Question: In old measurement 1 rod = 1 pole = 1 perch = what fraction of 1 chain?

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Rod (unit)

The perch as a lineal measure in Rome (also "decempeda") was , and in France varied from 10 feet ("perche romanie") to 22 feet ("perche d'arpent"—apparently of "the range of an arrow"—about 220 feet). To confuse matters further, by ancient Roman definition, an arpent equalled 120 Roman feet. The related unit of square measure was the "scrupulum" or "decempeda quadrata", equivalent to about . Units comparable to the perch, pole or rod were used in many European countries, with names that include and "canne", , and "pertica", and . They were subdivided in many different ways, and were of many

Rod (unit)

4 rods)). This unit is usually referred to as a "perch" or "pole" even though "square perch" and "square pole" were the more precise terms. Confusingly, "rod" was sometimes used as a unit of area to mean a rood. However, in the traditional French-based system in some countries, 1 square "perche" is 42.21 square metres. As of August 2013 perches and roods are used as government survey units in Jamaica. They appear on most property title documents. The perch is also in extensive use in Sri Lanka, being favored even over the rood and acre in real estate listings there.

Measuring rod

used for teams of eight oxen by medieval English ploughmen. The lengths of the perch (one rod unit) and "chain" (four rods) were standardized in 1607 by Edmund Gunter. The rod unit was still in use as a common unit of measurement in the mid-19th century, when Henry David Thoreau used it frequently when describing distances in his work "Walden". Two statues of Gudea of Lagash in the Louvre depict him sitting with a tablet on his lap, upon which are placed surveyors tools including a measuring rod. Seal 154 recovered from Alalakh, now in the Biblioteque Nationale show a

Rod (unit)

the same length as a "perch", also sometimes called a pole which measure using cordage or wood, slightly antedated the use of both rods and surveyors chains, made of more dimensionally regular materials. Its name derives from the Ancient Roman unit, the "pertica". The measure also has a relationship to the military pike of about the same size and both measures date from the sixteenth century, when that weapon was still utilized in national armies. The tool, normally configured as a metal rod with eye-ends (loops that could be hooked together), was used commonly until quite recently, when it was

Rod (unit)

shown in this actual legal description of rural real estate: The terms "pole", "perch", "rod" and "rood" have been used as units of area, and "perch" is also used as a unit of volume. As a unit of area, a "square perch" (the perch being standardized to equal feet, or yards) is equal to a square rod, or acre. There are 40 square perches to a rood (e.g., a rectangular area one furlong (10 chains i.e. 40 rods) in length by one rod in width), and 160 square perches to an acre (an area one furlong by one chain (i.e.

English units

English units

English units are the units of measurement used in England up to 1826 (when they were replaced by Imperial units), which evolved as a combination of the Anglo-Saxon and Roman systems of units. Various standards have applied to English units at different times, in different places, and for different applications.

Use of the term "English units" can be ambiguous, as, in addition to the meaning used in this article, it is sometimes used to refer to the units of the descendent Imperial system as well to those of the descendant system of United States customary units.

The two main sets of English units were the Winchester Units, used from 1495 to 1587, as affirmed by King Henry VII, and the Exchequer Standards, in use from 1588 to 1825, as defined by Queen Elizabeth I.

In England (and the British Empire), English units were replaced by Imperial units in 1824 (effective 1 January 1826) by a Weights and Measures Act, which retained many though not all of the unit names and redefined (standardised) many of the definitions. In the US, being independent from the British Empire decades before the 1824 reforms, English units were standardized and adopted (as "US Customary Units") in 1832.

Link (unit)

Link (unit)

The link (usually abbreviated as "l.", "li." or "lnk."), sometimes called a Gunter’s link, is a unit of length formerly used in many English-speaking countries. In US customary units modern definition, the link is exactly of a US survey foot, or exactly 7.92 inches or approximately 20.12 cm.

The unit is based on Gunter's chain, a metal chain 66 feet long with 100 links, that was formerly used in land surveying. Even after the original tool was replaced by later instruments of higher precision, the unit was commonly used throughout the English-speaking world, for example in the United States customary units and the Imperial system. The length of the foot, and hence the link, varied slightly from place to place and time to time. In modern times the difference between the US survey foot and the international foot is two parts per million. The link fell out of general use in the 20th century.

Imperial and US customary measurement systems

List of conversion factors

List of conversion factors

This article give a list of conversion factors for several physical quantities. A number of different units (some only of historical interest) are shown and expressed in terms of the corresponding SI unit.
Conversions between units in the metric system are defined by their prefixes (for example, 1 kilogram = 1000 grams, 1 milligram = 0.001 grams) and are thus not listed in this article. Exceptions are made if the unit is commonly known by another name (for example, 1 micron = 10 metre). Within each table, the units are listed alphabetically, and the SI units (base or derived) are highlighted.

The following quantities are considered: length, area, volume, plane angle, solid angle, mass, density, time, frequency, velocity, volumetric flow rate, acceleration, force, pressure (or mechanical stress), torque (or moment of force), energy, power (or heat flow rate), action, dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity, electric current, electric charge, electric dipole, electromotive force (or electric potential difference), electrical resistance, capacitance, magnetic flux, magnetic flux density, inductance, temperature, information entropy, luminous intensity, luminance, luminous flux, illuminance, radiation.

United States customary units

United States customary units

United States customary units form a system of measurement units commonly used in the United States and U.S. territories since being standardized and adopted in 1832. The United States customary system (USCS or USC) developed from English units which were in use in the British Empire before the U.S. became an independent country. The United Kingdom's system of measures was overhauled in 1824 to create the imperial system, which was officially adopted in 1826, changing the definitions of some of its units. Consequently, while many U.S. units are essentially similar to their imperial counterparts, there are significant differences between the systems.

The majority of U.S. customary units were redefined in terms of the meter and kilogram with the Mendenhall Order of 1893 and, in practice, for many years before. These definitions were refined by the international yard and pound agreement of 1959.

Americans use customary units in commercial activities, as well as for personal and social use. In science, medicine, many sectors of industry, and some government and military areas, metric units are used. The International System of Units (SI), the modern form of the metric system, is preferred for many uses by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). For newer units of measure where there is no traditional customary unit, international units are used, sometimes mixed with customary units; for example, electrical resistance of wire expressed in ohms (SI) per thousand feet.

Rod (unit)

Rod (unit) The rod or perch or pole is a surveyor’s tool and unit of length exactly equal to yards, 16 feet, of a statute mile or one-fourth of a surveyor's chain (approximately 5.0292 meters). The rod is useful as a unit of length because whole number multiples of it can form one acre of square measure. The 'perfect acre' is a rectangular area of 43,560 square feet, bounded by sides of length 660 feet and 66 feet (220 yards and 22 yards) or, equivalently, 40 rods and 4 rods. An acre is therefore 160 square rods. A rod is

Rod (unit)

different lengths. Based on data from the following: In England, the rod is first defined in law by the Composition of Yards and Perches, one of the statutes of uncertain date from the late 13th to early 14th centuries. The length of the "chain" was standardized in 1620 by Edmund Gunter at exactly four rods. Fields were measured in "acres", which were one chain (four rods) by one furlong (in the United Kingdom, ten chains). Bars of metal one rod long were used as standards of length when surveying land. The rod was still in use as a common unit

Rod (unit)

the book "Connections": the English monk Richard Benese "produced a book on how to survey land using the simple tools of the time, a rod with cord carrying knots at certain intervals, waxed and resined against wet weather." Benese poetically described the measure of an acre in terms of a perch: The practice of using surveyor's chains, and perch-length rods made into a detachable stiff chain, came about a century later when iron was a more plentiful and common material. A chain is a larger unit of length measuring , or 22 yards, or 100 links, or 4 rods (20.1168

Rod (unit)

supplanted by electronic tools such as surveyor lasers (Lidar) and optical target devices for surveying lands. Surveyors rods and chains are still utilized in rough terrains with heavy overgrowth where laser or other optical measurements are difficult or impossible. In dialectal English the term "lug" has also been used. In England, the perch was officially discouraged in favour of the rod as early as the 15th century; however, local customs maintained its use. In the 13th century perches were variously recorded in lengths of , , and ; and even as late as 1820, a House of Commons report notes

Rod (unit)

Perches were informally used as a measure in Queensland real estate until the early 21st century, mostly for historical gazetted properties in older suburbs. A traditional unit of volume for stone and other masonry. A perch of masonry is the volume of a stone wall one perch () long, high, and thick. This is equivalent to exactly . There are two different measurements for a perch depending on the type of masonry that is being built: Rod (unit) The rod or perch or pole is a surveyor’s tool and unit of length exactly equal to yards, 16 feet, of a

Rod (unit)

lengths of , , , , and even . In Ireland, a perch was standardized at , making an Irish chain, furlong and mile proportionately longer by 27.27% than the "standard" English measure. Until English King Henry VIII seized the lands of the Roman Catholic Church in 1536, land measures as we now know them were essentially unknown. Instead a narrative system of landmarks and lists was used. Henry wanted to raise even more funds for his wars than he'd seized directly from church property (he'd also assumed the debts of Monasteries), and as James Burke writes and quotes in

Gunter's chain

chains was that constructed, to very high precision, for the measurement of the baselines of the Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790) and the Principal Triangulation of Great Britain. The even less common "Rathborn system", also from the 17th century, is based on a 200-link chain of two rods (33 feet, 10.0584 m) length. Each rod (or perch or pole) consists of 100 links, (1.98 inches, 50.292 mm each), which are called "seconds" (″), ten of which make a "prime" (′, 19.8 inches, 0.503 m). Vincent Wing made chains with 9.90-inch links, most commonly as 33-foot half-chains of 40 links. These chains were

Rod (unit)

also in widespread use in the acquisition of pipeline easements, as the offers for an easement are often expressed on a "price per rod". In the United Kingdom, the sizes of allotment gardens continue to be measured in square poles in some areas, sometimes being referred to simply as "poles" rather than "square poles". In Vermont, the default right-of-way width of state and town highways and trails is three rods (15.0876 m). Rods can also be found on the older legal descriptions of tracts of land in the United States, following the "metes and bounds" method of land survey; as

Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790)

100 ft. steel chain of 100 links prepared by Jesse Ramsden. It was the intention to measure more accurately with a set of three calibrated deal rods about 20 ft. in length. Three rods at a time were supported on trestles and the ends aligned to an accuracy of a thousandth part of an inch. The first rod was then carried to the end of the third, an operation to be repeated 1370 times. Unfortunately the deal rods had to be abandoned because of their susceptibility to lengthen and shorten in wet weather, and they were replaced by one inch

Land surveying in Kentucky

referenced in decimal and historically in fraction. For example, a modern survey should list a distance of one-foot and six-inches as 1.50 feet. Historically lengths were also measured as chain (length) and rod (length). A rod is also known as a pole, both being 16.5 feet. A chain is most commonly 66 feet (4 poles) but can also be 33 feet (2 poles). Notable Surveyors in Kentucky History include Daniel Boone, Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Bullitt, George Rogers Clark, and Isaac Shelby. Modern technology used in surveying in Kentucky includes GPS, the Total station, and CAD. A popular CAD system with

Measuring rod

in Roman art showing the surveyors at work. A shorter folding yardstick one Roman foot long is known from excavations of a Roman fort in Niederburg, Germany. In the Middle Ages, bars were used as standards of length when surveying land. These bars often used a unit of measure called a rod, of length equal to 5.5 yards, 5.0292 metres, 16.5 feet, or of a statute mile. A rod is the same length as a "perch" or a "pole". In Old English, the term "lug" is also used. The length is equal to the standardized length of the ox goad

Rod (unit)

of linear measurement, including the rod, based on the yard. In 1959, an international agreement (the International yard and pound agreement), defined the yard as the fundamental unit of length in the Imperial/USCU system, defined as exactly 0.9144 metres. However, the above-noted units, when used in surveying, may retain their pre-1959 values, depending on the legislation in each state. Despite no longer being in widespread use, the rod is still employed in certain specialized fields. In recreational canoeing, maps measure portages (overland paths where canoes must be carried) in rods; typical canoes are approximately one rod long. The term is

Rod (unit)

VIII's agents; buyers simply wanted to know what they were buying whereas Henry was raising cash for wars against Scotland and France. Consequently, the surveyor's chain and surveyor rods or poles (the perch) have been used for several centuries in Britain and in many other countries influenced by British practices such as North America and Australia. By the time of the industrial revolution and the quickening of land sales, canal and railway surveys, et al. Surveyor rods such as used by George Washington were generally made of dimensionally stable metal—semi-flexible pinky-finger-tip-thin drawn wrought iron linkable bar stock (not steel), such

rods cut from a new mast in the Admiralty dock yards. These were intended to be used for the precision measurement but Roy also ordered a 100 ft steel chain from Ramsden which could be used for a quick preliminary measurement. The deal rods proved ineffective because of their changes with humidity and they were replaced with glass rods for the final measurement; however Roy observed that the chain itself was just as accurate as the rods. For this reason the 1791 survey started by remeasuring the base with two new 100 ft chains, the second to be kept unused

Gunter's chain

7.92 inches long. A quarter chain, or 25 links, measures 5½ yards and thus measures a rod (or pole). Ten chains measure a furlong and 80 chains measure a statute mile. Gunter's chain reconciled two seemingly incompatible systems: the traditional English land measurements, based on the number four, and decimals based on the number 10. Since an acre measured 10 square chains (or 100,000 square links) in Gunter's system, the entire process of land measurement could be computed using measurements in links, and then converted to acres by dividing the results by 100,000. The method of surveying a field or


Question: What name is given to a long, gown-like coat with short sleeves made of wool or cotton, as worn by Muslim priests or high officials?

1795–1820 in Western fashion

or silk or even muslin for summer. Paisley patterns were extremely popular at the time. Short (high-waisted) jackets called "spencers" were worn outdoors, along with long-hooded cloaks, Turkish wraps, mantles, capes, Roman tunics, chemisettes, and overcoats called "pelisses" (which were often sleeveless and reached down as far as the ankles). These outer garments were often made of double sarsnet, fine Merino cloth, or velvets, and trimmed with fur, such as swan's down, fox, chinchilla, or sable. On May 6, 1801, Jane Austen wrote her sister Cassandra, "Black gauze cloaks are worn as much as anything." Thin, flat fabric (silk or

Kandys

graves showing that the sleeves were so narrow and placed in such a manner that they could not realistically function as sleeves. The kandys was worn as a cloak rather than a coat, except in the presence of the King for inspections, when the arms were placed in the kandys's overlong or sewn-up sleeves. This has been interpreted as a precaution against assassination attempts. The Persian kandys was often purple, or made from leather and skins. Since 1990 the Encyclopædia Iranica has stated that most people believe that the candys (their spelling), along with a long-sleeved coat called a sárapis

Khalat

Jewish men in Eastern Europe, until the early 20th century. These were long, close-fitting coats with shawl collars and pockets. In Jewish communities, these were cotton garments meant for everyday wear; more luxurious versions were made of velvet or silk and worn for Shabbat or other holidays. Khalat A khalat ( / ALA-LC: "xalat") is a loose, long-sleeved outer silk or cotton robe common in Central Asia, Pakistan and northern India and worn both by men and women, although in differing styles. Historically, richly adorned khalats have been used as honorific awards, similarly to mantle. The word khalat/khilat was also

Jama (coat)

Jama (coat) ] The term jama refers to a long coat which was popular in South Asia during the Mughal period. Some styles of the jama were tight around the torso but flared out like a skirt to below the knees or the ankles. Other styles, such as the chakman jama, ended at around the knees. The sleeves tended to be full. The jama was fastened to either side with strings with some styles also opening at the front. What was originally male dress was also adopted by women who wore the jama with a scarf and tight fitting pajamas.

Biblical clothing

it was either left home or removed when working. (See ). From this simple item of the common people developed the richly ornamented mantle of the well-off, which reached from the neck to the knees and had short sleeves. The "me'īl" ( , translated into Greek as "stolḗ") stands for a variety of garments worn over the undergarment like a cloak (, ), but used only by men of rank or of the priestly order (, , ). The "me'ı̄l" was a costly wrap (, , , ) and the description of the priest's "me'ı̄l" was similar to the sleeveless

Biblical clothing

Academic dress

Academic dress

Academic dress is a traditional form of clothing for academic settings, mainly tertiary (and sometimes secondary) education, worn mainly by those who have obtained a university degree (or similar), or hold a status that entitles them to assume them (e.g., undergraduate students at certain old universities). It is also known as academical dress, academicals, and, in the United States, as academic regalia.

Contemporarily, it is commonly seen only at graduation ceremonies, but formerly academic dress was, and to a lesser degree in many ancient universities still is, worn daily. Today, the ensembles are distinctive in some way to each institution, and generally consist of a gown (also known as a robe) with a separate hood, and usually a cap (generally either a square academic cap, a tam, or a bonnet). Academic dress is also worn by members of certain learned societies and institutions as official dress.

Byzantine dress

Byzantine dress

Byzantine dress changed considerably over the thousand years of the Empire, but was essentially conservative. Popularly, Byzantine dress remained attached to its classical Greek roots with most changes and different styles being evidenced in the upper strata of Byzantine society always with a touch of the Hellenic environment. The Byzantines liked colour and pattern, and made and exported very richly patterned cloth, especially Byzantine silk, woven and embroidered for the upper classes, and resist-dyed and printed for the lower. A different border or trimming round the edges was very common, and many single stripes down the body or around the upper arm are seen, often denoting class or rank. Taste for the middle and upper classes followed the latest fashions at the Imperial Court.

As in the West during the Middle Ages, clothing was very expensive for the poor, who probably wore the same well-worn clothes nearly all the time; this meant in particular that any costume owned by most women needed to fit throughout the full length of a pregnancy. Even for the better-off, clothing was "used until death and then reused", and the cut was generous to allow for this.

Thawb

Thawb

Thawb ( "garment"), also spelled thobe or tobe and known by various other names in different regions, is an ankle-length robe, usually with long sleeves. It is commonly worn in the Arabian Peninsula, the Middle East, North Africa, and other neighbouring Arab countries, and some countries in East and West Africa.

History of clothing in the Indian subcontinent

History of clothing in the Indian subcontinent can be traced to the Indus Valley civilization or earlier. Indians have mainly worn clothing made up of locally grown cotton. India was one of the first places where cotton was cultivated and used even as early as 2500 BCE during the Harappan era. The remnants of the ancient Indian clothing can be found in the figurines discovered from the sites near the Indus Valley civilisation, the rock-cut sculptures, the cave paintings, and human art forms found in temples and monuments. These scriptures view the figures of human wearing clothes which can be wrapped around the body. Taking the instances of the sari to that of turban and the dhoti, the traditional Indian wears were mostly tied around the body in various ways.

Kandys

Kandys A kandys (, translit. ') (plural: kandyes), also called candys, kantuš or Median robe, is a type of three-quarter-length Persian coat. It originally described a leather cloak with sleeves worn by men, but evolved into a garment worn by Athenian women. The kandys is sometimes compared to the rather later 17th-19th century military pelisse as worn by Hussars, in the sense that it was a sleeved jacket or coat worn cloak-style. It is suggested that the term "kandys"/"candys" was probably an Iranian word that was appropriated by the Greeks to describe the Persian garment, which in Old Persian would

Afghan coat

Afghan coat An Afghan coat is a sheepskin or goatskin coat made with the fleece on the inside and the soft suede-like leather on the outside. It is a development of the traditional overcoat of the Afghan tribes, called the Pashtuns, which could be anywhere from jacket- to ankle-length, with full or partial sleeves. Modern Afghan coats originate from Ghazni province, situated between Kabul and Kandahar. The coats were made from sheepskins that were fully cured and tanned, colourful and finely embroidered with silk thread. They were first imported to the UK in 1966 by Craig Sams, who sold them

Ottoman clothing

robe), 'kalpak', 'sarık' on the head; 'çarık', çizme (boots), 'çedik', 'Yemeni' on the feet. The administrators and the wealthy wore caftans with fur lining and embroidery, whereas the middle class wore 'cübbe' (a mid-length robe) and 'hırka' (a short robe or tunic), and the poor wore collarless 'cepken' or 'yelek' (vest). Women's everyday wear was şalvar (trousers), a gömlek (chemise) that came down to the mid-calf or ankle, a short, fitted jacket called a zıbın, and a sash or belt tied at or just below the waist. For formal occasions, such as visiting friends, the woman added an entari or

Clothing in the ancient world

people developed the richly ornamented mantle of the well-off, which reached from the neck to the knees and had short sleeves. The "me'il" ( ) or cloak was generally worn over the undergarment, (See , ). The "me'il" was a costly wrap (See , , , ) and, according to the description of the priest's "me'il", was similar to the sleeveless abaya (). This, like the "me'il" of the high priest, may have reached only to the knees, but it is commonly supposed to have been a long-sleeved garment made of a light fabric, probably imported from Syria. The Torah

Bethlehem

known as the Bethlehem jacket. The taqsireh was made of velvet or broadcloth, usually with heavy embroidery. Bethlehem work was unique in its use of couched gold or silver cord, or silk cord onto the silk, wool, felt or velvet used for the garment, to create stylized floral patterns with free or rounded lines. This technique was used for "royal" wedding dresses ("thob malak"), taqsirehs and the "shatwehs" worn by married women. It has been traced by some to Byzantium, and by others to the formal costumes of the Ottoman Empire's elite. As a Christian village, local women were also

Biblical clothing

abaya (; Antiquities, III. vii. 4). This, like the "me'ı̄l" of the high priest, may have reached only to the knees, but it is commonly supposed to have been a long-sleeved garment made of a light fabric. At a later period the nobles wore over the "simlāh", or in place of it, a wide, many-folded mantle of state ("adderet", or "ma'aṭafah") made of rich material (See ), imported from Babylon (). The leather garment worn by the prophets was called by the same name because of its width. The Torah commanded that Israelites wear tassels or fringes ("ẓiẓit", ) attached

Ottoman clothing

scholarly peoples would wear coats that had hanging sleeves, similar to Turkish-style outer kaftans. These hanging sleeves meant one could see a second layer of fabric underneath the outer layer. Although hanging sleeves had been present in Europe since the 12th century, they did not escape Lady Mary Montague's fascination in the 18th century. In a letter dated March 10, 1717, she wrote to the Countess of Mar about Hafize (Hafsa) Sultan, a woman who was a favorite of the deposed Sultan Mustafa: "But her dress was something so surprisingly rich, that I cannot forbear describing it to you. She

Afghan coat

design continued to be very popular in the 1970s and 1980s particularly associated with the hippie subculture. Afghan coat An Afghan coat is a sheepskin or goatskin coat made with the fleece on the inside and the soft suede-like leather on the outside. It is a development of the traditional overcoat of the Afghan tribes, called the Pashtuns, which could be anywhere from jacket- to ankle-length, with full or partial sleeves. Modern Afghan coats originate from Ghazni province, situated between Kabul and Kandahar. The coats were made from sheepskins that were fully cured and tanned, colourful and finely embroidered with

Frock coat

long coat called a justacorps. This coat, popularised by Louis XIII of France and Charles II of England, was knee length and looser fitting than the later frock coat, with turn-back cuffs and two rows of buttons. English and French noblemen often wore expensive brocade coats decorated with velvet, gold braid, embroidery, and gold buttons to demonstrate their wealth. Before the frock coat existed, there was another garment called the "frock" in the 18th century, which was probably unrelated to the frock "coat", sharing only a similarity in name. The earlier frock was originally country clothing that became increasingly common

Atilla (clothing)

wearing their short coats slung on one shoulder. When worn in this fashion the jacket was often referred to as a "pelisse". In cold or wet weather the atilla could be buttoned across the chest and worn as a conventional jacket. One possibly mythical account, reported by an English general, is that one night a Hungarian cavalry unit was attacked by the Turks and had no time to dress properly. Instead they just threw on their short coats half shouldered and went into battle. Supposedly the Turks on seeing the "flying sleeves of the short coats", thought that they were

English medieval clothing

the 9th century, and around the same time, the cloak began to be curbed by the same belt that was worn over the tunic. The wrap-over coat also made an appearance during this era. This knee-length coat wrapped over the front of the body. Its sleeves were, as Owen-Crocker says, “deep, [with] decorated cuffs which [were] mostly straight”. For the lower classes, this coat tended to be plainer than that of the nobility. The waistcoat or jacket appeared during this time as well. For those who could afford it, the jacket was made of fur while less costly ones were

Dolman

Dolman A Dolman (from Turkish "dolaman" "robe" ) is a somewhat vague term for various types of clothing, all of which have sleeves and cover the top part of the body, and sometimes more. Originally, the term referred to a long and loose garment with narrow sleeves and an opening in the front. It was worn generally by the Turks, and is not unlike a cassock in shape. The name "dolman" was also given to the short uniform jacket worn by hussars, also called an atilla. The close fitting, short-cut coat was heavily braided. It was usually worn under a

Sirwal

The drawstring allows the sirwal to be worn at either the waist or hip level. Sirwals are commonly worn by Arab men under the "thawb", or alone with some sort of loose top. It is usually made from cotton, linen, or polyester. Sometimes the cuff features embroidery. There are two types of "sirwal", long and short. Short "sarawil" are worn by most Saudi men. Men of the Western Region usually wear long "sarawil". The seroual formed part of the standard uniform for the Mameluke squadrons of Napoleon's Imperial Guard, and for the Zouave and other North African regiments of the

Kaftan

a pullover men's robe with long bell-like sleeves. In the Wolof language, this robe is called a "mbubb" and in French, it is called a "boubou". The Senegalese kaftan is an ankle-length garment, and is worn with matching drawstring pants called "tubay". Usually made of cotton brocade, lace, or synthetic fabrics, these robes are common throughout West Africa. A kaftan and matching pants are called a kaftan suit. The kaftan suit is worn with a kufi cap. Senegalese kaftans are formal wear in all West African countries. Persian kaftan robes of honour were commonly known as khalat or kelat. Hasidic

Cassock

dress by being generally black and by incorporating a clerical collar. The word "cassock" comes from Middle French , meaning a long coat. In turn, the Old French word may come ultimately from Turkish (nomad, adventurer – the source of the word "Cossack"), an allusion to their typical riding coat, or from Persian (padded garment) – (raw silk) + (stuffed). The name was originally specially applied to the dress worn by soldiers and horsemen, and later to the long garment worn in civil life by both men and women. As an ecclesiastical term the word "cassock" came into use somewhat


Question: How many pints are there in a 'Winchester'?

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Winchester rifle

a barrel "Musket". Standard rifles had a blued finish while deluxe models were casehardened. Collectors identify a first model with no dust cover, a second model with a dust cover rail fastened by a screw, and a third model with an integral dust cover. Total production was 63,871 including 54 "One of One Thousand" Model 1876s and only seven of the "One of One Hundred" grade. Originally chambered for the new .45-75 Winchester "Centennial" cartridge (designed to replicate the .45-70 ballistics in a shorter case), versions in .40-60 Winchester, .45-60 Winchester and .50-95 Express followed; the '76 in the latter

Winchester measure

the widespread belief that the Winchester units of dry capacity measure, i.e., the bushel and its dependent quantities the peck, gallon and quart, must have originated in the time of King Edgar. However, contemporary scholarship can find no evidence for the existence of any these units in Britain prior to the Norman Conquest. Furthermore, all of the units associated with Winchester measure (quarter, bushel, peck, gallon, pottle, quart, pint) have names of French derivation, at least suggestive of Norman origin. Prior to the Norman Conquest, the following units of capacity measure were used: "sester", "amber", "mitta", "coomb", and "seam". A

Pint

all the various gallons with a new imperial gallon based on ten pounds of distilled water at (277.42 cubic inches), from which the current UK pint is derived. The various Canadian provinces continued to use the Queen Anne Winchester wine gallon as a basis for their pint until 1873, well after Britain adopted the imperial system in 1824. This made the Canadian pint compatible with the American pint, but after 1824 it was incompatible with the British pint. The traditional French "pinte" used in Lower Canada (Quebec) was twice the size of the traditional English "pint" used in Upper Canada

Winchester measure

to the standard, marked in his Majesty's exchequer, commonly called the "Winchester" measure, containing eight gallons to the bushel, and no more or less, and the said bushel strucken even by the wood or brim of the same by the seller, and sealed as this act directs, he or they shall forfeit for every such offence the sum of forty shillings". It is first defined in law by a statute of 1696-7 (8 & 9 William III c 22. s 9 & s 45) "And to the End all His Majesties Subjects may know the Content of the Winchester Bushell

Winchester measure

Winchester measure Winchester measure is a set of legal standards of volume instituted in the late 15th century (1495) by King Henry VII of England and in use, with some modifications, until the present day. It consists of the Winchester bushel and its dependent quantities, the peck, (dry) gallon and (dry) quart. They would later become known as the Winchester Standards, named because the examples were kept in the city of Winchester. Winchester measure may also refer to: During the tenth century, the capital city of the English king, Edgar, was at Winchester and, at his direction, standards of measurement

Pint

Pint

The pint (, ; symbol pt, sometimes abbreviated as "p") is a unit of volume or capacity in both the imperial and United States customary measurement systems. In both of those systems it is traditionally one eighth of a gallon. The British imperial pint is about 20% larger than the American pint because the two systems are defined differently. Almost all other countries have standardized on the metric system, so although some of them still also have traditional units called pints (such as for beverages), the volume varies by regional custom.

The imperial pint (≈) is used in the United Kingdom and Ireland and to a limited extent in Commonwealth nations. In the United States, two kinds of pint are used: a liquid pint (≈) and a less-common dry pint (≈). Other former British colonies, such as Canada, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand, converted to the metric system in the 1960s and 1970s; so while the term may still be in common use in these countries, it may no longer refer to the British imperial pint once used throughout the British Empire.

Since the majority of countries in the world no longer use American or British imperial units, and most are non-English speaking, a "pint of beer" served in a tavern outside the United Kingdom and the United States may be measured by other standards. In Commonwealth countries it may be a British imperial pint of 568 mL, in countries serving large numbers of American tourists it might be a US liquid pint of 473 mL, in many metric countries it is a half-litre of 500 mL, in some places it is another measure reflecting national and local laws and customs.<ref>
American Journal of Physics, v.67(1), 1999-Jan, p.13-16, Romer,R.H.; Editorial: Units: SI only, or multi-cultural diversity?</ref>

Gallon

Gallon

The gallon is a unit of volume in imperial units and United States customary units. Three different versions are in current use:

There are two pints in a quart and four quarts in a gallon. Different sizes of pints account for the different sizes of the imperial and US gallons.

The IEEE standard symbol for both US (liquid) and imperial gallon is gal, not to be confused with the gal (symbol: Gal), a CGS unit of acceleration.

Winchester measure

Quart

Quart

The quart (symbol: qt) is an English unit of volume equal to a quarter gallon. Three kinds of quarts are currently used: the liquid quart and dry quart of the US customary system and the of the British imperial system. All are roughly equal to one liter. It is divided into two pints or (in the US) four cups. Historically, the exact size of the quart has varied with the different values of gallons over time and in reference to different commodities.

English units

English units

English units are the units of measurement used in England up to 1826 (when they were replaced by Imperial units), which evolved as a combination of the Anglo-Saxon and Roman systems of units. Various standards have applied to English units at different times, in different places, and for different applications.

Use of the term "English units" can be ambiguous, as, in addition to the meaning used in this article, it is sometimes used to refer to the units of the descendent Imperial system as well to those of the descendant system of United States customary units.

The two main sets of English units were the Winchester Units, used from 1495 to 1587, as affirmed by King Henry VII, and the Exchequer Standards, in use from 1588 to 1825, as defined by Queen Elizabeth I.

In England (and the British Empire), English units were replaced by Imperial units in 1824 (effective 1 January 1826) by a Weights and Measures Act, which retained many though not all of the unit names and redefined (standardised) many of the definitions. In the US, being independent from the British Empire decades before the 1824 reforms, English units were standardized and adopted (as "US Customary Units") in 1832.

Quart

Winchester quart bottles, although they contain slightly more than a traditional Winchester quart. The reputed quart was a measure equal to two thirds of an Imperial quart, or one sixth of a gallon, about 0.7577litres. It was previously recognized as a standard size of wine bottle in the United Kingdom, and is only slightly larger than the current standard wine bottle of 0.75L. Quart The quart (abbreviation qt.) is an English unit of volume equal to a quarter gallon. It is divided into two pints or four cups. Historically, the exact size of the quart has varied with the different

Winchester rifle

1875. Barrels producing unusually small groupings during test-firing were fitted to rifles with set triggers and a special finish. Marked "One of One Thousand", they sold for a then pricey $100 (). A popular 1950 Western starring Jimmy Stewart, "Winchester '73", was based on the coveted gun. Promotions included a search for "One of One Thousand" rifles by Universal Studios, with advertisements in sporting magazines and posters in sporting goods stores. A second grade of Model 1873 barrels producing above average accuracy were fitted to rifles marked "One of One Hundred", and sold for $20 over list. Approximately 136 "One

Boston round (bottle)

Boston round (bottle) A Boston round bottle, or Winchester bottle, is a strong and heavy bottle commonly used in the drug and chemical industries. It is often made of amber (brown) glass (to filter out UV light) but can also be made of plastics. The "Winchester quart" bottle first appeared in the UK in the 19th century with a capacity of 2 imperial quarts (≈2.273 l). At the time, a system of dry capacity measures known as "Winchester" was still in use. To this day, the Winchester bushel is used in the USA. However, the Winchester quart bottle has no

Winchester Model 100

to the shooter. Winchester offered to do repairs on the gun free of charge. Winchester Model 100 The Winchester Model 100 was a semi-automatic rifle manufactured by Winchester Repeating Arms Company. It was first introduced in 1961, and was manufactured until 1973. A total of approximately 262,838 were manufactured. Variants of the weapon are capable of firing a .308, .243, or .284 Winchester cartridge. The barrel is long. The rifle weighs . In 1990, Winchester issued a recall for this rifle due to a tendency for the firing pin to fail, causing the gun to fire with the action not

Winchester College

24.5 m (60 ft) wide. It is delimited lengthwise by canvas netting and by posts threaded with a heavy rope that run parallel 1 metre inside the netting, and 1 metre above the ground. There is also a distinctive Winchester version of Fives, resembling Rugby Fives but with a buttress on the court. Winchester currently has 4 active Winchester fives courts. It has been claimed that Rugby Fives and Winchester Fives are both forms of "Wessex Fives", and that Thomas Arnold took with him the game of Wessex Fives he played as a boy at what is now Warminster School

Winchester Model 100

Winchester Model 100 The Winchester Model 100 was a semi-automatic rifle manufactured by Winchester Repeating Arms Company. It was first introduced in 1961, and was manufactured until 1973. A total of approximately 262,838 were manufactured. Variants of the weapon are capable of firing a .308, .243, or .284 Winchester cartridge. The barrel is long. The rifle weighs . In 1990, Winchester issued a recall for this rifle due to a tendency for the firing pin to fail, causing the gun to fire with the action not fully locked, leading to possible catastrophic failure and risk of severe injury or death

Comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems

be exactly (277.4 cu in), the imperial gallon is close in size to the old ale gallon. The Winchester measure was made obsolete in the British Empire but remained in use in the US. The Winchester bushel was replaced with an imperial bushel of 8 imperial gallons. The subdivisions of the bushel were maintained. As with US dry measures the imperial system divides the bushel into 4 pecks, 8 gallons, 32 quarts or 64 pints. Thus all of these imperial measures are about 3% larger than their US dry measure counterparts. Fluid measure is not as straightforward. The American colonists

HMS Winchester (1822)

HMS Winchester (1822) HMS "Winchester" was a 60-gun "Southampton"-class sailing frigate of the Royal Navy. She was laid down in 1816 at Woolwich Dockyard, and launched on 21 June 1822. Although designed for 60 guns, she and the rest of the class carried 52 guns. From 1831 to 1861 she served in North America and South East Asia. In 1861 she became the training ship "Conway" at Liverpool, and from 1876 she was the training ship "Mount Edgcumbe". She was sold in 1921. Although ordered in 1816 and laid down in 1818, "Winchester" was not launched until 21 June 1822,

Winchester measure

the original bushel is lost, a standard bushel, gallon and quart made of bronze, issued in 1497 and stamped with the mark of Henry VII are still held. Winchester measure Winchester measure is a set of legal standards of volume instituted in the late 15th century (1495) by King Henry VII of England and in use, with some modifications, until the present day. It consists of the Winchester bushel and its dependent quantities, the peck, (dry) gallon and (dry) quart. They would later become known as the Winchester Standards, named because the examples were kept in the city of Winchester.

Pint

a limited extent in Commonwealth nations. In the United States, two pints are used: a liquid pint (≈ 473 ml) and a less-common dry pint (≈ 551 ml). Each of these pints is one-eighth of its respective gallon, but the gallons differ. This difference dates back to 1824, when the British Weights and Measures Act standardised various liquid measures throughout the British Empire, while the United States continued to use the earlier English measure. The imperial pint consists of 20 imperial fluid ounces and the US liquid pint is 16 US fluid ounces, making the imperial fluid ounce about 4%

Pint

in two sizes, colloquially known as "quarts" and "pints". They were 22 and 12 imperial ounces (625 and 341 ml), respectively, which were much smaller than the British units. Some provinces banned the sale of beer in the larger bottle. For example, in Ontario in the 1950s only the smaller size could be sold, but in Quebec both sizes were about equally common. The numerous incompatibilities between traditional Canadian, British, French, and American unit systems was one of the driving forces behind metrication in Canada. Draft beer in Canada, when advertised as a "pint", is legally required to be 568

Pint glass

present, the capacity line. There are no legally prescribed sizes for beer volumes, but the stated capacities, which are a legal requirement, must be formally tested by the hotelliers and breweries. In Canada, Federal law mandates a standard imperial pint. However, this law is rarely enforced, and establishments typically sell US pints or other measures as "pints." The Republic of Ireland uses the imperial 20 fl oz pint measure (≈568 ml), where legal metrology marks are used to show that a glass has passed inspection by the National Standards Authority of Ireland, a state-run body which enforces a number of

Boston round (bottle)

relation whatsoever to any other units called "Winchester". In the 20th century, the Winchester Quart was metricated to two and a half litres. A "Boston round" has a cylindrical shape without a handle and a short curved shoulder. It is threaded for closing with a screw cap. Boston round (bottle) A Boston round bottle, or Winchester bottle, is a strong and heavy bottle commonly used in the drug and chemical industries. It is often made of amber (brown) glass (to filter out UV light) but can also be made of plastics. The "Winchester quart" bottle first appeared in the UK

Winchester Model 121

Winchester Model 121 The Winchester Model 121 is a single-shot bolt-action .22 caliber rimfire rifle that was produced from 1967 to 1973 by the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. The 121 can fire .22 Short, .22 Long, or .22 Long Rifle cartridges from its 20¾" barrel. The barrel rifling is 1 turn in 16 inches with a right-hand twist. The bolt is a controlled-round feed design (like that of the Winchester Model 70) and utilizes dual locking lugs on the front. The rifle also has an automatic safety that is engaged each time the bolt is cycled, so any time a

Pint glass

standard rulings. Starting in 2006, the NSAI "pint" mark, a circle featuring two wavy lines, between which "PINT" is written, with a year mark (last two digits), and a three digit batch code either side; has begun to be phased out with a European standard "PINT"/CE logo stamp . Smaller Pint glasses have been used in pubs and nightclubs though. In Israel, although officially defined as 568ml, pubs use the term rather arbitrarily and the "pints" served constitute a wide range of volumes (360ml–440ml). In the past, the custom was to serve beer in 330ml or 500ml in the original


Question: 'Wilson, the Wonder Athlete' who was still breaking world records at the age of 128, first appeared in 1933 in which boy's comic?

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Wilson the Wonder Athlete

Wilson the Wonder Athlete Wilson the Wonder Athlete was a British comic strip, first published in 1943 in the British illustrated story paper "The Wizard" published by D. C. Thomson & Co.. It follows the sporting adventures of a heroic character named William Wilson. The stories were written by Gilbert Lawford Dalton and drawn by Jack Glass. The stories ran until 1984 in various British magazines. The character first appeared in issue 1029 "Wizard" (24 July 1943) in a story titled "The Truth About Wilson". The first adventure introduced Wilson as a supreme athlete, who joins a race from out

Wilson the Wonder Athlete

leotard on stage during the 1970s as a tribute to Wilson. Wilson the Wonder Athlete Wilson the Wonder Athlete was a British comic strip, first published in 1943 in the British illustrated story paper "The Wizard" published by D. C. Thomson & Co.. It follows the sporting adventures of a heroic character named William Wilson. The stories were written by Gilbert Lawford Dalton and drawn by Jack Glass. The stories ran until 1984 in various British magazines. The character first appeared in issue 1029 "Wizard" (24 July 1943) in a story titled "The Truth About Wilson". The first adventure introduced

Wilson the Wonder Athlete

manor". He was sufficiently old that when writing, he used an "f" instead of an "s". His farmer father died in middle age, leaving Wilson £5,000. He studied medicine and biology in a number of countries around the world and determined not to die early as so many he knew had, he worked out a health and fitness regime and learned how to slow his heart right down, using a formula created by people who could live to over 200. He developed his will power and hardened his body by whole winters spent in the open. Squadron leader W. Wilson

Wilson the Wonder Athlete

wartime morale booster", while "The Telegraph" remembers him as a "focused and intense individual ... [with no] recorded instance of him smiling or cracking a joke." In 2004 artist John Reynolds acquired the licence to reproduce images of Wilson as large screen-print canvases. Former "Guinness Book of Records" deputy editor and athletics statistician, Ian Smith, cites the character as an inspiration, and he inspired many British athletes in their careers as well as Belgian cyclist Eddy Merckx. The character is still used in newspaper reports on sport as a cultural reference point. Comedian and actor Billy Connolly wore a black

Wilson the Wonder Athlete

of the crowd and manages to record a three-minute mile. The character's adventures were written by Gilbert Lawford Dalton using the pen name W S K Webb, and a book, "The Truth About Wilson" collected a number of the text stories in the 1960s. Thought by Paul Gravett to be the prototype of the "astonishing sporting prodigies" who became popular in British comics, (cf. Alf Tupper, Roy of the Rovers), Gravett describes him as an "unassuming totally dedicated loner, [wanting] no glory or publicity". Although his stories were initially told in prose, a move to the comic papers "The Hornet"

Superman

Superman

Superman is a superhero who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, and debuted in the comic book "Action Comics" #1 (cover-dated June 1938 and published April 18, 1938). Superman has been adapted to a number of other media, including radio serials, novels, films, television shows, theater productions, and video games.

Superman was born on the fictional planet Krypton and was named Kal-El. When he was a baby, his parents sent him to Earth in a small spaceship moments before Krypton was destroyed in a natural cataclysm. His ship landed in the American countryside, near the fictional town of Smallville. He was found and adopted by farmers Jonathan and Martha Kent, who named him Clark Kent. Clark developed various superhuman abilities, such as incredible strength and impervious skin. His adoptive parents advised him to use his abilities for the benefit of humanity, and he decided to fight crime. To protect his personal life, he changes into a colorful costume and uses the alias "Superman" when fighting crime. Clark resides in the fictional American city of Metropolis, where he works as a journalist for the "Daily Planet". Superman's supporting characters include his love interest and fellow journalist Lois Lane, "Daily Planet" photographer Jimmy Olsen and editor-in-chief Perry White, and enemies such as Brainiac, Darkseid, General Zod, and his archenemy Lex Luthor.

Superman is the archetype of the superhero: he wears an outlandish costume, uses a codename, and fights evil with the aid of extraordinary abilities. Although there are earlier characters who arguably fit this definition, it was Superman who popularized the superhero genre and established its conventions. He was the best-selling superhero in American comic books until the 1980s.

Willie Nelson

John Wayne

John Wayne

Marion Robert Morrison (May 26, 1907 – June 11, 1979), known professionally as John Wayne and nicknamed The Duke or Duke Wayne, was an American actor who became a popular icon through his starring roles in films made during Hollywood's Golden Age, especially in Western and war movies. His career flourished from the silent era of the 1920s through the American New Wave, as he appeared in a total of 179 film and television productions. He was among the top box-office draws for three decades, and he appeared with many other important Hollywood stars of his era. In 1999, the American Film Institute selected Wayne as one of the greatest male stars of classic American cinema.

Wayne was born in Winterset, Iowa, but grew up in Southern California. After losing his football scholarship to the University of Southern California from a bodysurfing accident, he began working for the Fox Film Corporation. He appeared mostly in small parts, but his first leading role came in Raoul Walsh's Western "The Big Trail" (1930), an early widescreen film epic that was a box-office failure. He played leading roles in numerous during the 1930s, most of them also Westerns, without becoming a major name. John Ford's "Stagecoach" (1939) made Wayne a mainstream star, and he starred in 142 motion pictures altogether. According to one biographer, "John Wayne personified for millions the nation's frontier heritage."

Wayne's other roles in Westerns include a cattleman driving his herd on the Chisholm Trail in "Red River" (1948), a Civil War veteran whose niece is abducted by a tribe of Comanches in "The Searchers" (1956), a troubled rancher competing with a lawyer (James Stewart) for a woman's hand in "The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance" (1962), and a cantankerous one-eyed marshal in "True Grit" (1969), for which he received the Academy Award for Best Actor. He is also remembered for his roles in "The Quiet Man" (1952) with Maureen O'Hara, "Rio Bravo" (1959) with Dean Martin, and "The Longest Day" (1962). In his final screen performance, he starred as an aging gunfighter battling cancer in "The Shootist" (1976). He made his last public appearance at the Academy Awards ceremony on April 9, 1979, and died of stomach cancer two months later. He was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor of the United States.

Charles Lindbergh

Wendell Willkie

Wilson the Wonder Athlete

and "Hotspur" saw the character depicted in comic strip form. The character was later revived for D.C. Thomson's "Spike" comic of 1983 to 1984, initially within a comic strip with art by Neville Wilson. Referred to as The Man in Black, the character was revealed to be Wilson in the course of the story, with reprints of the older material published within the comic as Wilson's diaries. William Wilson was born in the village of Stayling in Yorkshire and claimed to be born on 1 November 1795. However a document dated 11 March 1774 listed him as "clerk to the

Montgomery Wilson

Montgomery Wilson William Stewart Montgomery "Bud" Wilson (August 20, 1909 – November 15, 1964) was a Canadian figure skater. Competing in singles, he became the 1932 Olympic bronze medalist, the 1932 World silver medalist, a six-time North American champion, and a nine-time Canadian national champion. Wilson was born in Toronto in 1909. During World War II, he was a Major in the army artillery, earning the Bronze Star. He died in 1964 at the age of 55 from throat cancer. Wilson first entered the Canadian Championships in 1924 at the age of 13 and placed second. He would win nine

Wilson the Wonder Athlete

D.S.O., D.F.C. and bar, who had 25 victories to his name, was shot down during the Second World War and was officially listed as missing. The character is depicted within stories as performing a number of improbable events. Wilson was seen in one strip becoming the first man to climb Everest, and another saw him captaining an England cricket team to The Ashes in Australia. Originally hailing from Yorkshire, and living in a cave on a diet of nuts and berries, Wilson exemplified British grit and the stiff upper lip. According to "The Guardian" he "was hailed as a welcome

John Whittemore

John Whittemore John Whittemore (November 20, 1899 – April 13, 2005) was an American centenarian from Montecito, California, who was previously credited as being the "world's oldest athlete". A long time Masters Track athlete, his last competition was on October 5, 2004, just six weeks before his 105th birthday. He threw the javelin and discus on that occasion. Whittemore said of his unique position in the athletic world "If I don't drop it on my foot, I set a world record." Had he competed after his birthday it would have necessitated a new age division in a sport divided by

Paul Wilson (pole vaulter)

in their March 16 edition and awarded him an "Award of Merit" for setting the interscholastic age record. He broke the age record by becoming the first 16-year-old to clear 16 feet. A year later, in 1965, as a senior, he won CIF Southern Section and CIF California State Meet titles and had achieved an age best in the pole vault of . On 20 March 1965, he vaulted 16-6 3/4 at the Southern Counties meet as a Senior. At the CIF Southern Section Track Championships, held on 28 May 1965 at Cerritos College, Wilson won with a height of

Eileen Hiscock

H Wilson in 1936. Eileen Hiscock Eileen May Hiscock, later Wilson, (25 August 1909 – 3 September 1958) was an English track and field athlete who competed for Great Britain in the 1932 Summer Olympics and in the 1936 Summer Olympics. She was born in Blackheath, London. At the 1930 Women's World Games in Prague she was a member, along with Ethel Scott, Ivy Walker and Daisy Ridgley, of the British 4×100 metre relay team which won the silver medal. In the 1934 World Women's Games, she won the bronze medals in the 100 metres and 200 metres contests. In

Donald Pellmann

at work during World War II. Other than occasional bowling, softball and golf, he was not involved in athletics for 58 years. Meanwhile, he watched his more athletic friends from the football team have failing ankles, knees and hearts. Pellmann never had those kinds of ailments. On September 20, 2015, Pellmann set five world records at the San Diego Senior Games. Competing in the 100 and older category, he ran the 100-meter dash in 26.99 seconds, beating the previous age-group world record held by Japan's Hidekichi Miyazaki by 2.84 seconds. Pellmann became the first centenarian to clear an official height

John Whittemore

spent several decades competing for the Club West Track Club, which named an annual award for him. John Whittemore John Whittemore (November 20, 1899 – April 13, 2005) was an American centenarian from Montecito, California, who was previously credited as being the "world's oldest athlete". A long time Masters Track athlete, his last competition was on October 5, 2004, just six weeks before his 105th birthday. He threw the javelin and discus on that occasion. Whittemore said of his unique position in the athletic world "If I don't drop it on my foot, I set a world record." Had he

Montgomery Wilson

the following skaters: Wilson was inducted into the World Figure Skating Museum and Hall of Fame (1976), Skate Canada Hall of Fame (1990), Professional Skaters Association Coaches Hall of Fame (2003), and Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame (2007). Montgomery Wilson William Stewart Montgomery "Bud" Wilson (August 20, 1909 – November 15, 1964) was a Canadian figure skater. Competing in singles, he became the 1932 Olympic bronze medalist, the 1932 World silver medalist, a six-time North American champion, and a nine-time Canadian national champion. Wilson was born in Toronto in 1909. During World War II, he was a Major in the

James Wilson (athlete)

running. He resumed competing in 1923, when he joined Surrey Athletic Club, but never regained his past shape and retired for good in 1925. Wilson was married to Annie Williams. He died from a bowel cancer aged 81–82. James Wilson (athlete) James Wilson (2 October 1891 – 1973) was a Scottish long-distance runner who specialised in the 10,000 metres. He competed for Great Britain at the 1920 Summer Olympics and won a bronze medal in the 10,000 metres, five seconds behind Paavo Nurmi; Wilson beat Nurmi by some 5 seconds in the heats. He finished fourth in the individual 8,000

Eric Wilson (athlete)

place had he run that time in the finals. The 400-meter competition at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris (won by Eric Liddell) was later depicted in the Academy Award-winning film "Chariots of Fire." In 1923, Wilson became the University of Iowa's first sports information director, a position he held for 45 years until his retirement in 1968. He died in Iowa City, Iowa in 1985 at age 84. In 2006, Wilson was posthumously honored as part of the charter class of the University of Iowa's Kinnick Stadium Wall of Fame. Eric Wilson (athlete) Eric Colquhoun Wilson (October 8, 1900

Eric Wilson (athlete)

Eric Wilson (athlete) Eric Colquhoun Wilson (October 8, 1900 - July 2, 1985) was an American track and field athlete. He won the first NCAA championship in the 220-yard dash in 1921 and competed for the United States in the 1924 Summer Olympics. He was the sports information director at the University of Iowa from 1923 to 1968. Wilson was born in Iowa City, Iowa in 1900. He was the son of a professor at the University of Iowa. He enrolled at the University of Iowa and became one of the most accomplished athletes in the school's history. Wilson was

Paul Wilson (pole vaulter)

not applicable Paul Wilson (pole vaulter) Paul Wilson (born July 30, 1947) is an American athlete specializing in the pole vault. He was the world record holder in the event. The first vaulter to clear his age in feet. In 1967 he was the number-one ranked pole vaulter in the world, but his career was cut short by injury. Wilson was an outstanding high-school pole vaulter. As a student of Warren High School (Downey, California), he was coached by John Mitchell. In 1964 as a junior, Wilson came to the attention of "Sports Illustrated" magazine. "SI" published his "whizzer of

John Whittemore

celebrating her 104th birthday in August 2013, however she died in March 2014. Everett Hosack, who Jay Leno announced as the "world's oldest athlete" at the time, famously participated in the Penn Relays and USATF National Indoor Championships at age 101. On June 28, 2015, Stanisław Kowalski became the first athlete to compete in the M105 category. Whittemore attended Santa Barbara High School, where he was a long and triple jumper, and graduated in 1917. He often described riding to high school on horseback. Later he attended Stanford University, where he played baseball and was an outstanding tennis player. He

Paul Wilson (pole vaulter)

Paul Wilson (pole vaulter) Paul Wilson (born July 30, 1947) is an American athlete specializing in the pole vault. He was the world record holder in the event. The first vaulter to clear his age in feet. In 1967 he was the number-one ranked pole vaulter in the world, but his career was cut short by injury. Wilson was an outstanding high-school pole vaulter. As a student of Warren High School (Downey, California), he was coached by John Mitchell. In 1964 as a junior, Wilson came to the attention of "Sports Illustrated" magazine. "SI" published his "whizzer of 15 feet"


Question: Who is the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills?

john vincent cable
VINCE CABLE
vincent cable mp
Vincent Cable
Vince Cable
Vincent Cable MP
vince cable
John Vincent Cable
vincent cable

Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills The Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills was a Cabinet minister in the United Kingdom, heading the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS). The post was created on 28 June 2007 from parts of the Department for Education and Skills (DfES) and the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). It was merged with the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR) on 5 June 2009, to form the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. The first and only Secretary of State was John Denham. The Secretary was responsible

for expanding high-end graduate skills and raising the skills of the wider adult workforce. The Department took over responsibility from the Department of Trade and Industry for making Britain "one of the best places in the world for science, research and innovation". It was also responsible for the "development, funding and performance" of higher and further education. Colour key (for political parties): Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills The Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills was a Cabinet minister in the United Kingdom, heading the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS). The post was created

Secretary of State for Education

for Education and Skills (DfES). In 2007 under Gordon Brown's new premiership, the DfES was split into two new departments; the Department for Children, Schools and Families, and a Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills, under two new secretaries of state. The ministerial office of the Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills was, in late 2009, amalgamated into the new ministerial office of the resurgent politician Peter Mandelson, made a peer and given the title Lord Mandelson as the newly created Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills – itself an amalgamation of the responsibilities of the

responsibility. In his first cabinet of 2007, he called the post Secretary of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform. In this change, the Better Regulation Executive was added to the department but the Office of Science and Innovation was lost. In 2008, the title remained the same but responsibility for energy was lost. In 2009, the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills was merged into the existing department and the post became Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills. In July 2016, Prime Minister Theresa May decided to merge the Department for Energy and Climate Change into this

David Willetts

Following Cameron's win, Willetts was appointed Shadow Secretary of State for Education and Skills in Cameron's first Shadow Cabinet in December 2005, the role Cameron had vacated, and later becoming Shadow Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills. His title became Shadow Minister for Universities and Skills since Gordon Brown's merger of the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills with the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform into the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills in June 2009. On 19 May 2007, Willetts made a controversial speech on grammar schools in which he defended the existing Conservative Party

Department for Business, Innovation and Skills

The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) was a ministerial department of the United Kingdom Government created on 5 June 2009 by the merger of the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS) and the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR). It was disbanded on the creation of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy on 14 July 2016.

R (Tigere) v Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills ...

Shadow Secretary of State for Business and Trade

Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy

The Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) is a department of His Majesty's Government. The department was formed during a machinery of government change on 14 July 2016, following Theresa May's appointment as Prime Minister, through a merger between the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) and the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC).

Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy ("DEBEIS"), or informally Business Secretary, is a cabinet position in the United Kingdom government. The office is responsible for the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (formerly the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills and previous to that the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform. The secretary of state was, until July 2016, also President of the Board of Trade when that position was transferred to the newly created post of Secretary of State for International Trade.

2006 British cabinet reshuffle

Exclusion". She also filled the traditional sinecure office of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster which had been vacant since John Hutton was promoted to replace David Blunkett as Secretary of State for Work and Pensions in November 2005. Alan Johnson, formerly Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, became the new Secretary of State for Education and Skills. He replaced Ruth Kelly, who moved to the new office of Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government. Ruth Kelly, formerly Secretary of State for Education and Skills, became the new Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government. This

Ivan Lewis

Between June 2001 and June 2002, Lewis was the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Young People and Learning within the Department for Education and Skills and then for Adult Learning and Skills. From June 2002 to May 2005, he became Under-Secretary of State for Skills and Vocational Education in the same department. As a junior minister Lewis was responsible for the White Paper, "21st Century Skills: Realising our Potential", launched in 2003. It proposed increased support for adults seeking to gain technical and craft qualifications where regional skills shortages existed, removing the age limit for Modern Apprentices and making information

David Lammy

2003. After the 2005 general election Lammy was appointed Minister for Culture at the Department of Culture, Media and Sport. In June 2007, Lammy was appointed as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State in the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills. In October 2008, he was promoted to Minister of State and was appointed to the Privy Council. In June 2009 until June 2010 when Labour lost the election, he became Minister for Higher Education in the new Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. After Labour lost the 2010 general election a Labour Party leadership contest was announced. During the contest

Alan Duncan

and eventually joined the Shadow Cabinet after the 2005 general election. He stood for the Conservative leadership in 2005, but withdrew early on because of a lack of support. Eventual winner David Cameron appointed him Shadow Secretary of State for Trade and Industry in December 2005; the name of the department he shadowed was changed to Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform in July 2007, thereafter becoming the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills and the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. Following the 2010 general election, the new Conservative Prime Minister Cameron appointed Duncan as Minister of

Secretary of State for Education

key (for political parties): In 2007, the education portfolio was divided between the Department for Children, Schools and Families (responsible for infant, primary and secondary education), and the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (responsible for further, higher and adult education). In 2009, the latter department was merged into the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. Colour key (for political parties): The Department for Education and the post of Secretary of State for Education were recreated in 2010. Responsibility for higher and adult education remained with the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills (Vince Cable 2010–2015, Sajid Javid

and small and medium business. The current incumbent is Pat Breen. Minister of State for Employment and Small Business The Minister of State for Employment and Small Business is a junior ministerial post in the Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation of the Government of Ireland. The position previously existed from 1994 to 2011 with the title of "Minister of State for Labour Affairs", and from 2014 to 2016 as "Minister of State for Business and Employment". The position was abolished in March 2011 before its revival in the July 2014 reshuffle that saw the position mainly restored, under its

Minister for Business, Enterprise and Innovation The Minister for Business, Enterprise and Innovation () is the senior minister at the Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation in the Government of Ireland. The current Minister for Business, Enterprise and Innovation is Heather Humphreys, TD. There are two Ministers of State in the Department: The Minister heads one of the most important economic departments in the Irish Government, responsible for the implementation of policy in five key areas – Enterprise, Innovation, Growth; Quality, Work and Learning; Making Markets and Regulation work better; Quality, Value and Continuous Improvement; and the European Union. A

Secretary of State for Education

Secretaries of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform and Innovation, Universities and Skills. The Secretary of State has remit over higher education policy as well as British business and enterprise. From 14 July 2016 to January 8, 2018 the post was held by Justine Greening, as her predecessor, Nicky Morgan, was sacked by Theresa May. Greening resigned after rejecting a reshuffle to the Department for Work and Pensions. Colour key (for political parties): Colour key (for political parties): Colour key (for political parties): Colour key (for political parties): Colour key (for political parties): Colour key (for political parties): Colour

25 June 2004 taking the title Baron Young of Norwood Green, of Norwood Green in the London Borough of Ealing. In October 2008 he was appointed as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Skills and Apprenticeships in the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills, being moved to the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills when it was created in the June 2009 reshuffle, continuing as a Parliamentary Under Secretary of State, but with responsibility for Employment Relations and Postal Affairs until 11 May 2010. Anthony Young, Baron Young of Norwood Green Anthony Ian Young, Baron Young of Norwood Green (born 14

Minister of State for Employment and Small Business The Minister of State for Employment and Small Business is a junior ministerial post in the Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation of the Government of Ireland. The position previously existed from 1994 to 2011 with the title of "Minister of State for Labour Affairs", and from 2014 to 2016 as "Minister of State for Business and Employment". The position was abolished in March 2011 before its revival in the July 2014 reshuffle that saw the position mainly restored, under its current title, with additional responsibility for establishing a low pay commission

Alan Johnson

but after just a week, on 13 May, it was declared that the new title would not be used, after widespread derision of the new name, because the abbreviation for Johnson's title, Productivity, Energy and Industry Secretary, would have been "PENIS". The department's old name was kept and Johnson served as Secretary of State for Trade and Industry. On 5 May 2006, one day after the 2006 local elections, his brief was changed to that of Secretary of State for Education and Skills, replacing Ruth Kelly. During his time as education secretary, Johnson brought in new ideas and proposals, including

Ed Davey

with the Taliban', a comment echoed by Malala Yousafzai four years later to the BBC. Following the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement, after the 2010 general election, Davey was appointed Parliamentary Under Secretary of State in the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills with responsibility for Employment Relations, Consumer and Postal Affairs. In addition, he held responsibilities for trade as a Minister for Trade Policy. As a Parliamentary Under Secretary, Davey led the establishment of an unofficial 'like-minded group for growth' ginger group within the European Union, convening several economically liberal European governments behind an agenda of deregulation, free

Anna Soubry

kits. Soubry was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Defence in David Cameron's October 2013 reshuffle, becoming the first elected female politician to be a Minister in the MoD. In the July 2014 reshuffle, Soubry was appointed Minister of State for Defence Personnel, Welfare and Veterans. Following the 2015 general election, Soubry became Minister of State at the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills until 15 July 2016. Her partner, Neil Davidson is a director at Morrisons leading her opponents to note a potential conflict of interest when she introduced new Sunday trading laws. Soubry is a strong supporter of

Ian Lucas

government whip. He then entered Government as a minister for the first time in the June 2009 reshuffle, becoming Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Business and Regulatory Reform in the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, and held that post until the Labour government left office in May 2010. He was the Shadow Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Business and Regulatory Reform in the Official Opposition frontbench under Ed Miliband, and was the shadow minister for the Middle East and Africa. Ian Lucas Ian Colin Lucas (born 18 September 1960) is a British Labour Party politician, who has


Question: Who is the current Wimbledon Ladies Singles champion?

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2014 Wimbledon Championships

defending champion in the men's singles, but lost to Grigor Dimitrov in the quarterfinals. Marion Bartoli was the reigning champion in the women's singles; however, her retirement from the sport following her victory meant that she did not return to defend her title. As a result, the opening Ladies' Singles match on Centre Court on the second day of the tournament – which is traditionally played by the defending champion – was played by Bartoli's opponent in the 2013 final, runner-up Sabine Lisicki. The men and women's singles titles were won by Novak Djokovic and Petra Kvitová respectively. Both players

2014 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Marion Bartoli was the reigning champion, but retired from professional tennis in August 2013. 2011 champion Petra Kvitová defeated Eugenie Bouchard in the final in straight sets, 6–3, 6–0 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships. The final lasted only 55 minutes, the fifth-shortest women's singles final in Wimbledon history in terms of time elapsed. Bouchard had not lost a set prior to the final and was the betting favorite to win. Like the previous major, the 2014 Wimbledon Championships was marked by two big upsets. The top two

2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but she was defeated in the fourth round by 2007 finalist, Marion Bartoli. Petra Kvitová defeated 2004 champion Maria Sharapova in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first Grand Slam final and title of her career. She became the first Czech woman to win the title since Jana Novotná in 1998 and the first female left-handed player to win Wimbledon since Martina Navratilova in 1990. For the first time since 1913, all eight quarterfinalists

2013 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion, but lost to Sabine Lisicki in the fourth round, ending a 34-match winning streak dating back to the Miami Open. This was the fourth time in a row that Lisicki had defeated the reigning French Open champion at Wimbledon, comprising wins over Svetlana Kuznetsova in 2009, Li Na in 2011, Maria Sharapova in 2012, and Williams in 2013 (Lisicki did not play Wimbledon in 2010). 2007 finalist Marion Bartoli defeated Lisicki in the final in straight sets, 6–1, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the

2012 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Serena Williams. Serena Williams defeated Agnieszka Radwańska in the final, 6–1, 5–7, 6–2 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships. Yaroslava Shvedova became the first player in the Open Era to win a 'golden set' at Wimbledon, winning the first set of her 6–0, 6–4 victory over 2012 French Open runner-up Sara Errani in the third round without dropping a single point. Sabine Lisicki defeated the reigning French Open champion for her third straight Wimbledon. She defeated

List of Wimbledon ladies' singles champions

Wimbledon Championships, is an annual tennis tournament first contested in 1877 and played on outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club (AELTC) in the Wimbledon suburb of London, United Kingdom. The ladies' singles was started in 1884.

2022 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles

Elena Rybakina defeated Ons Jabeur in the final, 3–6, 6–2, 6–2 to win the ladies' singles tennis title at the 2022 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first major singles title. Rybakina became the first Kazakhstani to win a major title, and the third player representing an Asian nation to win a major title after Li Na and Naomi Osaka. She also became the first Kazakhstani to progress past the quarterfinals of a major. Rybakina was the first player to win from a set down in the final since Amélie Mauresmo in 2006.

Ashleigh Barty was the reigning champion, but retired from professional tennis in March 2022.

Jabeur became the first Arab to reach a major singles final, the first African woman to do so in the Open Era, and the first African woman to do so not representing South Africa. This marked the first time since 2009 that both finalists represented non-European nations.

World No. 1 Iga Świątek's win streak of 37 matches (dating to Qatar in February) ended when she was defeated by Alizé Cornet in the third round. It was only the fourth loss of her season, and her 37-match winning streak is the longest of the 21st century, and tied for 12th-longest in the Open Era.

For the second time in her career, Cornet defeated the incumbent world No. 1 in the third round at Wimbledon; she had defeated then-five-time champion Serena Williams at that stage in 2014. Williams received a wild card to play in the tournament, making her comeback to the sport after a year due to a right hamstring injury sustained the previous year, and this would be Williams's final appearance at the tournament. She competed for an all-time record-equaling 24th major singles title, but was defeated in the first round by Harmony Tan. Williams later announced her retirement from professional tennis at the US Open.

This is the first edition of Wimbledon to feature a champions tie-break, a 10-point tie-break when the score reaches six games all in the third set, and the third edition to feature a final set tie-break rule. The first women's singles main draw match of the tournament to feature the ten-point tie break was the first round match between Caroline Garcia and Yuriko Miyazaki, with Garcia emerging victorious.

2023 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles

Wimbledon Championships

Wimbledon Championships

The Wimbledon Championships, commonly known simply as Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world and is widely regarded as the most prestigious. It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London, since 1877 and is played on outdoor grass courts, with retractable roofs over the two main courts since 2019.

Wimbledon is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, the others being the Australian Open, the French Open, and the US Open. Wimbledon is the only major still played on grass, the traditional tennis playing surface. Also, it is the only Grand Slam that retains a night-time curfew, though matches can now continue until 11.00 pm under the lights.

The tournament traditionally takes place over two weeks in late June and early July, starting on the last Monday in June and culminating with the Ladies' and Gentlemen's Singles Finals, scheduled for the Saturday and Sunday at the end of the second week. Five major events are held each year, with additional junior and invitational competitions also taking place. In 2009, Wimbledon's Centre Court was fitted with a retractable roof to lessen the loss of playing time due to rain. A roof was operational over No. 1 Court from 2019, when a number of other improvements were made, including adding cushioned seating, a table and 10 independently operable cameras per court to capture the games.

Wimbledon traditions include a strict all-white dress code for competitors, and royal patronage. Strawberries and cream are traditionally consumed at the tournament. Unlike other tournaments, advertising is minimal and low key from official suppliers such as Slazenger and Rolex.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 Wimbledon was cancelled, the first cancellation of the tournament since World War II. The rescheduled 134th edition was staged from 28 June 2021 to 11 July 2021, following from the 2020 cancellation. The 135th edition was played between 27 June 2022 and 10 July 2022, and regularly scheduled play occurred on the middle Sunday for the first time. It marks the centenary of the inaugural championships staged at the Centre Court. The ATP, ITF, and WTA did not award ranking points for the 2022 tournament, due to controversy over the tournament excluding players representing Russia and Belarus.

The 2023 Wimbledon Championships will be the 136th staging and will run from 3 July 2023 to 16 July 2023 and it will be the first to be held since the death of the former patron, Queen Elizabeth II on 8 September 2022.

List of Wimbledon gentlemen's singles champions

Wimbledon Championships is an annual British tennis tournament created in 1877 and played on outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club (AELTC) in the Wimbledon suburb of London, United Kingdom. The Gentlemen's Singles was the first event contested in 1877.

2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but was defeated by Jelena Janković in the third round. Serena Williams won her sixth Wimbledon and 21st major title, becoming the oldest woman to win a major singles title in the Open Era. By defeating first-time finalist Garbiñe Muguruza, Serena also achieved her second non-calendar year Grand Slam after winning the 2014 US Open, 2015 Australian Open and 2015 French Open and she also became the first player since Steffi Graf in 1988 to win Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon all in the same calendar year.

2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Amélie Mauresmo was the defending champion, but was defeated by Nicole Vaidišová in the fourth round. Venus Williams defeated Marion Bartoli in the final, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships. Williams, ranked 31st at the time and seeded 23rd, remains the lowest ranked and lowest seeded woman ever to win Wimbledon. This was Williams' fourth Wimbledon singles title and she also became the first female champion to earn the same prize money as the male champion, following the tournament's decision to award equal pay for the

2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion and successfully defended her title, defeating Angelique Kerber in the final, 7–5, 6–3. By winning her seventh Wimbledon title, Williams equaled Steffi Graf's Open Era record of 22 major singles titles. This was also the first time two women contested two major finals against one another in a single season since Amélie Mauresmo and Justine Henin-Hardenne met in the 2006 Australian Open and Wimbledon finals. The two faced each other again in the final two years later, with Kerber winning the title in straight sets. In addition to

illness. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Chris O'Neil. 1977 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Chris Evert was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Virginia Wade. Wade defeated Betty Stöve in the final, 4–6, 6–3, 6–1 in the final to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1977 Wimbledon Championships. As of 2017 Wade remains the last British woman to win a Wimbledon singles title. This was the first time Wimbledon seeded more than 8 players for the ladies' championship, increasing the number (for this year only) to twelve players. The number increased

at age 47, the oldest player in the Open Era to win a main draw match at Wimbledon. Serena Williams "(Final)" 2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova defeated the two-time defending champion Serena Williams in the final, 6–1, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships. This victory was hailed by the media as "the most stunning upset in memory". Serena Williams was attempting to become the first player to win the women's singles tournament three consecutive times since Steffi Graf was champion in 1991, 1992 and 1993. With this win, Sharapova, who

Charlotte Cooper (tennis)

Agnes Morton in straight sets in the All-Comers final after a seven-year hiatus and at the age of 37. She is the oldest Wimbledon's ladies’ singles champion and her record of eight consecutive singles finals stood until 1990 when Martina Navratilova reached her ninth consecutive singles final. In addition to her singles titles, Cooper Sterry also won seven All-England mixed doubles titles; five times with Harold Mahony (1894–1898) and once with Laurence Doherty (1900) and Xenophon Casdagli (1908). In 1913 she reached the final of the first Wimbledon women's doubles event with Dorothea Douglass, 18 years after winning her first

2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but did not participate this year due to . Garbiñe Muguruza won her second Grand Slam singles title, defeating Venus Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–0. Muguruza became the second Spanish woman to win Wimbledon after Conchita Martínez in 1994. Muguruza also became the first player to defeat both Williams sisters in Grand Slam singles finals. Williams was the oldest player to reach the final since Martina Navratilova, also in 1994, and played her 100th singles match at Wimbledon when she defeated reigning French Open champion Jeļena

came from Europe. Caroline Wozniacki "(Fourth round)" 2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but she was defeated in the fourth round by 2007 finalist, Marion Bartoli. Petra Kvitová defeated 2004 champion Maria Sharapova in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first Grand Slam final and title of her career. She became the first Czech woman to win the title since Jana Novotná in 1998 and the first female left-handed player to win Wimbledon since Martina Navratilova in 1990. For the

2010 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams successfully defended her title, defeating Vera Zvonareva in the final, 6–3, 6–2 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships. She did not lose a set throughout the entire tournament. The victory meant that Serena and her sister Venus had won nine of the last eleven Wimbledon titles between them, with only 2004 and 2006 going to another player. Zvonareva reached her first ever Grand Slam final in singles competition, and became the second lowest-ranked woman to play in a Wimbledon singles final. The 2010 French Open women's

1977 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Chris Evert was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Virginia Wade. Wade defeated Betty Stöve in the final, 4–6, 6–3, 6–1 in the final to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1977 Wimbledon Championships. As of 2017 Wade remains the last British woman to win a Wimbledon singles title. This was the first time Wimbledon seeded more than 8 players for the ladies' championship, increasing the number (for this year only) to twelve players. The number increased to 16 in 1978. Chris Evert "(Semifinals)" Dianne Fromholtz withdrew due to

Tennis at the 2012 Summer Olympics

clothing was waived to allow players to wear Olympic national team clothing, and London 2012 bunting also mixed with the traditional Wimbledon green. Elena Dementieva and Rafael Nadal were the reigning champions, neither of whom defended their titles. Dementieva had retired from professional tennis in 2010, while Nadal withdrew due to tendinitis. In the women's singles tournament, Serena Williams defeated Maria Sharapova while losing only one game in the final for the gold medal and her sixth major event win at Wimbledon, having won the ladies' singles tournament at The Championships less than three weeks earlier as well as in

2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova was the defending champion, but lost to Venus Williams in the semifinals. Venus Williams defeated compatriot and world No. 1 Lindsay Davenport in the final, 4–6, 7–6, 9–7 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2005 Wimbledon Championships. It was the longest Wimbledon women's championship match in history, lasting two hours and 45 minutes. She became the first woman since Helen Wills in 1935 and the 1st in the open era to win the Wimbledon title after saving a match point against her. This was Venus's third Wimbledon singles title,

Club were petitioned by the WTA who complained about the arrangement. 1981 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Evonne Goolagong Cawley was the defending champion, but did not compete. Chris Evert Lloyd defeated Hana Mandlíková in the final, 6–2, 6–2 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1981 Wimbledon Championships. Chris Evert Lloyd (Champion) Hana Mandlíková was seeded second, higher than her then current ranking of 5th at the start of the championship, due to her victories in the previous two grand slam singles events in Australia and France. Although perfectly within their remit and rights to alter the

1994 Wimbledon Championships. 2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion and successfully defended her title, defeating Angelique Kerber in the final, 7–5, 6–3. By winning her seventh Wimbledon title, Williams equaled Steffi Graf's Open Era record of 22 major singles titles. This was also the first time two women contested two major finals against one another in a single season since Amélie Mauresmo and Justine Henin-Hardenne met in the 2006 Australian Open and Wimbledon finals. The two faced each other again in the final two years later, with Kerber winning the title in straight sets.

Smith "(Semifinals)" 1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Margaret Smith was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Billie Jean King. King defeated Maria Bueno in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1966 Wimbledon Championships. The second round match in which Gail Sherriff beat her sister Carol was the second match between sisters in the ladies' singles draw at Wimbledon, the first being in the 1884 Wimbledon Championships when Maud Watson beat Lillian. The next Wimbledon match between sisters in the singles draw was in 2000 between Serena and Venus