Question: What is the meaning of the Arabic word 'Hezbollah', the Shi'ite Muslim group?

The Hezbollah External Security Organization

hizballah s external security organisation

hezbollah external security organization

Hizballah's External Security Organisation

Hezbollah External Security Organisation

hizbula moslem religion social and terror organization

hezbollah external security organisation

Hizbula - Moslem religion social and terror organization

Hezbollah

Hezbollah Hezbollah (pronounced ; ', literally "Party of Allah" or "Party of God")—also transliterated Hizbullah, Hizballah"', etc.—is a Shi'a Islamist political party and militant group based in Lebanon. Hezbollah's paramilitary wing is the Jihad Council, and its political wing is Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc party in the Lebanese parliament. Since the death of Abbas al-Musawi in 1992, the group has been headed by Hassan Nasrallah, its Secretary-General. The group is considered a terrorist organization by the United States, Israel, Canada, the Arab League, the Gulf Cooperation Council, along with its military wing by the United Kingdom, Australia and the

Shia Islam

influential group among Shia. The word "Shia" ( ' ) means followers and is the short form of the historic phrase ' ( ), meaning "followers of Ali", "faction of Ali", or "party of Ali". "Shi'a" and "Shiism" are the forms used in English, while "Shi'ite" or "Shiite", as well as "Shia", refer to its adherents. The term for the first time was used at the time of Muhammad. At present, the word refers to the Muslims who believe that the leadership of the community after Muhammad belongs to Ali and his successors. Nawbakhti states that the term Shia refers

Hezbollah (Iran)

Hezbollah (Iran) Hezbollah () is an Iranian movement formed at the time of the Iranian Revolution to assist the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his forces in consolidating power. References in the media or writing are usually made to members of the group—or Hezbollahi—rather than Hezbollah, as Hezbollah is/was not a tightly structured independent organisation, but more a movement of loosely bound groups, usually centered on a mosque. Hezbollahi are said to "generally act without meaningful police restraint or fear of persecution," and initially attacked demonstrations and offices of newspapers that were critical of the Ayatollah Khomeini. They are said to

Hezbollah foreign relations

out that al-Qaeda's Sunni ideology is fundamentally incompatible with Hezbollah's relatively liberal brand of Shia Islam; in fact, some Wahhabi leaders and Al-Qaeda members consider Hezbollah to be apostate. There is a Fatwa issued several years ago by Abdullah Ibn Jibreen, a former member of Saudi Arabia's Council of Senior Ulema, which describes Hezbollah as "rafidhi" – a derogatory term for Shiites used by some Sunni fanatics. Even during 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict it was cited by some hardline Sunni Muslim clerics and others writing on Islamist website. Al-Qaeda has demonstrated its distaste for Shi'as in suicide bombings and attacks on

Popular Mobilization Forces

situation of the Popular Mobilization fighters," giving them ranks and salaries equivalent to other branches of the Iraqi military. Also, the factions had its own flags. With regard to the official native name, the Arabic word ("al-shaabi") translates as "people's" or "popular", as referred to the people; the Arabic word ("al-hashd") translates as "mobilization", as in the group of people mobilized rather than the process of mobilization. In other contexts, "al-hashd" may translate as other terms such as "crowd", "horde", "throng", "gathering", or "mob". The original seven constituent militias (Badr Organization, Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq, Kata'ib Hezbollah, Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada, Harakat

Hezbollah

Flag of Hezbollah

Flag of Hezbollah

The flag of Hezbollah is the flag of the Shi'a political and military organization Hezbollah. The flag depicts a stylized representation of the Arabic words ("ḥizbu-llāh," meaning "Party of God") in Kufic script. The first letter of "Allah" reaches up to grasp a stylized assault rifle. The flag incorporates several other symbols, namely a globe, a book, a sword, and a seven-leafed branch. The text above the logo reads ("fa-inna ḥizba llāhi humu al-ġālibūna") and means "Then surely the party of God are they that shall be triumphant" (Quran 5:56), which is a reference to the name of the party. Underneath the logo are the words ("al-muqāwamah al-islāmīyah fī lubnān)", meaning "The Islamic Resistance in Lebanon".

Lebanese Shia Muslims

Lebanese Shia Muslims

Lebanese Shia Muslims (), historically known as matāwila (, plural of "mutawālin" [Lebanese pronounced as "metouali"]) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Shia branch of Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role along Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects. Shia Islam in Lebanon has a history of more than a millennium. According to the "CIA World Factbook", Shia Muslims constituted an estimated 28% of Lebanon's population in 2018.

Most of its adherents live in the northern and western area of the Beqaa Valley, Southern Lebanon and Beirut. The great majority of Shia Muslims in Lebanon are Twelvers. However, a small minority of them are Alawites and Ismaili.

Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, Shias are the only sect eligible for the post of Speaker of Parliament.

Amal Movement

Amal Movement

The Amal Movement () is a Lebanese political party and former militia affiliated with the Shia community. Founded by Musa Al-Sadr, Cheikh Mohamad Yaacoub, and Hussein el Husseini in 1974, the party has been led by Nabih Berri since 1980.

Founded by Musa al-Sadr and Hussein el Husseini as the "Movement of the Dispossessed" in 1974, the Amal movement gained attention from Shia outcry after the disappearance of Musa al-Sadr and saw a renewal in popularity after Israel's invasion of Lebanon in 1978. The Iranian Revolution of 1978–79 also provided momentum for the party. The Amal Movement is, by a small margin, the largest Shia party in parliament, having fourteen representatives to Hezbollah's thirteen. Amal has an alliance with Hezbollah.

Popular Mobilization Forces

Popular Mobilization Forces

The Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) ( "al-Ḥashd ash-Shaʿbī"), also known as the People's Mobilization Committee (PMC) and the Popular Mobilization Units (PMU), is an Iraqi state-sponsored umbrella organization composed of approximately 67 different armed factions, with around 128,000 fighters that are mostly Shia Muslim groups, but also include Sunni Muslim, Christian, and Yazidi groups. However, an investigation led by Former Prime Minister of Iraq, Haider al-Abadi revealed that approximately 60,000 are real soldiers, while the others 70,000 are "Ghost soldiers". The Popular Mobilization Units as a group was formed in 2014 and have fought in nearly every major battle against ISIL. It has been called the new Iraqi Republican Guard after it was fully reorganized in early 2018 by its then–Commander in Chief Haider al-Abadi, Prime Minister of Iraq from 2014 to 2018, who issued "regulations to adapt the situation of the Popular Mobilization fighters". Some of its component militias are considered terrorist groups by some states, while others have been accused of sectarian violence. During the 2019–2021 Iraqi protests, the organisation was accused of killing and wounding large numbers of protesters and activists.

Hezbollah (Iran)

black and white Palestinian-style "chafiye" is commonly worn. A beard or three-day growth is almost always worn. Hezbollah (Iran) Hezbollah () is an Iranian movement formed at the time of the Iranian Revolution to assist the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his forces in consolidating power. References in the media or writing are usually made to members of the group—or Hezbollahi—rather than Hezbollah, as Hezbollah is/was not a tightly structured independent organisation, but more a movement of loosely bound groups, usually centered on a mosque. Hezbollahi are said to "generally act without meaningful police restraint or fear of persecution," and initially

History of Hezbollah

states that it was formed by supporters of Sheikh Ragheb Harb, a leader of the southern Shia resistance killed by Israel in 1984. Regardless of when the name came into official use, a number of Shi'a groups were slowly assimilated into the organization, such as Islamic Jihad, Organization of the Oppressed on Earth and the Revolutionary Justice Organization. These designations are considered to be synonymous with Hezbollah by the US, Israel and Canada. The organization developed in a milieu, which included the Iranian revolution in 1979, oppression of Shias by Sunnis and Christians in Lebanon, and Israel's invasion of Lebanon

Kata'ib Hezbollah

Kata'ib Hezbollah Kata'ib Hezbollah (, Brigades of the Party of God) or Hezbollah Brigades is an Iraqi Shia paramilitary group that is supported by Iran. It has been active in the ongoing Iraqi Civil War and the Syrian Civil War. During the Iraq War, the group fought against American invasion forces. The group's structure is secretive, but Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, an adviser to Iran's Quds Force and former Badr Organization member, is known to be a senior figure in the group. The group receives training and funding from the Quds Force. The US State department also claimed Lebanon-based Hezbollah provided

Hezbollah

to gather all Muslims in the concept of ummah; then Lebanon would continue the 1979 Revolution of Iran. It also declared it would protect all Lebanese communities except the ones which collaborated with Israel, and supported all national movements—Muslim or non-Muslim—throughout the world. The Ideology has been changed, and today Hezbollah is a left-wing political entity focused on social injustice. The ideology of Hezbollah has been summarized as Shi'i radicalism; Hezbollah follows the Islamic Shi'a theology developed by Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Hezbollah was largely formed with the aid of the Ayatollah Khomeini's followers in the early 1980s in

Hezbollah

Hezbollah as a terrorist group. Following the 2012 Presidential elections the new government recognized Hezbollah as a "real political and military force" in Lebanon. The Egyptian ambassador to Lebanon, Ashraf Hamdy, stated that "Resistance in the sense of defending Lebanese territory ... That's their primary role. We ... think that as a resistance movement they have done a good job to keep on defending Lebanese territory and trying to regain land occupied by Israel is legal and legitimate." During the Bahraini uprising, Bahrain foreign minister Khalid ibn Ahmad Al Khalifah labeled Hezbollah a terrorist group and accused them of supporting

Hezbollah Movement in Iraq

Hezbollah Movement in Iraq The Hezbollah Movement in Iraq () is a Shi'a Islamist, Iraqi political party that is part of the United Iraqi Alliance coalition. It is not affiliated with the Lebanese group Hezbollah or other groups using the name. "Hezbollah", or more literally "Hizb Allah" (حزب الله), means "Party of God" in Arabic. The party publishes the "Al-Bayyna" newspaper and is led by Hassan Al-Sari. Hezbollah originated as an underground anti-Saddam network. Unlike other anti-Saddam groups it remained based in Iraq, not setting up shop in Iran or the West. The party is closely aligned to the Islamic

Hezbollah

were followers of Ayatollah Khomeini, and its forces were trained and organized by a contingent of 1,500 Revolutionary Guards that arrived from Iran with permission from the Syrian government, which was in occupation of Lebanon at the time. Scholars differ as to when Hezbollah came to be a distinct entity. Various sources list the official formation of the group as early as 1982 whereas Diaz and Newman maintain that Hezbollah remained an amalgamation of various violent Shi'a extremists until as late as 1985. Another version states that it was formed by supporters of Sheikh Ragheb Harb, a leader of the

Hezbollah

embedded in the Lebanese society. Hezbollah along with Amal is one of two major political parties in Lebanon that represent Shiite Muslims. Unlike Amal, whose support is predominantly in the south of the country, Hezbollah maintains broad-based support in all three areas of Lebanon with a majority Shia Muslim population: in the south, in Beirut and its surrounding area, and in the northern Beqaa valley and Hirmil region. It holds 14 of the 128 seats in the Parliament of Lebanon and is a member of the Resistance and Development Bloc. According to Daniel L. Byman, it's "the most powerful single

Hezbollah

Hezbollah's status as a legitimate political party, a terrorist group, a resistance movement, or some combination thereof is a contentious issue. There is a "wide difference" between American and Arab perception of Hezbollah. Several Western countries officially classify Hezbollah or its external security wing as a terrorist organization, and some of their violent acts have been described as terrorist attacks. However, throughout most of the Arab and Muslim worlds, Hezbollah is referred to as a resistance movement, engaged in national defense. Even within Lebanon, sometimes Hezbollah's status as either a "militia" or "national resistance" has been contentious. In Lebanon, although

Islamic terrorism

has grown to an organization with seats in the Lebanese government, a radio and a satellite television-station, and programs for social development. They maintain strong support among Lebanon's Shi'a population, and gained a surge of support from Lebanon's broader population (Sunni, Christian, Druze) immediately following the 2006 Lebanon War, and are able to mobilize demonstrations of hundreds of thousands. Hezbollah along with some other groups began the 2006–2008 Lebanese political protests in opposition to the government of Prime Minister Fouad Siniora. A later dispute over Hezbollah preservation of its telecoms network led to clashes and Hezbollah-led opposition fighters seized control

Hezbollah (Iran)

of Hezbollahi is said to be "essentially the same group of persons" who surrounded prominent members of the ulama during the Qajar dynasty, and "who would take to the street and create agitation when it suited the ulama to call them out." These were known as town toughs or "luti." The Hezbollahi do not wear uniforms, but are said to be recognizable to Iranians by a familiar "look" that ignores fashion and in particular Western fashion. Hezbollahi favor simple, non-fashionable, collared shirts that are never tucked into their pants; plain slacks (never jeans), and plain black shoes or slippers. A

Hezbollah

a terrorist organization. In 2006, Hezbollah was regarded as a legitimate resistance movement throughout most of the Arab and Muslim world. Furthermore, most of the Sunni Arab world sees Hezbollah as an agent of Iranian influence, and therefore, would like to see their power in Lebanon diminished. Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia have condemned Hezbollah's actions, saying that "the Arabs and Muslims can't afford to allow an irresponsible and adventurous organization like Hezbollah to drag the region to war" and calling it "dangerous adventurism", After an alleged 2009 Hezbollah plot in Egypt, the Egyptian regime of Hosni Mubarak officially classified

Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba

Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba (HHN; "Ḥaraka Ḥizballāh an-Nujabā’", "Movement of the Party of God's Nobles") is an Iraqi Shi'ite paramilitary group. The group take its name from a speech by Zaynab bint Ali, an early Islamic Shia holy figure who is believed to have said the following after she was taken to the court of the Ummayad caliph Yazid I, as a prisoner following the Battle of Karbala: "It's a wonder and the greatest one that the nobles of the party of God are murdered by the freed slaves of the Party of Satan" The group has its

Hezbollah

not universally well-liked, Hezbollah is widely seen as a legitimate national resistance organization defending Lebanon, and actually described by Lebanese information minister as an important ally in fighting terrorist groups. In Arab world, Hezbollah is generally seen either as a destabilizing force that functions as Iran's pawn by rentier states like Egypt and Saudi Arabia, or as a popular sociopolitical guerilla movement that exemplifies strong leadership, meaningful political action, and a commitment to social justice. The United Nations Security Council never listed Hezbollah as a terrorist organization under its sanctions list although its members listed it on an individual basis:

Hezbollah (Iran)

in any town "to surround themselves with a band of the town's ruffians, known as "lutis", to their mutual benefit". The ulama had "a ready band" to take to the street to oppose what the ulama opposed, while "the lutis in turn had a protector with whom they could take refuge if the government moved against them." The Hezbollahi which appeared after the Islamic revolution, according to Momen, were "in fact only an new name for the street roughs who had always had a close relationahip with the ulama." The name Hezbollah, or party of Allah, is generic, coming from


Question: What was the stage name of Margarita Carmen Cansino a star of 1940 musicals?

margarita carmen cansino
Rita Welles
Rita Heyworth
Rita Cancino
rita hayworth
margarita cansino
rita welles
Rita hayworth
Rita Hayworth
Margarita Cansino
rita heyworth
rita cancino
Margarita Carmen Cansino

Eduardo Cansino

Hollywood, Margarita Carmen Cansino took her mother's maiden name as her professional surname, becoming Rita Hayworth. Eduardo Cansino Sr. died in Pompano Beach, Florida, in 1968, aged 73, and is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale). Eduardo Cansino Eduardo Cansino Reina (March 2, 1895 – December 24, 1968) was a Spanish-born American dancer and actor, and the father of actress Rita Hayworth. Eduardo Cansino was born on March 2, 1895, in Castilleja de la Cuesta, Andalusia, Spain. His sister, Elisa, was also a dancer. He emigrated to the United States and joined the Ziegfeld Follies. In 1917 he married

Rita Hayworth

Rita Hayworth Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer. She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years. The press coined the term "The Love Goddess" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s. She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II. Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, "Gilda", opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the "femme

Rita Hayworth

helped to increase public and private funding for Alzheimer's research. Hayworth was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1918 as Margarita Carmen Cansino, the oldest child of two dancers. Her father, Eduardo Cansino, was from Castilleja de la Cuesta, a little town near Seville, Spain. Her mother, Volga Hayworth, was an American of Irish-English descent who had performed with the Ziegfeld Follies. The couple married in 1917. They also had two sons: Eduardo Jr. and Vernon. Her maternal uncle Vinton Hayworth was also an actor. Margarita's father wanted her to become a professional dancer, while her mother hoped she would

Rita Hayworth

Cansino (Hayworth) took a bit part in the film "Cruz Diablo" (1934) at age 16, which led to another bit part in the film "In Caliente" (1935) with the Mexican actress Dolores del Río. She danced with her father in such nightspots as the Foreign and the Caliente clubs. Winfield Sheehan, the head of the Fox Film Corporation, saw her dancing at the Caliente Club and quickly arranged for Hayworth to do a screen test a week later. Impressed by her screen persona, Sheehan signed her for a short-term, six-month contract at Fox, under the name Rita Cansino, the first

Eduardo Cansino

Eduardo Cansino Eduardo Cansino Reina (March 2, 1895 – December 24, 1968) was a Spanish-born American dancer and actor, and the father of actress Rita Hayworth. Eduardo Cansino was born on March 2, 1895, in Castilleja de la Cuesta, Andalusia, Spain. His sister, Elisa, was also a dancer. He emigrated to the United States and joined the Ziegfeld Follies. In 1917 he married Volga Hayworth, his partner in the Follies. They had three children: Margarita Carmen, Eduardo Jr. (October 13, 1919 – March 11, 1974), and Vernon (May 21, 1922 – March 23, 1974). After she began making films in

Rita Hayworth

Rita Hayworth

Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress, dancer and producer. She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in 61 films over 37 years. The press coined the term "The Love Goddess" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s. She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.

Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir "Gilda", opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the "femme fatale" in her first major dramatic role. She is also known for her performances in "Only Angels Have Wings" (1939), "The Strawberry Blonde" (1941), "Blood and Sand" (1941), "The Lady from Shanghai" (1947), "Pal Joey" (1957), and "Separate Tables" (1958). Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, "You'll Never Get Rich" (1941) and "You Were Never Lovelier" (1942), once called her his favorite dance partner. She also starred in the Technicolor musical "Cover Girl" (1944), with Gene Kelly. She is listed as one of the top 25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institute's survey, AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars.

In 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer's disease, which contributed to her death in 1987 at age 68. The public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimer's, and helped to increase public and private funding for research into the disease.

Rita Moreno

Rita Moreno

Rita Moreno (born Rosa Dolores Alverío Marcano; December 11, 1931) is a Puerto Rican actress, dancer, and singer. Noted for her work across different areas of the entertainment industry, she has appeared in numerous film, television, and theater projects throughout her extensive career spanning over seven decades.

Her work includes supporting roles in the classic musical films "Singin' in the Rain" (1952), "The King and I" (1956), and the 1961 and 2021 film adaptations of "West Side Story". Her other notable films include "Popi" (1969), "Carnal Knowledge" (1971), "The Four Seasons" (1981), "I Like It Like That" (1994) and the cult film "Slums of Beverly Hills" (1998). She is also known for her work on television including the children's television series "The Electric Company" (1971–1977), and as Sister Peter Marie Reimondo on the HBO series "Oz" (1997–2003). She voiced the titular role of in "Where on Earth Is Carmen Sandiego?" from 1994 to 1999. She also gained acclaim for her roles in "Jane the Virgin" (2015–2019) and the revival of Norman Lear's "One Day at a Time" (2017–2020). In theater, she is best known for her role as Googie Gomez in the 1975 musical "The Ritz".

Among her numerous accolades, Moreno is one of a few performers to have been awarded an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony (EGOT). She is also one of 24 people who have achieved what is called the Triple Crown of Acting, with individual competitive Academy, Emmy and Tony awards for acting. In 2004, she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, America's highest civilian honor bestowed upon her by George W. Bush. In 2009, President Barack Obama presented her with the National Medal of Arts. In 2013, she received the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award. In 2015, she was awarded a Kennedy Center Honor for her contribution to American culture through performing arts. She was awarded the Peabody Award in 2019. Her life was profiled in the 2021 documentary "".

Margo (actress)

Margo (actress)

Margo (born María Marguerita Guadalupe Teresa Estela Bolado Castilla y O'Donnell, May 10, 1917 – July 17, 1985) was a Mexican-American actress and dancer. She appeared in many American film, stage, and television productions, including "Lost Horizon" (1937), "The Leopard Man" (1943), "Viva Zapata!" (1952), and "I'll Cry Tomorrow" (1955). She married actor Eddie Albert in 1945 and was later known as Margo Albert.

Romani people in fiction

Romani people in fiction

Many fictional depictions of the Romani in literature and art present Romanticized narratives of their supposed mystical powers of fortune telling, and their supposed irascible or passionate temper paired with an indomitable love of freedom and a habit of criminality. Critics of how Romani people have been portrayed in popular culture point out similarities to portrayals of Jewish people, with both groups stereotyped negatively as wandering, spreading disease, abducting children, and violating and murdering others.

Romani people were portrayed in Victorian and modern British literature as having "sinister occult and criminal tendencies" and as associated with "thievery and cunning", and in English Renaissance and baroque theatre as incorporating "elements of outlandish charm and elements which depict [them] as the lowest of social outcasts," connected with "magic and charms," and "juggling and cozening." In opera, literature and music, throughout Europe, Romani women have been portrayed as provocative, sexually available, gaudy, exotic and mysterious. Hollywood and European movies, as well as popular music and other forms of pop culture, have promoted similar stereotypes.

Particularly notable representations of Romani people appear in classics like "Carmen" by Prosper Mérimée and adapted by Georges Bizet, Victor Hugo's "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" and Miguel de Cervantes' "La Gitanilla".
The Romani were also heavily romanticized in the Soviet Union, a classic example being the 1975 "Tabor ukhodit v Nebo".
A more realistic depiction of contemporary Romani in the Balkans, featuring Romani lay actors speaking in their native dialects, although still playing with established clichés of a Romani penchant for both magic and crime, was presented by Emir Kusturica in his "Time of the Gypsies" (1988) and "Black Cat, White Cat" (1998). Another realistic depiction of Romanies in Yugoslavia is "I Even Met Happy Gypsies" (1967).

List of foods named after people

List of foods named after people

This is a list of foods and dishes named after people.

Rita Hayworth

Harlow. During the Great Depression, he lost all his investments as commercial interest in his dancing classes waned. In 1931, Eduardo Cansino partnered with his 12-year-old daughter to form an act called the Dancing Cansinos. Since under California law Margarita was too young to work in nightclubs and bars, her father took her with him to work across the border in Tijuana, Mexico. In the early 1930s, it was a popular tourist spot for people from Los Angeles. Because she was working, Cansino never graduated from high school, but she completed the ninth grade at Hamilton High in Los Angeles.

Rani (1952 film)

and adapted as a Broadway (US) musical. Besides, it was made into a motion picture more than once. However, the most popular of them all is the 1948 version Loves of Carmen, directed by Charles Vidor, featuring the "Love Goddess" of Hollywood, Rita Hayworth (real name, Margarita Carmen Cansino) as the gypsy girl who destroys those falling in love with her. Another Hollywood star, Glenn Ford played her soldier lover. It became a cult film and is still remembered by movie buffs around the world. Music was composed by C. R. Subburaman assisted by D. C. Dutt who conducted the

Lina Romay (singer)

Beauty" (1944). Prior to singing with Cugat, she had sung with Horace Heidt's orchestra, when she was billed as Josette, a Frenchwoman. She was married to John Lawrence Adams and later was the third wife of Jay Gould III (son of Jay Gould II), whom she married on 30 June 1953. Doña Romay died, at age 91, on December 17, 2010, from natural causes at a hospital in Pasadena, California, U.S. - episode: Cookie in Cuba II (1957) ... Carmen<br> - episode: Cookie in Cuba (1957) ... Carmen - episode: The Duenna (1957) ... Carmelita Lina Romay (singer) Maria Elena

Jean Carmen

Jean Carmen Jean Carmen (April 7, 1913 – August 26, 1993), was an American film, stage, and radio actress of the 1930s. She also went by the stage name Julia Thayer. Born in Portland, Oregon on April 7, 1913, Carmen was selected as one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars in 1934, the last year they were named. She had a supporting role as The Rider in the 1937 Republic Pictures western serial "The Painted Stallion". She also worked in radio and on Broadway, in "Stage Door" and the original 1939 production of "The Man Who Came to Dinner" (as a

Rita Hayworth

Hall complex, where she was taught by her uncle Angel Cansino. Before her fifth birthday she was one of the Four Cansinos featured in the Broadway production of "The Greenwich Village Follies" at the Winter Garden Theatre. In 1926 at the age of eight, she was featured in "La Fiesta", a short film for Warner Bros. In 1927, her father took the family to Hollywood. He believed that dancing could be featured in the movies and that his family could be part of it. He established his own dance studio, where he taught such stars as James Cagney and Jean

Carmen Miranda filmography

and extravagant turban. In 1939 she became a star on Broadway, at the invitation of US show business impresario, Lee Shubert, and just two years later was under contract with the 20th Century-Fox studios in Hollywood. Her most memorable performances are in the musical numbers of films such as "Down Argentine Way" (1940), "Week-End in Havana" (1941), "That Night in Rio" (1941) and "The Gang's All Here" (1943). After World War II, Miranda's films at 20th Century Fox were made in black-and-white indicating her waning status at the studio. In 1946, she bought out her Fox contract for $75,000, she

Elvira Ríos

Emilio Azcárraga Vidaurreta, who immediately signed her for three daily 15-minute spots; this happened in 1936. She made her record debut singing "Pensaba que tu amor" and "Cachito de sol" with Lara. She made her debut in Mexican films singing "Noche de ronda" in "¡Esos hombres!" (released in 1937). Manuel Riachi, an assistant to Paramount Pictures producer Arthur Hornblow Jr., discovered her singing over XEW and took her to Hollywood to appear in the musical "Tropic Holiday", where she sang songs by Lara and played Tito Guízar's sister. She was then chosen to play a young Apache woman named Yakima

Margarita Xirgu

Bueno". In 1910 she married Josep Arnall. In 1911 Àngel Guimerà wrote “La reina jove” for her, and that year she created her own theater company. In 1912 a Buenos Aires businessman contracted her for working in South America. She starred in the early film version of Garcia Lorca's "Bodas de sangre", filmed in February–March 1938, the only film version of a Garcia Lorca play to star an actress who was a personal friend of the author and who had appeared in his works onstage. It is Ms. Xirgu's only sound film, and it has never been shown on American

Carmen Miranda

photograph of her and her name topping the cast list. Although she became synonymous with colorful fruit hats during her later career, she began wearing them only in 1939. Miranda appeared in the film "Banana-da-Terra" that year in a glamorous version of the traditional dress of a poor black girl in Bahia: a flowing dress and a fruit-hat turban. She sang "Diz Que Tem" which intended to empower a social class which was usually disparaged. Producer Lee Shubert offered Miranda an eight-week contract to perform in "The Streets of Paris" on Broadway after seeing her perform in 1939 at Rio’s

Jean Carmen

replacement for the role of June Stanley). Modern audiences will also remember Carmen as one of three gold diggers in the 1938 Three Stooges comedy "Healthy, Wealthy and Dumb". She should not be confused with another actress with a similar name, Jeanne Carmen, who was active in the 1950s and 1960s. Carmen died on August 26, 1993 in Charleston, South Carolina. Jean Carmen Jean Carmen (April 7, 1913 – August 26, 1993), was an American film, stage, and radio actress of the 1930s. She also went by the stage name Julia Thayer. Born in Portland, Oregon on April 7, 1913,

Sofía Álvarez (actress, born 1913)

Sofía Álvarez (actress, born 1913) Sofía Álvarez Caicedo (23 May 1913 – 30 April 1985) was a Colombian-Mexican actress and singer. She is best remembered for her work in the Golden Age of Mexican cinema. Born and raised in Colombia, she moved with her family to Mexico in 1928. Her film debut was a small part, in the role of a prostitute in "Santa" (1930), the first talkie of Mexican cinema. Popularly known as "the lady of the long braids", she enjoyed popularity during the 1930s and 1940s as an actress and singer. Subsequently she performed with Mario Moreno Cantinflas

Manolita Saval

Mexico in 1938. Over the course of her career, she appeared in over 30 films and television programs, as well as in plays, operettas, and operas. In a review of her film debut in "El capitán aventurero", the New York Times described her as "a new and charming Mexican actress." Manolita Saval Manolita Saval (5 February 1914 in Paris, France – 23 August 2001 in Mexico City, Mexico) was a Spanish actress and singer. She was born in Paris of Spanish parents and named 'Juana María Saval'. She was the mother of the actor Manuel Saval, and the niece of

Carmen Miranda

Sophie Diao commemorating the 108th anniversary of her birth. In "The House Across the Bay" (1940, produced by Walter Wanger and released by United Artists), Joan Bennett performed the Mirandaesque "Chula Chihuahua." "Babes on Broadway" (1941) finale opens with "Bombshell from Brazil", where Mickey Rooney (dressed as Miranda) sings "Mamãe Eu Quero". The finale of "Time Out for Rhythm" (1941) begins with the Three Stooges performing a rumba number; Curly Howard is dressed as Carmen Miranda. The United Fruit Company created a banana-woman character in 1944, Chiquita, whose fruit hat resembled Miranda's. In "Small Town Deb" (1942), Jane Withers does

Carmen Miranda

1 December 1941. The show was a hodgepodge of slapstick, songs, and skits; according to "New York Herald Tribune" theater critic Richard Watts, Jr., "In her eccentric and highly personalized fashion, Miss Miranda is by way of being an artist and her numbers give the show its one touch of distinction." On 1 June 1942, she left the production when her Shubert contract expired; meanwhile, she recorded for Decca Records. Miranda was encouraged by the US government as part of Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy, designed to strengthen ties with Latin America. It was believed that performers like her would give

Margarita Fischer

Margarita Fischer Margarita Fischer or Fisher (February 12, 1886 – March 11, 1975) was an American actress in silent motion pictures and stage productions. As a child performer, and later as an ingenue star of the stage, Fischer, from Missouri Valley, Iowa, was widely regarded in stock company groups of the Pacific Coast. Her father, John, was a noted minstrel. Fischer made her stage debut in Portland, Oregon, in the famous child role of "Adrienne" in "The Celebrated Case". Her rapidly growing popularity led to her father forming the Margarita Fischer Stock Company. The theatrical group toured up and down


Question: In medicine an emetic is administered to induce what?

Involuntary personal protein spill
boke slang
Throwing up
Chunder
Induce antiperistalsis
toss cookies
Vomiting feces
vomitting
hoark
Projectile vomiting
shouting groceries
Dry heaving
Hurf
Vommit
Boke (slang)
yakk
shouting out groceries
vommit
Organic output
organic output
screaming groceries
Technicolor yawn
fecal vomiting
dry heaving
Emesis
Vomitting
emetic
vomited
dry vomiting
screaming out groceries
blowing chunks
throw up
Barfing
Emetics
human vomit
Emetia
emesis
Vomiting
Screaming groceries
tactical chunder
Threw up
Dry vomit
dry puke
Excessive vomiting
Dry puke
upchucking
vomitive
abdominal voorheaves
Drive the porcelain bus
Tactical chunder
repulsive force biology
Pavement Pizza
Stercocaceous
Dry puking
stercoraceous vomiting
Emetologist
puked
Hoark
Worship the porcelain god
Vomitus
Fecal Vomiting
vomiting feces
Throw up
emetology
induce antiperistalsis
cheektowaga scream
Technicolor Yawn
copremesis
Hoarf
emetogenic
involuntary personal protein spill
vomit
technicolor yawn
ralphing
Abdominal voorheaves
worship porcelain god
stercocaceous
Shouting groceries
Fecal vomiting
Heccccchluuug
Psychadelic spit
barking groceries
puke
Puked
dry vomit
Ralphing
Cheektowaga scream
Throw Up
Copremesis
vomitus
chunder
Vomitive
Puker
Yakk
throwing up
pavement pizza
hoarf
Technicolor Yodel
Repulsive force (biology)
boak slang
anacathartic
Screaming out groceries
heaving
negative chug
dry puking
drive porcelain bus
Upchucking
Emetic
threw up
heccccchluuug
projectile vomiting
vomits
Toss cookies
barfing
Stercoraceous vomiting
Vomited
Antiperistalis
Vomits
emetics
emetia
Emetogenic
technicolor yodel
blow chunks
Puking
puking
emetologist
Emetology
excessive vomiting
Shouting out groceries
Vomit
antiperistalis
Anacathartic
Puke
hurf
Barking groceries
Human vomit
Blowing Chunks
Heaving
psychadelic spit
puker
Dry vomiting
vomiting
Boak (slang)
Negative chug
Blow chunks

Vomiting

the brain: Metabolic disturbances (these may irritate both the stomach and the parts of the brain that coordinate vomiting): Pregnancy: Drug reaction (vomiting may occur as an acute somatic response to): Illness (sometimes colloquially known as "stomach flu"—a broad name that refers to gastric inflammation caused by a range of viruses and bacteria): Psychiatric/behavioral An "emetic", such as syrup of ipecac, is a substance that induces vomiting when administered orally or by injection. An emetic is used medically when a substance has been ingested and must be expelled from the body immediately (for this reason, many toxic and easily digestible

Cancer and nausea

number of emetic stimuli (input) are received, processed and efferent signals (output) are generated as a response and sent to various effector organs or tissues, leading to processes that eventually end in vomiting. The detection of emetic stimuli, the central processing by the brain and the resulting response by organs and tissues that lead to nausea and vomiting are referred to as the emetic pathway or emetic arch. Some medical conditions that arise as a result of cancer or as a complication of its treatment are known to be associated with a high risk of nausea and/or vomiting. These include

Chemoreceptor trigger zone

that is known to interact with chemoreceptors in the CTZ that cause emesis. Oftentimes, doctors will "pre-treat" patients who might exhibit emetic responses due to drugs they prescribe them. Usually pain relieving drugs such as opioids are co-prescribed with anti-emetic drugs to stop the emetic response due to the pain reliever before it can even mediate its effects on the CTZ. This way, the patient does not have to worry about the doctors prescription to treat their pain causing them to be in severe discomfort via vomiting. Chemotherapy is a big cause of emesis, and often can cause severe and

Vomiting

products such as rat poison contain an emetic). Inducing vomiting can remove the substance before it is absorbed into the body. Ipecac abuse can cause detrimental health effects. Salt water and mustard water have been used since ancient times as emetics. Care must be taken with salt, as excessive intake can potentially be harmful. Copper sulfate was also used in the past as an emetic. It is now considered too toxic for this use. Hydrogen peroxide is used as an emetic in veterinary practice. It is quite common that, when one person vomits, others nearby become nauseated, particularly when smelling

Heroic medicine

extreme, draining significant volumes of blood and ordering intensive regimens of evacuation. It was not uncommon for physicians to strive to drain up to 80 percent of a patient's blood volume. Likewise, dramatic evacuations, both by pharmacological emetics and laxatives, induced the forceful removal of bodily fluid. Commonly used emetics include senna and tartar emetic. General intestinal cleansing was instigated by massive doses of calomel, to the point of acute mercury poisoning. Sweating was also induced using blisters of cantharidin and diaphoretic. Heroic medicine became less favoured with the rise of safer placebos such as hydrotherapy and homeopathy. Even during

Vomiting

Vomiting

Vomiting (also known as emesis and throwing up) is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.
Vomiting can be the result of ailments like food poisoning, gastroenteritis, pregnancy, motion sickness, or hangover; or it can be an after effect of diseases such as brain tumors, elevated intracranial pressure, or overexposure to ionizing radiation. The feeling that one is about to vomit is called nausea; it often precedes, but does not always lead to vomiting. Impairment due to alcohol or anesthesia can cause inhalation of vomit, leading to suffocation. In severe cases, where dehydration develops, intravenous fluid may be required. Antiemetics are sometimes necessary to suppress nausea and vomiting. Self-induced vomiting can be a component of an eating disorder such as bulimia, and is itself now classified as an eating disorder on its own, purging disorder.

Syrup of ipecac

Syrup of ipecac

Syrup of ipecac (), or simply ipecac, is a drug that was once widely used as an expectorant (in low doses) and a rapid-acting emetic (in higher doses). It is obtained from the dried rhizome and roots of the ipecacuanha plant ("Carapichea ipecacuanha"), from which it derives its name. It is no longer used in medicine.

In particular, the rapidly induced forceful vomiting produced by ipecac was considered for many years to be an important front-line treatment for orally ingested poisons. However, subsequent studies (including a comprehensive 2005 meta-study) revealed the stomach purging produced by ipecac to be far less effective at lowering total body poison concentrations than the adsorption effect of oral activated charcoal (which is effective through the entire gastrointestinal tract and is often coupled with whole bowel irrigation). Ipecac also presents a small risk of overdose (being a mild poison itself) and a major risk of esophagitis and aspiration pneumonia if used to purge corrosive poisons. Having long been replaced (even in the emetic role) by more effective medications, the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) now advises that "Ipecac syrup is no longer recommended for routine management of outpatient ingestions of medications or other chemicals."

Aversion therapy

Aversion therapy

Aversion therapy is a form of psychological treatment in which the patient is exposed to a stimulus while simultaneously being subjected to some form of discomfort. This conditioning is intended to cause the patient to associate the stimulus with unpleasant sensations with the intention of quelling the targeted (sometimes compulsive) behavior.

Aversion therapies can take many forms, for example: placing unpleasant-tasting substances on the fingernails to discourage nail-chewing; pairing the use of an emetic with the experience of alcohol; or pairing behavior with electric shocks of mild to higher intensities.

Aversion therapy, when used in a nonconsensual manner, is widely considered to be inhumane. At the Judge Rotenberg Educational Center, aversion therapy is used to perform behavior modification in students as part of the center's applied behavioral analysis program. The center has been condemned by the United Nations for torture.

Apomorphine

Apomorphine

Apomorphine, sold under the brand name Apokyn among others, is a type of aporphine having activity as a non-selective dopamine agonist which activates both D-like and, to a much lesser extent, D-like receptors. It also acts as an antagonist of 5-HT and α-adrenergic receptors with high affinity. The compound is historically a morphine decomposition product made by boiling morphine with concentrated acid, hence the "-morphine" suffix. Contrary to its name, apomorphine does not actually contain morphine or its skeleton, nor does it bind to opioid receptors. The "apo-" prefix relates to it being a morphine derivative ("[comes] from morphine").

Historically, apomorphine has been tried for a variety of uses, including as a way to relieve anxiety and craving in alcoholics, an emetic (to induce vomiting), for treating stereotypies (repeated behaviour) in farmyard animals, and more recently in treating erectile dysfunction. Currently, apomorphine is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It is a potent emetic and should not be administered without an antiemetic such as domperidone. The emetic properties of apomorphine are exploited in veterinary medicine to induce therapeutic emesis in canines that have recently ingested toxic or foreign substances.

Apomorphine was also used as a private treatment of heroin addiction, a purpose for which it was championed by the author William S. Burroughs. Burroughs and others claimed that it was a "metabolic regulator" with a restorative dimension to a damaged or dysfunctional dopaminergic system. Despite anecdotal evidence that this offers a plausible route to an abstinence-based mode, no clinical trials have ever tested this hypothesis. A recent study indicates that apomorphine might be a suitable marker for assessing central dopamine system alterations associated with chronic heroin consumption. There is, however, no clinical evidence that apomorphine is an effective and safe treatment regimen for opiate addiction.

Antiemetic

Antiemetic

An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness and the side effects of opioid analgesics, general anaesthetics, and chemotherapy directed against cancer. They may be used for severe cases of gastroenteritis, especially if the patient is dehydrated.

Some antiemetics previously thought to cause birth defects appear safe for use by pregnant women in the treatment of morning sickness and the more serious hyperemesis gravidarum.

Chemoreceptor trigger zone

CTZ, so that the emetic agent cannot bind to it to cause its emetic effects. Another way that antiemetic medications can work is by binding to a chemoreceptor in the CTZ, but instead of initiate vomiting, the medication can cause the receptors to send signals to the other parts of the vomiting center that inhibit emesis. Also, some anti-emetic medications work by lowering the amount of dopamine levels in the brain, which in turn effects how much dopamine comes in contact with dopamine receptors in the CTZ. Other antiemetic medications work similarly by lowering a different substance in the brain

Chemoreceptor trigger zone

in the brain. The emetic response was selected for protective purposes, and serves as a safeguard against poisoning of the body. This response gets toxins and drugs out of the body by summoning control over motor neurons which stimulate muscles in the chest and thoracic diaphragm to expel contents from the stomach. Since the CTZ is located in the area postrema, a sensory circumventricular organ, it does not have a blood–brain barrier. This means that large polar molecules, such as emetic toxins, can diffuse through to and reach the CTZ quite easily. This is because the medulla oblongata is located

Infusion therapy

have been achieved in recent years with the advent of pre-filled, ready-to-use, dose-specific products. Advanced aseptic presentation, with hermetically sealed containers, allows predictable sterility, ease of use, improved control, and lower total costs. Essentially, systematizing the delivery mechanism and standardizing the delivery container. Infusion therapy involves the administration of medication through a needle or catheter. Typically, "infusion therapy" means that a drug is administered intravenously or subcutaneously. The term may pertain where drugs are provided through other non-oral routes of administration, such as intramuscular injection and epidural administration (into the membranes surrounding the spinal cord). Until the 1980s, patients receiving

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

inhibitor aprepitant (Emend), which became available in 2005, is highly effective in controlling nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant has been shown to inhibit both the acute and delayed emesis induced by cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs by blocking substance P landing on receptors in the brains neurons. This has been proven by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies, which have demonstrated that aprepitant can penetrate the brain and NK receptors in the brain. It has also been shown to increase the activity of the 5-HT receptor antagonists ondansetron and the corticosteroid dexamethasone, which are also used to prevent nausea and

Chemoreceptor trigger zone

over-excitation resulting in neuron death. Once the damage has occurred, the effects can cause the emetic response to disappear, or cause the emetic response to heighten, in some cases causing intractable vomiting that leave patients in severe distress. In cases such as these, if the damage is severe enough, little can be done to inhibit an intractable vomiting response because the chemoreceptors in the CTZ are physically damaged or hindered in some way. Recently, it has been discovered that physical changes in the area postrema and CTZ do in fact cause emesis or inhibit it. Specifically, compression of blood vessels

Iontophoresis

agents can be artificially administered very near living and naturally functioning neurons, the activity of which can be simultaneously recorded. This is used to elucidate their pharmacological properties and natural roles. Therapeutically, electromotive drug administration (EMDA) delivers a medicine or other chemical through the skin. In a manner of speaking, it is an injection without a needle, and may be described as non-invasive. It is different from dermal patches, which do not rely on an electric field. It drives a charged substance, usually a medication or bioactive agent, transdermally by repulsive electromotive force, through the skin. A small electric current

Chemotactic drug-targeting

Chemotactic drug-targeting A special, reversal form of drug delivery where modulation of active migratory behaviour of the target cells is used to achieve targeted effects. The general components of the conjugates are designed as follows: (i) carrier – regularly possessing promoter effect also on internalization into the cell; (ii) chemotactically active ligands acting on the target cells; (iii) drug to be delivered in a selective way and (iv) spacer sequence which joins drug molecule to the carrier and due to it enzyme labile moiety makes possible the intracellular compartment specific release of the drug. Careful selection of chemotactic component of

Induced-charge electrokinetics

Induced-charge electrokinetics Induced-charge electrokinetics in physics is the electrically driven fluid flow and particle motion in a liquid electrolyte. Consider a metal particle (which is neutrally charged but electrically conducting) in contact with an aqueous solution in a chamber/channel. If different voltages apply to the end of this chamber/channel, electric field will generate in this chamber/channel. This applied electric field passes through this metal particle and causes the free charges inside the particle migrate under the skin of particle. As a result of this migration, the negative charges moves to the side which is close to the positive (or higher)

and helping to better manage these symptoms in a large portion of patients. Efficient mediation of these unpleasant and sometimes crippling symptoms results in increased quality of life for the patient, and better overall health of the patient, and, due to better patient tolerance, more effective treatment cycles. There are several subtypes of CINV. The classifications of nausea and vomiting are: Emesis is a defense mechanism controlled by the area postrema of the medulla oblongata. There are various sources of input to the vomiting center. Receptors on the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain represent the chemoreceptor trigger

Postoperative nausea and vomiting

Postoperative nausea and vomiting Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is an unpleasant complication affecting about a third of the 10% of the population undergoing general anaesthesia each year. Emetogenic drugs commonly used in anaesthesia include nitrous oxide, physostigmine and opioids. The intravenous anaesthetic propofol is currently the least emetogenic general anaesthetic. These medications are thought to stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ). This area is on the floor of the fourth ventricle and is effectively outside of the blood-brain barrier. This makes it incredibly sensitive to toxin and pharmacological stimulation. There are multiple neurotransmitters such as histamine, dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine,

Neuromodulation (medicine)

arthritis, and autoimmune disorders. Neuromodulation (medicine) Neuromodulation is "the alteration of nerve activity through targeted delivery of a stimulus, such as electrical stimulation or chemical agents, to specific neurological sites in the body". It is carried out to normalize – or modulate – nervous tissue function. Neuromodulation is an evolving therapy that can involve a range of electromagnetic stimuli such as a magnetic field (rTMS), an electric current, or a drug instilled directly in the subdural space (intrathecal drug delivery). Emerging applications involve targeted introduction of genes or gene regulators and light (optogenetics), and by 2014, these had been at

Neuromodulation (medicine)

Neuromodulation (medicine) Neuromodulation is "the alteration of nerve activity through targeted delivery of a stimulus, such as electrical stimulation or chemical agents, to specific neurological sites in the body". It is carried out to normalize – or modulate – nervous tissue function. Neuromodulation is an evolving therapy that can involve a range of electromagnetic stimuli such as a magnetic field (rTMS), an electric current, or a drug instilled directly in the subdural space (intrathecal drug delivery). Emerging applications involve targeted introduction of genes or gene regulators and light (optogenetics), and by 2014, these had been at minimum demonstrated in mammalian

Postoperative nausea and vomiting

nausea and vomiting. Postoperative nausea and vomiting Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is an unpleasant complication affecting about a third of the 10% of the population undergoing general anaesthesia each year. Emetogenic drugs commonly used in anaesthesia include nitrous oxide, physostigmine and opioids. The intravenous anaesthetic propofol is currently the least emetogenic general anaesthetic. These medications are thought to stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ). This area is on the floor of the fourth ventricle and is effectively outside of the blood-brain barrier. This makes it incredibly sensitive to toxin and pharmacological stimulation. There are multiple neurotransmitters such as histamine,

General anaesthesia

General anaesthesia General anaesthesia or general anesthesia (see spelling differences) is a medically induced coma with loss of protective reflexes, resulting from the administration of one or more general anaesthetic agents. It is carried out to allow medical procedures that would otherwise be intolerably painful for the patient; or where the nature of the procedure itself precludes the patient being awake. A variety of drugs may be administered, with the overall aim of ensuring unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, loss of reflexes of the autonomic nervous system, and in some cases paralysis of skeletal muscles. The optimal combination of drugs for any

NK1 receptor antagonist

of NK receptor antagonists have elicited antiemetic effect in both acute and especially in delayed phases of emesis. Casopitant, netupitant and rolapitant are some newer additions in this group. Rolapitant has a significantly long half-life of 160 hours and was approved by the US FDA in 2015. The first registered clinical use of NK receptor antagonists was the treatment of emesis, associated with cancer chemotherapy. In 1931, von Euler and Gaddum discovered substance P (SP) in horse brain and intestine. The substance showed strong vasodilatory effects and contractile activity on the rabbit gut. A great effort was put into purifying


Question: What number on the BeauforT Scale equates to a gale?

Beaufort scale

winds in hurricanes would be 23 in the scale. Today, hurricane-force winds are sometimes described as Beaufort scale 12 through 16, very roughly related to the respective category speeds of the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale, by which actual hurricanes are measured, where Category 1 is equivalent to Beaufort 12. However, the extended Beaufort numbers above 13 do not match the Saffir–Simpson scale. Category 1 tornadoes on the Fujita and TORRO scales also begin roughly at the end of level 12 of the Beaufort scale, but are independent scales – although the TORRO scale wind values are based on the 3/2 power

Gale

force for coastal areas, between and . The definition is very non-standard. A common alternative definition of the maximum is . The most common way of measuring wind force is with the Beaufort scale which defines a gale as wind from to . It is an empirical measure for describing wind speed based mainly on observed sea conditions. On the original 1810 Beaufort wind force scale, there were four different "gale" designations whereas generally today there are two gale forces, 8 and 9, and a near gale 7: The word "gale" is derived from the older "gail", but its origin

Beaufort scale

warning. These designations were standardized nationally in 2008, whereas "light wind" can refer to 0 to 12 or 0 to 15 knots and "moderate wind" 12 to 19 or 16 to 19 knots, depending on regional custom, definition or practice. Prior to 2008, a "strong wind warning" would have been referred to as a "small craft warning" by Environment Canada, similar to US terminology. (Canada and the USA have the Great Lakes in common.) Beaufort scale The Beaufort scale is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at sea or on land. Its full name is the

Beaufort scale

responsible for this and for the addition of the land-based descriptors. The measure was slightly altered some decades later to improve its utility for meteorologists. Today, many countries have abandoned the scale and use the metric system based units, m/s or km/h, instead, but the severe weather warnings given to the public are still approximately the same as when using the Beaufort scale. The Beaufort scale was extended in 1946, when forces 13 to 17 were added. However, forces 13 to 17 were intended to apply only to special cases, such as tropical cyclones. Nowadays, the extended scale is only

Beaufort scale

used in Taiwan and mainland China, which are often affected by typhoons. Internationally, WMO Manual on Marine Meteorological Services (2012 edition) defined the Beaufort Scale only up to force 12 and there was no recommendation on the use of the extended scale. Wind speed on the 1946 Beaufort scale is based on the empirical relationship: Where "v" is the equivalent wind speed at 10 metres above the sea surface and "B" is Beaufort scale number. For example, "B" = 9.5 is related to 24.5 m/s which is equal to the lower limit of "10 Beaufort". Using this formula the highest

Beaufort scale

Gale

Gale

A gale is a strong wind; the word is typically used as a descriptor in nautical contexts. The U.S. National Weather Service defines a gale as sustained surface winds moving at a speed of between 34 and 47 knots (, or ). Forecasters typically issue gale warnings when winds of this strength are expected. In the United States, a gale warning is specifically a maritime warning; the land-based equivalent in National Weather Service warning products is a wind advisory.

Other sources use minima as low as , and maxima as high as . Through 1986, the National Hurricane Center used the term “gale” to refer to winds of tropical force for coastal areas, between and . The definition is very non-standard. A common alternative definition of the maximum is .

The most common way of measuring wind force is with the Beaufort scale which defines a gale as wind from to . It is an empirical measure for describing wind speed based mainly on observed sea conditions. On the original 1810 Beaufort wind force scale, there were four different "gale" designations whereas generally today there are two gale forces, 8 and 9, and a near gale 7:

Hong Kong tropical cyclone warning signals

The Hong Kong tropical cyclone warning signals, or informally typhoon signals, are a set of signals used to indicate the threat or effects of a tropical cyclone. The Hong Kong Observatory issues the warning signal if a tropical cyclone approaches within of Hong Kong and poses a threat of deteriorating conditions in Hong Kong.

The signals are represented as a set of numbers and symbols. Previously lights were also used at night.

Wind

Small craft advisory

Small craft advisory

A small craft advisory is a type of wind warning issued by the National Weather Service in the United States. In Canada a similar warning is issued by Environment Canada. It is issued when winds have reached, or are expected to reach within 12 hours, a speed marginally less than gale force. A Small Craft Advisory may also be issued when sea or lake ice exists that could be hazardous to small boats.

The insignia that denotes a small craft advisory is one red, triangular flag (two such flags, one placed above the other, signify a gale warning).

Inland, this advisory is known as a "wind advisory". A lake wind advisory is issued for winds just below this range, because unobstructed winds across the open waters of a lake are normally faster than across land.

The wind speed that triggers the advisory has changed over time. Until the late 1960s, the threshold was 32 to 38 miles per hour (or 28 to 33 knots). At some point, the lower limit was reduced to 23 miles per hour (20 knots). Today, however, most places have standardized on 25 to 38 miles per hour (22 to 33 knots), encompassing the combined ranges of forces 6 and 7 on the Beaufort scale. Winds strong enough to trigger a small craft advisory may be referred to as being advisory-force. Conversely, winds just above this intensity (39–57 miles per hour) are called gale-force, and have a separate associated warning.

Occasionally an informal lesser advisory, known as "small craft exercise caution", is issued for wind speeds lighter than those that call for a small craft advisory. Criteria for this vary in different localities; sometimes a range of 19 to 24 miles per hour (17 to 21 knots) is observed, or in some places 17 to 23 miles per hour (15 to 19 knots) may be used.

The National Weather Service does not specifically identify what constitutes a "small craft". The size of the boat is only part of what a person should consider when venturing out under such a warning. Weight, displacement and hull design are also important factors and an even more important consideration is not only the craft, but the experience of the captain.

The next step above these advisories is a gale warning, known as a high wind warning when issued for inland locations. If the winds are associated with a tropical cyclone, then the next level above a small craft or wind advisory is a tropical storm warning. Occasionally, such bulletins may also be issued for areas above a particular elevation, as wind speeds tend to increase with altitude in the mountains.

Beaufort scale

issued if winds of Beaufort force 9 or frequent gusts of at least 52 knots are expected.; "Storm Force Warnings" are issued if Beaufort force 10 or frequent gusts of at least 61 knots are expected; "Violent Storm Force Warnings" are issued if Beaufort force 11 or frequent gusts of at least 69 knots are expected; "Hurricane Force Warnings" are issued if winds of greater than 64 knots are expected. This scale is also widely used in the Netherlands, Germany, Greece, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malta and Macau, although with some differences between them. Taiwan uses the Beaufort scale with

Beaufort scale

is used in the Shipping Forecasts broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in the United Kingdom, and in the Sea Area Forecast from Met Éireann, the Irish Meteorological Service. Met Éireann issues a "Small Craft Warning" if winds of Beaufort force 6 (mean wind speed exceeding 22 knots) are expected up to 10 nautical miles offshore. Other warnings are issued by Met Éireann for Irish coastal waters, which are regarded as extending 30 miles out from the coastline, and the Irish Sea or part thereof: "Gale Warnings" are issued if winds of Beaufort force 8 are expected; "Strong Gale Warnings" are

Beaufort scale

Beaufort scale The Beaufort scale is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at sea or on land. Its full name is the Beaufort wind force scale. The scale was devised in 1805 by the Irish hydrographer Francis Beaufort (later Rear Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort), a Royal Navy officer, while serving on HMS "Woolwich". The scale that carries Beaufort's name had a long and complex evolution from the previous work of others (including Daniel Defoe the century before) to when Beaufort was Hydrographer of the Navy in the 1830s when it was adopted officially and first used

Cumulonimbus and aviation

at this altitude, updraughts with speeds that can exceed . Such an updraught speed corresponds to the wind speed of a small hurricane. The speed can even exceed . The maximum number in the Beaufort scale is 12 ("hurricane force" wind) and is assigned to wind speeds of 64 knots or greater. If the Beaufort scale were extended, these updraughts would have a Beaufort number of 14 "in the vertical direction". The turbulence is then "extreme" at this altitude. Moreover, the diameters of the updraught columns vary between 2 km (air mass thunderstorm) and 10 km (supercell thunderstorm). The height

Beaufort scale

cyclone), and force 12 a hurricane-force wind warning (or hurricane warning if related to a tropical cyclone). A set of red warning flags (daylight) and red warning lights (night time) is displayed at shore establishments which coincide with the various levels of warning. In Canada, maritime winds forecast to be in the range of 6 to 7 are designated as "strong"; 8 to 9 "gale force"; 10 to 11 "storm force"; 12 "hurricane force". Appropriate wind warnings are issued by Environment Canada's Meteorological Service of Canada: strong wind warning, gale (force wind) warning, storm (force wind) warning and hurricane-force wind

Beaufort scale

law relating wind velocity to Beaufort force. Wave heights in the scale are for conditions in the open ocean, not along the shore. The wind speeds in different units are not mathematically equivalent; e.g. 12–19 km/h is not equivalent to 8–12 mph, and both are not equivalent to 7–10 knots. The reason is that the Beaufort scale is not an exact nor an objective scale. It was based on visual and subjective observation of a ship and of the sea. The corresponding integral wind speeds were determined later, but the values in different units were never made equivalent. The scale

Francis Beaufort

scale, decoded as 32–38 mph, or a "moderate Gale". Beaufort, like other patrons of exploration, has had his name given to many geographical places. Among these: Beaufort created the Beaufort cipher. It is a substitution cipher similar to the Vigenère cipher. Francis Beaufort Rear Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort, KCB, FRS, FRGS, FRAS, MRIA (; 27 May 1774 – 17 December 1857) was an Irish hydrographer and officer in the Royal Navy. Beaufort was the creator of the Beaufort Scale for indicating wind force. Francis Beaufort was descended from French Protestant Huguenots, who fled the French Wars of Religion in the

Beaufort scale

during the voyage of HMS "Beagle" under Captain Robert FitzRoy, later to set up the first Meteorological Office (Met Office) in Britain giving regular weather forecasts. In the early 19th century, naval officers made regular weather observations, but there was no standard scale and so they could be very subjective – one man's "stiff breeze" might be another's "soft breeze". Beaufort succeeded in standardising the scale. The initial scale of thirteen classes (zero to twelve) did not reference wind speed numbers but related qualitative wind conditions to effects on the sails of a frigate, then the main ship of the

Beaufort scale

the extension to 17 noted above. China also switched to this extended version without prior notice on the morning of 15 May 2006, and the extended scale was immediately put to use for Typhoon Chanchu. Hong Kong and Macau retain force 12 as the maximum. In the United States, winds of force 6 or 7 result in the issuance of a small craft advisory, with force 8 or 9 winds bringing about a gale warning, force 10 or 11 a storm warning ("a tropical storm warning" being issued instead of the latter two if the winds relate to a tropical

Gale

Gale A gale is a strong wind, typically used as a descriptor in nautical contexts. The U.S. National Weather Service defines a gale as 34–47 knots (, or ) of sustained surface winds. Forecasters typically issue gale warnings when winds of this strength are expected. In the United States, a gale warning is specifically a maritime warning; the land-based equivalent in National Weather Service warning products is a wind advisory. Other sources use minima as low as , and maxima as high as . Through 1986, the National Hurricane Center used the term gale to refer to winds of tropical

Gale

is uncertain. Gale A gale is a strong wind, typically used as a descriptor in nautical contexts. The U.S. National Weather Service defines a gale as 34–47 knots (, or ) of sustained surface winds. Forecasters typically issue gale warnings when winds of this strength are expected. In the United States, a gale warning is specifically a maritime warning; the land-based equivalent in National Weather Service warning products is a wind advisory. Other sources use minima as low as , and maxima as high as . Through 1986, the National Hurricane Center used the term gale to refer to winds

Beaufort scale

Royal Navy, from "just sufficient to give steerage" to "that which no canvas sails could withstand". The scale was made a standard for ship's log entries on Royal Navy vessels in the late 1830s and was adapted to non-naval use from the 1850s, with scale numbers corresponding to cup anemometer rotations. In 1916, to accommodate the growth of steam power, the descriptions were changed to how the sea, not the sails, behaved and extended to land observations. Rotations to scale numbers were standardized only in 1923. George Simpson, CBE (later Sir George Simpson), director of the UK Meteorological Office, was

Lake Constance

winds" warning will be issued when squalls are expected of between 25 and 33 knots or registering force 6 to 8 on the Beaufort scale. A gale warning announces the likelihood of gale-force winds, i.e. those at speeds as of 34 knots or more or force 8 on the Beaufort scale. In order to issue these warnings, orange-coloured flashing lights are installed around the lake, which flash at a frequency of 40 times per minute for high winds or 90 times per minute for gales. It can happen that, due to the differently regulated responsibilities and assessments, a gale warning

Fujita scale

F1 corresponds to the twelfth level of the Beaufort scale, and F12 corresponds to Mach number 1.0. F0 was placed at a position specifying no damage (approximately the eighth level of the Beaufort scale), in analogy to how the Beaufort's zeroth level specifies little to no wind. From these wind speed numbers, qualitative descriptions of damage were made for each category of the Fujita scale, and then these descriptions were used to classify tornadoes. The diagram on the right illustrates the relationship between the Beaufort, Fujita, and Mach number scales. At the time Fujita derived the scale, little information was

Wind

atmosphere based upon how far clouds move from one image to the next. Wind engineering describes the study of the effects of the wind on the built environment, including buildings, bridges and other man-made objects. Historically, the Beaufort wind force scale (created by Beaufort) provides an empirical description of wind speed based on observed sea conditions. Originally it was a 13-level scale, but during the 1940s, the scale was expanded to 17 levels. There are general terms that differentiate winds of different average speeds such as a breeze, a gale, a storm, tornado, or a hurricane. Within the Beaufort scale,


Question: Which European High Street chain store was founded by August and Clemence Brennickmeyer?

C & A
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C&A
C&A Brenninkmeyer
C & a
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c and
C&A Brenninkmeijer
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Brenninkmeijer family

Brenninkmeyer sons and daughters enter the business in leadership positions at an early age, guaranteeing that the company is fully controlled by the family. In 1841, the brothers Clemens and August Brenninkmeyer founded the textile shop C&A, which sold, unusually for that time, ready made clothes. The two brothers, peddlers originally from the small village Mettingen in Westphalia, traveled each year to Friesland to sell their textiles to farmers. In 1861, they stocked their goods in a warehouse in Sneek. This small town in the north of the Netherlands became the location of their first store. A branch was opened

C&A

however, live in Geneva and Zug, Switzerland. The company was founded by brothers Clemens and August Brenninkmeijer in 1841 as a Dutch textile company, taking its company name from their initials. In 1906 Clemens' son, Bernard Joseph, started discounting in Amsterdam () and by 1910 there were ten stores in the Netherlands. These were from the German Brenninkmeyer family that traded in linen and textiles since the 17th century from its hometown of Mettingen, Germany. For many years, C&A retail clothing stores were a major presence in town centres throughout the United Kingdom. C&A also opened stores in a number

Brenninkmeijer family

in Leeuwarden. In 1906, Clemens' son, Bernard Joseph, started discounting in Amsterdam () and by 1910 there were ten stores in the Netherlands. In 1911, the company opened the first German store in Berlin and today there are more than 400 stores in Germany. In 1922, the company started a store in Great Britain. Today C&A and other related companies are located in 16 countries throughout the world. These companies are linked through the COFRA group, based in Zug, Switzerland. The company closed its stores in the United Kingdom and Denmark in 2000. Recently, many new countries have been entered

Brenninkmeijer family

in Eastern Europe and the company has also opened stores in China. More recently, the company has focused its efforts on real estate and financial services. C&A Online launched in Germany in 2008. For a period of time Eastern Mountain Sports, Steinbach, Ohrbach's, Maurices, Miller's Outpost and others were owned through the American Retail Group. In the 1980s and 1990s, they owned the Comark group in Canada, which included Bretton's department stores, Clark Shoes and Collacut luggage stores. The Canadian operations were sold in 2005 to KarpReilly, LLC of Greenwich, Connecticut. In addition to textile retailer C&A, the Brenninkmeyers own

Schlecker

a department store, Schleckerland, in the same year. Between 1972 and 1976, another four department stores were opened in Schwäbisch Gmünd, Geislingen, Neu-Ulm and Göppingen. With the abolition of resale price maintenance on cosmetics, healthcare and household products in 1974, Anton Schlecker established his first store for these items the following year. In 1987, the company's first foreign subsidiary was established in Austria. In 1991 the company acquired Superdrug in France and, shortly thereafter, established subsidiary companies in the Netherlands and Spain. In 1999, Schlecker entered the Italian market. The first markets in Poland and Portugal opened in 2004 and

C&A

Cofra Holding

Wikipedia:WikiProject England/WatchOther

Wikipedia:WikiProject England/WatchAll

Steen & Strøm

became chief executive in 1964. In 1874 the company built the first department store in Norway, but it was destroyed in a fire in 1929. By 1930 a brand new store had been rebuilt, with architectural inspiration from Paris. In 1991 Agora Drift AS took over the management of Steen & Strøm, as well as five other shopping centres and three hotels, and started expanding. In July 1994 the company was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange, but delisted again in September 2007 after Stein Erik Hagen had bought out the other owners, at the time Canica (49,9%), Storebrand (12.9%),

Van Cleef & Arpels

Christie's New York in 2009. Van Cleef & Arpels Van Cleef & Arpels is a French luxury jewelry, watch, and perfume company. It was founded in 1896 by Alfred Van Cleef and his uncle Salomon Arpels in Paris. Their pieces often feature flowers, animals, and fairies, and have been worn by style icons such as Farah Pahlavi, the Duchess of Windsor, Grace Kelly, Elizabeth Taylor and Eva Perón. Alfred Van Cleef and his father-in-law, Salomon Arpels, founded the company in 1896. In 1906, following Arpels’s death, Alfred and two of his brothers-in-law, Charles and Julien, acquired space for Van Cleef

Van Cleef & Arpels

Van Cleef & Arpels Van Cleef & Arpels is a French luxury jewelry, watch, and perfume company. It was founded in 1896 by Alfred Van Cleef and his uncle Salomon Arpels in Paris. Their pieces often feature flowers, animals, and fairies, and have been worn by style icons such as Farah Pahlavi, the Duchess of Windsor, Grace Kelly, Elizabeth Taylor and Eva Perón. Alfred Van Cleef and his father-in-law, Salomon Arpels, founded the company in 1896. In 1906, following Arpels’s death, Alfred and two of his brothers-in-law, Charles and Julien, acquired space for Van Cleef & Arpels at 22 Place

Schlecker

Schlecker Schlecker was a German retail company with headquarters in Ehingen which once had a workforce of some 52,000. There were stores across Europe including Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Luxembourg, Portugal, Poland, France, Spain and Italy. Schlecker announced the closure of half its shops across Germany with effect from 29 February 2012. Due to bankruptcy, the remaining stores were closed on 27 June of that year, with the exception of the 'XL' markets and the businesses of associated 'Ihr Platz' brand. When Anton Schlecker joined the company in 1965, Schlecker was a butchery chain with 17 subsidiaries. He founded

Harzfeld's

Harzfeld's Harzfeld's was a Kansas City, Missouri-based department store chain specializing in women's and children's high-end apparel. The company was founded in 1891, as "Parisian Cloak Company" by Siegmund Harzfeld and partner Ferdinand Siegel. Harzfeld served as president until succeeded by Ferdinand Siegel's son, Lester Siegel, Sr. In February 1966, Lester Siegel, Jr. began serving as the company's third president In 1959, Harzfeld's went public, with its common shares traded on the local over-the-counter stock exchange. In 1972, the chain was acquired for $3 million by the retail conglomerate Garfinckel, Brooks Brothers, Miller & Rhoads, Inc. With the 1981, acquisition

Carl Hieronimus Gustmeyer

October 1742 in St. Peter's Church in Copenhagen. She continued the trading house after his death in 1756. Frederik Bargum became a partner in the company after marrying their daughter. Bargum founded Det guineiske Kompagni in 1765 but had to fflee the country in 1774. The trading house was then taken over by Gustmeyer's son, Frederik Ludolf Gustmeyer (1752-1804), who became a member of Grosserersocietetet. He owned the Gustmeyer House at Ved Stranden 14 where he kept a large household. Carl Hieronimus Gustmeyer Carl Hieronimus Gustmeyer (9 June 1701 - 28 December 1756) was a Danish merchant. Gustmeyer was born

Cactus (supermarket)

grocery store. In 1905 the business was expanded with his business partner, Michel Donven, to incorporate a "colonial goods wholesaler" importing items such as sugar, tobacco, cocoa, coffee, rice, tea and internationally traded spices. In 1928 the partnership was dissolved and Leesch created a new business, "Leesch Frères" (Leesch Brothers) with his three sons, Arthur, Jacques and Aloyse. In 1930 Leesch opened a coffee shop on the Rue de Strasbourg in Luxembourg-city. In 1955 the business passed to the third generation when the sons of Alfred Leesch, Paul and Alfred, took it over. In 1962 they created the first self-service

Steen & Strøm

Orkla (10.3%), Stein Erik Hagen (5.9%) and Varner-Gruppen (5.5%). In 2008 the company was sold for NOK 21.9 billion to Klépierre (56.1%) and ABP Pension Fund (43.9%). Steen & Strøm Steen & Strøm is a Scandinavian retail and real estate company that owns and operates 52 shopping centres in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. In 2006 the shopping centers had 3,300 lessees with total revenue of about NOK 40 billion. The company was founded in 1797 when Samuel Strøm started a wine shop and general store in Oslo. When he died in 1818, the store was taken over by his widow

C&A

C&A C&A is an international chain of fashion retail clothing stores, with European head offices in Vilvoorde, Belgium, and Düsseldorf, Germany. It has retail stores in many European countries. It serves only the largest markets of Asia, North America and South America. C&A's brands include Angelo Litrico, Canda, Clockhouse, Here+There, Palomino, Rodeo (ski and snowboard clothes), Westbury, Yessica, Yessica Pure, and Your Sixth Sense. The Brenninkmeijer family owns the C&A group through its Swiss company Cofra Holding AG. The company's success has led the family to be considered, by the Dutch, among the wealthiest in the Netherlands. The Brenninkmeijer family,

Harzfeld's

occurred in 1963 with the opening of the Corinth Square store. A fifth store in greater Kansas City was opened in the Metcalf South shopping center in 1967. Shortly after its parent conglomerate acquired two Gus Meyer locations in Oklahoma in 1974, it converted them to Harzfeld's. Harzfeld's Harzfeld's was a Kansas City, Missouri-based department store chain specializing in women's and children's high-end apparel. The company was founded in 1891, as "Parisian Cloak Company" by Siegmund Harzfeld and partner Ferdinand Siegel. Harzfeld served as president until succeeded by Ferdinand Siegel's son, Lester Siegel, Sr. In February 1966, Lester Siegel, Jr.

Kaufhaus des Westens

department store conglomerate. The store was founded in 1907 by Adolf Jandorf, who persuaded the architect Emil Schaudt to build his store. It opened on 27 March 1907 with an area of 24,000 sq m. In June 1927, ownership changed to the Hermann Tietz, who was responsible for modernizing and expanding the store. They had the ambition to add two new floors but because of the Nazi rise to power in the 1930s their plans came to a sudden halt. Hermann Tietz was a Jewish owned partnership and because of the Nazis' race laws the company was aryanized by duress

August Mentzel Tenement

the facade. The pharmacy "Under the Swan" (), established on December 27, 1853, was the third in the city after pharmacies "Pod Czarnym Orłem" ("Under the Black Eagle") and "Pod Złotym Orłem" ("Under the Golden Eagle"). During this period of time in Europe, pharmacies were often named after the names and values of animals. Thus, August Mentzel named his pharmacy "Pod Łabędziem" ("Under the Swan"), as this bird is associated with deep symbolism and its sign is easy to remember. Alfred Jacob bought the pharmacy from Constantin August Mentzel in 1895. He established a partnership with his son in law,

Anton Schlecker

Anton Schlecker Anton Schlecker (born 28 October 1944 in Ehingen) is a German businessman, founder and owner of the Schlecker drug store chain in Germany. He is married to Christa Schlecker and has two children, Lars Schlecker and Meike Schlecker, both active in the management of the Schlecker company. At 21 he acquired the degree "Meister" butcher and took over the parental butcher's shop. In 1975 he built his first drug store in Kirchheim unter Teck. Two years later there were already more than 100 stores. , there were more than 13,000 stores across Europe, employing about 50,000 people and

Prym

in buying back all Austrian properties and rights, which was of essential importance, particularly regarding the ”Prym” brand name. His marriage to Russian-born Olga Gütschow (1884–1975) in 1903 produced six sons, four of whom worked in the company. From 1928-72, Hans-August (1904–82) was head of ”William Prym of America, Inc.”, while Axel (1907–89) and Dieter (born 1917) held leading positions in the Stolberg head office which was expanding towards the Far East and Central America. Following the withdrawal of the British group, ”Coats Viyella” (1976–93, with a 25% participation), the descendants of Heinrich Augusts once again became sole owners of

Steiger's

Steiger's Steiger's was a department store company of New England in the 19th and 20th centuries. The flagship store was in Springfield, Massachusetts. Albert Steiger (1860–1938) was born in Rosenberg, Germany, on May 12, 1860. His family owned a silk factory in Europe. He emigrated to American as a child in 1868. He began his career peddling flannel in Huntington, Massachusetts at the age of 13. In 1893, after working in Gilette's Dry Goods Store, he bought or founded a small store in Port Chester, New York, north of New York City. In 1896, he opened a store in Holyoke,