Question: Which Wirral-born Radio 1 disc jockey died in Peru in 2004?

peel session
peel sessions
john peel sessions
John Robert Parker Ravenscroft
Margrave of the Marshes
margrave of marshes
Peel Acres
John Peel
Peel Session
peel acres
Peel session
john robert parker ravenscroft
john peel
john peel session
John Peel Sessions
John Peel Session
Peel Sessions
John peel

Frank Wappat

died of heart failure on 17 February 2014, his 84th birthday, at the Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle. Frank Wappat Frank Wappat (17 February 1930 – 17 February 2014) was an English radio personality, disc jockey and singer from Hebburn, County Durham. He worked with The Premier Band, Bobby Thompson, Renato Pagliari, The Pipe-dreamers, Flintlock (musical group), The Dooleys and many others in a career spanning the 1950s to 2010 Wappat founded the Al Bowlly Circle, Memory Lane Magazine, British Band-Leaders Club and The Thirties Club. He was the longest serving presenter on BBC Radio Newcastle, having started in 1970, following

Julio Castillo Narváez

similar motive to Castillo's murder. His murder was followed months later by the killing of another Peruvian journalist Pedro Alfonso Flores Silva, who worked for Channel 6 in Chimbote, on 8 September. The third broadcast host José Oquendo Reyes, of both Radio Alas Peruanas and BTV Canal 45, was killed 14 September in Pueblo Nuevo. Many journalism groups have spoken out and condemned Castillo's murder, and have called for authorities to tighten and continue the investigation. Reporters Without Borders said, “The political aspects of the case will almost certainly result in attempts to pressure the investigation." International Federation of Journalists

Kerry Juby

Bush" ) and David Bowie ("David Bowie In other words" ) He died of lung cancer in July 2003 at the age of 55. Kerry Juby Kerry Juby (3 January 1948 – July 2003) was born in Bexley, South London and was a radio DJ who worked for Pirate Radio Station Radio Caroline in the 1960s (initially as an engineer) under the name Kerry Clarke. When London's Capital Radio started in 1973 he was presenter/producer of "Kerry-Go-Round", aimed at younger listeners. He then dedicated more time to producing two weekend magazine shows in "Hullabaloo" and "Sunday Supplement" for the station

John Peel

John Peel John Robert Parker Ravenscroft, (30 August 1939 – 25 October 2004), known professionally as John Peel, was an English disc jockey, radio presenter, record producer and journalist. He was the longest serving of the original BBC Radio 1 DJs, broadcasting regularly from 1967 until his death in 2004. He was one of the first broadcasters to play psychedelic rock and progressive rock records on British radio, and he is widely acknowledged for promoting artists working in various genres, including pop, dub reggae, indie rock, post-punk, electronic music, punk, hardcore punk, breakcore, grindcore, death metal, British hip hop, jungle

Guillermo Thorndike

a few months before his death. Guillermo Thorndike died of a heart attack on March 9, 2009, in Lima, Peru, at the age of 69. His was cremated and buried at his family's mausoleum in Lima's Presbyterian Cemetery. Presbitero Maestro is the Cemetery's name. Guillermo Thorndike Guillermo Thorndike Losada (April 25, 1940 – March 9, 2009) was a Peruvian journalist and writer, who helped to found several important newspapers within Peru. Thorndike helped to found "La República", one of the country's main national dailies, and was the founder of "Cronicawan", the first nationally circulated Quechua language newspaper in Peru's history.

John Peel

John Peel

John Robert Parker Ravenscroft (30 August 1939 – 25 October 2004), known professionally as John Peel, was an English disc jockey (DJ) and radio presenter. He was the longest-serving of the original BBC Radio 1 DJs, broadcasting regularly from 1967 until his death in 2004.

Peel was one of the first broadcasters to play psychedelic rock and progressive rock records on British radio. He is widely acknowledged for promoting artists of multiple genres, including pop, dub reggae, punk rock and post-punk, electronic music and dance music, indie rock, extreme metal and British hip hop. Fellow DJ Paul Gambaccini described Peel as "the most important man in music for about a dozen years".

Peel's Radio 1 shows were notable for the regular "Peel sessions", which usually consisted of four songs recorded by an artist in the BBC's studios, often providing the first major national coverage to bands that later achieved fame. Another feature was the annual Festive Fifty countdown of his listeners' favourite records of the year.

Peel appeared on television occasionally as one of the presenters of "Top of the Pops" in the 1980s, and provided voice-over commentary for a number of BBC programmes. He became popular with the audience of BBC Radio 4 for his "Home Truths" programme, which ran from the 1990s, featuring unusual stories from listeners' domestic lives.

Module talk:Sandbox/trappist the monk/random sort

Radio 390

Featherbee), Charlie Evans (a pub landlord), and John Thompson (a journalist with some radio experience). Radio Invicta commenced test broadcasts around 3 June 1964, and launched with regular transmissions on 17 July of the same year. Pepper died aged 38 on 16 December 1964, when the small tender "David", in which he was sailing back to the mainland, overturned in a sudden squall. Simon Ashley, one of the station's DJs (real name Barry Hoy), and Martin Shaw, an engineer, also drowned, aged 21 and 18, respectively. Pepper's body was later recovered after it washed ashore on Reeves beach, Whitstable; the

Chuck Collier

(99.5 FM). He served the latter part of his tenure as music director/afternoon drive DJ. After 41 years in the Cleveland radio market, Collier died of a heart attack on September 22, 2011. In March 2009, Collier was inducted into the Country Radio Hall Of Fame in Nashville, Tennessee — one of only 60 personalities in the history of country radio to achieve this honor. Chuck Collier Charles "Chuck" Collier (May 6, 1947—September 22, 2011) was a radio personality, best known for his many years at radio stations WGAR (AM) and WGAR-FM in Cleveland, Ohio. Collier was born in May

Steve Walsh (DJ)

Steve Walsh (DJ) Steve Walsh (1959 – 3 July 1988) was a British disc jockey. He died after being injured in a car crash in Ibiza, Spain. Walsh began his radio career at the first soul music pirate radio station, Radio Invicta, alongside his friend, Bob Tomalski. From there he moved on to JFM, a London soul pirate station, where his style first began to shine through. Walsh also guested on Dave Brown's soul show once a month on BBC Radio Medway, which later became BBC Radio Kent. He then decided that if he was to further his career he

Julio Castillo Narváez

Julio Castillo Narváez Julio Castillo Narváez was a Peruvian producer and host of a radio news program on the Radio Ollantay station. He was known as a stern critic of the local government. Narváez was murdered in Viru, Peru on May 3, 2011, which was World Press Freedom Day. According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, Narváez was one of three broadcast journalists killed in Peru in 2011. Julio Castillo Narváez worked in journalism for more than 20 years. He was the host of the radio program "Noticiero Ollantay". He had worked for Radio Ollantay as a Radio Programme producer.

Steve Walsh (DJ)

video. He returned to London where he underwent further surgery on his leg. He then suffered a heart attack and died. Steve Walsh (DJ) Steve Walsh (1959 – 3 July 1988) was a British disc jockey. He died after being injured in a car crash in Ibiza, Spain. Walsh began his radio career at the first soul music pirate radio station, Radio Invicta, alongside his friend, Bob Tomalski. From there he moved on to JFM, a London soul pirate station, where his style first began to shine through. Walsh also guested on Dave Brown's soul show once a month on

Radio Nacional del Perú

Hour" (La Hora Rotaria)," ""The Amateur Hour"" ("La Hora del Aficionado") . Soloists and small bands used to perform in the latter, where many artists became famous, such as César Miró, who was also a radio presenter, literary writer and cineast. Likewise, Juan Sedó and Benjamín Puente were notable sport commentators followed by Augusto Ferrando who from December 23 1934 was in charge of the horse race comments from Santa Beatriz Racecourse (Hipódromo de Santa Beatriz). On January 30 1937, President Óscar R. Benavides relaunched the renewed "Peru National Radio" (Radio Nacional del Perú) at the same venue it is

Mac Cocker

contact, saying "I don't feel any bitterness towards him at all. I feel sorry for him." Cocker died in Darwin on 3 June 2016 after a long illness. Mac Cocker Mac Cocker (1941 – 3 June 2016) was an English-born Australian radio announcer, who worked for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation radio network for 33 years, with stints on Radio Australia, Triple J, Radio National and 105.7 ABC Darwin. He was also known for being the father of Jarvis Cocker, the lead singer of the English rock band Pulp. Born in Sheffield, England, Cocker worked as a DJ, musician and actor.

Johnny Walker (DJ)

He had previously worked at WPTR in Albany, New York under the pseudonym "Wild Child". He died in 2004 due to complications associated with lung cancer. Johnny Walker (DJ) Johnny Walker (born as James Lewis Embrey in New Albany, Indiana; August 13, 1948 – March 1, 2004) was an American radio personality, best known as a disc jockey on WFBR, a Baltimore, Maryland AM radio station from 1974 to 1987. His radio name was taken from Johnnie Walker, a brand of whiskey, which supported his persona which has been described as "madcap" or "shock jock", which on occasion drew the

Daniel Peredo

widely followed. Daniel Peredo died of a heart attack on February 19, 2018, in Lima, Peru, at the age of 48. Daniel Peredo Daniel Kirino Peredo Menchola ( – ) was a Peruvian journalist, announcer and writer. He worked for several important newspapers and in TV and radio in Peru. He was one of the most important Peruvian sports journalists. He is considered one of the best sports storytellers of Peruvian football and one of the most loved in recent years by the fans of that country. Daniel Peredo was born on June 17, 1969, in Lima, Peru. Raised in

Mark Pearson (journalist)

substantial operation. Pearson would remain a resident of East Peru for the rest of his life. Mark Pearson died June 2, 2012 at a farm in rural Madison County, Iowa, the victim of an apparent heart attack. He was 54 years old at the time of his death. In July 2012, Iowa Public television chose Mark Pearson's son, Mike Pearson, manager of the family farm and himself a reporter for Iowa Public Radio Station WOI-AM as the new host of the "Market to Market" program. Mark Pearson (journalist) Mark Robert Pearson (September 8, 1957 – June 3, 2012) was an

John Peel

started to turn demolition-threatened Bradford Odeon into the John Peel Creative Arts Centre in the North, though this was ultimately unsuccessful. John Peel John Robert Parker Ravenscroft, (30 August 1939 – 25 October 2004), known professionally as John Peel, was an English disc jockey, radio presenter, record producer and journalist. He was the longest serving of the original BBC Radio 1 DJs, broadcasting regularly from 1967 until his death in 2004. He was one of the first broadcasters to play psychedelic rock and progressive rock records on British radio, and he is widely acknowledged for promoting artists working in various

Stuart Henry (DJ)

by Ollie, the illness accounting for his later distinctive rather halting speech delivery. Ollie dedicated the remaining years of their married life to providing round-the-clock care for Henry. On 2 December 2004 he was posthumously inducted into the Radio Academy Hall of Fame, honouring his outstanding contribution to UK radio. Stuart Henry (DJ) Stuart Henry (24 February 1942, Edinburgh - 24 November 1995, Luxembourg) was a disc jockey on pirate radio station Radio Scotland, then BBC Radio 1 from its start in 1967. Between 1967 and 1969 he was one of the regular presenters of BBC's "Top of the Pops".

Alison Booker

1 July 2010, of breast cancer, aged 47, at Sobell House Hospice in Oxfordshire. On 24 September, her "Cancer Diaries" was awarded the Silver World Medal at The New York Festival Radio Awards in the Social Issues/Current Events Category. Alison Booker Alison Chapman (formerly Booker; 23 June 1963 – 1 July 2010) was a presenter and newsreader at 106 Jack FM (Oxfordshire) and BBC Oxford. She was born in Exeter, England and educated at Blundell's School. She fell in love with radio at Exeter University, presenting on the uni's own station URE. She claimed her entire career had been an

Skip Weshner

famous for his frequent programming of Paraguayan harp music and Caribbean steel drum music. He was also one of the first major station announcers to play what became a standard, bagpipe versions of "Amazing Grace." Skip Weshner Skip Weshner (1927 – 1995) was a disc jockey on stations in New York and Los Angeles from the mid-1950s until the mid-1980s. In particular, he hosted a popular show on KRHM-FM in Los Angeles. He hosted "Accent On Sound" on WBAI (FM) and later WNCN (FM) in New York City from about 1959 through about 1964. There was also about a year

Hy Lit

17, 2007, at Paoli Memorial Hospital of kidney failure. He is survived by his son Samuel Lit, daughter Benna Lit (Martucci) and three grandchildren. He is buried at West Laurel Hill Cemetery, in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. 2. https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/74247717/ • https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/74247717/ Hy Lit Hyman Aaron "Hy" Lit (May 20, 1934 – November 17, 2007) was an American DJ based in the Philadelphia area from the 1950s until 2005. In his 50-year career, Hy Lit broadcast from WIBG, WDAS/WDAS-FM, WKBS-TV, WIFI, WSNI/WPGR, KPOL, WKXW, among many others. His last station was WOGL, where he broadcast from 1989 until his resignation late in


Question: The site of the 1805 Battle of Austerlitz, also called the Battle of the Three Emperors, and a major success for Napoleon Bonaparte, is in which modern day country?

Bedřichovice

out at the site between 1948-1950 under Josef Poulík, an important archaeologist, educator and scholar. On 2 December 1805 Napoleon I. launched the Battle of Three Emperors / Battle of Austerlitz from the Žuráň Hill. In the battle his army beat the joint Russian-Austrian troops under Franz II. of Austria and tzar Alexander I. At the top of the hill Napoleon situated his headquarters and simultaneously initiated all the moves of his troops from there. From the very place at 8.30 a.m. he sent an order to start the attack of the plains and slopes of a nearby hill called

Battle of Austerlitz

Battle of Austerlitz The Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805/11 Frimaire An XIV FRC), also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of the most important and decisive engagements of the Napoleonic Wars. In what is widely regarded as the greatest victory achieved by Napoleon, the "Grande Armée" of France defeated a larger Russian and Austrian army led by Emperor Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II. The battle occurred near the town of Austerlitz in the Austrian Empire (modern-day Slavkov u Brna in the Czech Republic). Austerlitz brought the War of the Third Coalition to

Battle of Austerlitz

might have faced a very different ending from the one they achieved at the real battle of Austerlitz. This essentially was Kutuzov's successful strategy in 1812, after the Battle of Borodino. Battle of Austerlitz The Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805/11 Frimaire An XIV FRC), also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of the most important and decisive engagements of the Napoleonic Wars. In what is widely regarded as the greatest victory achieved by Napoleon, the "Grande Armée" of France defeated a larger Russian and Austrian army led by Emperor Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor

Battle of Austerlitz

little weary...I embrace you."Napoleon's comments in this letter led to the battle's other famous designation, "Battle of the Three Emperors." However, Emperor Francis of Austria was not present at the battlefield. Tsar Alexander perhaps best summed up the harsh times for the Allies by stating, "We are babies in the hands of a giant." After hearing the news of Austerlitz, William Pitt referred to a map of Europe, "Roll up that map; it will not be wanted these ten years." France and Austria signed a truce on 4 December and the Treaty of Pressburg 22 days later took the latter

Battle of Austerlitz

of six companies. Austrian cavalry was considered the best in Europe, and one of the best of the time anywhere. In August 1805, Napoleon, Emperor of the French since December of the previous year, turned his sights from the English Channel to the Rhine to deal with the new Austrian and Russian threats. On 25 September after a feverish march in great secrecy, 200,000 French troops began to cross the Rhine on a front of . Mack had gathered the greater part of the Austrian army at the fortress of Ulm in Swabia (modern day southern Germany). Napoleon swung his

Battle of Austerlitz

Napoleon

Napoleonic Wars

Battle of Leipzig

Battle of Leipzig

The Battle of Leipzig (; , ); ), also known as the Battle of the Nations (; ), was fought from 16 to 19 October 1813 at Leipzig, Saxony. The Coalition armies of Austria, Prussia, Sweden, and Russia, led by Tsar Alexander I and Karl von Schwarzenberg, decisively defeated the "Grande Armée" of French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon's army also contained Polish and Italian troops, as well as Germans from the Confederation of the Rhine (mainly Saxony and Württemberg). The battle was the culmination of the German Campaign of 1813 and involved 560,000 soldiers, 2,200 artillery pieces, the expenditure of 400,000 rounds of artillery ammunition, and 133,000 casualties, making it the largest battle in Europe prior to World War I.

Decisively defeated again, Napoleon was compelled to return to France while the Sixth Coalition kept up its momentum, dissolving the Confederation of the Rhine and invading France early the next year. Napoleon was forced to abdicate and was exiled to Elba in May 1814.

First French Empire

First French Empire

The First French Empire, officially the French Republic, then the French Empire (; Latin: ) after 1809, also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. It lasted from 18 May 1804 to 11 April 1814 and again briefly from 20 March 1815 to 7 July 1815.

Although France had already established a colonial empire overseas since the early 17th century, the French state had remained a kingdom under the Bourbons and a republic after the French Revolution. Historians refer to Napoleon's regime as the "First Empire" to distinguish it from the restorationist "Second Empire" (1852–1870) ruled by his nephew Napoleon III. The First French Empire is considered by some to be a "Republican empire."

On 18 May 1804, Napoleon was granted the title Emperor of the French ("", ) by the French and was crowned on 2 December 1804, signifying the end of the French Consulate and of the French First Republic. Despite his coronation, the empire continued to be called the "French Republic" until 1809. The French Empire achieved military supremacy in mainland Europe through notable victories in the War of the Third Coalition against Austria, Prussia, Russia, Britain and allied nations, notably at the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805. French dominance was reaffirmed during the War of the Fourth Coalition, at the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt in 1806 and the Battle of Friedland in 1807, before Napoleon's final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.

A series of wars, known collectively as the Napoleonic Wars, extended French influence to much of Western Europe and into Poland. At its height in 1812, the French Empire had 130 departments, ruled over 44 million subjects, maintained an extensive military presence in Germany, Italy, Spain, and Poland, and counted Austria and Prussia as nominal allies. Early French victories exported many ideological features of the Revolution throughout Europe: the introduction of the Napoleonic Code throughout the continent increased legal equality, established jury systems and legalized divorce, and seigneurial dues and seigneurial justice were abolished, as were aristocratic privileges in all places except Poland. France's defeat in 1814 (and then again in 1815), marked the end of the First French Empire and the beginning of the Bourbon Restoration.

Battle of Austerlitz

of the Rhine, a string of German states meant to serve as a buffer between France and Prussia. Prussia saw these and other moves as an affront to its status as the main power of Central Europe and it went to war with France in 1806. Napoleon's words to his troops after the battle were full of praise: "Soldats! Je suis content de vous" (). The Emperor provided two million golden francs to the higher officers and 200 francs to each soldier, with large pensions for the widows of the fallen. Orphaned children were adopted by Napoleon personally and were

Battle of Austerlitz

acknowledged as an impressive military victory, and in the 19th century, when fascination with the First Empire was at its height, the battle was revered by the likes of Victor Hugo, who "in the depth of [his] thoughts" was hearing the "noise of the heavy cannon rolling towards Austerlitz." In the 2005 bicentennial, however, controversy erupted when neither French President Jacques Chirac nor Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin attended any functions commemorating the battle. On the other hand, some residents of France's overseas departments protested against what they viewed as the "official commemoration of Napoleon," arguing that Austerlitz should not

Battle of Austerlitz

lands in Italy and Bavaria to France, and in Germany to Napoleon's German allies. It also imposed an indemnity of 40 million francs on the defeated Habsburgs and allowed the fleeing Russian troops free passage through hostile territories and back to their home soil. Critically, victory at Austerlitz permitted the creation of the Confederation of the Rhine, a collection of German states intended as a buffer zone between France and Central Europe. The Confederation rendered the Holy Roman Empire virtually useless, so the latter collapsed in 1806 after Francis abdicated the imperial throne, keeping Francis I of Austria as his

Battle of Austerlitz

about 85,000 soldiers, seventy percent of them Russian, and 318 guns. At first, Napoleon was not totally confident of victory. In a letter written to Minister of Foreign Affairs Talleyrand, Napoleon requested Talleyrand not tell anyone about the upcoming battle because he did not want to disturb Empress Joséphine. According to Frederick C. Schneid, the French Emperor's chief worry was how he could explain to Joséphine a French defeat. The battle took place about six miles (ten kilometers) southeast of the town of Brno, between that town and Austerlitz () in what is now the Czech Republic. The northern part

Battle of Austerlitz

be celebrated since they believed that Napoleon committed genocide against colonial people. After the battle, Tsar Alexander I laid all the blame on M. I. Kutuzov, Commander-in-chief of the Allied Army. However, it is clear that Kutuzov's plan was to retreat farther to the rear where the Allied Army had a sharp advantage in logistics. Had the Allied Army retreated further, they might have been reinforced by Archduke Charles's troops from Italy, and the Prussians might have joined the coalition against Napoleon. A French army at the end of her supply lines, in a place which had no food supplies,

Pyramid of Austerlitz

Waterloo where Napoleon was defeated. The mound marks the spot where his son William II was injured. The Pyramid is a national monument, monument number 39543. Pyramid of Austerlitz The Pyramid of Austerlitz is a 36-metre-high pyramid of earth, built in 1804 by Napoleon's soldiers on one of the highest points of the Utrecht ridge, in the municipality of Woudenberg, the Netherlands. Atop the pyramid is a stone obelisk from 1894. In 1804, the French General Auguste de Marmont established an army camp ("le Camp d'Utrecht") in this central location in the Batavian Republic, the present Netherlands, where over a

Battle of Austerlitz

allowed to add "Napoleon" to their baptismal and family names. This battle is one of four for which Napoleon never awarded a victory title, the others being Marengo, Jena, and Friedland. Artists and musicians on the side of France and her conquests expressed their sentiment in populist and elite art of the time. Prussian music critic E.T.A. Hoffmann, in his famous review of Beethoven's 5th Symphony, "singles out for special abuse a certain "Bataille des trois Empereurs", a French battle symphony by Louis Jadin celebrating Napoleon's victory at Austerlitz." Leo Tolstoy memorably dramatized the battle as the conclusion of Book

Battle of Halle

captured a Prussian regiment isolated on the west side of the city. One of the few intact Prussian forces west of the Elbe River was now crippled. Napoleon's decisive victory at the Battle of Austerlitz on 2 December 1805 profoundly affected the balance of power in Europe. After this event, Emperor Francis I of Austria sued for peace and Tsar Alexander I of Russia withdrew his crippled army from Austrian territory, ending the War of the Third Coalition. Prussia was caught at a diplomatic disadvantage since her emissary Christian Graf von Haugwitz was on the point of delivering an ultimatum

Battle of Austerlitz

3 and Volume 1 of War and Peace, making it a crucial moment in the lives of both Andrei Bolkonski who is badly wounded and of Nikolai Rostov. Archibald Alison in his "History of Europe" (1836) offers the first recorded telling of the apocryphal story that when the Allies descended the Pratzen Heights to attack Napoleon's supposedly weak flank, “The marshals who surrounded Napoleon saw the advantage, and eagerly besought him to give the signal for action; but he restrained their ardour, . . . ‘when the enemy is making a false movement we must take good care not to

Battle of Austerlitz

of the Allies was confirmed by the decision to send in the Russian Imperial Guard; Grand Duke Constantine, Tsar Alexander's brother, commanded the Guard and counterattacked in Vandamme's section of the field, forcing a bloody effort and the only loss of a French standard in the battle (a battalion of the 4th Line Regiment was defeated). Sensing trouble, Napoleon ordered his own heavy Guard cavalry forward. These men pulverized their Russian counterparts, but with both sides pouring in large masses of cavalry, no victory was clear. The Russians had a numerical advantage but soon the tide swung as Drouet's Division,

Austerlitz, Netherlands

victory of his brother, emperor Napoleon in the Battle of Austerlitz. Close to the town, there is an artificial hill called the Pyramid of Austerlitz (), actually part of the municipality Woudenberg. Austerlitz, Netherlands Austerlitz () is a town in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Zeist, and lies about 6 km east of Zeist. In 2001 the town of Austerlitz had 1,254 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.23 km², and contained 481 residences. Including both the village itself and the surrounding area, the neighbourhood of Austerlitz has about 1580

Napoleon

an indemnity of 40 million francs on the defeated Habsburgs and allowed the fleeing Russian troops free passage through hostile territories and back to their home soil. Napoleon went on to say, "The battle of Austerlitz is the finest of all I have fought". Frank McLynn suggests that Napoleon was so successful at Austerlitz that he lost touch with reality, and what used to be French foreign policy became a "personal Napoleonic one". Vincent Cronin disagrees, stating that Napoleon was not overly ambitious for himself, "he embodied the ambitions of thirty million Frenchmen". Napoleon continued to entertain a grand scheme

Battle of Austerlitz

only official title. These achievements, however, did not establish a lasting peace on the continent. Prussian worries about growing French influence in Central Europe sparked the War of the Fourth Coalition in 1806. Europe had been in turmoil since the start of the French Revolutionary Wars in 1792. In 1797, after five years of war, the French Republic subdued the First Coalition, an alliance of Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, Spain, and various Italian states. A Second Coalition, led by Britain, Austria and Russia, and including the Ottoman Empire, Portugal and Naples, was formed in 1798, but by 1801, this too

Battle of Austerlitz

a rapid end, with the Treaty of Pressburg signed by the Austrians later in the month. The battle is often cited as a tactical masterpiece, in the same league as other historic engagements like Cannae or Gaugamela. After eliminating an Austrian army during the Ulm Campaign, French forces seized Vienna in November 1805. The Austrians avoided further conflict until the arrival of the Russians bolstered Allied numbers. Napoleon sent his army north in pursuit of the Allies, but then ordered his forces to retreat so he could feign a grave weakness. Desperate to lure the Allies into battle, Napoleon gave

The Battle (Patrick Rimbaud novel)

Napoleon’s defeat in Russia in "The Retreat" and his banishment at Elba in "Napoleon’s Exile". In the War of the Fifth Coalition Austria and Great Britain sought to reduce French dominance on the continent. Napoleon, however, succeeded militarily in Southern Germany and entered Vienna on May 13, 1809. The main Austrian army under Archduke Charles retreated to the eastern shore of the Danube. Napoleon chose to cross the Danube south of Vienna at the Lobau island. He directed the construction of a pontoon bridge to cross to the eastern side where he occupied the villages of Aspern and Essling (today


Question: Katherine Yiner is editor of which daily newspaper?

guardians film
guardian film
The Guardian (movie)
guardian disambiguation
The Guardians (disambiguation)
The Guardian (disambiguation)
The Guardian (film)
The Guardians
Guardians
guardians
guardians disambiguation
Gaurdian
Guardian (disambiguation)
guardian movie
guardian
Guardian
gaurdian
The Guardians (film)

The Daily News (Batavia)

the managing editor of the paper. A 2009 poll in "The Batavian", another local paper, indicated that 37.2% of respondents felt that partisanship did not figure into The Daily News' coverage, while 23.4% of respondents felt it leaned Republican, and 17.9% felt it leaned Democrat. 21.1% answered "not sure." Tiffany Towner, a former managing editor at The Daily News, was selected for "Editor & Publisher's" 2017 "25 under 35" list of the “next generation of newspaper publishing leaders.” In 2017, The Daily News gained recognition at the New York Press Association's Better Newspaper Awards in a number of categories, including

Diana Diamond

Daily News", tackling topics ranging from "traffic calming" to teacher training, from pension perks to police misconduct, from business revitalization to beautification. In 2005, publishers Dave Price and Jim Pavelich named her executive editor of the Daily News Group, which included the "Palo Alto Daily News", "San Mateo Daily News", "Redwood City Daily News", "Los Gatos Daily News", and "East Bay Daily News". Price and Pavelich sold the paper to Knight Ridder. After Price and Pavelich left in December 2005, Knight Ridder appointed a publisher, Shareef Dajani, who, only days after taking over, fired Diamond and replace her with a

Katherine V. Forrest

and currently serves as Supervising Editor at Spinsters Ink. She has also written science fiction novels and edited numerous anthologies of gay and lesbian interest. As an editor she worked with hundreds of writers, including Jane Rule and Lee Lynch, who wrote of Forrest's fiction, "Her stories embrace and strengthen us, and give us permission to live our lives fully just as we are." Also known for her reviews and articles about lesbian and gay publishing, she authored book reviews appearing in the Los Angeles Times and San Francisco Chronicle. Articles have appeared in Brother and Sister, The Harvard Gay

The Daily News (Palo Alto)

advertising or distribution. In January 2007, Dajani was replaced by Carole Leigh Hutton, former editor and publisher of the Detroit Free Press when it was owned by Knight Ridder. When Knight Ridder sold the Free Press to Gannett on August 3, 2005, Hutton was named Knight Ridder's vice president of news, a position she held until the company folded in 2006. In March 2007, former Oakland Tribune editor Mario Dianda replaced Lucinda Ryan as executive editor. In May 2008, Daily News founders Dave Price and Jim Pavelich announced that they were reviving the original paper, in its original headquarters at

Colorado Daily

Party nominee Ralph Nader for president. Lange was replaced as editor by Clint Talbott, who led the newspaper for 14 years until 1998. That year, a series of editorials by Talbott on the legal ordeal of a rape victim, who took her case to trial, earned the Daily a Pulitzer Prize nomination. The Pulitzer judges called Talbott's writing "powerful." Pamela White replaced Clint Talbott as editor in 1998. Setting out to return the Daily to its tradition of muckracking exemplified by Lange, she led the Daily to numerous prizes for investigative reporting. The newspaper won several national awards for its

Diana Diamond

Diana Diamond Diana Diamond is an American journalist who has edited a number of newspapers including the "Palo Alto Daily News," and was a columnist at the "Palo Alto Weekly." At the "Silicon Valley/San Jose Business Journal," she was editor of their magazine, "Valley Life Quarterly," and a columnist and editorial writer for the "Journal." After serving as associate editor and twice-weekly columnist for the "Palo Alto Daily Post" she currently writes a twice-weekly column for the "Palo Alto Daily News" on political topics of interest to the city, the state and the nation. Diana Louise Chmielewski was born February

The DailyER

UNL-sanctioned newspaper created much fanfare within the Lincoln community. Other editors for "The DailyER" have included John Rincon, Jacob Zlomke, Mitch McCann, Alex Wunrow, Tyler Keown, Colin Loberg, Drew Preston, and Kellie Wasikowski. In 2009, the paper went into a brief hiatus because of funding, but hosted a concert in Omaha to help pay for publishing costs. The paper contains fake news stories ranging from local and campus issues, to national and international issues. "The DailyER" contains political, economic, social and sports stories. It also contains a serious entertainment section titled "Seeds Entertainment", much like The Onion with The A.V.

Audrey Cooper

Audrey Cooper Audrey Cooper (born 1977) is an American journalist. Hearst Corporation named her as editor-in-chief of the San Francisco Chronicle on January 13, 2015, making her the first woman to hold this position. Before Cooper's appointment, there were only two women editors-in-chief working at America's top 25 circulation daily newspapers, Newsday's Debbie Henley and Nancy Barnes of the Houston Chronicle. Cooper grew up in the Kansas City, Kansas area. She graduated magna cum laude with a BA in Journalism and Political Science from Boston University in 1999. She worked as a journalist at the "Tri-Valley Herald", the Associated Press,

Kay Fanning

Kay Fanning Katherine "Kay" Fanning (October 18, 1927 – October 19, 2000) was an American journalist and newspaper editor and publisher. She was editor and publisher of the "Anchorage Daily News". In 1983, she became editor of the "Christian Science Monitor" in Boston, Massachusetts, where she became the first woman to edit an American national newspaper. She was the president of the American Society of News Editors from April 1987–April 1988. Born Katherine Woodruff, she was the only child of a "small-town banker" in Illinois. Sent to private school, she later graduated from Smith College. After college, she returned to

Kay Fanning

the most prominent women in American journalism". In addition to serving on various national boards, she received numerous awards for her work, including the following: Kay Fanning Katherine "Kay" Fanning (October 18, 1927 – October 19, 2000) was an American journalist and newspaper editor and publisher. She was editor and publisher of the "Anchorage Daily News". In 1983, she became editor of the "Christian Science Monitor" in Boston, Massachusetts, where she became the first woman to edit an American national newspaper. She was the president of the American Society of News Editors from April 1987–April 1988. Born Katherine Woodruff, she

Dayton Daily News

in Springfield, Ohio. He was promoted from deputy editor. In 2010, Riley was named editor of the "Atlanta Journal-Constitution" and that paper's editor, Julia Wallace, under whose leadership the AJC won Pulitzer Prizes in 2006 and 2007, moved to Dayton to become Senior Vice President of news and programming for CMG Ohio heading a new combined newspaper, television and radio newsroom. She was soon after named the first female publisher and retired in 2016. In 2011, Jana Collier was promoted from managing editor to editor-in-chief of CMG Ohio and is responsible for content and operations for all daily and weekly

Joanne Lipman

joined as a staff reporter upon graduating in 1983. In 1984 she reported that Alastair Reid, a staff writer for "The New Yorker", had created composite characters and otherwise altered facts in his reporting. After covering the insurance and real estate beats, she created and wrote the Journal's daily Advertising column from 1989 through 1992. She served as a Page One editor of the Journal from 1992 through 1996. In 1998, she created the Journal's popular Friday section, Weekend Journal. She served as its Editor-in-Chief through 2000, when she was named a Deputy Managing Editor of the newspaper, the first

Diana Diamond

of other nonprofit boards over the years. Diana Diamond Diana Diamond is an American journalist who has edited a number of newspapers including the "Palo Alto Daily News," and was a columnist at the "Palo Alto Weekly." At the "Silicon Valley/San Jose Business Journal," she was editor of their magazine, "Valley Life Quarterly," and a columnist and editorial writer for the "Journal." After serving as associate editor and twice-weekly columnist for the "Palo Alto Daily Post" she currently writes a twice-weekly column for the "Palo Alto Daily News" on political topics of interest to the city, the state and the

Susan Albright

Star Tribune's and its readers' as hers." Susan Albright Susan Albright is a journalist in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She is the managing editor of MinnPost.com. Joel Kramer, editor and CEO of MinnPost, announced her appointment in February 2008. According to MinnPost, "Susan Albright, former editor of the Star Tribune's editorial pages, ... has held editing positions at the Louisville Times and the Syracuse Herald-Journal, and was editorial page editor for the Arizona Daily Star in Tucson." She started out studying literature and music before going into journalism via Syracuse University's M.A. program at the S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications. Albright

The Australian Women's Weekly

Julie Zaetta, Ita Buttrose, Jennifer Rowe and Robyn Foyster (December 2007 – October 2009). The editor was Helen McCabe until January 2016, who has held this position since August 2009. She attempted to improve "The Weekly" news coverage. In late 2009, she hired Jordan Baker, formerly a reporter and travel writer for "The Sydney Morning Herald", as news editor. In February 2016 Kim Wilson was named as the editor of the magazine. In July 2017, Nicole Byers was appointed Editor-in-Chief following the abrupt departure of Kim Wilson. The Australian Women's Weekly Test Kitchen (then known as the Leila Howard Test

Newton Daily News

he is entitled to his opinion, his public airing of it compromised the reputation of this newspaper and his ability to lead it." In June, Abigail Pelzer was named the new editor. Newton Daily News The Newton Daily News is a semi-daily newspaper published weekdays based in Newton, Iowa. The newspaper publishes its main print edition in the afternoons five days a week. The newspaper is owned by Shaw Media. GIn April 2014, the Daily News became the source of controversy when its editor-in-chief, Bob Eschilman, published on his personal blog criticism about a website, The Queen James Bible, that

The Daily Nebraskan

paper is now financially supported by the University and more work is published. Of its leaders the most well known is Willa Cather the notable Nebraska author. In 1892 Cather became the literary editor of "The Hesperian" and a year later in November 1893 she is named the managing editor. Cather would hold this position until she graduates from the university in 1895. In the mid-2000s, the daily paper converted to publishing tri-weekly, on Mondays, Tuesdays and Fridays. Later, it switched to a twice a week schedule. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the DN will complete its transition to

Audrey Cooper

and the "Stockton Record", all in the San Francisco Bay area. She joined the "Chronicle" in 2006 as an assistant metro editor, rising to replace Stephen Proctor as managing editor in May 2013. Audrey Cooper Audrey Cooper (born 1977) is an American journalist. Hearst Corporation named her as editor-in-chief of the San Francisco Chronicle on January 13, 2015, making her the first woman to hold this position. Before Cooper's appointment, there were only two women editors-in-chief working at America's top 25 circulation daily newspapers, Newsday's Debbie Henley and Nancy Barnes of the Houston Chronicle. Cooper grew up in the Kansas

Champika Liyanaarachchi

was a member of the Board of Directors of the Commonwealth Journalists Association (CJA) from 2003 – 2012. Winner of Zonta – Woman of Achievement in Media 2004 award she was a speaker at the 2009 World Editors’ Forum as well. Champika Liyanaarachchi The First woman to be the editor of a daily newspaper in Sri Lanka, Champika Liyanaarachchi was the Editor of Sri Lanka’s largest selling independent English daily, the Daily Mirror from January 2007- January 2015. She stepped down from editor post in January 2015, at the helm of her career, on completing eight years as editor. Currently

Christine Kay

of roles including weekend editor. She became assistant metropolitan editor in 1998, handling enterprise pieces and special projects, after having worked in a variety of assigning and editing jobs on the metro desk since 1995. Christine Kay Christine Kay (born 1964) is a journalist who served as an editor in the Investigations section of "The New York Times". As of April 14, 2015, Kay moved to a new role as Enterprise Consultant. Previously she had served as the deputy editor of the Op-Ed page of the "Times" beginning in 2003. Kay graduated from Pennsylvania State University in 1985 with a


Question: What meat is traditionally used in a Wiener Schnitzel?

Schnitzel

dietary kashrut laws, which do not allow pork to be used. Additionally, clarified butter, the preferred cooking fat for Austrian "Wiener Schnitzel", is impermissible for kosher use, as it is a dairy product forbidden from use with meat; vegetable oils are therefore preferred. Before frying, the schnitzel is coated with a mixture of beaten eggs and bread crumbs, sometimes spiced with paprika or sesame seeds. The Israeli schnitzel is usually served with mashed potatoes, French fries, rice, or pasta, accompanied by ketchup, hummus, or vegetable salad. The schnitzel tradition was brought to Israel by Ashkenazi Jews coming from Europe, among

Wiener schnitzel

be scooped from the pan with a spoon and poured onto the meat. The Schnitzel is cooked after it turns golden yellow or brown. The dish is traditionally served in Austria with "Kopfsalat" (lettuce tossed with a sweetened vinaigrette dressing, optionally with chopped chives or onions), potato salad, cucumber salad, or parsley potatoes. Currently it is also served with rice, french fries or roasted potatoes. It is common to serve it with a slice of lemon, to give the bread crumbs more taste, and a sprig of parsley. "It has however become common in Northern Germany to serve it with

Breaded cutlet

with a hammer (escalope-style preparation), coated in bread crumbs and fried. In Austria, the dish called "Wiener Schnitzel" (Viennese schnitzel) is from veal and is traditionally garnished with a slice of lemon and either potato salad or potatoes with parsley and butter. In Austria and Germany, the term "Wiener Schnitzel" is protected by law and the schnitzel must be made from veal. There are also regional versions of schnitzel, such as Salzburger schnitzel, which is stuffed with mushrooms, bacon, onions, and various other herbs. Tonkatsu is popular in Japan, where either chicken or pork is used for meat and panko

Schnitzel

"Snitzel", is a diminutive of "Sniz" 'slice'. The term "Wiener Schnitzel" itself dates to at least 1845. The dish called is a popular part of Viennese cuisine. It is made of veal and is traditionally garnished with a slice of lemon and either potato salad or potatoes with parsley and butter. The term is a protected geographical indication in Austria and Germany and can only be made of veal. When any other kind of meat is used, the dish must be called ("Viennese Schnitzel of pig/turkey/chicken") or ("Schnitzel Viennese style") to differentiate it from the veal original. The English term

Schnitzel

"Wiener schnitzel" is very popular in Hungary, known as "bécsi szelet" (Viennese slice), "borjú bécsi" (Viennese veal) or "rántott hús" (breaded meat). It is served in restaurants, and is a common meal in Hungarian homes, prepared often on Sundays or for festivities with "spätzle", French fries, mashed potatoes, or rice. Alternatively, green peas or other vegetables can be used as side dish. Bread and salad (or pickles) often accompany the meal. Some restaurants offer the "cordon bleu" variant, a slice of schnitzel rolled and filled with cheese and ham. Schnitzel is popular in Iran, where it is known as "shenitsel"

Wiener schnitzel

Wiener schnitzel

Wiener schnitzel ( ; ), sometimes spelled Wienerschnitzel, is a type of schnitzel made of a thin, breaded, pan-fried veal cutlet.

It is one of the best known specialities of Viennese cuisine, and one of the national dishes of Austria.

Schnitzel

Schnitzel

A schnitzel is a thin slice of meat. The meat is usually thinned by pounding with a meat tenderizer. Most commonly, the meat is breaded before frying. Breaded schnitzel is popular in many countries and is made using veal, pork, chicken, mutton, beef, or turkey. Schnitzel is very similar to the dish "escalope" in France and Spain, "tonkatsu" in Japan, "cotoletta" in Italy, "kotlet schabowy" in Poland, "milanesa" in Argentina, "chuleta valluna" in Colombia, and chicken-fried steak and pork tenderloin of the United States.

Austrian cuisine

Austrian cuisine

Austrian cuisine () is a style of cuisine native to Austria and composed of influences from Central Europe and throughout the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. Austrian cuisine is most often associated with Viennese cuisine, but there are significant regional variations.
Section::::Mealtimes.
Breakfast is of the "continental" type, usually consisting of bread rolls with either jam or cold meats and cheese, accompanied by coffee, tea or juice. The midday meal was traditionally the main meal of the day, but in modern times as Austrians work longer hours further from home this is no longer the case. The main meal is now often taken in the evening.

A mid-morning or mid-afternoon snack of a slice of bread topped with cheese or ham is referred to as a "Jause"; a more substantial version akin to a British "ploughman's lunch" is called a "Brettljause" after the wooden board on which it is traditionally served.

Chicken-fried steak

List of veal dishes

List of veal dishes

This is a list of veal dishes, which use or may use veal as a primary ingredient. Veal is the meat of young calves, in contrast to the beef from older cattle. Though veal can be produced from a calf of either sex and any breed, most veal comes from male calves. Generally, veal is more expensive than beef from older cattle.

Israeli cuisine

Europe, but before and during the early years of the State of Israel veal was unobtainable and chicken or turkey was an inexpensive and tasty substitute. Furthermore, a Wiener schnitzel is cooked in both butter and oil, but in Israel only oil is used, because of kashrut. Today, most cooks buy schnitzel already breaded and serve it with hummus, tahina, and other salads for a quick main meal. Other immigrant groups have added variations from their own backgrounds; Yemenite Jews, for example, flavor it with hawaij. In addition, vegetarian versions have become popular and the Israeli food company, Tiv′ol, was

Wiener schnitzel

Wiener schnitzel Wiener schnitzel ( ; ), sometimes spelled Wienerschnitzel, as in Austrian, is a type of schnitzel made of a thin, breaded, pan-fried veal cutlet. It is one of the best known specialities of Viennese cuisine, and one of the national dishes of Austria. The designation "" first appeared in the 19th century, with the first known mention in a cookbook from 1831. In the popular southern German cookbook by Katharina Prato, it was mentioned as "eingebröselte Kalbsschnitzchen" (roughly translated: "crusted veal cutlets"). According to a tale, field marshal Joseph Radetzky von Radetz brought the recipe from Italy to

Schnitzel

and in recent years, beef and pork schnitzels have also become widely available. Schnitzel in Spain is "San Jacobo" or "cachopo", and is usually made with veal or also commonly ham and cheese. For generations it was enjoyed, together with potato omelets, on family picnics in the countryside. In Sweden, the dish is called "schnitzel" or "Wienerschnitzel", and is made most commonly of pork, and is often decorated with a caper-filled circle of either genuine anchovies or the Swedish "fake" "ansjovis" (made of brine-cured sprats). It is served with rice, fries, or boiled potatoes, and green peas. Schnitzel, "Schnipo, Wienerschnitzel",

Wiener schnitzel

lemon, cucumber slices, sardines and capers, to achieve a pleasant appearance". A popular variation is made with pork instead of veal, because pork is cheaper than veal (usually about half the price). To avoid mixing up different products, the Austrian and German food committees have decided that a "Wiener Schnitzel" must be made of veal. A Schnitzel made of pork can be called "Schnitzel Wiener Art" ("Viennese style schnitzel") or "Wiener Schnitzel vom Schwein" ("Viennese schnitzel from pork"). The "Verwaltungsgericht Arnsberg" 2009 decided about the acceptability of the latter name. The result was that in common parlance in Germany, a

Wiener schnitzel

"Wiener Schnitzel" no more referred exclusively to a veal dish, but instead to a breaded steak in general. Similar dishes to Wiener schnitzel include ' (from cured meat), and breaded turkey or chicken steaks. Similarly prepared dishes include ', schnitzel cordon bleu filled with ham and cheese and "Pariser Schnitzel". The American chicken-fried steak is often said to be closely related to Wiener schnitzel, the result of the adaptation of the recipe by German or Austrian immigrants to the Texas Hill Country to locally available ingredients. Tonkatsu is a similar, fried pork cutlet from Japanese cuisine, is thicker than its

Green sauce

eggs or roast beef brisket. It may also be served with cooked fish or roast beef, or as a side dish to barbecue. A local schnitzel specialty, called Frankfurter Schnitzel, is always served with green sauce, along with apple cider (Apfelwein) as a traditional accompanying drink. Green sauce was supposedly Goethe's favourite condiment; a legend that his mother invented it is likely apocryphal. The local importance of the dish is shown by the abundance of green sauce at local markets and by the Green Sauce Monument installed in Frankfurt-Oberrad in 2007. The latter consists of seven small greenhouses with the

Wiener schnitzel

European counterparts and widespread in Japan and South Korea. In the Southern Cone, particularly in Argentina and Uruguay, a similar dish is milanesa, often served with french fries or mashed potatoes. In Israel, Schnitzel is one of the most popular dishes served. It was first introduced by European Jews who immigrated to Israel during the mid-1900’s. Due to food shortage at that time and the high cost of meat and veal, the local version was made of chicken breast which was relatively inexpensive. Till this day, the Israeli Schnitzel is made of chicken. Wiener schnitzel Wiener schnitzel ( ; ),

Wiener schnitzel

salted, and rolled in flour, whipped eggs and bread crumbs. The bread crumbs must not be pressed into the meat, so that they stay dry and can be "souffléd". Finally the Schnitzel is fried in a good proportion of lard or clarified butter at a temperature from 160 to 170 °C until it is golden yellow. The Schnitzel must swim in the fat, otherwise it will not cook evenly: the fat cools too much and intrudes into the bread crumbs, moistening them. During the frying the Schnitzel is repeatedly slightly tossed around the pan. Also during the frying, fat can

Schnitzel

"Wieninleike" ("Viennese cutlet"), is almost always made of pork, breaded and fried like the original. It is usually served with French fries, potato mash, or wedge potatoes. A slice of lemon, a slice of anchovy, and a few capers are placed on top of the cutlet. Usually, the dish also includes a small amount of salad made from fresh vegetables. The dish was extremely popular between the end of the Second World War and the 1990s, when it could be found in virtually any low-end restaurant across Finland. In the past decades, its popularity has been dimmed by the rise

Schnitzel

a schnitzel topped with Italian tomato sauce, cheese, and occasionally ham. At pubs, schnitzel is typically accompanied by chips (French fries), salad, and sometimes bacon. Plain and parmigiana schnitzels are sometimes respectively known by colloquial names "Schnitty", "Schnitter", and "Parma" or "Parmie". Wiener Schnitzel, a very thin, breaded and pan fried cutlet made from veal, is one of the best known specialities of Viennese cuisine, and is one of the national dishes of Austria. Other popular variants in Austria are: In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the dish is called "Bečka Šnicla" or "Bečki Odrezak" ("Bečki" = "Viennese"; Šnicla = transliteration of

Schnitzel

includes recipes of schnitzel prepared from pork, as well as beef, veal, and chicken. In Serbia, the dish is called "bečka šnicla" (Viennese schnitzel). A local urban legend states the dish originated in Serbia and not in Austria, but no one can say why. In Serbia, word Schnitzel is used to describe for any cutlet, not just breaded meat. Schnitzel is highly popular in Slovakia, a country bordering Austria, where it is referred to as "vyprážaný rezeň". or simply "rezeň" (in the Western parts colloquially also "schnitzel"). It is often made of pork or chicken, and is typically served with

Steak

and mutton were eaten because cattle were seldom bred. In contemporary Argentina, where steak consumption is very high, steak is a significant part of the national cuisine and the barbecue asado has the status of a national dish. In Austria, the national dish is Wiener Schnitzel, which is a type of steak made from veal. Advice on butchery and recipes for American black bear steak and chops is provided by US governments. Many types of beefsteak exist. The more tender cuts of beef, from the loin and rib, are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole. Less tender cuts

Schnitzel

German "Schnitzel") and is made of veal or beef and usually served with mashed potatoes. Common garnishes include a slice of lemon or some lettuce. In Brazil, such preparations, designated "à milanesa" (Milanese-style), are quite common, especially in the more European-influenced southern region of the country. The meats of choice are beef or chicken, while veal and pork are relatively rare. Called шницел ("shnitsel"), it is made from ground veal, formed as a thin patty, seasoned with salt and black pepper, then breaded and fried. The dish usually is served with a choice of mashed or roasted potatoes, French fries,

Schnitzel

Schnitzel A schnitzel is meat, usually thinned by pounding with a meat tenderizer, that is fried in some kind of oil or fat. The term is most commonly used to refer to meats coated with flour, beaten eggs and bread crumbs, and then fried, but some variants such as Walliser Schnitzel are not breaded. Originating in Austria, the breaded schnitzel is popular in many countries and made using either chicken, veal, mutton, beef, turkey, or pork. It is very similar to the French dish escalope, and the milanesa of Mexico, Uruguay and Argentina. The German word "Schnitzel", Middle High German

Schnitzel

dressing. In the Netherlands (and Belgium) schnitzel is mostly made of pork and served with fries and vegetable salad. "Zigeunerschnitzel" (served with paprika) and "Cordon bleu" (Blue ribbon) are very popular. A typical Dutch variant is the 'gehaktschnitzel', a schnitzel made of minced meat. In Holland every butcher has his own variants. "Kotlet schabowy" is a classical and most popular recipe for boneless pork chop or pork tenderloin. It can also be made from chicken. In Portugal, schnitzel is called "bife panado" or just "panado" ("breaded"). Different varieties of" panado "can be made with chicken ("panado de frango"), turkey ("panado


Question: What, in Portugal, are azulejos?

(Decorative blue) Tiles
decorative blue tiles

Azulejo

Azulejo Azulejo ( or , or , from the Arabic "al zellige" "زليج") is a form of Spanish and Portuguese painted tin-glazed ceramic tilework. "Azulejos" are found on the interior and exterior of churches, palaces, ordinary houses, schools, and nowadays, restaurants, bars and even railways or subway stations. They were not only used as an ornamental art form, but also had a specific functional capacity like temperature control in homes. There is also a tradition of their production in former Spanish and Portuguese colonies in North America, South America, Goa, Africa (Angola and Mozambique), and the Philippines. "Azulejos" found particular

Sobrado Azulejado

Portugal is an early and well-preserved example of the azulejo-glazed building; similar sobrados were constructed in the Ladeira dos Aflitos, Boqueirão, and Soledade neighborhoods of Bahia. The azulejos of Sobrado Azulejado are of two general types, both white with blue design. Those around the window are in the "painting in the negative" technique, which originated in Belgium in the 17th century. They measure . Those that cover the majority of the facade are of the "a renda" design, a symmetrical type possibly influenced by design in Coimbra, Portugal. The ""a renda"" tiles measure . The Sobrado Azulejado was listed as

Mural

has allowed commercial mosaic mural makers to use computer programs to separate photographs into colors that are automatically cut and glued onto sheets of mesh creating precise murals fast and in large quantities. The azulejo (, ) refers to a typical form of Portuguese or Spanish painted, tin-glazed, ceramic tilework. They have become a typical aspect of Portuguese culture, manifesting without interruption during five centuries, the consecutive trends in art. Azulejos can be found inside and outside churches, palaces, ordinary houses and even railway stations or subway stations. They were not only used as an ornamental art form, but also

Azulejo

Coimbra. The use of "azulejos" for the decoration of antependia (front of an altar), imitating precious altar cloths, is typical for Portugal. The panel may be in one piece, or composed of two or three sections. They were used in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. Some antependia of the 17th century imitate oriental fabrics (calico, chintz). The golden fringes of the altar cloth were imitated by yellow motifs on the painted border tiles. Excellent examples can be found in the Hospital de Sta. Marta, Lisbon, or in the church of Almoster and the Convent of Buçaco. During the same

Azulejo

found in the Museu da Rainha D. Leonor in Beja, Portugal (the former "Convento da Conceição"). In the late 16th century, "checkered" azulejos were used as decoration for large surfaces, such as in churches and monasteries. Diagonally placed plain white tiles were surrounded by blue square ones and narrow border tiles. Shortly afterwards, these plain white tiles were replaced by polychrome tiles ("enxaquetado rico") often giving a complex framework such as in the Church of Santa Maria de Marvila in Santarém with one of the most outstanding tile-based interior decorations in Portugal. When the diagonal tiles were replaced by a

Azulejo

Azulejo

Azulejo (, ; from the Arabic "al-zillīj", ) is a form of Spanish and Portuguese painted tin-glazed ceramic tilework. "Azulejos" are found on the interior and exterior of churches, palaces, ordinary houses, schools, and nowadays, restaurants, bars and even railways or subway stations. They are an ornamental art form, but also had a specific functional capacity like temperature control in homes.

There is also a tradition of their production in former Spanish and Portuguese colonies in North America, South America, the Philippines, Goa (India), Lusophone Africa, East Timor, and Macau (China). "Azulejos" constitute a major aspect of Spanish architecture and Portuguese architecture to this day and are fixtures of buildings across Spain and Portugal and its former territories. Many azulejos chronicle major historical and cultural aspects of Spanish and Portuguese history.

National Museum of the Azulejo

National Museum of the Azulejo

The Museu Nacional do Azulejo (Portuguese for National Museum of the Azulejo), occasionally known in English as the National Tile Museum, is an art museum in Lisbon, Portugal dedicated to the azulejo, traditional tilework of Portugal and the former Portuguese Empire, as well as of other Iberophone cultures. Housed in the former Madre de Deus Convent, the museum's collection is one of the largest of ceramics in the world.

Category:Azulejos in Portugal

File:Azulejos Parque Eduardo VII-2.jpg

Category talk:Azulejos in buildings in Portugal

Azulejo

August 2017, a new law was put in place in order to prevent both the demolition of tile-covered buildings across the country, and the initiation of renovating operations that could mean the removal of tiles, even if they only affect the building's interior. Azulejo Azulejo ( or , or , from the Arabic "al zellige" "زليج") is a form of Spanish and Portuguese painted tin-glazed ceramic tilework. "Azulejos" are found on the interior and exterior of churches, palaces, ordinary houses, schools, and nowadays, restaurants, bars and even railways or subway stations. They were not only used as an ornamental art

Azulejo

produced in the 18th and 19th centuries. These are cut-out panels of "azulejos" with life-size figures (footmen, halberdiers, noblemen or elegantly dressed ladies), usually placed in entrances of palaces (see Palácio da Mitra), patios and stair landings. Their purpose was to welcome visitors. They can only be found in Portugal. In the 1740s the taste of Portuguese society changed from the monumental narrative panels to smaller and more delicately executed panels in Rococo style. These panels depict gallant and pastoral themes as they occur in the works of the French painter Antoine Watteau. Fine examples are the façade and the

Azulejo

city has been lost between the years 1980 and 2000. The main azulejo protection group in Portugal, SOS Azulejo, created in 2007 and that works as a dependency of Polícia Judiciária, has identified the limitation and control of the sale of ancient tiles in those markets as their main goal as of now. The city of Lisbon has also developed 'Banco do Azulejo', that collects and stores around 30 thousand tiles provenient from demolished or intervened buildings, and also from donations to the city, in a project similar to others existent in the cities of Aveiro, Porto and Ovar. In

Calves

and the woodcarvings were sold, as the owners feared robbery. From 1972, the public rooms and D. Hilda Chapel underwent improvement with Portuguese-Baroque woodcarving, to imitate the 16th- and 17th-century sanctuaries of the Minho region. Azulejos include hunting and countryside motifs. The chapel was reconsecrated in 1993. Calves Calves is a hamlet in Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal. It is divided between the parishes of Argivai and Beiriz and in the 2001 census it had 138 inhabitants. The factory of ("Beiriz Carpets") is also located there. The operation began in the early 20th century as an idea from Hilda d'Almeida Brandão

Azulejo

of the Renaissance style introduced by Italians artists, most azulejos were polychrome tile panels depicting allegorical or mythological scenes, scenes from the lives of saints or the Bible, or hunting scenes. Mannerism and the grotesque style, with its bizarre representations, had much influence on azulejos. Until the mid-16th century the Portuguese continued to rely on foreign imports, mostly from Spain, such as the "Annunciation" by Francisco Niculoso in Évora, but also on a smaller scale from Antwerp (Flanders), such as the two panels by Jan Bogaerts in the Paço Ducal of Vila Viçosa (Alentejo). One of the early Portuguese masters

Azulejo

success also in Liguria (Italy), due to the close relationships between both Christian and Islamic territories of the Iberian peninsula and the Republic of Genoa. Being imported at first (in most cases from Seville or the Nasrid Granada), they started to be produced "in situ" during the next centuries. Ligurian-made tiles inspired by "azulejos" are known as "laggioin" in Ligurian (; sing. "laggion") and, from this language, "laggioni" in Italian (; sing. "laggione"). "Azulejos" still constitute a major aspect of as they are applied on walls, floors and even ceilings. Many azulejos chronicle major historical and cultural aspects of Portuguese

Azulejo

in historic and often decayed buildings across Portugal, these type of tiles are vulnerable to vandalism, neglect and theft. In Lisbon, the tiles can sometimes be found for sale in street fairs and the black market, despite recent efforts to raise awareness among buyers, that are mainly foreign tourists. Since 2013 that it is forbidden to demolish buildings with tile-covered façades in this city, in an attempt to protect its cultural heritage from deterioration. The highest number of thefts does occur in the capital, and Lisbon authorities estimate that 25% of the total number of artistic tiles existent in that

National Azulejo Museum

National Azulejo Museum The National Azulejo Museum (Portuguese: "Museu Nacional do Azulejo") is a national museum in Lisbon, Portugal, dedicated to the azulejo. The museum is also referred to as The National Tile Museum. The National Tile Museum was established in 1965 and became a National Museum in 1980. It is located in the former Convent of Madre Deus, founded by Queen D. Leonor in 1509. The Museum went through different building campaigns that involved transformations such as in its 16th-century mannerist cloister; the church which is decorated with remarkable sets of paintings and tiles; the sacristy featuring a Brazilian

Azulejos (journal)

Azulejos (journal) Azulejos : Semanário Ilustrado de Ciências, Letras e Artes (Portuguese for "Titles: Weekly Illustrations of Sciences, Arts and Letters") was a review published in Lisbon, Portugal from September 1907 to February 1909. Five series of fifteen issues were published. The periodical was advertised as a journal open to all authors, but especially those who were as yet unknown, since the magazine specialized in promoting new writing talent. Subjects published varied from sporting life to spiritualism. Its head was Palermo de Faria, and the editorial team included Anacleto Oliveira, Bento Mântua, Xavier da Silva, Luís Cebola, Aarão de Lacerda,

National Azulejo Museum

wood display cabinet and carved wood frames with paintings; the high choir with rich carved gilt wood embellishments; the Chapel of Saint Anthony with an 18th-century Baroque decoration and a significant number of canvases by the painter André Gonçalves. The museum collection features decorative ceramic tiles or azulejos from the second half of the 15th century to the present day. Besides tiles, it includes ceramics, porcelain and faience from the 19th to the 20th century. Its permanent exhibition starts with a display of the materials and techniques used for manufacturing tiles. After this the exhibition route follows a chronological order.

Beja, Portugal

from the "quadra" of St. John the Evangelist. The ribbed vault of this square room was distempered during the renovations of 1727. The walls are covered with Arab-Hispanic azulejos with geometric and vegetal designs that are among the most important ceramic decorations in Portugal. Above the azulejos are some semicircular distempered paintings with religious themes: St. John the Baptist, St. John the Evangelist, St. Christopher, St. Clare and St. Francis of Assisi. The museum houses also an important collection of Flemish, Spanish and Portuguese paintings from the 15th to the 18th centuries, among them: The museum houses also the funeral

Azulejo

of the 16th century was Marçal de Matos, to whom "Susanna and the Elders" (1565), in Quinta da Bacalhoa, Azeitão, is attributed, as well as the "Adoration of the Shepherds" (in the National Museum of Azulejos in Lisbon). The "Miracle of St. Roque" (in the Church of S. Roque, Lisbon) is the first dated Portuguese "azulejo" composition (1584). It is the work of Francisco de Matos, probably the nephew and pupil of Marçal de Matos. Both drew their inspiration from Renaissance and Mannerist paintings and engravings from Italy and Flanders. A fine collection of 16th-century azulejos ("azulejos Hispano-mouriscos") can be

National Azulejo Museum

The permanent exhibition of the NAM is displayed in the rooms of ancient monastery and shows the history of tile heritage in Portugal from 16th century till the modern times. The church, the chapels of Saint Anthony and Queen Leonor, and the choir are parts of this exhibition as well. A number of exhibitions are displayed in the museum for a certain period, as "The Art of Tiles in Portugal" in 2000, "Ana Vilela tells her stories about tiles" in 2008, "Me and the Museum" in 2016,"From the Shadows of Kyoto to the Light of Lisbon" in 2017. National Azulejo

Azulejo

by academically trained Portuguese artists, became the dominant fashion, superseding the former taste for repeated patterns and abstract decoration. The late 17th and early 18th centuries became the 'Golden Age of the Azulejo', the so-called Cycle of the Masters ("Ciclo dos Mestres"). Mass production was started not just because of a greater internal demand, but also because of large orders came in from the Portuguese colony of Brazil. Large one-off orders were replaced by the less expensive use of repetitive tile patterns. Churches, monasteries, palaces and even houses were covered inside and outside with "azulejos", many with exuberant Baroque elements.

Sobrado Azulejado

a historic structure by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage in 1969. It is listed as Processo 717-T, inscription no. 417. The directive is dated August 30, 1969. Sobrado Azulejado The Sobrado Azulejado, also Sobrado de Azulejos, is a 19th-century sobrado (mansion) in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. It is located in the Comércio district on Praça Cayru, a public square, in close proximity to the Mercado Modelo, a public market. The house is entirely glazed in azulejo, a tin-glazed ceramic tile; all of the tiles of the sobrado were manufactured in Portugal. The structure was listed as a national


Question: What legal term, whose etymology comes from how editors traditionally indicated corrections to a written copy, means that a portion of contract is void but the other part is enforceable?

Blue pencil test
blue pencil doctrine
Blue pencil doctrine
blue pencil test

Blue pencil doctrine

leaving the rest intact. Blue pencil doctrine The blue pencil doctrine is a legal concept in common law countries, where a court finds that portions of a contract is void or unenforceable, but other portions of the contract are enforceable. The Blue Pencil Rule allows the legally-valid, enforceable provisions of the contract to stand despite the nullification of the legally-void, unenforceable provisions. However, the revised version must represent the original meaning; the rule may not be invoked, for example, to delete the word "not" and thereby change a negative to a positive. The term stems from the act of editing

Blue pencil doctrine

Blue pencil doctrine The blue pencil doctrine is a legal concept in common law countries, where a court finds that portions of a contract is void or unenforceable, but other portions of the contract are enforceable. The Blue Pencil Rule allows the legally-valid, enforceable provisions of the contract to stand despite the nullification of the legally-void, unenforceable provisions. However, the revised version must represent the original meaning; the rule may not be invoked, for example, to delete the word "not" and thereby change a negative to a positive. The term stems from the act of editing written copy with a

United States contract law

or even such as an X by an illiterate party. A contract that may otherwise be unenforceable under the statute of frauds may become enforceable under the doctrine of part performance. If the party seeking enforcement of the contract has partially or fulfilled its duties under the contract without objection from the other party, the performing party may be able to use its performance to hold the other party to the terms of the contract. No writing is required when: The last exception applies up to the quantity admitted, which may include the entire contract. This reversed the rule at

Indian Contract Act, 1872

An agreement enforceable by Law is a contract. Therefore, there must be an agreement and it should be enforceable by law. 8. Reciprocal Promises 2(f):- Promises which form the consideration or part of the consideration for each other are called 'reciprocal promises'. 9. Void agreement 2(g):- An agreement not enforceable by law is void. 10. Voidable contract 2(i):- An agreement is a voidable contract if it is enforceable by Law at the option of one or more of the parties there to (i.e. the aggrieved party), and it is not enforceable by Law at the option of the other or

Voidable contract

majority. After a reasonable period of time, the contract is deemed to be ratified and cannot be avoided. Other examples would be real estate contracts, lawyer contracts, etc. When a contract is entered into without the free consent of the party, it is considered a voidable contract. The definition of the act states that a voidable contract is enforceable by law at the option of one or more parties but not at option of the other parties. A voidable contract may be considered valid if it is not cancelled by the aggrieved party within a reasonable time. Voidable contract A

Contract

Contract

A contract is a legally enforceable agreement between or among two or more parties that mutually ratifies certain rights and promised obligations. (A binding agreement between actors in international law is known as a treaty.) A contract typically involves the transfer of goods, services, money, or a promise to transfer any of those at a future date. In the event of a breach of contract, the injured party may seek judicial remedies such as damages or rescission. Contract law, the field of the law of obligations concerned with contracts, is based on the principle that agreements must be honoured.

Contract law, like other areas of private law, varies between jurisdictions. The various systems of contract law can broadly be split between common law jurisdictions, civil law jurisdictions, and mixed law jurisdictions which combine elements of both common and civil law. Common law jurisdictions typically require contracts to include consideration in order to be valid, whereas civil and most mixed law jurisdictions solely require a meeting of the minds between the parties.

Within the overarching category of civil law jurisdictions, there are several distinct varieties of contract law with their own distinct criteria: the German tradition is characterised by the unique doctrine of abstraction, systems based on the Napoleonic Code are characterised by their systematic distinction between different types of contracts, and Roman-Dutch law is largely based on the writings of renaissance-era Dutch jurists and case law applying general principles of Roman law prior to the Netherlands' adoption of the Napoleonic Code. The UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, published in 2016, aim to provide a general harmonised framework for international contracts, independent of the divergences between national laws, as well as a statement of common contractual principles for arbitrators and judges to apply where national laws are lacking. Notably, the Principles reject the doctrine of consideration, arguing that elimination of the doctrine "bring[s] about greater certainty and reduce litigation" in international trade. The Principles also rejected the abstraction principle on the grounds that it and similar doctrines are "not easily compatible with modern business perceptions and practice".<ref name="UPICC" />

Contract law can be contrasted with tort law (also referred to in some jurisdictions as the law of delicts), the other major area of the law of obligations. While tort law generally deals with private duties and obligations that exist by operation of law, and provide remedies for civil wrongs committed between individuals not in a pre-existing legal relationship, contract law provides for the creation and enforcement of duties and obligations through a prior agreement between parties. The emergence of quasi-contracts, quasi-torts, and quasi-delicts renders the boundary between tort and contract law somewhat uncertain.

Treaty

Treaty

A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal persons. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, pact, or exchange of letters, among other terms. However, only documents that are legally binding on the parties are considered treaties under international law. Treaties vary on the basis of obligations (the extent to which states are bound to the rules), precision (the extent to which the rules are unambiguous), and delegation (the extent to which third parties have authority to interpret, apply and make rules).

Treaties are among the earliest manifestations of international relations, with the first known example being a border agreement between the Sumerian city-states of Lagash and Umma around 3100 BC. International agreements were used in some form by most major civilizations, growing in both sophistication and number during the early modern era. The early 19th century saw developments in diplomacy, foreign policy, and international law reflected by the widespread use of treaties. The 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties codified these practices, setting forth guidelines and rules for creating, amending, interpreting, and terminating treaties and for resolving disputes and alleged breaches.

Treaties are roughly analogous to contracts in that they establish the rights and binding obligations of the parties. They vary significantly in form, substance, and complexity and govern a wide variety of matters, such as security, trade, environment, and human rights. Treaties may be bilateral (between two countries) or multilateral (involving more than two countries). They may also be used to establish international institutions, such as the International Criminal Court and the United Nations, for which they often provide a governing framework. Treaties serve as primary sources of international law and have codified or established most international legal principles since the early 20th century.

Notwithstanding the Law of Treaties and customary international law, treaties are not required to follow any standard form.

List of Latin legal terms

List of Latin legal terms

A number of Latin terms are used in legal terminology and legal maxims. This is a partial list of these terms, which are wholly or substantially drawn from Latin.

United States Code

United States Code

In the law of the United States, the Code of Laws of the United States of America (variously abbreviated to Code of Laws of the United States, United States Code, U.S. Code, U.S.C., or USC) is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes. It contains 53 titles (Titles 1–54, excepting Title 53, which is reserved for a proposed title on small business). The main edition is published every six years by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives, and cumulative supplements are published annually. The official version of these laws appears in the "United States Statutes at Large", a chronological, uncodified compilation.

Sharia

Sharia

Sharia (; ) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam and is based on the sacred scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and the Hadith. or the Umayyads.

It may also be wrong to think that the Sharia, as a religious argument or belief, is entirely within or related to Allah's commands and prohibitions. Several non-graded crimes are mentioned in the Qur'an, and they are met with qisas or a single ungraded corporal punishment. Many regulations such as tazir punishments, which are not included in the few crimes called hudud, rajm, which is considered contrary to the Qur'an by some jurists and the sharp distinction between free women and concubines in women's clothing can be counted within this scope.

Traditional theory of Islamic jurisprudence recognizes four sources of Sharia: the "Quran", "sunnah" (authentic hadith), "qiyas" (analogical reasoning), and "ijma" (juridical consensus). Different legal schools—of which the most prominent are Hanafi, Maliki, Shafiʽi, Hanbali, and Jaʽfari—developed methodologies for deriving Sharia rulings from scriptural sources using a process known as "ijtihad". Traditional jurisprudence ("fiqh") distinguishes two principal branches of law, "ʿibādāt" (rituals) and "muʿāmalāt" (social relations), which together comprise a wide range of topics. Fiqh was elaborated over the centuries by legal opinions (fatwas) issued by qualified jurists (muftis) and historically applied in Sharia courts by ruler-appointed judges,<ref name=ODI/> complemented by various economic, criminal and administrative laws issued by Muslim rulers.

In the 21st century, the role of Sharia has become an increasingly contested topic around the world especially on political basis. There are ongoing theoretical debates as to whether Sharia is compatible with democracy, human rights, freedom of thought, women's rights, LGBT rights, and banking. The European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg (ECtHR) ruled in several cases that Sharia is "incompatible with the fundamental principles of democracy". Some traditional practices include serious violations of human rights, especially on women and freedom of religion. Jihad, looting which is one of the actions based on the classical Shariah understanding, (seizure of goods and people, sexual slavery) are among the topics that can be discussed separately within the scope of war crimes and crimes against humanity.

The manner of its application in modern times has been a subject of dispute between Muslim fundamentalists and modernists. and should be abandoned. In some cases, this resulted in traditionalist legal reform, while other countries witnessed juridical reinterpretation of Sharia advocated by progressive reformers.

Voidable contract

Voidable contract A voidable contract, unlike a void contract, is a valid contract which may be either affirmed or rejected at the option of one of the parties. At most, one party to the contract is bound. The unbound party may repudiate (reject) the contract, at which time the contract becomes void. Typical grounds for a contract being voidable include coercion, undue influence, misrepresentation or fraud. A contract made by a minor is often voidable, but a minor can only avoid a contract during his or her minority status and for a reasonable time after he reaches the age of

Indian Contract Act, 1872

others. 11. Void contract 2(j) :- A contract which ceases to be enforceable by Law becomes void when it ceases to be enforceable. According to Section 2(b), "When the person to whom the proposal is made, signifies his assent thereto, the proposal is said to be accepted. A proposal, when accepted, becomes a promise." Rules:- Silence does not per-se amounts to communication- Bank of India Ltd. Vs. Rustom Cowasjee- AIR 1955 Bom. 419 at P. 430; 57 Bom. L.R. 850- Mere silence cannot amount to any assent. It does not even amount to any representation on which any plea of

Voidable

Voidable Voidable, in law, is a transaction or action that is valid but may be annulled by one of the parties to the transaction. Voidable is usually used in distinction to void ab initio (or void from the outset) and unenforceable. The act of invalidating the contract by the party exercising its rights to annul the voidable contract is usually referred to either as "voiding" the contract (in the United States and Canada) or "avoiding" the contract (in the United Kingdom, Australia and other common law countries). "Black's Law Dictionary" (relevant to US law) defines voidable as follows: Generally speaking,

English contract law

Under the Companies Act 2006 sections 39 and 40, if a third party contracting with the company in bad faith takes advantage of a director or officer to procure an agreement, that contract will be wholly void. This is a high threshold, and in practice no longer relevant, particularly since 2006 companies may elect to have unrestricted objects. It is more likely that a contract ceases to be enforceable because, as a matter of the law of agency the third party should have reasonably known that the person contracting lacked authority to enter an agreement. In this situation a contract

Feet of fines

both parties bring a suit before the royal courts. The resulting decision was thus given "royal sanction". At first, two copies of the agreement ("fine") were made, created as chirographs: i.e. the text was written in duplicate on a single piece of parchment, which was then cut in half, one copy going to each of the litigants. Under Hubert Walter's justiciarship, probably about 1195, the practice was started of writing the text in triplicate, so that a third copy could be filed in the Treasury. This copy of the text was written at the foot of the piece of parchment,

Mistake (contract law)

is barred by the Indian law of Limitation; the contract is not voidable. Mistake of Fact: Where both the parties enter into an agreement are under a mistake as to a matter of fact essential to the agreement, the agreement is void. Explanation: An erroneous opinion as to the value of the thing which forms the subject-matter of the agreement is not to be deemed a mistake as to a matter of fact. Illustration: A sells a cow to B for $80 because it is an infertile cow. The cow is actually pregnant and worth $1000. The contract is void.

Void contract

Void contract An agreement to carry out an illegal act is an example of a void agreement. For example, a contract between drug dealers and buyers is a void contract simply because the terms of the contract are illegal. In such a case, neither party can go to court to enforce the contract. A void agreement is void ab initio, i e from the beginning while a voidable contract can be voidable by one or all of the parties. A voidable contract is not void ab initio, rather, it becomes void later due to some changes in condition. In sum,

Four corners (law)

the intended understanding as written in the contract. However, the Four Corners Doctrine prohibits a party from introducing evidence to interpret an unambiguous term. The doctrine also requires a court to discern what the contracting parties intended by using the whole document; no cherry picking. Most commercial contracts contain a clause entitled either "Merger", "Integration", or "Entire Agreement". In this clause, there would usually be language indicating that the parties' understanding of the other provisions of the contract are contained within the four corners of the same. Many modern contracts have taken it further to state that the entire agreement

Law of obligations (Bulgaria)

their defectiveness from their conclusion and where a conformation is usually not possible. Contracts contravening or circumventing the law, as well as contracts infringing good morals, including contracts on inheritance that does not exist as yet, shall be null and void. Null and void shall also be those contracts that have an impossible subject, as well as the contracts which lack either consent or a form prescribed by law, or grounds. Fictitious contracts are also null and void. The grounds shall be presumed to exist until otherwise proved. The invalidity of few clauses does not render the entire contract void

Ab initio

"ab initio"" means "to be treated as invalid from the outset." E.g., in many jurisdictions, if a person signs a contract under duress, that contract is treated as being "void "ab initio"". Typically, documents or acts which are void "ab initio" cannot be fixed and if a jurisdiction, a document or an act is so declared at law to be void "ab initio", the parties are returned to their respective positions that they were at the beginning of the event. "Void "ab initio"" is often contrasted with "voidable", such documents which become void only as of the date of the

English contract law

clear when people have truly agreed in a subjective sense, English law takes the view that when one person objectively manifests their consent to a bargain, they will be bound. However, not all agreements, even if they are relatively certain in subject matter, are considered enforceable. There is a rebuttable presumption that people do not wish to later have legal enforcement of agreements made socially or domestically. The general rule is that contracts require no prescribed form, such as being in writing, except where statute requires it, usually for large deals like the sale of land. In addition and in

Australian contract law

contract was entered into may have been intended to operate as terms, not all such statements will in fact operate as terms. Whether or not a statement made during negotiations is an enforceable term depends on whether or not the contract is one that is fully in writing, or one that contains an oral agreement. If a contract is fully in writing, then no statements made outside of the contractual document will be enforceable. This is known as the Parol evidence rule. This is sometimes made even more explicit by the inclusion of an entire agreement clause, which clarifies that

Void contract

void. A void contract can be one in which any of the prerequisites of a valid contract is/are absent for example if there is no contractual capacity, the contract can be deemed as void. In fact, void means that a contract does not exist at all. The law can not enforce any legal obligation to either party especially the disappointed party because they are not entitled to any protective laws as far as contracts are concerned. An agreement may be void if any of the following: Void contract An agreement to carry out an illegal act is an example of

Severability

that it would have passed each part, and each provision, section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase or word thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, word, provision or application be declared illegal, invalid, unenforceable, and/or unconstitutional. Many laws have clauses specifying clearly the exact opposite, in which only all parts of the law taken together can be enforced: "This act is to be construed as a whole, and all parts of it are to be read and construed together. If any part of this act shall be adjudged by any court of competent

Four corners (law)

is contained within the agreement and that the agreement supersedes all prior understandings. The following is an incomplete list of examples where courts used the Four Corners Doctrine while interpreting the disputed-document: Four corners (law) Four Corners Rule is the meaning of a written document such as a contract, will, or deed as represented solely by its textual content. This term may also be applicable to other legal instruments. In contract interpretation, the Four Corners Rule refers to a common law doctrine dating back to old English courts that requires the court to resolve contractual disputes based on the words