getting around this error - I do not have bitcoin running (even after a restart), and I am referencing a wallet that is outside of the bitcoin data directory (and also tried having the default path with bitcoin not running)

Has anyone else run into this issue? Should I assume the wallet file is corrupt and cut my loses? I've exhausted my google fu and can not seem to find any other steps to recover this wallet.


texts: Is it possible to spend outputs with very small amounts?

texts:
I'm a Bitcoin newbie and this is rather theoretical question based on this discussion's accepted answer: transaction creation failed

So does it essentially mean that in case if my wallet is comprised of many small amounts of BTC (say, each of them is less than current tx fee), even though they may sum up to substantial amount, I nevertheless won't be able to spend any of them?

For example, let's say in the edge case I have 100.000.000 addresses each containing 1 Satoshi. Does it mean 1 BTC they all sum up to is lost irrevocably?


texts: How do you create a scriptsig for a new raw tx?

texts: Could someone please explain how to do this is in a detailed step by step manner that correlates to a real linked transaction such that a n00b can comprehend?  Is it just copy and paste a particular identifiable portion of the previous tx from the raw tx thereof or is it more elaborate?


texts:
I am unable to import the package bitcoinrpc.
I have installed it in python2 and python3 using python3 -m pip install python-bitcoinrpc/python -m pip install python-bitcoinrpc AND by cloning the repo and editing the python environment in setup.py to my python2 and 3 path. Which returns Requirement already satisfied: python-bitcoinrpc in /home/a/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (1.0)
Even after that I get the following errors:
Python2: ImportError: No module named authproxy
Python3: ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'bitcoinrpc.authproxy'; 'bitcoinrpc' is not a package
Following is my code:
from bitcoinrpc.authproxy import AuthServiceProxy, JSONRPCException

# rpc_user and rpc_password are set in the bitcoin.conf file
rpc_user = "xxx"
rpc_password = "xxx"
rpc_connection = AuthServiceProxy("http://%s:%s@127.0.0.1:8332"%(rpc_user, rpc_password))

print(rpc_connection.get_info())

I have searched as much as I could but, cannot find anyting except for this bitcoin stackexchange question without an answer.
ENV: OS: Mint 19.1 with Anaconda where which python(3) return /usr/bin/python(3)
Is the setup broken or am I missing something?
Any help is appreciated. Thank you!


texts: Historical price of various cryptocurrencies

texts:
I am currently in need of the historical prices of bitcoin and various altcoins for a project I am working on, but I am only able to find historical prices back to around December 2015 using http://alt19.com/.

I have googled till my eyes bled, but I am unable to find any, does anyone know if some of the major exchanges offer historical prices etc? Preferably at least daily prices.


texts: How transaction manipulation handles in Blockchain?

texts:
I'm new to Blockchain and would like to understand few concepts in a detail.
After reading about basics of Blockchain, one thing is unclear to me about tx. manipulation.

For instance, A has some (i.e: $10) money and A is sending half($5) of it to B.
but C manipulate that transaction before going to Blockchain and set $10 instead.

Now, A wanted to send only $5, but some how A's account will get empty since miner will check A has enough balance or not.

How Blokchain resolves this type of scenario?


texts: Accessing blockchain.info account without email address

texts: I had my blockchain.info Id in my email account but it got hacked. Because of that I have disabled the account. How can I get access to my blockchain id and password now?


texts: How can I find out the current exchange rate of Bitcoin/USD?

texts: What is the value of 1 bitcoin in USD, today? Where can the exchange rate be looked up?


texts: Can someone tell me what the process is of getting a bitgold prepaid debit card and if I can use it just about anywhere? Does anyone have one of these cards and what is your experience with them?


texts: Getting error while running Blockchain.info api

texts:
I am getting error as {"error":"Not found"} when I am trying to run the blockchain.info wallet api service locally on my computer.
I was getting the error of "Address in Use " error when I ran it on http://127.0.0.1:3000/
after changing it to http://127.0.0.1:8000/ I am getting error.


texts: I recently bought EtherDoge from EtherDelta and the amount of tokens I received in my wallet shows as something like 10000010000000. The EtherDoge website shows the total supply of EDOGE as 100 billion so how does that work? Obviously I can see that doesn't make sense but don't understand why my wallet shows a number higher than 100 billion. Sorry if this is a dumb question but I'm completely new to this so wanted to find out. Thanks


texts: Is there a reason why MtGox is based in Japan?

texts: I was wondering why MtGox is a Japanese company. The founder was American, and the current owner is French, so is there a special reason why Japan was attractive for them?


texts: Why would anyone buy BTC using MtGox when the price is so much higher than other exchanges (e.g. CoinBase)?  And why would anyone sell using MtGox if you have to wait an outrageous amount of time to withdraw the USD?  In other words why is MtGox getting any business at all?


texts: I started a regtest bitcoin network. Then I found most of my UTXOs are sending to a bitcoin address 'msvXYdtdhgWefyKPym2HnSmTUkxUsiDvn2'. The address is belongs to account 'Dvn2'. What is 'Dvn2' stand for?


texts: Send payment from one user to another via API?

texts:
I am looking to have users on my website submit their  bitcoin id and be able to accept bitcoin from other bitcoin user as donations.

I am brand new to this. I'm using PHP.

So basically this is what I want to happen.

User A signs up on my website and gets a profile

User A enters their bitcoin address that they want to accept payments to

User B goes to User A's profile and selects to send bitcoin to them

My backend PHP code facilitates the payment from User B to User A and gets notified of a successful transaction.

From what I'm reading there are multiple places someone can have a wallet. Is there a centralized way to send to and from any wallet?


texts: Bitcoin QR code on a product sold in stores

texts: How and which company do i turn to implement a QR code for bitcoin on a product sold within stores.


texts: Bitcoin's vulnerabilities are well documented. Is there are similar document for Ripple?


texts:
I have Bitcoin Core v0.11.0 installed on a machine that's running Windows XP.  After waiting several days to completely synchronize, I decided to update the bincoin.conf file.  I didn't see one where it was supposed to be, so I created a new file that had nothing but the following line it it.

txindex = 1

I saved the file in the appropriate directory and restarted Bitcoin.  Upon starting, it basically said that I had to start synchronizing from scratch (it said I was over 6 years behind).  It then crashed.

Finally, I decided to get things back to the way they were before.  I simply deleted the bitcoin.conf file that I had created, thinking that everything would go back to normal.  It didn't.  Now the program crashes every time I try to start it.  A window pops up that says

"Bitcoin Core (GUI node for Bitcoin) has encountered a problem and needs to close.  We are sorry for the inconvenience."

So what do I do now?  How do I get Bitcoin Core to stop crashing?

Thanks for your time.

%%%% UPDATE %%%%%%%%%%

As for the debug log, the first line to show an error is the following:

2015-10-30 02:56:56 Error: Couldn't open socket for incoming connections (socket returned error An address incompatible with the requested protocol was used.  (10047))

I've tried saving the bitcoin folder (the one that has the huge blockchain) as a backup and then re-installing The entire program.  After re-installation, if I let it create its own new "Bitcoin" folder, everything is fine.  Then when I try to put the blockchain folders inside the bitcoin folder, that it created, I get the error message.

I hope re-installation wasn't a mistake.  I have the blockchain.  I'd hate to have to re-acquire the whole thing again.

Either way, I really appreciate your speedy responses.  That's excellent!


texts:
I'm long time really confused about LITTLE/BIG endian encoding. With regard to bitcoin when you check protocol documentation here it says that btc magic number as send over the wire 0xF9BEB4D9 which has to be as RFC1700 specifies BIG ENDIAN.

However in this thread, one answer states that 0xF9BEB4D9 is little endian encoded.

Can soemone explain, please?


texts:
Must all members of a mining pool use the same address?  Is there ever an exception?

I know nothing of mining pools so can provide more information if possible, but what I mean in specifics is can a mining pool use every member's address in the blocks, or do all members have to use one address in the blocks and be repaid later on trust?


texts: Can a blockchain transaction history be updated by text messages using a mobile network?

texts: Is it possible to update Bitcoin transactions over mobile networks using texts or voice data transmission?


texts: difference between inbound and outbound connection

texts:
I'm running a bitcoin full node (bitcoin core) via Tor.
I noticed I have only outbound connections (using maxconnections=16 in the conf file), but not even an inbound one.
So which is exactly  the difference between inbound and outbound?
I'm able to regularly receive update tips and relay my transactions to the network however.
Furthermore, I set the onlynet=onion option, so I should exclusively receive from and relay to onion addresses


texts: I have blockchain.info wallet with BTC and BCC. What will happen if I send BTC only to that address?

texts:
Previous question: In case of the Bitcoin split - when holding BTC on blockchain.info - will I receive coins on both forks?

I know that I can restore private key from the 12 words BIP 39 recovery phrase.

I was silly / stupid / risky enough to move 1.11111111 BTC pre-fork - https://twitter.com/stefek99/status/891777250089209857 - to ViaBTC and now there is ฿ 1.25469771 post-fork Bitcoin.

I have no idea how to reconcile this. Thinking about splitting my remaining pre-fork Bitcoin, trading BCC for BTC and keeping post-fork balance only.

Sending post-fork BTC to pre-fork BTC and BCC address seems risky. Is there anything I should consider?

https://blockchain.info official statement: https://blog.blockchain.com/2017/07/30/bitcoin-cash-hard-fork-blockchain-users/


texts: I made a payment of bitcoin into escrow for services that were not delivered and bitcoin not returned

texts: I made a payment of bitcoin into escrow for services that were not delivered. I requested that the funds be returned and they have been removed from escrow, but never returned to me. Can I do anything to recover my funds?


texts: Why are companies selling mining hardware instead of using it themselves?

texts:
I'm not (yet) using Bitcoin, and I'm just approaching this world as of now.

I stumbled upon some merchants that sell mining hardware (with some GH/s). But I've yet to understand what they gain, apart from the upfront cash.

The reason one should buy mining hardware is, if i'm not mistaken, to "generate bitcoins", i.e. "generate money"; so, one expects to be able to have a return of the investment sometime in the future, so I guess that in some way my claim is correct (about "generating money").

But then, why don't the companies simply use their own hardware?


texts: Is there a way to change Bitcoin Open Source code to be more Environmentally friendly?

texts:
If Bitcoin is open source as proponents mention, why can't make Bitcoin as environmentally friendly as Ripple, Dogecoin, Cardono etc? Elon Musk tanked the market by mentioning Dogecoin is More environmentally friendly. It apparently uses an algorithm that takes less computation and energy consumption.
Source Code reference:
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin


texts: transaction stays in status "0/unconfirmed, in memory pool"

texts:
to say this upfront: I know these kind of questions have been asked before, but I already tried some things and I really don't have the knowledge what to do next.

I recently tried to send an amount of BTC from a Bitcoin Core wallet. After one whole day, the transaction still has the status "0/unconfirmed, in memory pool" in Bitcoin Core.
I've tried restarting with options (rescan; zapwallettxes), but it didn't work. I also used the dumpprivkey command and imported this key into a blockchain.info wallet. It says there's no money on it...

How can I get this money back?

Edit: Solved. Like Michael C Ippolito said, the transaction has been confirmed eventually. I thank you for your answers.


texts:
What is pool hopping and how do pool hoppers affect other miners?

Are there ways to prevent it?


texts: Where are the new smart fee estimate data saved? Can the file be re-used?

texts:
Are the data for smart fee estimation (in bitcoin core with version 0.15.0 or larger) saved?

Where is it saved, what is the format?

Can they be re-used on a different node - so the estimates are accurate, even when the node is just started? If the file (or files) is moved from node to a different node (that has a different chain state), will the fee estimates still be accurate?


texts:
In late 2009 maybe early very early of 2010 I was living at my parents and tryi to find a way to make money online.  It was all fairly new back then.  I remember looking at some computer coders site that spoke of stuff I didn’t understand when I found where someone was giving 25 bucks to download and run a program. I don’t recall if I clicked on a link, copied and pasted into browser. Idk. I do know that when I ran it it asked if I wanted to run it in the background. I chose yes.  And after it was all there the 25 was a huge number of bitcoin. The equivalent to 25 dollars worth of bitcoin back then.  I seen that and got irritated.  Mom told me to at least finish what I was doing.  So I did.
Later dad is annoyed at a program running that he couldn’t find.
He changed hard drives.
So years later I ask dad and yes he still has the hard drive.
The only thing I can find is where I copied and pasted the url into a folder.
But the url says bitcoin/stack.exchange or something like that followed by some characters.
Bitcoin stack exchange didn’t form for a few years yet.
Did the stack exchange have links or something to complete a bitcoin trade back then?
Does anyone remember back then how The word about bitcoin was spread? Oh and I do remember seeing peer to peer in something I was reading about the download I’d just done and I remember satoshi or something maybe even longer that began with satoshi


texts: Hashrate comparison for multiple hash algorithms

texts:
My question is about the hashrate obtained with same hardware (non-ASIC) on many algorithms.

For example, I've read that Scrypt-N is about half the hashrate of Scrypt. Is that true for all hardwares? Do we have the same kind of relations between hashrates on other algorithms (something like on SHA256 my hasrate would be 10x my ethash hashrate)

Thank you for your answers


texts: How fast does a processor have to be to mine bitcoins

texts:
I have a MacBook Air running 10.7(Lion) with an Intel Core i5 processor

I want to try to mine bitcoins for fun. I understand that I alone will probably not be able to get any bitcoins from mining so I registered for some mining pools (Slush's pool, BTC Guild) and tried various applications to try to mine (MacMiner, guiminer, and cgminer)

For all of these, I am able to connect to the mining url with my credentials. guiminer shows that I have a speed of about 2 MH/s. However, nothing else seems to happen even after running these programs for about half an hour. I don't seem to be contributing to any of these pools.

Can someone tell me what is going on wrong?


texts:
I installed Bitcoin Core and a friend sent me 0.2 bitcoins using an address generated in Bitcoin Core.
However, Bitcoin Core fails to retrieve the Block Chain and keeps trying to reload; which takes days.
So I have never received the bitcoins.

I have the receiving address.
Can I use that in a different (hopefully more reliable ) wallet? e.g. Electrum.


texts: Do transactions with old UTXOs take longer to confirm?

texts: Suppose I do a transaction with an UXTO created years ago. Would that take longer to confirm because miners would have to look further back in the transaction chain to verify it?


texts: What forces transactions to be visible to all miners?

texts:
How are transactions provided to the miners?  And what keeps the following scenario from occurring?

A valid transaction is initially reported to a "rogue" node, A, in the network.  If that node is a miner, it simply keeps the transaction for itself so that it can (eventually) obtain the incentive the next time it gets a block into the chain.  The network will accept the block since the transaction is valid, eh?

If the A is not a miner, it simply works with a "partner" miner B which gives A a portion of the incentive earned for each transaction A sends to B and B successfully got into the block chain.

So, in a sense, what keeps miners from (illegally) paying other nodes in the network for more (valid) transactions?  In light of something like net neutrality, perhaps miners can pay to for better service from nodes that receive transactions?  How many nodes must know about a transaction before it can be put in a block?


texts:
I'm making a simple demonstrator program, pretty much a simplified bitcoin clone based mostly on the original whitepaper.

Please bear with me, because I haven't found a way to describe the problem more concisely.

My blockchain is based on this tutorial.

However, it completely ignores the transaction part, so I've based the transactions on this part of the original documentation:

As specified here, my transactions consist of the next owner's public key and the signature of last transaction signed by the previous owner. I also added the amount being transferred (I'm not using the in/out system for the sake of simplicity).

Since each transaction needs a hash of a previous one, I also created a coinbase transaction. It only contains  the mined amount and the miner's public key (to know whom to give the mined amount). This allows for the first regular transaction in a block to have a previous transaction to hash and sign.

However, that also means that the miner key has to be specified before the first transaction is made (since all future transactions require that the coinbase's hash stays the same).
At the same time, it does not make sense to specify the miner before they have mined a block.
In other words, this would require the transaction user to know a priori who will mine the block with their transaction.

My assumption so far was that a coinbase transaction is added to the unconfirmed transaction list after the previous block is mined, and new transactions refer to it. Then the whole list is put into a block which is then mined. However that assumption led to the aforementioned problems.

The only possible solution which I could come up with is using the last transaction hash from the previous block to sign a new transaction, effectively bypassing the coinbase transaction. But that doesn't seem right to me.

Please, tell me if I'm missing something, or got the wrong idea somewhere.

Where and when should the coinbase transaction(including the miner key) be added?

Or should I scrap that idea completely and use the "bypass" method?

PS. I've already tried searching various wikis and questions, but nothing realy gave me a clear solution to this.
Especially, this answer is too vague


texts: Can't inititate network handshake with my full node

texts:
I am running a custom Python script to initiate network handshakes with other nodes. While testing the code I decided to initiate an handshake with my own node but I am getting a timeout error.

TimeoutError: [Errno 110] Connection timed out

I know the script works, because I have tried with other well known nodes in the network. Also the script is from Programming Bitcoin by Jimmy Song, so I am reasonably confident that it's tested.

This is related (I think) to my earlier problem where I was checking connectivity while setting up the node and https://bitnodes.earn.com/ can't reach my node. I didn't pay much attention because my node successfully established incoming connections.

  bitcoin@bitcoin_fullnode:~ $ bitcoin-cli getnetworkinfo
{
  "version": 180000,
  "subversion": "/Satoshi:0.18.0/",
  "protocolversion": 70015,
  "localservices": "000000000000040d",
  "localrelay": true,
  "timeoffset": 0,
  "networkactive": true,
  "connections": 18,
  "networks": [

So this means my node is reachable from other nodes somehow, yet I can't manually reach it.

My node's public IP:

bitcoin@bitcoin_fullnode:~ $ curl https://ipinfo.io/ip
103.24.86.29

My ufw settings:

18333                      ALLOW       Anywhere                   # allow Bitcoin testnet
8333                       ALLOW       Anywhere                   # allow Bitcoin mainnet

I am getting a local ping reply from my server. But no response from its public IP.

rajarshi@linuxpc:~$ ping 192.168.1.185
PING 192.168.1.185 (192.168.1.185) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.185: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=5.25 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.185: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=3.34 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.185: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=4.65 ms
^C
--- 192.168.1.185 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 3.347/4.418/5.250/0.797 ms

rajarshi@linuxpc:~$ ping 103.24.86.29
PING 103.24.86.29 (103.24.86.29) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 103.24.86.29 ping statistics ---
9 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 8197ms

Similar situation for 8333 port using telnet:

rajarshi@linuxpc:~$ telnet 192.168.1.185 8333
Trying 192.168.1.185...
Connected to 192.168.1.185.

rajarshi@linuxpc:~$ telnet 103.24.86.29 8333
Trying 103.24.86.29...
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection timed out

Somehow it seems that my public IP is not reachable. Can anyone suggest where should I look at? I am running Bitcoin Core 18.0 on a Raspberry 3 connected to a TPLink router. Router Firewall is disabled, UPNP is enabled, Port Forwarding done for 8333 and 18333. What else I should debug to figure out this problem? I am aware that it's not a Bitcoin specific problem, but any help is much appreciated.

Thank you. :)

PS: Also relevant part of my bitcoin.conf file, in case that's helpful.

upnp=1
listen=1
#testnet=1

#Along with clear ip also tell bitcoind that you are using tor
onion=127.0.0.1:9050

#these are other Tor nodes that will help your node find peers
seednode=nkf5e6b7pl4jfd4a.onion
seednode=xqzfakpeuvrobvpj.onion
seednode=tsyvzsqwa2kkf6b2.onion

#these lines help limit potential DOS attacks over Tor
banscore=10000
bantime=11


texts: Is SIGHASH_NONE encompassing of other signature types?

texts:
Say I am building a transaction in private:

Input 1 is signed with SIGHASH_SINGLE  ( | SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY)
Input 2 is signed with SIGHASH_NONE | SIGHASH_ANYONECANPAY

SIGHASH_NONE implies that Input 2 will only spend if Input 1 is included in the transaction. Am I able to communicate this privately-signed transaction in such a way that Input 1 is also locked on the condition that Input 2 is included?

For example, I send this partially-signed transaction, with both signatures, to a person I do not trust.

Are they able to spend Input 1 (the SIGHASH_SINGLE) in another transaction without Input 2 included?

What can I do to lock these two inputs together, with one of the inputs also being locked to an output, while still allowing people to add inputs to the transaction?


texts: Easiest way to buy Bitcoin from Montreal/Canada

texts:
Apart bank wire is there a fastest/cheapest way to buy Bitcoin? I checked the map with the live seller but there is none in Montreal.

Thank's.


texts: LTC to BCC transaction shows confirm but still not recieved

texts:
I had the transfer of litecoint from coinbase to btc wallet 19days ago  but still I didn’t receive the BCC  in my wallet.

Actually I have transferred around 42 LTC to BCC and the transcation shows confirmation and went successful.

Details of the traction is below, It’s showing successful :

https://live.blockcypher.com/ltc/tx/5345f0a35f818f551131fceb51635ca3cd411aa4a74bdc12a08424ff97cf4dc6/

https://live.blockcypher.com/ltc/tx/befbdc41020df39b2be83dda52814d7242a5d0a3952d92d9bfcd4e9947f9680e/

Is there a way I can recover that back to the address from its sent.
Could you please let help me to track this.


texts: Ttransaction validation in the bitcoin blockchain

texts:
I am confused.
What is exactly a validation of transaction in the bitcoin block chain?
Please correct me if I am wrong.

I know we need 6 minner to validate our transaction and those 6 minner check whether we did the transaction or not and after that if they verify that we have done the transaction then our transaction goes to the memory pool and after that minners will try to put our transaction in the new block that they are creating to add in the bitcoin blockchain.


texts: Cgminer not working on windows with Nvidia graphics card

texts:
When I try to start cgminer on windows it throws the following error:

Command:
cgminer –-scrypt -o http://netcodepool.org:8337 -u usernmae -p mypass –-thread-concurrency 8192 -I 10 -g 1 -w 256

:687: error: no matching overload found for arguments of type 'unsigned int  __attribute__((ext_vector_type(
        4))), unsigned int'
                        B[i+4] = EndianSwap(tmp[i]);
                                 ^~~~~~~~~~
        :700: error: no matching overload found for arguments of type 'unsigned in [2013-05-25 07:10:52] Failed to i
        nit GPU thread 0, disabling device 0
         [2013-05-25 07:10:52] Restarting the GPU from the menu will not fix this.
         [2013-05-25 07:10:52] Try restarting cgminer.
        Press enter to continue:


texts:
We are developing the open government auctions system on “Stellar” platform.  We forked Stellar and run our own network. We’ve added Lot creation transactions, auction participation, bids etc. There is encoding problem. We tried this solution:  https://github.com/stellar/js-stellar-base/issues/60 But during the debug process we’ve find out that Stellar-core can’t process the data sent by js-xdr library in base64 (UTF-8) format. We’ve looked at the C++ source code but haven’t found the way to fix that.

Error example:
{\"exception\"=>\"Non-zero padding bytes encountered\"}"

Some help and/or advice on this issue will be much appreciated.

All source are available here: http://www.eauction.idf.solutions/


texts: How to get historical balance of a Bitcoin address at a particular block number or date?

texts:
I would like to get the balance of a Bitcoin address at a particular block number or date.

Is there any way to retrieve this data from JSON-RPC? Alternatively, is there any API or blockchain analytics service that provides this? Thanks.


texts: Cheapest way to switch from Exodus wallet to something else

texts:
A few months back I moved my Bitcoins and Ether to Exodus.  I've now decided, as pretty as it may be, the high transaction charges and no way of changing them mean I want to switch wallets. There are other issues too, but this is the main one driving me away.

I tried using Jaxx to transfer the small amount of Ether, using the exported key from Exodus's developer menu.  However, this appears to have swept my Exodus address, rather than importing the address and private key into Jaxx.  It wasn't a complete sweep either - there is still balance in my Exodus Ether wallet.

What I am looking for is a way to just switch Bitcoin wallets from Exodus to something else, at minimum cost.

I believe I should be able to do that by importing private keys exported from Exodus into some other wallet, but my experience with Jaxx suggests that not all wallets support this. Jaxx support sweeping only.  A discussion of difference between sweeping and importing on 99 coins.

Am I right in my thinking?  If I am, can you suggest good wallets that support what I want to do, and have clear documentation about how to do it?


texts: Can anyone explain what are the advantages of using BIP 38 Bitcoin wallet encryption to simply encrypting the private key with AES256?


texts:
I'm trying to figure out the internals of hashing. I've read through a lot of the documentation but unfortunately most of it tends to gloss over the details. In fact I've yet to find a complete and accurate portrayal of a hashing procedure in an easy-to-read language like Python. So I thought I would try to do it myself. I am starting off by trying to verify the "midstate" that comes in every call to getwork (although soon to be removed completely as I understand).

I have been referencing this example in Go: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9245235/golang-midstate-sha-256-hash/9322486#9322486

So I just hardcoded in the first half of the "data" field which would be returned by the getwork call

So here's what I've got so far:

#!/usr/bin/env python
import json
import binascii
import hashlib

#This function takes a hex string and reverses the order of bytes in every slice of 4 bytes
def hexbyteswap(string):
  swapped_string = []
  n = 8
  split_string = [string[i:i+n] for i in range(0, len(string),n)]
  for piece in split_string:
    binary = binascii.unhexlify(piece)
    binary_r = binary[::-1]
    swapped_string.append(binascii.hexlify(binary_r))
  return "".join(swapped_string)

#This is the first half of the data string, i.e. the first 64 bytes of the data field
fhalf="00000001c570c4764aadb3f09895619f549000b8b51a789e7f58ea750000709700000000103ca064f8c76c390683f8203043e91466a7fcc40e6ebc428fbcc2d8"

# run the byteswap
fhalf_bin_r_hex = hexbyteswap(fhalf)

#These following steps are where I'm having the problem
print hashlib.sha256(binascii.unhexlify(fhalf_bin_r_hex)).hexdigest()
print hashlib.sha256(fhalf_bin_r_hex).hexdigest()

So according to the Go article referenced earlier, I should get this out of my SHA function:

69FC72E76DB0E764615A858F483E3566E42D56B2BC7A03ADCE9492887010EDA8

Then if I run the byte swap again I will get the real midstate which is:

e772fc6964e7b06d8f855a6166353e48b2562de4ad037abc889294cea8ed1070

But I am NOT getting anything resembling that at all. I've tried two ways first putting the hex string into the Sha function and getting:

d3092f90cd1940d050b7a6f43063b081a82bc43c7fe202a5920721b858462a49

Then I also tried running unhexlify first and putting it into Sha (shown in the code above) which yields:

b55c86ea0314d1dea431923d46a18feed832f15ad535256516b796f6909e0dd0

Neither one of these is correct. What am I missing?


texts: Are any hashes (Tx or block) actually stored in the blockchain?

texts:
...or is each client responsible for storing hashes for blocks and transactions in their own database? So when I send a transaction, I indicate the prev_out by its hash, and I just assume everyone on the network will know what that hash means, even though it's not specifically, literally IN the blockchain?

Is blockexplorer.com doing me a favor by listing the hash for this raw Tx? Or is that hash actually sent by the original transaction-sender?
http://blockexplorer.com/rawtx/85dce726e04af12eaaa716d00c753e2b7d6eb83a04c2c20e1b71a63d9512f03a


texts: Recover bitcoin wallet with old Private Key

texts:
about 3 years ago I created my bit coin  wallet and purchased few bit coins. I have done couple transactions with my wallet paying for things I bought in the internet.

I have no record of my wallet

I do have my private key

Recently I tried to import my private key in blockchain.info and got the message Invalid private key encoding

I know for sure that this is my private key

I will appreciate any helpin explaining  what could be the reason for this error message

Also, how I can see transactions done with this private key

..and ofcourse any ideas to recover will be greatly appreciated


texts: Is there any way for me to recover or reclaim a confirmed but unspent transaction that was sent to the wrong address?

texts: I sent money to the wrong address. I am not a developer and I only understand the blockchain in its most general terms.....but I use bitcoin everyday so I have a working knowledge of it. It's hard for me to get anywhere because I know none of the languages, anything about scripting, and can't even run a install via command prompt.....I'm working on it though. Is there a way for me to either recover, regenerate, or resend my misplaced transacrion? I see it there on blockcypher. I tried to import into one of my other wallets but it won't go because I assume I need the private key. Please help.


texts: Running poclbm miner in Ubuntu 13.04 without ATI card

texts:
I am running Ubuntu 13.04 64bit with 16GB RAM and this is my VGA card:

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor     Graphics Controller (rev 09) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: Lenovo Device 2200
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 45
Memory at f1000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4M]
Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
I/O ports at 6000 [size=64]
Expansion ROM at <unassigned> [disabled]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: i915

When I try to run poclbm miner, it doesn't list any openCL devices and says nothing to mine on ?
Is there any other miner that I can use on Ubuntu to use and maximize the performance from my VGA card ?


texts: Script to periodically update assumevalid block in bitcoin core configuration, good idea?

texts:
On my server my full node Bitcoin Core 0.15.1 can take several minutes, on starting, to "validate blocks".  And during that time it's thrashing the disk, slowing down everything else.

So I discovered the assumevalid command line/configuration parameter which takes a block hash and tells Core to "assume valid" that block and all ancestors.  Apparently it's updated when Bitcoin Core releases - and as a result it can be weeks or even months old.

So I created a little script to RPC to my full node and do GetBlockCount to get the current height, then I subtract 400 and use GetBlockHash to get the hash for a block about 3 days back.  Then I rewrite bitcoin.conf with that value as the parameter of assumevalid.

So sure enough Bitcoin Core seems to start faster after doing that.

Is it a good idea?  Or more specifically, what could go wrong?


texts: Since Bitcoin Core 0.14.0, how does a node with default settings compute the dust limit?

texts:
In earlier releases of Bitcoin Core, the dust limit was defined as an output whose spending would require more than 1/3 of its value as fees:

https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/a/41082/10845

The minimum fee was in turn defined by minRelayTxFee, a user-adjustable setting that defaulted at one point to 1 satoshis/byte.

The release notes for 0.14.0 have this to say about minRelayTxFee:

  Since the changes in 0.12 to automatically limit the size of the mempool and improve the performance of block creation in mining code it has not been important for relay nodes or miners to set -minrelaytxfee. With this release the following concepts that were tied to this option have been separated out:

  incremental relay fee used for calculating BIP 125 replacement and mempool limiting. (1000 satoshis/kB)
  calculation of threshold for a dust output. (effectively 3 * 1000 satoshis/kB)
  minimum fee rate of a package of transactions to be included in a block created by the mining code. If miners wish to set this minimum they can use the new -blockmintxfee option. (defaults to 1000 satoshis/kB)

  The -minrelaytxfee option continues to exist but is recommended to be left unset.

https://bitcoin.org/en/release/v0.14.0

Unfortunately, this statement doesn't clarify the question of how the dust limit is computed going forward. In particular, the statement "calculation of threshold for a dust output. (effectively 3 * 1000 satoshis/kB)" is confusing. It appears to mean that the dust limit is hard coded with a fee density of 1 satoshis/byte, yielding a minimum output value of 546 satoshis ((34 + 148) * 3, as per previous policy). But this doesn't make much sense given that the market fee density for next-block confirmation is routinely above 100 satoshis/byte, and changes daily.

Assume I'm running a 0.14.0 node with default settings. What's the effective dust limit for this node, and how is it calculated, given that I'm being instructed not to touch minRelayTxFee?


texts: Does every node has a whole copy of the blockchain?

texts:
As i read here, in a blockchain "each node the has a copy of all transactions ever made". This to me seems impossible, bitcoin exists for a long time, and the memory size of the intere blockchain would be enormous.

ps: if i have to pay for a service using bitcoins, do i become a node of the blockchain ?


texts: Does Bitcoin's high price make payments in stores less viable?

texts:
With bitcoins values getting so high (now is $2250/BTC) is it still viable to use bitcoins as a way of payment in stores?

It's not that common now, but I thought that people would use it more with time. Now with the high values of BTC the fees to the miners are pretty high. In order to get a fast transaction I had to pay around $2. This would discourage low values transactions, right?

Is there a way to improve this situation? Would it for example help to increase the number of miners?
Is it otherwise correct to assume that Bitcoin will only be viable for high value transactions?


texts:
On the Bitcoin Wiki's OP_CHECKSIG documentation:

  Firstly always this (the default) procedure is applied:

  the public key and the signature are popped from the stack, in that order. If the hash-type value is 0, then it is replaced by the last_byte of the signature. Then the last byte of the signature is always deleted.

The signature format is:

  0x30 [total-length] 0x02 [R-length] [R] 0x02 [S-length] [S] [sighash]

In case if hash type is 0 then we should  get last byte from [S]
and remove it I think it will corrupt signature!

Maybe I don't correctly understand this documentation. Could anybody explain the correct behavior in this case?


texts: Is it possible for there to be a virus in the blockchain?

texts: can a blockchain ever get a 'virus', that continually replicates itself, continues paying for gas (if on the ethereum network) and survives/self-replicates through the blockchain, similar to viruses on a PC?


texts: What unconfirmed transactions in Mempool get into a block?

texts: I have a question regarding picking unconfirmed transactions from the mempool. Let's say, there are 1000 transactions in the mempool. Can I randomly select some transactions, say, transaction a, b, c, d from them, and work on the nonce and create a new block? Is there any criteria about what transactions need to be in the next block?


texts: I use CGMiner(unless there's a better one) on an AMD Radeon HD 8570D. it gets 22-23kh/s but most times I see people mentioning their graphics producing multiple megahashes. do I just have the wrong configuration or do I have to buy something more powerful(and expensive)


texts: Find who all donated/transacted to/with a particular website/person

texts: I wanted to know is there a way to find if a person donated to a particular site or made a transaction with a known address. I mean I know it could be looked up on blockchain easily, but what I am trying to say is if you have an address of a person and you want to know whether a person has used it on a particular site or not, how would you do that? Is there a website which does that - take two addresses and reveal whether they ever transacted or not?


texts: Why was the Oct 2015 Transaction Malleability event possible in spite of BIP62/66?

texts:
The recent re-emergence of transaction malleability has been responsible for a large number of Txs which are being double spent (October 2015).

/r/Bitcoin has posted some C++ code which @amaclin has taken responsibility for.

I understand that, based on this source code, the transaction malleability "exploit" is simply tweaking the DER signatures for certain Txs (ie non P2SH Txs) and rebroadcasting the Tx (disclaimer: I don't know C++ so these are educated guesses).

BIP62 deals with numerous issues, amongst these is the requirement for canonical DER signatures: I was under the impression canonical DER signatures was implemented in BIP66.

Can someone clarify what @amaclin's code is doing?
Why is this exploit possible if BIP66 was implemented several weeks ago?


texts: What BIPs are supported by the standard client Bitcoin Core?

texts:
There is different BIP, each has a status. I read somewhere that BIPs are not considered part of the Bitcoin protocol until "active". Nevertheless, Bitcoin Core seems to support a number of BIPs that are in status "accepted".

Is there an official list on what BIPs are currently supported by the standard client?

I even searched the source code but didn't find any official list.


texts: Where can I find early posts about Bitcoin where trolls are arguing over distribution?

texts: I'm doing research on Bitcoin and looking for early posts about Bitcoin regarding unfair distribution. I'm sure there were posts arguing the fact that most of the Bitcoins were in the hands of only a handful of early adopters. And how many?


texts: Bitcoin Core recovery with Just Passphrase and Wallet ID

texts: I have a wallet ID and my passphrase but I have lost access to my Wallet and Keys due to a fire. Is there a way for me to recover my Wallet? The Hard drive the Wallet was on was physically destroyed beyond recovery. the software used was Bitcoin Core.


texts:
so I sent bitcoin to an address before it expired but before it could expire it didn't arrive to that address yet, would it still reach that address anyways or is it that when the address expires that anything sent to that before it expired is gone?
I bought bitcoin on easycrypto two hours ago and it still says unpaid on easy crypto so hasn't got that payment yet but its clear it went out of my bank account and the address expired within one hour. Any one have any answers. Thanks


texts: Since scriptSig is a signed transaction hash with the spender's private key, how is the scriptsig different for each input?


texts: Full example data for scrypt Stratum-client

texts:
I'm trying to write a Mining client for Scrypt-based mining using Stratum Communication.
As of now, I have some trouble verifying all my bit orders and sequences. Hashes I'm generating get always rejected due to not meeting the Target.

What I'm looking for is a full sequence of data, starting from the information I get from the stratum server (coinbases, merkles,...) to a final hash.

I could already verify parts of the algorithm (mainly from input to a valid merkle-root, using the information of http://mining.bitcoin.cz/stratum-mining/ , and a scrypt hashing, using the block header from https://litecoin.info/Scrypt ), but I guess there is some endian problem in between, or something completely different, I don't know... With a full workflow I could verify where the error happens.

Does anyone know where to get such data, or how to generate them for myself?


texts: How Bitcoin system prevents the previous owner of a Bitcoin to spend it?

texts:
I am a Bitcoin noob.

As per my knowledge, a Bitcoin is a digital signature.
Owner of a bitcoin knows the private key of it.

If I spend my bitcoin, I still know the private key of it, using which I can spend it later despite not owning it.

Surely there must be something in the system which prevents this. One idea which comes to my mind is modifying the Bitcoin's Digital signature in a way so that the only new owner has the new private key.

I might be stupid and my above query may be just BS. Please guide me in the right direction.


texts: What is Ardor and how is it different from NXT 1.x?

texts: Ardor was recently announced as the successor to NXT 1.0 with backwards compatibility to NXT 1.x . How is it different from NXT v1.x?


texts: Sending Bitcoins through Tor versus sending them through VPN

texts:
I bought a VPN subscription using Tor and Bitcoins. The commercial VPN service provider does not know who I am.

Below are my questions:

Could someone tell me whether sending Bitcoins through Tor provides more anonymity than sending them through my VPN service?
Is it true that sending Bitcoins through Tor is awfully slow?
What are the other advantages of sending Bitcoins via Tor?


texts: Delete Bitcoin Qt Mac: System folder inflated in size, although "Application Support/Bitcoin/" and app deleted

texts:
I downloaded Bitcoin Qt and the entire blockchain, now I'd like to delete it.

I followed instructions from various search results, which all instructed to delete the app and to delete all data (where the "data", the blockchain, is supposed to take up so much space) in ~/Library/Preferences/, ~/Library/Application Support/ and ~/Library/Caches/. This was the most comprehensive guide: https://uninstallmacapp.com/bitcoin-0-9-removal.html.

In ~/Library/Preferences/ & ~/Library/Caches/, I couldn't find any related data. In ~/Library/Application Support/, there was a "Bitcoin" folder (which was like 7gb in size according to right click->"Get Info"), which I moved to Trash (was emptied subsequently).

I'm sure that I chose only default options in the installation of Bitcoin Qt - no non-default directories were chosen.

Before Bitcoin Qt, under "Storage management", "System" took up like 30-50 gb. Now, it takes up 155 gb. The way I understand it, "Library" is basically my system directory. The "Library" directory, via "get info", shows a total size of 60 gb. However, in "Storage management" System is shown to occupy 155gb. I'm not sure how this makes sense. I have enabled to see all hidden files, so I'm also sure that I'm not overlooking something too obvious.

Rebooting my mac also doesn't help.

Do you have any clue where the blockchain from Bitcoin Qt could sit, so I can delete it and free up the space?

I use a MacBook Pro Early 2015, macOS High Sierra, Version 10.13.6


texts: How exactly is Ripple decentralized when OpenCoin has so much XRP?

texts:
Let us assume in a best case scenario, the Ripple system gets opensourced this year and the 50 billion XRP are distributed fairly to many people in the world.

One of the reasons of having XRP currency is to prevent spam and provide safety to the Ripple network from abusing.

OpenCoin has about 50 billion XRP or even 30 billion XRP without the founders count. So they can technically use their massive XRP to harm the system if they need to. I have not reviewed how many different and harmful ways one can abuse the Ripple network if they have too many ripples.

Why does any single entity needs to have such amount of power over the network? Technically, for us to trust Ripple, we need to trust the OpenCoin entity forever. Even if OpenCoin people are good, what if their accounts got hacked and the XRP is with malicious people?


texts:
A number of questions on this site ask whether it's possible to make money mining bitcoins and the expected profits.  However, I'd like to know if there are real-life stories of people becoming wealthy solely from mining bitcoins.

It seems like mining bitcoins is, at best, a hobby that cannot make someone wealthy.


texts: How to get bitcoin Unconfirmed Transactions

texts:
I want to built a platform for mining bitcoin.
So i want to know how to get all performed transactions for bitcoin and also all unconfirmed transaction like (blockchain.info).


texts: How to preserve anonymity within Ripple?

texts:
The common practice for cryptocoins like Bitcoin is to limit address reuse to preserve anonymity. This is achieved by sending the "change" of a transaction to another address and using a unused address for every transaction. (Research showed that even when best practices are used identities could be derived but that's not the point here).

The Ripple wiki documents something about an Account Familiy which seems comparable with Bitcoins deterministic wallets as decribed in BIP0032. However the Ripple system requires a fee for account-activation.

When using an account family how does one activate such account and how does (I presume) rippled know that an account from a family is activated?


texts: How do you import an xprv using descriptors and importmulti?

texts:
I have figured out how to import an xpub, but when i use getdescriptorinfo on an xprv:

getdescriptorinfo "wpkh(xprvA1Gpa5TRogN9eRoBFZLAEKjfvxzXTZpNpuJ9WXvTsRT3ZoW1EFnrAXji4aYPAktDc5ZYgAcS8XH5npiUdVztxdyrig2rZvNsrTEbhz1x2KQ/*)"

it returns

{
  "descriptor": "wpkh(xpub6EGAyazKe3vSruseMasAbTgQUzq1s2YEC8DkJvL5Rkz2Sbq9mo76iL4Buq1opb9EeNfB2DzqeCuuDMcpx2ZTkcJdnp24Sa8Qo7CgwfbGrD1/*)#2p7j3v7x",
  "isrange": true,
  "issolvable": true,
  "hasprivatekeys": true
}

The descriptor is an xpub? Why? It sees that the key has private keys. If I use this descriptor with importmulti and specify a range will it import the private keys and addresses? I was expecting getdescriptorinfo to return an xprv. If this is not how you import an xprv then how do you?


texts: Bittrex API, generating a wallet address for XRP returns a tag but no address

texts:
So I'm trying to generate an address to send XRP to Bittrex via their API. They return the JSON as such:

{"Currency"=>"XRP", "Address"=>"2705xxxxx"}

Do I just use the tag given and assume the actual XRP address will always be the same?

Am I not allowed to make multiple "destination" addresses? Say I want to send 100XRP from A->B (on Bittrex) and then another amount say 250XRP from C->D (on Bittrex).

Thank you!


texts:
I followed this instructions https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/doc/gitian-building.md
but on this step: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/doc/gitian-building.md#setting-up-the-gitian-image
i have got an error:

  cp: cannot stat
  ‘base-trusty-amd64-bootstrap/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lxc/lxc-init’:
  No such file or directory debian@debian:~/gitian-builder$

How to fix it?


texts:
I am trying to connect two local regtest nodes together. I am able to run one regtest node without any issues, and am also able to run the bitcoin-cli commands such as generate to create my own chain, however when I try to start a new node, I'm not able to connect them. This is what I do (sorry if there is a clear mistake).

Run node 1
./src/bitcoind -regtest -port=8333 -rpcport=8332 -datadir=/Documents/node1data -conf=Bitcoin/bitcoin.conf

Run node 2
./src/bitcoind -regtest -port=8330 -rpcport=8331 -datadir=/Documents/node2data -conf=/Bitcoin/bitcoin.conf

By now I seem to have two different chains, generating blocks on one node doesn't change the number of blocks in the other node. I would like to have these two nodes share a chain so that mining a block in one of the nodes updates the chain on both of them. However when I try to connect them using the following command:

./src/bitcoin-cli -regtest -port=8333 -rpcport=8332 -rpcuser=user -rpcpassword=password addnode "http://127.0.0.1:18332" "add"

The rpc call to addnode displays no errors and if I run it again I get: "Error: Node already added"

After this call, the command

./src/bitcoin-cli -regtest -port=8333 -rpcport=8332 -rpcuser=user -rpcpassword=password getconnectioncount

returns 0...

So, I see a lot of people using software such as dockers, etc. Why is this not working? Am I completely mistaken to think this could work, if so I would love to know where I'm failing. Ultimately, how can I achieve to have two or three nodes connected to each other?

Thanks in advance to anyone who reads my question.


texts: What motherboard should I use for alt coins mining?

texts:
I want motherboard with 6 PCI-e slot.

Where can I get that?


texts: Why can't a 51% attack change past blocks on the blockchain?

texts:
I have read that it is not possible to reverse transactions already added to the blockchain but I do not understand why that is not possible in a 51% attack.
If an attacker was to change the information of a past transaction, the hash of that transaction would change. This would result in a different Merkle root for that specific block. Since the attacker controls 51% of the hash rate, he would have enough computational power to find the new Merkle Root and the nonce this new block in order to produce a valid proof of work. Then the minder could broadcast the proof of work and approve it himself since he controls the majority of the network. In that way he could change the contents of a past block.
My logic above is definitely flawed somehow. Could someone please explain why a 51% attack cannot change past transactions?
Does the digital signature somehow play a role in this? If yes how?


texts: Besides greater probablity of discovery, are there other **significant** optimizations a of mining pool?

texts: Besides the benefit of increased attempts, are there any other significant, measurable optimizations that mining pools provide? I'm referring to intrinsic functions such as non-duplication of failed "hashes" (assuming this is actually an implemented feature) that is a direct yield of mining hardware/software working in concert, not mining farm benefits such as economies of scale savings (i.e. group discounts on energy).


texts:
As far as I have understood, Bitcoin is the Internet of money, using blockchain technology that is open, transnational, neutral, censorship resistant and there is no third-party controlling the network.

As far as I have also understood, altcoins usually always have founders, they have developer teams, they are basically closed, private, non-neutral, non-censorship resistant networks with a trusted third-party. Please, correct me if I am wrong.

So, my question is: Are altcoins private companies with private interest to make as much money as possible? Or have I understood something fundamentally wrong? I have tried to Google the answer to this question but I can't find anything. I hope someone could enlighten me a little bit on this issue.


texts: Does an unopened encrypted Electrum wallet relay its addresses/transactions to nodes?

texts:
I have Electrum 3.1.3 (windows) installed with an encrypted wallet, which is accessed over a VPN.

The Issue:

I accidentally opened the Electrum program without VPN protection, but the encrypted wallet (default_wallet) wasn't opened (i.e. I didn't enter the wallet password to open it).

So, is there a chance that the wallet addresses got relayed to electrum nodes with my non-VPN ip-address and in turn got compromised?

Reason for the question

When the Electrum program was clicked open, a lot of network packets were send & received, even though the wallet wasn't open.


texts: How are messages exactly sent in bitcoin p2p protocol

texts:
In order to send a NetMsgType::PING message to a node pnode, we simply invoke the function pnode->PushMessage(NetMsgType::PING) in src/main.cpp

This translates into following logic in src/net.h:

void PushMessage(const char* pszCommand)
{
    try
    {
        BeginMessage(pszCommand);
        EndMessage(pszCommand);
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        AbortMessage();
        throw;
    }
}

If we look carefully, the BeginMessage and EndMessage are just for acquiring and releasing the lock. Where exactly is the PING getting passed to the other node? I think the working is similar for other message types but the overloaded function PushMessage may use a Datastream which I guess does the passing to requested node. But I am particularly clueless about cases like NetMsgType::GETADDR, NetMsgType::VERACK and old version without nonce of NetMsgType::PING where there is only the command string pszCommand being passed


texts: I withdrew my BTC coins to a NEO wallet Did i lose my coins? How can i recover them?

texts:
After a long corrospondance with Bittrex support staff i was given the following information.

"If you have sent BTC to a NEO address, these wallets have addresses that validate to each other, but the wallets are not compatible for receiving coins. You'll need to research how to remove a private key from a NEO address and import it into a BTC wallet to recover these coins. You may want to contact someone from the NEO community for help.  We can be of no further assistance on this issue."

How can i reverse this?


texts: Are unspent UTXO's on Bitcoin from before the AUG 2017 BCH fork at risk to a replay attack?

texts: Is it true that any UTXO's that are unspent prefork of BCH AUG 2017, has a risk of a replay attack? Say I have 1 BTC in my wallet which has never moved since 2016. Now I load that private key into BCH wallet and now I have 1 BCH. I make a transaction on BCH to a vendor, but now he takes that same transaction and broadcasts it on BTC chain. Now I lost my BTC too. Is this correct?


texts: Can you specify Antminer overclock settings in bfgminer config file?

texts:
I've just started upgrading my USB miners with Antminer U2's and so far everything is running well.  I am able to run all of my miners OC'd to 2.0GH/s with the following command:

bfgminer --set-device antminer:clock=x0981 -o POOL_URL -u POOL_USERNAME -p POOL_PASSWORD -S antminer:all

However I would like to know if it is possible to specify these overclock settings in a config file... I normally have a config file with various options set up that I load using bfgminer's -c flag.  I tried the obvious:

...
"shares" : "0",
"kernel-path" : "/usr/local/share/bfgminer",
"scan" : [
        "antminer:clock=x0781@/dev/ttyUSB0",
        "antminer:clock=x0781@/dev/ttyUSB1",
        "antminer:clock=x0781@/dev/ttyUSB2",
        "antminer:clock=x0781@/dev/ttyUSB3",
        "antminer:clock=x0781@/dev/ttyUSB4"
]
}

but unfortunately that didn't work.  Also my attempts at googling
I found plenty of examples of people setting overclocking using the command line (or batch files) but none using a config file.


texts: How does having a large mempool and allowing a greater transaction ancestry set change the interaction with your peers?

texts: Bitcoin Core by default allows up to 300 MiB of mempool data, and restricts unconfirmed transaction trees to an ancestry set of at most 25 transactions and 101 kvB of transaction data. Since these are config values, you can obviously use other values than these. How does this change your node's interaction with its peers? Do peers send data that exceeds your node's preferences and your node drops that data upon arrival or does your node inform its peers what to send? Is this the same for mempool data generally and unconfirmed chains specifically? If you allow more data via higher values, does your node forward previously unacceptable data to its peers once their backlog clears enough for the data to be accepted by them?


texts:
I need a wallet that have api for currency transfer like block.io api. But because block.io only supports 3 currencies, it is not suitable for my project
There is another wallet for my work? (Only transfer currency with api And support for more currencies)


texts: Recognize Bitcoin address from block hash, and transaction hash

texts:
I'm building a block explorer using blockchain.info and their API
https://github.com/blockchain/api-v1-client-php/blob/master/docs/blockexplorer.md

but what I don't understand is, what is the best way to recognize if the user is searching for an address or a block hash, or what ever.
how do the other block explorers do that?
They allow to search for all of those in the same search box.

Thanks for any help !


texts: Dogecoin wallet console use full commands?

texts:
I am looking for a list with Dogecoin wallet commands that I can run into linux terminal.

The interface seems useful, my pretty basic. For example, how can I check which is my wallet version?

This question is referring only Dogecoin  console commands if existing.