Question: When was the current theme for the BBC television programme Top Gear first released on an album?

one thousand, nine hundred and seventy-three

one thousand nine hundred and seventy three

Top Gear (1977 TV series)

and early 1990s, a number of competing programmes were introduced, including Channel 4's "driven", ITV's "Pulling Power", Granada's "Vroom Vroom" and BBC World's "India's Wheels". Some of the presenters on "Driven" would go on to present "Top Gear". The show's opening theme music from the very first programme in 1977 was the Allman Brothers Band instrumental "Jessica" from the album "Brothers and Sisters" (1973), although remixed versions were used after 1999. For much of the series' lifespan, Elton John's instrumental "Out of the Blue" from the album "Blue Moves" (1976) played over the closing credits. The opening and closing titles

Top Gear (1977 TV series)

music were suggested to executive producer Derek Smith by his son Graham, who had the two albums at home. He played the tracks to his father and was asked to write down the details, so they could be sourced from the record library in the BBC. Tiff Needell was the longest serving presenter, for fourteen years. He would later present "Fifth Gear", while Jeremy Clarkson and Andy Wilman would launch the 2002 reboot. Each year, "Top Gear" announced its Car of the Year. Winners have included: Note: The BMW Z3 M Coupé was voted "Driver's Car of the Year", and

Top Gear (radio show)

retaining the emphasis on new music. In 1971, the programme merged with the "Sounds of the Seventies" strand, broadcast on FM. It was still introduced by Peel, and moved from its weekend slot to two evenings a week. It ended when the BBC, facing a serious financial crisis, was forced to make cutbacks in the Radio One schedules; most of the evening programmes of "progressive music" were scrapped. The final "Top Gear" show was broadcast on 25 September 1975; it was composed mostly of sessions by artists who had become famous after appearing on "Top Gear", ranging from T.Rex, Pink

Top Gear (2002 TV series)

on the programme. From the twelfth series, feature-length specials were created for the show, each visiting a different part of the world for a road trip using second-hand cars, with a number produced to be aired as a Christmas special. Despite growing popularity, an interview made with the "Radio Times" by Wilman revealed that future programmes would have less time devoted to big challenges, stating the following: "We've looked back at the last two or three runs and noticed that a programme can get swallowed up by one monster film – a bit like one of those Yes albums from

Eric Spear

obtaining the sound that he wanted. For most of the programme's 50-year run since 1960, the theme tune has only been modified by converting it to stereo. Since 31 May 2010, a new version has replaced the original arrangement coinciding with the programme's shift to HDTV with new opening titles. The new version has been criticised by many viewers as lacking the atmospheric quality of the original. The commercial break 'motif' to the 'End of Part 1' card was also replaced by a newer, less substantial version. The new version of the theme also differs by being less strident than

Top Gear (1977 TV series)

Top Gear (1977 TV series)

Top Gear was a British motoring magazine programme created by the BBC and aired on BBC Two between 22 April 1977 and 17 December 2001. The programme focused on a range of motoring topics, the most common being car reviews, road safety and consumer advice. Originally presented by Angela Rippon and Tom Coyne, the show saw a range of different presenters and reporters front the programme's half-hourly slots, including Noel Edmonds, Jeremy Clarkson, Tiff Needell, William Woollard and Quentin Willson. The programme proved popular during the late 80s and early 90s, and launched a number of spin-offs, including its own magazine entitled "Top Gear Magazine".

By 1999, viewing figures in "Top Gear" had declined after the departure of notable presenters, leading to the BBC cancelling the programme in 2001. While a number of presenters and production staff moved over to Channel 5 to produce a new motoring programme, Clarkson and fellow presenter Andy Wilman convinced the BBC to revive the programme under a revamped format, relaunching it a year later in October 2002.

Top Gear (2002 TV series)

Top of the Pops

Top of the Pops

Top of the Pops (TOTP) is a British music chart television programme, made by the BBC and originally broadcast weekly between 1January 1964 and 30 July 2006. The programme was the world's longest-running weekly music show. For most of its history, it was broadcast on Thursday evenings on BBC One. Each show consisted of performances of some of the week's best-selling popular music records, usually excluding any tracks moving down the chart, including a rundown of that week's singles chart. This was originally the Top 20, though this varied throughout the show's history. The Top 30 was used from 1969, and the Top 40 from 1984.
Dusty Springfield's "I Only Want to Be with You" was the first song featured on "TOTP", while the Rolling Stones were the first band to perform, with "I Wanna Be Your Man". Snow Patrol were the last act to play live on the weekly show when they performed their single "Chasing Cars". Special editions were broadcast on Christmas Day (and usually, until 1984, a second edition a few days after Christmas), featuring some of the best-selling singles of the year and the Christmas number one. Although the weekly show was cancelled in 2006, the Christmas special continued annually. End-of-year round-up editions have also been broadcast on BBC1 on or around New Year's Eve, albeit largely featuring the same acts and tracks as the Christmas Day shows. In a change of format, the festive specials did not return in 2022 and were replaced by an end-of-year review show on BBC Two. It also survives as "Top of the Pops 2", which began in 1994 and features vintage performances from the "Top of the Pops" archives. Though "TOTP2" ceased producing new episodes since 2017, repeats of older episodes are still shown.

The Official Charts Company states that "performing on the show was considered an honour, and it pulled in just about every major player". The show has seen seminal performances over its history. The March 1971 appearance of T. Rex frontman Marc Bolan wearing glitter and satins as he performed "Hot Love" is often seen as the inception of glam rock, and David Bowie's performance of "Starman" inspired future musicians. In the 1990s, the show's format was sold to several foreign broadcasters in the form of a franchise package, and at one point various versions of the show were shown in more than 120 countries.

Jessica (instrumental)

Jessica (instrumental)

"Jessica" is an instrumental piece by American rock band the Allman Brothers Band, released in December 1973 as the second single from the group's fourth studio album, "Brothers and Sisters" (1973). Written by guitarist Dickey Betts, the song is a tribute to Gypsy jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt, in that it was designed to be played using only two fingers on the left hand.

Betts wrote the majority of "Jessica" at the band's farm in Juliette, Georgia. He named it after his daughter, Jessica Betts, who was an infant when it was released. She had bounced along to the song's rhythm, and Betts attempted to capture her attitude with its melody. He invited fellow guitarist Les Dudek over to collaborate on it, and Dudek performed the bridge. The arrangement was crafted prior to recording, which took place at Capricorn Sound Studios in Macon, Georgia.

Issued as a single following the immensely successful "Ramblin' Man", "Jessica" did not receive the same level of chart success. Despite this, it became a standard in rotations for classic rock radio stations in the following decades. Reviews have been widely positive. Many critics at the time called it a highlight of the album, and a 2006 "Wall Street Journal" article deemed it "a true national heirloom". It was used as the theme for the 1977 British TV series "Top Gear", as well as its current iteration relaunched in 2002.

Fifth Gear

Fifth Gear

Fifth Gear is a British motoring television magazine series on Discovery+. It is a continuation of the "Fifth Gear" format originally broadcast on Channel 5 from 2002 to 2011, afterwards moving to Discovery Channel in 2012, and then in 2015 to History. Since its return in 2018, it has been broadcast on free-to-air channel Quest. The show is currently presented by Vicki Butler-Henderson, Rory Reid, Karun Chandhok and Jason Plato with Grace Webb and engineer Jimmy de Ville also involved in reports. Its former presenters include Jonny Smith, former racing driver Tiff Needell and Car SOS host Tim Shaw. It was relaunched as an electric cars format in 2021 as Fifth Gear Recharged.

"Fifth Gear" was first broadcast on 8 April 2002 as 5th Gear, and as a continuation of the original incarnation of the BBC show "Top Gear", which was cancelled in 2001. "Top Gear" was relaunched later that year; Channel 5 originally wanted to carry on using the "Top Gear" name, but the BBC refused as it still operated the "Top Gear" magazine. Several of "Top Gear's" ex-presenters, including Quentin Willson, Tiff Needell, and Vicki Butler-Henderson, were hired by Channel 5 to present the series. The show's name was restyled as "Fifth Gear" in 2005. Needell announced the show's second cancellation on 24 May 2016. On 14 June 2018, Needell announced on his official Twitter account that he had been doing some filming work for a new series of Fifth Gear which aired in September 2018 on Quest, but by 2019 had left the show to join Lovecars.com and their ITV4 programme "On the Road".

Repeats of "Fifth Gear" also started being broadcast on UKTV channel Dave in April 2008 and later on Discovery Turbo, with early episodes of the show being streamed '24/7' via the British feed of Pluto TV in 2019.

Blockbusters (UK game show)

used from 1987 on the original ITV run (as it continued to be produced by Central). The original theme in C major was an upbeat pop track incorporating piano, strings, drum machine and various other 1980s synthesized sounds reminiscent of the day - the four-note opening motif of Beethoven's 5th Symphony is mixed into the theme at the precise moment the composer's head appears on a flipping hexagon. The BBC version in 1997 used a much different piece of music written by Henry Marsh and Paul Boross than previous, ditching the signature theme of the ITV and Sky series. It

Top Gear (2002 TV series)

the run of the series, several compilations of driving songs have been released. These releases, all double albums, were inspired by similar releases that were made available during the series' original run in the 1990s. Two exclusive compilations have been released – Australian Anthems, a compilation released in celebration of an Australian version of the series being commissioned, and Seriously Rock & Roll: NZ Edition, released in very limited quantities in the UK, which features a range of music from famous New Zealand artists. A number of DVDs have also been released, covering various specials, and series compilations. In August

Theme from Z-Cars

#5 in other charts. The original television theme was arranged and conducted by Norrie Paramor with his orchestra. A later, much more syncopated arrangement of the theme replaced the original on a later television series which was also written and conducted by Norrie Paramor. It was soon adopted by fans of the First Division football club Everton, who are based in Liverpool near where the programme supposedly took place. The theme tune is still played as the team come out onto the pitch at the beginning of all their home matches and has become synonymous with the club. They also

Blue Peter (instrumental)

on the programme in 1979 to demonstrate how modern pop music was created using multi-track recording techniques. The end result was liked enough by both the viewers and programme producers to be retained as the permanent theme, and Oldfield additionally recorded a new version of the programme's closing music, which runs for just 20 seconds and has never been commercially released. The released version of the theme is actually a further re-recording, which incorporates many subtle changes compared to the TV version, in addition to eliminating the opening snare drum roll, extending the piece to a more suitable duration for

Top of the Form (quiz show)

1975 the TV version moved to 4.10–4.35pm on Sundays, then from 3.55–4.20, with the last final on 9 August 1975. One of the producers of the TV version was Bill Wright, who would later devise "Mastermind" in the early 1970s. The tune "Marching Strings" (composition credited to "Marshall Ross", a pseudonym of Ray Martin) was the theme for many years, though for the last few series, Emerson, Lake & Palmer's recording of Aaron Copland's "Fanfare for the Common Man" was used. Earlier, Debussy's "Golliwog's Cakewalk", from his "Children's Corner" suite, had introduced the radio series. Producers have included: The series

Top Gear (radio show)

and high-speed travel, but also the use of "gear" to describe fashionable Carnaby Street clothes and the 1960s Liverpool term "fab gear", popularised by the Beatles as an expression of approval. The programme comprised a mixture of records and live sessions, was introduced by Brian Matthew, and featured many popular guests such as Jimi Hendrix, Free, The Beatles, Cream, The Who, Pink Floyd, Dusty Springfield, Led Zeppelin, The Kinks and Manfred Mann. The programme was first broadcast on 16 July 1964, produced by Bernie Andrews. The name, Top Gear, had been chosen after a national competition. The winning entry had

Top Gear of the Pops

Top Gear of the Pops Top Gear of the Pops was a one-off special programme that aired for BBC Two on 16 March 2007, as part of Red Nose Day 2007. The episode combined the elements of "Top Gear", with that of BBC music chart show "Top of the Pops", the latter of which was cancelled by the BBC in 2006. In the episode, presenters Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond and James May hosted their own version of the chart show in their studio at Dunsfold, including discussions about music-related news topics, and performed as a band for the final number

Formula One coverage on ITV

reporter role alongside Lee McKenzie. ITV's F1 coverage used four different themes throughout its lifespan, each lasting three years. The first theme was a special, untitled, track performed by Jamiroquai which lasted from 1997-1999. This theme was commissioned in February 1997 and cost £100,000 to compose. Neil Duncanson, who worked for Chryaslis Sport and was ITV-F1's producer, was a friend of frontman Jay Kay, who is a fan of Formula One. In 2000, Jamiroquai's theme was replaced by "Blackbeat" by Apollo 440 which lasted until 2002, replaced the following year by a remixed version of "You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet"

Top Gear (2002 TV series)

Top Gear (2002 TV series) Top Gear is a British motoring magazine, factual television series, conceived by Jeremy Clarkson and Andy Wilman, launched on 20 October 2002, and broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Two. The programme is a relaunched version of the original 1977 show of the same name, which looks at various motor vehicles, primarily cars. While the original format focused mainly on review of cars, the 2002 version expanded on this with motoring-based challenges, special races, timed laps of notable cars, and celebrity timed laps on a course specially-designed for the relaunched programme, with its format

Top Gear (1977 TV series)

to viewers in the Midlands region only. "Top Gear" and its title were conceived by executive producer Derek Smith. The programme covered motoring related issues, such as new car road tests, fuel economy, safety, the police, speeding, insurance, second hand cars and holiday touring. The first programme was broadcast on 22 April 1977, on BBC 1 Midlands at 10:15pm. It was presented by Angela Rippon and Tom Coyne, who was front man of the local evening news programme, Midlands Today. In the first edition, Angela Rippon drove from Shepherd's Bush in London, to the Pebble Mill studios in Birmingham, reporting

Top Gear (radio show)

been submitted by a young woman called Susan Warne, who attended the first recording and was interviewed on the programme. The guests on that first show included The Beatles, Mark Wynter and Dusty Springfield. It was revived, and evolved into a "progressive" music show, in the early years of BBC Radio 1 (from 1967 into the 1970s), with the same format of records and specially recorded sessions. It was hosted variously by Tommy Vance, Pete Drummond and, most notably, John Peel, who, with the help of sympathetic producers Bernie Andrews and John Walters, turned it into an award-winning show, while

Top Gear (2002 TV series)

the 1970s where side one is just one track – so we're trying to calm down the prog-rock side. We'll inevitably still have big films, because it's the only way you can enjoy the three of them cocking about together, but they'll be shorter overall, and alongside we'll be inserting two- or three-minute punk songs." The success of the programme soon led to a live-version format being created called "Top Gear Live"; produced by a former producer of the program, Rowland French, the touring show aimed to attempt to "bring the TV show format to life... featuring breath-taking stunts, amazing

Radio 4 UK Theme

light music tradition. The album, provisionally titled "Early One Morning: British Light Music and Broadcasting Classics", was expected to include "Country Gardens" and "Lillibullero" (the BBC World Service theme), as well as the re-recorded "UK Theme" and "Sailing By". This appears not to have come to fruition. However, the theme is available in another recording on Naxos Records' "British Light Miniatures" performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Paul Murphy. Radio 4 UK Theme The BBC Radio 4 UK Theme is an orchestral arrangement of traditional British and Irish airs compiled by Fritz Spiegl and arranged by Manfred Arlan.

Milk Tray

has been re-released on CD (EMI 7234 4 98171 2 8). Alan Hawkshaw was the pianist on the original sessions with Cliff Adams, for the advertisements. A medley of three separate arrangements of the theme, based on the authentic scores as used in the commercials from 1968 to 2010, is commercially available, performed by London Music Works, on the album "Great British TV Themes" (SILCD 1357). The entire campaign of television advertisements ranked at number 11 on ITV's "Best Ads Ever" list in 2005. The specific "Avalanche" advert ranked at number 48 in Channel 4's list of the "100 Greatest

Doctor Who

tenth series. The "Doctor Who" theme music was one of the first electronic music signature tunes for television, and after more than a half century remains one of the most easily recognised. The original theme was composed by Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, with assistance from Dick Mills and was released as a single on Decca F 11837 in 1964. The various parts were built up using musique concrète techniques, by creating tape loops of an individually struck piano string and individual test oscillators and filters. The Derbyshire arrangement served, with minor edits,


Question: How did US president William McKinley die in 1901?

Extrajudicial Executions and Assassinations

extrajudicial executions and assassinations

extrajudicial executions and assasinations

Extrajudicial Executions and Assasinations

Presidency of William McKinley

the walls of his stomach, slowly poisoning his blood. On the morning of September 13, McKinley took a turn for the worse, and at 2:15 a.m. on September 14, President McKinley died. Theodore Roosevelt had rushed back and took the oath of office as president in Buffalo. Czolgosz, put on trial for murder nine days after McKinley's death, was found guilty, sentenced to death on September 26, and executed by electric chair on October 29, 1901. Gould reports, "The nation experienced a wave of genuine grief at the news of McKinley's passing." The stock market, faced with sudden uncertainty, suffered

William McKinley

him. At 2:15 a.m. on September 14, President McKinley died. Theodore Roosevelt had rushed back to Buffalo and took the oath of office as president. Czolgosz, put on trial for murder nine days after McKinley's death, was found guilty, sentenced to death on September 26, and executed by electric chair on October 29, 1901. According to Gould, "The nation experienced a wave of genuine grief at the news of McKinley's passing." The stock market, faced with sudden uncertainty, suffered a steep decline—almost unnoticed in the mourning. The nation focused its attention on the casket that made its way by train,

Assassination of William McKinley

on Saturday, September 14, 1901, President McKinley died. At the time of McKinley's death, Roosevelt was on his return journey to Buffalo, racing over the mountain roads by carriage to the nearest railroad station, where a special train was waiting. When he reached that station at dawn, he learned of McKinley's death. An autopsy was performed later on the morning of McKinley's death; Mann led a team of 14 physicians. They found the bullet had passed through the stomach, then through the transverse colon, and vanished through the peritoneum after penetrating a corner of the left kidney. There was also

Assassination of William McKinley

Assassination of William McKinley On September 6, 1901, William McKinley, the 25th President of the United States, was shot on the grounds of the Pan-American Exposition at the Temple of Music in Buffalo, New York. He was shaking hands with the public when Leon Czolgosz, an anarchist, shot him twice in the abdomen. McKinley died eight days later on September 14 of gangrene caused by the gunshot wounds. He was the third American president to have been assassinated, following Abraham Lincoln in 1865 and James A. Garfield in 1881. McKinley had been elected for a second term in 1900. He

Assassination of William McKinley

protecting the President. In September 1901, William McKinley was at the height of his power as president. Elected in 1896, during the serious economic depression resulting from the Panic of 1893, he had defeated his Democratic rival, William Jennings Bryan. McKinley led the nation both to a return to prosperity and to victory in the Spanish–American War in 1898, taking possession of such Spanish colonies as Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Re-elected handily in a rematch against Bryan in 1900, according to historical writer Eric Rauchway, "it looked as if the McKinley Administration would continue peaceably unbroken for another four

Assassination of William McKinley

Assassination of William McKinley

William McKinley, the 25th president of the United States, was shot on the grounds of the Pan-American Exposition at the Temple of Music in Buffalo, New York, on September 6, 1901, six months into his second term. He was shaking hands with the public when anarchist Leon Czolgosz shot him twice in the abdomen. McKinley died on September 14 of gangrene caused by the wounds. He was the third American president to be assassinated, following Abraham Lincoln in 1865 and James A. Garfield in 1881.

McKinley enjoyed meeting the public and was reluctant to accept the security available to his office. Secretary to the President George B. Cortelyou feared that an assassination attempt would take place during a visit to the Temple of Music and took it off the schedule twice, but McKinley restored it each time.

Czolgosz had lost his job during the economic Panic of 1893 and turned to anarchism, a political philosophy adhered to by recent assassins of foreign leaders. He regarded McKinley as a symbol of oppression and was convinced that it was his duty as an anarchist to kill him. He was unable to get near the president during an earlier visit, but he shot him twice as McKinley reached to shake his hand in the reception line at the temple. One bullet grazed McKinley; the other entered his abdomen and was never found.

McKinley initially appeared to be recovering, but he took a turn for the worse on September 13 as his wounds became gangrenous, and he died early the next morning; he was succeeded by his vice president, Theodore Roosevelt. Czolgosz was sentenced to death in the electric chair, and Congress passed legislation to officially charge the Secret Service with the responsibility for protecting the president.

William McKinley

Theodore Roosevelt

Leon Czolgosz

Leon Czolgosz

Leon Frank Czolgosz ( , ; May 5, 1873 – October 29, 1901) was an American laborer and anarchist who assassinated President William McKinley on September 6, 1901, in Buffalo, New York. The president died on September 14 after his wound became infected. Caught in the act, Czolgosz was quickly tried, convicted, and executed by the State of New York seven weeks later on October 29, 1901.

While some American anarchists described his action as inevitable, motivated by what they saw as the country's brutal social conditions, others condemned Czolgosz for hindering the movement's goals by damaging its public perception.

List of presidents of the United States who died in office

Since the office was established in 1789, 45 persons have served as president of the United States. Of these, eight have died in office: four were assassinated, and four died of natural causes. In each of these instances, the vice president has succeeded to the presidency. This practice is presently governed by Section One of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1967, which declares that, "the Vice President shall become President" if the president is removed from office, dies, or resigns. The initial authorization for this practice was provided by of the Constitution, which states that:

The first incumbent U.S. president to die was William Henry Harrison, on April 4, 1841, only one month after Inauguration Day. He died from complications of what at the time was believed to be pneumonia. The second American president to die in office, Zachary Taylor, died on July 9, 1850, from acute gastroenteritis. Abraham Lincoln (who had just begun his second term in office) was the first U.S. president to be assassinated. He was shot by John Wilkes Booth on the night of April 14, 1865, and died the following morning. Sixteen years later, on July 2, 1881, James A. Garfield was shot by Charles J. Guiteau, surviving for over two months before dying on September 19, 1881.

Re-elected to a second term in November 1900, William McKinley died eight days after being shot by Leon Czolgosz on September 6, 1901. On April 12, 1945, Franklin D. Roosevelt (who had just begun his fourth term in office) collapsed and died as a result of a cerebral hemorrhage. The most recent U.S. president to die in office was John F. Kennedy, who was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas.

William McKinley

William McKinley William McKinley (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1897, until his assassination six months into his second term. McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish–American War, raised protective tariffs to promote American industry and kept the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of free silver (effectively, expansionary monetary policy). McKinley was the last president to have served in the American Civil War and the only one to have started the war as an enlisted soldier, beginning as a private in the

William McKinley Sr.

James S. and Mary Rose McKinley, both died in South Bend, Indiana, on August 20, 1847. McKinley Sr. was a Whig and later a Republican party member, and an "ardent advocate" for a protective tariff. McKinley kept a Bible, the works of Dante Alighieri, and Shakespeare with him consistently and used what little time of leisure was allocated from his work to read. He died in Canton, Ohio, on November 24, 1892. He was the father of the 25th President of the United States, William McKinley (born in 1843, when the family lived in Niles), along with 8 other children:

Theodore Roosevelt

far." On September 6 1901, President McKinley was attending the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York when he was shot by Leon Czolgosz. Roosevelt was vacationing in Vermont, and traveled to Buffalo to visit McKinley in the hospital. It appeared that McKinley would recover, so Roosevelt resumed his vacation in the Adirondacks. When McKinley's condition worsened, Roosevelt again traveled to Buffalo. McKinley died on September 14, and Roosevelt was informed while he was in North Creek; he continued on to Buffalo and was sworn in as the nation's 26th president at the Ansley Wilcox House. Roosevelt's accession to the presidency

William McKinley

gave way to the Republican-dominated Fourth Party System, which began with the Progressive Era. McKinley defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election in a campaign focused on imperialism, protectionism and free silver. His legacy was suddenly cut short when he was shot on September 6, 1901 by Leon Czolgosz, a second-generation Polish-American with anarchist leanings. McKinley died eight days later and was succeeded by his Vice President Theodore Roosevelt. As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment, McKinley's presidency is generally considered above average, though his highly positive public perception was soon overshadowed by Roosevelt. William McKinley Jr.

Assassination of William McKinley

frame and lack of exercise. Modern scholars generally believe that McKinley died of pancreatic necrosis, a condition that is difficult to treat today and would have been completely impossible for the doctors of his time. Czolgosz went on trial for the murder of McKinley in state court in Buffalo on September 23, 1901, nine days after the president died. Prosecution testimony took two days and consisted principally of the doctors who treated McKinley and various eyewitnesses to the shooting. Defense attorney Loran L. Lewis and his co-counsel called no witnesses, which Lewis in his closing argument attributed to Czolgosz's refusal

Assassination of William McKinley

following morning they allowed him toast, coffee, and chicken broth. His subsequent pain was diagnosed as indigestion; he was given purgatives and most doctors left after their evening consultation. In the early morning of September 13, McKinley suffered a collapse. Urgent word to return to Buffalo was sent to Vice President Roosevelt, from the nearest telegraph or telephone in the Adirondack wilderness; a park ranger was sent to find him. Specialists were summoned; although at first some doctors hoped that McKinley might survive with a weakened heart, by afternoon they knew the case was hopeless. As yet unknown to the

John Hay

principally Japanese but including 2,000 Americans, relieved the legations and sacked Peking, China was made to pay a huge indemnity but there was no cession of land. McKinley's vice president, Garret Hobart, had died in November 1899. Under the laws then in force, this made Hay next in line to the presidency should anything happen to McKinley. There was a presidential election in 1900, and McKinley was unanimously renominated at the Republican National Convention that year. He allowed the convention to make its own choice of running mate, and it selected Roosevelt, by then Governor of New York. Senator Hanna

Presidency of William McKinley

Presidency of William McKinley The presidency of William McKinley began on March 4, 1897, when William McKinley was inaugurated and ended with his death on September 14, 1901. He is best known for leading the nation to victory in the Spanish–American War, taking ownership of Hawaii, purchasing the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico, restoring prosperity, and promoting pluralism among all groups. It includes the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition, and the Gold Standard Act of 1900 that rejected free silver inflationary proposals. Rapid economic growth and a decline in labor conflict also marked

Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps

Jennings Bryan for the Presidency (1897–1901). McKinley was assassinated early in his second term while attending the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo in 1901. Theodore Roosevelt (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) was the 26th President of the United States. He served as president from September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909. In 1901, President William McKinley was assassinated, and Roosevelt became president at the age of 42, taking office at the youngest age of any US President in history at that time. Roosevelt was a hero of the Spanish–American War and the Battle of San Juan Hill for which

William McKinley

was thought too weak to attend the services in Washington or Canton, although she listened at the door to the service for her husband in her house on North Market Street. She remained in Canton for the remainder of her life, setting up a shrine in her house, and often visiting the receiving vault, until her death at age 59 on May 26, 1907. She died only months before the completion of the large marble monument to her husband in Canton, which was dedicated by President Roosevelt on September 30, 1907. William and Ida McKinley are interred there with their

William Loeb Jr.

of State John Hay announcing McKinley's death at 2:15 that morning. In the White House he served as assistant secretary to the President from 1901 to 1903, and then succeeded George B. Cortelyou as Secretary to the President in 1903 where he stayed by the President's side for the rest of Roosevelt's time in office. Loeb was a very intimate aide to Roosevelt and was one of the era's most powerful figures. As Roosevelt's principal advisor he participated in shaping policy and solving political problems. Acting as the President's public alter-ego, he unofficially became the nation's first presidential press secretary,

William McKinley

over McKinley's actions to continue indefinitely without resolution, and notes that however one judges McKinley's actions in American expansion, one of his motivations was to change the lives of Filipinos and Cubans for the better. Morgan alludes to the rise of interest in McKinley as part of the debate over the more assertive American foreign policy of recent decades: Books Articles Online Official Speeches Media coverage Other William McKinley William McKinley (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1897, until his assassination six months into his second term.

William B. McKinley

McKinley died on December 7, 1926, aged 70. William B. McKinley William Brown McKinley (September 5, 1856December 7, 1926) was a United States Representative and United States Senator from the State of Illinois. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was born near Petersburg, Illinois. After graduating from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, McKinley became a drug clerk in Springfield. He returned to Champaign to become a banker. In 1902, he was elected a trustee of the university. McKinley ran for U.S. House of Representatives in 1905, winning his first of four consecutive terms. In 1913, he

Assassination of William McKinley

not be seen again in Washington ... [After McKinley's death,] old men came to the [White House] on errands of state and politics, but their primacy was disputed by the young men crowding forward. The nation felt another leadership, nervous, aggressive, and strong. Under command of a bold young captain, America set sail on the stormy voyage of the twentieth century. Books Other sources Assassination of William McKinley On September 6, 1901, William McKinley, the 25th President of the United States, was shot on the grounds of the Pan-American Exposition at the Temple of Music in Buffalo, New York. He

Presidency of William McKinley

relatives paid their final respects. It was then transported to the receiving vault at West Lawn Cemetery in Canton, to await the construction of the memorial to McKinley that was already being planned. McKinley, his wife, and their daughters are interred in the McKinley National Memorial, which was dedicated by President Roosevelt on September 30, 1907. McKinley's biographer, H. Wayne Morgan remarks that McKinley died the most beloved president in history. However, the young, enthusiastic Roosevelt quickly captured public attention after his predecessor's death. The new president made little effort to secure the trade reciprocity McKinley had intended to negotiate


Question: "Who was known as ""The Waltz King""?"

Strauss junior
J. Strauss II
Johann Strauß the Younger
Johann Strauß II
strauss waltzes
strauss jnr
johan strauss
johann strauss jr
Johann Strauss
Johann Strauss, II
Strauss jnr
Johann Sebastian Strauss
johann strauss
Johann Strauss, Jr.
Strauss jr
Johann Strauss Jnr.
Johann Strauß II.
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johann sebastian strauss
Johann Strauss II
johan strauss ii
Strauss Waltzes
johann straus ii
Johann Strauss, the Younger
Johann Strauss Junior
Johann strauss ii
Johann Strauß (son)
Johann Strauss, Jr
Johan straus ii
Strauss II
Johann straus
ballets by johann strauss ii
strauss younger
Johann Strauss (son)
Johann Straus II
johann strauss younger
johan straus ii
Ballets by Johann Strauss II
Johann strauss
Johann Strauss The Younger
johann strauß ii
Johann Baptist Strauss Jr.
Johann Strauß
Strauss the younger
strauss junior
The Waltz King
Johann Strauss Jnr
waltz king
strauss ii
johann strauß younger
Johann Strauss, the Son
Johann Strauss II.
Johann, the Younger Strauss
Johann Strauss the Younger
johann strauss ii
johann strauss jnr
johann strauß
Johann Strauss Jr.
johann straus
strauss jr
johann strauss son
johann strauß son
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Johann Strauss, Jnr
johann baptist strauss jr
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Wayne King

Wayne King Wayne King (February 16, 1901 – July 16, 1985) was an American musician, songwriter, singer and orchestra leader with a long association with both NBC And CBS. He was sometimes referred to as the Waltz King because much of his most popular music involved waltzes; "The Waltz You Saved for Me" was his standard set closing song in live performance and on numerous radio broadcasts at the height of his career. Born Harold Wayne King in Savanna, Illinois, King was an impressive athlete in high school, and briefly played professional football with the Canton Bulldogs. He also attended

Gustavus Waltz

Gustavus Waltz Gustavus Waltz (fl. 1732-1759) was a German bass opera singer who collaborated with Handel which began in 1732. Like Handel himself, Waltz was a naturalized Englishman, originally German, and worked for Handel as a cook. Charles Burney reports Handel as saying that "he (Gluck) knows no more of contrapunto, as my cook, Waltz." This statement is very likely true but misunderstood. Waltz was an excellent singer who performed in many of Handel's works. He was a choral singer as well as a soloist, as well as an excellent contrapuntist.. Waltz created roles in Arianna in Creta, Ariodante, Alcina,

Jean-Chrysostome Brauneis II

Jean-Chrysostome Brauneis II Jean-Chrysostome Brauneis II, sometimes referred to as John-Chrysostome Brauneis II, (26 January 1814, Quebec City - 11 August 1871, Montreal) was a Canadian composer, organist, and music educator. A multifaceted musician, Brauneis instructed students in many musical subjects, including composition, conducting, guitar, harp, organ, piano, violin, voice, and theory. Considered Canada's first native musician to be trained in Europe, he was a highly influential teacher and figure in the classical music scene in 19th century Montreal. His most well known composition, "The Royal Welcome Waltzes" (1869), is still performed in concert and was recorded on disc by

Göran Svenning and David Hellström

bandleader and composer, was known as the “Boston King” because of his association with the Boston waltz, a dance popular in Sweden in the early 1900s. In 1911 Svenning published a collection of verse entitled "Skärgårdssånger" (Archipelago songs). David Hellström was a Swedish composer from the province of Bohuslän. He was born September 23, 1883 in Strömstad and died there on April 7, 1965 at the age of eighty-one. As a young man he enlisted in the Royal Bohuslän Regiment, where he studied music and played the French horn. He returned to civilian life after attaining the rank of sergeant

Marek Weber

degenerate music. In late 1932 he left Germany, traveling via London to the United States. Billed as the "Radio Waltz King", he became a fixture of the NBC Red Network, with star billing on the "Carnation Condensed Milk" program and frequent guest appearances on other shows. After the Second World War he purchased a ranch and retired from show business. He bequeathed his personal collection of violins to the Indiana University School of Music. He died in Chicago at the age of seventy-five. After his death, his widow Anna established a scholarship in his name for one male and one

Honorific nicknames in popular music

Honorific nicknames in popular music

When describing popular music artists, honorific nicknames are used, most often in the media or by fans, to indicate the significance of an artist, and are often religious, familial, or (most frequently) royal and aristocratic titles, used metaphorically. Honorific nicknames were used in classical music in Europe even in the early nineteenth century, with figures such as Mozart being called "The father of modern music" and Bach "The father of modern piano music". They were also particularly prominent in African-American culture in the post-Civil War era, perhaps as a means of conferring status that had been negated by slavery, and as a result entered early jazz and blues music, including figures such as Duke Ellington and Count Basie.

In U.S. culture, despite its republican constitution and ideology, honorific nicknames have been used to describe leading figures in various areas of activity, such as industry, commerce, sports, and the media; "father" or "mother" have been used for innovators, and royal titles such as "king" and "queen" for dominant figures in a field. In the 1930s and 1940s, as jazz and swing music were gaining popularity, it was the more commercially successful white artists Paul Whiteman and Benny Goodman who became known as "the King of Jazz" and "the King of Swing" respectively, despite there being more highly regarded contemporary African-American artists.

These patterns of naming were transferred to rock and roll when it emerged in the 1950s. There was a series of attempts to find (and a number of claimants to be) the "King of Rock 'n' Roll", a title that became most associated with Elvis Presley. This has been characterized as part of a process of the appropriation of credit for innovation of the then new music by a white establishment. Different honorifics have been taken or given for other leading figures in the genre, such as "the Architect of Rock and Roll", by Little Richard from the 1990s, but this term, like many, is also used for other important figures, in this case including pioneer electric guitarist Les Paul.

Similar honorific nicknames have been given in other genres, including Aretha Franklin, who was literally crowned "Queen of Soul" by disk jockey Pervis Spann on stage in 1968. Michael Jackson and Madonna have been closely associated with the terms "King and Queen of Pop" since the 1980s. Some nicknames have been strongly promulgated and contested by various artists and occasionally disowned or played down by their subjects. Some notable honorific nicknames are in general usage and commonly identified with particular individuals.

List of Romantic composers

List of Romantic composers

The Romantic era of Western Classical music spanned the 19th century to the early 20th century, encompassing a variety of musical styles and techniques. Part of the broader Romanticism movement of Europe, Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert are often seen as the dominant transitional figures composers from the preceding Classical era. Many composers began to channel nationalistic themes, such as Mikhail Glinka, The Five and Belyayev circle in Russia; Frédéric Chopin in Poland; Carl Maria von Weber and Heinrich Marschner in Germany; Edvard Grieg in Norway; Jean Sibelius in Finland; Giuseppe Verdi in Italy; Carl Nielsen in Denmark; Isaac Albéniz in Spain; Ralph Vaughan Williams and Edward Elgar in England; Mykola Lysenko in Ukraine; and Bedřich Smetana and Antonín Dvořák in what is now the Czech Republic.

A European-wide debate took place, particularly in Germany, on what the ideal course of music was, following Beethoven's death. The New German School—primarily Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner—promoted progressive ideas, in opposition to more conservative composers such as Felix Mendelssohn and Robert Schumann.

Note that this list is purely chronological, and also includes a substantial number of composers, especially those born after 1860, whose works cannot be conveniently classified as "Romantic".

Gustavus Waltz

and Atalanta. He sang in the chorus for the last time in a 1754 performance of ("The Messiah" Foundling Hospital). Gustavus Waltz Gustavus Waltz (fl. 1732-1759) was a German bass opera singer who collaborated with Handel which began in 1732. Like Handel himself, Waltz was a naturalized Englishman, originally German, and worked for Handel as a cook. Charles Burney reports Handel as saying that "he (Gluck) knows no more of contrapunto, as my cook, Waltz." This statement is very likely true but misunderstood. Waltz was an excellent singer who performed in many of Handel's works. He was a choral singer

Émile Waldteufel

In October 1874 Waldteufel played at an event that was attended by the then Prince of Wales, future King Edward VII of the United Kingdom. The Prince was enthralled by Waldteufel's "Manolo" waltz, and was prepared to make Waldteufel's music known in Britain. A long-term contract with the London-based editor Hopwood & Crew followed. Part of the company belonged to Charles Coote, director of the Coote & Tinney's Band, the first dance orchestra in London. Through these means, Waldteufel's music was played at Buckingham Palace in front of Queen Victoria. Waldteufel dominated the music scene in London and became world-famous.

Johann Strauss Orchestra

the time the Orchestra first toured Europe, there emerged a renewed interest in waltz music. The revival began in the Netherlands and was ignited by their recording of the "Second Waltz" from Shostakovich's "Suite for Variety Orchestra". As a result, Rieu became known as the modern "Waltz King", a title originally bestowed upon Johann Strauss II. Rieu and his orchestra have performed throughout Europe, in North America, Japan, and Australia. Winning a number of awards including two World Music Awards, their recordings have gone gold and platinum in many countries, including 8-times Platinum in the Netherlands. Rieu records both DVD

Johann Strauss II

to ingratiate himself in the eyes of the new monarch, who ascended to the Austrian throne after the 1848 revolution. Strauss Jr. eventually attained greater fame than his father and became one of the most popular waltz composers of the era, extensively touring Austria, Poland and Germany with his orchestra. He applied for the "KK Hofballmusikdirektor" (Music Director of the Royal Court Balls) position, which he finally attained in 1863, after being denied several times before for his frequent brushes with the local authorities. In 1853, due to constant mental and physical demands, Strauss suffered a nervous breakdown. He took

Stompin' Tom Connors

Waltz", which was completed in 12 minutes. His character was rough but genuine. As the "National Post" noted: In 1999, after completing a 38-city tour, Connors received the National Achievement Award at the annual SOCAN Awards held in Toronto. In 2009, Connors was the recipient of the prestigious Lifetime Achievement Award at the annual SOCAN Awards in Toronto. Connors' habit of stomping the heel of his left boot to keep rhythm earned him the nickname "that stompin' guy", or "Stomper". It wasn't until Canada's 100th birthday, July 1, 1967, that the name "Stompin" Tom Connors was first used, when Boyd

Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine

1810 in Württemberg. Blair suggested that this Waltz could be the same Waltz who later came to be regarded as the legendary Dutchman, and that he Americanized the spelling of his family name. Note that tombstone pictured shows birth year as 1808. Waltz relocated to Arizona in the 1860s, and stayed in the territory for most of the rest of his life. He pursued mining and prospecting, but seems to have had little luck with either. An alternate view which better fits the lost mine legend is that he periodically appeared with large amounts of gold, "The Sterling Legend" by

Clyde Moody

Bruce Moody was also a popular bluegrass musician and toured with him from 1962–1969. Moody was inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame in 2011. Clyde Moody Clyde Moody (September 19, 1915 – April 7, 1989), also known as the "Hillbilly Waltz King" and sometimes as "The Genial Gentleman of Country Music" was one of the great founders of American Bluegrass music. Born in Cherokee, North Carolina, Moody got his start in the late 1930s in the string band J. E. Mainer's Mountaineers. In September 1940 he joined Bill Monroe's Blue Grass Boys on the Grand Ole Opry.

King of the Gypsies

Honey", died in Bolton, Lancashire in 1811 aged 90. He was reported to have been "justly entitled the King of Beggars", having been on the road for 70 years. He was reported to have been the son of a schoolmaster, and well educated, but to have taken to the road by choice, and maintained a wandering life until he became bedridden. The "King of the Gypsies" died in 1824 Stamford, Lincolnshire. Louis Boswell was buried at Eastwood church, Southend-on-Sea in 1835. In the Burial Register he is described as a "Traveller aged 42" – "This man known as the King

Jazz royalty

bandleader took the name "King Porter". Nat King Cole's nickname is partly inspired by the nursery rhyme "Old King Cole" and partly inspired by his impressive jazz piano technique. There was a popular big band, led by Blue Barron, a stage name. Blue Barron once billed himself as competing for the title of "King of the Mickey Mouse Bands". Pianist Albert Ammons was referred to both as the "King of Boogie Woogie" and the "Rhythm King" in the 1930s and 1940s. Mamie Smith was billed as the "Queen of the Blues"; Bessie Smith outdid her with the billing "Empress of

Johann Strauss II

members and their world-renowned craft of composing Viennese waltzes are also briefly documented in several television adaptations, such as "The Strauss Family" (1972), "The Strauss Dynasty" (1991) and "Strauss, the King of 3/4 Time" (1995). Many other films used his works and melodies, and several films have been based upon the life of the musician, the most famous of which is called "The Great Waltz" (1938), redone in 1972. Alfred Hitchcock made a low-budget biographical film of Strauss in 1934 called "Waltzes from Vienna". After a trip to Vienna, Walt Disney was inspired to create four feature films. One of

Anton Diabelli

Marguerite Duras. Anton Diabelli Anton (or Antonio) Diabelli (6 September 17817 April 1858) was an Austrian music publisher, editor and composer. Best known in his time as a publisher, he is most familiar today as the composer of the waltz on which Ludwig van Beethoven wrote his set of thirty-three "Diabelli Variations". Diabelli was born in Mattsee near Salzburg, then in the Archbishopric of Salzburg. A musical child, he sang in the boys' choir at Salzburg Cathedral where he is believed to have taken music lessons with Michael Haydn. By the age of 19 Diabelli had already composed several important

Pee Wee King

Pee Wee King Julius Frank Anthony Kuczynski (February 18, 1914 – March 7, 2000), known professionally as Pee Wee King, was an American country music songwriter and recording artist best known for co-writing "Tennessee Waltz". King was born in Abrams, Wisconsin to a Polish American family and lived in Abrams during his youth. He learned to play the accordion from his father, who was a professional polka musician. In the 1930s, he toured and made cowboy movies with Gene Autry. King joined the Grand Ole Opry in 1937. In 1946, while the bandleader of the Golden West Cowboys, King, together

Jacob Gade

and provided him with an international touch. The principal paper of the city mentioned him as the king of waltz. His juvenile dream was coming true. In 1919 he traveled to New York, joined orchestras that played at cinema theaters, and put together aggregations that included up to 80 members and, soon he had another satisfaction, he was chosen in a contest to join the Philharmonic Orchestra of New York. For two years he only devoted to playing classical music. He returned to his country to conduct the orchestra of the Palads Cinema theater and to compose and arrange music

The Great Waltz (1972 film)

The Great Waltz (1972 film) The Great Waltz is a 1972 American biographical musical film directed by Andrew L. Stone, and starring Horst Buchholz, Mary Costa, and Nigel Patrick, and follows 40 years in the life of composer Johann Strauss (the Younger, known as the "Waltz King") and his family. It is based on the musical "The Great Waltz", and was Stone's final film. M-G-M released a previous film adaptation in 1938, which is about a different phase of the younger Strauss's life. The film earned $1,650,000 in North American rentals in 1973. In 1840s Vienna, Johann Strauss I (Nigel

Philippe Musard

over for the second part. This proved a great success, and for a time Musard was given the title "Strauss of the Quadrille" and Strauss called "the Musard of the Waltz." 1837 also saw a rumor take root that Musard had died, and a general outpouring of grief ensued. His popularity was eclipsed for a time in the late 1830s by his friend Louis-Antoine Jullien, who tried to out-Musard Musard by using such devices as artillery where Musard merely used a pistol. However, Musard was restored to Parisian prominence upon Jullien's sudden departure from Paris on account of Jullien's great


Question: By what name is James Osterberg popularly known?

James Osterberg
iggy stooge
Iggy pop
The Godfather of Punk
The Passenger (2007 film)
godfather of punk
iggy pop biography
James Newell Osterberg
james osterberg
Iggy Stooge
Iggy Pop
passenger 2008 film
Iggy Pop Biography
passenger 2007 film
The Passenger (2007)
james newell osterberg
The Passenger (2008 film)
passenger 2007
iggy pop

John Österlund

John Österlund John Österlund (born 21 August 1875 in Stockholm, died 17 February 1953) was a Swedish artist and curator. Österlund studied decorative painting at the Technical School's senior art and design department and was a student at the Art Academy in 1903 as he did with the chancellor medal. He then studied further during trips to Europe's art centers. He arrived shortly afterwards to live in Uppsala, and was to spend the majority of their designs to Uppsala. Although the West Coast, primarily Mollosund where he often spent summers became a frequent recurring motif in Österlunds art. Although Visby

Kurt Atterberg

Kurt Atterberg Kurt Magnus Atterberg (12 December 188715 February 1974) was a Swedish composer and engineer. He is best known for his symphonies, operas, and ballets. Atterberg was born in Gothenburg. His father was Anders Johan Atterberg, engineer and brother of famous chemist Albert Atterberg. His mother, Elvira Uddman, was the daughter of a famous male opera singer. In 1902, Atterberg began learning the cello, having been inspired by a concert by the Brussels String Quartet, featuring a performance of Beethoven's String Quartet No. 8. Six years later he became a performer in the Stockholm Concert Society, now known as

Sven-Erik Österberg

Sven-Erik Österberg Sven-Erik Österberg (born 10 March 1955 in Munktorp) is a Swedish official and former social-democratic politician. He is Governor of Norrbotten County since 1 October 2012. Österberg was Minister for Financial Markets from 2004 to 2006. In 1991, he became municipal commissioner in Skinnskatteberg Municipality. 1994 he became a member of the Parliament of Sweden. 2004 to 2006, he was Deputy Minister of Finance in the Cabinet of Göran Persson, with responsibility for municipal and financial market issues. After the Social Democrat's defeat in the 2006 election, Österberg returned to being a member of parliament. From 2008 to

Kurt Atterberg

in 1925, which lasted until her death in 1962. Notes Sources Kurt Atterberg Kurt Magnus Atterberg (12 December 188715 February 1974) was a Swedish composer and engineer. He is best known for his symphonies, operas, and ballets. Atterberg was born in Gothenburg. His father was Anders Johan Atterberg, engineer and brother of famous chemist Albert Atterberg. His mother, Elvira Uddman, was the daughter of a famous male opera singer. In 1902, Atterberg began learning the cello, having been inspired by a concert by the Brussels String Quartet, featuring a performance of Beethoven's String Quartet No. 8. Six years later he

John Österlund

Stockholm Three Crowns State Museum as well as models for the State Historical Museum, and Gothenburg's historical museum. Österlund was in the later years chairman of Upplands Art Association. John Österlund John Österlund (born 21 August 1875 in Stockholm, died 17 February 1953) was a Swedish artist and curator. Österlund studied decorative painting at the Technical School's senior art and design department and was a student at the Art Academy in 1903 as he did with the chancellor medal. He then studied further during trips to Europe's art centers. He arrived shortly afterwards to live in Uppsala, and was to

Iggy Pop

Iggy Pop

James Newell Osterberg Jr. (born April 21, 1947), known professionally as Iggy Pop, is an American singer, musician, songwriter and actor. Called the "Godfather of Punk", he was the vocalist and lyricist of proto-punk band The Stooges, who were formed in 1967 and have disbanded and reunited many times since.

Initially playing a raw, primitive style of rock and roll (progressing later towards more experimental and aggressive rock), the Stooges sold few records in their original incarnation and gained a reputation for their confrontational performances, which often involved acts of self-mutilation by Pop. He had a long collaborative relationship and friendship with David Bowie over the course of his career, beginning with the Stooges' album "Raw Power" in 1973. Both musicians went to West Berlin to wean themselves off their respective drug addictions and Pop began his solo career by collaborating with Bowie on the 1977 albums "The Idiot" and "Lust for Life", Pop usually contributing the lyrics. Throughout his career, he is well known for his outrageous and unpredictable stage antics, poetic lyrics and distinctive voice. He was one of the first performers to do a stage-dive and popularized the activity.<ref name="Brooklyn Rail" /> Pop, who traditionally (but not exclusively) performs bare-chested, also performed such stage theatrics as rolling around in broken glass and exposing himself to the crowd.<ref name="Brooklyn Rail" />

Pop's music has encompassed a number of styles over the course of his career, including garage rock, punk rock, hard rock, heavy metal, art rock, new wave, jazz, blues and electronic. Though his popularity has fluctuated, many of Pop's songs have become well known, including "Search and Destroy" and "I Wanna Be Your Dog" by the Stooges, and his solo hits "Lust for Life", "The Passenger" and "Real Wild Child (Wild One)". In 1990, he recorded his first and only Top 40 U.S. hit, "Candy", a duet with B-52's singer Kate Pierson. Pop's song "China Girl" became more widely known when it was re-recorded by co-writer Bowie, who released it as the second single from his most commercially successful album, "Let's Dance" (1983). Bowie re-recorded and performed many of Pop's songs throughout his career.

Although Pop has had limited commercial success, he has remained a culture icon and a significant influence on a wide range of musicians in numerous genres. The Stooges' album "Raw Power" has proved an influence on artists such as Sex Pistols, the Smiths, His solo album "The Idiot" has been cited as a major influence on a number of post-punk, electronic and industrial artists including Depeche Mode, Nine Inch Nails and Joy Division, and was described by Siouxsie Sioux as a "re-affirmation that our suspicions were true: the man is a genius." He was inducted as part of the Stooges into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010. In January 2020, Pop received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

The Stooges

The Stooges

The Stooges, originally billed as the Psychedelic Stooges, also known as Iggy and the Stooges, was an American rock band formed in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1967 by singer Iggy Pop, guitarist Ron Asheton, drummer Scott Asheton, and bassist Dave Alexander. Initially playing a raw, primitive style of rock and roll, the band sold few records in their original incarnation and gained a reputation for their confrontational performances, which often involved acts of self-mutilation by Iggy Pop.<ref name=all/>

After releasing two albums – "The Stooges" (1969) and "Fun House" (1970) – the group disbanded briefly, and reformed with an altered lineup (with Ron Asheton replacing Dave Alexander on bass and James Williamson taking up guitar) to release a third album, "Raw Power" (1973), before breaking up again in 1974. The band reunited in 2003 with Ron Asheton moving back to guitar and Mike Watt on bass, and the addition of saxophonist Steve Mackay, who had played briefly with the 1973–1974 lineup. Ron Asheton died in 2009 and was replaced by James Williamson, and the band continued to play shows until 2013, when they also released their last album, "Ready to Die". The Stooges formally announced their breakup in 2016 due to the deaths of Scott Asheton and saxophonist Steve Mackay.

The Stooges are widely regarded as a seminal proto-punk act. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010. In 2004, "Rolling Stone" ranked them 78th on their list of the 100 greatest artists of all time. In 2007, they were awarded the Mojo Lifetime Achievement Award at the Mojo Awards.

History of netball

History of netball

The history of netball can be traced to the early development of basketball. A year after basketball was invented in 1895, the sport was modified for women to accommodate social conventions regarding their participation in sport, giving rise to women's basketball. Variations of women's basketball arose across the United States and in England. At the Bergman Österberg physical training college in Dartford, England, the rules of women's basketball were modified over several years to form an entirely new sport: "net ball". The sport was invented to encourage young females to be physically active and energetic. The first codified rules of netball were published at the start of the twentieth century, and from there the new sport spread throughout the British Empire.

From the beginning, netball was widely accepted as a sport suitable for women. Domestic netball competitions arose in several countries during the first half of the 20th century. Starting from the 1920s, national associations were formed to organise the sport in netball-playing nations. International matches were played sporadically in the early 20th century, but were hampered by varying rules in different countries.

By 1960, the rules of netball were standardized internationally and an international governing body was formed to oversee the sport globally. Initially called the International Netball Federation (INF), the organization was later renamed World Netball. The second half of the 20th century saw international competition expand, with the sport's premier international competition, the INF Netball World Cup, starting in 1963. Netball has also been contested at the Commonwealth Games since 1998.

Today, netball is popular in Commonwealth nations, and is reportedly played by over 20 million people worldwide. It remains primarily a women's sport, although male participation is increasing in some countries. Further developments to the sport are being trialled, including a shortened version of the game played in a World Series format; netball is also being promoted by sports advocates for possible inclusion in the Olympic Games.

List of stage names

List of stage names

This list of stages lists names used by those in the entertainment industry, alphabetically by their stage name's surname, followed by their birth name. Individuals who dropped their last name and substituted their middle name as their last name are listed. In many cases, performers have legally changed their name to their stage name.

Note: Many cultures have their own naming customs and systems, some rather intricate. Minor changes or alterations, including reversing Eastern-style formats, do not in and of themselves qualify as stage names, and should not normally be included. For example, Björk, whose stage name appears to be an original creation, is part of her full Icelandic name, Björk Guðmundsdóttir. Her second name is a patronymic instead of a family name, following Icelandic naming conventions. "Björk" is not a stage name but how any Icelander would refer to her, casually or formally.
People are not listed here if they fall into one or more of the following categories:

The following exceptions are listed here for the following reasons:

April 1947

April 1947

The following events occurred in April 1947:

Ernst Oster

the Robert Owen Lehman Foundation, was completed in 1977. An avid hiker, Oster died of a stroke while hiking on Schunemunk Mountain. He was survived by a sister, Therese, who was living in Switzerland at the time of his death. The papers of Heinrich Schenker that were in his possession were donated by his estate to the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts where they are known as the "Oster Collection: Papers of Heinrich Schenker." Ernst Oster Ernst Oster (January 26, 1908 — June 30, 1977) was a pianist, musicologist, and music theorist. A specialist in the use

Osher Günsberg

shift. In 1998, at the age of 24, he adopted the stage name of "Andrew G" while doing the afternoon shift at SAFM after his program director said, "Günsberg? Adelaide? Nahh, Andrew G!", thus becoming the first person to ever call him by this name and ensuring some confusion amongst audiences between Günsberg and his new namesake, former Australian rugby league footballer for the Brisbane Broncos, Andrew Gee. In 2009, he decided to drop his abbreviated stage name and revert to his full surname. From 2004 to 2009, he formally hosted the Australian radio chart countdown programme "Take 40 Australia",

Osher Günsberg

Osher Günsberg Osher Günsberg (born Andrew Günsberg), widely recognised by his former stage name Andrew G, is an Australian television and radio presenter and journalist who is best known as the host of the reality TV series "The Bachelor Australia", "The Bachelorette Australia", "Bachelor in Paradise Australia" and the narrator of the factual TV series "Bondi Rescue". He is also known for his hosting roles on Channel [V], "Australian Idol", "Live to Dance" on CBS and radio shows including "Take 40 Australia" and "The Hot Hits". Günsberg also narrated the factual television program "Recruits". He was a regular contributor to

Rickard Söderberg

Rickard Söderberg John "Rickard" Söderberg (born 10 April 1975) in Snöstorp, Halland, is a Swedish tenor, singer and debater. Söderberg started as a pianist and had studied playing at the Music College of Gothenburg University. He started his singing career after he began studying opera at Operacademy at the Royal Danish Theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark. Even before he had finished his studies he had made opera debuts on stages in Denmark, Sweden and Germany. After this he has continued his opera career at both smaller and bigger operahouses and today sings in Europe, US and Africa. Söderberg is known for

Harry Oster

Harry Oster Dr. Harry Oster (April 12, 1923 – January 19, 2001) was an American folklorist and musicologist. Oster was the firstborn of Jacob and Sarah, Russian-Polish Jews, who emigrated to Cambridge, Massachusetts. After one year in college, he was enlisted in January 1943 to serve as a weather observer, graduated from Columbia Business School with an MBA and became a firm manager. He went on to Harvard University to receive a BA (1946), and to Cornell University for an MA (1950) and PhD in English (1953). He worked as an assistant in the Cornell department and helped to organize

Ragnar Östberg

Ragnar Östberg Ragnar Östberg (14 July 1866 – 5 February 1945) was a Swedish architect who is best known for designing Stockholm City Hall. Östberg was born in 1866 in Stockholm. Scharinska villan in Umeå in north Sweden is considered one of Östberg's best works during his youth. Östberg has become the most famous architect within the so-called "national romanticist" movement in Sweden. His body of work from the period range from public buildings, such as Stockholm City Hall, to mansions for influential families at the turn of the century, such as Scharinska villan or Nedre Manilla, built for the

Ragnar Östberg

Bonnier family. Ragnar Östberg Ragnar Östberg (14 July 1866 – 5 February 1945) was a Swedish architect who is best known for designing Stockholm City Hall. Östberg was born in 1866 in Stockholm. Scharinska villan in Umeå in north Sweden is considered one of Östberg's best works during his youth. Östberg has become the most famous architect within the so-called "national romanticist" movement in Sweden. His body of work from the period range from public buildings, such as Stockholm City Hall, to mansions for influential families at the turn of the century, such as Scharinska villan or Nedre Manilla, built

Johan Cullberg

Johan Cullberg Johan Cullberg (born 1934), is a Swedish professor in psychiatry, researcher, psychoanalyst and author of a number of internationally recognized textbooks. He started his career at the department of gynecology at the Karolinska Hospital studying the effects of birth control. He came to head of one of the outpatient clinics in the Nacka project, doing groundbreaking work on psychiatric care outside the hospital in Sweden. He is recognized for advocacy of lower doses of antipsychotic medicine, reduction in compulsory treatment and more humane psychiatric care. He was awarded the Dobloug Prize (Swedish: Doblougska priset), a literature prize awarded

Jödde i Göljaryd

Jödde i Göljaryd Known as the father of "bondkomik" (rustic humor), Jödde i Göljaryd (1855–1900) was a beloved storyteller, whose folk humor and songs dominated popular culture in Sweden during the 1890s. The entertainer, whose real name was Karl Petter Rosén, was famous for his stone – Jödde’s Stone – which can still be seen at the open-air museum of Skansen in Stockholm's Djurgården park. 1893 was the year he began performing at Skansen with every manner of story and anecdote, often in the dialect of Småland, and with homey songs of a rural nature. In 1899 and 1900 Rosén

David Isberg

David Isberg David Isberg (born 23 February 1975) is a Swedish musician, most famous for having founded seminal Swedish progressive death metal band Opeth. David Isberg is also known as DJ Dake, having a successful DJ career with independent and electronic music, often influenced by the Madchester scene. He also DJs old school heavy, thrash, speed and death metal from the 1980s at Club Rocks in Stockholm on a monthly basis. David was in the Swedish black metal band "Procreation" (1989–1991). In Procreation, he used the alias of Unholy Emperor. Alongside David was Christofer Johnsson, the man most known for

The Stooges

Movers nicknamed Osterberg "Iggy" in reference to his earlier band. Osterberg was first inspired to form the Stooges after meeting blues drummer Sam Lay during a visit to Chicago. Upon returning to Detroit, Osterberg sought to create a new form of blues music that was not derivative of historical precedents. Ron Asheton (guitar) and Scott Asheton (drums) and Dave Alexander (bass guitar) composed the rest of the band, with Osterberg as main singer. Osterberg became interested in Ron Asheton after seeing him perform in the Chosen Few (a covers band), believing "I’ve never met a convincing musician that didn’t look

Johan Norberg

member of the international Mont Pelerin Society. In January 2017 Norberg became Executive Editor of Free To Choose Media. Norberg has two children. Johan Norberg Johan Norberg (; born 27 August 1973) is a Swedish author and historian of ideas, devoted to promoting economic globalization and what he regards as classical liberal positions. He is arguably most known as the author of "In Defense of Global Capitalism" (2001) and "" (2016). Since 15 March 2007 he has been a senior fellow at the Cato Institute, and in January 2017 he became the executive editor at Free To Choose Media. Johan

Lars Hjortsberg

in Nyköping. Lars Hjortsberg is portrayed in a novel by Agneta Pleijel, "Kungens komediant" ('The King's Comedian'). Lars Hjortsberg Lars Hjortsberg (22 November 1772 – 8 July 1843) was a Swedish stage actor. He belonged to the pioneer generation of elite actors of the Royal Dramatic Theatre and has, alongside Emilie Högquist, been referred to as the most famous Swedish actor of the first half of the 19th-century. Lars Hjortsberg was one of six children to the stone mason Laurentius (Lars) Hjortsberg and the opera singer Maria Lovisa Schützer: he was the brother of the ballerina Hedda Hjortsberg and the

Emil Österman

Emil Österman Carl Emil Österman (11 January 1870, Västra Vingåker Parish, Södermanland - 8 March 1927, Stockholm) was a Swedish painter, illustrator and academician. His twin brother, Bernhard, was also an artist. His father was a dye master. From 1890 to 1893, he studied at the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts and was awarded the Royal Medal for his depiction of the murder of Axel von Fersen. While there, he also took lessons in etching from Axel Tallberg. From 1894 to 1898, thanks to several scholarships, he was able to visit Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany and Spain.

Örjan Ramberg

Örjan Ramberg Ralf Örjan Valter Ramberg, né Rahmberg (26 February 1948), is a Swedish actor, born in Örgryte, Gothenburg. Örjan Ramberg started his acting career in musicals with successful leading parts in the original Swedish stagings of "Hair" (1971) and "Jesus Christ Superstar" (1972; opposite, among others, Agnetha Fältskog from ABBA as Mary Magdalene). He was later educated in the dramatic arts at Sweden's National Academy of Dramatic Art (in Sweden colloquially known as "Scenskolan") in Malmö, 1974-1977. Since 1978, he has been part of Sweden's Royal Dramatic Theatre (Dramaten) ensemble, becoming one of the theatre's most popular actors. On


Question: Michael Phelps who during the Summer Olympics 2012 brought his swimming medal total to a record 18 golds represents which country?

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Michael Phelps

On August 2, 2012, Phelps won his 16th Olympic gold medal when he edged out Ryan Lochte to win the 200-meter individual medley with a time of 1:54.27, and by that victory also became the first male swimmer to win the same event in three consecutive Olympics. Rebecca Soni and Phelps (twice) are the only swimmers to successfully defend an individual title from the 2008 Games. This win also marked Phelps's fifth Olympic title in the individual medley, breaking the record of four shared by Hungarian Tamás Darnyi and Ukrainian Yana Klochkova. He repeated the achievement of winning the same

Michael Phelps

of eight medals of any color at a single Games by winning six gold and two bronze medals. At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Phelps won four gold and two silver medals, and at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, he won five gold medals and one silver. This made him the most successful athlete of the Games for the fourth Olympics in a row. Phelps is the long course world record holder in the men's 100 meter butterfly, 200 meter butterfly, and 400 meter individual medley as well as the former long course world record holder

Swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics

North Baltimore Aquatic Club

Homeland. NBAC has produced eight Olympic swimmers overall. The organization's best known swimmer is Michael Phelps, who initially competed in the 2000 Sydney Games, then won six gold and two bronze medals at the 2004 Athens Games. In the 2008 Beijing Games Phelps broke seven world records and won the gold medal in all eight events that he competed in. At the 2012 London Games, he earned four gold and two silver medals. Phelps holds the records for most career Olympic gold medals in any sport and the most gold medals in a single Olympic Games, and the record for

Michael Phelps

Michael Phelps Michael Fred Phelps II (born June 30, 1985) is an American retired competitive swimmer and the most successful and most decorated Olympian of all time, with a total of 28 medals. Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals (23), Olympic gold medals in individual events (13), and Olympic medals in individual events (16). When he won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games, Phelps broke fellow American swimmer Mark Spitz's 1972 record of seven first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games. At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Phelps had already tied the record

Michael Phelps

Swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics

Swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics

The swimming competitions at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London took place from 28 July to 4 August at the Aquatics Centre. The open-water competition took place from 9 to 10 August in Hyde Park.

Swimming featured 34 events (17 male, 17 female), including two 10 km open-water marathons in Hyde Park's Serpentine Lake. The remaining 32 were contested in a 50 m long course pool within the Olympic Park.

United States claimed a total of 31 medals (16 golds, 9 silver, and 6 bronze) in the leaderboard to maintain its supremacy as the most successful nation in swimming. Brought by an unprecedented sporting domination, Michael Phelps emerged as the most decorated Olympian of all time after winning six more medals at these Games to bring his total after the 2012 games to 22 (18 golds, 2 silver, and 2 bronze). Battling against the Americans for an overall medal count, China mounted to an unexpected second-place effort on the leaderboard with a tally of 10 medals (five golds, three silver, and bronze) after striking a superb double from Sun Yang in long-distance freestyle (both 400 and 1500 m) and Ye Shiwen in the individual medley (both 200 and 400 m). Meanwhile, France ended on a spectacular fashion in third spot with a total of seven medals (four golds, two silver, and one bronze), followed by the Netherlands with four, including two golds from Ranomi Kromowidjojo in sprint freestyle (both 50 and 100 m), and South Africa with three.<ref name=swimreview/>

For the first time since 1992, Australia delivered an underwhelming performance with only a single triumph in the freestyle relay, but managed to bring home a total of ten medals. After not winning a gold in swimming since 2000, Japan produced the most medals in the post-war era to build a tally of eleven (three silver and eight bronze).

A total of nine world records and twenty five Olympic records were set during the competition.

2012 Summer Olympics medal table

2012 Summer Olympics medal table

The 2012 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXX Olympiad, were a summer multi-sport event held in London, the capital of the United Kingdom, from 27 July to 12 August. A total of 10,768 athletes from 204 nations participated in 302 events in 26 sports across 39 different disciplines.

Overall, 86 nations received at least one medal, and 55 of them won at least one gold medal. Athletes from the United States won the most medals overall, with 104, and the most gold medals, with 47. The latter record is the largest gold medal haul for the country at a non-US hosted Olympics.

Michael Phelps and Missy Franklin won the most gold medals at the games with four each. Phelps also won the greatest number of medals overall winning six in total. Bahrain, Botswana, Cyprus, Gabon, Grenada, Guatemala, and Montenegro all won their first Olympic medals with Bahrain and Grenada winning their nation's first Olympic gold medal. Taekwondo athlete Milica Mandić from Serbia won the first Olympic gold medal for that nation as an independent nation. However, Serbian athletes had previously won gold medals as nationals of Yugoslavia.

During and after the games, many athletes who were caught doping or tested positive for banned substances were disqualified from competition and had their medals revoked. To date, 40 medals have been stripped, with Russia accounting for 17 of those.

United States at the Olympics

United States at the Olympics

United States of America (USA) has sent athletes to every celebration of the modern era Olympic Games, except for the 1980 Summer Olympics, during which it led a boycott to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

American athletes have won a total of 2,629 medals (1,060 of them gold) at the Summer Olympic Games, and another 330 (113 of them gold) at the Winter Olympic Games, making the United States the most prolific medal-winning nation in the history of the Olympics. The United States remains one of the only major teams in the world to receive no government funding.

Chad le Clos

Chad le Clos

Chad Guy Bertrand le Clos, OIS (born 12 April 1992) is a South African competitive swimmer who is an Olympic, World and Commonwealth Games champion. He is the African record, Commonwealth record, and South African record holder in the short course and long course 200-metre butterfly and the short course 100-metre butterfly. He also holds the African records and South African records in the long course 200-metre freestyle and 100-metre butterfly, and the short course 100-metre freestyle. Formerly, he was a world record holder in the short course 100-metre butterfly and 200-metre butterfly.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he won a gold medal in the 200-metre butterfly and a silver medal in the 100-metre butterfly, as well as silver medals in the 200-metre freestyle and 100-metre butterfly at the 2016 Summer Olympics. At the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, he won five total medals. Le Clos has won the Swimming World Cup overall male winner title four times: 2011, 2013, 2014, and 2017. Across the 2010, 2014, 2018 and 2022 Commonwealth Games he has won a total of 18 medals, including 7 gold medals, 4 silver medals, and 7 bronze medals. He has won a total of 19 medals, 12 gold medals, 5 silver medals, and 2 bronze medals, in individual events at Short Course World Championships.

At the 2014 Commonwealth Games, he tied the record set by Ian Thorpe for the most number of medals won at a single Commonwealth Games with seven medals. When he won his fourth Olympic medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics, he became South Africa's most decorated Olympian. In 2017, he became the first male to win the overall title in the Swimming World Cup four times. Upon his completion of the 2018 Swimming World Cup, he won the Guinness World Record for "most gold medals won in the FINA Swimming World Cup by a male swimmer" for the 143 gold medals he won between 2009 and 2018, inclusive. In the same year, he became the most decorated Commonwealth Games swimmer, with 17 total medals, as well as first man to win the Commonwealth Games title in the 200-metre butterfly three times in a row. At the 2022 Commonwealth Games, he became the third person to win 18 medals at Commonwealth Games and tied for the title of most decorated competitor.

Michael Phelps

in the 200 meter freestyle and 200 meter individual medley. He has won 82 medals in major international long course competition, of which 65 were gold, 14 silver, and 3 bronze, spanning the Olympics, the World Championships, and the Pan Pacific Championships. Phelps's international titles and record-breaking performances have earned him the World Swimmer of the Year Award eight times and American Swimmer of the Year Award eleven times, as well as the FINA Swimmer of the Year Award in 2012 and 2016. Phelps earned "Sports Illustrated" magazine's Sportsman of the Year award due to his unprecedented Olympic success in

Michael Phelps

individual event of the Rio Olympics by Singaporean Joseph Schooling, when he earned joint silver along with Chad le Clos and László Cseh. On August 13, in the 4 × 100-meter medley relay, Phelps ended his career with another gold medal, his 23rd at the Olympics and his 28th medal overall. Together with Ryan Murphy, Cody Miller, and Nathan Adrian, swimming as the butterfly leg of the medley, they broke the Olympic record, and won the United States' 1001st all time Olympic gold medal, in accordance with the USOC. Phelps's performance in the Rio Olympics was unique in "winning multiple

Michael Phelps

four years ago in Beijing, when Phelps won a record eight gold medals. He out-touched László Cseh by 0.07 seconds in his heat to qualify last for the final, locking out Cseh. In his first finals of the Summer Olympics, Phelps placed fourth behind fellow American Ryan Lochte, Thiago Pereira of Brazil, and Kosuke Hagino of Japan in the 400-meter individual medley. It was the first time Phelps failed to medal in an Olympic event since 2000. The next night, in his second event of the Games, he got a silver as a member of the 4×100-meter free relay. Phelps

United States at the 2016 Summer Olympics

On August 11, 2016, Phelps set another historic record as the first ever swimmer to earn four consecutive gold medals in the men's 200 m individual medley. Ledecky's final medal total (four golds, one silver) is the most decorated single-Olympics performance by a U.S. female athlete in terms of gold medals, topping Missy Franklin (2012; four golds, 1 bronze), Simone Biles (2016; four golds, 1 bronze), and Amy Van Dyken (1996; four golds). Qualifiers for the latter rounds (Q) of all events were decided on a time only basis, therefore positions shown are overall results versus competitors in all heats.<br>

2000s (decade)

China's colossal clout in an increasingly shaky world economy, and therefore of the importance of keeping good relations with its government.' One of the most prominent events of the 2008 Summer Olympics held in Beijing was the achievement of Michael Phelps the American swimmer, frequently cited as the greatest swimmer and one of the greatest Olympians of all time. He has won 14 career Olympic gold medals, the most by any Olympian. As of August 2, 2009, Phelps has broken thirty-seven world records in swimming. Phelps holds the record for the most gold medals won in a single Olympics, his

United States at the 2008 Summer Olympics

highest total medal count, and won more silver and bronze medals than any other participating nation. This games also saw a gold medal record for U.S. swimmer Michael Phelps, who won 8 golds surpassing Mark Spitz's record of 7 golds in a single Olympic event in 1972. Phelps also surpassed Spitz, Larisa Latynina of the USSR, Paavo Nurmi of Finland, and U.S. sprinter Carl Lewis to become the current record holder for the most Olympic gold medals (14). The United States also saw milestones in women's swimming. Natalie Coughlin won 6 medals in Beijing, the most for a female Olympic

Michael Phelps

2007 World Aquatics Championships, Phelps won seven gold medals, tying the record for a global long-course championship held by Mark Spitz since the 1972 Summer Olympics, and broke five world records. Phelps first gold medal came in the 4×100-meter freestyle. Phelps swam the lead-off leg in 48.42 seconds and Neil Walker, Cullen Jones and Jason Lezak each expanded the lead to win in a Championship record of 3:12.72, just missing the world record of 3:12.46 set the previous year. His lead-off time was faster than the winning time in the individual 100-meter freestyle final later in the meet. Phelps set

United States at the 2012 Summer Olympics

Anthony Ervin (swimming), who both made their comeback in London after long years of absence. Two hundred and eight returning athletes had competed in Beijing, including 124 Olympic medalists, and 76 defending champions. Among the nation's defending champions were swimmers Michael Phelps and Natalie Coughlin. Phelps won a historic amount of eight gold medals in Beijing to become the most-decorated Olympic athlete at a single event and the first person to win a total of fourteen Olympic gold medals. Coughlin, on the other hand, won a total of 11 Olympic medals in two previous games, including six gold medals from

Michael Phelps

had raced in a preliminary heat of the medley relay, he was also awarded a gold medal along with the team members who competed in the final. In winning six gold and two bronze medals, Phelps, still a teenager, had the second-best performance ever at a single Olympics, behind Mark Spitz's seven gold medals at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Also, he became the second male swimmer ever to win more than two individual titles at a single Games with four, tying Spitz's four from 1972. At the 2005 World Championship Trials, Phelps decided to drop his specialty events, the 400-meter

Michael Phelps

leader for most Olympic gold medals won by an individual in the modern Olympic era. Moreover, Phelps became the first swimmer, male or female, to win three Olympic butterfly titles, after his two titles in the Athens 2004 Olympics. He also became the first swimmer to successfully defend an Olympic butterfly title. Less than one hour after his gold medal victory in the 200-meter butterfly, Phelps swam the lead-off leg of the 4×200-meter freestyle relay. With Lochte, Ricky Berens, and Peter Vanderkaay, he won his fifth gold and set his fifth world record as the American team finished first with

Michael Phelps

gold medals 12 years apart. Both these records were broken by Anthony Ervin three days later. Also on August 9, Phelps won his 21st gold medal in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay together with Conor Dwyer, Townley Haas, and Ryan Lochte. For Phelps and Lochte, this was their 4th consecutive gold medal in this event, an all-time record in swimming for any event. On August 11, Phelps won his 22nd gold medal in the 200 m individual medley. He beat Kosuke Hagino, the 400 m individual medley champion, by 1.95 seconds. This was Phelps's 4th consecutive gold medal

Swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 200 metre butterfly

five-hundredths of a second (0.05) for the gold medal and an African record in 1:52.96. By finishing with a time of 1:53.01, Phelps earned his second silver medal of the games, bringing his overall total to eighteen, and matching Larisa Latynina's record of eighteen medals as the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time. Japan's Takeshi Matsuda managed to repeat his bronze from Beijing four years earlier in 1:53.21. Austria's Dinko Jukić, who claimed the top seed earlier in the prelims, missed the podium by over a body length with a fourth-place time and a national record in 1:54.35. U.S.

Olympic team after failing an anti-doping test at the national trials. Hardy opted to pull out instead of contesting the test results at the Court of Arbitration for Sport. The U.S. left Beijing with 31 swimming medals: 12 gold, 9 silver and 10 bronze. This surpassed the 28 medals won by the swimming team in Athens. In the process, the U.S. broke ten swimming world records and twenty-four American records. The American performance in swimming was highlighted by Michael Phelps, who won a total of eight gold medals, surpassing Mark Spitz's 36-year-old single Games record of seven gold medals. Phelps

Michael Phelps

in the event as well as his 4th in the Games. He became the first swimmer to win the same individual event four times, surpassing the previous record of three held by Dawn Fraser and Krisztina Egerszegi. He also became the third Olympian to win the same individual event four times, after athletes Al Oerter and Carl Lewis. With that 13th individual gold medal, Phelps broke a 2,168-year-old ancient Olympic record, set by Leonidas of Rhodes, who had held the most Olympic individual titles of all time, with twelve. In the 100 m butterfly, Phelps was defeated in his last

Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics

its standings as the most successful nation in swimming. A stellar performance in the pool also made an Olympic history for Michael Phelps, who captured eight gold medals to break Mark Spitz's 1972 record, a total of seven, at a single Games. Despite the male swimmers failing to attain a single gold in swimming, Australia managed to repeat a second-place effort on its third consecutive Olympics with 20 medals (six golds, six silver, and eight bronze). Meanwhile, Great Britain finished third with a total of six medals by the benefit of a sterling long-distance freestyle double from Rebecca Adlington. A