Question: The merger of which two airlines, to create the world's 3rd largest airline in terms of annual revenue, was confirmed on 8 April 2010?

British Airways & Iberia
british airways iberia

Iberia (airline)

and a further 90 destinations through code-sharing agreements with other airlines. On 8 April 2010, it was confirmed that British Airways and Iberia had signed an agreement to merge, making the combined operation the third largest commercial airline in the world by revenue. Shareholders of both carriers approved the deal on 29 November 2010. The newly merged company, known as International Airlines Group (IAG), was established in January 2011, although both airlines continue to operate under their current brands. Iberia, Compañía Aérea de Transportes was incorporated on 28 June 1927 with a capital investment by the financier Horacio Echevarrieta and

History of Qantas

December 2008, British Airways confirmed that talks were underway regarding a possible merger between the two companies. They would merge as a dual-listed company with shares listed both on the London Stock Exchange and Australian Securities Exchange. However, on 18 December 2008, the two companies called off their merger discussions over ownership issues in the aftermath of a merger. If the merger between Qantas and British Airways and the previously announced merger between British Airways and Iberia Airlines had both occurred, it would have created the largest airline company in the world. On 29 December 2008, Qantas flew its last

History of British Airways

5, and experienced threats of industrial action, leading to a strike in March 2010. On 8 April 2010, it was confirmed that British Airways and Iberia Airlines had agreed to a merger, forming the International Airlines Group, although BA continues to operate under its own brand. The combined airline became the world's third-largest carrier (after Delta Air Lines and American Airlines) in terms of annual revenue. Since its creation, BA has become the largest airline in the UK based on fleet size, international flights and international destinations. The company has been centred at its main hub at London Heathrow Airport,

History of British Airways

In the beginning of August 2008, American Airlines announced an alliance with BA and Iberia, allowing the two carriers to fix fares, routes, and schedules together.<ref name="BA/AA"></ref> In addition to merger talks with Iberia, it was announced on 2 December 2008 that British Airways was discussing a merger with Qantas. If British Airways, Iberia and Qantas were to combine as one company it would be the largest airline in the world. However, on 18 December 2008, the talks with Qantas ended due to issues over ownership. In November 2010, BA was fined €104 million by the European Commission following an

US Airways

2013, American Airlines and US Airways announced plans to merge, creating the largest airline in the world. The holding companies of American and US Airways merged effective December 9, 2013. In preparation for their eventual integration, the airlines began offering reciprocal frequent flyer benefits on January 7, 2014, and US Airways left Star Alliance to join Oneworld on March 31, 2014. The combined airline carries the American Airlines name and branding and will maintain the existing US Airways hubs in Charlotte, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Washington, DC for a period of at least five years under the terms of a settlement with

Iberia (airline)

Iberia (airline)

Iberia (), legally incorporated as "Iberia Líneas Aéreas de España, S.A. Operadora, Sociedad Unipersonal", is the flag carrier airline of Spain. Founded in 1927 and based in Madrid, it operates an international network of services from its main base of Madrid–Barajas Airport.
Iberia, with Iberia Regional (operated by an independent carrier Air Nostrum) and with Iberia Express, is a part of International Airlines Group. In addition to transporting passengers and freight, Iberia Group carries out related activities, such as aircraft maintenance, handling in airports, IT systems and in-flight catering. Iberia Group airlines fly to over 109 destinations in 39 countries, and a further 90 destinations through code-sharing agreements with other airlines.<ref name="FI" />

On 8 April 2010, it was confirmed that British Airways and Iberia had signed an agreement to merge, making the combined operation the third largest commercial airline in the world by revenue. Shareholders of both carriers approved the deal on 29 November 2010. The newly merged company, known as International Airlines Group (IAG), was established in January 2011, although both airlines continue to operate under their respective brands.

History of British Airways

History of British Airways

British Airways (BA), the United Kingdom's national airline, was formed in 1974 with the merger of the two largest UK airlines, British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and British European Airways (BEA), and including also two smaller regional airlines, Cambrian Airways and Northeast Airlines. The merger was the completion of a consolidation process started in 1971 with the establishment of the British Airways Board, a body created by the British government to control the operations and finances of BOAC and BEA, which initially continued to exist as separate entities.

British Airways acquired the supersonic Concorde in 1976, operating it on transatlantic services. The same year it assumed sole operation of international flights to North America and Southeast Asia from rival British Caledonian. The formation of Virgin Atlantic in 1984 began a tense rivalry, which led to "one of the most bitter and protracted libel actions in aviation history".

Under the leadership of Chairman Sir John King and CEO Colin Marshall, British Airways was privatised in February 1987, and in July of the same year, it launched the controversial takeover of British Caledonian. Following privatisation, British Airways entered a period of rapid growth, leading to the use of the slogan "The World's Favourite Airline", and dominated its domestic rivals during the early 1990s. Faced with increased competition and higher costs in the mid-1990s, CEO Bob Ayling led a restructuring effort, leading to trade union clashes; the carrier also invested in regional European airlines, courted international airline partnerships, and attempted a controversial ethnic livery rebranding campaign.

In the early 2000s, CEO Rod Eddington implemented further cost cuts, the retirement of Concorde, and the removal of ethnic liveries. Under Willie Walsh, who became CEO in 2005, British Airways faced a price-fixing scandal, moved its primary hub to Heathrow Terminal 5, and experienced threats of industrial action, leading to a strike in March 2010. On 8 April 2010, it was confirmed that British Airways and Iberia Airlines had agreed to a merger, forming the International Airlines Group, although BA continues to operate under its own brand.<ref name="BA seals long-awaited Iberia deal" /> The combined airline became the world's third-largest carrier (after Delta Air Lines and American Airlines) in terms of annual revenue.

British Airways

British Airways

British Airways (BA) is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom. It is headquartered in London, England, near its main hub at Heathrow Airport.

The airline is the second largest UK-based carrier, based on fleet size and passengers carried, behind easyJet. In January 2011 BA merged with Iberia, creating the International Airlines Group (IAG), a holding company registered in Madrid, Spain. IAG is the world's third-largest airline group in terms of annual revenue and the second-largest in Europe. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and in the FTSE 100 Index. British Airways is the first passenger airline to have generated more than US$1 billion on a single air route in a year (from 1 April 2017, to 31 March 2018, on the New York-JFK - London-Heathrow route).

BA was created in 1974 after a British Airways Board was established by the British government to manage the two nationalised airline corporations, British Overseas Airways Corporation and British European Airways, and two regional airlines, Cambrian Airways and Northeast Airlines. On 31 March 1974, all four companies were merged to form British Airways. However, it marked 2019 as its centenary based on predecessor companies. After almost 13 years as a state company, BA was privatised in February 1987 as part of a wider privatisation plan by the Conservative government. The carrier expanded with the acquisition of British Caledonian in 1987, Dan-Air in 1992, and British Midland International in 2012.

It is a founding member of the Oneworld airline alliance, along with American Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Qantas, and the now-defunct Canadian Airlines. The alliance has since grown to become the third-largest, after SkyTeam and Star Alliance.

US Airways

US Airways

US Airways (formerly USAir) was a major United States airline that operated from 1937 until its merger with American Airlines in 2015. It was originally founded in Pittsburgh as a mail delivery airline called All American Aviation, which soon became a commercial passenger airline. In 1953, it was renamed Allegheny Airlines and operated under that name for a quarter-century. In October 1979, after the passage of the Airline Deregulation Act, Allegheny Airlines changed its name to USAir. A decade later it had acquired Piedmont Airlines and Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA), and was one of the U.S.'s seven transcontinental legacy carriers. In 1997, it rebranded as US Airways.

The airline had an extensive international and domestic network, with 193 destinations in 24 countries in North America, South America, Europe, and the Middle East. The airline was a member of the Star Alliance, before becoming an affiliate member of Oneworld in March 2014. US Airways had 343 mainline jets, as well as 278 regional jet and turboprops flown by contract and subsidiary airlines under the name US Airways Express via code sharing agreements.

The airline had severe financial difficulties in the early 2000s, filing for chapter 11 bankruptcy twice in two years. In 2005, America West Airlines carried out a reverse merger, acquiring the assets and branding of the larger US Airways while putting the America West leadership team largely in charge of the merged airline.

In 2013, American Airlines and US Airways announced plans to merge, creating the largest airline in the world. The holding companies of American and US Airways merged effective December 9, 2013. The combined airline carried the American Airlines name and branding and maintained the existing US Airways hubs for a period of at least five years under the terms of a settlement with the Department of Justice and several state attorneys general. US Airways management runs the combined airline from the American headquarters in Fort Worth, Texas. On April 8, 2015, the FAA officially granted a single operating certificate for both carriers, marking the end of US Airways as an independent carrier. The brand continued to exist until October 2015.

Its first hub was in Pittsburgh, and it operated fortress hubs in Charlotte, Las Vegas, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, and Washington–Reagan.
The final US Airways flight was San Francisco to Philadelphia via Phoenix and Charlotte, operating as Flight 1939 with 1939 commemorating the birth of All American Aviation, which eventually became US Airways. Repainting of US Airways' planes into the American Airlines scheme was expected to take until "late 2016", with new flight attendant uniforms also being introduced in 2016, when US Airways' brand was no longer on its planes, employees or assets; however, its livery with the American Airlines name still remains on several aircraft as a nod to the airline.<ref name=FinalFlight />

Ethiopian Airlines

Ethiopian Airlines

Ethiopian Airlines (commonly referred to as Ethiopian; ), formerly Ethiopian Air Lines (EAL), is the flag carrier of Ethiopia,<ref name="cnn20211006"/><ref name="Ethiopian Airlines expands Nigeria operations" /> and is wholly owned by the country's government. EAL was founded on 21 December 1945 and commenced operations on 8 April 1946, expanding to international flights in 1951. The firm became a share company in 1965 and changed its name from "Ethiopian Air Lines" to "Ethiopian Airlines".

The airline has been a member of the International Air Transport Association since 1959 and of the African Airlines Association (AFRAA) since 1968. Ethiopian is Africa's largest airline in terms of passengers carried, destinations served, fleet size, and revenue. Ethiopian is also the world's 4th largest airline by the number of countries served.

British Airways

agreement was confirmed in April 2010, and in July the European Commission and US Department of Transport permitted the merger and began to co-ordinate transatlantic routes with American Airlines. On 6 October 2010 the alliance between British Airways, American Airlines and Iberia formally began operations. The alliance generates an estimated £230 million in annual cost-saving for BA, in addition to the £330 million which would be saved by the merger with Iberia. This merger was finalised on 21 January 2011, resulting in the International Airlines Group (IAG), the world's third-largest airline in terms of annual revenue and the second-largest airline

United Continental Holdings

it would not pursue a merger with US Airways. The Board of Directors at Continental and United Airlines approved a stock-swap deal that would combine them into the world's largest airline on Sunday, May 2, 2010. The airlines publicly announced the deal the next day. This would re-unite Walter Varney's airlines, which offspring includes Continental and United. Both airlines have taken losses in the recession and expect the merger to generate savings of more than a year. Combined, they fly to some 370 destinations in 59 countries from their ten hubs, and carry passengers a year. Combined revenues will be

Northwest Airlines

DOT approval to begin service to Shanghai from its Detroit hub beginning March 25, 2009. American, Continental, Delta, and US Airways also received new or additional China route authority to Shanghai or Beijing, and United received authority to serve Guangzhou. On April 14, 2008, Northwest Airlines announced that it would be merging with Delta Air Lines to form the world's largest airline. The merger was approved on October 29, 2008. The CEO during the merger of Delta and Northwest was Richard Anderson who was Northwest Airlines CEO from 2001 to 2004. The combined airline uses the Delta name and branding.

Delta Air Lines

emergence from bankruptcy on April 25, 2007, and the subsequent merger with Northwest Airlines. The merger was announced April 14, 2008, and was set to create the world's largest airline. After approval of the merger on October 29, 2008, Northwest continued to operate as a wholly owned subsidiary of Delta until December 31, 2009, when both carriers' operating certificates were merged (the Delta certificate was kept). Delta completed integration with Northwest on January 31, 2010, when their reservation systems and websites were combined, and the Northwest Airlines brand was officially retired. A decade later, the merger success is reflected in

History of Delta Air Lines

world's largest airline under the Delta name. The merger formed the largest commercial airline in the world, with 786 aircraft. The Atlanta-based combined airline will have $17.7 billion enterprise value. The company also stated on April 14, 2008 that it agreed with its pilot union to extend the existing collective bargaining agreement through the end of 2012. The agreement, subject to a vote by the pilots, provides Delta pilots a 3.5 percent equity stake in the created new airline. Northwest WorldPerks was merged into Delta SkyMiles on October 1, 2009. Operating certificates were merged on December 31, 2009. Reservations systems

AMR Corporation

On February 14, 2013, AMR and US Airways Group officially announced that the two companies would merge to form the largest airline in the world. In the deal, which is expected to close in the third quarter of 2013, bondholders of AMR will own 72% of the new company and US Airways shareholders will own the remaining 28%. The combined airline would carry the American Airlines name and branding, while the US Airways' management team, including CEO Doug Parker, would retain most operational management positions. Headquarters for the new airline were consolidated at American's current headquarters in Fort Worth, Texas.

Air Canada

Onex Corp, launched takeover bids for ailing rival Canadian Airlines and Air Canada, spurring Air Canada to submit a competing offer for its largest rival. In January 2001, Air Canada acquired Canada's second largest air carrier, Canadian Airlines, merging the latter's operations, becoming the world's twelfth-largest airline in the first decade of the 21st century. As Air Canada gained access to its former rival's financial statements, officials learned that the carrier was in worse financial shape than was previously believed. An expedited merger strategy was pursued, but in summer 2000 integration efforts led to flight delays, luggage problems and other

British Airways

purchased a 25% stake in the Australian airline Qantas and, with the acquisition of Brymon Airways in May, formed British Airways Citiexpress (later BA Connect). In September 1998, British Airways, along with American Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Qantas, and Canadian Airlines, formed the Oneworld airline alliance. Oneworld began operations on 1 February 1999, and is the third largest airline alliance in the world, behind SkyTeam and Star Alliance. Bob Ayling's leadership led to a cost savings of £750m and the establishment of a budget airline, Go, in 1998. The next year, however, British Airways reported an 84% drop in profits in

Delta Air Lines–Northwest Airlines merger

year before Northwest Airlines declared bankruptcy. Then in 2007 became CEO of Delta Air Lines when the merger took place. On April 14, 2008, both Delta and Northwest Airlines announced that they would merge to create the world's largest airline under the Delta name. The Atlanta-based combined airline will have $17.7 billion enterprise value. The company also stated on April 14, 2008 that it agreed with its pilot union to extend the existing collective bargaining agreement through the end of 2012. The agreement, subject to a vote by the pilots, provided Delta pilots a 3.5% equity stake in the created

History of British Airways

to operate under their current brands. The merger is believed to be worth approximately , the new group has over 400 aircraft and flies to over 200 destinations across the world. As part of the deal, British Airways shareholders took a 55% stake in the company, headquartered in London, with the remainder owned by Iberia. Industry analysts have speculated that the merger makes a three-way tie-in with American Airlines more likely. Across April and May 2010, much of Western and Northern Europe had their airspace closed due to huge density ash clouds from the erupting Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland. It

Libyan Airlines

begun extensive code-sharing and set up joint ground handling, maintenance and catering services, were to merge by November of that year, which was later postponed indefinitely, though. The proposed privatisation and merger with Afriqiyah Airways has also been postponed, despite the fact it was originally planned to be effective in November 2010. The two carriers were later expected to merge in late 2011, however the Arab Spring and poor organisation forced this deal to be postponed many more times. Both airlines are to merge by the first half of 2013, according to Libya's current Interim Transport Minister Yousef el-Uheshi –

China Southern Airlines

have made the resultant airline the largest in Asia. Although there was considerable resistance to CAAC's call to rationalise the industry, in July 2000, the administrative body announced that the ten airlines under its direct management will be merged into three airline groups, revolving around Air China, China Eastern Airlines and China Southern itself. Within a month, China Southern had started absorbing Zhengzhou-based Zhongyuan Airlines, which at the time operated five Boeing 737s and two Xian Y-7 turboprops. The carrier would later merge with Shenyang-based China Northern Airlines and Urumqi-based Xinjiang Airlines to form China Southern Air Holding Co., a

Iberia (airline)

At the time it was estimated the alliance would generate an estimated £230 million in annual cost-saving for BA, in addition to the £330 million which would be saved by the merger with Iberia. The merger was finalised on 21 January 2011, resulting in the International Airlines Group (IAG), the world's third-largest airline in terms of annual revenue and the second-largest airline group in Europe. Prior to merging, British Airways owned a 13.5% stake in Iberia, and thus received ownership of 55% of the combined International Airlines Group; Iberia's other shareholders received the remaining 45%. The merger has been controversial.

Air France

22 June 2000, this expanded into the SkyTeam global airline alliance. On 30 September 2003, Air France and Netherlands-based KLM Royal Dutch Airlines announced the merger of the two airlines, the new company to be known as Air France-KLM. The merger became reality on 5 May 2004. At that point former Air France shareholders owned 81% of the new firm (44% owned by the French state, 37% by private shareholders), former KLM shareholders the rest. The decision of the Jean-Pierre Raffarin government to reduce the French state's shareholding in the former Air France group from 54.4% to 44% of the

History of British Airways

combined under the newly formed British Airways Board, with the physical operations of the separate airlines coming together as British Airways on 1 April 1974, under the guidance of David Nicolson as Chairman of the Board. At the time it was the biggest merger in the aviation industry, creating the world's largest network of routes for the new unified company to harness. In 1975, British Airways was headquartered in the Victoria Terminal in London. Its international division was headquartered at Speedbird House by Heathrow Airport, while its European division was headquartered at Bealine House, Ruislip, Middlesex. The regional division was


Question: The first 5 meetings of which annual international competition were held at Gteborg, Sweden (twice), Baltimore, USA, Birmingham, England, and Vienna, Austria?

fei world cup show jumping final
The FEI World Cup Show Jumping Final

Internationaler Fernschachbund

Geier (Poland) and H.L. van Borgman (the Netherlands) came into the broader management. The 6-board national matches between Germany and Spain, and Germany and Austria were started in March 1931 under the auspices of the IFSB. This was the first step towards the future correspondence chess Olympiads, which from 1935 to the present day have been played on 6 boards. On 30 August 1931 there was a meeting in Dresden where it was stated that 43% of the competitors in the tournaments were not German, thus demonstrating its truly international nature. The majority of countries in Europe, from Portugal to

Elephant Rally

by Ernst Leverkus, who had organized it as meeting for winter-resilient drivers of the well-known Zündapp KS 601 motorcycle-sidecar combination. The KS 601 (the "Green elephant") gave its name to the meeting. Initially from 1956 the meeting took place at the Solituderennen (Solitude) racetrack near Stuttgart. After changing places the organizer, BVDM, took over 1961 and placed the meeting at the Nürburgring. After serious problems and organizational changes in 1978 a transfer took place to the Salzburgring — in the first year still as an emergency meeting with 400 participants, but, starting in 1979, it became a regular meeting. Attendance

Flying Fifteen

in a number of countries, and when John Calvert-Jones traveled from Australia and won the UK championships, the stimulus was provided for the move to seek international status. Under the guidance of Tom Ratcliffe, an International Federation of Flying Fifteen Associations was formed by nine countries from four continents. The first world championships were held in Perth, Australia in 1979 and subsequently have alternated between the Northern and Southern hemispheres biennially. The first European Championship took place in Spain in May 2004. Latest information about World Championship venues and results and countries where the Flying 15 is sailed are available

International Brain Bee

chapter competitions are invited to compete in their respective region championships, where they vie for the right to compete in the world championship. Past venues for the world championship include Montreal, Canada; San Diego, USA; Vienna, Austria; Washington, DC, USA; Cape Town, South Africa; Florence, Italy; Cairns, Australia; Baltimore, USA; Toronto, Canada; and Copenhagen, Denmark. Winners at the international level competed against representatives from other nations. Winners at the national level competed against representatives from other states. Local brain bees take place in their respective states, while the National Brain Bee in the United States is usually held in Baltimore,

Antrim International Cross Country

in 2009, when it became known as the Antrim International Cross Country. In addition to having been held at numerous venues, the competition has been known under a large variety of names. It was called the Mallusk Crosscountry between 1977–1991, except a brief change to the Brooks International Crosscountry in 1989. The meeting was frequently renamed for sponsorship reasons, becoming the Milk International in 1986, the Reebok International Crosscountry in 1992 and 1993, the Ulster Milk Games International in 1994, the Coca-Cola International Crosscountry from 1995–1999 and finally the Fila International Crosscountry for 2000–01. During the meeting's time at Stormont

Double (association football)

Double (association football)

The Double, in association football, is the achievement of winning a country's top tier division and its primary cup competition in the same season. The lists in this article examine this definition of a double, while derivative sections examine much less frequent, continental instances. "The Double" can also mean beating a team both home and away in the same league season, a feat often noted as "doing the double" over a particular opponent.

The first club to achieve a double was Preston North End in 1889, winning the FA Cup and The Football League in the inaugural season of the league.

The team that holds the record for the most doubles is Linfield of Northern Ireland, with a total of 25.

List of bicycle-sharing systems

List of bicycle-sharing systems

This is a list of bicycle-sharing systems, both docked and dockless. As of December 2016, roughly 1000 cities worldwide have bike-sharing programs.
Section::::Bicycle sharing systems.
The following table lists bicycle-sharing systems around the world. Most systems listed allow users to pick up and drop off bicycles at any of the automated stations within the network.

The Velvet Rope Tour

The Velvet Rope Tour

The Velvet Rope Tour was the third concert tour by American recording artist Janet Jackson. Launched in support of her sixth studio album "The Velvet Rope" (1997), the tour visited Europe, North America, Japan, New Zealand, Africa, and Australia. Jackson was inspired to create an autobiographical show using elements of Broadway theatre, portraying her struggle with depression and self-esteem. The tour's stage production was developed as a storybook setting, allowing spectators to cross beyond her "velvet rope" and experience her life story through the evolution of her musical career. It consists of twenty-six songs, several band interludes, and intense choreography along with nine costume changes and four sets. Jackson depicts themes such as burlesque and domestic violence among the show's complex production of pyrotechnics and theatrics.

Its setlist was composed of a wide array of Jackson's discography, focusing on new material in addition to medleys of previous hits. The tour is divided into five segments, each displaying different themes and settings. In "What About", Its racy visuals and depictions of violence drew controversy. In her rendition of "Rope Burn", Jackson selects a fan from the audience, performing a lap dance and kissing them while strapped into a chair. The show's suggestive promotional ads were banned from a number of publications, the image was reported to cause traffic accidents in Europe. A number of reviews commended Jackson's stage presence as consistently exceptional, noting improvement in her vocal delivery. It broke several attendance records and is the most attended stadium concert of all time in Hawaii. A private show was held in South East Asia by request of Princess Hamidah of the Brunei Royal Family.

HBO broadcast the show during a special titled "The Velvet Rope: Live in Madison Square Garden". It drew over 15 million viewers and was the most watched program among homes subscribed to the network. The special won an Emmy Award, and was also nominated for Image Awards and TMF Awards. It was released on DVD as "The Velvet Rope Tour – Live in Concert", certified platinum in several territories. Various aspects of the tour have influenced numerous performers, including Britney Spears, Pink, Rihanna, Christina Aguilera, Panic! at the Disco, Jay-Z, and Arashi. Jackson notably selected NSYNC and Usher to open for the tour; introducing both to the public during their early careers. It has also inspired the careers of several performers, dancers, and professional choreographers.

Wikipedia:CHECKWIKI/WPC 557 dump

Ico-D

July 1966 in Bled, then in Yugoslavia. R Buckminster Fuller was one of the main speakers at the Congress. At the General Assembly, four key policy documents were ratified: "Rules and Regulations for International Graphic Design Competitions", the "Honorarium for Judges of International Competitions" document and the revised "Code of Ethics and Professional Practice", and the "Code of Contract and Conditions of Engagement for Graphic Designers". , head of design at Phillips in Eindhoven, was elected President and Pieter Brattinga from the Netherlands, Secretary-General. The first student seminar was also held in Bled from 11–13 July 1966 and the theme

International Cycling Association

show what would have happened had gold, bronze and silver medals been awarded to the first three. The following championships were run in Antwerp, Cologne, Copenhagen, Glasgow, Vienna and Montreal. "After a modest start in the early 1890s," said the British cycling official George Herbert Stancer, "[the ICA] achieved considerable success, eventually gaining the support of all the important sport-controlling bodies in the cycling world. But he went on: France's objection was that Britain had more than one vote and more than one team in championships. The NCU represented only England and the associations of the other individual nations that

British Rock Meeting

British Rock Meeting The British Rock Meeting was a recurring outdoor rock festival usually held in Germany. The first British Rock Meeting was held in 1971 and was a 2-day, 2-city event, with the bands playing in both Speyer, Germany and Vienna, Austria. The second, in 1972, was a 3-day festival held in Germersheim, Germany, with over 70,000 attendees. Some of the bands showcased at these events included Deep Purple, Rory Gallagher, Pink Floyd, Uriah Heep, Status Quo, Fleetwood Mac and Rod Stewart. The whole affair was heavily sponsored by the American Army (50-70% of the audiences consisted of G.I.'s).

Internationaler Fernschachbund

1929/30; II.Eduard Dyckhoff (Germany), 1930/1; III.Arthur Priwonitz (Germany), 1931/2; IV.Hans Müller (Austria), 1932/3; V.Marcel Duchamp (France), 1933/4; VI.Hilding Persson (Sweden), 1934/5; VII.Paul Keres (Estonia), 1935/6; VIII.Milan Vidmar (Yugoslavia), 1936/7; IX.Miklós Szigeti (Hungary), 1937/8 and X.Edmund Adam (Germany), 1938/9. . Six months after it was established, the leaders of the IFSB met again, in Duisburg on 21 July 1929. There were now over 100 individual members. Another meeting was held in Hamburg on 26 July 1930. Here K. Allmendinger and Dr. E. Dyckhoff, both German, joined the governing body, and F. Kunert (Austria), M. Seibold (Germany), Dr. K. Schørring (Denmark), V.

Jackson metropolitan area, Mississippi

competition eventually expanded to rotating annual events in Varna, Moscow and Tokyo. In 1979 the event first came to the United States in Jackson, Mississippi, where it now returns every four years. The rotation is currently among Jackson, Varna, Helsinki, Finland and Shanghai, China. These first competitions were given sanction by the International Dance Committee of UNESCO's International Theater Institute. Today, international ballet competitions flourish worldwide, and the USA IBC in Jackson remains one of the oldest and most respected competitions in the world. In 1982, the United States Congress passed a Joint Resolution designating Jackson as the official home

Contesting

operate a single contest from similar stations in one compact geographic area. Twenty-two teams of two operators each represented fifteen countries, and included some top competitors from the Soviet Union and nations of the former Eastern Bloc for whom the trip was their first to a western nation. Subsequent WRTC events have been held in 1996 (San Francisco, California, United States), 2000 (Bled, Slovenia), 2002 (Helsinki, Finland), and 2006 (Florianópolis, Brazil). The closest thing to a world championship in the sport of contesting, WRTC 2010 took place in Moscow, Russia. The 2014 event will by hosted in New England. There

USA International Ballet Competition

resolution designating Jackson, Mississippi, as the official home of the USA International Ballet Competition. Competitions occur every four years in Olympic style. The International Ballet Competition (IBC) originated in Varna, Bulgaria in 1964. The competition eventually expanded to rotating annual events in Varna, Moscow and Tokyo. In 1979 the event first came to the United States in Jackson, Mississippi, where it now returns every four years. The rotation is currently among Jackson, Varna, New York, Helsinki, and Shanghai. A number of other international competitions are also sanctioned by UNESCO International Dance Council. After a distinguished career as a teacher in

International Collegiate Programming Contest

finals, out of 6700 total teams competing in the earlier rounds. The St. Petersburg Institute of Fine Mechanics and Optics won their second world championship. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Izhevsk State Technical University, and Lviv National University also received gold medals. The 2009 ACM-ICPC World Finals were held in Stockholm, Sweden, April 18–22, at the campus of the hosting institution, KTH - The Royal Institute of Technology, as well as at the Grand Hotel, the Radisson Strand, and the Diplomat Hotel. There were 100 teams from over 200 regional sites competing for the World Championship. The St. Petersburg Institute of

Hermann Duckek

Gothenburg and Del Mar/USA, 1993 Gothenburg and s’Hertogenbosch/Netherlands, 1994 Gothenburg and s’Hertogenbosch/Netherlands, 1995 Gothenburg and Los Angeles/USA, 1996 Gothenburg and Genève/Switzerland, 1997 Gothenburg and s’Hertogenbosch/Netherlands, 1998 Gothenburg and Helsinki/Finland; World Cup final jumping: 2000 Las Vegas, USA; Annual international competitions: Aachen, Dortmund, Berlin, Wiesbaden, Bremen, Hamburg, Düsseldorf, Stuttgart, Frankfurt, Donaueschingen, Spangenberg, Gera, Kiel and Neumünster in Germany, New York/USA, Toronto/Canada, Zürich and Genève/Switzerland, Oberanven/Luxemburg, Sevilla/Spain, St. Petersburg/Russia, Dublin/Ireland; Others: Münster, Bad Salzuflen, Bad Honnef in Germany, Flyinge/Sweden, Modena/Italy, Punchestown/Ireland, Lugano/Switzerland, Monterrey/Mexico, São Paulo/Brazil, Hamilton/Bermuda. The lost Gold Medal The Olympic Games were held in Montréal, Canada in 1976. The Olympic

Amateur radio direction finding

in the 1950s. The first European Championship in the sport was held in 1961 in Stockholm, Sweden. Four additional international championships were held in Europe in the 1960s, and three more were held in the 1970s. The first World Championship was held in 1980 in Cetniewo, Poland, where competitors from eleven European and Asian countries participated. World Championships have been generally held in even-numbered years since 1984, although there was no World Championship in 1996, and there was a World Championship in 1997. Asian nations began sending national teams to international events in 1980, and teams from nations in Oceania

Internationaler Fernschachbund

Johansson and Dr. Rey also fulfilled this task. On 22 April 1934, the Federation's governing body met for the sixth time and there was the first meeting of IFSB members in Berlin. The most important issue was the correspondence chess Olympiad for European countries. This started in January 1935 with the preliminaries and final taking five years altogether, and were planned every 5 years. The tournament's chief promoters were Kunert and von Massow, and they also devised the plan for the tournament. A significant change occurred in the management of the IFSB in 1935: The office holders belonging to the

Orienteering

War II, orienteering spread throughout Europe and to Asia, North America and Oceania. In Sweden in 1959, an international orienteering conference was held. Representatives from 12 countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, East and West Germany, Hungary, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia) participated. In 1961, orienteering organizations representing 10 European nations founded the International Orienteering Federation (IOF). Since then, IOF has supported the founding of many national orienteering federations. By 2010, 71 national orienteering federations were member societies of the International Orienteering Federation. These federations enabled the development of national and world championships. World championships were held every two years until

World version W5

in locations like Prague (the Czech Republic), Vienna (Austria), Bratislava, Prievidza, Zvolen (Slovakia), Zagreb and Dubrovnik (Croatia), Ingolstadt (Germany), Budva (Montenegro), Minsk (Belarus), Moscow, Ryazan, Oryol, Kalyazin and many other Russian cities. July 5, 2007 at the rented football stadium located directly on the shores of Budva, Montenegro, W5 held its very first kickboxing event called "Rame uz rame" (Serb.) (Eng. "Shoulder to shoulder"). The tournament was attended by about 5,000 spectators. The main theme of the event was "Russia Vs. Balkan countries". Formally the tournament in Budva was held before the official registration of W5. However, this tournament is

Amateur radio direction finding

and North America began competing in the 1990s. Athletes from twenty-six nations attended the 2000 World Championship in Nanjing, China, the first to be held outside of Europe. As the sport grew in the 1960s and 1970s, each nation devised its own set of rules and regulations. The need for more clearly defined and consistent rules for international competitions led to the formation of an ARDF working group by the International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) in the late 1970s. The first ARDF event to use the new standardized rules was the 1980 World Championship. These rules have been revised and

ICCF Austria

Eduard Dyckhoff and the later Austrian OTB Grandmaster Erich Eliskases. Friendly matches with other countries began in 1930 and they were conducted regularly after 1950. In the first CC-Olympiad of European countries (an idea of Franz Kunert) 1937-1939, the Austrian team with Ernst Grünfeld, Erich Eliskases, Hans Müller, Albert Becker, Karl Poschauko and Hans Haberditz finished the finals in second place : Hungary (20.5) was first, followed by Austria (19.5) Switzerland (16) and then Portugal, Denmark and Germany. After World War II, in 1947, Hans Schmid founded the section for correspondence chess within the Austrian Chess Federation. In the same


Question: "What sort of animal is Beatrix Potter's ""Mrs Tiggywinkle""?"

The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle

time before mechanical means of doing laundry had been invented. She notes that Mrs. Tiggy-winkle has become "synonymous for female hedgehogs and for fastidious housekeepers". M. Daphne Kutzer, Professor of English at the State University of New York at Plattsburgh and author of "Beatrix Potter: Writing in Code" (2003) indicates Potter was venturing into new territory in creating a tale with a large human presence (Lucie). Potter's artistic uncertainty is evident in her attempt to establish a relationship between clothes and the social and animal selves of humans and animals. Mrs. Tiggy-winkle wears human clothing while the neighbourhood animals wear

The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle

The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle is a children's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter. It was published by Frederick Warne & Co. in October 1905. Mrs. Tiggy-winkle is a hedgehog washerwoman who lives in a tiny cottage in the fells of the Lake District. A child named Lucie happens upon the cottage and stays for tea. The two deliver freshly laundered clothing to the animals and birds in the neighbourhood. Potter thought the book would be best enjoyed by girls, and, like most girls' books of the period, it is set indoors with a

The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle

of the countries into whose languages Potter's books have been translated". The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle is a children's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter. It was published by Frederick Warne & Co. in October 1905. Mrs. Tiggy-winkle is a hedgehog washerwoman who lives in a tiny cottage in the fells of the Lake District. A child named Lucie happens upon the cottage and stays for tea. The two deliver freshly laundered clothing to the animals and birds in the neighbourhood. Potter thought the book would be best enjoyed by girls, and, like most

The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle

except for the inclusion of the figures and some minor artistic liberties. Potter included in her illustrations a depiction a small door used to close abandoned mine shafts in the fells. During her explorations of the area she visited farms at Skelghyl and sheep farms in the fells. The model for the preliminary illustrations of Mrs. Tiggy-winkle was Potter's own pet hedgehog. Potter wrote to Warne on 12 November, "Mrs. Tiggy as a model is comical; so long as she can go to sleep on my knee she is delighted, but if she is propped up on end for half

The Tale of Mrs. Tittlemouse

cloak and hood, and a muff and mittens fashioned from the wool. Mrs. Tittlemouse is a key (not a central) character in the tale, but a character incompletely personified, and one whose story Potter chose to develop in 1910. Potter was an unsentimental naturalist who thought no creature either good or bad, and had no qualms describing earwigs in Mrs. Tittlemouse's passage or woodlice in her pantry. Her publisher Harold Warne however had different ideas about what was appropriate for a children's book. He had become accustomed to Potter's unusual choice of animal subjects through the years, but, ever sensitive

The Tale of Mrs. Tittlemouse

the character appeared in the 1971 Royal Ballet film, "The Tales of Beatrix Potter", and, in 1992, her tale and "The Tale of the Flopsy Bunnies" were integrated into a single animated episode for the BBC series, "The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends". "Mrs. Tittlemouse" called upon Potter's keen observation of insects, arachnids, and amphibians, and her youthful experience drawing them. Their depictions in text and illustration reflect her understanding of insect anatomy, colouration, and behaviour; they are rendered with accuracy, humour, and true to their individual natures – she knew that toads only seek water during the spawning

Tabitha Twitchit

Tabitha Twitchit Mrs. Tabitha Twitchit is a fictional anthropomorphic cat who features in the books of Beatrix Potter. She is a shopkeeper and the long-suffering mother of three unruly kittens, Moppet, Mittens and Tom Kitten. The success of her early books enabled Potter to purchase a farm called Hill Top in Cumbria. Among the animals there was a cat called Tabitha Twitchit. In the books, she is shown as standing on her hind legs and wearing fashionable clothes. She and her kittens live in a house based on the Hill Top farmhouse while her shop is based on one in

The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle

her beloved hedgehog and laid her to rest in the garden at the Potter family home at 2 Bolton Gardens, Kensington. The tale has had two dramatic adaptations. In 1971, Sir Frederick Ashton performed the role of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle in the Royal Ballet film "The Tales of Beatrix Potter", which he also choreographed. In 1993, the tale was adapted (with "The Tale of Mr. Jeremy Fisher") as one of six episodes of the animated BBC anthology series "The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends". In the 2018 film "Peter Rabbit", Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle is voiced by Australian singer-songwriter Sia doing a

The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle

She wrote a friend on 1 February 1906, "I am sorry to say I am upset about poor Mrs. Tiggy. She hasn't seemed well the last fortnight, and has begun to be sick, and she is so thin. I am going to try some physic but I am a little afraid that the long course of unnatural diet and indoor life is beginning to tell on her. It is a wonder she has lasted so long. One gets very fond of a little animal. I hope she will either get well or go quickly." A few weeks later Potter chloroformed

The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle

"The Tales of Beatrix Potter". In 1993, the tale was adapted to animation and telecast as an episode of the BBC series, "The World of Peter Rabbit and Friends". In the world of Peter rabbit and friends the story was combined with the tale of Jeremy Fisher, the 7th book in the series. This book, the tale of Mrs. Tiggy-winkle, is the 6th book in the series. It is also the 6th book to be published. A little girl named Lucie lives on a farm called Little-town. She is a good little girl, but has lost three pocket handkerchiefs and

The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle

focus on housework. Potter's pet hedgehog, Mrs. Tiggy-winkle, and Kitty MacDonald, a Scottish washerwoman, were the inspirations for the eponymous heroine. Lucie Carr, a child friend of Potter's, was the model for the fictional Lucie. Potter's Peter Rabbit and Benjamin Bunny make cameo appearances in the illustrations. The Newlands Valley and the surrounding fells are the sources for the backgrounds in the illustrations. Mrs. Tiggy-winkle has been described as one of Potter's most positive creations, but critics consider Lucie an artistic failure. Although "Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle" is set in an identifiable place and time period, the tale is mythologized by reaching

Appley Dapply's Nursery Rhymes

to the black rabbit. Like the first rhyme, the little black rabbit rhyme is of three stanzas accompanied by three illustrations. The third rhyme tells of Old Mr. Pricklepin, a hedgehog, who elsewhere in Potter is identified as Mrs. Tiggy-winkle's uncle. His shining eyes, his wrinkled paws, and his human shoes emphasize their relationship. The single stanza is accompanied by an illustration Potter believed to be the finest she ever produced. As early as 1893 Potter illustrated and made a booklet of "There was an Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe". There, the Old Woman's children are depicted as

The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle

and shed only their skins. Logically, Kutzer points out, all the animals should wear either human clothing or only their skins. She believes Peter Rabbit's blue jacket is used in the tale as a gimmick to remind the reader that other Potter books exist for purchase, and a gimmick that disrupts Potter's artistic intent. If Peter wears human clothing then why do the other animals wear only their skins? The issue of animal clothing versus human clothing is further confused when Mrs. Tiggy-winkle sheds her human clothing at the end of the tale to reveal herself a hedgehog who may

The Tale of Mrs. Tittlemouse

Mrs. Tittlemouse's good health. Helen Beatrix Potter was born on 28 July 1866 in London to barrister Rupert William Potter and his wife Helen (Leech) Potter. She was educated by governesses and tutors, and passed a quiet and solitary childhood reading, painting, drawing, tending a nursery menagerie of small animals, and visiting museums and art exhibitions. Her interests in the natural world and country life were nurtured with holiday trips to Scotland, the English Lake District, and Camfield Place, the Hertfordshire home of her paternal grandparents. Potter's adolescence was a quiet as her childhood. She grew into a spinsterish young

Tabitha Twitchit

"The Tale of Samuel Whiskers, or the Roly-Poly Pudding". Tabitha Twitchit and Ribby were voiced by Rosemary Leach and Patricia Routledge respectively. The "real" Tabitha Twitchit appears in Susan Wittig Albert's "Cottage Tales of Beatrix Potter", in which she is the president of Sawrey's Cat Council. More recently, John Patrick is adapting a number of Beatrix Potter's tales into an upcoming live-action/animated musical feature film for his brand-new film studio, called Storybook Studio. The film will be titled "Beatrix Potter's The Tales of Peter Rabbit and Friends". One of the stories adapted for the film is "The Tale of Tom

Tiggywinkles

Tiggywinkles Tiggywinkles is a British animal welfare charity and veterinary hospital, also known as St Tiggywinkles and The Wildlife Hospital Trust. Tiggywinkles, which specialises in the rescue and treatment of wild animals, was founded in 1983 as the Wildlife Hospital Trust by Les Stocker as the United Kingdom's first wildlife hospital. The name derives from the hedgehog character in Beatrix Potter's story "The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle". It is based at Haddenham, Buckinghamshire, where it operates an animal hospital and visitor centre, and teaches wild animal practice to veterinary surgeons and veterinary nurses. It was formally constituted in February 1983

Tabitha Twitchit

Kitten". Tabitha Twitchit will be voiced by Rosie Kendrick, while Moppet and Mittens will be voiced by child actress Rachel Weiner. Tom Kitten will be voiced by child actress Ella Bradley and Tabitha's visiting friends will all be voiced by Tracy Spencer-Wright. Tabitha Twitchit Mrs. Tabitha Twitchit is a fictional anthropomorphic cat who features in the books of Beatrix Potter. She is a shopkeeper and the long-suffering mother of three unruly kittens, Moppet, Mittens and Tom Kitten. The success of her early books enabled Potter to purchase a farm called Hill Top in Cumbria. Among the animals there was a

The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle

Fayle' instead of the tablecloth marked J.F. If this continues every week, Mr. J. Fisher will have to get married, so as to have the washing done at home. Ruth K. MacDonald, Professor of English at New Mexico State University, past president of the Children's Literature Association, and author of "Beatrix Potter" (1986), views the plot of "Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle" as "thin" and lacking the complications of Potter's previously published "The Tale of Two Bad Mice" (1905) and later books. The tale is held together, she asserts, by its attractive central character, and points out that, like many girls' books of

Tiggywinkles

2nd edition, 2005) and a popular account ("Something in a Cardboard Box: Tales from a Wild Life Hospital", Chatto & Windus, 1989). Beginning in July 2008, Tiggywinkles featured in "Wild Animal ER", a 20-part, half-hour documentary TV series presented by Kate Gerbeau and produced by Two Hand Productions, and shown on Channel Five in the UK. It was also featured in the first episode of "Come Outside" called "Hedgehogs". Tiggywinkles Tiggywinkles is a British animal welfare charity and veterinary hospital, also known as St Tiggywinkles and The Wildlife Hospital Trust. Tiggywinkles, which specialises in the rescue and treatment of wild

The Tale of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle

hedgehog over the years, including an "Giant" model, originally intended for display in stores. All of these were discontinued by 2001, when Eden Toys went out of business. Potter's illustrations of Mrs. Tiggy-Winkle were featured on biscuit tins made by Huntley & Palmer between 1974 and 1978, and on a series of enamel items made by Crummles of Poole, Dorset from 1974 to 1995. These included five different images on four different-sized enamel boxes, as well as an enamel thimble, needle case, and pin cushion. From 1977 to 1995 (when it went out of business), Schmid & Co. of Toronto


Question: "What was the mission of ""Earthview 01: The Founders Flight"" which was launched on 21 April 1997?"

The first space burial
first space burial

WorldView-4

"WorldView-4" was taken on 26 November 2016 and released on 2 December. "WorldView-4" was launched on 11 November 2016 at 18:30:33 UTC from Vandenberg Air Force Base Space Launch Complex 3E aboard an Atlas V rocket. The rocket launched in the 401 configuration with serial number AV-062, and was provided and administered by United Launch Alliance. This is the same rocket that had been scheduled to launch the "InSight" Mars lander, which was delayed until 2018. The rocket had been erected at the Vandenberg launch pad on 16 December 2015 for the "InSight" mission; after the "WorldView-4" mission took the

Space burial

cremated remains into space and returned them to Earth. The first private space burial, Celestis' "Earthview 01: The Founders Flight", was launched on April 21, 1997. An aircraft, departing from the Canary Islands, carried a Pegasus rocket containing samples of the remains of 24 people to an altitude of 11 km (38,000 ft) above the Atlantic Ocean. The rocket then carried the remains into an elliptical orbit with an apogee of and a perigee of , orbiting the Earth once every 96 minutes until reentry on May 20, 2002, northeast of Australia. Famous people on this flight included Gene Roddenberry

Frederick Hauck

in close proximity to a free-flying satellite (SPAS-01). Mission duration was 147 hours before landing on a lakebed runway at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on June 24, 1983. Hauck was spacecraft commander for the second mission of "Discovery" on mission STS-51-A, which launched on November 8, 1984. His crew included Dave Walker (pilot), and three mission specialists, Joseph Allen, Anna Fisher, and Dale Gardner. During the mission the crew deployed two satellites, Telesat Canada’s Anik D-2, and Hughes’ LEASAT-1 (Syncom IV-1). In the first space salvage mission in history, the crew also retrieved for return to earth the Palapa

Steven Hawley

Florida, on its maiden flight and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California. During the seven-day mission, the crew successfully activated the OAST-1 solar cell wing experiment, deployed the SBS-D, SYNCOM IV-2, and TELSTAR 3-C satellites, operated the CFES-III experiment, the student crystal growth experiment, as well as photography experiments using the IMAX motion picture camera. The mission was completed in 96 orbits of the Earth in 144 hours and 57 minutes. Following an aborted attempt to launch STS-41-D where two main engines were stopped shortly after they started because the third failed to start, Hawley is reported to have

Charles Bolden

They also used a variety of cameras, including both the IMAX in cabin and cargo bay cameras, for Earth observations from their record-setting altitude of over 400 miles. Following 75 orbits of Earth in 121 hours, "Discovery" landed at Edwards Air Force Base on April 29, 1990. On STS-45, Bolden commanded a crew of seven aboard , launched on March 24, 1992, from Kennedy Space Center. STS-45 was the first Spacelab mission dedicated to NASA's "Mission to Planet Earth". During the nine-day mission, the crew operated the twelve experiments that constituted the ATLAS-1 (Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science) cargo.

Robert C. Springer

December 1990. Space Shuttle "Discovery" (March 13–18, 1989) was launched from Kennedy Space Center. During 80 orbits of the Earth on this highly successful five-day mission, the crew deployed a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite, and performed numerous secondary experiments, including a Space Station "heat pipe" radiator experiment, two student experiments, a protein crystal growth experiment, and a chromosome and plant cell division experiment. In addition, the crew took over 4,000 photographs of the earth using several types of cameras, including the IMAX 70 mm movie camera. Mission duration was 119 hours and concluded with a landing at Edwards Air

Charles L. Veach

operating a group of instruments which included an ultraviolet astronomical camera, an x-ray telescope, and a liquid helium-cooled infrared telescope which performed landmark observations of the Earth's atmosphere and the Aurora Australis (the Southern Lights). The 8-day unclassified Department of Defense mission aboard the Orbiter Discovery launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on April 28, 1991, and landed at Kennedy on May 6, 1991. STS-52 was a 10-day mission aboard the Orbiter Columbia during which the crew successfully deployed the Laser Geodynamic Satellite (LAGEOS), a joint Italian-American project. They also operated the first U.S. Microgravity Payload (USMP) with

Mike Mullane

served as a Mission Specialist on the crew of STS-41-D which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 30, 1984. This was the maiden flight of the Orbiter "Discovery". During this seven-day mission the crew successfully activated the OAST-1 solar cell wing experiment, deployed three satellites, operated the CFES-III experiment, the student crystal growth experiment, and photography experiments using the IMAX motion picture camera. STS 41-D completed 96 orbits of the Earth in 145 hours before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on September 5, 1984. Mullane then was assigned to STS-62-A, the first Shuttle mission scheduled to

Mark N. Brown

on August 8, 1989. The mission carried Department of Defense payloads and a number of secondary payloads. After 80 orbits of the Earth, this five-day mission concluded with a dry lakebed landing on Runway 17 at Edwards Air Force Base, California on August 13, 1989. Brown next flew on the crew of STS-48 aboard the Orbiter "Discovery" which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on September 12, 1991. This was a five-day mission during which the crew deployed the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) which is designed to provide scientists with their first complete data set on the upper atmosphere's

Jerry L. Ross

Freedom hardware. After 93 orbits of the Earth in 143 hours, 32 minutes, 44 seconds, the mission concluded with a landing on Runway 33, at Edwards Air Force Base, on April 11, 1991. STS-55 "Columbia", was launched from KSC on April 26, 1993. With Ross serving as Payload Commander/Mission Specialist, nearly 90 experiments were conducted during the German-sponsored Spacelab D-2 mission to investigate life sciences, materials science, physics, robotics, astronomy, and the Earth and its atmosphere. Columbia landed on May 6, 1993 at Edwards Air Force Base, Runway 22, after 160 orbits of the Earth in 239 hours and 45

Terence T. Henricks

objective was the deployment of a Defense Support Program (DSP) satellite with an Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) rocket booster. The mission was concluded after 110 orbits of the Earth returning to a landing on the lakebed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on December 1, 1991. STS-55, the German D-2 Spacelab mission, was launched on April 26, 1993, aboard "Columbia", and landed 10 days later on May 6, 1993, at Edwards AFB California. During the ambitious mission 89 experiments were performed in many disciplines such as materials processing, life sciences, robotics, technology, astronomy, and Earth mapping. STS-70 launched from the

Richard O. Covey

launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on September 29, 1988, aboard the Space Shuttle "Discovery". Mission duration was 97 hours during which crew members successfully deployed the TDRS-C satellite and operated eleven secondary payloads which included two student experiments. "Discovery" completed 64 orbits of the Earth before landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October 3, 1988. On STS-38 Covey was the spacecraft commander of a five-man crew which launched at night from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 15, 1990. During the five-day mission crew members conducted Department of Defense operations. After 80 orbits of the

Joseph P. Allen

Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 8, 1984. He was accompanied by Captain Frederick (Rick) Hauck (spacecraft commander), Captain David M. Walker (pilot), and fellow mission specialists, Dr. Anna L. Fisher and Commander Dale Gardner. This was the second flight of the Orbiter "Discovery". During the mission the crew deployed two satellites, Canada's Anik D-2 (Telesat H) and Hughes' LEASAT-1 (Syncom IV-1), and operated the 3M Company's Diffusive Mixing of Organic Solutions experiment. In the first space salvage attempt in history, Allen and Gardner performed spacewalks and successfully retrieved for return to Earth the Palapa B-2 and Westar VI communications

STS-32

of LDEF was filmed with an IMAX camera, and appeared in the IMAX film "Destiny in Space" in 1994. Earth observation footage from the camera also appeared in the 1990 film "Blue Planet". "Columbia" landed safely on 20 January 1990 at 1:35:37 am PST on Runway 22 of Edwards Air Force Base, California. The shuttle had a landing weight of . The roll-out distance was , and the roll-out time was 62 seconds. The orbiter returned to KSC on 26 January 1990. In addition to the Syncom IV-F5 satellite, STS-32 carried a number of mid-deck scientific payloads, some of which

Charles Bolden

and Robert M. Lightfoot Jr. was announced as acting NASA Administrator. On STS-61-C, Bolden piloted . During the six-day flight, crew members deployed the SATCOM Ku band satellite and conducted experiments in astrophysics and materials processing. The mission launched from Kennedy Space Center on January 12, 1986, orbited the Earth 96 times, and ended with a successful night landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California on January 18, 1986. Bolden piloted during STS-31. Launched on April 24, 1990, from Kennedy Space Center, the crew spent the five-day mission deploying the Hubble Space Telescope and conducting a variety of mid-deck experiments.

Robert D. Cabana

Department of Defense payload DOD-1 and then performed several Military-Man-in-Space and NASA experiments. After completing 115 orbits of the Earth in 175 hours, "Discovery" landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on December 9, 1992. STS-65 "Columbia" launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on July 8, 1994, returning to Florida on July 23, 1994. The crew conducted the second International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-2) mission utilizing the long Spacelab module in the payload bay. The flight consisted of 82 experiments from 15 countries and six space agencies from around the world. During the record setting 15-day flight, the crew conducted

STS-51-I

STS-51-I STS-51-I was the 20th mission of NASA's Space Shuttle program and the sixth flight of Space Shuttle "Discovery". During the mission, "Discovery" deployed three communications satellites into orbit. The mission launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 27, 1985, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on September 3. "Discovery" launched at 6:58 am EDT on August 27, 1985. Two earlier launch attempts, one on August 24 and another on August 25, were scrubbed – the first because of poor weather, and the second because the backup orbiter computer failed and had to be replaced. The successful

Steven R. Nagel

170 hours of space flight, "Discovery" landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on June 24, 1985. Nagel then flew as pilot on STS-61A, the West German D-1 Spacelab mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 30, 1985. This mission was the first in which payload activities were controlled from outside the United States. More than 75 scientific experiments were completed in the areas of physiological sciences, materials processing, biology, and navigation. After completing 111 orbits of the Earth, Shuttle "Challenger" landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California on November 6, 1985. On his third flight, Nagel

David C. Hilmers

Space Center, Florida, on February 28, 1990. This mission carried Department of Defense payloads and a number of secondary payloads. After 72 orbits of the Earth, the STS-36 mission concluded with a lakebed landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on March 4, 1990, after traveling 1.87 million miles. STS-42 "Discovery" launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on January 22, 1992. Fifty-five major experiments conducted in the International Microgravity Laboratory-1 module were provided by investigators from eleven countries, and represented a broad spectrum of scientific disciplines. During 128 orbits of the Earth, the STS-42 crew accomplished the mission's primary

Kenneth S. Reightler Jr.

1988. From September 12–18, 1991, he was the pilot on the crew of STS-48. This was the first Space Shuttle flight in support of "Mission to Planet Earth." During the five-day mission, the crew aboard the successfully deployed the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), designed to provide scientists with their first complete data set on the upper atmosphere's chemistry, winds and energy inputs. The crew also conducted numerous secondary experiments ranging from growing protein crystals, to studying how fluids and structures react in weightlessness. After 81 orbits of the Earth, "Discovery" landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California. More recently,


Question: "In literature, what is the word for the events that follow the climax of a drama, literally ""the untying of the complexities of a plot""?"

Dramatic structure

creating normality for the characters and a sense of catharsis, or release of tension and anxiety, for the reader. Etymologically, the French word "dénouement" is derived from the word "dénouer", "to untie", from "nodus", Latin for "knot." It is the unraveling or untying of the complexities of a plot. The comedy ends with a "dénouement" (a conclusion), in which the protagonist is better off than at the story's outset. The tragedy ends with a catastrophe, in which the protagonist is worse off than at the beginning of the narrative. Exemplary of a comic "dénouement" is the final scene of Shakespeare’s

Climax (narrative)

author does not have the same freedom to control the action and "plot" as in works of fiction, the selection of subject matter, degree of detail, and emphasis permit an author to create similar structures, i.e., to construct a dramatization. In the play "Hippolytus", by the famous Greek playwright, Euripides, the climax arrives when Phaedra hears Hippolytus react badly because of her love for him. That is the moment that Aphrodite's curse is finally fulfilled, and it is the turning point of the play. An anticlimax is a situation in a plot in which something which would appear to be

Dramatic structure

a story is the series of events that begin immediately after the exposition (introduction) of the story and builds up to the climax. These events are generally the most important parts of the story since the entire plot depends on them to set up the climax and ultimately the satisfactory resolution of the story itself. The climax is the turning point, which changes the protagonist's fate. If the story is a comedy and things were going badly for the protagonist, the plot will begin to unfold in his or her favor, often requiring the protagonist to draw on hidden inner

Catastrophe (drama)

the latter. René Le Bossu, a 17th-century French critic, divides the catastrophe, at least with regards to epics, into the unravelling, or "denouement", and the finishing, or "achievement"; the latter of which he makes the result of the former, and to consist in the hero's passage out of a state of trouble and agitation, to rest and quiet. This period is but a point, without extent or duration; in which it differs from the former, which comprehends everything after the plot is laid. He adds, that there are several unravellings in a piece, each interconnected. The "finishing" is the end

Dramatic structure

a beginning and an end. There is a knot, a central problem that the protagonist must face. The play has two parts: complication and unravelling. During complication, the protagonist finds trouble as the knot is revealed or tied; during unraveling, the knot is resolved. Two types of scenes are of special interest: the reversal, which throws the action in a new direction, and the recognition, meaning the protagonist has an important revelation. Reversals should happen as a necessary and probable cause of what happened before, which implies that turning points needs to be properly set up. Complications should arise from

The Seven Basic Plots

in a single clarifying event. The majority of romance films fall into this category. Examples: "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "Much Ado About Nothing", "Twelfth Night", "Bridget Jones's Diary", "Music and Lyrics", "Sliding Doors", "Four Weddings and a Funeral". Definition: The protagonist's character flaw or great mistake which is their undoing. Their unfortunate end evokes pity at their folly and the fall of a fundamentally good character. Examples: "Macbeth", "The Picture of Dorian Gray", "Carmen", "Bonnie and Clyde", "Jules et Jim", "Anna Karenina", "Madame Bovary", John Dillinger, "Romeo and Juliet", "Julius Caesar". Definition: An event forces the main character to change

Catastrophe (drama)

characters, nor any discovery or unravelling; the plot being only a mere passage out of agitation, to quiet and repose. This catastrophe is rather accommodated to the nature of the epic poem, than of the tragedy. In a complex catastrophe, the main character undergoes a change of fortune, sometimes by means of a discovery, and sometimes without. The qualifications of this change are that it be probable and necessary: in order to be probable, it must be the natural result or effect of the foregoing actions, "i.e." it must spring from the subject itself, or take its rise from the

Dramatic structure

comedy "As You Like It", in which couples marry, an evildoer repents, two disguised characters are revealed for all to see, and a ruler is restored to power. In Shakespeare's tragedies, the "dénouement" is usually the death of one or more characters. Freytag's analysis was intended to apply to ancient Greek and Shakespearean drama, not modern. Contemporary dramas increasingly use the fall to increase the relative height of the climax and dramatic impact (melodrama). The protagonist reaches up but falls and succumbs to doubts, fears, and limitations. The negative climax occurs when the protagonist has an epiphany and encounters the

Catastrophe (drama)

of the last unravelling. In the twentieth century, J.R.R. Tolkien distinguished between what he called the "catastrophe" and the "eucatastrophe". The eucatastrophe is a classical catastrophe with an unexpected positive outcome for the protagonist. This term was coined to distance itself from the vernacular use of the word 'catastrophe' to signify disaster (which gave the term negative connotations in everyday usage). Catastrophe (drama) In drama, particularly the tragedies of classical antiquity, the catastrophe is the final resolution in a poem or narrative plot, which unravels the intrigue and brings the piece to a close. In comedies, this may be a

Climax (narrative)

being killed without accomplishing his goal, despite what appears to be a turning point for the character. Climax (narrative) The climax (from the Greek word "κλῖμαξ", meaning "staircase" and "ladder") or turning point of a narrative work is its point of highest tension and drama, or it is the time when the action starts during which the solution is given. The climax of a story is a literary element. The punch line of a joke is an analogy for the climax of a fictional narrative, though the absence of any falling action is an essential difference, which may reflect the

Epilogue

franchises until 1988. Epilogue An epilogue or epilog (from Greek ἐπίλογος "epílogos", "conclusion" from ἐπί "epi", "in addition" and λόγος "logos", "word") is a piece of writing at the end of a work of literature, usually used to bring closure to the work. It is presented from the perspective of within the story. When the author steps in and speaks indirectly to the reader, that is more properly considered an afterword. The opposite is a prologue—a piece of writing at the "beginning" of a work of literature or drama, usually used to open the story and capture interest. Some genres,

Act (drama)

made up of complications. These are the things that change the action. These complications lead up to the crisis, this is the turning point. Most of the time, at this point, the major dramatic question has been answered. Finally, there is the resolution. This is the end of the play where everything comes together and the situation has been resolved. This leaves the audience satisfied with the play as a whole. These more specific elements of plot in a play are the main things used to divide a play up into acts and sometimes scenes. Roman theatre was the first

Epilogue

Epilogue An epilogue or epilog (from Greek ἐπίλογος "epílogos", "conclusion" from ἐπί "epi", "in addition" and λόγος "logos", "word") is a piece of writing at the end of a work of literature, usually used to bring closure to the work. It is presented from the perspective of within the story. When the author steps in and speaks indirectly to the reader, that is more properly considered an afterword. The opposite is a prologue—a piece of writing at the "beginning" of a work of literature or drama, usually used to open the story and capture interest. Some genres, for example television

Eucatastrophe

Eucatastrophe A eucatastrophe is a sudden turn of events at the end of a story which ensures that the protagonist does not meet some terrible, impending, and very plausible and probable doom. The writer J. R. R. Tolkien coined the word by affixing the Greek prefix "eu", meaning "good", to "catastrophe", the word traditionally used in classically inspired literary criticism to refer to the "unraveling" or conclusion of a drama's plot. For Tolkien, the term appears to have had a thematic meaning that went beyond its literal etymological meaning in terms of form. In his definition as outlined in his

Climax (narrative)

Climax (narrative) The climax (from the Greek word "κλῖμαξ", meaning "staircase" and "ladder") or turning point of a narrative work is its point of highest tension and drama, or it is the time when the action starts during which the solution is given. The climax of a story is a literary element. The punch line of a joke is an analogy for the climax of a fictional narrative, though the absence of any falling action is an essential difference, which may reflect the nature of humor as opposed to the nature of drama. In non-fictional narrative genres, even though the

Fiction writing

conflict (problem) of the novel is resolved. This sentence comes towards the end of the novel. The main part of the action should come before the climax. Plot also has a mid-level structure: scene and sequel. A scene is a unit of drama—where the action occurs. Then, after a transition of some sort, comes the sequel—an emotional reaction and regrouping, an aftermath. Setting is the locale and time of a story. The setting is often a real place, but may be a fictitious city or country within our own world; a different planet; or an alternate universe, which may or

English words first attested in Chaucer

simplicity, singler, Sirius, skilling, slaked, slead, smoking, smoothness, stadie, starlight, starry, speculation, Stoician, suasion, submit, summit, superfice, supply, sway, sweller, tempest, theatre, theater, thenceforth, thunderer, thunderlight, tragedian, tragedy, tranquillity, transport, troublabla, tumbling, twitter, two-footed, unagreeable, unassayed, unbetide, unbowed, uncovenable, undepartable, undiscomfited, undoubtous, uneschewable, unexercised, ungentle, unhoped, universal, universality, universality, unleeful, unmovablety, unparegal, unperegal, unpiteous, unpiteous, unplight, unplite, unraced, unscience, unsolemn, unstanchable, unstanched, untreatable, unusage, unweened, unwit, unworshipful, unwrap, upheaping, used, variant, vengeress, voluntarily, weening, weeply, withinforth, witnessfully, wood " Anelida and Arcite is a retelling of an old Roman story previously written by Boccaccio. " assure, awaiting, causeless, chair, chantepleure,

Stylistic device

that sound like their meaning, or imitations of sounds. "Example:" "The bees were buzzing" Formal structure refers to the forms of a text. In the first place, a text is either a novel, a drama, a poem, or some other "form" of literature. However, this term can also refer to the length of lines, stanzas, or cantos in poems, as well as sentences, paragraphs, or chapters in prose. Furthermore, such visible structures as dialogue versus narration are also considered part of formal structure. The storyline is the chronological account of events that follow each other in the narrative. Plot includes

Playwright

BC. Such notables as Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes established forms still relied on by their modern counterparts. For the ancient Greeks, playwriting involved "poïesis", "the act of making". This is the source of the English word "poet". In the 4th century BCE, Aristotle wrote his "Poetics", the first play-writing manual. In this famous text, Aristotle established the principle of action or "praxis" as the basis for all drama. He then included a hierarchy of elements for the drama beginning with plot ("μύθος mythos"), character ("ἔθος ethos"), thought ("dianoia"), diction ("lexis"), music ("melodia"), and spectacle ("opsis"). The ends of drama

Cell phone novel

simple and delicate language; cliffhangers and dramatic dialogue emphasized by the unseen or omitted becomes a vital part of the reading experience, allowing deeper meanings and interpretations to unfold. Because of the use of poetic language, mood, emotions and internal thoughts are stimulated in the reader easily. Dramatic and drastic plots takes readers through twists and turns, cliffhanger after cliffhanger, always keeping the reader waiting for the next chapter instalment. The nature of writing and reading on the go, creates a unique experience, allowing the writer and reader to approach literature in a different way, opening interactivity between the readers


Question: What was the largest passenger ship by gross tonnage when she took her maiden voyage on 4 June 2006?

Freedom of the Sea
freedom of seas
freedom of sea
Freedom of the Seas
Freedom of the Seas (disambiguation)
freedom of seas disambiguation

Big Four (White Star Line)

maiden voyage on 26 July. She was shorter than the "Oceanic" but was still longer than the "Great Eastern". After "Celtic" was completed, she was the biggest ship in the world at 21,035 gross tons. The project was followed by the , which was launched on 21 August 1902 and made her maiden voyage on 11 February 1903. At the time she was launched she was the biggest moving object ever built at 21,073 gross tons. The project was followed by the , which was launched on 21 November 1903 and made her maiden voyage on 29 June 1904. She

Big Four (White Star Line)

was the largest ship in the world at 23,876 gross tons until 1905, when the HAPAG's 24,581 gross ton surpassed her in tonnage. The popularity of White Star's Big Four was eventually overtaken by Cunard's and , both of which were larger than the , at 24,541 gross tons the largest and also the fastest of the Big Four, but which was superseded in size before her launch by the "Lusitania". Lastly the Red Star Line's , at a more economical 17,000 tons, was a virtual sister ship to the Big Four in her layout and dimensions. "Lapland" was also

Passenger ship

the "Freedom of the Seas" of the Royal Caribbean line as the largest passenger ship ever built; however, "QM2" still hold the record for the largest ocean liner. The "Freedom of the Seas" was superseded by the "Oasis of the Seas" in October 2009. Because of changes in historic measurement systems, it is impossible to make meaningful and accurate comparisons of ship sizes over time beyond length. Three alternative forms of measurement are ship "volume", "weight", and weight of water it "displaces". A fourth, "deadweight tonnage" (DWT), is a measure of how much mass a ship can safely carry, and

MS Ben-my-Chree

Vernon Kinley, "Ben-my-Chree" entered service on 5 July 1998, Tynwald Day - the Isle of Man's national holiday. At a gross tonnage of around 12,000, she was the largest ship to enter service with the company. The vessel received a lot of criticism due to her low passenger capacity of 500 (carrying no more than 350 per sailing), and the fact she had no open deck for passengers. The company insisted this was a "comfort level" for the vessel's size. In 2004, the vessel underwent a refit carried out by Cammell Laird to increase passenger capacity with the addition of

MS Explorer of the Seas

her the world's largest passenger ship. She held that record until being overtaken by in 2002. In early 2015, "Explorer of the Seas" received major upgrades, including the replacement of the inline skating rink with a Flowrider surfing simulator and increasing her tonnage to 138,194 GT. The ship's godmother is American athlete Jackie Joyner-Kersee. In fall 2014, she sailed 5 to 9 day Caribbean cruises out of Port Canaveral, Florida. After dry-dock refurbishment in the spring of 2015, "Explorer" began to sail Northern Europe, Mediterranean, and Madeira, Azores and Canary Islands itineraries out of Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom. From November

MS Freedom of the Seas

MS Freedom of the Seas

MS "Freedom of the Seas" is a cruise ship operated by Royal Caribbean International. She is the namesake of Royal Caribbean's , and can accommodate 3,634 passengers and 1,300 crew <ref name=FreedomFacts /> on fifteen passenger decks. The vessel also has 4 crew decks below the waterline. "Freedom of the Seas" was the largest passenger ship ever built (by gross tonnage) from 2006 until construction of her sister ship, in 2007.

SS France (1960)

SS France (1960)

SS "France" was a Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (CGT, or French Line) ocean liner, constructed by the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard at Saint-Nazaire, France, and put into service in February 1962. At the time of her construction in 1960, the vessel was the longest passenger ship ever built, a record that remained unchallenged until the construction of the in 2004.

"France" was later purchased by Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) in 1979, renamed SS "Norway and underwent significant modifications to refit her for cruising duties. She was renamed SS "Blue Lady and sold to be scrapped in 2005, and scrapping was completed in late 2008.

Costa Concordia

Costa Concordia

Costa Concordia () was a cruise ship operated by Costa Crociere. She was the first of her class, followed by sister ships "Costa Serena", "Costa Pacifica", "Costa Favolosa" and "Costa Fascinosa", and "Carnival Splendor" built for Carnival Cruise Line. When the 114,137-ton "Costa Concordia" and her sister ships entered service, they were among the largest ships built in Italy until the construction of the s.

On 13 January 2012 at 21:45, "Costa Concordia" struck a rock in the Tyrrhenian Sea just off the eastern shore of Isola del Giglio. This tore open a gash on the port side of her hull, which soon flooded parts of the engine room, cutting power from the engines and ship services. As water flooded in and the ship listed, she drifted back towards the island and grounded near shore, then rolled onto her starboard side, lying in an unsteady position on a rocky underwater ledge.

The evacuation of "Costa Concordia" took over six hours, and of the 3,229 passengers and 1,023 crew known to have been aboard, 32 died. Francesco Schettino, the ship's captain at that time, was tried and found guilty of manslaughter, causing a maritime accident, and abandoning his ship. The wreck was salvaged three years after the incident and then towed to the port of Genoa, where she was scrapped.

Queen Mary 2

Queen Mary 2

RMS "Queen Mary 2 (also referred to as the QM2") is a British transatlantic ocean liner. She has served as the flagship of Cunard Line since succeeding "Queen Elizabeth 2" in 2004. As of 2022, "Queen Mary 2" is the only ocean liner (as opposed to a cruise ship) still in service.

The ship was officially named "Queen Mary 2" by Queen Elizabeth II in 2004 after the first of 1936. "Queen Mary" had in turn been named after Mary of Teck, consort of King George V. With the retirement of "Queen Elizabeth 2" in 2008, "Queen Mary 2" is the only transatlantic ocean liner in regular service between Southampton, England, and New York City, United States. The ship is also used for cruising, including an annual world cruise.

She was designed by a team of British naval architects led by Stephen Payne, and was constructed in France by Chantiers de l'Atlantique. At the time of her construction, "Queen Mary 2" was the longest, at , and largest, with a gross tonnage of , passenger ship ever built. She no longer holds these records after the construction of Royal Caribbean International's (a cruise ship) in April 2006, but remains the largest ocean liner ever built.

"Queen Mary 2" was intended for regular scheduled crossings of the Atlantic Ocean; the final construction cost was approximately $300,000 per berth. The cost was increased by the high quality of materials; having been designed as an ocean liner, 40% more steel was required than for a standard cruise ship. "Queen Mary 2" has a maximum speed of just over and a cruising speed of , which is faster than a contemporary cruise ship. Instead of the common diesel-electric configuration, "Queen Mary 2" uses integrated electric propulsion to achieve her top speed. Diesel engines, augmented by gas turbines, are used to generate electricity for electric motors for propulsion and for on-board use.

"Queen Mary 2"'s facilities include fifteen restaurants and bars, five swimming pools, a casino, a ballroom, a theatre, and the first planetarium at sea.

Freedom-class cruise ship

Freedom-class cruise ship

The "Freedom" class is a group of three cruise ships for Royal Caribbean International. The first ship of the class, , was the largest passenger ship in the world, and the largest ever built in terms of passenger capacity and gross tonnage, when it was built in 2006. These two records were then shared by all three ships until the construction of was completed in November 2009.

"Freedom of the Seas" left Aker Finnyards Turku Shipyard, Finland on 24 April 2006 and started regular sailings out of Miami the next month. The second ship of the class, , sailed on its maiden voyage on 19 May 2007. The third ship of the class, , was delivered and started work out of Southampton in April 2008.

White Star Line

Her overall passenger capacity was also identical to that of "Baltic" at 2,850, but with differences in capacities for each class, with First Class increased to 450, Second Class increased to 500 and Third Class scaled back to 1,900. Unlike her sisters however, she was unable to attain the title of world's largest ship at the time of her completion, as her 24,451 gross tonnage was just barely outmatched by Hamburg Amerika's "Kaiserin Auguste Victoria", which measured at 24,581 tons and entered service four months prior to the launch of "Adriatic". She would, however, rank briefly as the largest British-built

SS Leviathan

retained much of her prewar splendor of Edwardian, Georgian, Louis XVI styles now merged with modern 1920s touches. The biggest deviation was an art deco night club supplanting the original Verandah Cafe. And in June 1923 she was given back to the Shipping Board. "Leviathan"s measured tonnage had increased to 59,956.65 GRT and her speed trials showed an average of 27.48 knots. Thanks in part to Gibbs' clever accounting and the Gulf stream, she had become the world's largest and fastest ship. A claim that was immediately challenged by the Cunard Line who reminded them their RMS "Mauretania" (1906) still

SS France (1961)

her back the title of largest passenger ship in the world, from the 73,000-ton MS "Sovereign of the Seas"), her passenger capacity to 2,565, and gave her a competitive edge against newer ships being built at that time which featured more and more private balcony suites for their passengers. But ship aficionados were incensed that these new decks, built with very rectilinear lines to accommodate the prefabricated cabin units within, ruined the original sweeping lines of the "France", and made the "Norway" appear top-heavy. The "France's" interiors were where the ship displayed its purpose as a showcase of modern French

SS Belgenland (1914)

to be given this name. She was given a superstructure four decks in height and a third smokestack. Her tonnage was increased to over 27,000 gross tons, making her Red Star’s largest and most luxurious ship. She remained on her route for a decade, and occasionally spent time on extensive world and winter cruises. On 4 December 1924 she embarked on a 133-day world cruise — one of the longest attempted by a luxury liner at the time - advertised as "The Largest Ship to Circle the Globe". One of her most famous passengers was Albert Einstein. Returning to Germany

HMHS Britannic

her dimensions were altered whilst still on the building stocks after the "Titanic" disaster. With a gross tonnage of 48,158, she surpassed her sisters in terms of size (volume), but that did not make her the largest passenger ship in service at that time; the German SS "Vaterland" was significantly bigger. The ship was propelled by a mixed system already tested on her sisters: two triple expansion steam engines powered the three-bladed starboard and port wing propellers while a steam turbine used steam exhausted from the two reciprocating engines to power the central four-bladed propeller. She could reach a speed

MS Freedom of the Seas

"Freedom" however is the larger ship in terms of gross tonnage. While its gross tonnage was estimated to range from to , its official rating by Det Norske Veritas, a Norwegian marine classification society, is , compared with "QM2's" . "Freedom of the Seas" had the highest gross tonnage of any passenger ship yet built, until the 2009 completion of MS "Oasis of the Seas", the 2010 completion of MS "Allure of the Seas", the 2016 completion of the MS Harmony of the Seas, and the 2018 completion of the MS Symphony of the Seas. The ship has four bow

RMS Cedric

tonnage, which was quite an accomplishment, considering Brunel's giant ship held the size record for almost 40 years. Except for the "Adriatic" all of these in turn, when built, would be the largest ship in the world for a short time. RMS "Cedric" was a 21,035-gross ton ship, long and abeam, with two funnels, four masts, two propellers and a service speed of . There was accommodation for 365 first-, 160 second- and 2352 third-class passengers, and a crew of about 350. She was launched in Belfast on 21 August 1902, in a private ceremony which included several guests, amongst

RMS Majestic (1914)

RMS Majestic (1914) RMS "Majestic was a White Star ocean liner working on the North Atlantic run, originally launched in 1914 as the Hamburg America Line liner SS "Bismarck. At 56,551 gross register tons, she was the largest ship in the world until completion of in 1935. The third and largest member of German HAPAG Line's trio of transatlantic liners, her completion was delayed by World War I. She never sailed under the German flag except on her sea trials in 1922. Following the war, she was finished by her German builders, handed over to the allies as war reparations

SS Columbus (1924)

delayed her completion until 1922. She made her maiden voyage in April 1924. At the time, she was the German merchant marine's largest, fastest ocean liner. She measured 32,581 gross tonnage, was long with 1,750 cabins for luxury, first, second and tourist class passengers. Her maximum speed was 23 knots. "She had been chartered for a number of years by Cooks Travel Agency in New York and cruised into West Indian waters about every two weeks with occasional trips around South America and Africa." She was one of the first liners to have an outside swimming pool installed on her

RMS Queen Elizabeth

was a slightly larger ship, the largest passenger liner ever built at that time and for 56 years thereafter. She also has the distinction of being the largest-ever riveted ship by gross tonnage. She first entered service in February 1940 as a troopship in World War II, and it was not until October 1946 that she served in her intended role as an ocean liner. With the decline in the popularity of the transatlantic route, both ships were replaced by the smaller, more economical "Queen Elizabeth 2" in 1969. "Queen Mary" was retired from service on 9 December 1967, and

MS Liberty of the Seas

and cruises at . "Liberty of the Seas" is the second of the "Freedom"-class vessels. A third ship, , was delivered in April 2008. In 2009, the first in a new of ships measuring 220,000 gross tons displaced the "Freedom" class as the world's largest passenger ships. On April 19, 2007, "Liberty of the Seas" was delivered to parent company Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. On April 22, 2007 she made her first port of call Southampton, on a promotional visit. She arrived at Cape Liberty Cruise Port on May 3, 2007. On May 18, 2007, the ship was christened by

Overseas Passenger Terminal

dock on 7 March 2012 and to date, at a length of 345 metres, remains to be the largest ship to be moored adjacent to the terminal. Shortly after this success, the "Voyager of the Seas" made her maiden voyage to Sydney, docking at the OPT and within a single day, involved a turn-over of 6,600 passengers, the single largest one-day turnover to date. That was until the arrival of the MS "Ovation Of The Seas" in 2016. Whilst the primary operation of the OPT is to serve as a cruise terminal infrastructure building, the 1988 and subsequent renovations have

Ocean liner

1858. In 1858, Brunel built his third and last giant, . The ship was, for 43 years, the largest passenger ship ever built. She had the capacity to carry 4,000 passengers. Her career was marked by a series of failures and incidents, one of which was an explosion on board during her maiden voyage. Many ships owned by German companies like Hamburg America Line and Norddeutscher Lloyd were sailing from major German ports, such as Hamburg and Bremen, to the United States during this time. The year 1858 was marked by a major accident: the sinking of . The ship,

Big Four (White Star Line)

built by Harland & Wolff. The Big Four had a tonnage of 21,035 - 24,541, with the "Baltic" and the "Adriatic" much larger than the first two. However, the Adriatic, which was the largest of the four, was also the only one not to have held the title of largest passenger ship in world. The four ships were propelled by two propellers driven by steam quadruple expansion and reached an average speed of , although their maximum speeds varied. The silhouettes of the four vessels were similar, black hull with red keel and white superstructure. They were provided with four

RMS Mauretania (1938)

sized Cunarder was launched on 28 July 1938 by Lady Bates, wife of the Cunard White Star chairman. She was named "Mauretania" to honour the previous record breaking "Mauretania" which had been retired in 1935. The ship was designed for the London to New York service and was the largest vessel ever to navigate the River Thames and use the Royal Docks. She was also intended to stand in for one of the Cunard Queens when they were undergoing maintenance. "This is a red letter day, not only for me but for Merseyside. The launch of the largest ship that