Question: Nigel Farage is the leader of which political party?

Leader of the United Kingdom Independence Party

leader of united kingdom independence party

Nigel Farage

Nigel Farage Nigel Paul Farage (; born 3 April 1964) is a British politician, broadcaster and political analyst. He has been a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the South East England constituency since 1999 and is a Vice-Chairman of the pro-Brexit organisation Leave Means Leave. He is best known as the former leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) from 2006 to 2009 and again from 2010 to 2016. He co-chairs the Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (formerly "Europe of Freedom and Democracy") group. A prominent Eurosceptic in the UK, he has been noted for his speeches

Politics of the United Kingdom

Jeremy Corbyn with an increased majority. He went on to lead the Labour party at the 2017 election, where they gained 30 seats. Following the vote to leave the European Union, Nigel Farage offered his own resignation as leader, something he had campaigned for since 1992. A leadership contest also took place in the Green Party, which led to the joint election on 2 September 2016 of Jonathan Bartley and Caroline Lucas as co-leaders, who took over the role in a job-share arrangement. Lucas, was previously leader until 2010 and is the party's only MP. Strategic cross-party alliances have been

2010 United Kingdom general election

as the head of the British National Party's online operation then redirected its website to his own on which he attacked the party's leadership. On the morning of polling day, 6 May, the former and later leader of UKIP, Nigel Farage, standing in Buckingham against the Speaker, was injured when a light banner-towing aircraft in which he was a passenger crashed near Brackley, Northamptonshire. Groups of voters waiting in queues at 10 pm were locked out of polling stations in Sheffield Hallam, Manchester and Leeds; and police said one London polling station was open until 10.30 pm, which triggered a

Electoral history of Nigel Farage

Nigel Farage

the big time they were still seen as "unprofessional, amateur and even unacceptable". In an interview, Farage described Baroness Warsi as "the lowest grade Chairman the Tory Party has ever had". He was voted politician of the year by the online service MSN. In May 2013, Farage led UKIP to its best-ever performance in a UK election. The party received 23 per cent of the vote in the local elections, winning 147 council seats, and placing it only 2 points behind the governing Conservative Party and 9 points ahead of the Liberal Democrats. Farage was mobbed by well-wishers as he

Nigel Farage

Nigel Farage

Nigel Paul Farage (; born 3 April 1964) is a British broadcaster and former politician who was Leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) from 2006 to 2009 and 2010 to 2016 and Leader of the Brexit Party (renamed Reform UK in 2021) from 2019 to 2021. He was Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for South East England from 1999 until the United Kingdom's exit from the EU in 2020. He was the host of "The Nigel Farage Show", a radio phone-in on the Global-owned talk radio station LBC, from 2017 to 2020. Farage is currently the Honorary President of Reform UK and a presenter for GB News.

Known as a prominent Eurosceptic since the early 1990s, Farage campaigned for the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union. Farage was a founding member of UKIP, having left the Conservative Party in 1992 after the signing of the Maastricht Treaty, where he was noted for his speeches, and as a vocal critic of the euro currency.

He became the leader of UKIP in September 2006, and led the party through the 2009 European elections, when it won the second-highest share of the UK popular vote, with over 2 million votes. He stepped down in November 2009 to focus on contesting Buckingham, the constituency of the Speaker, John Bercow, at the 2010 general election, and came third. Farage successfully stood in the November 2010 UKIP leadership contest, becoming leader once again after Lord Malcolm Pearson voluntarily stepped down. He was ranked second in "The Daily Telegraph" Top 100 most influential right-wingers poll in 2013, behind Prime Minister David Cameron. Farage was named "Briton of the Year" by "The Times" in 2014. In the 2014 European elections, UKIP won 24 seats, the first time a party other than Labour or Conservative had won the largest number of seats in a national election since the December 1910 general election, pressuring Cameron to call a referendum on EU membership.<ref name="reuters1"/><ref name="theguardian1"/><ref name="spiegel1"/>

In the 2015 general election, UKIP secured over 3.8 million votes and 12.6% of the total vote, replacing the Liberal Democrats as the third most popular party, but secured only one seat. Farage announced his resignation when he did not win the South Thanet seat, but his resignation was rejected and he remained as leader. Farage was a prominent figure in the successful campaign for Brexit in the 2016 EU membership referendum. After the vote to leave the EU, Farage resigned as leader of UKIP, triggering a leadership election, but remained as an MEP. In December 2018, Farage stood down from UKIP. He returned to frontline politics by launching the Brexit Party in 2019. Drawing support from those frustrated with the delayed implementation of Brexit by Theresa May's government, the Brexit Party won the most votes in the May 2019 European elections, becoming the largest single party in the European Parliament.

Reform UK

Reform UK

Reform UK is a right-wing populist political party in the United Kingdom. It was founded with support from Nigel Farage in November 2018 as the Brexit Party, advocating hard Euroscepticism and a no-deal Brexit, and was briefly a significant political force in 2019. After Brexit, it was renamed to Reform UK in January 2021, and became primarily an anti-lockdown party during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequently, in December 2022, it began campaigning on broader right-wing populist themes during the British cost-of-living crisis. Its greatest electoral success was as the Brexit Party, which won 29 seats and the largest share of the national vote in the 2019 European Parliament election.

Farage had been leader of UKIP, a right-wing populist and Eurosceptic party, during its brief heyday as a significant political force in the first half of the 2010s. He returned to frontline politics as leader of a new Brexit Party in the context of the lengthy Brexit process initiated by the result of the 2016 EU referendum, which had been called partly in response to UKIP's influence. The Brexit Party campaigned for a no-deal Brexit, which it described as "a clean-break Brexit". Academic observers described the party as populist. It won high-profile defections from the right-wing Conservative Party, one of the two main parties in the UK, including Ann Widdecombe and Annunziata Rees-Mogg. It also won some endorsements from left-wing supporters of Brexit, including former Respect Party MP George Galloway and former members of the Revolutionary Communist Party. Following the election of leading Brexit campaigner Boris Johnson as leader of the Conservative Party, Farage offered him an electoral pact in the 2019 general election; the offer was rejected, but the Brexit Party unilaterally decided not to stand candidates in constituencies won by the Conservatives in the previous election.

On 31 January 2020, the United Kingdom withdrew from the European Union. The Brexit Party had styled itself as being focused on reform of democracy in Britain, and by May 2020, there were proposals to re-brand it as the Reform Party. The COVID-19 pandemic hit the UK in 2020 and the government imposed a national lockdown to slow the spread of the disease. Farage re-branded the party as Reform UK around the end of the year to focus on anti-lockdown campaigning. He stepped down as leader in March 2021 and was replaced by Richard Tice.

UK Independence Party

Electoral history of Nigel Farage

Electoral history of Nigel Farage

Nigel Farage was a British MEP who stood as a candidate representing eurosceptic parties UK Independence Party (UKIP) and The Brexit Party since 1994. He was a Member of the European Parliament representing South East England since the 1999 election, winning re-election four times. Farage has stood for election to the House of Commons seven times, in five general elections and two by-elections, but has not won any of those elections. He was also a proponent of the UK leaving the European Union in the 2016 referendum, in which the electorate voted to do so by 52% to 48%.

Farage was voted UKIP leader in the September 2006 leadership election, and led them in the 2009 European Parliament election in which his party won the second-highest number of votes and seats after the Conservative Party. He resigned as leader later that year in order to concentrate on the 2010 general election. In late 2010, he was voted leader for a second time after the resignation of Lord Pearson of Rannoch. Farage led UKIP in the 2014 European Parliament election, in which his party won the most votes and seats; this was the first time since the December 1910 general election that Labour or the Conservatives did not get the most seats in a British nationwide election. He resigned as UKIP leader after the 2016 referendum.

The first election to the House of Commons that Farage contested was the 1994 Eastleigh by-election. After standing unsuccessfully for election in the next three general elections, all in a different constituency, he stood in the 2006 Bromley and Chislehurst by-election, in which he finished third with 8.1% of the vote. In the 2010 general election, Farage stood against the Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow, in the constituency of Buckingham, again finishing third with 17.4% of the vote. Five years later, he stood in the general election in the constituency of South Thanet, finishing second to the Conservative Craig Mackinlay, with 32.4% of the vote. He did not stand as a candidate for election in the 2019 General Election.

2015 United Kingdom general election

Nigel Farage

supporter of the successful campaign for a vote in favour of leaving the EU in the UK EU membership referendum. On 4 July 2016, Farage again announced his resignation as leader of UKIP, triggering a leadership election. Diane James was elected to succeed him, but she resigned as leader after just 18 days and Farage became interim leader on 5 October 2016. A second leadership election was held in November, which was won by Paul Nuttall, who thus succeeded Farage. Farage was ranked second in "The Daily Telegraph"'s Top 100 most influential right-wingers poll in October 2013, behind Prime Minister

Nigel Farage

in the European Parliament, and has strongly criticised the euro currency. Farage was a founding member of UKIP, having left the Conservative Party in 1992 after the signing of the Maastricht Treaty. After unsuccessfully campaigning in European and Westminster parliamentary elections for UKIP since 1994, he was elected MEP for South East England in the 1999 European Parliament election. He was subsequently re-elected in 2004, 2009 and, most recently, at the 2014 European parliament election. In September 2006, Farage became the UKIP Leader and led the party through the 2009 European Parliament Election, when it won the second highest share

Nigel Farage

of the popular vote, defeating Labour and the Liberal Democrats with over two million votes. He stepped down in November 2009 to concentrate on contesting Buckingham, the constituency of the Speaker, John Bercow, at the 2010 general election, coming third. In November 2010, Farage successfully stood in the 2010 UKIP leadership contest, following the resignation of Lord Pearson of Rannoch. Farage announced his resignation as leader when he did not win the South Thanet seat in Kent at the 2015 general election, but his resignation was rejected and he remained in his post. In June 2016, Farage was a prominent

Nigel Farage

of the 2015 General Election. UKIP indicated that it would consider taking legal action were the party excluded, in contravention of established broadcast media rules, from televised Party Leaders' debates in advance of the 2015 General Election. The 7-way Leaders' TV debate was broadcast by ITV on 2 April 2015 from MediaCityUK, Salford Quays. Of three polls taken immediately afterwards, the ComRes poll had Farage as joint winner, alongside Labour's Ed Miliband and Conservative David Cameron. In March 2015, Farage declared in his book "The Purple Revolution" that he would step down as UKIP leader should he not be elected

Nigel Farage

march was being cancelled out of concerns it could be hijacked by the far-right groups English Defence League and the British National Party. The next day, Paul Nuttall became the new UKIP party leader after Farage decided to step aside to strengthen his relationship with US President-elect Donald Trump. In a May 2016 interview with Robert Peston, Farage said that, whilst he had reservations on the views and character of 2016 Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump, if he were an eligible US voter he would vote for Trump in 2016 presidential election, to prevent Hillary Clinton becoming president. In July

Nigel Farage

Square in London. Farage is a Christian. In 2014 he described himself as a "somewhat lapsed" member of the Church of England. In April 2018, Farage said that his two youngest children have both British and German passports and that they speak "perfect German". Nigel Farage Nigel Paul Farage (; born 3 April 1964) is a British politician, broadcaster and political analyst. He has been a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the South East England constituency since 1999 and is a Vice-Chairman of the pro-Brexit organisation Leave Means Leave. He is best known as the former leader of

reinstated as interim leader. A second leadership election was held in November, which was won by Paul Nuttall. Suggested potential candidates at the time of Nigel Farage's resignation included Paul Nuttall, Steven Woolfe, Suzanne Evans, Diane James, Peter Whittle, Douglas Carswell and Patrick O'Flynn, among others. Farage stated he would not endorse any candidate. Evans was ineligible at the time, because she had been suspended from the party. She declared that she desired her suspension lifted so that she could stand for the leadership. Evans did not, however, at the time pursue an appeal, which is the only means under

Nigel Farage

re-entering the ensuing leadership contest. On 11 May 2015, it was announced that Farage would continue to serve as the party's leader, with the BBC reporting: "Party chairman Steve Crowther said the national executive committee believed the election campaign had been a ‘great success’ and members had ‘unanimously’ rejected Mr Farage's letter of resignation". Interviewed about his continued leadership by the BBC the following day, Farage said: "I resigned. I said I'd resign. I turned up to the NEC meeting with letter in hand fully intending to carry that through. They unanimously said they didn't want me to do that,

Nigel Farage

election campaign but did not air it. Farage, then head of the UKIP's South East office, asked for a video and had friends make copies which were sold for £5 through the UKIP's magazine. Surrey Trading Standards investigated and Farage admitted the offence. Farage was the leader of the 24-member UKIP contingent in the European Parliament, and co-leader of the multinational Eurosceptic group, Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy. Farage was ranked the fifth-most influential MEP by Politico in 2016, who described him as "one of the two most effective speakers in the chamber". On 18 November 2004, Farage announced

Nigel Farage

party was "at the centre-ground of British public opinion" and the "real voice of opposition". He said: "We've got three social democratic parties in Britain – Labour, Lib Dem and Conservative are virtually indistinguishable from each other on nearly all the main issues" and "you can't put a cigarette paper between them and that is why there are nine million people who don't vote now in general elections that did back in 1992." At 10pm on 19 October 2006, Farage took part in a three-hour live interview and phone-in with James Whale on the national radio station talkSPORT. Four days

September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election The September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election was triggered after Nigel Farage, the leader of the UK Independence Party, announced on 4 July 2016, following the Leave result in the UK referendum on EU membership, that he would step down when a new leader took office. As more than one candidate ran for the party leadership, it was the first contested UKIP leadership election since 2010; Farage won the 2014 leadership election unopposed. Diane James won with 8,451 votes. However, just 18 days later, she stepped down as leader and Farage was

John Bercow

the main parties at general elections, including the 2010 general election. In September 2009, Nigel Farage resigned his leadership of the UK Independence Party to stand for Bercow's Buckingham seat, asserting, "This man represents all that is wrong with British politics today. He was embroiled in the expenses saga and he presides over a Parliament that virtually does nothing." John Stevens, another candidate, found support for his campaign from the former Independent MP Martin Bell. Bercow also faced opposition from the British National Party and the Christian Party. As Bercow lacked a party endorsement and therefore a campaign team, he

Nigel Farage

UKIP". Writing in "The Spectator", after this resignation when it was thought he was leaving politics, the journalist Rod Liddle described Farage as: "The most important British politician of the last decade and the most successful. His resignation leaves a hole in our political system. With enormous intelligence and chutzpah and a refreshingly unorthodox approach, he built UKIP up from nothing to become established as our third largest party and succeeded in his overriding ambition – to see the UK vote to leave the European Union." Following a legal challenge to the use of the Royal Prerogative to invoke article

Nigel Farage

less than 3,000, and gained over 32% of the vote. He subsequently announced his resignation as the leader of UKIP, citing that he is a "man of his word" since he promised to resign if he did not win his seat. However, on 11 May 2015, the party chairman said they would not accept Mr Farage's post-election resignation because the party's "election campaign had been a great success". A row subsequently developed within the party, in which MEP and campaign chief Patrick O'Flynn described Farage's public image as "snarling, thin-skinned, aggressive" and said he risked turning the party into a

History of the UK Independence Party

29 March, he was expelled from the Conservative Party. The 2009 European elections resulted in UKIP coming second with 16.5% of the vote and 13 MEPs, an increase of one MEP and 0.3% in the share of the vote compared to the 2004 European Elections. In September 2009, Nigel Farage announced that he would be resigning as leader of the party in order to stand for Parliament against the Speaker, John Bercow. The leadership election was contested by five candidates - Malcolm Pearson, Gerard Batten, Nikki Sinclaire, Mike Nattrass and Alan Wood - and was won by Malcolm Pearson with


Question: In which year was the 50p coin introduced into circulation in Britain?

one thousand, nine hundred and sixty-nine

one thousand nine hundred and sixty nine

Fifty pence (British coin)

met none of the other members had any suggestion to make, so when the samples were produced the idea was accepted without opposition. The shape of the original 50p coin has been copied all over the world (with 3, 7, 9 and 11 sides) and the new 20p coin was made in the same shape when it was introduced in 1982. The original reverse of the coin, designed by Christopher Ironside, and used from 1969 to 2008, is a seated Britannia alongside a lion, holding an olive branch in her left hand and a trident in her right, accompanied by

Fifty pence (British coin)

of the Royal Shield, was introduced in 2008. Twenty pence and fifty pence coins are legal tender only up to the sum of £10; this means that it is permissible to refuse payment of sums greater than this amount in 20p and 50p coins in order to settle a debt. As of March 2014 there were an estimated 948 million 50p coins in circulation. In 1967 the Deputy Master of the Royal Mint approached the Decimal Currency Board to ask for their advice on the introduction of a new coin. The 10 shilling note then in use was lasting only

Fifty pence (British coin)

have been seen in circulation. In August 2005 the Royal Mint launched a competition to find new reverse designs for all circulating coins apart from the £2 coin. The winner, announced in April 2008, was Matthew Dent, whose designs were gradually introduced into the circulating British coinage from mid-2008. The designs for the 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p and 50p coins depict sections of the Royal Shield that form the whole shield when placed together. The shield in its entirety is featured on the £1 coin. The 50p coin depicts the lowest point of the Royal Shield, with the words

Fifty pence (British coin)

the portrait by Raphael Maklouf was used, in which the Queen wears the George IV State Diadem. In 1997 the 50p coin was reduced in both diameter and thickness and the older coins were removed from circulation. The design remained unchanged. From 1998 to 2015 the portrait by Ian Rank-Broadley has been used, again featuring the tiara, with a signature-mark below the portrait. In 2008 the obverse design was rotated slightly, to match the new reverse design which is displayed with the heptagon point down rather than point up. As of June 2015, coins bearing the portrait by Jody Clark

Fifty pence (British coin)

either (1969–1981) or (1982–2008) above Britannia, with the numeral 50 underneath the seated figure. To date, three different obverses have been used. In all cases, the inscription is , where 2013 is replaced by the year of minting; the Benjamin Britten coin (2013) additionally has the denomination, , on the obverse, before the year (as the commemorative obverse omits the denomination entirely). As with all new decimal currency, until 1984 the portrait of Queen Elizabeth II by Arnold Machin appeared on the obverse, in which the Queen wears the 'Girls of Great Britain and Ireland' Tiara. Between 1985 and 1997

Fifty pence (British coin)

Fifty pence (British coin)

The British decimal fifty pence coin (often shortened to 50p in writing and speech) is a denomination of sterling coinage worth one half of a pound. Its obverse features the profile of the current Monarch since the coin's introduction in 1969. , five different royal portraits have been used.

Fifty pence coins are legal tender for amounts up to the sum of £10 when offered in repayment of a debt; however, the coin's legal tender status is not normally relevant for everyday transactions.

Coins of the pound sterling

Coins of the pound sterling

The standard circulating coinage of the United Kingdom, British Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories is denominated in pennies and pounds sterling (symbol "£", commercial GBP), and ranges in value from one penny sterling to two pounds. Since decimalisation, on 15 February 1971, the pound has been divided into 100 (new) pence. Before decimalisation, twelve pence made a shilling, and twenty shillings made a pound.

British coins are minted by the Royal Mint in Llantrisant, Wales. The Royal Mint also commissions the coins' designs.

In addition to the circulating coinage, the UK also mints commemorative decimal coins (crowns) in the denomination of five pounds. Ceremonial Maundy money and bullion coinage of gold sovereigns, half sovereigns, and gold and silver Britannia coins are also produced. Some territories outside the United Kingdom, which use the pound sterling, produce their own coinage, with the same denominations and specifications as the UK coinage but with local designs.

Twenty pence (British coin)

Twenty pence (British coin)

The British decimal twenty pence coin (often shortened to 20p in writing and speech) is a denomination of sterling coinage worth of a pound. Like the 50p coin, it is an equilateral curve heptagon. Its obverse has featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II since the coin's introduction on 9 June 1982.<ref name="royalmint"/> Four different portraits of the Queen have been used; the latest design by Jody Clark was introduced in 2015. The second and current reverse (as of 2019), featuring a segment of the Royal Shield, was introduced in 2008.<ref name="royalmint"/>

As of March 2014 there were an estimated 2,765 million 20p coins in circulation, with an estimated face value of £553.025 million. Of this estimated number, between 50,000 and 200,000 of these coins are undated mule coins minted in 2008 after the dies for the old and new designs were accidentally mixed up during the minting process.

Beyond the usual commemorative versions, no 20 pence coins were minted for general circulation in 2017. This was because the concurrent introduction of the new version of the one pound coin had put enough 20 pence (and two pound) coins back into circulation, as people emptied coin jars primarily for the older one pound coin that was due to be withdrawn.

20p coins are legal tender for amounts up to the sum of £10 when offered in repayment of a debt; however, the coin's legal tender status is not normally relevant for everyday transactions.

Decimal Day

Decimal Day

Decimal Day in the United Kingdom and in Ireland was Monday 15 February 1971, the day on which each country decimalised its respective £sd currency of pounds, shillings, and pence.

Before this date, the British pound sterling (symbol "£") was subdivided into 20 shillings, each of 12 (old) pence, a total of 240 pence. With decimalisation, the pound kept its old value and name, but the shilling was abolished, and the penny was revalued, such that the pound was subdivided into 100 of what were originally called "new pence" ("NP"), and later just pence ("p") when confusion was no longer likely. Each new penny was worth 2.4 old pence (abbreviated "d"). A coin of half a new penny was introduced to maintain the granularity of the old penny, but was dropped in 1984 as inflation reduced its value. An old value of 7 pounds, 10 shillings, and sixpence, typically abbreviated £7/10/6 or became Amounts with a number of old pence which was not 0 or 6 did not convert into a round number of new pence. The Irish pound had the same £sd currency structure, and the same decimalisation was carried out.

Pound sterling

Pound sterling

Sterling (abbreviation: stg; ISO code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories. The pound (sign: £) is the main unit of sterling, often qualified in international contexts as the British pound or the pound sterling.<ref name="HbIFT" />

Sterling is the world's oldest currency that is still in use and that has been in continuous use since its inception. It is currently the fourth most-traded currency in the foreign exchange market, after the United States dollar, the euro, and the Japanese yen. Together with those three currencies and Renminbi, it forms the basket of currencies which calculate the value of IMF special drawing rights. As of late 2022, sterling is also the fourth most-held reserve currency in global reserves.

The Bank of England is the central bank for sterling, issuing its own banknotes, and regulating issuance of banknotes by private banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Sterling banknotes issued by other jurisdictions are not regulated by the Bank of England; their governments guarantee convertibility at par. Historically, sterling was also used to varying degrees by the colonies and territories of the British Empire.

New Zealand fifty-cent coin

worth of fifty-cent coins were issued that year. The large amount meant that no further minting occurred until 1971-the longest wait for a second year of production for any of the original decimal coins. In 1986 the portrait of the Queen was changed to the version by Raphael Maklouf which had been introduced to the coins of the pound sterling in the previous year. This portrait remained on the obverse until the current version by Ian Rank-Broadley was introduced in 1999. However, no 50 cent coins were minted for the years 1989 to 2000. In 2006, New Zealand revised its

Falkland Islands pound

½, 1, 2, 5 and 10 pence coins were introduced. 50 pence coins were introduced in 1980, followed by 20 pence in 1982, 1 pound in 1987 and a circulating 2 pounds in 2004. The ½ penny coin was last issued in 1983 and was demonetised shortly after. Smaller versions of the 5p, 10p and 50p, corresponding to the current UK issues, were issued in 1998, replacing the larger versions (which for the 5p was eight years after its introduction in the UK). The introduction of the circulation £2 coin in 2004 was six years after the same coin was

Coins of the pound sterling

been issued with various commemorative reverse designs, typically to mark the anniversaries of historical events or the births of notable people. Three commemorative designs were issued of the large version of the 50p: in 1973 (the EEC), 1992–3 (EC presidency) and 1994 (D-Day anniversary). Commemorative designs of the smaller 50p coin have been issued (alongside the Britannia standard issue) in 1998 (two designs), 2000, and from 2003 to 2007 yearly (two designs in 2006). For a complete list, see Fifty pence (British decimal coin). Prior to 1997, the two pound coin was minted in commemorative issues only – in 1986,

Coins of the pound sterling

from using nickel in coins from 2015. In 2016, the £1 coin design was changed from a round single metal design to a 12 sided bi-metal design, with a slightly larger diameter. <nowiki>*</nowiki> The specifications and dates of introduction of the 5p, 10p, and 50p coins refer to the current versions. These coins were originally issued in larger sizes in 1968 and 1969 respectively. †This coin was originally issued in a smaller size in a single metal in 1986 for special issues only. It was redesigned as a bi-metallic issue for general circulation in 1997. With their high copper content

Fifty pence (British coin)

Fifty pence (British coin) The British decimal fifty pence (50p) coin – often pronounced "fifty pee" – is a unit of currency equalling one half of a pound sterling. It is a seven-sided coin formed as an equilateral-curve heptagon, or Reuleaux polygon, a curve of constant width, meaning that the diameter is constant across any bisection. Its obverse has featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II since the coin’s introduction in 1969. Four different portraits of the Queen have been used, with the latest design by Jody Clark being introduced in 2015. The second and current reverse, featuring a segment

Coins of the pound sterling

the decimal coinage with values of p, 5p and 10p respectively, were finally withdrawn in 1980, 1990 and 1993 respectively. However, the double florin and crown with values of 20p and 25p respectively have not been withdrawn. In the 1990s, the Royal Mint reduced the sizes of the 5p, 10p, and 50p coins. As a consequence, the oldest 5p coins in circulation date from 1990, the oldest 10p coins from 1992 and the oldest 50p coins come from 1997. Since 1997, many special commemorative designs of 50p have been issued. Some of these are found fairly frequently in circulation and

Coins of the pound sterling

10p and 50p coins. The pound coin (£1) was introduced in 1983 to replace the Bank of England £1 banknote which was discontinued in 1984 (although the Scottish banks continued producing them for some time afterwards; the last of them, the Royal Bank of Scotland £1 note, is still in production ). The designs on the one pound coin change annually in a largely five-year cycle. The decimal half penny coin was demonetised in 1984 as its value was by then too small to be useful. The pre-decimal sixpence, shilling and two shilling coins, which had continued to circulate alongside

Fifty pence (Irish coin)

Fifty pence (Irish coin) The fifty pence (50p) () coin was a subdivision of the Irish pound. It was introduced in Ireland on 17 February 1970. It replaced the ten shilling coin when decimalised, and due to this conversion was introduced a year before Decimal Day in 1971. It is a seven sided coin, an equilateral curve heptagon of constant breadth (3 centimetres) and mass 13.5 grams. The sides are not straight but are curved so that the centre of curvature is the opposite apex of the coin - this is an equilateral curve which allows the coin to roll

Five pence (British coin)

unchanged. From 1998 to 2015, the portrait by Ian Rank-Broadley was used, again featuring the tiara, with a signature-mark below the portrait. As of June 2015, coins bearing the portrait by Jody Clark have been seen in circulation. In August 2005 the Royal Mint launched a competition to find new reverse designs for all circulating coins apart from the £2 coin. The winner, announced in April 2008, was Matthew Dent, whose designs were gradually introduced into the circulating British coinage from mid-2008. The designs for the 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p and 50p coins depict sections of the Royal Shield

Coins of the pound sterling

of the 20p coin has also been amended to incorporate the year, which had been on the reverse of the coin since its introduction in 1982 (giving rise to an unusual issue of a mule version without any date at all). The orientation of both sides of the 50p coin has been rotated through 180 degrees, meaning the bottom of the coin is now a corner rather than a flat edge. The numerals showing the decimal value of each coin, previously present on all coins except £2 and £1, have been removed, leaving the values spelled out in words only.

Guernsey pound

the Guernsey cow. As in the UK, 5- and 10-new-pence coins were introduced in 1968, followed by 50-new-pence coins in 1969, before decimalisation took place in 1971 and the ½-, 1- and 2-new-pence coins were introduced. These coins were the same size and composition as the corresponding British coins. The word "new" was dropped in 1977. The £1 coin was introduced in 1981, two years before its introduction in the UK, although the 20-pence and £2 coins were introduced at the same time as in the UK: 1982 and 1998, respectively. The thickness of the 1981 coin was significantly thinner

Twenty pence (British coin)

portrait <br> Twenty pence (British coin) The British decimal twenty pence (20p) coin – often pronounced "twenty pee" – is a unit of currency equal to 20/100 of a pound sterling. Like the 50p coin, it is an equilateral curve heptagon. Its obverse has featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II since the coin's introduction on 9 June 1982. Four different portraits of the Queen have been used; the latest design by Jody Clark was introduced in 2015. The second and current reverse (as of 2017), featuring a segment of the Royal Shield, was introduced in 2008. Twenty and fifty

Pound sterling

the run-up to decimalisation, the halfpenny and half-crown were demonetised in 1969. British coinage timeline: At present, the oldest circulating coins in the UK are the 1p and 2p copper coins introduced in 1971. No other coins from before 1982 are in circulation. Prior to the demonetisation of the larger 10p in 1993, the oldest circulating coins had usually dated from 1947: although older coins (shilling; florin, sixpence to 1980) were still legal tender, inflation meant that their silver content was worth more than their face value, which meant that they tended to be removed from circulation. Before decimalisation in

Coins of the pound sterling

itself was unchanged by decimalisation.) The first decimal coins – the five pence (5p) and ten pence (10p) — were introduced in 1968 in the run-up to decimalisation in order to familiarise the public with the new system. These initially circulated alongside the pre-decimal coinage and had the same size and value as the existing one shilling and two shilling coins respectively. The fifty pence (50p) coin followed in 1969, replacing the old ten shilling note. The remaining decimal coins – at the time, the half penny (p), penny (1p) and two pence (2p) — were issued in 1971 at

Coins of the pound sterling

some are rare. They are all legal tender. The specifications and dates of introduction of the 5p, 10p, and 50p coins refer to the current versions. These coins were originally issued in larger sizes in 1968 and 1969 respectively. With their high copper content (97%), the intrinsic value of pre-1992 1p and 2p coins increased with the surge in metal prices of the mid-2000s, until by 2006 the coins would, if melted down, have been worth about 50% more than their face value. (To do this, however, would be illegal, and they would have had to be melted in huge


Question: "Which artist's name means in translation ""Little Barrel""?"

Botticello
Filipepi
alessandro botticelli
Bottichelli
alessandro filipepi
Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi
Alessandro Filipepi
Sandro Filipepi
di vanni
The Little Barrel
Alessandro Di Mariano
alessandro di mariano di vanni filipepi
di mariano
alessandro di mariano
sandro filipepi
filipepi
little barrel
Alessandro Botticelli
Alessandro Di Mariano Filipepi
boticelli
Botticelli
Allessandro Botticelli
il botticello
Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi
alessandro di mariano del filipepi
Boticelli
alessandro di mariano filipepi
(Sandro) Botticelli
Di Mariano
Alessandro Di Mariano Del Filipepi
Sandro Botticelli
Little Barrel
sandro botticelli
bottichelli
botticello
Il Botticello
botticelli
allessandro botticelli
Di Vanni

Pieter Cornelisz van der Morsch

In the portrait of him painted by Hals, he is shown holding a smoked herring (the word for herring "bucken", or "bokking", has the double meaning of herring and red herring, referring to satiric comments). On the left, the text "Wie begeert?" means "Who wants some?". This phrase accompanied by the little monkey's head holding up his coat of arms in the upper right hand corner refer to his sharp wit and his epitaph, which he wrote himself. This epitaph was "Hier Leyt Piero/die deelde Bucken/En was Hier Bo/Van In te Rucken". Loosely translated this means "Here lies Piero who

Stephen Little

Stephen Little Dr. Stephen Little Ph.D. (born 1954) is an American Asian art scholar, museum administrator and artist. Stephen Little's father was a linguist and cultural attaché for the government of the United States. Little was raised in Indonesia, Cambodia, Burma, and Turkey, not living in the United States until age 11. He initially studied nuclear physics, but changed his major to Chinese art. He received a B.A. from Cornell University in 1975, an M.A. from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1977, and a Ph.D. from Yale University in 1987. He held curatorial positions at the Asian Art

SEO (artist)

for her is essentially German: beer barrels (Gemütlichkeit), garden gnomes (contemplativeness), stags’ antlers (power) and – cows. The latter stand for milk and cheese, as Europeans smell, for Asians, like milk. This is a form of cultural reconstruction, as both cultures are treated on the level of subject matter and style. Also the reconstruction of the emotional structure of a certain era embeds possibilities of new, contemporary insights. More recently SEO has widened her range. In an exhibition, "Personal Structures" at Palazzo Bembo, within the framework of the 2011 Venice Biennale, SEO showed an installation of four of her concentric

Mira Schendel

electronic music that employed vocals drawn from the biblical Book of Daniel. A number of these were included in the 1965 São Paulo Bienal. These drawings included "Droguinhas" (Little Nothings), c. 1965-68, "Trenzinho" (Little Train), 1965, and the "Objetos graficos" (Graphic objects), 1967. For the 1969 Bienal de São Paulo, Schendel created "Ondas paradas de probabilidade—Antigo Testamento, Livro dos Reis, I, 19" (Still waves of probability—Old Testament, I Kings 19), an installation consisting of nylon thread and wall text on acrylic sheet which was Schendel's only work of an environmental nature. On April 19, 1941, Schendel married Josep Hargesheimer, a

Sandro Botticelli

residence (and later another brother, Simone). Here the notable family on the street were the Vespucci, including Amerigo Vespucci, born in 1454, after whom the Americas were named. The Vespucci were close Medici allies, and would become regular patrons of Botticelli. The name Botticelli, meaning "little barrel" came from his brother Giovanni's nickname of "Botticello", "apparently from an unfortunate resemblance". By 1470 a document referred to the painter as "Sandro Mariano Botticelli", and it became his customary surname. From around 1461 or 1462 Botticelli was apprenticed to Fra Filippo Lippi, one of the top Florentine painters of the day, and

Systaime

Systaime Systaime, whose real name is Michael Borras, born 29 January 1973 is a French contemporary visual artist. His name of artist Systaime, chosen in the late 1990s when he was a figurative painter, is the contraction of the words "" and "". They symbolize for the artist the love and understanding that is necessary for a data processing or political system in order to circumvent, divert or subvert it. Former art school student, he is a multidisciplinary French artist and exhibition curator, net.art activist and video jockey. He experimented with painting, GIFs, remixes, Mash Up, blogs, books, CDs, photos,

Stephen Little

Asian ink and wash painting, especially works by the 13th century Chan (Zen) painters Muqi and Yujian. "Bolinas", from 2009, exemplifies this style. Dr. Little's acrylic on canvas painting titled "4.29.09" is in the collection of the Hawaii State Art Museum. Stephen Little Dr. Stephen Little Ph.D. (born 1954) is an American Asian art scholar, museum administrator and artist. Stephen Little's father was a linguist and cultural attaché for the government of the United States. Little was raised in Indonesia, Cambodia, Burma, and Turkey, not living in the United States until age 11. He initially studied nuclear physics, but changed

Willie Little

Willie Little Willie Little (born December 25, 1961) is a conceptual, multimedia, installation artist and storyteller, whose work is strongly influenced by traditions of rural North Carolina. Little was born and grew up on a tobacco farm in Pactolus Township, North Carolina. He carried vibrant childhood memories of life around his parents' grocery store, and, at night, illegal bar, into his artwork. He graduated from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with a degree in Communications. Little then lived in Charlotte, N.C., for 18 years. After a 2002 residency at the Headlands Center for the Arts in California, he

Byung Chul Kim

Kunsthalle Baden-Baden (Germany) to open another temporary “performance hotel” in Baden-Baden as part of the exhibition Room Service. In another project, HumorRestaurant, the guest can earn a meal in exchange for a comic performance. With these actions, the artist counters the monopoly of money in response to the financial crisis. Kim also uses drawing and video as media with which to realise his ideas. Subtle philosophical reflections inhabit these works, such as the cycle Der kleine Künstler (the little artist, cf. list of works in public collections) that use sophisticated humour to address the viewer. The main themes of his

Moshe Gershuni

to be influenced by the East. On the soundtrack that appears here it’s as though I’m sitting there and teaching myself how I ought to sing “A Gentle Hand.” In 1979 a solo exhibition entitled “Little Red Sealings” opened at the “Sarah Levy Gallery.” The exhibition included paper and photographs that had been treated with red paint, a color which was to become significant in Moshe Gershuni’s work in the coming years. The works exhibited a number of artistic influences by citing the names of artists such as the Italian sculptor Medardo Rosso, the Israeli painter Aviva Uri, etc. A

Hurdy-gurdy

rolls, and more recently by electronic modules. The French call the barrel organ the "Orgue de Barbarie" ("Barbary organ"), while the Germans and Dutch say "Drehorgel" and "draaiorgel" ("turned organ"), instead of "Drehleier" ("turning lyre"). In Czech, the barrel organ is called "Flašinet". A person who plays the hurdy-gurdy is called a hurdy-gurdyist, or (particularly for players of French instruments) viellist. In France, a player is called un sonneur de vielle (literally: ""a sounder of vielle""), un vielleux or un vielleur. Because of the prominence of the French tradition, many instrument and performance terms used in English are commonly taken

John Little (painter)

John Little (painter) John Little (born 1928) is a Canadian artist. He primarily paints urban images of his home city of Montreal in oils, in the Fauvist style. After studying at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts and with the Art Students League of New York (where he met Ray Bailley and helped to illustrate the Bruce Gentry comic strip), Little joined his family's architectural practice in 1949, working as a draftsman. After his marriage in 1953 he made painting his primary profession, joining the Royal Canadian Academy in 1961 and becoming a full member in 1973. Little's work is

Alex Sadkowsky

Stadt Tuttlingen 1996 Taylor Galleries, Dublin 1993 "Wer weiss und blau und Geld" ("Who knows and blue and money") Kunsthaus Zurich 1991 Jaski Art Gallery Amsterdam 1986 Galerie Jamileh Weber Zurich 1983 New paintings, drawings and marble sculptures Galerie Jamileh Weber Zurich Release of the CD single "Banktrust" with lyrics by Alex Sadkowsky 1982 Galeria Flaviana Locarno 1981 Kunsthaus Glarus, Instituto Aleman in Guadalajara, Museo Santo Domingo in Oaxaca Mexico 1979 Poster action "Was lieben Sie am meisten an Zürich? Die letzten drei Buchstaben" (What do you like most about Zürich? The last three letters: ich=I/me/myself) 1978 Galerie Jamileh Weber

Little Einsteins

the use of the Einstein name ("Einstein" being a licensed trademark of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem). Despite the usage of Einstein's name, there is no discussion of anything physics-related in the series. "Little Einsteins" was designed to teach the target demographic art and music appreciation by integrating famous or culturally significant art works (usually, but not exclusively, paintings) and classical music (most typically from the Baroque, Classical, and Romantic periods) into the scenery, plot and soundtrack of each episode. The show is also designed to encourage viewer interaction (such as patting their knees, gesturing or singing along to help

Kim Prisu

Kim Prisu Kim Prisu, a pseudonym for Joaquim António Gonçalves Borregana (born 15 November 1962), is a Portuguese painter. After 34 years in France, he once more lives in Portugal. His work combines "Figuration Libre", French street art of the 1980s, digital imaging and Art singulier. Born in Aldeia da Dona, Sabugal, Portugal, he moved to France in 1963 and was educated there. He began making art at the age of 12 with comic strips. In 1977, he started hanging out in Paris, initially interested by rock and other urban music. Not being interested in making music himself, he started

Holger Roed

to exhibit ""Udsigt fra Knippelsbro"" ("A View from Knippelsbro Bridge") and ""Portræt af en ung Musiker"" ("Portrait of a Young Musician") during his short life. An unfinished painting, ""Et Jagtparti"" ("A Hunting Scene"), was completed by his father. Holger Roed Holger Peter Roed, known as Holger Roed (2 November 1846 – 20 February 1874), Danish painter, was born in Copenhagen to painter Jørgen Roed and wife Emilie Mathilde. He had a promising artistic career ahead of him when he died at the age of 27. He was one of two children, along with Helena, in the lively and cultured artistic

John Little (painter)

held in collections at the National Museum of Canada, the Beaverbrook Art Gallery, the Leonard & Bina Ellen Art Gallery at Concordia University, and the Montreal Museum of Contemporary Art. John Little (painter) John Little (born 1928) is a Canadian artist. He primarily paints urban images of his home city of Montreal in oils, in the Fauvist style. After studying at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts and with the Art Students League of New York (where he met Ray Bailley and helped to illustrate the Bruce Gentry comic strip), Little joined his family's architectural practice in 1949, working as

Little Masters

include: Virgil Solis, Matthias Zundt, Jost Amman, and Conrad Saldörfer in Germany, Hans Holbein the Younger in Switzerland and England, and Dirk Vellert (in etching) and "Master S" in the Netherlands. The etched work of the Hopfer family is often similar in size and must have appealed to a similar market, as did the rather later work of the French printmaker Etienne Delaune. Little Masters The Little Masters ("Kleinmeister" in German), were a group of German printmakers who worked in the first half of the 16th century, primarily in engraving. They specialized in very small finely detailed prints, some no

Dégénération

in her back an enormous scar whose threads form the letters IY'H which mean in Hebrew : "With God's will". Farmer's position on the cover resembles the subject of Man Ray's 1924 painting "Le Violon d'Ingres", as well as that on the cover of her single "L'Histoire d'une fée, c'est...". The music video was shot over two days (9 and 10 June) in Prague, Czech Republic. Polydor and French magazine "Paris-Match" announced that Bruno Aveillan, a director who has directed several television commercials for companies such as Perrier, Louis Vuitton, Orange, Nintendo, Nike and Philips, directed this 4:30 music video.

Raul Mourão

Brazilian and foreign artists creating a new approach for the presentation, reflections and debates about contemporary art production in Rio de Janeiro. At Fundição Progresso he shows the exhibition Sintético (Synthetic), produced by AGORA, where he presents the works 5 pinturas (5 paintings); Sente-se (Sit down); Alcoólatra: Indivíduo dado ao vício do álcool (Alcoholic: Individual who is addicted to alcohol); Patas (Paws); Bolas (Balls); MAM; Casa/Árvore/Rua (Car/Tree/Street); and Barcos/Cabeça (Boats/Head). In the exhibition folder there are published extracts from a conversation that took place using telephone answering machine messages between Mourão and the artist Laura Lima, who is also present


Question: When suffix letters were first used on British car registration plates the letter was used for a calendar year, later, to suit the car industry, the letter changed on August 1 each year, which letter was consequently used for only seven months?

Vehicle registration plates of the United Kingdom

This led to major peaks and troughs in sales over the year, and to help flatten this out somewhat the industry lobbied to get the scheme changed, so that the change of year letter occurred on 1 August rather than 1 January. This was done in 1967, when "E" suffixes ran only from 1 January to 31 July, before "F" suffixes commenced on 1 August. In October 1974, responsibility for issuing registrations was transferred from local and regional authorities to specialist Local Vehicle Licensing Offices (LVLOs) or Vehicle Registration Offices (VROs) run by the DVLA. Most of the two-letter area

issued codice_30 in February 1963. Most other areas followed suit during 1964, but some chose to stick to their own schemes up until 1 January 1965, when the letter suffix was made compulsory. As well as yielding many more available numbers, it was a handy way for vehicle buyers to know the age of the vehicle immediately. However, the year letter changing on 1 January each year meant that car retailers soon started to notice that buyers would tend to wait until the New Year for the new letter to be issued, so that they could get a "newer" car.

Even then, there were some registrations which would now be called cherished plates. One was RAD10 (BBC) and another was IND1A (Indian Embassy). In August 1962, an attempt was made to create a national scheme to alleviate the problem of registrations running out. This used the scheme introduced in 1932, of a three-letter combination followed by a sequence number from 1 to 999, but also added a letter suffix, which initially changed on 1 January each year. An "A" suffix was thus used for 1963, "B" for 1964, etc. Middlesex was the first authority to adopt this scheme when it

most cases, the three-letter combinations (e.g. codice_22 for Middlesex) would be issued first, while in later years some areas started with the one- and two-letter combinations and others issued all three at the same time. The ever-increasing popularity of the car meant that by the beginning of the 1960s, these registrations were also running out. Some three-letter combinations were not authorised for licensing use as they were deemed offensive. These included codice_23, codice_24, codice_25, codice_26, codice_27, and codice_28. codice_29 was issued in London for several months in 1934 before it was realised it was the Welsh for "god", and withdrawn.

and an extended scheme was introduced. This scheme placed a serial letter before the code, and had the sequence number run only to 999, thus restricting the number of characters in a registration to six. The first area to issue such marks was Staffordshire in July 1932 with codice_20 etc., and all other areas in England and Wales, plus most areas in Scotland, followed suit once they had issued all their two-letter registrations. I, Q, and Z were not used as serial letters, as the use of I and Z continued to be restricted to Ireland and Q was reserved

Vehicle registration plates of Illinois

Vehicle registration plates of Illinois

The U.S. state of Illinois first required its residents to register their motor vehicles in 1907. Registrants provided their own license plates for display until 1911, when the state began to issue plates. , plates are issued by the Illinois Secretary of State.

Front and rear plates are required on most vehicle types, with the exception of motorcycles, motor-driven cycles, and trailers. Plates were issued annually until 1979; multi-year plates have been issued ever since. Plates belong to vehicle owners, so they can be transferred from one vehicle to another.

Vehicle registration plates of Indiana

Vehicle registration plates of Indiana

The U.S. state of Indiana first required its residents to register their motor vehicles in 1905. Registrants provided their own license plates for display until July 1, 1913, when the state began to issue plates.

Plates are currently issued by the Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles (BMV). Only rear plates have been required since 1956.

Astronomical naming conventions

Astronomical naming conventions

In ancient times, only the Sun and Moon, a few stars, and the most easily visible planets had names. Over the last few hundred years, the number of identified astronomical objects has risen from hundreds to over a billion, and more are discovered every year. Astronomers need to be able to assign systematic designations to unambiguously identify all of these objects, and at the same time give names to the most interesting objects, and where relevant, features of those objects.

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) is the recognized authority in astronomy for assigning designations to celestial bodies such as stars, planets, and minor planets, including any surface features on them. In response to the need for unambiguous names for astronomical objects, it has created a number of systematic naming systems for objects of various sorts.

Superman

Superman

Superman is a superhero who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, and debuted in the comic book "Action Comics" #1 (cover-dated June 1938 and published April 18, 1938). Superman has been adapted to a number of other media, including radio serials, novels, films, television shows, theater productions, and video games.

Superman was born on the fictional planet Krypton and was named Kal-El. When he was a baby, his parents sent him to Earth in a small spaceship moments before Krypton was destroyed in a natural cataclysm. His ship landed in the American countryside, near the fictional town of Smallville. He was found and adopted by farmers Jonathan and Martha Kent, who named him Clark Kent. Clark developed various superhuman abilities, such as incredible strength and impervious skin. His adoptive parents advised him to use his abilities for the benefit of humanity, and he decided to fight crime. To protect his personal life, he changes into a colorful costume and uses the alias "Superman" when fighting crime. Clark resides in the fictional American city of Metropolis, where he works as a journalist for the "Daily Planet". Superman's supporting characters include his love interest and fellow journalist Lois Lane, "Daily Planet" photographer Jimmy Olsen and editor-in-chief Perry White, and enemies such as Brainiac, Darkseid, General Zod, and his archenemy Lex Luthor.

Superman is the archetype of the superhero: he wears an outlandish costume, uses a codename, and fights evil with the aid of extraordinary abilities. Although there are earlier characters who arguably fit this definition, it was Superman who popularized the superhero genre and established its conventions. He was the best-selling superhero in American comic books until the 1980s.

Wikipedia:Unusual articles

for these 'Q-plate' vehicles. By the late 1990s, the range of available numbers was once again starting to run out, exacerbated by a move to biannual changes in registration letters (March and September) in 1999 to smooth out the bulge in registrations every August, so a new scheme needed to be adopted. It was decided to research a system that would be easier for crash or vehicle related crime witnesses to remember and clearer to read, yet still fit within a normal standard plate size. In order to avoid any confusion, the letters I, O, Q, U and Z have

because of the desirability of a specific letter/number combination. The first series of number plates was issued in 1903 and ran until 1932, consisting of a one- or two-letter code followed by a sequence number from 1 to 9999. The code indicated the local authority in whose area the vehicle was registered. In England and Wales, these were initially allocated in order of population size (by the 1901 census) – thus codice_4 indicated London, codice_5 indicated Lancashire, codice_6 indicated the West Riding of Yorkshire and so on up to codice_7 indicating Somerset, then codice_8 indicated Hampshire, codice_9 indicated Worcestershire and

Vehicle registration plates of Israel

1980. The 2 last digits of the number, referred to as its suffix, have special meaning. In the eighties, the suffix indicated the vehicle’s manufacturing year (80-89). In 1990 this rule was changed, and the suffix was determined according to the car’s dealer or brand, when each dealer or brand was given a suffix, sometimes sharing the same suffix with other dealers or brands. This rule was gradually changed starting from 2000, and the suffix started to indicate the vehicle’s manufacturing year again (although not according to a general rule as in the eighties) as well as dealer or brand.

letters I or Z representing Ireland. The full list of codes appears below. As in Great Britain, each code originally ran from 1 to 9999, and when one was completed, another was allocated. All possible codes had been allocated by 1957, following which reversed sequences were introduced, the first county to do so being Antrim in January 1958 with codice_35. These reversed sequences were completed quickly, leading to the introduction of the current "codice_36" format in January 1966, where "codice_37" is the county code and "codice_4" is a serial letter. This format allowed capacity to be increased. Each county adopted

for temporary imports, while the single-letter codes were left out of this scheme as a serial letter would have created a duplicate of an existing two-letter code. (The Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland later adopted this scheme in their own ways, and the latter still uses it.) In some areas, the available marks within this scheme started to run out in the 1950s, and in those areas, what became known as "reversed" registrations – the letters coming after the numbers – were introduced. Staffordshire was again the first area to issue such registrations, starting with codice_21 in 1953. In

This was reversed in July 1985, giving 1000-MAN to 9999-MAN, which lasted until August 1987. At that point, the current system was introduced, which has an initial letter, followed by MN, up to three numerals, and a trailing single letter. The initial plate in this system was therefore BMN-1-A, with the registration CMN-1-A being issued following BMN-999-Y. Thus the trailing letter does not indicate the vehicle age, unlike the similar format British plates, and many different suffix letters are issued each year. The letters A, I, O, Q, S and Z are not used on Manx number plates. The Isle

never been issued as year identifiers: I because of its similarity to the numeral 1; O and Q because of similarity to a zero; U because of similarity to the letter V; and Z because of similarity to the numeral 2. Normally the last two letters would indicate where the car was initially registered. The letters I and Z are reserved for Ireland. If you want to look for the office code (or council code until 1974) easier, look at the bold letters next to the examples (ABC 123"D"; "A"123 BCD). Note that pre 2001 number plates where the last

codes allocated during the first scheme continued in their respective areas, albeit now indicating the nearest LVLO/VRO rather than the local or regional authority. However, the decision to streamline the allocations of these codes meant that some were transferred to new areas. For instance, the former Suffolk code codice_31 was transferred to Reading, while the former Edinburgh code codice_32 was re-allocated to Bristol. By 1982, the year suffixes had reached Y and so from 1983 onwards the sequence was reversed again, so that the year letter — starting again at "A" — preceded the numbers then the letters of the

it once they had completed their reversed sequences, the last one to do so being County Londonderry in October 1973 with codice_39. From November 1985, the first 100 numbers of each series were withheld for use as cherished registrations. From April 1989, the numbers 101-999 were also withheld in this way. Even multiples of 1000 and 1111 ("four-of-a-kind") are deemed cherished by the DVLA and thus withheld. Each series ends at 9998 and follows on to the next letter/number combination in the series. While motorists with vehicles registered in Great Britain are permitted by the DVLA to use number plates

Vehicle registration plate

two, someone transcribing the plate may not know which symbol has which meaning, and the owner of plate EM6F9VO may get in trouble for something the owner of plate EM6F9V0 did. Other letter/number pairs, like I and 1, may be similarly problematic to a lesser degree. If the digit 0 is disallowed, then the combinations for each of these will be: If the letter O is disallowed, then the combinations for each of these will be: France was the first country to introduce the registration plate with the passage of the Paris Police Ordinance on August 14, 1893, followed by

Vehicle registration plates of the Isle of Man Vehicle registration began in the Isle of Man on 1 January 1906, following the Highways Act Amendment Act 1905. Initially, number plates started with the letters 'MN' followed by up to four digits. In March 1935, the prefix 'MAN' came into use, followed by up to three digits, and in April 1936 a further three-letter scheme was introduced, placing a serial letter before the 'MN' code (giving the range BMN-1 to YMN-999). In May 1959, the scheme changed to allow the digits to precede the letters, starting with the range 1-MN to

a "B" suffix, e.g. codice_87, then from the early 1980s three letters followed by two numbers plus the "B" suffix, e.g. codice_88). This was discontinued for security reasons, as it made them vulnerable to Provisional IRA attacks. Private vehicles driven by British military personnel are now issued with either standard UK number plates (if right hand drive) or German ones (if left hand drive), although the vehicle is not actually registered with the DVLA. Trade licences are issued to motor traders and vehicle testers, and permit the use of untaxed vehicles on the public highway with certain restrictions. Associated with

served basis. London and Middlesex quickly took most codes with L and M as the first letter respectively, while Surrey, initially allocated codice_15, took many codes beginning with that letter. A zero has been issued by several issuing authorities for the official car of the council head, in cases where plate number "1" had already been issued by the time the councils decided to give priority to its first citizen. Example include the Lord Mayor of London (codice_16) and the Lord Provosts of Edinburgh (codice_17), of Glasgow (codice_18) and of Aberdeen (codice_19). By 1932, the available codes were running out,

is especially useful for the automatic number plate recognition software of speed cameras and CCTV. This accentuation also discourages the tampering that is sometimes practised with the use of black insulating tape or paint to change letter forms (such as P to R, or 9 to 8), or with the inclusion of carefully positioned black "fixing screw" dots that alter the appearance of letters on some vanity plates. The design has similarities with the FE-Schrift number-plate font which was introduced in Germany in 1994 and which has been mandatory there since 2000. However, the UK design remains more conventional in

Vehicle registration plates of Sweden

sticker was sent to the owner when the road tax and the liability insurance had been paid and the vehicle had been approved in the inspection. Valid for one year, its colour varied with the year, and the clearly visible month number of expiry could easily be discerned by police. It was introduced in 1973. Since 1 January 2010, the tax sticker was abolished in Sweden, and newer plates have no room for it. In addition to the ordinary registration plate of three letters and three digits, personal registration plates are allowed. The personal registration plate works as an alias


Question: Which large American bird (Gymnogyps) has been reintroduced to the wild after breeding in captivity in 1991?

(California) Condor
Gymnogyps californianus
california condors
Gymnogyps
Californian condor
gymnogyps californianus
California condors
California condor
California Condor
Californian Condor
californian condor
gymnogyps
california condor

California condor

California condor The California condor ("Gymnogyps californianus") is a New World vulture, the largest North American land bird. This condor became extinct in the wild in 1987 (all remaining wild individuals were captured), but the species has since been reintroduced to northern Arizona and southern Utah (including the Grand Canyon area and Zion National Park), the coastal mountains of central and southern California, and northern Baja California. Although other fossil members are known, it is the only surviving member of the genus "Gymnogyps". The species is listed by the IUCN as critically endangered. The plumage is black with patches of

Big Sur

remaining wild birds were captured. A captive breeding program was begun in 1987. The Ventana Wildlife Society acquired 80 acres near Anderson Canyon that it used for a captive breeding program. After some success, a few birds were released in 1991 and 1992 in Big Sur, and again in 1996 in Arizona near the Grand Canyon. In 1997, the Ventana Wildlife Society began releasing captive-bred California Condors in Big Sur. The birds take six years to mature before they can produce offspring, and a nest was discovered in a redwood tree in 2006. This was the first time in more

Thick-billed parrot

Technology and Higher Education have been monitoring 700 nests of thick-billed parrots in Chihuahua. Through conservation easements with the ejidos, the organization has created sanctuaries for the protection of the bird's habitat. Birds were reintroduced in Arizona in the 1980s, but this effort turned out to be unsuccessful. The re-introduction into the mountains of southeastern Arizona (the Madrean sky islands region) was dramatically impacted by predation. Due to extensive human development, residency, agriculture, etc., high numbers of predator species exist, especially hawks, including the goshawk. The bird loss was especially high to these now well-emplaced predator species. The effort was

Mauritius kestrel

was removed, averting any negative impact on the wild population. Slowly the population increased and during a census in 1984 50 individuals were estimated. Techniques for breeding, release, and "hacking" of young birds were improved, the captive breeding center becoming a pioneering research institution for tropical raptor and small falcon conservation. The captive breeding programme was scaled back in the early 1990s as a self-sustaining population was established. Since 1994, the programme serves only as a safeguard, should some catastrophe befall the wild population, and other rare endemics are now being cared for at the station (such as the pink

ZooAmerica

the thick-billed parrots, swift fox, Canada lynx, black-footed ferret, and ocelots. In the past, ZooAmerica played a big role in bringing back the golden eagle and peregrine falcon, which were both facing severe threats in the wild. However, ZooAmerica has raised many birds of prey which were later released, including a peregrine that was later found nesting along the Susquehanna River. Beginning in 2011, ZooAmerica became involved in a cooperative project with Fort Indiantown Gap to raise Regal Fritillary butterflies for release. In 2014, The National Military Fish & Wildlife Association honored two naturalists at ZooAmerica, Tim Becker and Ann

California condor

California condor

The California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) is a New World vulture and the largest North American land bird. It became extinct in the wild in 1987 when all remaining wild individuals were captured, but has since been reintroduced to northern Arizona and southern Utah (including the Grand Canyon area and Zion National Park), the coastal mountains of California, and northern Baja California in Mexico. Although four other fossil members are known, it is the only surviving member of the genus "Gymnogyps". The species is listed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature as Critically Endangered, and similarly considered "Critically Imperiled" by NatureServe.

The plumage is black with patches of white on the underside of the wings; the head is largely bald, with skin color ranging from gray on young birds to yellow and bright orange on breeding adults. Its wingspan is the widest of any North American bird, and its weight of up to nearly equals that of the trumpeter swan, the heaviest among native North American bird species. The condor is a scavenger and eats large amounts of carrion. It is one of the world's longest-living birds, with a lifespan of up to 60 years.

Condor numbers dramatically declined in the 20th century due to agricultural chemicals (DDT), poaching, lead poisoning, and habitat destruction. A conservation plan put in place by the United States government led to the capture of all the remaining wild condors by 1987, with a total population of 27 individuals. These surviving birds were bred at the San Diego Wild Animal Park and the Los Angeles Zoo. Numbers rose through captive breeding, and beginning in 1991, condors were reintroduced into the wild. Since then, their population has grown, but the California condor remains one of the world's rarest bird species. In December 2020 there were 504 California condors living wild or in captivity, while by December 2022 the population totals 537 of which 336 live in the wild. The condor is a significant bird to many Californian Native American groups and plays an important role in several of their traditional myths.

Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 4, 2007

Andean condor

Andean condor

The Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) is a giant South American Cathartid vulture and is the only member of the genus Vultur. Found in the Andes mountains and adjacent Pacific coasts of western South America, the Andean condor is the largest flying bird in the world by combined measurement of weight and wingspan. It has a maximum wingspan of and weight of . It is generally considered as the largest bird of prey in the world.

It is a large black vulture with a ruff of white feathers surrounding the base of the neck and, especially in the male, large white patches on the wings. The head and neck are nearly featherless, and are a dull red color, which may flush and therefore change color in response to the bird's emotional state. In the male, there is a wattle on the neck and a large, dark red comb or caruncle on the crown of the head. The female condor is smaller than the male, an exception to the rule among birds of prey.

The condor is primarily a scavenger, feeding on carrion. It prefers large carcasses, such as those of deer or cattle. It reaches sexual maturity at five or six years of age and nests at elevations of up to , generally on inaccessible rock ledges. One or two eggs are usually laid. It is one of the world's longest-living birds, with a lifespan of over 70 years in some cases.

The Andean condor is a national symbol of Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru and plays an important role in the folklore and mythology of the Andean regions. The Andean condor is considered vulnerable by the IUCN. It is threatened by habitat loss and by secondary poisoning from lead in carcasses killed by hunters. Captive breeding programs have been instituted in several countries.

Template:POTD/2008-03-31

Bald eagle

Bald eagle

The bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is a bird of prey found in North America. A sea eagle, it has two known subspecies and forms a species pair with the white-tailed eagle ("Haliaeetus albicilla"), which occupies the same niche as the bald eagle in the Palearctic. Its range includes most of Canada and Alaska, all of the contiguous United States, and northern Mexico. It is found near large bodies of open water with an abundant food supply and old-growth trees for nesting.

The bald eagle is an opportunistic feeder which subsists mainly on fish, which it swoops down upon and snatches from the water with its talons. It builds the largest nest of any North American bird and the largest tree nests ever recorded for any animal species, up to deep, wide, and in weight. Sexual maturity is attained at the age of four to five years.

Bald eagles are not actually bald; the name derives from an older meaning of the word, "white headed". The adult is mainly brown with a white head and tail. The sexes are identical in plumage, but females are about 25 percent larger than males. The yellow beak is large and hooked. The plumage of the immature is brown.

The bald eagle is the national bird of the United States of America and appears on its seal. In the late 20th century it was on the brink of extirpation in the contiguous United States. Populations have since recovered, and the species was removed from the U.S. government's list of endangered species on July 12, 1995, and transferred to the list of threatened species. It was removed from the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife in the contiguous states on June 28, 2007.

Bird conservation

individuals, yet by 2006 the population was 800. Reintroductions of captive bred populations can occur to replenish wild populations of an endangered species, to create new populations or to restore a species after it has become extinct in the wild. Reintroductions helped bring the wild populations of Hawaiian geese (nene) from 30 birds to over 500. The Mauritius kestrel was successfully reintroduced into the wild after its captive breeding programme. Reintroductions can be very difficult and often fail if insufficient preparations are made, as species born in captivity may lack the skills and knowledge needed for life in the wild

California condor

Pleistocene epoch, this genus was widespread across the Americas. From fossils, the Floridan "Gymnogyps kofordi" from the Early Pleistocene and the Peruvian "Gymnogyps howardae" from the Late Pleistocene have been described. A condor found in Late Pleistocene deposits on Cuba was initially described as "Antillovultur varonai", but has since been recognized as another member of "Gymnogyps", "Gymnogyps varonai". It may even have derived from a founder population of California condors. Today's California condor is the sole surviving member of "Gymnogyps" and has no accepted subspecies. However, there is a Late Pleistocene form that is sometimes regarded as a palaeosubspecies, "Gymnogyps

Alagoas curassow

of the species after reintroduction. The Alagoas curassow became extinct in the wild due to deforestation and hunting. The last wild Alagoas curassow was seen and killed in 1984, or possibly 1987 or 1988. The captive population has been extensively hybridized with the razor-billed curassow, and there are several dozen purebred birds left. These are being maintained and bred in two privately owned professional aviaries in Brazil mainly due to lack of official interest owing to the long-standing doubt about the taxon's validity. The Alagoas curassow is protected under Brazilian law and is listed on Appendix I of CITES. The

Alagoas curassow

in refugia in the Atlantic Forest (Pereira & Baker 2004). As this species is extinct in the wild, the total population of 130 birds only persists in two separate captive populations. A reintroduction plan is being organized, though it faces challenges. Even if the population could be bred to healthy numbers, the species would need to be reintroduced into a large natural geographical area. Human expansion and overpopulation has caused nearly all of the Alagoas curassow's natural habitat to be destroyed. One potential reintroduction site has been proposed. Precautions would have to be taken in order to prevent illegal hunting

American Acclimatization Society

birds in New York, though the others did not seem to do as well. After the society's founding, such efforts were redoubled. The group's annual meeting held at the Great New York Aquarium in 1877 reported that the release of 50 pairs of English skylarks into Central Park had only been a partial success, since most had flown across the East River to take up residence at Newtown and Canarsie in Brooklyn. At the meeting, the recent release of European starlings, Japanese finches and pheasants into the park were noted. The meeting adjourned with the group resolved to introduce more

California condor

California and the other in Arizona, each with 150 birds and at least 15 breeding pairs. As the Recovery Program works toward this goal the number of release sites has grown. There are three active release sites in California, one in Arizona and one in Baja California, Mexico. The captive breeding program, led by the San Diego Wild Animal Park and Los Angeles Zoo, and with other participating zoos around the country, including the Oklahoma City Zoo and Botanical Garden, got off to a slow start due to the condor's mating habits. However, utilizing the bird's ability to double clutch,

Ventana Wildlife Society

Sur. The center currently features a special exhibition, "Bringing the Condors Home". In 1987 the last of the wild free-flying condors were taken from the wild to become part of a captive breeding program. From a population perhaps numbering thousands across the U.S., the last surviving 27 birds were removed to prevent extirpation in California. Decades of shooting, environmental degradation, and lead poisoning had reduced the population to an unviable number that most likely would not survive to the new millennium without this urgent, and at times controversial, intervention. In 1997, VWS began releasing captive-bred condors in Big Sur with

Gymnogyps varonai

and "Parocnus". along with large tortoises and rodents. The thicker hides and shells of the carcasses are suggested to have selected for more robust and powerful carrion feeders. Gymnogyps varonai Gymnogyps varonai, sometimes called the Cuban condor, is an extinct species of large New World vultures in the family Cathartidae. "G. varonai" is related to the living California condor, "G. californianus" and the extinct "G. kofordi" either of which it may have evolved from. The species is solely known from fossils found in the late Pleistocene to early Holocene tar seep deposits in Cuba. "G. varonai" may have preyed upon

Tony Silva

American Federation of Aviculture (AFA) for being the first in the U.S. to successfully breed slender-billed conures in captivity. Silva was self-taught and did not attend university, but by age 25 he was already regarded as an authority on parrots and was respected as a successful breeder. In 1986, Silva became midwestern regional vice-president of the AFA. By 1987, Silva was operating a pet shop called Tropifauna just outside of Chicago. In August 1989, Silva became Curator of Birds at Loro Parque, Tenerife, Canary Islands, the largest parrot park in the world—a position he held until January 1992. Silva travelled

Bird conservation

wild or as a last-ditch effort in situations where conservation in the wild is impossible. Captive breeding has been used to save several species from extinction, the most famous example being the California condor, a species that declined to less than thirty birds. In order to save the California condor the decision was made to take every individual left in the wild into captivity. From these 22 individuals a breeding programme began that brought the numbers up to 273 by 2005. An even more impressive recovery was that of the Mauritius kestrel, which by 1974 had dropped to only four

Johan Dalgas Frisch

Selvagem", a wildlife conservation organization that marks "National Day of the Bird" every 5 October. In 1992, he received the title of Honorary Citizen of Texas for having rescued and repatriated one peregrine falcon that had been banded in Texas. In 1994, he published a book on hummingbirds coauthored with his son Christian, "Jardim dos Beija-flores". In 2001, he published "Os 12 Cantos do Brasil", and in 2002 his fourth book "Cantos Harmoniosos da América". In 2005, he published the third edition of "Aves Brasileiras", now including a section on plants that attract birds and accordingly entitled "Aves Brasileiras e

Red kite

at each of the sites. In the second stage of reintroduction in 1995 and 1996, further birds were brought from Germany to populate areas of Dumfries and Galloway. Ninety-four birds were brought from the Chilterns and introduced into the Derwent Valley in North East England between 2004 and 2006. In Northern Ireland, 80 birds from wild stock in Wales were released over three years between 2008 and 2010, and in 2010 the first successful breeding was recorded. The reintroductions in the Chilterns have been a success. Between 1989 and 1993, 90 birds were released in the Chilterns Area of Outstanding

Fossil Rim Wildlife Center

plains of Louisiana and Texas, now one of the most endangered bird species in America. Fossil Rim Wildlife Center and five other zoos initiated a breeding program for the species in 1992. Between 170 and 175 birds are released in the wild every year, of which half were bred in the center. Even if the species has not grown in the wild, the project prevented complete extinction. The center has one of the most successful cheetah breeding programs in the world, with more than 135 feline bred and raised there. The center was first an exotic herding ranch acquired by

Carl Jones (biologist)

of captive reared young to wild pairs and hacking of captive raised birds to ensure maximum recruitment of juvenile birds. Between 1983 and 1993, 333 Mauritius kestrels had been reared, a third of these were captive bred and the remainder were derived from wild harvested eggs, most of these were returned to the wild. The Mauritius kestrel has subsequently been down-listed from Critically Endangered in the late 1970s, to Endangered in 1994 and Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List by 2000. During the 1970s, the Mauritius parakeet ("Psittacula echo"), the only surviving parrot species endemic to Mauritius and the Mascarenes,

Loggerhead shrike

(Although only this island subspecies is legally listed as endangered in the United States, the species is declining continentwide and no longer occurs in most of the northeastern U.S.) A captive population was established at the Toronto Zoo and McGill University in 1997. In 2001 an experimental field breeding and release program managed by Wildlife Preservation Canada was established. "Field breeding" refers to moving captive pairs from their wintering cages at the Toronto Zoo and McGill to large enclosures within shrike habitat in Ontario where the pairs nest and raise their young and then the young are released to the