Question: "Solve and come up with a movie. Zebra, laughing/spotted, 'person of the forest' (Malay), ""Eye of the ___"" (Survivor) (or) Buddhist, cook, mother, protagonist"

richard parker tiger
Richard Parker (tiger)
Animalus Anthropomorphicus
life of pi novel
Piscine Molitor Patel
life of pi book
Richard Parker (Life of Pi)
life of pi 2008
life of pi
Life of Pie
Life of Pi (novel)
The life of Pi (book)
life of pie
animalus anthropomorphicus
The Life of Pi
Life of Pi
The life of Pie
The Life Of Pi
The life of Pi
Life of pie
The life of pi
Life of pi 2008
Pi Patel
pi patel
Life Of Pi
richard parker life of pi
Life of pi
piscine molitor patel

Unreliable narrator

the zebra and orangutan), and tiger (which killed the hyena). When they question his story, he provides a darker, but more plausible recounting of events, in which a sailor and Pi's mother are murdered by the ship's cook, whom Pi then kills and eats to survive. The rescuers notice that the animals in the first story could be allegories for the people in the second one. Pi points out that neither story is provable and both have the same outcome, and the rescuers choose to believe the story featuring the animals, because it is a "better" story. One of the

Tan Pin Pin

GaGa" was voted Best Film in 2006 by "The Straits Times". In January 2016, the film was withdrawn from Malaysia's Titian Budaya Festival in Kuala Lumpur after authorities rejected an appeal to the chief censor to not withdraw a scene where ventriloquist Victor Khoo said "animals" in Malay, as the word has a double meaning. The censor's report added that the "dialogue can create doubt and restlessness among citizens and may finally cause a security threat, disturbance of public peace and national defence". In 2004, Tan directed "Crossings: John Woo", part of the Crossing series commissioned by Discovery Channel, showing

This Perfect Day

("Bob", "Jesus", "Karl" and "Li") and four for women ("Anna", "Mary", "Peace" and "Yin"). Instead of surnames, individuals are distinguished by a nine-character alphanumeric code, their ""nameber"" (a neologism from "name" and "number"), e.g. "WL35S7497". Everyone eats "totalcakes", drinks "cokes", wears exactly the same thing and is satisfied – every day. Li RM35M4419, nicknamed "Chip" (as in "chip off the old block") by his nonconformist grandfather Jan, is a typical child Member who, through a mistake in genetic programming, has one green eye. Through his grandfather's encouragement, he learns how to play a game of "wanting things", including imagining what

Kami (2008 film)

the book written by Abu. He wrote, "Life is a bitch, but there's still tomorrow." The two friends then contemplate the meaning of Abu's words on their uncertain futures. According to Lina Tan, the Executive Director of Red Films Sdn Bhd, the film which is targeted at teenagers is about "a commercial film which revolves around teenagers' conflicts and their reactions in determining their future." The catch phrase of this film is "Hidup ini memang palat, tapi esok masih ada." The word "palat" has been featured in the promotion materials that are included in KAMI: Vol II soundtrack, as well

V. Nagaraj

V. Nagaraj V. Nagaraj (Tamil: வி. நாகராஜ்) (born 20 November 1962) also known as Director Naga is a prominent Malaysian director, producer, distributor and consultant. Director Naga has been in the local cinema field since 1984. He has created popular Malay language films such as "Ghazal untuk Rabiah", "Getaran", "Iskandar" and "Siapa Tak Sayang Bini". In his early days Director Naga has also produced many Malay language films under the company S.V Productions. His produced films are "Gila-Gila Remaja" (1985), "Mati Hidup Semula", "Sejati", "Awang Spanar", "OS Kembar Siam", "Femina", "Ghazal "untuk" Rabiah", "Jejaka Perasan", "Rimba Malam", "Adik", "Sepi Itu

Malay folklore

for example, the lawful Hang Tuah may be portrayed as the hero, while sometimes, the non-lawful Hang Jebat may assume that role. Other notable "hikayat" include: "Kisah dongeng" are a loose collection of bedtime stories, fables and myths that involves human or non-human characters, often with superhuman powers along with talking animals, and an unearthly setting. In this category, the story of "Puteri Gunung Ledang", "Bawang Putih Bawang Merah" and "Batu Belah Batu Bertangkup" is well known by the Malays. All three have been made into movies, albeit with differing interpretations and settings. Characters with human-likeness abound in these stories.

Bawang Merah Bawang Putih

of Snow-White and Rose-Red although the previous do not get along as well. The use of these names for the female protagonist and her antagonist is symbolic of their physical similarity (both girls are beautiful) but have completely different personalities. Since the original folktale was passed on orally, different variations of the story exist. In some versions, Bawang Putih is the good and kind daughter, while Bawang Merah is the cruel and vindictive one. While in the 1959 black and white Malay movie, it is the other way around, the shallot being waterly bringing tears to the eyes and garlic

Donga Ramudu

Ramudu". Narasaraju created such catchwords as "gas" for telling a lie which is popular. R. Nageswara Rao’s famous dialogue, "Babulu Gaadi Debba Ante Golconda Abbaanali", became popular too. The schoolmaster Vangara’s usage of "Jambukarandhrapura Agraharam" for his village name, "Nakkabokkalapadu" is one such. Adi M. Irani cranked the camera. The acting honors were equally shared by ANR, Jamuna, Savitri, Relangi and R. Nageswara Rao. Jaggaiah came up with a dignified portrayal as did Suryakantham as Relangi’s wife. K.V. Reddi relied on experienced actors for other characters - Vinnakota Ramannapanthulu (as the elder brother of Jaggaiah), Allu Ramalingaiah, (the orphanage manager),

Drama dari Krakatau

barely has enough time to rescue the women before the mountain erupts a second time, killing the fugitives. Moelia informs his father, revealed to be Hasan, of the eruptions, and the older man comes to his son's home. There he meets Retna Sari and her mother. They discover that Retna Sari's mother is Soerijati, explaining the familial resemblance. She reveals that she had been found and raised by Noesa Brama's father; she also tells of a statue of Vishnu in a cave atop Mount Ciwalirang with the inscription "At the time when I am damaged, the land and all your

Panchatantra

The Weaver Who Loved a Princess, The Ungrateful Man, Leap and Creep, The Blue Jackal, Passion and the Owl, Ugly's Trust Abused, The Lion and the Carpenter, The Plover Who Fought the Ocean, Shell-Neck Slim and Grim, Forethought Readywit and Fatalist, The Duel Between Elephant and Sparrow, The Shrewd Old Gander, The Lion and the Ram, Smart the Jackal, The Monk Who Left His Body Behind, The Girl Who Married a Snake, Poor Blossom, The Unteachable Monkey, Right-Mind and Wrong-Mind, A Remedy Worse than the Disease, The Mice That Ate Iron, The Results of Education, The Sensible Enemy, The Foolish

Buku FIXI

directed a number of film titles that were deemed too controversial to be screened in Malaysia - had been inspired to establish the company after attending a local book awards ceremony. There, he had discovered that almost all of the Malay language fiction nominees were entirely in the romance genre. Thus, the creation of the label is considered to be his reaction from a need to further diversify the range of popular Malay literature that was produced at that time. He decided on the name "FIXI" for the label, which derives from the Dutch-derived Indonesian word "fiksi" or 'fiction'. According

Rama language

"eye" or "seed". Composition is another common way of forming nouns, as in "meat" (from "animal" + "flesh") or the inalienable noun "eyelash" (from "eye" + "hair"). New concepts can also be expressed syntactically, e.g. through genitive constructions such as "church" (lit. house of prayer), or through verbal paraphrase. Partial or complete reduplication is seen in the forms of some words, including onomatopoeics such as "dripping", animal names like "spider" or "rabbit", colour names and other descriptive adjectives such as "yellow", "green", "speckled", "calm", and others, e.g. "a little". Some recorded words that were claimed to be from the Corobicí

Petualangan Sherina

wrote the lyrics for eight songs. Lesmana said that ideas and inspirations came from "The Sound of Music" and "Grease". "Sherina" deals with themes of friendship, children, environment and family relationships, as well as coping with the entertainment business. According to a review by "The Jakarta Post" the storyline is easily understood by all, including children from all levels of society. The review states that the film boasts fine graphic quality, smooth camerawork, neatly constructed scenes and attractive cinematography, especially shots of mountains, forests and landscapes. This was reminiscent of several Indonesian films from the 1950s to 1970s, including "Si

Cambodian jungle girl

to say three words: "father", "mother" and "stomachache". A Spanish psychologist who visited the woman reported that she "made some words and smiled in response to a game involving toy animals and a mirror" but did not speak any recognizable language. When she was thirsty or hungry, she pointed at her mouth. She preferred to crawl rather than walk upright. The family watched Rochom P'ngieng around the clock to make sure she did not run off back to the jungle, as she tried to do several times. Her mother constantly had to pull back on the clothes when she tried

Rama language

may be specified further to express completion of the action by adding to the stem the aspect marker , giving "The tiger ate the man all up". Further examples with are: "He/she shut the door tight" ( "close") and "They saw the whole manatee" ( "see"). Another aspect-marking suffix similarly used is () expressing repetition. A range of further aspectual nuances may be conveyed by a variety of periphrastic constructions. Several of these involve the verb "stay" or its derivative (which contains the preverb ), either of which, following a verb stem, may convey progressive aspect: "I am crying" (

Alamat ng Gubat

little crab named "Tong" searching for a banana heart to cure his father from sickness. While he begins his journey he finds he and his friends also fight the evil animals in the forest. "Alamat ng Gubat" is notable for its allegorical references to Philippine society. Tong and his friends help find the banana heart in the forest. When Langgam won as the new leader of the forest, he got squashed by an animal. And also, they are being threatened by a gang of evil animals. So Tong, Pagong, Aso and Kuneho fight for the forest and are planning to

Monkeys in Chinese culture

"fu" "father". The character "jue" 貜 combines the "cat/beast radical" 豸 and a "jue" 矍 "look startled" phonetic (with two 目 "eyes"); compare the graphic variants of 玃 and 蠼. Based upon this phonetic element, the "Erya" (tr. Van Gulik 1967:25) glosses: ""Juefu", good at looking." (貜父善顧). The "juefu" is also called "jueyuan" 玃猿, which is known as Kakuen in Japanese mythology. The "fulu" 附錄 "appendix" to the "Bencao gangmu" entry for "mihou" "macaque" adds the "jue" 玃 "A species of large ape or hoolock, found in Western China, and said to be six feet high, it probably denotes the

Malin Kundang

and Singapore, the story is known as "Si Tenggang" or "Si Tanggang", being associated with the Batu Caves, some chambers of which are said to resemble a ship's cabins. One particularly unique Malaysian variant is "Cerita Megat Sajobang" in which the main character, Tenggang or Tanggang, is an orang asli (tribal aborigine) who assimilates himself into Malay society and refuses to receive his loincloth-wearing parents. As a parable on family responsibility, the story is popular in Southeast Asia as a theme for animations, film, drama and literature even until today. For example: Malin Kundang Malin Kundang, Si Tanggang also called

John Varty

the Zulu word for "protector of living things". Since then it has become one of the top resorts in the world and was included in Travel and Leisure's world's best for 4 of the last 5 years. John made several documentaries that were widely distributed: "Living with Tigers", "Shingalana", "Jamu, the Orphaned Leopard". "Swift and silent" won an American Cable TV award in 1993 and "The Silent Hunter" won The New York Gold Award. In 2011, John Varty starred in "Leopard Queen", a documentary about a leopard he has filmed for 17 years. He also wrote, produced and starred in

Panchatantra

about hasty actions or jumping to conclusions without establishing facts and proper due diligence. In Ryder translation, they are: Ill-considered Action, The Loyal Mungoose, The Four Treasure-Seekers, The Lion-Makers, Hundred-Wit Thousand-Wit and Single-Wit, The Musical Donkey, Slow the Weaver, The Brahman's Dream, The Unforgiving Monkey, The Credulous Fiend, The Three-Breasted Princess, The Fiend Who Washed His Feet. One of the fables in this book is the story about a woman and a mongoose. She leaves her child with a mongoose friend. When she returns, she sees blood on the mongoose's mouth, and kills the friend, believing the animal killed her


Question: What the Dickens! Which entertainer who has so far sold a magical 40 million tickets holds the record of grossing more than any other solo entertainer in history with over $3 billion?

David Copperfield, the illusionist
david copperfield illusionist

Jennifer Lopez: All I Have

show to date, breaking the previous box office record for a single show, previously set by . The record was once again broken by the final show of Britney: Piece of Me in December 2017. It was the most successful Las Vegas residency of 2016, grossing $34.6 million. By the 116th show on September 22, 2018, the residency had sold a total of 467,314 tickets, grossing $97.5 million. Celebrities who have attended the show include: Justin Bieber, Jeremy Bieber, Khloe Kardashian, Kim Kardashian, Jessica Alba, Kerry Washington, Demi Lovato, Nick Jonas, Drake, Selena Gomez, Sofia Vergara, Ellen DeGeneres, Smokey Robinson,

Master Juba

Diamond for $500. Juba then traveled to Boston, billing himself as the "King of All the Dancers", and played for two weeks, with competitions versus Frank Diamond (no relation to John). In 1842, English writer Charles Dickens toured New York's Five Points. This was around the time of the challenge dances, and Dickens was possibly drawn by rumors of Barnum's disguising of a black youth as a white minstrel performer. There the writer witnessed a performance by "a lively young negro" at the Almack's tavern and brothel at 67 Orange Street in the infamous Mulberry Bend. The November 11, 1842,

David Copperfield (illusionist)

tickets and grossed over $4 billion, more than any other solo entertainer in history. In 2015, "Forbes" listed his earnings at $63 million for the previous 12 months and ranked him the 20th highest-earning celebrity in the world. When not performing, he manages his chain of eleven resort islands in the Bahamas, which he calls "Musha Cay and the Islands of Copperfield Bay". Copperfield was born David Seth Kotkin in Metuchen, New Jersey, the son of Jewish parents, Rebecca, an insurance adjuster, and Hyman Kotkin, who owned and operated a men's haberdashery in Warren, New Jersey, called Korby's. Copperfield's mother

Christian Hebel

12 years on Broadway where they won 3 Tony Awards and received a Grammy Award. On July 12, 2018, with its 6,138th performance, it surpassed "A Chorus Line" to become Broadway's sixth-longest running show. In March 2016, Wicked surpassed $1 billion in total Broadway revenue, joining both "The Phantom of the Opera" and "The Lion King" as the only Broadway shows to do so. In July 2017, Wicked surpassed "The Phantom of the Opera" as Broadway's second-highest grossing show, trailing only "The Lion King". Hebel originated and helped create the violin and concertmaster role in Craig Lucas and Adam Guettel's

The Circus Starring Britney Spears

Los Angeles, Toronto, New Jersey, Chicago, Long Island, Anaheim and Montreal. Due to demand in the UK, six more shows were added to the initial two, selling more than 100,000 tickets in a week. Spears performance at the American Airlines Arena broke the attendance record previously held by Celine Dion, with a crowd of 18,644 people. The first North American leg, which was sold out, resulted in an average of 20,498 tickets per show and a gross of $61.6 million, becoming the highest grossing tour of the first semester of 2009 in the continent. In addition, the tour grossed $13

David Copperfield (illusionist)

David Copperfield (illusionist)

David Seth Kotkin (born September 16, 1956), known professionally as David Copperfield, is an American magician, described by "Forbes" as the most commercially successful magician in history.

Copperfield's television specials have been nominated for 38 Emmy Awards, winning 21. Best known for his combination of storytelling and illusion, his career of over 40 years has earned him 11 Guinness World Records, a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and a by the French government. He has been named a Living Legend by the US Library of Congress.

His illusions have included the disappearance of a Learjet (1981), the vanishing and reappearance of the Statue of Liberty (1983), levitating over the Grand Canyon (1984), walking through the Great Wall of China (1986), escaping from Alcatraz prison (1987), the disappearance of an Orient Express dining car (1991) and flying on stage for several minutes (1992).

As of 2006, he has sold 33 million tickets and grossed over US$4 billion, more than any other solo entertainer in history by a large margin. In 2015, "Forbes" listed his earnings at $63 million for the previous 12 months and ranked him the 20th highest-earning celebrity in the world.

When not performing, he manages his chain of 11 resort islands in The Bahamas, which he calls Musha Cay and the Islands of Copperfield Bay.

Duran Duran

Solo: A Star Wars Story

Solo: A Star Wars Story

Solo: A Star Wars Story (also known simply as Solo) is a 2018 American space Western film centering on the "Star Wars" character Han Solo. Directed by Ron Howard, produced by Lucasfilm, and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is the second "Star Wars" anthology film, following "Rogue One" (2016). Alden Ehrenreich stars as Solo, with Woody Harrelson, Emilia Clarke, Donald Glover, Thandiwe Newton, Phoebe Waller-Bridge, Joonas Suotamo and Paul Bettany. The film explores the early adventures of Han Solo and Chewbacca, who join a heist within the criminal underworld 10 years prior to the events of the original "Star Wars".

George Lucas began developing a Han Solo prequel in 2012, and commissioned Lawrence Kasdan to write the screenplay. After Lucas sold Lucasfilm to Disney in 2012, Kasdan was hired to write "" (2015), leaving his son Jonathan to complete the "Solo" script"." Principal photography began in January 2017 at Pinewood Studios, with directors Phil Lord and Christopher Miller. Both were fired in June 2017 following "creative differences" with Lucasfilm, and Howard was hired as their replacement. "Solo" is one of the most expensive films ever made, with a budget of at least $275 million.

"Solo" was released in the United States on May 25, 2018, and received generally favorable reviews; critics praised the cast (particularly Ehrenreich and Glover), visuals, score, and action sequences, although its cinematography and tone were criticized. It became the first "Star Wars" film to be a box office bomb, only grossing $393.2 million worldwide.<ref name="THRlosses" /> It received a nomination for Best Visual Effects at the 91st Academy Awards.

Vanilla Ice

Vanilla Ice

Robert Matthew Van Winkle (born October 31, 1967), known professionally as Vanilla Ice, is an American rapper, actor, and television host. Born in South Dallas, and raised in Texas and South Florida, Ice released his debut album, "Hooked", in 1989 on Ichiban Records, before signing a contract with SBK Records, a record label of the EMI Group, which released a reformatted version of the album in 1990 under the title "To the Extreme" which became the fastest-selling hip hop album of all time and contained Ice's best-known hits: "Ice Ice Baby" and a cover of "Play That Funky Music". "Ice Ice Baby" was the first hip hop single to top the "Billboard" charts and has been credited with helping to diversify hip hop by introducing it to a mainstream audience.

Although he was successful, Ice later regretted his business arrangements with SBK, which had paid him to adopt a more commercial appearance to appeal to a mass audience and published fabricated biographical information without his knowledge. Soundtrack appearances and a live album, "Extremely Live", continued the success, but a second mainstream studio album, "Mind Blowin'", featured an image change which saw a massive drop in popularity for Ice, and his subsequent albums, "Hard to Swallow", "Bi-Polar" and "Platinum Underground", failed to chart or receive much radio airplay. In 2009, Ice began hosting "The Vanilla Ice Project" on DIY Network.

England

England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain, which lies in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands, such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.

The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Paleolithic period, but takes its name from the Angles, a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula, who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in the 10th century and has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation.

England's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north (for example, the Lake District and Pennines) and in the west (for example, Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills). The capital is London, which has the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom. England's population of 56.3 million comprises 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, largely concentrated around London, the South East, and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East, and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century.

The Kingdom of England – which after 1535 included Wales – ceased being a separate sovereign state on 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union put into effect the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year, resulting in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland (through another Act of Union) to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Concert residency

boxscore data for his residency is unavailable. According to "Billboard", Celine Dion's A New Day... is the most successful concert residency of all time, grossing over US$385 million ($ million in dollars) and drawing nearly three million people to 717 shows. Celine Dion leads as the highest-grossing solo artist of all time in residencies (A New Day and Celine). Her second residency, Celine, is also the second most successful one. It grossed a reported $233,730,933 between 2011 and 2019. Following Celine Dion, Elton John has become the second most successful concert resident performer, whose The Red Piano residency grossed a

A Christmas Carol

of 1844 eleven more editions had been released. Since its initial publication the book has been issued in numerous hardback and paperback editions, translated into several languages and has never been out of print. It was Dickens's most popular book in the United States, and sold over two million copies in the hundred years following its first publication there. The high production costs upon which Dickens insisted led to reduced profits, and the first edition brought him only £230 (equal to £ in 2019 pounds) rather than the £1,000 (equal to £ in 2019 pounds) he expected. A year later,

George Strait

concert in the United States. The concert also set a record for the largest gross at a single-show country concert, $18,194,374, and broke the 33 year-old record as well for “largest indoor concert ever,” easily surpassing the 87,500 fans who attended the 12/5/81 Rolling Stones concert at the New Orleans Superdome (opening acts, The Neville Brothers, followed by George Thorogood and The Destroyers). A live album recorded from the final concert in Arlington titled "" was released on September 16, 2014, with a DVD/CDs of the concert being released on November 10, 2014, with Wal-mart exclusively releasing a Deluxe edition

Charles Dickens

from Liverpool for his second American reading tour. Landing at Boston, he devoted the rest of the month to a round of dinners with such notables as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and his American publisher, James Thomas Fields. In early December, the readings began. He performed 76 readings, netting £19,000, from December 1867 to April 1868. Dickens shuttled between Boston and New York, where he gave 22 readings at Steinway Hall. Although he had started to suffer from what he called the "true American catarrh", he kept to a schedule that would have challenged a much younger man,

Taylor Swift's Reputation Stadium Tour

We Are Tour in 2014 by 2,633 seats. With a $14 million take from 107,550 sold tickets at Levi's Stadium she topped her own gross and attendance counts set during The 1989 World Tour in 2015. With more than 118,000 fans in attendance at the Rose Bowl, the two-show run earned $16.2 million and set a new gross record for a single headliner at the venue, surpassing U2's 2017 record by over $467,000. Grossing records previously set by U2 as well were broken at Seattle's CenturyLink Field, where she topped their Joshua Tree Tour 2017 gross by $2.4 million, and

My Christmas

William Saroyan Theatre, in Fresno, California, (changed from the much larger venue, the Save Mart Center, due to scheduling conflicts), in the MGM Grand, in Las Vegas, and finally in the Honda Center, in Anaheim, California, on December 3, 5, 8, 12, and 13. His last three arena concerts alone grossed a total of over 5.6 million dollars, placing him third on "Billboard"s week's Hot Tours ranking, behind the Trans-Siberian Orchestra and Il Divo, who both held over 5 times more concerts worldwide, compared to Bocelli's three in the United States, explaining their better showings. In the United States, Bocelli

Tom Hanks

Guy" on Broadway, he had crowds of 300 fans waiting for a glimpse of him after every performance. This is the highest number of expectant fans post-show of any Broadway performance. Hanks is ranked as the fourth highest all-time box office star in North America, with a total gross of over $4.5 billion at the North American box office, an average of $100.8 million per film. Worldwide, his films have grossed over $9.0 billion. Asteroid is named after him. Tom Hanks Thomas Jeffrey Hanks (born July 9, 1956) is an American actor and filmmaker. Hanks is known for his comedic

Taking Chances World Tour

record 15 minutes with more than 125 people queuing the night before for tickets. The performance at the Kansas City's Sprint Center became the highest-grossing concert in the arena's history with a gross of $1,661,827. The record has since been broken By Elton John and Billy Joel. Dion's concert at the American Airlines Arena, set an attendance record, selling 17,725 tickets. Britney Spears broke that record two months later, performing for 18,644 people. However, although singing for a smaller audience, Dion grossed $2,247,233, while Spears managed to gross $1,972,928 only. According to her official website, Dion became the top-selling performer

÷ Tour

aggregate attendance at a series of stadium concerts in NSW, smashing the old benchmark of 213,045 set by AC/DC during their Black Ice World Tour in 2010. According to Billboard, Sheeran's tour has grossed $551.8 million and sold 6,209,122 tickets across 201 dates reported so far, from 16 March 2017 to 31 October 2018. The tour was the eight's highest grossing tour of 2017, accumulating $122 million and selling 1,408,681 tickets. The Divide Tour became 2018's highest grossing tour with $429 million, setting all-time records for the highest-grossing solo tour and highest year-end gross ever. This set list is representative

Celine (concert residency)

Year End Top 100 Worldwide Tours with a total gross of $85.5 million. She is #14 on the 2016 Year End Top 200 North American Tours with a total gross of $61.1 million. Celine is #11 on the 2017 Year End Top 20 Worldwide Tours with a total gross of $101.2 million.She is the highest grossing female artist of 2017. Notes: Between 2011 and 2015 permanent changes included only one moment in the show: Michael Jackson's medley > "Rolling in the Deep" > "Loved Me Back to Life" > "Incredible" The biggest change, and the so-called revamped show, premiered after

The Man of the Woods Tour

and 17,839 attendees. Timberlake's September 20 night concert at Rupp Arena grossed $2 million, making it the highest-grossing one-night concert in the arena's history, besting the previous record set by the Eagles, which grossed $1.8 million in June 2015. StubHub named Timberlake the fifth-best selling live artist in the US in 2018. According to "Billboard", "The Man of the Woods Tour" was the sixth-highest grossing tour of the year, selling over 1,175,216 tickets and grossing over $149 million in 2018. The tour received a nomination for Best Pop Tour at the 30th Pollstar Awards. "Toronto Star" journalist Nick Krewen, who

Bing Crosby

the Evening" (1951) – and won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in "Going My Way" (1944). A survey in 2000 found that with 1,077,900,000 movie tickets sold, Crosby was the third most popular actor of all time, behind Clark Gable (1,168,300,000) and John Wayne (1,114,000,000). The "International Motion Picture Almanac" lists him in a tie for second on the All Time Number One Stars List with Clint Eastwood, Tom Hanks, and Burt Reynolds. His most popular film, "White Christmas", grossed $30 million in 1954 ($ million in current value). He received 23 gold and platinum records,

Elvis Presley

the top spot the next two years, and ranked fourth in 2009. The following year, he was ranked second, with his highest annual income ever—$60 million—spurred by the celebration of his 75th birthday and the launch of Cirque du Soleil's "Viva Elvis" show in Las Vegas. In November 2010, "Viva Elvis: The Album" was released, setting his voice to newly recorded instrumental tracks. As of mid-2011, there were an estimated 15,000 licensed Presley products, and he was again the second-highest-earning deceased celebrity. Six years later, he ranked fourth with earnings of $35 million, up $8 million from 2016 due in

St James's Hall

with his tour managers, Chappell & Co., on 100 readings for the princely sum of £8,000 pounds. Attendees would receive printed programs and Chappell's advertisements included the following statement: "It is scarcely necessary for Messrs. CHAPPELL and Co. to add that any announcement made in connexion with these FAREWELL READINGS will be strictly adhered to and considered final; and that on no consideration whatever will Mr. DICKENS be induced to appoint an extra night in any place in which he shall have been once announced to read for the last time. The stalls were priced at five shillings, balcony seats

The Circus Starring Britney Spears

million from the London, Manchester and Dublin shows, with a total gross of $74.6 million, ranking as the third highest grossing tour worldwide. The Copenhagen show at Parken gathered 40,000 people, Spears's largest audience since her 2002 concerts in Mexico City. The second North American leg was also sold out, with a gross of $21.4 million and it was reported that the tour had grossed $94 million. Her first three shows in Melbourne were also sold out. The four shows at Acer Arena in Sydney sold 66,247 tickets, making Spears the highest selling act ever in the arena. The tour


Question: Shocking! As per the Minutes of the British War Cabinet released in 2006, what did Winston Churchill propose that be done to Hitler if he were caught?

Death by electrocution
death by electrocution

Nuremberg trials

the Government of the Allies." This intention by the Allies to dispense justice was reiterated at the Yalta Conference and at Potsdam in 1945. British War Cabinet documents, released on 2 January 2006, showed that as early as December 1944 the Cabinet had discussed their policy for the punishment of the leading Nazis if captured. The British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, had then advocated a policy of summary execution in some circumstances, with the use of an Act of Attainder to circumvent legal obstacles, being dissuaded from this only by talks with US and Soviet leaders later in the war.

Lord Alfred Douglas

most noted case, brought by the Crown on Winston Churchill's behalf in 1923, Douglas was found guilty of libelling Churchill and was sentenced to six months in prison. Churchill had been accused as cabinet minister, of falsifying an official report on the Battle of Jutland in 1916 when, although suffering losses, the Royal Navy drove the German battle fleet off the high seas. Churchill was said to have reported that the British navy had in fact, been defeated; the motive was supposed to be that when this news was flashed, the prices of British securities would tumble on the world's

Charles Corbin

in the Italian plan for a peace conference unless Germany pulled out all of its forces from Poland immediately. At 5:30 pm, Corbin tele-texted the instructions that Lord Halifax had given to Henderson to Bonnet to indicate the direction that British policy was going. On the evening of 2 September 1939, a major crisis emerged in Britain as no declaration of war had been issued, leading to a "sit-down strike" at 10 Downing Street as the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir John Simon, previously regarded as one of the men most loyal to Chamberlain, refused to leave 10 Downing Street

The Marburg Files

government. Prime Minister Winston Churchill discussed the files with King George VI who insisted the files be suppressed and never be released to the public. The entire collection was sent to Britain in 1948 and housed at Whaddon Hall, Buckinghamshire. Of the 60 papers of correspondence discovered, they are alleged to have further detailed a plot by the Nazis titled Operation Willi, orchestrated in 1940, in the hope of either convincing the Duke of Windsor to officially join sides with the Nazis and move him to Germany in a bid to convince Britain into negotiations of peace, to convince the

Venlo Incident

contact of autumn 1939, and that the discussions, involving Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain, and the Foreign Secretary, Lord Halifax, were "bona fide" peace negotiations. Historian, Callum MacDonald, shared this view. The damage inflicted on Britain's espionage network in Europe caused the new prime minister, Winston Churchill, to start his own spy and sabotage agency, the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in 1940. The incident exposed the fact that the Chamberlain government was still seeking a deal with Germany while it was exhorting the nation to a supreme war effort. That outraged Churchill to the extent that he was against providing support

Rudolf Hess

Battle of Britain

Battle of Britain

The Battle of Britain, also known as the Air Battle for England (), was a military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) of the Royal Navy defended the United Kingdom (UK) against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany's air force, the Luftwaffe. It was the first major military campaign fought entirely by air forces. The British officially recognise the battle's duration as being from 10 July until 31 October 1940, which overlaps the period of large-scale night attacks known as the Blitz, that lasted from 7 September 1940 to 11 May 1941. German historians do not accept this subdivision and regard the battle as a single campaign lasting from July 1940 to May 1941, including the Blitz.

The primary objective of the German forces was to compel Britain to agree to a negotiated peace settlement. In July 1940, the air and sea blockade began, with the Luftwaffe mainly targeting coastal-shipping convoys, as well as ports and shipping centres such as Portsmouth. On 1 August, the Luftwaffe was directed to achieve air superiority over the RAF, with the aim of incapacitating RAF Fighter Command; 12 days later, it shifted the attacks to RAF airfields and infrastructure. As the battle progressed, the Luftwaffe also targeted factories involved in aircraft production and strategic infrastructure. Eventually, it employed terror bombing on areas of political significance and on civilians.

The Germans had rapidly overwhelmed France and the Low Countries, leaving Britain to face the threat of invasion by sea. The German high command recognised the difficulties of a seaborne attack while the Royal Navy controlled the English Channel and the North Sea. On 16 July, Hitler ordered the preparation of Operation Sea Lion as a potential amphibious and airborne assault on Britain, to follow once the Luftwaffe had air superiority over the Channel. In September, RAF Bomber Command night raids disrupted the German preparation of converted barges, and the Luftwaffe's failure to overwhelm the RAF forced Hitler to postpone and eventually cancel Operation Sea Lion. The Luftwaffe proved unable to sustain daylight raids, but their continued night-bombing operations on Britain became known as the Blitz.

Historian Stephen Bungay cited Germany's failure to destroy Britain's air defences to force an armistice (or even an outright surrender) as the first major German defeat in the Second World War and a crucial turning point in the conflict. The Battle of Britain takes its name from the speech given by Prime Minister Winston Churchill to the House of Commons on 18 June: "What General Weygand called the 'Battle of France' is over. I expect that the Battle of Britain is about to begin."

Battle of France

Battle of France

The Battle of France () (10 May – 25 June 1940), also known as the Western Campaign ('), the French Campaign (, ) and the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France during the Second World War.

On 3 September 1939, France declared war on Germany following the German invasion of Poland. In early September 1939, France began the limited Saar Offensive and by mid-October had withdrawn to their start lines. German armies invaded Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands on 10 May 1940. Italy entered the war on 10 June 1940 and attempted an invasion of France. France and the Low Countries were conquered, ending land operations on the Western Front until the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944.

In "Fall Gelb" ("Case Yellow"), German armoured units made a surprise push through the Ardennes and then along the Somme valley, cutting off and surrounding the Allied units that had advanced into Belgium to meet the German armies there. British, Belgian and French forces were pushed back to the sea by the Germans; the British and French navies evacuated the encircled elements of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and the French and Belgian armies from Dunkirk in Operation Dynamo.

German forces began ("Case Red") on 5 June 1940. The sixty remaining French divisions and the two British divisions in France made a determined stand on the Somme and Aisne but were defeated by the German combination of air superiority and armoured mobility. German armies outflanked the intact Maginot Line and pushed deep into France, occupying Paris unopposed on 14 June. After the flight of the French government and the collapse of the French Army, German commanders met with French officials on 18 June to negotiate an end to hostilities.

On 22 June 1940, the Second Armistice at Compiègne was signed by France and Germany. The neutral Vichy government led by Marshal Philippe Pétain replaced the Third Republic and German military occupation began along the French North Sea and Atlantic coasts and their hinterlands. The Italian invasion of France over the Alps took a small amount of ground and after the armistice, Italy occupied a small area in the south-east. The Vichy regime retained the (free zone) in the south. Following the Allied invasion of French North Africa in November 1942, in Case Anton, the Germans and Italians took control of the zone until it was liberated by the Allies in 1944.

Winston Churchill in the Second World War

Winston Churchill was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty on 3 September 1939, the day that the United Kingdom declared war on Nazi Germany. He succeeded Neville Chamberlain as prime minister on 10 May 1940 and held the post until 26 July 1945. Out of office during the 1930s, Churchill had taken the lead in calling for British re-armament to counter the growing threat of militarism in Nazi Germany. As prime minister, he oversaw British involvement in the Allied war effort against the Axis powers. Churchill is seen as a victorious wartime leader who played an important role in defending Europe's liberal democracy against the spread of fascism, though some wartime events like the 1945 bombing of Dresden have generated controversy. He was the most important of the Allied leaders during the first half of the Second World War.

Harold Macmillan

May 1940 War Cabinet Crisis

following morning (Sunday 26 May), Halifax gave his report of this conversation to the War Cabinet, first telling them that in his opinion they "had to face the fact that it was not so much now a question of imposing a complete defeat upon Germany but of safeguarding the independence of our own Empire and if possible that of France". The War Cabinet resumed its deliberations later that day at 2 pm. Churchill began by describing his meeting with French Prime Minister Paul Reynaud, who had stated that the French military situation was hopeless but that he had no intentions

May 1940 War Cabinet Crisis

was that "Herr Hitler thought that he had the whip hand. The only thing to do was to show him that he could not conquer this country. If, on M. Reynaud's showing, France could not continue, we must part company". At the behest of the War Cabinet, Halifax drew up a memorandum on "Suggested Approaches to Italy". The plan to seek a compromise peace was euphemistically referred to as the "Reynaud Plan". Chamberlain now spoke out in defence of Halifax's peace proposal: "While [it is] agreed that the proposed approach would not serve any useful purpose, [I think] that we

MI5

local police forces on 29 July giving them advance warning of arrests to be made as soon as war was declared. Portsmouth Constabulary jumped the gun and arrested one on 3 August, and not all of the 22 were in custody by the time that McKenna made his speech, but the official history regards the incident as a devastating blow to Imperial Germany which deprived them of their entire spy ring, and specifically upset the Kaiser. This view has been challenged by Nicholas Hiley who has asserted that it is a complete fabrication. In 2006 his article "Entering the Lists"

Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax

Churchill outmanoeuvred Halifax by calling a meeting of his 25-member Outer Cabinet, to whom he delivered a passionate speech, saying, "If this long island story of ours is to end at last, let it end only when each one of us lies choking in his own blood upon the ground", convincing all who were present that Britain must fight on against Hitler whatever the cost. Churchill also obtained the backing of Neville Chamberlain, who was still Conservative Party leader. Churchill told the War Cabinet that there would be no negotiated peace. Halifax had lost. A few weeks later, in July

May 1940 War Cabinet Crisis

May 1940 War Cabinet Crisis The May 1940 War Cabinet Crisis was a confrontation between Winston Churchill, newly appointed as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and Edward Wood, the Viscount Halifax and Foreign Secretary, which took place between 25 and 28 May. Halifax believed that in view of the imminent Fall of France and the encirclement of British forces at Dunkirk, the U.K. should explore the possibility of a negotiated peace settlement with Adolf Hitler, with the still-neutral Italian leader Benito Mussolini brokering the agreement. Churchill outmaneuvered Halifax by calling a meeting of his 25-member Outer Cabinet two days

May 1940 War Cabinet Crisis

later in the year, Churchill would do precisely that). Churchill's telegram to the Dominions on 27 May left open the possibility of peace talks later in the year. Churchill then adjourned the War Cabinet until 7 pm so he could attend a previously scheduled meeting with his 25-member Outer Cabinet. "I had not seen many of my colleagues outside the War Cabinet, except individually, since the formation of the Government", said Churchill in his memoirs. The only account of what Churchill said at this critical meeting comes from Hugh Dalton, a member of the Labour Party and the newly appointed

Defence Regulation 18B

opened the possibility that Ramsay might use parliamentary privilege to reveal the telegrams, which Churchill had not told the Cabinet about. It would also reveal Roosevelt was trying to help Churchill while proclaiming his support for neutrality in public. The Cabinet decided in favour of widespread detentions of the far right on 22 May. This required an amended version of the Regulation, known as 18B (1A). One of the first to be arrested, in the early morning of 23 May, was Sir Oswald Mosley. Others arrested later included Admiral Sir Barry Domvile and Sir Reginald Goodall. Popular reaction was strongly

Winston Churchill

leader the world needs when it needs him most." When Hitler invaded the Soviet Union, Winston Churchill, a vehement anti-communist, famously stated "If Hitler invaded Hell, I would at least make a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons", regarding his policy towards Stalin. Soon, British supplies and tanks were being sent to help the Soviet Union. The Casablanca Conference, a meeting of Allied powers held in Casablanca, Morocco, on 14 January through 23 January 1943, produced what was to be known as the "Casablanca Declaration". In attendance were Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Charles de Gaulle.

Cultivator No. 6

point when there was no obvious use for it. In the end, only a small number of machines were constructed and none were used in combat. In his memoirs, Churchill said about it: "I am responsible but impenitent". After the outbreak of World War II on 3 September 1939, the day Britain declared war on Germany, Winston Churchill was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty and a member of the War Cabinet, just as he had been during the first part of World War I. There followed a period during which the western allies watched Germany and Russia devour Poland,

Winston Churchill in politics, 1900–1939

to Lloyd George (13 August) and Lord Moyne (11 September) just before the Munich Agreement, he wrote that the government was faced with a choice between "war and shame" and that, having chosen shame, would later get war on less favourable terms. Churchill's reputation was probably at its lowest point in 1937–1938, but by 1939, after Germany had absorbed Austria and conquered Czechoslovakia, he was seen as having been proven right. When Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Chamberlain appointed Churchill to the Cabinet as the First Lord of the Admiralty; Gunther wrote that "the nation demanded" that he rejoin

War cabinet

Foreign Minister Georges Bonnet, an ultimatum was presented to the Germans and on its expiry war was declared at 11am on 3 September 1939. On 3 September 1939, Neville Chamberlain announced his War Cabinet. Dominated largely by Conservative ministers who served under Chamberlain's National Government between 1937 and 1939, the additions of Lord Hankey (a former Cabinet Secretary from the First World War) and Winston Churchill (strong anti-appeaser) seemed to give the Cabinet more balance. Unlike Lloyd George's War Cabinet, the members of this one were also heads of Government Departments. In January 1940, after disagreements with the Chiefs of

Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton

Winston Churchill and informed him of the Deputy Führer's arrival. Hess was imprisoned by the British authorities until the end of the war and the subsequent Nuremberg trials. Hamilton came under pressure from the press to explain his role in the affair, with suspicions being raised that he might have been in prior contact with Hess. Questions were asked in the House of Commons. On 22 May, Sir Archibald Sinclair, the Secretary of State for Air, gave this statement to the House: When deputy Führer Hess came down with his aeroplane in Scotland on 10 May, he gave a false

May 1940 War Cabinet Crisis

to involve the Italians, upon becoming Prime Minister Churchill had been polite about Italy, then still neutral: On 16 May he stated that Britain was "not an enemy of Italy or of Mussolini". An intelligence memo, undated but probably written 25 May, warned the War Cabinet about the danger of submarine and air attack. Halifax formulated an appeal to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, which stated that Britain "could not accept" terms that jeopardized the independence of the United Kingdom. He hoped that the United States would enter the war to prevent the conquest of Britain or France. Halifax met

Winston Churchill

Cabinet, recommending that the route of food convoys from the docks into London should be guarded by tanks, armoured cars and hidden machine guns. This was rejected by the Cabinet. Exaggerated accounts of Churchill's belligerency during the strike soon began to circulate. Immediately afterward, the "New Statesman" claimed that Churchill had been leader of a "war party" in the Cabinet and had wished to use military force against the strikers. He consulted the Attorney-General Sir Douglas Hogg, who advised that although he had a good case for criminal libel, it would be inadvisable to have confidential Cabinet discussions aired in

Neville Chamberlain

6:00 pm, Chamberlain and Labour deputy leader Arthur Greenwood (deputising for the sick Clement Attlee) entered the chamber to loud cheers. Chamberlain spoke emotionally, laying the blame for the conflict on Hitler. No formal declaration of war was immediately made. French Foreign Minister Georges Bonnet stated that France could do nothing until its parliament met on the evening of 2 September. Bonnet was trying to rally support for a Munich-style summit proposed by the Italians to be held on 5 September. The British Cabinet demanded that Hitler be given an ultimatum at once, and if troops were not withdrawn by


Question: Can you connect Darwin and his research on Galapagos Islands to the book To Kill a Mockingbird?

True finch
finch
Finch
true finch
carduelidae
Finches
Carduelini
carduelini
Finch (bird)
fringillidae
Fringillidae
"""Finch"""
Carduelidae
finch bird
finches

Darwin's finches

ornithology and by this stage of the voyage concentrated mainly on geology. In Galápagos he mostly left bird shooting to his servant Syms Covington. Nonetheless, these birds were to play an important part in the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. On the Galápagos Islands and afterward, Darwin thought in terms of "centres of creation" and rejected ideas concerning the transmutation of species. From Henslow's teaching, he was interested in the geographical distribution of species, particularly links between species on oceanic islands and on nearby continents. On Chatham Island, he recorded that a mockingbird was similar to

Galápagos Islands

led to several important geological discoveries, including the first, correct explanation for how volcanic tuff is formed. Darwin noticed the mockingbirds differed between islands, though he thought the birds now known as Darwin's finches were unrelated to each other, and did not bother labelling them by island. Nicholas Lawson, acting Governor of Galápagos for the Republic of the Equator, met them on "Charles Island", and as they walked to the prison colony, Lawson told Darwin the tortoises differed from island to island. Towards the end of the voyage, Darwin speculated that the distribution of the mockingbirds and the tortoises might

Struggle for existence

of the voyage Darwin noted that the distribution of mockingbirds found on the Galápagos Islands raised doubts that species were fixed. Early in 1837 John Gould in London revealed that the mockingbirds were separate species: Darwin was spurred into intensive research and the inception of his theory to find the mechanism introducing species. Unconventionally, he sought information from animal breeders. In September 1838, while investigating variation, averages and population statistics, he read Malthus’ "An Essay on the Principle of Population", and wrote: That sentence is on page 6 of the first volume of Malthus' "Essay", 6th edition: "It may safely

On the Origin of Species

rhea (though their territories overlapped), that mockingbirds collected on the Galápagos Islands represented three separate species each unique to a particular island, and that several distinct birds from those islands were all classified as finches. Darwin began speculating, in a series of notebooks, on the possibility that "one species does change into another" to explain these findings, and around July sketched a genealogical branching of a single evolutionary tree, discarding Lamarck's independent lineages progressing to higher forms. Unconventionally, Darwin asked questions of fancy pigeon and animal breeders as well as established scientists. At the zoo he had his first sight

Charles Darwin

and told him that the Galápagos mockingbirds from different islands were separate species, not just varieties, and what Darwin had thought was a "wren" was also in the finch group. Darwin had not labelled the finches by island, but from the notes of others on the ship, including FitzRoy, he allocated species to islands. The two rheas were also distinct species, and on 14 March Darwin announced how their distribution changed going southwards. By mid-March, Darwin was speculating in his "Red Notebook" on the possibility that "one species does change into another" to explain the geographical distribution of living species

Galápagos Islands

Second voyage of HMS Beagle

Second voyage of HMS Beagle

The second voyage of HMS "Beagle", from 27 December 1831 to 2 October 1836, was the second survey expedition of HMS "Beagle", under captain Robert FitzRoy who had taken over command of the ship on its first voyage after the previous captain, Pringle Stokes, committed suicide. FitzRoy had thought of the advantages of having someone onboard who could investigate geology, and sought a naturalist to accompany them as a supernumerary. At the age of 22, the graduate Charles Darwin hoped to see the tropics before becoming a parson and accepted the opportunity. He was greatly influenced by reading Charles Lyell's "Principles of Geology" during the voyage. By the end of the expedition, Darwin had made his name as a geologist and fossil collector and the publication of his journal (later known as "The Voyage of the Beagle") gave him wide renown as a writer.

"Beagle" sailed across the Atlantic Ocean, and then carried out detailed hydrographic surveys around the coasts of southern South America, returning via Tahiti and Australia after having circumnavigated the Earth. The initial offer to Darwin told him the voyage would last two years; it lasted almost five.

Darwin spent most of this time exploring on land: three years and three months land, 18 months at sea. Early in the voyage, Darwin decided that he could write a geology book, and he showed a gift for theorising. At Punta Alta in Argentina, he made a major find of gigantic fossils of extinct mammals, then known from very few specimens. He collected and made detailed observations of plants and animals. His findings undermined his belief in the doctrine that species are fixed, and provided the basis for ideas which came to him when back in England, leading to his theory of evolution by natural selection.

Galápagos tortoise

Marine iguana

Marine iguana

The marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus), also known as the sea iguana, saltwater iguana, or Galápagos marine iguana, is a species of iguana found only on the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador). Unique among modern lizards, it is a marine reptile that has the ability to forage in the sea for algae, which makes up almost all of its diet. Marine iguanas are the only extant lizard that spends time in a marine environment. Large males are able to dive to find this food source, while females and smaller males feed during low tide in the intertidal zone. They mainly live in colonies on rocky shores where they bask after visiting the relatively cold water or intertidal zone, but can also be seen in marshes, mangrove swamps and beaches. Large males defend territories for a short period, but smaller males have other breeding strategies. After mating, the female digs a nest hole in the soil where she lays her eggs, leaving them to hatch on their own a few months later.

Marine iguanas vary in appearance between the different islands and several subspecies are recognized. Although relatively large numbers remain and it is locally abundant, this protected species is considered threatened, primarily from El Niño cycles, introduced predators and chance events like oil spills.<ref name="iucn"/>

Hard Quiz

Hard Quiz

Hard Quiz is an Australian television comedy quiz show which premiered on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) on 19 October 2016. Hosted by Tom Gleeson, the show is a spin-off of his "Hard Chat" segment on the satirical television news program "The Weekly with Charlie Pickering". It is filmed at the ABC Melbourne studios in Southbank in front of a studio audience.

It is routine for Gleeson to mock the contestants or their subject and contestants often will make jokes at Gleeson's expense, all of which is accepted and appears to be encouraged.

Gleeson has claimed he was surprised by the success of the program, saying he had given up hope of being a star.

On 24 May 2019, Gleeson announced he was stepping down as host and quitting the program via a media release. On 26 May 2019, Gleeson was announced as a nominee for the Gold Logie Award for Most Popular Personality on Australian Television. He later tweeted that he would "un-axe" the show if he wins the Gold Logie. Gleeson subsequently won the Gold Logie and the show was announced to be returning on 31 July 2019.

It was announced by Gleeson on 31 July 2019, in a radio interview with Triple M, that the show's return in 2020 for its fifth series would see it expand to 40 new episodes.

Darwin's finches

those he had seen in Chile, and after finding a different one on Charles Island he carefully noted where mockingbirds had been caught. In contrast, he paid little attention to the finches. When examining his specimens on the way to Tahiti, Darwin noted that all of the mockingbirds on Charles Island were of one species, those from Albemarle of another, and those from James and Chatham Islands of a third. As they sailed home about nine months later, this, together with other facts, including what he had heard about Galápagos tortoises, made him wonder about the stability of species. Following

Charles Darwin

in Chile and saw signs that the land had just been raised, including mussel-beds stranded above high tide. High in the Andes he saw seashells, and several fossil trees that had grown on a sand beach. He theorised that as the land rose, oceanic islands sank, and coral reefs round them grew to form atolls. On the geologically new Galápagos Islands, Darwin looked for evidence attaching wildlife to an older "centre of creation", and found mockingbirds allied to those in Chile but differing from island to island. He heard that slight variations in the shape of tortoise shells showed which

John Stevens Henslow

first arriving at the Galápagos Islands Darwin noted "I certainly recognize S America in Ornithology, would a botanist?", and went on to collect plant specimens carefully labelled by island and date. He also labelled the mockingbirds he caught, and initially thought these were varieties but while arranging these bird specimens on the last lap of the voyage he began wondering if they could be species, a possibility which would "undermine the stability of Species". Henslow's teaching continued to influence Darwin's work on evolution. Besides Darwin, other famous students of Henslow included Berkeley, Babington, Leonard Jenyns, Lowe and Miller. Henslow founded

Inception of Darwin's theory

and Thomas Carlyle. In their first meeting to discuss his detailed findings, Gould told Darwin that the Galápagos mockingbirds from different islands were separate species, not just varieties, and the finch group included the "wrens". The two rheas were also distinct species, and on 14 March Gould's announcement of this finding to the Zoological Society of London was accompanied by Darwin, who presented a paper on how distribution of the two species of rheas changed going southwards. Darwin was concerned to make sure that his theorising, whether published or private, fully complied with the accepted scientific methodology of his peers.

Galápagos mockingbird

Galápagos mockingbird The Galápagos mockingbird ("Mimus parvulus") is a species of bird in the family Mimidae. It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. The Galápagos mockingbird is one of four mockingbird species endemic to the Galápagos Islands. These four are all closely related, and DNA evidence shows they likely all descended from an ancestor species which reached the islands in a single colonization event. When John Gould first described the species in 1837, based on specimens brought back from the islands by Charles Darwin, he named it "Orpheus parvulus". However, because of the rules of binomial nomenclature, "Orpheus" was

Darwin's finches

story made the newspapers. Darwin had been in Cambridge at that time. In early March, he met Gould again and for the first time to get a full report on the findings, including the point that his Galápagos "wren" was another closely allied species of finch. The mockingbirds that Darwin had labelled by island were separate species rather than just varieties. Gould found more species than Darwin had expected, and concluded that 25 of the 26 land birds were new and distinct forms, found nowhere else in the world but closely allied to those found on the South American continent.

The Beak of the Finch

back in London in 1837 that the ornithologist John Gould revealed that they were closely allied, reinforcing Darwin's growing view that “species are not immutable.” The adaptations of their numerous species, in three genera, show diverging evolution to exploit several ecological niches in the rugged and dry Galápagos Islands. Weiner follows the career of two biologists, Peter and Rosemary Grant, who have spent twenty years proving that Charles Darwin did not know the full strength of his theory of evolution. On a desert island among the Galapagos, Daphne Major, the Grants are showing that among the finches of the Galapagos,

Floreana mockingbird

Floreana mockingbird The Floreana mockingbird or Charles mockingbird ("Mimus trifasciatus") is a bird species in the family Mimidae. It is endemic to Floreana, one of the Galápagos Islands; but human colonisation from 1832 onwards brought predators such as dogs and cats, and within 50 years the species was extinct on Floreana. It now occurs only on two inaccessible offshore islands, including Gardner. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. The Floreana mockingbird is also known as Darwin's mockingbird, as it was the arguable inspiration for Charles Darwin's work on the origins of species; he noticed distinct differences between

Floreana mockingbird

Galápagos mockingbird

all native wildlife on the archipelago, it faces a number of potential threats, including habitat changes as the result of overgrazing, predation by various introduced species and fires. Galápagos mockingbird The Galápagos mockingbird ("Mimus parvulus") is a species of bird in the family Mimidae. It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. The Galápagos mockingbird is one of four mockingbird species endemic to the Galápagos Islands. These four are all closely related, and DNA evidence shows they likely all descended from an ancestor species which reached the islands in a single colonization event. When John Gould first described the species

Gerard Corley Smith

tropical Amazonia to the high Andes. In Ecuador, Corley Smith's expertise on high altitude humming-birds found on the Cotopaxi led him to become friends with Professor Jean Dorst, a French ornithologist who was also president of the newly formed Charles Darwin Foundation (CDF) for the Galápagos Islands, which Corley Smith went to visit. On the Royal Yacht Britannia he visited the islands again in 1964 with the Duke of Edinburgh, who later became patron of the foundation. Corley Smith worked to establish a national park to protect the Galápagos environment under Ecuadorean control, and organised a British-financed study to recommend

Darwin's finches

Darwin now saw that, if the finch species were confined to individual islands, like the mockingbirds, this would help to account for the number of species on the islands, and he sought information from others on the expedition. Specimens had also been collected by Captain Robert FitzRoy, FitzRoy’s steward Harry Fuller, and Darwin's servant Covington, who had labelled them by island. From these, Darwin tried to reconstruct the locations from where he had collected his own specimens. The conclusions supported his idea of the transmutation of species. At the time that he rewrote his diary for publication as "Journal and

Hood mockingbird

Hood mockingbird The Hood mockingbird ("Mimus macdonaldi") also known as the Española mockingbird is a species of bird in the Mimidae family. It is endemic to Española Island in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, and it is one of four closely related mockingbird species endemic to the Galápagos archipelago. It is found in dry forests and is omnivorous, though it primarily is a carnivore or scavenger. The species has a highly territorial social structure and has no fear of humans. It is the only species of Galápagos mockingbird that Charles Darwin did not see or collect on the voyage of the

Robert Ridgway

a breeder of New England and southern Canada, has since been recognized as a distinct species. From specimens collected in 1888, Ridgway was the first to describe hood mockingbird, Española cactus finch, "Geospiza conirostris", and medium tree finch, all endemic to the Galápagos. The latter two are members of the so-called Darwin's finch group of tanagers, significant for their impact on Charles Darwin's reasoning about evolution and the emergence of new species. Robert Ridgway's career-crowning work, on bird systematics, was the monumental 6,000-page "The Birds of North and Middle America," published by the Smithsonian in eleven volumes between 1901 and

John Gould

10 January reported that birds from the Galápagos Islands which Darwin had thought were blackbirds, "gross-bills" and finches were in fact ""a series of ground Finches which are so peculiar"" as to form ""an entirely new group, containing 12 species."" This story made the newspapers. In March, Darwin met Gould again, learning that his Galápagos "wren" was another species of finch and the mockingbirds he had labelled by island were separate species rather than just varieties, with relatives on the South American mainland. Subsequently, Gould advised that the smaller southern Rhea specimen that had been rescued from a Christmas dinner


Question: Think a big animal and fill in the two missing blanks. ___, ___, Indian, Javan, Sumatran

white and black species of rhinoceros
White and black (species of rhinoceros)

Pierre-Médard Diard

binturong and sun bear. Several of these species were first described by French zoologists working at the Museum. Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest described the Malayan tapir in 1819; the Sunda stink badger and "Paradoxurus hermaphroditus bondar", a subspecies of the Asian palm civet in 1820; the Sunda pangolin, the Javan rhinoceros, the Malayan weasel, and the genus of "Semnopithecus" in 1822. In 1821, Raffles published descriptions of the species jointly collected by Diard and Duvaucel in Sumatra, including first descriptions of the sun bear, the binturong, the crab-eating macaque, the Sumatran surili, the siamang gibbon, the silvery lutung, the large bamboo

Mo (Chinese zoology)

script tentatively identified as "mo" < *"mˁak" (貘 or 獏) graphs. According to Harper, these Shang oracle and Zhou bronze inscriptions were more likely a name for a clan or place than a wild animal (Harper 2013: 194-195). Western zoologists first learned of both the Malayan tapir and giant panda in the 19th century. In January 1816, Major William Farquhar, the Resident of Malacca, sent the first account of the Malayan tapir to the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland with drawings of the animal and its skeleton. However, he did not assign a binomial name for the

Mo (Chinese zoology)

"xiongmao" repeated the "Cihai" error about a Xinjiang habitat, but it was corrected in the 1947 revised edition to read, "it inhabits the western part of Sichuan." In addition, the revised edition distinguished the two kinds of panda: "da xiongmao" ("large bear cat", giant panda) and "xiao xiongmao" ("small bear cat", lesser panda) (Harper 2013: 215). Until the 1970s, reference works uniformly defined Chinese "mo" as the scientific name for "tapir". For instance, the family Tapiridae is Chinese "moke" (貘科) and the genus Tapirus is "moshu" (貘属). "One man's speculation led to an event of modern cultural amnesia and the

Javan tiger

and the size of the available prey species in Java, which are smaller than the cervid and bovid species on the Asian mainland. However, the diameter of its tracks are larger than those of Bengal tiger in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. Charles Frederick Partington wrote that Javan and Sumatran tigers were strong enough to break legs of horses or buffaloes with their paws, even though they were not as heavy as Bengal tigers. At the end of the 19th century, the Javan tiger inhabited most of Java. Around 1850, people living in rural areas still considered it a plague. By

Javan tiger

than the Bali tiger, and similar in size to the Sumatran tiger. It usually had long and thin stripes, which were slightly more numerous than those of the Sumatran tiger. Its nose was long and narrow, occipital plane remarkably narrow and carnassials relatively long. Based on these cranial differences, the Javan tiger was proposed to be assigned to a distinct species, with the taxonomic name "Panthera sondaica". Males had a mean body length of and weighed between . Females were smaller than males and weighed between . The smaller body size of the Javan tiger is attributed to Bergmann’s rule

Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by the Southern Ocean or Antarctica, depending on the definition in use. Along its core, the Indian Ocean has some large marginal or regional seas such as the Arabian Sea, Laccadive Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Andaman Sea.

Cave painting

Cave painting

In archaeology, Cave paintings are a type of parietal art (which category also includes petroglyphs, or engravings), found on the wall or ceilings of caves. The term usually implies prehistoric origin, and the oldest known are more than 40,000 years old (art of the Upper Paleolithic) and found in the caves in the district of Maros (Sulawesi, Indonesia). The oldest are often constructed from hand stencils and simple geometric shapes.<ref name=Aubert2014>M. Aubert et al., "Pleistocene cave art from Sulawesi, Indonesia", "Nature" volume 514, pages 223–227 (09 October 2014).
"using uranium-series dating of coralloid speleothems directly associated with 12 human hand stencils and two figurative animal depictions from seven cave sites in the Maros karsts of Sulawesi, we show that rock art traditions on this Indonesian island are at least compatible in age with the oldest European art. The earliest dated image from Maros, with a minimum age of 39.9 kyr, is now the oldest known hand stencil in the world. In addition, a painting of a babirusa ('pig-deer') made at least 35.4 kyr ago is among the earliest dated figurative depictions worldwide, if not the earliest one. Among the implications, it can now be demonstrated that humans were producing rock art by ~40 kyr ago at opposite ends of the Pleistocene Eurasian world."</ref>
More recently, in 2021, cave art of a pig found in Sulawesi, Indonesia, and dated to over 45,500 years ago, has been reported.

A 2018 study claimed an age of 64,000 years for the oldest examples of non-figurative cave art in the Iberian Peninsula. Represented by three red non-figurative symbols found in the caves of Maltravieso, Ardales and La Pasiega, Spain, these predate the appearance of modern humans in Europe by at least 20,000 years and thus must have been made by Neanderthals rather than modern humans.<ref name=Hoffmann2018>
"we present dating results for three sites in Spain that show that cave art emerged in Iberia substantially earlier than previously thought. Uranium-thorium (U-Th) dates on carbonate crusts overlying paintings provide minimum
ages for a red linear motif in La Pasiega (Cantabria), a hand stencil in Maltravieso (Extremadura), and red-painted speleothems in Ardales (Andalucía). Collectively, these results show that cave art in Iberia is older than 64.8 thousand years (ka). This cave art is the earliest dated so far and predates, by at least 20 ka, the arrival of modern humans in Europe, which implies Neandertal authorship."</ref>

In November 2018, scientists reported the discovery of the then-oldest known figurative art painting, over 40,000 (perhaps as old as 52,000) years old, of an unknown animal, in the cave of Lubang Jeriji Saléh on the Indonesian island of Borneo.

Austronesian peoples

Austronesian peoples

The Austronesian peoples, sometimes referred to as Austronesian-speaking peoples, They also include indigenous ethnic minorities in Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Hainan, the Comoros, and the Torres Strait Islands.

They originated from a prehistoric seaborne migration, known as the Austronesian expansion, from southern asia and from pre-Han Taiwan, at around 1500 to 1000 BCE. Austronesians reached the northernmost Philippines, specifically the Batanes Islands, by around 2200 BCE. Austronesians used sails some time before 2000 BCE. In conjunction with their use of other maritime technologies (notably catamarans, outrigger boats, lashed-lug boat building, and the crab claw sail), this enabled their dispersal into the islands of the Indo-Pacific, culminating in the settlement of New Zealand . From 2000 BCE they assimilated (or were assimilated by) the earlier Paleolithic Negrito, and Australo-Melanesian Papuan populations. They reached as far as Easter Island to the east, Madagascar to the west, and New Zealand to the south. At the furthest extent, they might have also reached the Americas.

Aside from language, Austronesian peoples widely share cultural characteristics, including such traditions and technologies as tattooing, stilt houses, jade carving, wetland agriculture, and various rock art motifs. They also share domesticated plants and animals that were carried along with the migrations, including rice, bananas, coconuts, breadfruit, "Dioscorea" yams, taro, paper mulberry, chickens, pigs, and dogs.

Borobudur

Borobudur

Borobudur, also transcribed Barabudur (, ) is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Magelang Regency, not far from the town of Muntilan, in Central Java, Indonesia. It is the world's largest Buddhist temple.<ref name="Guiness" /><ref name="JakartaPost1" /><ref name="unesco-whc" /> The temple consists of nine stacked platforms, six square and three circular, topped by a central dome. It is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and originally 504 Buddha statues. The central dome is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues, each seated inside a perforated stupa.<ref name="p35-36" />

Built in the 9th century during the reign of the Sailendra Dynasty, the temple design follows Javanese Buddhist architecture, which blends the Indonesian indigenous tradition of ancestor worship and the Buddhist concept of attaining nirvāṇa. yet there are enough indigenous scenes and elements incorporated to make Borobudur uniquely Indonesian.<ref name="aOtRK" /><ref name="idyTD" /> The monument is a shrine to the Buddha and a place for Buddhist pilgrimage. The pilgrim journey begins at the base of the monument and follows a path around the monument, ascending to the top through three levels symbolic of Buddhist cosmology: "Kāmadhātu" (the world of desire), "Rūpadhātu" (the world of forms) and "Arūpadhātu" (the world of formlessness). The monument guides pilgrims through an extensive system of stairways and corridors with 1,460 narrative relief panels on the walls and the balustrades. Borobudur has one of the largest and most complete ensembles of Buddhist reliefs in the world.<ref name="unesco-whc" />

Evidence suggests that Borobudur was constructed in the 9th century and subsequently abandoned following the 14th-century decline of Hindu kingdoms in Java and the Javanese conversion to Islam.<ref name="Soekmono4" /> Worldwide knowledge of its existence was sparked in 1814 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, then the British ruler of Java, who was advised of its location by native Indonesians.<ref name="3L5mh" /> Borobudur has since been preserved through several restorations. The largest restoration project was undertaken between 1975 and 1982 by the Indonesian government and UNESCO, followed by the monument's listing as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.<ref name="unesco-whc" />

Borobudur is the largest Buddhist temple in the world, and ranks with Bagan in Myanmar and Angkor Wat in Cambodia as one of the great archeological sites of Southeast Asia. Borobudur remains popular for pilgrimage, with Buddhists in Indonesia celebrating Vesak Day at the monument. Borobudur is Indonesia's single most visited tourist attraction.<ref name="yZUgN" /><ref name="Hampton2004" /><ref name="Sedyawati1997" />

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Animal worship

in the Sumatran culture (Schnitger, 1938, p. 41). In North Borneo, however, wooden elephant figurines were placed on the top of a bamboo pole. This bamboo pole was only erected after the tribe chief had collected a certain number of human heads (Schnitger, 1938, p. 41). In North America the Algonquian tribes had as their chief deity a "mighty great hare" to whom they went at death. According to one account he lived in the east, according to another in the north. In his anthropomorphized form he was known as Menabosho or Michabo (Thomas 1911, p. 51). The deer is

Bangudae Petroglyphs

fish, heads of fish looking like sharks are depicted sideways, and there are salmon jumping above the sea surface. On later engravings there is the suggestion of a wooden fence, but since the inner outlines resemble fish and land animals are lacking the possibility of a fishpound has been considered. Most of the land animals are shown in a side view, which can best express the shape of four-limbed land animals. Some species can be classified according to the shape of body, skin patterns, the length of tail and legs, and the shoulder line. These include sika deer, red deer,

Elephant

as Ceylon) under the binomial "Elephas maximus" in 1758. In 1798, Georges Cuvier classified the Indian elephant under the binomial "Elephas indicus". Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck described the Sumatran elephant in 1847 under the binomial "Elephas sumatranus". English zoologist Frederick Nutter Chasen classified all three as subspecies of the Asian elephant in 1940. Asian elephants vary geographically in their colour and amount of depigmentation. The Sri Lankan elephant ("Elephas maximus maximus") inhabits Sri Lanka, the Indian elephant ("E. m. indicus") is native to mainland Asia (on the Indian subcontinent and Indochina), and the Sumatran elephant ("E. m. sumatranus") is

Chevrotain

(ಬರ್ಕ), in Malayalam, it is called "khooran", and the Konkani name for it is "barinka". The Tamil term is "sarukumāṉ" "leaf-pile deer". The Sinhalese name "meeminna" roughly translates to "mouse-like deer". This was used in the scientific name of the Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain, "M. meminna". The family is widespread and successful from the Oligocene (34 million years ago) through the Miocene (about 5 million years ago), but has remained almost unchanged over that time and remains as an example of primitive ruminant form. They have four-chambered stomachs to ferment tough plant foods, but the third chamber is poorly developed.

Eastern Ghats

palm civet "(Paradoxurus hermaphroditus)", small Indian civet "(Viverricula indica)", Madras treeshrew "(Anathana ellioti)", common grey mongoose "(Herpestes edwardsii)", sambar deer "(Rusa unicolor)", Indian crested porcupine "(Hystrix indica)", Indian bison "(Bos gaurus)", wild boar "(Sus scrofa)", common muntjac "(Muntiacus muntjak)", Indian leopard "(Panthera pardus fusca)", Bengal tiger "(Panthera tigris tigris)", dhole "(Cuon alpinus)", golden jackal "(Canis aureus)", Indian giant squirrel "(Ratufa indica)", Indian hare "(Lepus nigricollis)", Asian house shrew "(Suncus murinus)", tufted grey langur "(Semnopithecus priam)", Indian flying fox "(Pteropus giganteus)", bonnet macaque "(Macaca radiata)", rhesus macaque "(Macaca mulatta)", Bengal fox "(Vulpes bengalensis)", smooth-coated otter "(Lutrogale perspicillata)", jungle cat "(Felis chaus)",

Mo (Chinese zoology)

"Erya yintu" illustration is the only early example of this black and white "mo" depiction (Harper 2013: 209). Up until the late Qing dynasty (1644-1912), the Chinese name "mo" (貘) continued referring to both "giant panda" and "chimera with an elephant trunk, rhinoceros eyes, cow tail, and tiger paws", and owing to Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat's mix-up in the 1820s, "mo" was misidentified as the recently discovered "Malayan tapir". In 1416, Ma Huan (c. 1380–1460), who accompanied Admiral Zheng He on three of his seven expeditions to the Western Oceans, recorded the first Chinese sighting of a tapir in Palembang, South Sumatra.

Ambadevi rock shelters

plants. In a few places, green, white, black and yellow pigments have been used. The paintings are mainly of wild animals (tortoise, fish, birds), humans, palm impressions, geometric figures, hunting scenes, war scenes, and abstract geometrical figures. Pictographs are painted on vertical wall surfaces, roofs, and rock hollow cavities. The oldest pictograph, known as animal zoo, depicts carnivorous animals—tigers, leopards, hyenas, jackals, aardvark (an ant-eater-now extinct) and wild dogs; omnivorous animals—bears; and herbivorous animals—blue bulls, spotted deer, barasingha, sambar, Indian rhinoceros (now extinct in the region), sivatherium (animal similar to giraffe, now extinct); and many unidentifiable creatures. All the animals

Really Wild Animals

dhole, the proboscis monkey, the tiger, the Asian elephant, the orangutan, the white-bellied sea eagle, and the giant panda. The difference between myth and reality is put to the test in uncovering the lifestyles of all these creatures. This episode contains four songs. The first one is about all the Asian legends, and how much truth is in them (Legends in Asia); the second is about territories (Get Off of My Turf); the third is about animal roughhousing and how important it is (Roughhouse); and the fourth is about all the life, human, and animal, in Asia (Keep the Legends

Majapahit

five-colored parrots, (all of them can imitate the human voice), also guinea fowl, ' bird hanging upside down ', five-coloured pigeon, peacock, 'betel tree bird', pearl bird, and green pigeons. The beasts here are strange: there are white deer, white monkey, and various other animals. Pigs, goats, cattle, horses, poultries, and there are all types of ducks, however donkeys and geese are not found. For the fruits, there are all kinds of bananas, coconut, sugarcane, pomegranate, lotus, "mang-chi-shi" ("manggis" or mangosteen), watermelon and "lang Ch'a" ("langsat" or lanzones). "Mang-chi-shi" – is something like a pomegranate, peel it like an orange,

Alfred Duvaucel

the Malayan tapir, Sumatran rhinoceros, Javan rhinoceros, gibbons, leaf monkeys, two previously unknown fruit bat species, tree shrews, skunks, binturong and sun bear. Several of these species were first described by French zoologists working at the Museum. Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest described the Malayan tapir in 1819; the Sunda stink badger and "Paradoxurus hermaphroditus bondar", a subspecies of the Asian palm civet in 1820; the Sunda pangolin, the Malayan weasel and the genus of "Semnopithecus" in 1822. In 1821, Raffles published descriptions of the species jointly collected by Duvaucel and Diard in Sumatra, including first descriptions of the sun bear, the

Sumatran tiger

in other subspecies. Males have a prominent ruff, which is especially marked in the Sumatran tiger. The Sumatran tiger is one of the smallest tigers, and about the size of big leopards and jaguars. Males weigh and measure in length between the pegs with a greatest length of skull of . Females weigh and measure in length between the pegs with a greatest length of skull of . Charles Frederick Partington wrote that Sumatran and Javan tigers were strong enough to break legs of horses or buffaloes with their paws, even though they were not as heavy as Bengal tigers.

Javan rhinoceros

"Dicerorhinus", the Sumatran rhino. Other studies have suggested the Sumatran rhinoceros is more closely related to the two African species. The Sumatran rhino may have diverged from the other Asian rhinos 15 million years ago, or as far back as 25.9 million years ago based on mitochondrial data. The Javan rhino is smaller than the Indian rhinoceros, and is close in size to the black rhinoceros. It is the largest animal in Java and the second-largest animal in Indonesia after the Asian elephant. The length of the Javan rhino including its head is 2 to 4 metres (6.5 to 13

Sumatran tiger

Cat Classification Task Force of the Cat Specialist Group revised felid taxonomy and now recognizes the living and extinct tiger populations in Indonesia as "P. t. sondaica". Pocock first described the Sumatran tiger on the basis of several skull, pelage, and striping features, which are distinct from the Bengal and Javan tigers. It is darker in fur colour and has broader stripes than the Javan tiger. Stripes tend to dissolve into spots near their ends, and on the back, flanks and hind legs are lines of small, dark small spots between regular stripes. The frequency of stripes is higher than

Sumatran orangutan

Sumatran orangutan The Sumatran orangutan ("Pongo abelii") is one of the three species of orangutans. Found only in the north of the Indonesian island of Sumatra, it is rarer than the Bornean orangutan but more common than the recently identified Tapanuli orangutan, also of Sumatra. Its common name is based on two separate local words, "orang" ("people" or "person") and "hutan" ("forest"), and translates as 'person of the forest'. Male Sumatran orangutans grow to about tall and . Females are smaller, averaging and . Compared to the Bornean species, Sumatran orangutans are thinner and have longer faces; their hair is

Bigfoot

in 2014, the team used a previously published cleaning method to remove all surface contamination and the ribosomal mitochondrial DNA 12S fragment of the sample was sequenced and then compared to GenBank to identify the species origin. The samples submitted were from different parts of the world, including the United States, Russia, the Himalayas, and Sumatra. Other than one sample of human origin, all but two are from common animals. Black and brown bear accounted for most of the samples, other animals include cow, horse, dog/wolf/coyote, sheep, goat, raccoon, porcupine, deer and tapir. The last two samples were thought to