Question: Who is the current World Snooker Champion?

Stewart Bingham
Stuart Bingham
ball run
Ball-Run
stewart bingham
stuart bingham

Mark Williams (snooker player)

MBE in June 2004. Mark Williams (snooker player) Mark James Williams, (born 21 March 1975) is a Welsh professional snooker player who is a three-time World Champion, winning in 2000, 2003, and 2018. As the current World Champion, he is due to defend his title at the 2019 World Snooker Championship in April/May 2019. Aged 43 when he triumphed in May 2018, he became the second oldest winner of the World Championship at the Crucible (Ray Reardon was the oldest winner in 1978, aged 45). Often noted for his single-ball long potting ability, Williams has earned the nickname "The Welsh

Mark Williams (snooker player)

Mark Williams (snooker player) Mark James Williams, (born 21 March 1975) is a Welsh professional snooker player who is a three-time World Champion, winning in 2000, 2003, and 2018. As the current World Champion, he is due to defend his title at the 2019 World Snooker Championship in April/May 2019. Aged 43 when he triumphed in May 2018, he became the second oldest winner of the World Championship at the Crucible (Ray Reardon was the oldest winner in 1978, aged 45). Often noted for his single-ball long potting ability, Williams has earned the nickname "The Welsh Potting Machine". Williams has

World Snooker Championship

the title after Horace Lindrum, Cliff Thorburn and Ken Doherty. John Higgins won his fourth world title in 2011, beating Judd Trump 18–15 in the final. 21-year-old Trump became the youngest finalist since Stephen Hendry in 1990. Trump had beaten David Gilbert in the qualifying competition and then defeated defending champion Neil Robertson in the first round. Ronnie O'Sullivan won his fourth world title in 2012, defeating Ali Carter 18–11 in the final. On the opening day Hendry made his third maximum break at the Crucible, equalling Ronnie O'Sullivan's record. He announced his retirement from professional snooker following his loss

2018 World Snooker Championship

They included Ronnie O'Sullivan (five titles: 2001, 2004, 2008, 2012–13), John Higgins (four titles: 1998, 2007, 2009, 2011), Mark Selby (three titles and two-time defending champion: 2014, 2016–17), Mark Williams (two titles: 2000 and 2003), Shaun Murphy (one title: 2005), Graeme Dott (one title: 2006), Neil Robertson (one title: 2010), and Stuart Bingham (one title: 2015). O'Sullivan was making his 26th consecutive appearance in the final stages of the World Championship since his debut in 1993. This is one short of Stephen Hendry's record of 27 consecutive appearances and four short of Steve Davis's record of 30 total appearances. Five

Ray Edmonds

only player to have won this title as well as two World Amateur titles at snooker. Edmonds was less successful as a professional, but became World Professional Billiards Champion in 1985. Edmonds set up the Ray Edmonds Snooker Centre in Grimsby in December 1983. He has worked also a snooker commentator with both ITV and the BBC, before retiring in 2004.He now resides in Spain. Ray Edmonds Ray Edmonds (born 25 April 1936 in Grimsby, Lincolnshire) is a former English professional player of English billiards and snooker. He twice won the World Amateur Snooker title, and won the World Professional

World Snooker Championship

World Snooker Championship

The World Snooker Championship is the longest-running and most prestigious tournament in professional snooker. It is also the wealthiest, with total prize money in 2022 of £2,395,000, including £500,000 for the winner. First held in 1927, it is now one of the three tournaments (together with the UK Championship and the invitational Masters) that make up snooker's Triple Crown Series. The reigning world champion is Ronnie O'Sullivan.

Joe Davis dominated the tournament over its first two decades, winning the first 15 world championships before he retired undefeated after his final victory in 1946. The distinctive World Championship trophy, topped by a Greek shepherdess figurine, was acquired by Davis in 1926 for £19 and continues in use to this day. No tournaments were held between 1941 and 1945 due to World War II, or between 1952 and 1963 due to a dispute between the Professional Billiards Players' Association (PBPA) and the Billiards Association and Control Council (BACC). The PBPA held an unofficial alternative, the World Professional Match-play Championship, between 1952 and 1957. The official championship was revived on a challenge basis in 1964.

The World Snooker Championship reverted to a knockout tournament format in 1969, beginning what is now known as snooker's modern era. It has taken place annually since then, with every championship since 1977 staged at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield. Under a format that has remained largely unchanged since 1982, 32 players reach the Crucible each year; the top 16 players in the world rankings qualify automatically, while another 16 players win places through a qualification tournament. Only three qualifiers have ever won the tournament: Alex Higgins in 1972, Terry Griffiths in 1979, and Shaun Murphy in 2005.

Stephen Hendry and Ronnie O'Sullivan hold the joint record of seven world titles each in the modern era. Both Ray Reardon and Steve Davis have won six titles; John Higgins and Mark Selby four; John Spencer and Mark Williams three; and Alex Higgins two. The youngest champion in the tournament's history is Hendry, who won his first title in 1990, aged 21 years and 106 days. O'Sullivan became the oldest champion in 2022, winning his seventh title aged 46 years and 148 days. Steve Davis and O'Sullivan jointly hold the record for the most Crucible appearances, with 30 each, although O'Sullivan has made the most consecutive appearances, having taken part in the tournament every year between 1993 and 2022. Twelve maximum breaks have been made in the history of the tournament, Cliff Thorburn having achieved the first in 1983. A record 109 century breaks were made at the Crucible in 2022.

List of World Snooker Championship winners

The World Snooker Championship is an annual snooker tournament founded in 1927 and since 1977 played at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. The tournament is now played over seventeen days in late April and early May, and is chronologically the third of the three Triple Crown events of the season since the 1977–78 snooker season, when the UK Championship was first held. The event was not held from 1941 to 1945 because of World War II and between 1958 and 1963 due to declining interest from players.<ref name="GUINNESS"/>

The most successful player at the World Snooker Championship is Joe Davis, who won fifteen consecutive titles between 1927 and 1946. The record in the modern era, usually dated from the reintroduction in 1969 of a knock-out tournament format, rather than a challenge format, is shared by Stephen Hendry and Ronnie O'Sullivan, both having won the title seven times.

2021 World Snooker Championship

2021 World Snooker Championship

The 2021 World Snooker Championship (officially the 2021 Betfred World Snooker Championship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 17 April to 3 May 2021 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. It was the 45th consecutive year the World Snooker Championship was held at the Crucible Theatre and the 15th and final ranking event of the 2020–21 snooker season. It was organised by the World Snooker Tour. The event was sponsored by sports betting company Betfred and broadcast by the BBC, Eurosport and Matchroom Sport. It featured a total prize fund of £2,395,000 of which the winner received £500,000.

Qualifying for the tournament took place between 5 and 14 April 2021 at the English Institute of Sport in Sheffield. There were 128 participants in the qualifying rounds, consisting of a mix of professional and invited amateur players. The main stage of the tournament featured 32 players: the top 16 players from the snooker world rankings and an additional 16 players from the qualifying rounds. Ronnie O'Sullivan was the defending champion, having won his sixth world title at the previous year's event, where he defeated Kyren Wilson 18–8 in the final. O'Sullivan lost in the second round to Anthony McGill 12–13. Mark Selby defeated Shaun Murphy 18–15 in the final to win his fourth world title and the 20th ranking title of his career. There were a record 108 century breaks made at the Crucible, with an additional 106 made in qualifying rounds. The tournament's highest break was 144 by Murphy in the second round.

World Women's Snooker Championship

World Women's Snooker Championship

The World Women's Snooker Championship (formerly known as the Women's World Open Championship from 1976 to 1981 and the World Ladies Snooker Championship from 1983 to 2018) is the leading tournament on the World Women's Snooker Tour. The reigning champion is Nutcharut Wongharuthai.

Beginning in 2022, the women's world champion will automatically receive a place on the main professional World Snooker Tour. If the tournament winner already has a place on the professional tour, the next highest ranked player will receive a place.

IBSF World Snooker Championship

IBSF World Snooker Championship

The IBSF World Snooker Championship (also known as the World Amateur Snooker Championship) is the premier non-professional snooker tournament in the world. The event series is sanctioned by the International Billiards and Snooker Federation. A number of IBSF champions have gone on to successful careers in the Pro ranks, notably Jimmy White (1980), James Wattana (1988), Ken Doherty (1989), Stuart Bingham (1996), Marco Fu (1997), Stephen Maguire (2000) and Mark Allen (2004). Both Ken Doherty (in 1997) and Stuart Bingham (in 2015) have gone on to win the professional World Snooker Championship .

World Snooker Championship

Mark Selby won the world title in 2014 by beating defending champion Ronnie O'Sullivan 18–14 in the final, having trailed 5–10. Selby won a record £300,000 for his victory; the prize exceeding the previous highest of £270,000 in 2003, although prize money for first-round losers remained at £12,000. Selby lost 9–13 in the second round of the 2015 Championship to Crucible debutant Anthony McGill. Stuart Bingham won the title, defeating Ronnie O'Sullivan 13–9 in the quarter-finals, Judd Trump 17–16 in the semi-finals, and Shaun Murphy 18–15 in the final to win the first world title of his 20-year professional career.

2018 World Snooker Championship

the World Championship. Having defeated Zhou Yuelong in 2017, he faced Xiao Guodong in 2018. Ding came out as a comfortable 10–3 winner, despite losing the opening two frames of the match. Two more qualifiers won their first round matches. Ricky Walden defeated Luca Brecel 10–6. Walden was originally five frames ahead at 8–3; Brecel won the next three frames, bringing the score to 8–6, before Walden won the final two frames of the match. Jack Lisowski defeated 2015 World Snooker Champion Stuart Bingham 10–7, thereby securing his first world championship match win. Two-time champion Mark Williams defeated Jimmy Robertson

2018 World Snooker Championship

Trump took the final frame. Out of eight former world champions playing in the tournament main stage, three made it through to the second round. The three former champions to progress were Ronnie O'Sullivan (five-time champion), John Higgins (four-time champion) and Mark Williams (two-time champion), all professionals since 1992. The second round of the tournament saw matches being played as best of 25 frames (13 frames needed to win), played over three sessions. The first match of the second round was between Mark Allen, the current Masters champions, and Joe Perry, who defeated the world champion in the first round

World Snooker Championship

the World Championship, becoming the first player to score two 147s in the event. Ronnie O'Sullivan won his second world title in 2004 by defeating Graeme Dott 18–8 in the final, despite Dott having led 5–0. Shaun Murphy won the 2005 championship by defeating Matthew Stevens 18–16 in the final. Murphy was only the second qualifier to win the World Championship, after Terry Griffiths in 1979. Murphy won 2 qualifying matches and then 5 matches at the Crucible to take the title. Graeme Dott beat Peter Ebdon 18–14 in the 2006 final. The match finished at 00:52 am, the latest

Mark Selby

Mark Selby Mark Anthony Selby (born 19 June 1983) is an English professional snooker player. He is a three-time World Snooker Champion and is the current world number one. Selby joined the main professional snooker tour in 1999 at the age of 16, having played on the UK Challenge Tour in 1998. In 2007, he was runner-up to John Higgins at the World Snooker Championship. After winning three Masters titles in 2008, 2010, and 2013, two UK Championships in 2012 and 2016, and three World Championships in 2014, 2016 and 2017, he became the sixth player to win all of

John Higgins (snooker player)

Kyren Wilson and Barry Hawkins to reach his first World Championship final in six years and, at 41 years of age, be the oldest finalist in 35 years. It was also a rematch of the 2007 final as he faced Mark Selby and Higgins started well to take a 10–4 lead. He then lost 12 of the next 14 frames, but pulled back to 16–15 down, before Selby won the two frames he required to claim the title. Higgins would also reach the final of the 2018 World Snooker Championship – his 7 World Championship final – where he would

John Higgins (snooker player)

since Alex Higgins (1972, 1982), and the longest at The Crucible. He regained World no. 1 status. As World Champion, Higgins reached the quarter-final stages in only the Welsh and China Open tournaments. He helped to establish, and actively promoted, the World Series of Snooker – a tour intended to bring snooker to new venues outside the traditional United Kingdom and recently developed Far East markets. He won the inaugural event in St. Helier in June 2008, beating Mark Selby 6–3 in the final. Higgins also devised a new players' union with his manager Pat Mooney, called The Snooker Players

World Snooker Championship

played at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. The tournament is currently played over 17 days and ends on the first Monday in May. In the modern era (since 1969), the best record is that of Stephen Hendry, who won the title seven times. Steve Davis and Ray Reardon both won six times while Ronnie O'Sullivan has won five titles. The current champion is Mark Williams, who has won the tournament three times. The first championship was held in 1927 and was called the Professional Snooker Championship. It was the first important professional snooker tournament although the English Amateur Championship

John Higgins (snooker player)

1,000th century to be made at the Crucible Theatre, Sheffield since the World Championship was first staged there in 1977. In the final, Higgins held a 12–4 advantage over Mark Selby overnight, but Selby reduced his arrears to a single frame on day two. However, at 14–13, Higgins rediscovered his form to win four consecutive frames to clinch the match 18–13 to secure his second World title at 12:54 am, the latest finish to a World final (equalled when Neil Robertson beat Graeme Dott in 2010); and nine years after his first title – the longest time span between successes

John Higgins (snooker player)

victory over Shaun Murphy in the final to become the ninth player to win the World title three or more times after Joe Davis, Fred Davis, John Pulman, John Spencer, Ray Reardon, Steve Davis, Stephen Hendry and Ronnie O'Sullivan. He joined Steve Davis, Hendry and O'Sullivan as the only players to have lifted the trophy three or more times at The Crucible. At two weeks before his 34th birthday, Higgins became the oldest player to triumph since Dennis Taylor in 1985, who was 36 years of age. In the 2009/10 season, as reigning World Champion, he lost 5–6 on the

2012 World Snooker Championship

the title in 1985, O'Sullivan became the oldest world champion since 45-year-old Ray Reardon in 1978. John Higgins, the defending champion, lost 4–13 to Stephen Hendry in the second round. On the opening day of the televised stage Hendry made the 88th official maximum break, his third at the Crucible and the 11th of his career. He announced his retirement from professional snooker following his defeat by Stephen Maguire in the quarter-finals. The tournament was sponsored by online casino Betfred.com. This is to date, the last World Championship to feature a maximum break. The prize fund for the championship was

2015 World Snooker Championship

Crucible since 45-year-old Ray Reardon in 1978, although Reardon had already won five world titles at other venues by that point in his career. It was the third appearance in the final for Shaun Murphy, who won the title in 2005 with an 18–16 victory over Matthew Stevens and was runner-up in 2009 when he lost 9–18 to John Higgins. Murphy was attempting to become the first player since Alex Higgins to win a second world title ten years after his first. The final was refereed for the first time by Olivier Marteel, from Koksijde in West Flanders, Belgium. He

World Snooker Championship

final and setting another record for the latest finish in the final. Shaun Murphy came back from 7–12 down to win his quarter-final match against Matthew Stevens, but lost in the deciding frame of his semi-final to Mark Selby. The 2008 Championship was won by Ronnie O'Sullivan who beat Ali Carter 18–8 in the final. Both O'Sullivan and Carter had made maximum breaks earlier in the tournament, the first time there had been two 147 breaks in the same World Championship. It was O'Sullivan's third maximum in the Championship. John Higgins won his third world title in 2009, beating Shaun

Fergal O'Brien

2017 World Snooker Championship after a record-breaking victory in the final qualifying round match against Dave Gilbert. The final frame set the record for the longest frame of the modern era, lasting 123 minutes and 41 seconds. Fergal O'Brien Fergal O'Brien (born 8 March 1972) is an Irish professional snooker player. A member of snooker's main tour since turning professional in 1991, O'Brien has been ranked within the world's top 64 players since 1994, reaching his highest position, 9th, for the 2000/2001 season. He has won one ranking title - the 1999 British Open, where he defeated Anthony Hamilton 9–7

IBSF World Snooker Championship

2014, fourteen-year-old Yan Bingtao beat Pakistan's Muhammad Sajjad 8–7 to become the youngest ever world champion in snooker. IBSF World Snooker Championship The IBSF World Snooker Championship (also known as the World Amateur Snooker Championship) is the premier non-professional snooker tournament in the world. The event series is sanctioned by the International Billiards and Snooker Federation. A number of IBSF champions have gone on to successful careers in the Pro ranks, notably Jimmy White (1980), James Wattana (1988), Ken Doherty (1989), Stuart Bingham (1996), Marco Fu (1997), Stephen Maguire (2000) and Mark Allen (2004). Both Ken Doherty (in 1997) and


Question: Which was the first product to be advertised on TV in colour

birds eye frozen peas
Birds Eye Frozen Peas

History of television

1978, James P Mitchell described, prototyped and demonstrated what was perhaps the earliest monochromatic flat panel LED television display LED Display targeted at replacing the CRT. The basic idea of using three monochrome images to produce a color image had been experimented with almost as soon as black-and-white televisions had first been built. Among the earliest published proposals for television was one by Maurice Le Blanc in 1880 for a color system, including the first mentions in television literature of line and frame scanning, although he gave no practical details. Polish inventor Jan Szczepanik patented a color television system in

Color television

and is generally agreed to be the first production receiver using NTSC color offered to the public; a less expensive color model from RCA (CT-100) reached dealers in April 1954. Television's first prime time network color series was "The Marriage", a situation comedy broadcast live by NBC in the summer of 1954. NBC's anthology series "Ford Theatre" became the first network color filmed series that October. Early color telecasts could be preserved only on the black-and-white kinescope process introduced in 1947. It was not until September 1956 that NBC began using color film to time-delay and preserve some of its

Color television

before the introduction of colour television to the UK, for the purpose of sales to U.S. networks. The first British show to be made in colour was the drama series "The Adventures of Sir Lancelot" (1956–57), which was initially made in black and white but later shot in colour for sale to the NBC network in the United States. Other British colour television programs include "Stingray" (1964–1965), which was the first British TV show to be filmed entirely in colour, "Thunderbirds" (1965–1966) and "Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons" (1967–1968). However, most UK series predominantly made using videotape, such as "Doctor

Pye Ltd.

beginning on that channel on 2 December 1967. BBC1 and ITV followed suit on 15 November 1969. Colour broadcasting added further to the cost and complexity of producing television sets. The resulting high price and low coverage areas of the new technology delayed consumer adoption further: it wasn't until 1977 that the number of colour licences sold outnumbered those of black and white. In the early 1970s, Sony and Hitachi launched UK colour televisions that cost less than £200. Domestic manufacturers attempted to compete, but were handicapped by outdated manufacturing techniques and an inflexible workforce. Pye found themselves with high

Television

to superimpose the red, green, and blue images into one full color image. The first practical hybrid system was again pioneered by John Logie Baird. In 1940 he publicly demonstrated a color television combining a traditional black-and-white display with a rotating colored disk. This device was very "deep", but was later improved with a mirror folding the light path into an entirely practical device resembling a large conventional console. However, Baird was not happy with the design, and, as early as 1944, had commented to a British government committee that a fully electronic device would be better. In 1939, Hungarian

Color television

Color television

Color television or Colour television is a television transmission technology that includes color information for the picture, so the video image can be displayed in color on the television set. It improves on the monochrome or black-and-white television technology, which displays the image in shades of gray (grayscale). Television broadcasting stations and networks in most parts of the world upgraded from black-and-white to color transmission between the 1960s and the 1980s. The invention of color television standards was an important part of the history and technology of television.

Transmission of color images using mechanical scanners had been conceived as early as the 1880s. A demonstration of mechanically scanned color television was given by John Logie Baird in 1928, but its limitations were apparent even then. Development of electronic scanning and display made a practical system possible. Monochrome transmission standards were developed prior to World War II, but civilian electronics development was frozen during much of the war. In August 1944, Baird gave the world's first demonstration of a practical fully electronic color television display. In the United States, competing color standards were developed, finally resulting in the NTSC color standard that was compatible with the prior monochrome system. Although the NTSC color standard was proclaimed in 1953 and limited programming soon became available, it was not until the early 1970s that color television in North America outsold black-and-white/monochrome units. Color broadcasting in Europe did not standardize on the PAL or SECAM formats until the 1960s.

Broadcasters began to upgrade from analog color television technology to higher resolution digital television ; the exact year varies by country. While the changeover is complete in many countries, analog television remains in use in some countries.

Kit Kat

Kit Kat

Kit Kat (stylised as KitKat in various countries) is a chocolate-covered wafer bar confection created by Rowntree's of York, United Kingdom, and is now produced globally by Nestlé (which acquired Rowntree's in 1988), except in the United States, where it is made under licence by the H. B. Reese Candy Company, a division of the Hershey Company (an agreement Rowntree's first made with Hershey in 1970).

The standard bars consist of two or four pieces composed of three layers of wafer, separated and covered by an outer layer of chocolate. Each finger can be snapped from the bar separately. There are many flavours of Kit Kat, including milk, white, and dark chocolate.

The original four-finger version of the bar was developed after a worker at Rowntree's York factory put a suggestion in the recommendation box for "a chocolate bar that a man could take to work in his pack up". It was launched in September 1935 in the UK as Rowntree's Chocolate Crisp, and the later two-finger version was launched in 1936. It was renamed Kit Kat Chocolate Crisp in 1937, and just Kit Kat after World War II. Since 1986 in the U.S., the jingle used in television advertisements has been "Gimme a break, Gimme a break, Break me off a piece of that Kit Kat bar!"

Television

Advertising

Advertising

Advertising is the practice and techniques employed to bring attention to a product or service. Advertising aims to put a product or service in the spotlight in hopes of drawing it attention from consumers. It is typically used to promote a specific good or service, but there are wide range of uses, the most common being the commercial advertisement.

Commercial advertisements often seek to generate increased consumption of their products or services through "branding", which associates a product name or image with certain qualities in the minds of consumers. On the other hand, ads that intend to elicit an immediate sale are known as direct-response advertising. Non-commercial entities that advertise more than consumer products or services include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations and governmental agencies. Non-profit organizations may use free modes of persuasion, such as a public service announcement. Advertising may also help to reassure employees or shareholders that a company is viable or successful.

In the 19th century, soap businesses were among the first to employ large-scale advertising campaigns. Thomas J. Barratt was hired by Pears to be its brand manager—the first of its kind—and in addition to creating slogans and images he recruited West End stage actress and socialite Lillie Langtry to become the poster-girl for Pears, making her the first celebrity to endorse a commercial product.

Worldwide spending on advertising in 2015 amounted to an estimated . Advertising's projected distribution for 2017 was 40.4% on TV, 33.3% on digital, 9% on newspapers, 6.9% on magazines, 5.8% on outdoor and 4.3% on radio. Internationally, the largest ("Big Five") advertising agency groups are Omnicom, WPP, Publicis, Interpublic, and Dentsu.

In Latin, "advertere" means "to turn towards".

History of advertising

History of advertising

The history of advertising can be traced to ancient civilizations. It became a major force in capitalist economies in the mid-19th century, based primarily on newspapers and magazines. In the 20th century, advertising grew rapidly with new technologies such as direct mail, radio, television, the internet and mobile devices.

Between 1919 and 2007 advertising averaged 2.2 percent of Gross Domestic Product in the United States.

Colorplexer

Colorplexer Color television as introduced in North America in 1954 is best described as being 'colored' television. The system used the existing black and white signal but with the addition of a component intended only for television receivers designed to show color. By careful application this 'colored' signal was ignored by ordinary TV sets and had negligible effect on the appearance of the black and white image. This meant that color programs were viewable on the many existing black and white receivers which fulfilled a requirement for 'compatibility' desired by the television industry. Once the so called 'composite' video signal

Hovannes Adamian

color televisions. Developing theoretical works by other co-founders of color television like M. Le Blanc and P. Nipkov, Adamian was the first in the world to achieve practical results in color television and to carry out color television transfers. The first color television project is claimed by him, and was patented in Germany on 31 March 1908, patent № 197183, then in Britain, on 1 April 1908, patent № 7219, in France (patent № 390326) and in Russia in 1910 (patent № 17912). In 1925 in Yerevan, Adamian demonstrated "Eristavi", a device for broadcasting color images. Supported by his friends

1929

advances in technology and exploration. On June 27 the first public demonstration of color TV was held by H. E. Ives and his colleagues at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York. The first images were a bouquet of roses and an American flag. A mechanical system was used to transmit 50-line color television images between New York and Washington. The BBC broadcast a television transmission for the first time. By November, Vladimir Zworykin had taken out the first patent for color television. On November 29, Bernt Balchen, U.S. Admiral Richard Byrd, Captain Ashley McKinley, and Harold June, became the first

Television

display, the first flat panel display system. The basic idea of using three monochrome images to produce a color image had been experimented with almost as soon as black-and-white televisions had first been built. Although he gave no practical details, among the earliest published proposals for television was one by Maurice Le Blanc, in 1880, for a color system, including the first mentions in television literature of line and frame scanning. Polish inventor Jan Szczepanik patented a color television system in 1897, using a selenium photoelectric cell at the transmitter and an electromagnet controlling an oscillating mirror and a moving

RGB color model

in field-sequential projection TV receivers based on the Texas Instruments monochrome DLP imager. The modern RGB shadow mask technology for color CRT displays was patented by Werner Flechsig in Germany in 1938. Early personal computers of the late 1970s and early 1980s, such as those from Apple, and Commodore's Commodore VIC-20, used composite video whereas the Commodore 64 and the Atari family used S-Video derivatives. IBM introduced a 16-color scheme (four bits—one bit each for red, green, blue, and intensity) with the Color Graphics Adapter (CGA) for its first IBM PC (1981), later improved with the Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA)

Merchandise Mart

daring breakthrough the black-and-white curtain." With Mayor Richard J. Daley looking on, NBC President David Sarnoff operated the controls as Channel 5 became the world's first all-color TV station as "Wide, Wide World" was broadcast to 110 NBC-TV affiliated stations across the country. The color conversion project cost more than $1,250,000 with advertising costing $175,000. On "C-Day", three skywriting planes flew over the city, trailing streams of red, green and blue smoke. WMAQ-TV first installed color equipment in late 1953, with the Rose Bowl parade of 1954 as the first major broadcast. Introduced in March 1955, the first local color

Boris Townsend

Ltd, making professional colour television monitors. It was here that he designed the first colour television to be mass-produced in the UK. Part of his team's accomplishments was the setting up of a complete colour studio in the New Horticultural Halls in the Victoria district of London. It was from here they broadcast the first public demonstration in the UK, of a live colour television studio production titled "The New TV Show" on 19 August 1961. He moved to Rank Cintel Television at Sydenham in 1963, first as Technical Manager where he was concerned with the development and manufacture of

Color television

experimented with almost as soon as black-and-white televisions had first been built. Among the earliest published proposals for television was one by Maurice Le Blanc in 1880 for a color system, including the first mentions in television literature of line and frame scanning, although he gave no practical details. Polish inventor Jan Szczepanik patented a color television system in 1897, using a selenium photoelectric cell at the transmitter and an electromagnet controlling an oscillating mirror and a moving prism at the receiver. But his system contained no means of analyzing the spectrum of colors at the transmitting end, and could

Color television

black-and-white. In 1956 NBC's "The Perry Como Show" became the first live network television series to present a majority of episodes in color. CBS's "The Big Record", starring pop vocalist Patti Page, was the first television show broadcast in color for the entire 1957-1958 season; its production costs were greater than most movies were at the time not only because of all the stars featured on the hour-long extravaganza but the extremely high-intensity lighting and electronics required for the new RCA TK-41 cameras. It was not until the mid-1960s that color sets started selling in large numbers, due in part

Colorplexer

were applied to a "shadow mask" or equivalent TV tube, and which displays a 3-color color image. http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-RCA-Broadcast-News/RCA-77.pdf Colorplexer Color television as introduced in North America in 1954 is best described as being 'colored' television. The system used the existing black and white signal but with the addition of a component intended only for television receivers designed to show color. By careful application this 'colored' signal was ignored by ordinary TV sets and had negligible effect on the appearance of the black and white image. This meant that color programs were viewable on the many existing black and white receivers

History of television

June 1929 using three complete systems of photoelectric cells, amplifiers, glow-tubes and color filters, with a series of mirrors to superimpose the red, green and blue images into one full color image. The first practical hybrid system was again pioneered by John Logie Baird. In 1940 he publicly demonstrated a color television combining a traditional black-and-white display with a rotating colored disc. This device was very "deep", but was later improved with a mirror folding the light path into an entirely practical device resembling a large conventional console. However, Baird was not happy with the design, and as early as

Television in Israel

Egypt started colour transmissions in 1974. The Israeli government considered the import of color televisions as a frivolous luxury that would increase social gaps. Therefore, the government ordered IBA and IETV to erase the colour from colour-taped telecasts by erasing the "burst phase" signal. The "damaged" signal triggered the "colour killer" mechanism, installed in colour TV sets to prevent the appearance of incidental colour spots on the screen when black-and-white films are broadcast or when the reception is disturbed. This method was named "mekhikon" ( "eraser"), and soon after its introduction, special TV sets with an "anti-mekhikon" ( "anti-eraser") device

History of television

introducing color broadcast television was the desire to conserve bandwidth, potentially three times that of the existing black-and-white standards, and not use an excessive amount of radio spectrum. In the United States, after considerable research, the National Television Systems Committee approved an all-electronic Compatible color system developed by RCA, which encoded the color information separately from the brightness information and greatly reduced the resolution of the color information in order to conserve bandwidth. The brightness image remained compatible with existing black-and-white television sets at slightly reduced resolution, while color televisions could decode the extra information in the signal and produce

Shadow mask

circular holes, improving brightness. Color television had been studied even before commercial broadcasting became common, but it was not until the late 1940s that the problem was seriously considered. At the time, a number of systems were being proposed that used separate red, green and blue signals (RGB), broadcast in succession. Most experimental systems broadcast entire frames in sequence, with a colored filter (or "gel") that rotated in front of an otherwise conventional black and white television tube. Each frame encoded one color of the picture, and the wheel spun in sync with the signal so the correct gel was

Color television

"The Cisco Kid", "The Lone Ranger", "My Friend Flicka", and "Adventures of Superman". The first two were carried by some stations equipped for color telecasts well before NBC began its regular weekly color dramas in 1959, beginning with the Western series "Bonanza". NBC was at the forefront of color programming because its parent company RCA manufactured the most successful line of color sets in the 1950s, and by 1959 RCA was the only remaining major manufacturer of color sets. CBS and ABC, which were not affiliated with set manufacturers and were not eager to promote their competitor's product, dragged their


Question: Where was the first penal colony in Australia situated

Stingray Harbor
Botany Bay
botany bay
stingray harbor

Punishment in Australia

Strait Islanders - had their own traditional punishments. These included: New South Wales, as the founding site for British colonisation Australia in 1788, has had prisons for as long as Australia has had European settlement. The first Australian colony was founded at Port Jackson (now Sydney) on 26 January 1788, and marked the commencement of many decades of convict arrivals from the United Kingdom. Penal colonies were also founded in what is now the states of Queensland, Tasmania, and Western Australia. Two penal colonies were briefly founded in the area that is now Victoria. Both were abandoned shortly after. Later,

Penal transportation

prisoners to Cape Coast Castle (modern Ghana) and the Gorée (Senegal) in West Africa, British authorities turned their attention to New South Wales (in what would become Australia). From the 1820s until the 1860s, convicts were sent to Bermuda to work on the construction of the Royal Naval Dockyard and other defence works, including an area still known as "Convict Bay", at St. George's town. In 1787, the "First Fleet" of convict ships departed from England to establish the first British settlement in Australia, as a penal colony. The fleet arrived at Port Jackson (Sydney) on 26 January 1788, a

Convicts in Australia

and in 1787, the First Fleet of eleven convict ships set sail for Botany Bay, arriving on 20 January 1788 to found Sydney, New South Wales, the first European settlement on the continent. Other penal colonies were later established in Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) in 1803 and Queensland in 1824, while Western Australia, founded in 1829 as a free colony, received convicts from 1850. South Australia and Victoria, established in 1836 and 1850 respectively, remained free colonies. Penal transportation to Australia peaked in the 1830s and dropped off significantly the following decade. The last convict ship arrived in Western Australia

Port Macquarie Government House Site

As one of the few remaining sites with strong associations with the convict system, Port Macquarie is important in the history of the early European settlement of Australia. Port Macquarie, established in 1821, was the first designated place of secondary punishment in the Colony of New South Wales. Designed to deal with repeat offenders who could not be accommodated within the existing convict structure, the aim of such settlements was to subject prisoners to isolation, severe discipline and hard work. The establishment of places of secondary punishment represented a significant development in the creation of a comprehensive penal system by

Constitutional history of Australia

settlement, of whom 696 were convicts. The actual settlement was located at Sydney Cove. The colony was formally proclaimed by Governor Phillip on 7 February 1788 at Sydney. However, though the settlement was a military prison, and Phillip had full power as governor, the colony also had a civil administration and courts of law. The first test of the doctrine of "terra nullius" occurred in "R v Tommy" which held that the native inhabitants were only subject to English law where the incident concerned both natives and settlers. The rationale was that Aboriginal tribal groups already operated under their own

Convicts in Australia

Convicts in Australia

Between 1788 and 1868, about 162,000 convicts were transported from Britain and Ireland to various penal colonies in Australia.

The British Government began transporting convicts overseas to American colonies in the early 18th century. When transportation ended with the start of the American Revolution, an alternative site was needed to relieve further overcrowding of British prisons and hulks. Earlier in 1770, James Cook charted and claimed possession of the east coast of Australia for Britain. Seeking to pre-empt the French colonial empire from expanding into the region, Britain chose Australia as the site of a penal colony, and in 1787, the First Fleet of eleven convict ships set sail for Botany Bay, arriving on 20 January 1788 to found Sydney, New South Wales, the first European settlement on the continent. Other penal colonies were later established in Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) in 1803 and Queensland in 1824. Western Australia – established as Swan River Colony in 1829 – initially was intended solely for free settlers, but commenced receiving convicts in 1850. South Australia and Victoria, established in 1836 and 1850 respectively, officially remained free colonies. However, a population that included thousands of convicts already resided in the area that became known as Victoria.

Penal transportation to Australia peaked in the 1830s and dropped off significantly in the following decade, as protests against the convict system intensified throughout the colonies. In 1868, almost two decades after transportation to the eastern colonies had ceased, the last convict ship arrived in Western Australia.

The majority of convicts were transported for petty crimes. More serious crimes, such as rape and murder, became transportable offences in the 1830s, but since they were also punishable by death, comparatively few convicts were transported for such crimes. Approximately 1 in 7 convicts were women, while political prisoners, another minority group, comprise many of the best-known convicts. Once emancipated, most ex-convicts stayed in Australia and joined the free settlers, with some rising to prominent positions in Australian society. However, convictism carried a social stigma and, for some later Australians, being of convict descent instilled a sense of shame and cultural cringe. Attitudes became more accepting in the 20th century, and it is now considered by many Australians to be a cause for celebration to discover a convict in one's lineage. Almost 20% of modern Australians, in addition to 2 million Britons, have some convict ancestry. The convict era has inspired famous novels, films, and other cultural works, and the extent to which it has shaped Australia's national character has been studied by many writers and historians.

Penal colony

Penal colony

A penal colony or exile colony is a settlement used to exile prisoners and separate them from the general population by placing them in a remote location, often an island or distant colonial territory. Although the term can be used to refer to a correctional facility located in a remote location, it is more commonly used to refer to communities of prisoners overseen by wardens or governors having absolute authority.

Historically penal colonies have often been used for penal labour in an economically underdeveloped part of a state's (usually colonial) territories, and on a far larger scale than a prison farm.

Port Arthur, Tasmania

Port Arthur, Tasmania

Port Arthur is a town and former convict settlement on the Tasman Peninsula, in Tasmania, Australia. It is located approximately southeast of the state capital, Hobart.

The site forms part of the Australian Convict Sites, a World Heritage property consisting of 11 remnant penal sites originally built within the British Empire during the 18th and 19th centuries on fertile Australian coastal strips. Collectively, these sites, including Port Arthur, are described by UNESCO as "... the best surviving examples of large-scale convict transportation and the colonial expansion of European powers through the presence and labour of convicts."

In 1996, the town was the scene of the Port Arthur Massacre, the worst instance of mass murder in post-colonial Australian history.

Australia

Sydney

Sydney

Sydney ( ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about towards the Blue Mountains to the west, Hawkesbury to the north, the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west. Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs, spread across 33 local government areas. Residents of the city are known as "Sydneysiders". The 2021 census recorded the population of Greater Sydney as 5,231,150, meaning the city is home to approximately 66% of the state's population. Nicknames of the city include the 'Emerald City' and the 'Harbour City'.

Aboriginal Australians have inhabited the Greater Sydney region for at least 30,000 years, and Aboriginal engravings and cultural sites are common throughout Greater Sydney. The traditional custodians of the land on which modern Sydney stands are the clans of the Darug, Dharawal and Eora peoples.

During his first Pacific voyage in 1770, James Cook charted the eastern coast of Australia, making landfall at Botany Bay. In 1788, the First Fleet of convicts, led by Arthur Phillip, founded Sydney as a British penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. After World War II, Sydney experienced mass migration and by 2021 over 40 per cent of the population was born overseas. Foreign countries of birth with the greatest representation are Mainland China, India, England, Vietnam and the Philippines.<ref name="auto" />

Despite being one of the most expensive cities in the world, Sydney frequently ranks in the top ten most liveable cities in the world. It is classified as an Alpha global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world. Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity, Sydney has an advanced market economy with strengths in finance, manufacturing and tourism. Established in 1850, the University of Sydney was Australia's first university and is regarded as one of the world's leading universities.

Sydney has hosted major international sporting events such as the 2000 Summer Olympics. The city is among the top fifteen most-visited cities in the world, with millions of tourists coming each year to see the city's landmarks. The city has over of nature reserves and parks, and its notable natural features include Sydney Harbour and Royal National Park. The Sydney Harbour Bridge and the World Heritage-listed Sydney Opera House are major tourist attractions. Central Station is the hub of Sydney's rail network, and the main passenger airport serving the city is Kingsford Smith Airport, one of the world's oldest continually operating airports.

Overseers' Cottages Remains, Port Macquarie

situ. Port Macquarie was established as a penal settlement for secondary punishment in 1821, but wound down to make way for free settlers in 1830. As a penal settlement it may be compared with the first settlements at Sydney, Parramatta and Norfolk Island, all of which were commenced in 1788. Port Macquarie shares many institutions and public buildings in common with these first settlements. In terms of secondary punishment it may be compared with Newcastle (1804 - 1824) in New South Wales, and Moreton Bay in Queensland. A progression can be seen from Newcastle to Port Macquarie and finally Moreton

Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars

the First Fleet in 1788 at Port Jackson marked the beginning of the colonization of Australia. At the time it was used as a penal colony to which criminals and political dissidents were sent as punishment, however, a small number of free settlers also took up land. The penal colony had been established at Port Jackson (present-day Sydney) which was the traditional land of the Cadigal people. The penal colony had a population of around one thousand and for the first few years struggled to adapt to the Australian climate. In March 1789, sixteen convicts marched to Botany Bay with

Convicts in Australia

first settlement - some 90 km south of present-day Melbourne. About two months later the settlement was abandoned due to poor soil and water shortages and Collins moved the convicts to Hobart. Several convicts had escaped into the bush and were left behind to unknown fates with the local aboriginal people. One such convict, the subsequently celebrated William Buckley, lived in the western side of Port Phillip for the next 32 years before approaching the new settlers and assisting as an interpreter for the indigenous peoples. A second settlement was established at Westernport Bay, on the site of present-day Corinella,

Convict ships to Norfolk Island

Rough seas and the absence of good landing sites made it difficult to supply and sustain the colony. By 1812 a new penal colony had been established at Hobart Town in Van Diemen's Land and it had received its first convicts from Britain. Norfolk Island no longer served any purpose and the last settlers and convicts were removed by February 1814. The last to leave left on 28 February on HM Colonial brig "Kangaroo". During the second period the penal colony was initially revived as a place of banishment for the worst convicts, those who had re-offended while in Australia.

Colony of New South Wales

by Captain Arthur Phillip founded the first British settlement in Australian history as a penal colony. Having set sail on 13 May 1787, Captain Arthur Phillip assumed the role of governor of the settlement upon arrival, until 1792. 18 January 1788, the first ship of the First Fleet, with Phillip aboard, reached Botany Bay. Botany Bay found unsuitable by Phillip. After Phillip led exploration of Port Jackson, he, on the first ship, sailed and reached Sydney Cove on night of 25 January 1788. On morning of 26 January, men on board this ship went ashore and started clearing land for

History of Brisbane

portmanteau of the two Scottish cities Edinburgh and Glasgow. The name soon fell out of favour with many residents and the current name in honour of Governor Thomas Brisbane was adopted instead. The colony was originally established as a "prison within a prison"—a settlement, deliberately distant from Sydney, to which recidivist convicts could be sent as punishment. It soon garnered a reputation, along with Norfolk Island, as one of the harshest penal settlements in all of New South Wales. In July 1828 work began on the construction of the Commissariat Store. It remains intact today as a museum of the

Punishment in Australia

after a free settlement had been established, some convicts were transported to the region. No penal colonies were located in the areas that have now become South Australia, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory. Norfolk Island (an external territory of Australia) was originally a penal colony, but now in 2018 the territory has no prisons at all. The Department for Correctional Services is an important part of the justice sector in Australia – responsible for prisoners, the offenders in our communities, and the provision of the rehabilitation opportunities. Their vision is to create a safer community by protecting

Kingston and Arthurs Vale Historic Area

in the National Heritage List on 1 August 2007. As a place of secondary punishment, KAVHA developed a reputation as one of the harshest and cruellest of Australia's penal settlements. It was, however, also a place where humanising experiments in penal reform were conducted. KAVHA is located on the southern side of Norfolk Island, which lies to the east-north-east of Sydney. Set on the Kingston coastal plain and bounded by hills, it comprises a large group of buildings from the convict era, some of which have been modified during the Pitcairn period (from 1856 to the present), substantial ruins and

History of Perth, Western Australia

establish a penal colony in the western part of Australia, the Colonial Office assented to the proposal in mid-October 1828. The first fleet of settlers arrived in June 1829, disembarking with their possessions on the sandy beaches north of the Swan River. No advance party had been sent, no land had been allocated, and no buildings had been constructed. Under intense pressure from the settlers, Stirling's energetic Surveyor-General, John Septimus Roe went to work demarcating the allotments along the river. The fertile locations around Perth did not extend very far from the Swan and Canning Rivers, and the most fertile

Australia–United Kingdom relations

ships, the "First Fleet", under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip, to establish a new penal colony in New South Wales. A camp was set up and the flag raised at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788, and the British Crown Colony of New South Wales was formally promulgated on 7 February 1788. Further Crown Colonies were established in Van Diemen's Land (now known as Tasmania) in 1803; Swan River Colony (now known as Western Australia) in 1828; South Australia in 1836; Victoria in 1851; and Queensland in 1859. The six colonies federated in 1901 and the Commonwealth of Australia

Sydney

1776. Britain decided in 1786 to found a new penal outpost in the territory discovered by Cook some 16 years earlier. Captain Philip led the "First Fleet" of 11 ships and about 850 convicts into Botany Bay on 18 January 1788, though deemed the location unsuitable due to poor soil and a lack of fresh water. He travelled a short way further north and arrived at Port Jackson on 26 January 1788. This was to be the location for the new colony. Phillip described Sydney Cove as being "without exception the finest harbour in the world". The colony was at

History of Tasmania

jail was completed on the corner of Macquarie Street and Murray Street and merino sheep arrived from John Macarthur's stud in New South Wales. 1820 also saw the first Wesleyan (Methodist) meeting in the colony. The following year marked the arrival of first Catholic clergyman, Father Phillip Conolly and on his second visit, Governor Lachlan Macquarie chooses sites for Perth, Campbell Town, Ross, Oatlands, Sorell and Brighton. In 1821, officials and convicts left Port Dalrymple to establish Macquarie Harbour penal settlement at Sarah Island. 1822 was the first year Van Diemen's Land Agricultural Society held a meeting in Hobart. In

Penal transportation

date now celebrated as Australia Day. Norfolk Island was a convict penal settlement from 1788–94, and again from 1824-47. The First Fleet included boats containing food and animals from London. The ships and boats of the fleet would explore the coast of Australia by sailing all around it looking for suitable farming land and resources. In 1803, Van Diemen's Land (modern-day Tasmania) was also settled as a penal colony, followed by the Moreton Bay Settlement (Queensland) in 1824. The other Australian colonies were "free settlements", as non-convict colonies were known. However, the Swan River Colony (Western Australia) accepted transportation from

Cornish Australians

office that Van Diemen's Land gained much of its notorious reputation as a harsh penal colony. He selected Port Arthur as the ideal location for a prison settlement, on a peninsula connected by a narrow, easily guarded isthmus, surrounded by shark-infested seas. He failed in his attempts to reform the colony and the system of penal transportation with Arthur's autocratic and authoritarian rule leading to his recall. By this time he was one of the wealthiest men in the colony. He returned to Britain in 1837. On the First Fleet 21 Cornish convicts arrived in Australia aboard the Charlotte and

Convict era of Western Australia

in early September the merchant vessel "Anglesea" grounded at Gage Roads, at the mouth of the Swan River. She did not break up, as had been expected, but instead survived to become Western Australia's first prison hulk. For the first fifteen years, the people of the colony were generally opposed to accepting convicts, although the idea was in constant circulation almost from the start. Early in 1831, the Colonel Peter Latour asked permission to transport 300 Swing Riots convicts, but was refused. Nonetheless, the idea was under discussion later that year, with the "Fremantle Observer" editorialising on the need for


Question: In the TV series Cracker what is Fitz's christian name

Eddie
Eddy
eddy
Eddie (disambiguation)
eddie disambiguation
eddie

Cracker (UK TV series)

by the British Film Institute. Fitz is a classic antihero: alcoholic, a chain smoker, obese, sedentary, addicted to gambling, manic, foul-mouthed and sarcastic, and yet cerebral and brilliant. He is a genius in his speciality: criminal psychology. As Fitz confesses in "Brotherly Love": "I drink too much, I smoke too much, I gamble too much. I "am" too much." Each case spanned several episodes and cliffhangers were quite often used, but it was not until the end of the second series that a cliffhanger was employed to tie off the series. Some of the plotlines in the cases took as

Cracker (U.S. TV series)

as Fitz in some countries, including the UK. Gerry "Fitz" Fitzgerald is an unconventional but brilliant psychologist, an insulting, nosy, loathsome individual. To be able to pay the bills, he gives lectures at colleges, has a small practice in a mini-mall, and has his own radio show. He also helps the Los Angeles police department solve difficult cases thanks mostly to his own quirks and perversity which give him an uncanny ability to get inside the criminal mind. But that is only true when he does not have to deal with his own inner demons, which include drinking, gambling, extramarital

Cracker (UK TV series)

actors to return in their previous roles. The new roles of DCI Walters, DS Saleh and DS McAllister were played by Richard Coyle, Nisha Nayar and Rafe Spall respectively. The story involved Fitz returning to Manchester after several years of living in Australia with Judith and his son James (who had been born during the third series) to attend his daughter Katy's wedding. The murder of an American nightclub comedian sends the police to ask Fitz for his help. The series was principally filmed in South Manchester, at locations including Didsbury (where Fitz lived at the fictitious address of "15

Cracker (UK TV series)

Cracker (UK TV series) Cracker is a British crime drama series produced by Granada Television for ITV, created and principally written by Jimmy McGovern. Set in Manchester, the series follows a criminal psychologist (or "cracker"), Dr Edward "Fitz" Fitzgerald, played by Robbie Coltrane, who works with the Greater Manchester Police to help them solve crimes. The show consists of three series which were originally aired from 1993 to 1995. A 100-minute special set in Hong Kong followed in 1996 and another two-hour story in 2006. In 2000, the series was ranked 39 on the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes compiled

Call Me Fitz

Summerwind. In the mean time he is content to make the Duncan Underwood Inn his watering hole. Fitz does not like the Ruptal cousins, whom he refers to as "9" and "11", and their used-car dealership across the street from Fitzpatrick Motors. Fitz hits rock bottom when he crashes a GT while on a test drive and the customer ends up in a coma. Fitz meets Ali while in jail and at first believes her to be his lawyer until she says "mom", referring to Fitz's customer in the coma. In an attempt to avoid a pending attempted vehicular manslaughter

Cracker (British TV series)

Cracker (British TV series)

Cracker is a British crime drama series produced by Granada Television for ITV, created and principally written by Jimmy McGovern. Set in Manchester, the series follows a criminal psychologist (or "cracker"), Dr Edward "Fitz" Fitzgerald, played by Robbie Coltrane, who works with the Greater Manchester Police (GMP) to help them solve crimes.

The show consists of three series, originally broadcast from 1993 to 1995. A 100-minute special set in Hong Kong followed in 1996 and another two-hour story in 2006. The show won the British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series in 1995 and 1996, and Coltrane received the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor in three consecutive years (1994 to 1996).

Cracker (American TV series)

Cracker (American TV series)

Cracker is an American crime drama series based upon the British television crime drama of the same name created by Jimmy McGovern.
It stars Robert Pastorelli as criminal psychologist Gerry 'Fitz' Fitzgerald and includes a young Josh Hartnett in his first professional role, appearing in several episodes playing Fitz's eldest child.

An "innovative but disturbing" take on the standard police-detective genre, the Americanized "Cracker" consists of sixteen one-hour episodes set in Los Angeles and was produced by Granada Entertainment. It ran on ABC from September 18, 1997, until January 24, 1998. The remade show was broadcast as Fitz in some countries, including the UK.

Robbie Coltrane

Robbie Coltrane

Anthony Robert McMillan (30 March 195014 October 2022), known professionally as Robbie Coltrane, was a Scottish actor and comedian. He gained worldwide recognition in the 2000s for playing Rubeus Hagrid in the "Harry Potter" film series. He was appointed an OBE in the 2006 New Year Honours by Queen Elizabeth II for his services to drama. In 1990, Coltrane received the Evening Standard British Film AwardPeter Sellers Award for Comedy. In 2011, he was honoured for his "outstanding contribution" to film at the British Academy Scotland Awards.

Coltrane started his career appearing alongside Hugh Laurie, Stephen Fry, and Emma Thompson in the sketch series "Alfresco". In 1987, he starred in the BBC miniseries "Tutti Frutti" with Thompson, for which he received his first British Academy Television Award for Best Actor nomination. Coltrane then gained national prominence starring as criminal psychologist Dr. Eddie "Fitz" Fitzgerald in the ITV television series "Cracker", a role which saw him receive the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor in three consecutive years from 1994 to 1996. In 2006, Coltrane came eleventh in ITV's poll of TV's 50 Greatest Stars, voted by the public. In 2016, he starred in the four-part Channel 4 series "National Treasure" alongside Julie Walters, a role for which he received a British Academy Television Award nomination.

Coltrane appeared in the films "Mona Lisa" and "Nuns on the Run" and as Valentin Dmitrovich Zukovsky in the James Bond films "GoldenEye" and "The World Is Not Enough". He also appeared in the films "Henry V", "Let It Ride", "Danny, the Champion of the World", "Ocean's Twelve", "The Brothers Bloom", "Great Expectations", and "Effie Gray", and provided voice acting roles in the animated films "The Tale of Despereaux" and "Brave".

List of Cracker episodes

List of Cracker episodes

"Cracker" is a British crime drama series, created and principally written by Jimmy McGovern, and starring Robbie Coltrane and Geraldine Somerville. A total of three series and two specials were broadcast over the course of thirteen years. Episodes varied in length from 50 minutes (series one-three) to 120 minutes (specials). The original broadcast of episode one of the "Brotherly Love" story was an hour long, a total of 70 minutes with commercials, and shown on the Sunday before the regular Monday slot for the series. Further broadcasts of this episode, including VHS and DVD release, were edited down to the conventional 50 minute size.

Fitz (disambiguation)

Cracker (U.S. TV series)

affairs, and a tense relationship with his wife Judith and his 17-year-old son Michael. Alternate titles considered for the series were "Cracker: Mind Over Murder" and "Fitz". Cracker (U.S. TV series) Cracker is an American crime drama series produced by Granada Entertainment based upon the British television crime drama of the same name created by Jimmy McGovern. That series ran on ABC from September 18, 1997, until January 24, 1998. An "innovative but disturbing" take on the standard police-detective genre, the Americanized "Cracker" consists of sixteen one-hour episodes set in Los Angeles. It stars Robert Pastorelli as criminal psychologist Gerry

Call Me Fitz

Call Me Fitz Call Me Fitz is a Canadian television series produced by E1 Entertainment, Amaze Film & Television, and Big Motion Pictures. The half-hour comedy stars Jason Priestley as Richard "Fitz" Fitzpatrick, a morally bankrupt used-car salesman whose consequence-free life is complicated by the arrival of do-gooder Larry (Ernie Grunwald), another salesman who claims he is Fitz's conscience. The series is co-produced by Movie Central (western Canada) and The Movie Network (central/eastern Canada), for airing on those two channels and their jointly owned channel HBO Canada (Canada wide). The first thirteen-episode season of the show premiered on HBO Canada

Cracker (UK TV series)

Another crew member, Nicola Shindler, who worked as script editor on the programme, later went on to found Red Production Company. Of the regular cast, only Coltrane and Tomlinson featured in "White Ghost" (retitled "Lucky White Ghost" for some overseas markets), which was set in Hong Kong. Although the series was still drawing large audiences, after "White Ghost" Coltrane declined to return as Fitz unless McGovern returned to write the series. "Cracker" returned a decade after "White Ghost" in the 2006 special episode, "Nine Eleven", written by McGovern and directed by Antonia Bird. Coltrane, Flynn and O'Brien were the only

Call Me Fitz

called mankind. Bawdy and expertly written Call Me Fitz is TV platinum. HBO Canada? What about the lower 48...come on...we deserve genuine entertainment down here. A hit for sure!" "TV Guide" wrote "The snappy, obscenity-filled dialogue was laugh-out-loud funny without being over the top. I call this one a hit." Season 2 premiered on HBO Canada on September 25, 2011. Season 3 premiered on HBO Canada on September 23, 2012, Michael Gross joins the cast for season 4. Season 4 premiered on October 7, 2013, on Movie Central (western Canada) and The Movie Network (eastern Canada). Entertainment One released the

Characters in the Realm of the Elderlings

central character of The Farseer Trilogy, The Tawny Man Trilogy and the Fitz and the Fool Trilogy, Fitz is the illegitimate son of Chivalry and an unknown woman from the Mountain Kingdom. His childhood name was Keppet. Kettle revealed to Fitz that his mother loved him, and was a tall and fair woman that didn't want to let Fitz go. He eventually gave up that memory to the dragon Fool was carving because the knowledge of his mother hurt him. Fitz is capable of using both sides of the Dragon magic, the Skill and the Wit. He is strong in

Law enforcement characters of The Wire

and a wealth of supporting characters. It has been featured in all 5 seasons of the show to date. Fitz is a special agent with the FBI and a friend of Jimmy McNulty. Fitz inspires McNulty to use modern electronic surveillance against the Barksdale organization by showing how they set up video surveillance on a drug production ring. He tells McNulty it would be the last major bureau drug investigation in Baltimore because they are shifting resources to counter-terrorism. Fitz helps McNulty again by giving him some of the FBI's less bulky recording devices. He also warns McNulty that his

Call Me Fitz

in September 2010, with subsequent seasons premiering in September 2011, 2012, and October 2013. The series is filmed in New Minas, Nova Scotia. The show stars Priestley as Richard Fitzpatrick, a used-car salesman walking a fine line of acceptable behaviour on the lot alongside a new salesman, do-gooder Larry, who claims to be the embodiment of his conscience. Fitz's idealisation of Frank Sinatra and his dysfunctional family have shaped him into the cocksure anti-hero he is proud to be. Fitz's ambition is to get out of 'slinging tin' at his family's used car dealership and open his own lounge, the

Law enforcement characters of The Wire

Lieutenant Daniels. In the third season, Fitz supplies the major case unit with photo-enhancing technology that they use to check number plates on Barksdale organization vehicles. Fitz is then called on for a final favor from Daniels, an immediate wiretap on Stringer Bell as time is limited in retrieving cell phone information from him. Fitz then goes to the FBI changing Bell's original name from Russell to Achmed claiming he has ties to terrorist organizations giving Daniel's unit an immediate surveillance of Bell. Fitz is based on a real FBI agent named Jake Fitzsimmons who collaborated on cases with writer

first gives him, and Badgerlock being an explanation of the white streak in his hair (which was due to a head injury in Regal's dungeon). Fitz is the White Prophet's Catalyst. Nighteyes calls him "Changer" and the little things that Fitz does often set the wheels of change in motion without his awareness. The fate of the world also often hinges upon a decision that Fitz must make. After the Six Duchies victory over the Outislanders at the end of Assassin's Quest, Fitz and Nighteyes travel for about six years, seeing all of the Six Duchies and traveling as far

Fitz Houston

Fitz Houston Fitz Houston aka Fitzhugh G. Houston is an actor, musician, author and pastor. As an actor, he played the part of Principal Gordon in "Sister, Sister". He appeared in an episode of "Sugar and Spice", also The Reverse Peephole, which was an episode of "Seinfield" and Trust No 1 which was an episode of "The X-Files". One of Houston's earliest film roles was in the 1979 film "Disco Godfather" which was directed by J Robert Wagoner and starred Rudy Ray Moore. He appeared in a couple of episodes of "Knight Rider" in 1982 and 1983. One of the

south as Bingtown. After that they settle on the coast of Buck in a small rustic cottage. They live alone until Starling brings an orphaned boy named Mishap, nicknamed "Hap" for short, for Fitz to raise. Soon Fitz is called back to Buckkeep when Prince Dutiful goes missing and he again becomes emeshed in the lives of the Farseer royalty. His first mission is successful and he and the Fool, under the guise of Tom Badgerlock and Lord Golden, manage to retrieve Prince Dutiful from the Piebalds, but at the cost of Nighteyes's life. Realizing that he has nothing to

son will be safer if it is not known he is Chade's son. Hence his name is changed to FitzVigilant and his bloodlines kept secret. Lord Vigilant later marries another woman and has children with her, prompting her to attempt to eliminate FitzVigilant, for he would inherit his father's small fortune. Chade intervenes and removes Lant from his house, bringing him to Buckkeep where he starts to train him to be an assassin. Lant's first test is to spy on Fitz, and he fails badly, for Fitz discovers him and humiliates him, angry that Chade would dare send a spy

Fitz as a child and is probably the son of a woman raped by a Red Ship Raider. He has two different colored eyes, a sign of evil in those times, and his name is likely a direct result of his physical characteristics. He is apprenticed to the cabinet maker Gindast in Buckkeep, but ends up leaving this apprenticeship to become a minstrel after many difficulties with his work. Svanja Hartshorn enters into a relationship with Hap, though her father Rory forbids her from seeing him. She is considered responsible for Hap's problems during his apprenticeship, which is shown to

Fitz Kreiner

Fitz Kreiner Fitzgerald Michael Kreiner, or simply Fitz, is a fictional character in the Eighth Doctor Adventures novels based upon the British science fiction television series, "Doctor Who". The Eighth Doctor first met him in the novel "The Taint" by Michael Collier and he went on to become one of his companions. Fitz was born in 1936 to Otto Kreiner and Muriel Tarr Kreiner at the Royal Free Hospital in Hampstead. His father died when Fitz was young, and his mother fell ill, forcing Fitz into foster care. During World War II, he was often subjected to beatings by other

Cracker (UK TV series)

stablemate crime drama "Prime Suspect", the spoof starred Coltrane and "Prime Suspect" lead Helen Mirren as their characters from the respective series, sending up both shows. In 1997 a 16-part US version of "Cracker" — directed by Stephen Cragg and Michael Fields — was made, starring Robert Pastorelli in Coltrane's role. The original UK story lines were transferred to Los Angeles. The series finished after the first season. It was broadcast in the UK, retitled "Fitz". Cracker (UK TV series) Cracker is a British crime drama series produced by Granada Television for ITV, created and principally written by Jimmy McGovern.


Question: Who would use the expression a right plonker

Del Trotter
delboy
derek edward trotter
Del Boy
del trotter
del boy trotter
Del boy
del boy
Del-Boy Trotter
Derek Edward Trotter
Loverly jubbly
Del-Boy
Delboy
Derek Trotter
derek trotter
Del boy Trotter
Loverly Jubbly
loverly jubbly
Del Boy Trotter

Plonk (Usenet)

Plonk (Usenet) Plonk is a Usenet jargon term for adding a particular poster to one's kill file so that poster's future postings are completely ignored. It was first used in 1989, and by 1994 was a commonly used term on Usenet. To publicly repudiate a poster, it is added to one's reply or is simply used as the entire, one-word reply. It is also used as a verb, as in: "I plonked that idiot". The word is an example of onomatopoeia, intended to humorously represent the metaphorical sound of the plonked user hitting the bottom of the kill file (imagined

Plonk (Usenet)

a user on instant messaging (IM) or a social media site. The first known use was in 1989 by Richard Sexton in the alt.flame newsgroup. Plonk (Usenet) Plonk is a Usenet jargon term for adding a particular poster to one's kill file so that poster's future postings are completely ignored. It was first used in 1989, and by 1994 was a commonly used term on Usenet. To publicly repudiate a poster, it is added to one's reply or is simply used as the entire, one-word reply. It is also used as a verb, as in: "I plonked that idiot". The

Plonk (wine)

have mattered if you'd walked in carrying a bottle of Spanish plonk." Another well-known usage of the word was that of Horace Rumpole, the title character of John Mortimer's television series "Rumpole of the Bailey" (1975–1992). Rumpole would frequently suggest to a fellow barrister, and sometimes even a client, that they repair to Pomeroy's Wine Bar, to down a few glasses of plonk. Plonk (wine) Plonk is a non-specific and derogatory term used primarily in British and Australian English for cheap, low-quality wine. It is believed to come from Australian slang, in reference to "blanc" (the French word for "white"),

Plonk (wine)

fancy affair. For example, if a party guest is worried about the social level of the occasion, a host might assuage his or her concerns with the phrase: "Oh, just bring a bottle of plonk." Indeed, probably the most famous literary use of "plonk" comes in Willy Russell's play "Educating Rita". Working-class Rita decides she cannot attend a party to which academic Frank has invited her, since she is ashamed of the wine she has bought and feels out-of-place. When Rita reports her anxieties to Frank the following week, he castigates Rita for being too self-conscious, reassuring her: "It wouldn't

Plascon-Evans v Van Riebeeck Paints

of his goods, genuinely for the purpose of describing the character or quality of the goods. The use of the words must not be a mere device to secure some ulterior object, as for example where the words are used in order to take advantage of the goodwill attaching to the registered trade mark of another. The court held "in casu" that the use by the respondent, a dealer in paints and allied products, of the name "Mikacote" was an infringement of appellant's (also a dealer in paints) registered trade mark consisting of the word "Micatex." The court held, furthermore,

British slang

British slang

British slang is English-language slang originating from and used in the United Kingdom and also used to a limited extent in Anglophone countries such as Ireland, South Africa, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, especially by British expatriates. It is also used in the United States to a limited extent. Slang is informal language sometimes peculiar to a particular social class or group and its use in Britain dates back to before the 15th century. The language of slang, in common with the English language, is changing all the time; new words and phrases are being added and some are used so frequently by so many, they almost become mainstream.

While some slang words and phrases are used throughout Britain (e.g. "knackered", meaning "exhausted"). Others are restricted to smaller regions, even to small geographical areas. The nations of the United Kingdom, which are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, all have their own slang words, as does London. London slang has many varieties, the best known of which is rhyming slang.

English-speaking nations of the former British Empire may also use this slang, but also incorporate their own slang words to reflect their different cultures. Not only is the slang used by British expats, but some of these terms are incorporated into other countries' everyday slang, such as in Australia, Canada and Ireland.

British slang has been the subject of many books, including a seven volume dictionary published in 1889. Lexicographer Eric Partridge published several works about British slang, most notably "Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English", revised and edited by Paul Beale.

Many of the words and phrases listed in this article are no longer in current use.

Glossary of British terms not widely used in the United States ...

Only Fools and Horses

Only Fools and Horses

Only Fools and Horses... is a British television sitcom created and written by John Sullivan. Seven series were originally broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom from 1981 to 1991, with sixteen sporadic Christmas specials aired until the end of the show in 2003. Set in working-class Peckham in south-east London, it stars David Jason as ambitious market trader Derek "Del Boy" Trotter and Nicholas Lyndhurst as his younger brother Rodney Trotter, alongside a supporting cast. The series follows the Trotters' highs and lows in life, in particular their attempts to get rich. Critically and popularly acclaimed, the series received numerous awards, including recognition from BAFTA, the National Television Awards and the Royal Television Society, as well as winning individual accolades for both Sullivan and Jason. It was voted Britain's Best Sitcom in a 2004 BBC poll.

Lennard Pearce appeared in the first three series as Del and Rodney's elderly grandad. After Pearce's death in 1984, the show replaced Grandad with Uncle Albert, the boys' great uncle, played by Buster Merryfield. From 1988 onwards, the show features regular characters in Del Boy and Rodney's love interests, Raquel (Tessa Peake-Jones) and Cassandra (Gwyneth Strong) respectively. Other recurring characters include car dealer Boycie (John Challis), road sweeper Trigger (Roger Lloyd-Pack), lorry driver Denzil (Paul Barber), spiv Mickey Pearce (Patrick Murray), Boycie's wife Marlene (Sue Holderness), and pub landlord Mike (Kenneth MacDonald).

The show was not an immediate hit with viewers and received little promotion early on, but later achieved consistently high ratings, and the 1996 episode "Time on Our Hands" (originally billed as the last episode) holds the record for the highest UK audience for a sitcom episode, attracting 24.3 million viewers. The series influenced British culture, contributing several words and phrases to the English language. It spawned an extensive range of merchandise, including books, videos, DVDs, toys, and board games. Episodes are frequently repeated on UKTV comedy channel Gold.

A spin-off series, "The Green Green Grass", ran for four series in the UK from 2005 to 2009. A prequel, "Rock & Chips", ran for three specials in 2010 and 2011. A special Sport Relief episode aired in March 2014, guest starring David Beckham. In February 2019, a musical adaptation of the show, written by John Sullivan's son Jim Sullivan and Paul Whitehouse, was launched at the Theatre Royal Haymarket, London.

Rodney Trotter

Rodney Trotter

Rodney Charlton Trotter (also known as Dave by Trigger), is a fictional character in the long running BBC sitcom "Only Fools and Horses", played by Nicholas Lyndhurst.

RAF slang

RAF slang

The Royal Air Force (RAF) developed a distinctive slang which has been documented in works such as "Piece of Cake" and the "Dictionary of RAF slang".

The following is a comprehensive selection of slang terms and common abbreviations used by Royal Air Force from before World War II until the present day; less common abbreviations are not included. The slang of the RAF (sometimes referred to as "Slanguage"), developed partially from its antecedents of the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Naval Air Service, however, some phrases developed with less certainty of their origin.

Often common colloquial terms are used as well by airmen, in addition, some terms have come into common parlance such as "I "pranged" the car last night". Other slang was used by British and Empire air forces. There were a number of codes used within the RAF, not now under the official secrets act, some of which are included.

It is followed by a list of nicknames of aircraft used by, or familiar to, the RAF.

Peter Righton

Peter Righton Paul Pelham Righton (19262007), known as Peter Righton, was a child protection expert and social care worker, and a convicted child molester. In 2013, the Metropolitan Police launched Operation Cayacos to investigate claims that Righton was part of an establishment paedophile network. Righton worked in children's homes, including in Maidstone, Kent, and was a lecturer in child protection and residential care, including at the Open University and in Birmingham. He was Director of Education at the National Institute of Social Work, and vice-chairman of governors at New Barns School in Toddington, Gloucestershire. He was also a consultant to

Bias against left-handed people

the word for the direction "right" also means "correct" or "proper", and also stands for authority and justice. In Sanskrit, the word "वाम" (waama) stands for both "left" and "wicked." In most Slavic languages the root "prav" (right) is used in words carrying meanings of correctness or justice. In colloquial Russian the word "левый (levyĭ)" "left" means unofficial, counterfeit, strange. In Polish, the word "prawo" means "right" as well as "law", "prawy" means: lawful; the word "lewy" means "left" (opposite of right), and colloquially "illegal" (opposite of legal). In French, "droit(e)" (cognate to English "direct") means both "right" and "straight",

Only Fools and Horses

""Plonker"", meaning a fool or an idiot, and two expressions of delight or approval: ""Cushty"" (from the Roma word for "good") and ""Lovely jubbly"". The latter was borrowed from an advertising slogan for a popular 1960s orange juice drink, called "Jubbly", which was packaged in a pyramid shaped, waxed paper carton. Sullivan remembered it and thought it was an expression Del Boy would use; in 2003, the phrase was incorporated into the new Oxford English Dictionary. Owing to its exposure on "Only Fools and Horses", the Reliant Regal van is often linked with the show in the British media. The

Oxford "-er"

entrance to a shared student room, and the toll being the rapid consumption of an alcoholic beverage. A flat-sided conker (fruit of a horse-chestnut) is known as a cheeser, an "-er" contraction of "cheese-cutter". The names applied to conkers that have triumphed in conker fights are arguably "-er" forms ("one-er", "twelver", "etc"), though "conker" itself is derived from a dialect word for the shell of a snail. There are few "-ers" in the books of P. G. Wodehouse, though, with reference to a boundary in cricket scoring four runs, his poem, "The Cricketer in Winter" contained the line, "And giving

Colour of right

comes back five days later after using the van to go on a camping trip. Bram goes to court for theft. He argues that he thought that he had the right to use the van for the camping trip because he was allowed to use the van to go the party. The concept can also refer to a right, authority or power conferred on an official by way of a relationship between various statutory or regulatory instruments, where the official is granted a position's powers without having to actually occupy the position. In New Zealand the law grants a Fire

Waterloo, Nova Scotia

futile human efforts; or the use of right in "right sultry" weather as to say it is "certainly" sultry (where right is used in the fashion of "right enough" or "undeniably" right). One phrase, to "be short-taken" (meaning the sudden and unplanned need to find a restroom), appears to be borrowed from the British phrase, to "be taken short" or "caught short." A number of new words and phrases have found their way into the vernacular as well. For example, cutting wood into pieces or chunks is "junking it up" (perhaps from "chunking it up"); standing with one's back toward

The Price Is Right (U.S. game show)

them." The Barker-era lawsuits, except for one, were settled out of court. After Barker dropped his slander suit against Hallstrom, she eventually countersued and received millions in settlement. Former model Lanisha Cole filed a sexual harassment lawsuit against the show's producers in 2011; it was settled in 2013. The Plinko board is often used by RTL Group-licensed lottery promotions, CBS affiliates and Fremantle's Ludia video game division to promote the show. For the promotions, two fishing lines (one on each side of the board, hanging from the side down towards the center slot) are used to rig the game so

Chapulling

reappropriate the term, and began to describe themselves as "çapulcu". Within days, the usually negative term was being used as a positive term of self-identification. International supporters of the Gezi Park events posted social media photos of themselves holding messages of "I'm a chapuller as well" in their own languages. The movement was supported by the linguist and political critic Noam Chomsky, who defined himself as a "chapuller", recording the message that "everywhere is Taksim, everywhere is resistance". Cem Boyner, Chairman of Boyner Holding, also supported the movement by holding a banner saying "I'm neither rightist nor leftist, I am

Bloke

cited use is in 1861. Some believe it derives from the Celtic word "ploc", a large, bull-headed person. The word first appears in early 19th century England possibly, according to Michael Quinion, as a variation of the slang term "gloak", which itself was a variation of an older slang term "buzzgloak", meaning pickpocket. Originally "bloke" was criminal jargon (or cant) for a man of superior station, someone who was not a criminal, as in: "I stole the bloke's watch right off em." The earliest found usage, according to Quinion, is from 9 April 1829 in the court papers of the

Peter Righton

that Righton was involved in a paedophile ring with connections to the British Government. Former West Mercia police detective Terry Shutt made similar claims in 2014. Operation Cayacos, an investigation into historical claims of child abuse being conducted by the Metropolitan Police, began investigating claims of a paedophile network connected to Righton in 2013. Operation Cayacos is a spin-off of Operation Fairbank, investigating the Elm Guest House child abuse scandal. Peter Righton Paul Pelham Righton (19262007), known as Peter Righton, was a child protection expert and social care worker, and a convicted child molester. In 2013, the Metropolitan Police launched

Right Said Fred (song)

producer George Martin, who would later become famous for his work with the Beatles. The B-side was the comedy love song "Quietly Bonkers", another Dicks-Rudge composition. The song was also recorded in 1966 by Tommy Quickly. This version was produced by Brian Epstein and backed by Ian Whitcomb, Jimmy Page and the Blue Flames. Right Said Fred (song) "Right Said Fred" is a 1962 novelty song written by Ted Dicks and Myles Rudge. It is about three men (the narrator, "Fred", and "Charlie") working as manual labourers who are trying to move an unidentified object (although it is clarified that

Plonk (Usenet)

perhaps as a bit bucket). Folk etymology sometimes gives the term's origin as an acronym of various phrases, although in truth they are backronyms. These backronyms include: Please Log Off, Net Kook; Put Lamer On Killfile and Please Leave Our Newsgroup: Killfile! The term's usage later expanded to include blocking messages from annoying senders by using e-mail filters that delete incoming messages based on criteria set by the email recipient. Plonk has similarly been used on BBSes, online forums, blogs, IRC (Internet Relay Chat), and wikis (which usually do not have filters). It is occasionally used in reference to blocking

Staple right

Staple right The staple right, also translated stacking right or storage right, both from the Dutch "stapelrecht", was a medieval right accorded to certain ports, the staple ports. It required merchant barges or ships to unload their goods at the port and to display them for sale for a certain period, often three days. Only after that option had been given to local customers was the trader allowed to reload his cargo and travel onwards with the remaining unsold freight. Limited staple rights were sometimes given to towns along major trade-routes like Görlitz, which obtained staple rights for salt and

Plascon-Evans v Van Riebeeck Paints

the notional-user test, deployed by the courts to determine whether or not there has been an infringement of a trade mark, posed difficulties where the actual proven user fell outside of the ambit of the plaintiff's monopoly. The court found that the intention of the legislature in section 46(b) of the Act was to safeguard the use by the trader of words which were fairly descriptive of his goods and genuinely used for the purpose of describing the character and quality of those goods. Such use must not be a device for the achievement of some ulterior object. The rule

Right Club

and his supporters, Ramsay withdrew. The Right Club spent the phoney War period distributing propaganda in the form of leaflets and "sticky-backs" (adhesive labels containing slogans), with Ramsay later explaining that he wanted "to maintain the atmosphere in which the 'Phoney War', as it was called, might be converted into an honourable negotiated peace." In addition to Ramsay's "Land of dope and Jewry" rhyme, the slogans included "War destroys workers' and "This is a Jews' War"; some of the leaflets asserted "the stark truth is that this war was plotted and engineered by the Jews for world-power and vengeance". One