Question: June 17, 1994 saw a low speed chase up Interstate 405 as OJ Simpson was pursued by some of Los Angeles finest for a good 6 hours. What type of vehicle was OJ riding in?

Orenthal James
butcher of brentwood
O.J. Simpson
orenthal james
O.J Simpson
Butcher of Brentwood
Orenthal James Simpson
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juice
Orenthal J Simpson
O J Simpson
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O.j. simpson
O.J.Simpson
OJ Simpson
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white ford bronco
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OJ Simpsons
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O. J. Simpson
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White Ford Bronco
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Orenthal Simpson

Interstate 405 (California)

uncommon, perhaps the most famous chase in its history was also one of the slowest. On the afternoon of June 17, 1994, former football star O.J. Simpson, who was accused of murdering his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and waiter Ronald Goldman, took to the freeway in a white Ford Bronco (driven by former USC teammate Al Cowlings) with police in pursuit. A bizarre, widely televised low-speed chase ensued and ended hours later when Simpson returned to his Brentwood estate via the Sunset Boulevard exit and surrendered to law enforcement. Ennis Cosby, the only son of Bill Cosby, was murdered along

O. J. Simpson

of interest in their murders. Simpson did not turn himself in, and on June 17 he became the object of a low-speed pursuit in a white 1993 Ford Bronco SUV owned and driven by Al Cowlings. TV stations interrupted coverage of the 1994 NBA Finals to broadcast the incident live. With an estimated audience of 95 million people, the event was described as "the most famous ride on American shores since Paul Revere's". The pursuit, arrest, and trial were among the most widely publicized events in American history. The trial, often characterized as the Trial of the Century because of

O. J. Simpson murder case

their murders. He did not turn himself in, and on June 17 he became the object of a low-speed pursuit in a white 1993 Ford Bronco SUV owned and driven by Al Cowlings. TV stations interrupted coverage of the 1994 NBA Finals to broadcast the incident live. It was watched by an estimated audience of 95 million people. The pursuit, arrest, and trial were among the most widely publicized events in American history. The trial, often characterized as the trial of the century because of its international publicity similar to that of Sacco and Vanzetti and the Lindbergh kidnapping, spanned

O. J. Simpson murder case

At 6:45 p.m., police officer Ruth Dixon saw the Bronco head north on Interstate 405. When she caught up to it, Cowlings yelled out that Simpson was in the back seat of the vehicle and had a gun to his own head. The officer backed off, but followed the vehicle at , with up to 20 police cars following her in the chase. More than nine news helicopters eventually joined the pursuit; the high degree of media participation caused camera signals to appear on incorrect television channels. The chase was so long that one helicopter ran out of fuel, forcing

June 17th, 1994

that occurred during the chase of Simpson are as follows. June 17th, 1994 June 17th, 1994 is a documentary film by Brett Morgen released as part of ESPN's "30 for 30" series. The documentary details the events of June 17, 1994, in which several noteworthy sporting events occurred during the police chase of O. J. Simpson. Morgen says the diversity of the events provides an opportunity "to look at the soul of America". The documentary features no narration and also no interviews and consists simply of music set to clips from news sources during the day. There are rare clips

1947

1947

It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

2017 in American television

2017 in American television

The following is a list of events affecting American television in 2017. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, and cancellations; channel launches, closures, and re-brandings; stations changing or adding their network affiliations; and information about controversies and carriage disputes.

Wikipedia:In the news/Candidates/October 2017

Al Cowlings

at the funeral. The next day, despite agreeing to turn himself in to the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), Simpson never showed up at the Parker Center station like he was supposed to. Later that day, witnesses reported seeing Simpson riding in a white Ford Bronco, a vehicle owned and being driven by Cowlings, thus becoming the object of a low-speed chase by police cruisers on the freeways. During the chase, Cowlings made a 911 call from a cell phone and claimed that Simpson was armed with a gun pointed to his own head, demanding that Cowlings drive him to

O. J. Simpson murder case

its station to ask another for a camera feed. Radio station KNX-AM also provided live coverage of the low-speed pursuit. USC sports announcer Peter Arbogast and station producer Kash Limbach contacted former USC football coach John McKay to go on the air and encourage Simpson to end the pursuit. McKay agreed and asked Simpson to pull over and turn himself in instead of committing suicide; "My God, we love you, Juice. Just pull over and I'll come out and stand by you all the rest of my life", he promised. LAPD detective Tom Lange, who had previously interviewed Simpson about

O. J. Simpson murder case

two murders. Two days later, on June 23, the grand jury was dismissed as a result of excessive media coverage, which could have influenced its neutrality. Jill Shively, a Brentwood resident who testified that she saw Simpson speeding away from the area of Nicole's house on the night of the murders, told the grand jury that the Bronco almost collided with a Nissan at the intersection of Bundy and San Vicente Boulevard. Another grand jury witness, a cutlery salesman named Jose Camacho, said he had sold Simpson a 15-inch (380 mm) German-made knife, similar to the murder weapon, three weeks

June 17th, 1994

June 17th, 1994 June 17th, 1994 is a documentary film by Brett Morgen released as part of ESPN's "30 for 30" series. The documentary details the events of June 17, 1994, in which several noteworthy sporting events occurred during the police chase of O. J. Simpson. Morgen says the diversity of the events provides an opportunity "to look at the soul of America". The documentary features no narration and also no interviews and consists simply of music set to clips from news sources during the day. There are rare clips of sportscasters like Chris Berman and Bob Costas talking to

O. J. Simpson murder case

murders, similar to the riots in 1992 which occurred after the acquittal of four police officers for the beating of black motorist Rodney King (King's beating was captured on an amateur video). As a result, all Los Angeles police officers were put on 12-hour shifts. The police arranged for more than 100 police officers on horseback to surround the Los Angeles County courthouse on the day the verdict was announced, in case of rioting by the crowd. Simpson hired a team of high-profile defense lawyers, including Bailey, Kardashian, Shapiro, Dershowitz, Cochran, Uelmen (then the dean of law at Santa Clara

David Hasselhoff

he was scheduled to perform a concert on pay-per-view from Atlantic City. The concert was expected to help reignite his singing career in the United States. However, on the night of the concert, O. J. Simpson was involved in a police chase in southern California. Viewership of the concert was significantly lower than expected due to the live coverage of the chase, and the event was ultimately a $1.5 million loss. In May 2006, Hasselhoff returned to the spotlight after he was mentioned in an interview of Dirk Nowitzki, an NBA star playing for the Dallas Mavericks and a native

Al Cowlings

Simpson's Rockingham estate in Brentwood, or Simpson would kill himself. The slow-speed chase was televised on live TV from helicopter. It interrupted coverage of the 1994 NBA Finals, and was viewed by approximately 95 million people in the United States alone. During the chase, Cowlings famously told the police: "My name is A.C., you know who I am, God damn it!" The chase ended at Simpson's Brentwood home, where Simpson eventually surrendered to police after a nearly hour long wait. Cowlings was charged with a felony for aiding a fugitive and was released approximately 12 hours after his arrest on

O. J. Simpson

publicized trial. The families of the victims subsequently filed a civil suit against him, and in 1997 a civil court awarded a $33.5 million judgment against him for the victims' wrongful deaths. In 2007, Simpson was arrested in Las Vegas, Nevada, and charged with the felonies of armed robbery and kidnapping. In 2008, he was convicted and sentenced to 33 years imprisonment, with a minimum of nine years without parole. He served his sentence at the Lovelock Correctional Center near Lovelock, Nevada. On July 20, 2017, Simpson was granted parole. He was eligible for release from prison on October 1,

O. J. Simpson murder case

before he would surrender. The chase ended at 8:00 p.m. at his Brentwood estate, later, where his son, Jason, ran out of the house, "gesturing wildly", and 27 SWAT officers awaited. After remaining in the Bronco for about 45 minutes, Simpson was allowed to go inside for about an hour; a police spokesman stated that he spoke to his mother and drank a glass of orange juice, causing reporters to laugh. Shapiro arrived, and Simpson surrendered to authorities a few minutes later. In the Bronco, police found "$8,000 in cash, a change of clothing, a loaded .357 Magnum, a passport,

Rodney King

drinking at a friend's house in Los Angeles. At 12:30 a.m., officers Tim and Melanie Singer, husband and wife members of the California Highway Patrol, noticed King's car speeding on the freeway. They pursued King, and the pursuit reached high speeds, while King refused to pull over. King later admitted he tried to outrun the police because a charge of driving under the influence would violate his parole for his previous robbery conviction. King left the freeway near the Hansen Dam Recreation Center and the pursuit continued through residential streets at speeds ranging from . By this point, several police

O. J. Simpson murder case

bodies. The front door of Brown's house was wide open, but there were no signs of forced entry nor any evidence that anyone had entered the premises. Nothing inside was out of the ordinary. On Sunday, February 12, 1995, a long motorcade traveled to Brentwood and the jurors, prosecutors, defense lawyers, and Judge Ito made a two-hour inspection of the crime scene. It was followed by a three-hour tour of Simpson's estate. Simpson was under guard by several officers but did not wear handcuffs; he waited outside the crime scene in and around an unmarked police car and was permitted

Los Angeles Police Department

a high-speed car pursuit on March 3, 1991. After seven days of jury deliberations, the jury acquitted all four officers of assault and acquitted three of the four of using excessive force. The evening after the verdict, thousands of people in the Los Angeles area rioted over the six days following the verdict. Widespread looting, assault, arson, and murder occurred, and property damages totaled one billion dollars. In all, 53 people died during the riots. On 12 October 1996, LAPD Officers Rafael Pérez and Nino Durden entered the apartment of Javier Ovando. They shot the man in the back, paralyzing

O. J. Simpson

a tip that Simpson was involved in a major drug trafficking ring after 10 other suspects were arrested in the case. Simpson's home was thoroughly searched for two hours, but no illegal drugs were discovered, and no arrest or formal charges were filed following the search. However, investigators uncovered equipment capable of stealing satellite television programming, which eventually led to Simpson's being sued in federal court. On July 4, 2002, Simpson was arrested in Miami-Dade County, Florida, for water speeding through a manatee protection zone and failing to comply with proper boating regulations. The misdemeanor boating regulation charge was dropped,

O. J. Simpson

on the grounds that doing so would be immoral and scandalous. Simpson gave up the effort in 2000. In February 2001, Simpson was arrested in Miami-Dade County, Florida, for simple battery and burglary of an occupied conveyance, for yanking the glasses off another motorist during a traffic dispute three months earlier. If convicted, Simpson could have faced up to 16 years in prison, but he was tried and quickly acquitted of both charges in October 2001. On December 4, 2001, Simpson's Miami home was searched by the FBI on suspicion of ecstasy possession and money laundering. The FBI had received

O. J. Simpson

the Hertz rental car company, in whose commercials he was depicted running through airports, serving as an embodiment of speed; Simpson estimated that the very successful campaign raised the recognition rate among people he met from 30% to 90%. He was also a longtime spokesman for Pioneer Chicken and owned two franchises, one of which was destroyed during the 1992 Los Angeles riots; as well as HoneyBaked Ham, the pX Corporation, and Calistoga Water Company's line of Napa Naturals soft drinks. He also appeared in comic book ads for Dingo cowboy boots. At age 19 on June 24, 1967, Simpson


Question: Meaning Fox in Spanish, what was the secret identity of Don Diego De La Vega?

Zorro (comics)
alejandro de la vega
zorro
Don Diego de la Vega
don diego vega
Zorro
Zorro Productions, Inc.
Zorro, Don Diego de Vega
lady rawhide
Zorro Reborn
zorro productions inc
don diego de la vega
Alejandro de la Vega
zorro don diego de vega
Don Diego Vega
zorro reborn
Lady Rawhide
Alejandro Murrieta
zorro comics
alejandro murrieta
Diego de la Vega
diego de la vega

Don (honorific)

la Vega," or simply "Don Diego" (the secret identity of Zorro) are typical forms. But a form like "Don de la Vega" is not correct and would never be used by Spanish speakers. "Señor de la Vega" should be used instead. In North America, "Don" has also been made popular by films depicting the Mafia, such as "The Godfather" series, where the crime boss would claim for himself the signs of respect that were traditionally granted in Italy to nobility. This usage of the honorific in these films (e.g. Don Corleone, Don Barzini, etc.) is not common or correct in

El Zorro, la espada y la rosa

hero, Don Diego de la Vega, adopts the secret identity of Zorro, the masked avenger. Instead of being a Spaniard, however, Diego is now a mestizo born in the 1790s to a white father, Don Alejandro de la Vega, and his wife, a Native American warrior named Toypurnia, who was given the name Regina when she married Alejandro. Diego learned his acrobatics and fencing skills in Spain, under the tutelage of a great swordmaster. Remembering the injustices he saw as a child, he returned to his family's California hacienda. Now he lives as both a nobleman and a vigilante, fighting

Zorro (novel)

Zorro (novel) Zorro is a 2005 novel by Chilean author Isabel Allende. Its subject is the pulp hero Diego de la Vega, better known as El Zorro (The Fox), who was featured in an early 20th-century novel. The novel takes the form of a biography and was the first origin story for this legendary character. In terms of material, it is a prequel to Johnston McCulley's 1919 novella "The Curse of Capistrano," which first featured the character of Zorro. The story incorporates details from a variety of works that have featured the pulp hero, including the 1998 film "The Mask

Zorro (novel)

in this iteration helped to make Bernardo more integral to the series as Zorro's spy. It also helped to advance the plot by giving Diego a partner with whom he could confide feelings, plans, and intended actions, while also communicating these things to the viewers. In McCulley's work, Diego de la Vega was born in the late 18th century to a Spanish mother whose name is never reported consistently. The 1940 version of "The Mark of Zorro" lists her name as Isabella and the Disney television series gives her maiden name as de la Cruz. Sometime after her death, the

Garci Lasso de la Vega I

The Spanish nobles of Soria assaulted him with crossbows, driving de la Vega to seek cover at the Convent of San Francisco where he was eventually killed. Alfonso XI punished all those responsible, ordering their execution. According to Luis de Salazar y Castro, the origin of the "de la Vega" lineage could be Diego Gómez, son of count Gómez González de Manzanedo and countess Milia Pérez de Lara. Roy Díaz de la Vega, a son of Diego Gómez, sold a property in Valdeguña in 1229 declaring that he was the son of Diego Gómez. Nevertheless, the medievalist Carlos Estepa Díez

Zorro

El Zorro, la espada y la rosa

El Zorro, la espada y la rosa

El Zorro, la espada y la rosa ("The Sword and the Rose") is a Spanish-language telenovela based on Johnston McCulley's characters. Telemundo aired it from February 12 to July 23, 2007. This limited-run serial shows the masked crusader as a hero torn between his fight for justice and his love for a beautiful woman. Telemundo president Don Browne called this show "without doubt the best production offered on Hispanic television in the United States today."

This series was produced by Telemundo, Sony Pictures Television International (SPTI) and RTI Colombia. This series was filmed in Colombia.

It was the network's most successful series of 2007 and its biggest seller in international syndication. Sony Pictures Television International (SPTI) has asked Telemundo to produce a sequel.

Zorro (1957 TV series)

Zorro (1957 TV series)

Zorro (also known as Disney's Zorro) is an American action-adventure western series produced by Walt Disney Productions and starring Guy Williams. Based on the Zorro character created by Johnston McCulley in his 1919 novella, the series premiered on October 10, 1957, on ABC. The final network broadcast was July 2, 1959. Seventy-eight episodes were produced, and four hour-long specials were aired on the Walt Disney anthology series between October 30, 1960, and April 2, 1961.

The series is set in Los Angeles of 1820, when it was still part of Spanish California and before Mexican independence. Zorro aids Hispanic settlers and indigenous peoples oppressed by the rulers. A remastering, in which color was added, was released in 1992.

The Mask of Zorro

The Mask of Zorro

The Mask of Zorro is a 1998 American swashbuckler film based on the character of the masked vigilante Zorro created by Johnston McCulley. It was directed by Martin Campbell and stars Antonio Banderas, Anthony Hopkins, Catherine Zeta-Jones, and Stuart Wilson. The film features the original Zorro, Don Diego de la Vega (Hopkins), escaping from prison to find his long-lost daughter (Zeta-Jones) and avenge the death of his wife at the hands of the corrupt governor Rafael Montero (Wilson). He is aided by his successor (Banderas), who is pursuing his own vendetta against the governor's right-hand man while falling in love with de la Vega's daughter.

Executive producer Steven Spielberg had initially developed the film for TriStar Pictures with directors Mikael Salomon and Robert Rodriguez, before Campbell signed on in 1996. Salomon cast Sean Connery as Don Diego de la Vega, while Rodriguez brought Banderas in the lead role. Connery dropped out and was replaced with Hopkins, and "The Mask of Zorro" began filming in January 1997 at Estudios Churubusco in Mexico City, Mexico.

The film was released in the United States on July 17, 1998 to critical and commercial success, grossing $250 million on a $95 million budget. "The Legend of Zorro", a sequel also starring Banderas and Zeta-Jones and directed by Campbell, was released in 2005, but did not fare as well as its predecessor.<ref name="EbertLegend" />

The Mark of Zorro (1940 film)

The Mark of Zorro (1940 film)

The Mark of Zorro is a 1940 American black-and-white swashbuckling Western film from 20th Century Fox directed by Rouben Mamoulian, produced by Darryl F. Zanuck, and starring Tyrone Power, Linda Darnell, and Basil Rathbone. The supporting cast features Eugene Pallette, Gale Sondergaard and Robert Lowery (the second actor to portray Batman on film).

"The Mark of Zorro" was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Score. The film was named to the National Film Registry in 2009 by the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant", and to be preserved for all time.

The film is based on the novel "The Curse of Capistrano" by Johnston McCulley, originally published in 1919 in five serialized installments in "All-Story Weekly", which introduced the masked hero Zorro; the story is set in Southern California during the early 19th century. After the enormous success of the silent 1920 film adaptation, the story was republished under that name by Grosset & Dunlap.

Diego de Vega

Diego de Vega Diego de Vega (1570-1630s) was a Portuguese merchant and financier. He was the first banker in Buenos Aires during the viceroyalty of Peru. Born 1570 in Lisboa (Portugal), belonging to a family of Jews converted to Catholicism. He arrived at the port of Buenos Aires in 1601 and was married on July 8, 1605 to Blanca de Vasconcelos, daughter of Mendo de Vasconcelos and Juana de Atouguia. Diego de Vega had contacts in various regions outside the Viceroyalty of Peru, Brazil and Lisboa are some of the places where he operated his business of smuggling. He came

José de la Guerra y Noriega

last stronghold held by the Moors was Granada. The Spanish fortress in Granada was commanded by a commander whose name was "De La Vega". Don Juan De La Vega led a battle that led to the annihilation of the Moors and a complete reunification of Spain. Upon learning of this, King Ferdinand I summonded De La Vega to his court. De La Vega was at first reprimanded severely for starting his battle against the Moors on a Sunday, which was forbidden by Spanish law, and then the King had him kneel and knighted him. Thereupon, changing his name from "De

The Mark of Zorro (1920 film)

ranchero Don Alejandro in the old Spanish California of the early 19th century. Seeing the mistreatment of the peons by rich landowners and the oppressive colonial government, Don Diego, who is not as effete as he pretends, has taken the identity of the masked Robin Hood-like rogue Señor Zorro ("Mr. Fox"), champion of the people, who appears out of nowhere to protect them from the corrupt administration of Governor Alvarado, his henchman the villainous Captain Juan Ramon and the brutish Sergeant Pedro Gonzales (Noah Beery, Wallace Beery's older half-brother). With his sword flashing and an athletic sense of humor, Zorro

Zorro

and cunning for the bumbling authorities to catch, and he also delights in publicly humiliating them. Zorro is an acrobat and an expert in various weapons, but the one he employs most frequently is his rapier, which he uses often to carve the initial "Z" on his defeated foes, and other objects. He is also an accomplished rider, his trusty steed being a black horse called Tornado. Zorro is the secret identity of Don Diego de la Vega (originally "Don Diego Vega"), a young man who is the only son of Don Alejandro de la Vega (originally "Don Alejandro Vega"),

Zorro (novel)

medallion as being the same as that of de Leon's. Escalante invites Diego to join La Justicia and they begin to train for his initiation test where Diego is tested physically in his fighting against members of La Justicia. Diego passes the test and joins La Justicia and takes the name Zorro meaning 'fox'. Diego learns that Amalia has been arrested and is being held prisoner. Diego, dressed as Zorro, sneaks into the palace to convince Le Chavalier Duchamp, Napoleon's emissary to Spain, to release the hostages which he does under threat of his daughter's life. Moncada and Diego continue

Zorro, The Gay Blade

Vega. In 1840s Madrid, Spain, Don Diego de la Vega is in bed with a married woman. They are caught by her husband, Garcia, and Diego must sword fight with him and his five brothers. During the altercation, Diego's mute servant Paco reads (via gestures) a letter from Diego's father ordering Diego's return to California. Diego and Paco jump from a high wall into a waiting carriage. When the two arrive in Los Angeles, they are met by Diego's childhood friend Esteban, who is now capitán of the guard. He has married Florinda, for whom the men competed when they

Zorro (novel)

of Zorro". Allende's story is split into six parts, each part dealing with one stage of Diego de la Vega's life, with the last part serving as the epilogue. The novel chronicles Diego's upbringing as well as the origins of his Zorro alter ego. He goes to America to find his dream. Captain Alejandro de la Vega, a seasoned Spanish soldier, is sent to the San Gabriel mission run by Padre Mendoza, an experienced Franciscan priest, due to a series of savage attacks at other missions. Led by a warrior chief named Chief Gray Wolf, the Indians want to destroy

Diego de la Vega (Contador)

Diego de la Vega (Contador) Diego de la Vega (1770s–1812) was a Spanish nobleman, Contador Mayor in the Tribunal de Cuentas de Buenos Aires during the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. He also served as Minister of Real Hacienda de Buenos Aires. Diego de la Vega was born in León, Spain, son of Juan Antonio de la Vega and Isabel Pascual Álvarez, belonging to an eminent family. He had arrived in the port of Buenos Aires, around the year 1803, to take charge of the position entrusted to him by the king as Inspector General of the Royal

The Mask of Zorro

map from the swordsman, but he seduces her, leading to a passionate kiss before he flees. Terrified of Santa Anna's retribution if he discovers that he is being paid with his own gold, Montero, at Love's urging, decides to destroy the mine and kill the workers. De la Vega tells Alejandro to release the workers on his own so that de La Vega can reclaim Elena. Alejandro sets off, feeling betrayed by Diego's vendetta. De la Vega corners Montero at the hacienda and reveals his identity, but Montero captures him by threatening Elena. As he is taken away, de la

Luis Laso de la Vega

Luis Laso de la Vega Luis Laso de la Vega (or Luis Lasso de la Vega) was a 17th-century Mexican priest and lawyer. He is known chiefly as the author of the "Huei tlamahuiçoltica" ("The Great Happening"), an account published in 1649 and written in the Nahuatl language, which contains a narrative describing the reported apparition of the Virgin Mary before Saint Juan Diego in 1531, some 117 years earlier. The account describes the appearance of the apparition to Juan Diego (an indigenous convert to Roman Catholicism, whose original pre-conversion name is given as Cuauhtlatoatzin) at the hill of Tepeyac.

Don Q, Son of Zorro

the villain Don Sebastian. The film was well-received: the "New York Times" rated it one of its top ten movies of 1925. Don Diego de la Vega (Zorro)'s son, Cesar (Douglas Fairbanks), is in Spain finishing his education. While Cesar is showing off to friends his remarkable prowess with the whip, he accidentally clips off the feather shako on the hat of Don Sebastian (Donald Crisp) of the Palace Guard. Although Cesar apologizes immediately, Sebastian is unforgiving. Their duel is interrupted by a runaway bull. Trapped on the ground with his sword belt tangled in his boot, certain to be

Garci Lasso de la Vega I

Garci Lasso de la Vega I Garci Lasso de la Vega I, also known as "el Viejo" (d. 1326, Soria) was a Spanish noble in the service of King Alfonso XI of Castile. He was the chancellor of the Kingdom of Castile, an adelantado of the King. He later became the chief justice of the King and gained vast properties in Asturias de Santillana and feudal land tenures and vassal towns in more than fifteen areas throughout Castile. He went to Soria in 1326 to recruit allies against "infante" Don Juan Manuel who had been consistently violating the King's territories.

Zorro (novel)

Moncada and forces him to sign the confession of his guilt and treasons, and forces him to return to Spain holding the document in case he becomes a bother. Diego clears his father’s name and has the charges dropped by the governor. Diego eventually becomes Don Diego de La Vega, a wealthy gentleman, but at night rides for justice with his two friends, Isabel and Bernardo. Allende uses a mix of fictional characters borrowed from earlier Zorro works and invented for the novel, along with a smattering of historical characters. "Zorro" contains numerous explicit references to Zorro works created before

Diego del Alcázar, 10th Marquis of la Romana

that is one of the most pointed episodes of Spanish military history. The Third Marquis of la Romana is the example of the trajectory of a cultured polyglot, who enjoyed telling anecdotes such as the episode in which Manuel de Godoy offered him a false clock. He was an enlightened man who knew how to rise to the heights that the historic moment asked of him. In 2007 and 2008 the figure of this cultivated man was commemorated, Patron of the Arts, artifice of a splendid library and a magnificent collection of paintings of Francisco de Goya, belonging to the

The Mark of Zorro (1940 film)

the common people are now mistreated by the corrupt Alcalde, Luis Quintero (J. Edward Bromberg), who had forced his father from the position of Alcalde. Don Diego adopts the guise of El Zorro ("The Fox"), a masked outlaw dressed entirely in black, who becomes the defender of the common people and a champion for justice. In the meantime he romances the Alcalde's beautiful and innocent niece, Lolita (Linda Darnell), whom he grows to love. As part of his plan, Don Diego simultaneously flirts with the Alcalde's wife Inez (Gale Sondergaard), filling her head with tales of Madrid fashion and culture


Question: Name the year: The Macintosh is introduced, Louisiana hosted the last World’s Fair to be held in the US, Vanessa Williams resigns her Miss America crown, Band Aid records the song “Do They Know It’s Christmas” for famine relief, Union Carbide wipes out a good chunk of Bhopal, India

one thousand nine hundred and eighty four

one thousand, nine hundred and eighty-four

National Christmas Tree (United States)

Finally, the President's Park unit of the National Park Service began administering the music portion of the pageant. The National Christmas Tree Growers Association provided cut trees for the Pageant of Peace in 1997, and another limited edition print was sold to raise money for the event. But in 1998, tree grower Ron Hudler of North Carolina agreed to begin donating cut trees for the festival. Polk Aristo-Craft began providing the model train, and for the first time refreshments were sold. To celebrate the millennium on December 31, 1999, the National Christmas Tree's lights turned white at midnight. The following

Do They Know It's Christmas?

single's worldwide success in raising awareness and financial relief for the victims of the Ethiopian famine led the recording of several other charity singles in the UK and in other countries, such as "We Are the World" by USA for Africa. The song also led to various spin-off charity events, such as Comic Relief, and the Live Aid concert which would take place seven months later in July 1985. "Do They Know It's Christmas?" was re-recorded three times: in 1989, 2004, and 2014. All the re-recordings were also charity records; the 1989 and 2004 versions also provide money for famine

Indecision (band)

at a Union Carbide India Limited plant in Bhopal, India, results in tragic loss of life in what is known as the Bhopal disaster, when up to 20,000 people lost their lives. In 1999 they tried their luck at another label, putting out Release the Cure on M.I.A. Records (and on Overcome Records in Europe). This, arguably their most highly acclaimed album, would be their last. The lyrical content was notably more socio-political with songs questioning the government and health care and conspiracy theories in regard to AIDS and cancer research. It was the first album recorded with full songs

National Christmas Tree (United States)

the Pageant of Peace. Officials said the cost of transporting the animals to and from Maine was too prohibitive. "Reindeer" (actually fallow deer from Virginia) returned to the pageant the following year. President Reagan lit the tree from inside the White House in 1986, 1987, and 1988. The 1987 tree lighting ceremony was held on December 7 (almost a week early) due to the arrival of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev for a summit meeting to be held December 8. American Marketing (the former Westport Marking) again proposed the sale of a tree ornament and was again turned down. Opposition to

This World Fair

Ari Herstand's 2008 album, "Whispering Endearments", at Pachyderm Studio near Minneapolis. This World Fair headlined the Chipotle Rhythm Kitchen stage at Summerfest in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and co-headlined a national tour with the Universal Motown band Barcelona in the mid-2008. "This World Fair" was released on December 16, 2008. The album was originally to be released in 2007, but it faced an eighteen-month delay due to the closing of Rethink. The album is This World Fair's first release on an international scale. It was produced in late 2007 by Al Clay at Sonic Ranch studios. During the writing process for the

Band Aid (band)

victims in Western Africa and preventing its spread. As in previous incarnations, the group covered the track "Do They Know It's Christmas?", written in 1984 by Geldof and Ure. The song was recorded by some of the biggest-selling current British and Irish pop acts, including One Direction, Sam Smith, Ed Sheeran, Emeli Sandé, Ellie Goulding and Rita Ora. Bastille and Take That also took part, along with Chris Martin (Coldplay) and Bono (U2)—the third time he contributed to a Band Aid recording. Their version of the song debuted at the chart's summit during the week of its release, then dropped

Apollo Club of Minneapolis

the background of the film's finale." INAUGURAL BALL, PRESIDENT EISENHOWER "Performed in 1957 as part of the inaugural festivities in Washington D.C., launching President Dwight Eisenhower's second term in office." BRUSSELS' WORLD FAIR "Garnered fame on the global stage by performing at Expo 58 in 1958." EISTEDDFOD INTERNATIONAL CHORAL COMPETITION, WALES "Earned the distinguished honor of second place in this world competition in 1982 — being the first chorus in any category to place in the top three of first-time performers." INTERNATIONAL CHORAL KATHAUMIXW FESTIVAL "Held in British Columbia, Canada, Apollo performed and placed second in the "Equal Voice Choir"

We Are the World

African famine relief came from activist Harry Belafonte, who, along with fundraiser Ken Kragen, was instrumental in bringing the vision to reality. Several musicians were contacted by the pair, before Jackson and Richie were assigned the task of writing the song. The duo completed the writing of "We Are the World" seven weeks after the release of "Do They Know It's Christmas?", and one night before the song's first recording session, on January 21, 1985. The historic event brought together some of the most famous artists in the music industry at the time. The song was released on March 7,

We Are the World

for some time to have a song recorded by the most famous artists in the music industry at the time. He planned to have the proceeds donated to a new organization called United Support of Artists for Africa (USA for Africa). The non-profit foundation would then feed and relieve starving people in Africa, specifically Ethiopia, where around one million people died during the country's 1983–1985 famine. The idea followed Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas?" project in the UK, which Belafonte had heard about. He also planned money to be set aside to help eliminate hunger in the United

Charity record

using artistic talent as art for charity. Some of the other early charity records came from the January 1979 Music for UNICEF Concert, with the likes of ABBA's "Chiquitita" and the Bee Gees' "Too Much Heaven" released as singles, all the royalties from which went to UNICEF. Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas?" in November 1984 began the revolution of the charity record, which would be popularised throughout the 1980s. In the United States, charity records reached their peak with USA for Africa's "We Are the World" in 1985, but then essentially died out afterwards. In the United Kingdom,

Marilyn (singer)

greet him at Melbourne Airport. Film footage of his arrival was broadcast on that evening's television news. While in Australia, he was attacked and kicked in the face by a member of the public at the Exchange Hotel, a gay bar venue in Sydney, sustaining a bruised eye from the incident. In late 1984, Marilyn took part in the Band Aid charity single "Do They Know It's Christmas" along with various other pop stars of the era. In early 1985, now facing financial difficulties and being forced to give up his London home, Phonogram Records dispatched him to Detroit, Michigan,

It's a Small World

of international unity, and singing the attraction's title song, which has a theme of global peace. According to Time.com, the Sherman Brothers' song "It's A Small World" is the most publicly performed song of all time. Fabricated at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank as "Children of the World", it was created by WED Enterprises, then shipped to the 1964 New York World's Fair's UNICEF pavilion, sponsored by Pepsi, where it featured at its entrance a kinetic sculpture, "The Tower of the Four Winds", a 120-foot perpetually spinning mobile created by WED designer Rolly Crump. It was added to four

1985 in British music

later in 2005, with Live 8. After the huge success of Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas?", several more charity songs reached number 1 this year. USA for Africa, inspired by Band Aid, released "We Are the World", a song written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie, while David Bowie and Mick Jagger released a cover of "Dancing In The Street", the music video being premiered at Live Aid and all proceeds going to the charity. In May, a fire at a football stadium in Bradford killed 56 people, and supergroup The Crowd released a charity cover of popular

Sugarland

Oslo, Norway on December 11 for the Nobel Peace Prize Concert. On Saturday, November 26, 2011, Jennifer Nettles married her boyfriend of two years, Justin Miller, in a sunset ceremony at Blackberry Farms in East Tennessee. Miller, a former model was featured in the band's 2006 hit song, "Want To". Sugarland took some time off in the beginning of 2012, to "chill and relax and sleep in our own beds and contemplate how we want to approach what's next." Sugarland's Jennifer Nettles paired with Pepsi Max and recorded a commercial for Super Bowl XLVI. Nettles recorded Hank Williams' "Your Cheatin'

Louisiana Purchase Exposition

site of the Missouri building with profits from the fair in 1909–10. Festival Hall, designed by Cass Gilbert and used for large-scale musical pageants, contained the largest organ in the world at the time, built by the Los Angeles Art Organ Company (which went bankrupt as a result). After the fair, the organ was placed into storage, and eventually purchased by John Wanamaker for his new Wanamaker's store in Philadelphia where it became known as the Wanamaker Organ. The famous Bronze Eagle in the Wanamaker Store also came from the Fair. It features hundreds of hand-forged bronze feathers and was

We Are the World

World" was promoted with a music video, a video cassette, and several other items made available to the public, including books, posters, shirts and buttons. All proceeds from the sale of official USA for Africa merchandise went directly to the famine relief fund. All of the merchandise sold well; the video cassette—entitled "We Are the World: The Video Event"—documented the making of the song, and became the ninth best-selling home video of 1985. All of the video elements were produced by Howard G. Malley and Craig B. Golin along with April Lee Grebb as the production supervisor. The music video

Band Aid (band)

United Kingdom. To do so, the artists recorded a hit single titled "Do They Know It's Christmas?" depicting the poverty stricken African scenery of the time. Lyrics of the song included description of the country saying, "where nothing ever grows, no rain or rivers flow, do they know it's Christmas time at all?" Ethiopia follows the Orthodox calendar where Christmas is celebrated on the seventh of January, however, when the song was recorded (during the 1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia), the country had a Communist government and as such religious festivals were not celebrated. Geldof was so moved by the plight

Ford Global Anthem

people at the closing ceremony of the Rugby World Cup final at Cardiff Arms Park in Church's hometown of Cardiff in Wales in November 1999, and numerous concerts and events around the world, including Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York in 1999. The commercial was directed by Edouard Nammour and produced by New York production company Atherton. Filming began in Argentina on May 10 and finished on August 6, 1999 in Vancouver Canada, it took over ninety days in fifteen locations in nine countries: Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, England, Germany, Italy, Japan and the USA. The crew captured 200

1982 World's Fair

as Porter Wagoner and Ricky Skaggs performed as the gates opened. A six-month pass to the fair sold for $100 (). The fair drew over 11 million visitors, making it one of the most popular world's fairs in US history, and even turned a small profit ($57), but short of the projected $5 million surplus. Knoxville itself was left with a $46 million debt. Participating nations included Australia, Belgium, Canada, People's Republic of China, Denmark, Egypt, France, Greece, People's Republic of Hungary, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Panama, Peru, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, the United Kingdom, the

J. D. Grey

the Salvation Army in New Orleans, vice-chairman of the Louisiana State Board of Corrections, and a board member of the Association for Retarded Children, the American Red Cross, United Givers Fund, and the Boy Scouts of America. He was active for three decades in Kiwanis International, which gave him a "Legion of Honor" certificate. In 1984, long after he had retired as a pastor, Grey was an advisor for the 1984 Louisiana World Exposition held at the site of the defunct Rivergate Convention Center. This was the last world's fair to have been held in the United States. For his


Question: Luminol, a chemical that exhibits chemiluminescence, is often used by forensic examiners to try and detect trace amounts of what?

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blood type ab
Abo blood type
abo grouping
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H substance
b antigen
substance h
abo blood group
o type blood
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ABO blood system
B blood
ABO blood types
isohemagglutinin
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abo blood groups
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type o blood
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Substance H
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Luminol

Luminol Luminol (CHNO) is a chemical that exhibits chemiluminescence, with a blue glow, when mixed with an appropriate oxidizing agent. Luminol is a white-to-pale-yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in most polar organic solvents, but insoluble in water. Forensic investigators use luminol to detect trace amounts of blood at crime scenes, as it reacts with the iron in hemoglobin. Biologists use it in cellular assays to detect copper, iron, cyanides, as well as specific proteins via western blotting. When luminol is sprayed evenly across an area, trace amounts of an activating oxidant make the luminol emit a blue glow that

Chemiluminescence

the detection limit for most assay systems. Chemiluminescence has been applied by forensic scientists to solve crimes. In this case, they use luminol and hydrogen peroxide. The iron from the blood acts as a catalyst and reacts with the luminol and hydrogen peroxide to produce blue light for about 30 seconds. Because only a small amount of iron is required for chemiluminescence, trace amounts of blood are sufficient. In biomedical research, the protein that gives fireflies their glow and its co-factor, luciferin, are used to produce red light through the consumption of ATP. This reaction is used in many applications,

Luminol

find traces of blood, even if someone has cleaned or removed it. The investigator sprays a solution of luminol and the oxidant. The iron in blood catalyses the luminescence. The amount of catalyst necessary to cause the reaction is very small relative to the amount of luminol, allowing detection of even trace amounts of blood. The blue glow lasts for about 30 seconds per application. Detecting the glow requires a fairly dark room. Any glow detected may be documented by a long-exposure photograph. Luminol has drawbacks that can limit its use in a crime scene investigation: Luminol Luminol (CHNO) is

Luminol

emission of energy as a photon. This emission produces the blue glow. In 1928, German chemist H. O. Albrecht found that blood, among other substances, enhanced the luminescence of luminol in an alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide. In 1936, Karl Gleu and Karl Pfannstiel confirmed this enhancement in the presence of haematin, a component of blood. In 1937, German forensic scientist Walter Specht made extensive studies of luminol's application to the detection of blood at crime scenes. In 1939, San Francisco pathologists Frederick Proescher and A. M. Moody made three important observations about luminol: Crime scene investigators use luminol to

Eclox

oxidation of luminol in the presence of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP), an oxygen source, and an enhancer such as 4-iodophenol. Eclox 3 Eclox Eclox, which stands for "Enhanced ChemiLuminescence and OXyradical test for water quality analysis", is a rapid toxicity technology that has been shown to correlate with other established toxicity tests. Rapid toxicity testing is unable to identify specific contaminants or their concentrations and instead function as a screening tool to quickly determine whether water is potentially toxic. Eclox ECL is a broadband enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) assay that can be used to qualitatively assess a water sample to

Luminol

can be seen in a darkened room. The glow only lasts about 30 seconds, but investigators can document the effect with a long-exposure photograph. Crime scene investigators must apply it evenly to avoid misleading results, as blood traces appear more concentrated in areas that receive more spray. The intensity of the glow does not indicate the amount of blood or other activator present, but only shows the distribution of trace amounts in the area. Luminol may be synthesized by reverse-phosphorescence, two-step process. It begins from 3-nitrophthalic acid. First, hydrazine (NH) is heated with the 3-nitrophthalic acid in a high-boiling solvent

Luminol

the hydrogen peroxide decomposes to form oxygen and water: Laboratory settings often use potassium ferricyanide or potassium periodate for the catalyst. In the forensic detection of blood, the catalyst is the iron present in haemoglobin. Enzymes in a variety of biological systems may also catalyse the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Luminol reacts with the hydroxide ion, forming a dianion. The oxygen produced from the hydrogen peroxide then reacts with the luminol dianion. The product of this reaction—an unstable organic peroxide—is made by the loss of a nitrogen molecule, the change of electrons from excited state to ground state, and the

Chemiluminescence

including the effectiveness of cancer drugs that choke off a tumor's blood supply. This form of bioluminescence imaging allows scientists to test drugs in the pre-clinical stages cheaply. Another protein, aequorin, found in certain jellyfish, produces blue light in the presence of calcium. It can be used in molecular biology to assess calcium levels in cells. What these biological reactions have in common is their use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source. Though the structure of the molecules that produce luminescence is different for each species, they are given the generic name of luciferin. Firefly luciferin can be

Forensic chemistry

as the most common item of interest tested with HPLC, pharmaceuticals, have UV absorbance. Gas chromatography (GC) performs the same function as liquid chromatography, but it is used for volatile mixtures. In forensic chemistry, the most common GC instruments use mass spectrometry as their detector. GC-MS can be used in investigations of arson, poisoning, and explosions to determine exactly what was used. In theory, GC-MS instruments can detect substances whose concentrations are in the femtogram () range. However, in practice, due to signal-to-noise ratios and other limiting factors, such as the age of the individual parts of the instrument, the

Fritz Feigl

Poor populations by the Amazon rivers were taught to easily use that technique to find out contaminated fishes and discharge them. On the occasion of Feigl's 70th birthday the Chemical Society of Midland sponsored a symposium in 1962 , attended by 500 scientists from 24 countries, in which all plenary sessions were related on spot tests. A less known contribution is the development of "luminol", a substance used by forensic investigators to detect presence of blood, even if the scene is washed and cleaned. Fritz Feigl Fritz Feigl (15 May 1891 – 23 January 1971) was a Jewish Austrian-born chemist.

C-4 (explosive)

as DMNB, it can be detected with an explosive vapor detector before it has been detonated. A variety of methods for explosive residue analysis may be used to identify C-4. These include optical microscope examination and scanning electron microscopy for unreacted explosive, chemical spot tests, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), X-ray crystallography, and infrared spectroscopy for products of the explosive chemical reaction. Small particles of C-4 may be easily identified by mixing with thymol crystals and a few drops of sulfuric acid. The mixture will become rose colored upon addition of a small quantity of ethyl alcohol. RDX has a high birefringence,

Forensic serology

solid components consisting of red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). To detect blood at a crime scene an array of tests can be used. The most publicized test by crime shows is the Luminol process in which a chemical is sprayed onto a surface where blood is suspected to be. The chemical reacts with traces of blood, and fluoresces under UV light. However, this technique can produce false positives because metals and strong chemicals such as bleach will also fluoresce. Another common presumptive test is the Kastle-Meyer or Phenolphthalein test. This is a catalytic test

Chemiluminescence

Chemiluminescence Chemiluminescence (also chemoluminescence) is the emission of light (luminescence), as the result of a chemical reaction. There may also be limited emission of heat. Given reactants A and B, with an excited intermediate ◊, For example, if [A] is luminol and [B] is hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a suitable catalyst we have: where: The decay of this excited state[◊] to a lower energy level causes light emission. In theory, one photon of light should be given off for each molecule of reactant. This is equivalent to Avogadro's number of photons per mole of reactant. In actual practice,

Forensic chemistry

High-performance liquid chromatography can be used to extract individual components from a mixture dissolved in a solution. HPLC is used for nonvolatile mixtures that would not be suitable for gas chromatography. This is useful in drug analysis where the pharmaceutical is a combination drug since the components would separate, or elute, at different times allowing for the verification of each component. The eluates from the HPLC column are then fed into various detectors that produce a peak on a graph relative to its concentration as it elutes off the column. The most common type of detector is an ultraviolet-visible spectrometer

Chemiluminescence

light is "generated" from a chemically exothermic reaction. The chemiluminescence might be also induced by an electrochemical stimulus, in this case is called electrochemiluminescence. A standard example of chemiluminescence in the laboratory setting is the luminol test. Here, blood is indicated by luminescence upon contact with iron in hemoglobin. When chemiluminescence takes place in living organisms, the phenomenon is called bioluminescence. A light stick emits light by chemiluminescence. Chemiluminescence in aqueous system is mainly caused by redox reactions. In chemical kinetics, "infrared chemiluminiscence" (IRCL) refers to the emission of infrared photons from vibrationally excited product molecules immediately after their formation.

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

court, need to be highly accurate. GC-MS is increasingly used for detection of illegal narcotics, and may eventually supplant drug-sniffing dogs. A simple and selective GC-MS method for detecting marijuana usage was recently developed by the Robert Koch-Institute in Germany. It involves identifying an acid metabolite of tetrahyhydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient in marijuana, in urine samples by employing derivatization in the sample preparation. GC-MS is also commonly used in forensic toxicology to find drugs and/or poisons in biological specimens of suspects, victims, or the deceased. In drug screening, GC-MS methods frequently utilize liquid-liquid extraction as a part of sample

Forensic chemistry

for ricin's precursors, the seeds of the castor oil plant. Forensic chemists also help to confirm or refute investigators' suspicions in drug or alcohol cases. The instruments used by forensic chemists can detect minute quantities, and accurate measurement can be important in crimes such as driving under the influence as there are specific blood alcohol content cutoffs where penalties begin or increase. In suspected overdose cases, the quantity of the drug found in the person's system can confirm or rule out overdose as the cause of death. Throughout history, a variety of poisons have been used to commit murder, including

Perfluorotributylamine

dioxide in the solvent, as well as the low viscosity and toxicity. It is also a component of Fluorinert coolant liquids. CPUs of some computers are immersed in this liquid to facilitate cooling. The compound is used as a calibrant in gas chromatography when the analytical technique uses mass spectrometry as a detector to identify and quantify chemical compounds in gases or liquids. When undergoing ionization in the mass spectrometer, the compound decomposes in a repeatable pattern to form fragments of specific masses, which can be used to tune the mass response and accuracy of the mass spectrometer. Most commonly

Forensic toxicology

The trend today is to use liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, preceded with sample workup as liquid-liquid extraction or solid phase extraction. Older methods include: spot test (see Pill testing), typically the Marquis Reagent, Mecke Reagent, and Froehde's reagent for opiates, Marquis Reagent and Simon's reagent for amphetamine, methamphetamine and other analogs, like MDMA, the Scott's test for cocaine, and the modified Duquenois reagent for marijuana and other cannabinoids. For compounds that don't have a common spot test, like benzodiazepines, another test may be used, typically mass spectrometry, or spectrophotometry. Forensic toxicology Forensic toxicology is the use of toxicology and

Malate oxidase

and a chemiluminescent dye are used in disease detecting systems. The biomarker activates the malate oxidase to generate hydrogen peroxide that excites the light-emitting dye, which exhibits chemiluminescence in the presence of the peroxide. Such contemporary compositions are thus used as a diagnostic tool for detecting diseases. In a similar method, malate oxidase is used in the transcutaneous measurement of the amount of a substrate in blood. The method is conducted by contacting the skin with the enzyme, reacting the substrate with the enzyme and directly detecting the amount of HO produced as a measure of the amount of substrate


Question: The term gustatory refers to which of the 5 senses?

sour taste
Four tastes
Primary tastes
Tangy
Oleogustus
Bitter taste
sourness
oleogustus
Sour
tartness
Basic taste
bitterness taste
basic tastes
gustaoception
Gustation
Gustaoception
Yumminess
sense of taste
sour
Saltiness
Sour taste
taste
kokumi
primary tastes
Sourness
Tangiest
Taste
Tartness
Gustatory
Sense of taste
bitter taste
tart flavor
yumminess
tasteful
tangiest
gustatory
gustatory sensation
Tart (flavor)
Gustatory sensation
basic taste
saltiness
Bitterness (taste)
Kokumi
gustatory sense
Gustatory sense
Basic tastes
Tasteful
gustation
four tastes
Bitter (taste)
tangy

Sense

detected this way. Some deaf people are able to determine direction and location of vibrations picked up through the feet. Taste or gustation (adjectival form: gustatory) is one of the traditional five senses. It refers to the capability to detect the taste of substances such as food, certain minerals, and poisons, etc. The sense of taste is often confused with the "sense" of flavor, which is a combination of taste and smell perception. Flavor depends on odor, texture, and temperature as well as on taste. Humans receive tastes through sensory organs called taste buds, or gustatory calyculi, concentrated on the

Lexical-gustatory synesthesia

Lexical-gustatory synesthesia Lexical-gustatory synesthesia is a rare form of synesthesia in which spoken and written language (as well as some colors and emotions) causes individuals to experience an automatic and highly consistent taste/smell.<ref name="Simner/Ward"></ref> The taste is often experienced as a complex mixture of both temperature and texture. For example, in a particular synaesthete, JIW, the word "jail" would taste of cold, hard bacon. Synesthetic tastes are evoked by an inducer/concurrent complex. The inducer is the stimulus that activates the sensation and the taste experience is the concurrent. There are many scientific standards in use to determine if a person

Taste

Taste Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system. Taste is the sensation produced when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor cells located on taste buds in the oral cavity, mostly on the tongue. Taste, along with smell (olfaction) and trigeminal nerve stimulation (registering texture, pain, and temperature), determines flavors of food and/or other substances. Humans have taste receptors on taste buds (gustatory calyculi) and other areas including the upper surface of the tongue and the epiglottis. The gustatory cortex is responsible for the perception of

Allochiria

that she saw the color with the right eye. In a case of gustatory allochiria, a substance placed on one side of the tongue was said to have been tasted on the opposite side. Also, touches on that side of the tongue were also referred to the opposite side. In this type of allochiria, it is difficult to see how one can in this case dissociate the reference of taste from that of touch. Alloesthesia (i.e., allesthesia) (Greek: allache = elsewhere + aistheesis = perception) is also known as "false allochiria" and many dictionaries list the same definition as allochiria

Sensation (psychology)

of the brain, wherein the sensations are perceived as the touch of a feather. Children are often taught five basic senses: seeing (i.e., vision), hearing (i.e., audition), tasting (i.e., gustation), smelling (i.e., olfaction), and touching. However, there are actually many more senses including vestibular sense, kinesthetic sense, sense of thirst, sense of hunger, and cutaneous sense. Psychologists who specialize in psychophysics measure sensory sensitivity by identifying: The wavelength, intensity and complexity of Light are detected by visual receptors in the retina of the eye. There are two types of visual receptors: rods and cones. Rods are sensitive to dim light,

Taste

Taste

The gustatory system or sense of taste is the sensory system that is partially responsible for the perception of taste (flavor). Taste is the perception produced or stimulated when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor cells located on taste buds in the oral cavity, mostly on the tongue. Taste, along with olfaction and trigeminal nerve stimulation (registering texture, pain, and temperature), determines flavors of food and other substances. Humans have taste receptors on taste buds and other areas, including the upper surface of the tongue and the epiglottis. The gustatory cortex is responsible for the perception of taste.

The tongue is covered with thousands of small bumps called papillae, which are visible to the naked eye. The exception to this is the filiform papillae that do not contain taste buds. There are between 2000 and 5000 taste buds that are located on the back and front of the tongue. Others are located on the roof, sides and back of the mouth, and in the throat. Each taste bud contains 50 to 100 taste receptor cells.

Taste receptors in the mouth sense the five taste modalities: sweetness, sourness, saltiness, bitterness, and savoriness (also known as "savory" or "umami"). Scientific experiments have demonstrated that these five tastes exist and are distinct from one another. Taste buds are able to distinguish between different tastes through detecting interaction with different molecules or ions. Sweet, savoriness, and bitter tastes are triggered by the binding of molecules to G protein-coupled receptors on the cell membranes of taste buds. Saltiness and sourness are perceived when alkali metal or hydrogen ions enter taste buds, respectively.

The basic taste modalities contribute only partially to the sensation and flavor of food in the mouth—other factors include smell, texture,<ref>

As the gustatory system senses both harmful and beneficial things, all basic taste modalities are classified as either aversive or appetitive, depending upon the effect the things they sense have on the body. Sweetness helps to identify energy-rich foods, while bitterness serves as a warning sign of poisons.

Among humans, taste perception begins to fade at an older age because of loss of tongue papillae and a general decrease in saliva production. Humans can also have distortion of tastes (dysgeusia). Not all mammals share the same taste modalities: some rodents can taste starch (which humans cannot), cats cannot taste sweetness, and several other carnivores including hyenas, dolphins, and sea lions, have lost the ability to sense up to four of their ancestral five taste modalities.

Sense

Sense

A sense is a biological system used by an organism for sensation, the process of gathering information about the world through the detection of stimuli. (For example, in the human body, the brain which is part of the central nervous system receives signals from the senses which continuously receive information from the environment, interprets these signals, and causes the body to respond, either chemically or physically.) Although traditionally five human senses were identified as such (namely sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing), it is now recognized that there are many more. Senses used by non-human organisms are even greater in variety and number. During sensation, sense organs collect various stimuli (such as a sound or smell) for transduction, meaning transformation into a form that can be understood by the brain. Sensation and perception are fundamental to nearly every aspect of an organism's cognition, behavior and thought.

In organisms, a sensory organ consists of a group of interrelated sensory cells that respond to a specific type of physical stimulus. Via cranial and spinal nerves (nerves of the Central and Peripheral nervous systems that relay sensory information to and from the brain and body), the different types of sensory receptor cells (such as mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors) in sensory organs transduct sensory information from these organs towards the central nervous system, finally arriving at the sensory cortices in the brain, where sensory signals are processed and interpreted (perceived).

Sensory systems, or senses, are often divided into external (exteroception) and internal (interoception) sensory systems. Human external senses are based on the sensory organs of the eyes, ears, skin, nose, and mouth. Internal sensation detects stimuli from internal organs and tissues. Internal senses possessed by humans include the vestibular system (sense of balance) sensed by the inner ear, as well as others such as spatial orientation, proprioception (body position) and nociception (pain). Further internal senses lead to signals such as hunger, thirst, suffocation, and nausea, or different involuntary behaviors, such as vomiting. Some animals are able to detect electrical and magnetic fields, air moisture, or polarized light, while others sense and perceive through alternative systems, such as echolocation. Sensory modalities or sub modalities are different ways sensory information is encoded or transduced. Multimodality integrates different senses into one unified perceptual experience. For example, information from one sense has the potential to influence how information from another is perceived. Sensation and perception are studied by a variety of related fields, most notably psychophysics, neurobiology, cognitive psychology, and cognitive science.

Umami

Umami

Umami ( from ), or savoriness, is one of the five basic tastes.<ref name = "Jufresa_2015" /><ref name = "Mouritsen_2014" />

People taste umami through taste receptors that typically respond to glutamates and nucleotides, which are widely present in meat broths and fermented products. Glutamates are commonly added to some foods in the form of monosodium glutamate (MSG), and nucleotides are commonly added in the form of disodium guanylate, inosine monophosphate (IMP) or guanosine monophosphate (GMP).<ref name="Nelson_2002" /><ref name="Delay_2000" /><ref name = "Chaudhari_2000" /> Since umami has its own receptors rather than arising out of a combination of the traditionally recognized taste receptors, scientists now consider umami to be a distinct taste.<ref name="Torii_2013"/><ref name="npr" />

Foods that have a strong umami flavor include meats, shellfish, fish (including fish sauce and preserved fish such as maldive fish, "Katsuobushi", sardines, and anchovies), tomatoes, mushrooms, hydrolyzed vegetable protein, meat extract, yeast extract, cheeses, and soy sauce.

Synesthesia

Synesthesia

Synesthesia (American English) or synaesthesia (British English) is a perceptual phenomenon in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway. People who report a lifelong history of such experiences are known as synesthetes. Awareness of synesthetic perceptions varies from person to person. In one common form of synesthesia, known as grapheme–color synesthesia or color–graphemic synesthesia, letters or numbers are perceived as inherently colored. In spatial-sequence, or number form synesthesia, numbers, months of the year, or days of the week elicit precise locations in space ("e.g.," 1980 may be "farther away" than 1990), or may appear as a three-dimensional map (clockwise or counterclockwise). Synesthetic associations can occur in any combination and any number of senses or cognitive pathways.
Little is known about how synesthesia develops. It has been suggested that synesthesia develops during childhood when children are intensively engaged with abstract concepts for the first time.<ref name="MroczkoNikolic2014" /> This hypothesis referred to as "semantic vacuum hypothesis" could explain why the most common forms of synesthesia are grapheme–color, spatial sequence, and number form. These are usually the first abstract concepts that educational systems require children to learn.
The earliest recorded case of synesthesia is attributed to the Oxford University academic and philosopher John Locke, who, in 1690, made a report about a blind man who said he experienced the color scarlet when he heard the sound of a trumpet. The first medical account came from German physician Georg Tobias Ludwig Sachs in 1812. The term is from the Ancient Greek , 'together', and , 'sensation'.
Section::::Types.
There are two overall forms of synesthesia:
For example, in chromesthesia (sound to color), a "projector" may hear a trumpet, and see an orange triangle in space, while an "associator" might hear a trumpet, and think very strongly that it sounds "orange".

Synesthesia can occur between nearly any two senses or perceptual modes, and at least one synesthete, Solomon Shereshevsky, experienced synesthesia that linked all five senses. Types of synesthesia are indicated by using the notation , where x is the "inducer" or trigger experience, and y is the "concurrent" or additional experience. For example, perceiving letters and numbers (collectively called graphemes) as colored would be indicated as grapheme-color synesthesia. Similarly, when synesthetes see colors and movement as a result of hearing musical tones, it would be indicated as tone → (color, movement) synesthesia.

While nearly every logically possible combination of experiences can occur, several types are more common than others.

Sensory nervous system

Sensory nervous system

The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory neurons (including the sensory receptor cells), neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception. Commonly recognized sensory systems are those for vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell, and balance. Senses are transducers from the physical world to the realm of the mind where people interpret the information, creating their perception of the world around them.

The receptive field is the area of the body or environment to which a receptor organ and receptor cells respond. For instance, the part of the world an eye can see, is its receptive field; the light that each rod or cone can see, is its receptive field. Receptive fields have been identified for the visual system, auditory system and somatosensory system.

Lexical-gustatory synesthesia

a listener with lexical-gustatory synesthesia in Episodes #44 and #45 who emailed to discuss the topic. Lexical-gustatory synesthesia Lexical-gustatory synesthesia is a rare form of synesthesia in which spoken and written language (as well as some colors and emotions) causes individuals to experience an automatic and highly consistent taste/smell.<ref name="Simner/Ward"></ref> The taste is often experienced as a complex mixture of both temperature and texture. For example, in a particular synaesthete, JIW, the word "jail" would taste of cold, hard bacon. Synesthetic tastes are evoked by an inducer/concurrent complex. The inducer is the stimulus that activates the sensation and the taste

Lexical-gustatory synesthesia

with singular participants that demonstrate the variability of the condition. In one case, PS is a patient that has taste experiences that happen in her head and not her mouth. Her tastes usually have both texture and temperature associated with the sensation. Some forms of lexical-gustatory synesthesia are triggered by thinking of the word's meaning, rather than its sound or spelling. Others are triggered by hearing or reading an inducer word. In many forms, more well known words and words used with a higher frequency are more likely to have a strong taste association The phonological roots associated with this

Lexical-gustatory synesthesia

of taste. Further studies of the underlying brain regions involved in synesthetes like JIW could aid in identifying the root physiological mechanisms involved in lexical-gustatory synesthesia. SC is a synesthete who automatically experiences smells, tastes, and feelings of textures in her mouth and throat when she reads, speaks, or hears language, music, and certain environmental sounds. In SC’s case study, researchers utilized fMRI to determine the areas of the brain that were activated during her synesthetic experiences. They compared areas of activation in SC’s brain to those found in literature for other synesthetes, speech processing, language, and sound processing. In

Gustatory technology

Gustatory technology Gustatory technology is the engineering discipline dealing with gustatory representation. Virtual taste refers to a taste experience generated by a digital taste simulator. Electrodes are used to simulate the taste and feel of real food in the mouth. In 2012 a team of researchers at the National University of Singapore developed the digital lollipop, an electronic device capable of transmitting four major taste sensations (salty, sour, sweet and bitter) to the tongue. In 2016 the same team created a square with thermoelectric elements to simulate the sensation of sweetness through changes in temperature. If this system is implemented

Perception

by use of his body". Gibson and others emphasized the close link between haptic perception and body movement: haptic perception is active exploration. The concept of haptic perception is related to the concept of extended physiological proprioception according to which, when using a tool such as a stick, perceptual experience is transparently transferred to the end of the tool. Taste (or, the more formal term, "gustation") is the ability to perceive the flavor of substances including, but not limited to, food. Humans receive tastes through sensory organs called "taste buds", or "gustatory calyculi", concentrated on the upper surface of the

Lexical-gustatory synesthesia

childhood memories of foods eaten or items tasted. For example, the word Barbie tasted of ‘sweet jelly with sour granules’. During PS’s study, researchers determined the consistency of her responses to be greater than 99% over a three-week period, indicating the validity of her condition. A result of her study demonstrated that merely listening to someone speak a string of words in quick succession, such as reading, did not evoke synesthetic tastes. This led to the implication that single words must be focused on in order to activate the inducer-concurrent taste in certain forms of lexical-gustatory synesthesia. Many modern theories

Sensory nervous system

primary olfactory cortex. In contrast to vision and hearing, the olfactory bulbs are not cross-hemispheric; the right bulb connects to the right hemisphere and the left bulb connects to the left hemisphere. The gustatory cortex is the primary receptive area for taste. The word "taste" is used in a technical sense to refer specifically to sensations coming from taste buds on the tongue. The five qualities of taste detected by the tongue include sourness, bitterness, sweetness, saltiness, and the protein taste quality, called umami. In contrast, the term "flavor" refers to the experience generated through integration of taste with smell

Five wits

names include hearing, sight, smell, senses of heat and cold, pleasure, pain, desire, and fear. Aulus Gellius defined five senses, saying "Ex quinque his sensibus quose animantibus natura tribit, visu, auditu, gustu, tactu, odoratu, quas Graeci αισθητεισ appellant" ("Nature has given five senses to living beings, sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell, called αισθητεισ by the Greeks"). But there is no evidence that this topos existed in the thinking of the Anglo-Saxons, since Old English does not possess the requisite taxonomy, and has difficulty with translations of Latin texts that do. The concept of there being five senses occurs in

Lexical-gustatory synesthesia

he experiences the tastes of ‘bread soaked in tomato soup’. Bread and tomato soup would have been common flavors JIW experienced in his childhood. It is hypothesized that some or all forms of lexical-gustatory synesthesia may trigger during early childhood development and lead to the over-representation of the flavors of childhood foods. Both consistency studies and fMRI scans have validated JIW’s lexical-gustatory synesthesia. A fMRI scan showed the bilateral activation of the Broca’s area 43 in the brain during JIW’s taste experiences. The Broca’s area 43 is a part of the primary gustatory cortex which is responsible for the perception

Sensory nervous system

and tactile information. The gustatory cortex consists of two primary structures: the anterior insula, located on the insular lobe, and the frontal operculum, located on the frontal lobe. Similarly to the olfactory cortex, the gustatory pathway operates through both peripheral and central mechanisms. Peripheral taste receptors, located on the tongue, soft palate, pharynx, and esophagus, transmit the received signal to primary sensory axons, where the signal is projected to the nucleus of the solitary tract in the medulla, or the gustatory nucleus of the solitary tract complex. The signal is then transmitted to the thalamus, which in turn projects the

Gustatory cortex

Gustatory cortex The primary gustatory cortex is a brain structure responsible for the perception of taste. It consists of two substructures: the anterior insula on the insular lobe and the frontal operculum on the inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe. Because of its composition the primary gustatory cortex is sometimes referred to in literature as the AI/FO(Anterior Insula/Frontal Operculum). By using extracellular unit recording techniques, scientists have elucidated that neurons in the AI/FO respond to sweetness, saltiness, bitterness, and sourness, and they code the intensity of the taste stimulus. Like the olfactory system, the taste system is defined by

Lexical-gustatory synesthesia

of synesthetic qualities. Her mother has lexical-gustatory synesthesia and her father has vocal tics. She is able to speak both English and French fluently and some basic Spanish. PS experiences vivid synesthetic tastes in both English and French, but not Spanish which she learned after the age of 9. She describes her synesthetic tastes as occurring automatically when she hears certain words. PS is one of the more unusual cases in that she experiences the taste sensations within her head and not her mouth. For PS, it was found that many of the taste concurrents experienced were linked to her

Five wits

thus "sensible", "ymaginable", and "reasonable" (i.e. capable of sensing, imagination, and reason, as defined), all three of which feed into memory. (Intelligence is the sole remit of Divine Providence.) To that quartet is also added "phantasia", a creative facet of imagination. A famous example of this is given by Augustine, who distinguishes between imagining Carthage, from memory (since he had been there), and imagining Alexandria, a pure fantasy image of a place that he had never been to. The five (outward) senses, as described in Cursor Mundi, are "hering" (hearing), "sight", "smelling" (smell), "fele" (touch) and "cheuing" (taste). It relates

Gustatory cortex

and experiencing taste. There have been many studies done to observe the functionality of the primary gustatory cortex and associated structures with various chemical and electrical stimulations as well as observations of patients with lesions and GC epileptic focus. It has been reported that electrical stimulation of the lingual nerve, chorda tympani, and a lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve elicit evoked field potential in the frontal operculum. Electrical stimulation of the insula in the human elicit gustatory sensations. Gustatory information is conveyed to the orbitofrontal cortex, the secondary gustatory cortex from the AI/FO. Studies have shown that 8% of

Topographic map (neuroanatomy)

in that manner, may alter the input to individual glomeruli, altering the sensitivity to individual odors. The gustatory system is the sensory system for taste. Like olfaction, taste requires a process of chemoreception. The receptors for taste are taste buds on the tongue. The tongue contains taste receptors, as well as mechanoreceptors. Afferents from taste receptors and mechanoreceptors of the tongue access different ascending systems in the brainstem. However, it is uncertain how these two sources of information are processed in cortex. The primary gustatory cortex (G) is located near the somatotopic region for the tongue (S1), in the insular


Question: According to the nursery rhyme, how many blackbirds were baked in a pie?

Common blackbird

past been trapped in rural areas at its night roosts as an easily available addition to the diet, and in medieval times the conceit of placing live birds under a pie crust just before serving may have been the origin of the familiar nursery rhyme: Sing a song of sixpence, A pocket full of rye; Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie! When the pie was opened the birds began to sing, Oh wasn't that a dainty dish to set before the king? The common blackbird's melodious, distinctive song is mentioned in the poem "Adlestrop" by Edward Thomas; And

Four'n Twenty

world, and Four'n Twenty pies are considered iconic, particularly in the context of football matches. They are often served with tomato sauce. The brand's name is a reference to the nursery rhyme "Sing a Song of Sixpence", which includes the lines "Four and twenty blackbirds / Baked in a pie". Some early logos alluded to this, with 24 blackbirds escaping from a pie and taking flight, although the current logo features only text. The Four'n Twenty pie was created in Bendigo, Victoria, Australia by Leslie Thompson McClure in 1947. Initially called the Dad & Dave Pie after the name of

Pie bird

tools. The nursery rhyme "Sing a Song of Sixpence" makes reference to "Four and twenty blackbirds, baked in a pie..." but it is uncertain whether pie vents were designed to look like birds because of this song. Pie bird A pie bird, pie vent, pie whistle, pie funnel, or pie chimney is a hollow ceramic device, originating in Europe, shaped like a funnel, chimney, or upstretched bird with open beak used for supporting or venting a pie. Funnel-style steam vents have been placed in the center of fruit and meat pies during cooking since Victorian times; bird shapes came later.

Sing a Song of Sixpence

endings began to be added from the middle of the 19th century. A common modern version is: The final line of the fourth verse is sometimes slightly varied, with nose "pecked" or "nipped" off. One of the following additional verses is often added to moderate the ending: or: Many interpretations have been placed on this rhyme. It is known that a 16th-century amusement was to place live birds in a pie, as a form of entremet. An Italian cookbook from 1549 (translated into English in 1598) contained such a recipe: "to make pies so that birds may be alive in

A Pocket Full of Rye

new jar put out at breakfast, used by Rex alone. That jar was tossed in the yard and found by police. When Miss Marple and Inspector Neele discuss the case, he shares that information, and she asks him if he has asked about blackbirds, having seen the pattern of an old children's rhyme, Sing a Song of Sixpence. When he does, he learns of dead blackbirds on Rex's desk at home, a pie whose contents were removed and replaced with dead blackbirds, and from Lance, of the Blackbird Mine in Africa. The Blackbird Mine was suspected of having gold, found

Sing a Song of Sixpence

Sing a Song of Sixpence

"Sing a Song of Sixpence" is an English nursery rhyme, perhaps originating in the 18th century. It is listed in the Roud Folk Song Index as number 13191. The sixpence in the rhyme is a British coin that was first minted in 1551.

Common blackbird

Common blackbird

The common blackbird (Turdus merula) is a species of true thrush. It is also called the Eurasian blackbird (especially in North America, to distinguish it from the unrelated New World blackbirds), or simply the blackbird where this does not lead to confusion with a local species. It breeds in Europe, Asiatic Russia, and North Africa, and has been introduced to Australia and New Zealand. It has a number of subspecies across its large range; a few of the Asian subspecies are sometimes considered to be full species. Depending on latitude, the common blackbird may be resident, partially migratory, or fully migratory.

The adult male of the common blackbird ("Turdus merula merula", the nominate subspecies), which is found throughout most of Europe, is all black except for a yellow eye-ring and bill and has a rich, melodious song; the adult female and juvenile have mainly dark brown plumage. This species breeds in woods and gardens, building a neat, cup-shaped nest, bound together with mud. It is omnivorous, eating a wide range of insects, earthworms, berries, and fruits.

Both sexes are territorial on the breeding grounds, with distinctive threat displays, but are more gregarious during migration and in wintering areas. Pairs stay in their territory throughout the year where the climate is sufficiently temperate. This common and conspicuous species has given rise to a number of literary and cultural references, frequently related to its song.

Pie bird

Pie bird

A pie bird, pie vent, pie whistle, pie funnel, or pie chimney is a hollow ceramic device, originating in Europe, shaped like a funnel, chimney, or upstretched bird with open beak used for supporting or venting a pie. Occasionally other whimsical shapes are used.

Four'n Twenty

Four'n Twenty

Four'n Twenty, stylised FOUR'N TWENTY, is an Australian brand of meat pies and sausage rolls, owned by parent company Patties Foods. The classic Four'n Twenty pie is filled with mutton and beef (a minimum of 25%, per Food Standards Australia New Zealand regulations), mostly shoulder meat, in a spiced gravy with carrot and onion. The crust is a flour and margarine shortcrust pastry, with the upper crust additionally rolled and folded to make it slightly flaky.<ref name=behind /> Other fillings include chicken and vegetable, pulled pork, and grass-fed Angus beef.

Australians have the highest per-capita meat pie consumption in the world, and Four'n Twenty pies are considered iconic, particularly in the context of football matches. They are often served with tomato sauce.

The brand's name is a reference to the nursery rhyme "Sing a Song of Sixpence", which includes the lines "Four and twenty blackbirds / Baked in a pie". Some early logos alluded to this, with 24 blackbirds escaping from a pie and taking flight, although the current logo features only text.

Little Jack Horner

Little Jack Horner

"Little Jack Horner" is a popular English nursery rhyme with the Roud Folk Song Index number 13027. First mentioned in the 18th century, it was early associated with acts of opportunism, particularly in politics. Moralists also rewrote and expanded the poem so as to counter its celebration of greediness. The name of Jack Horner also came to be applied to a completely different and older poem on a folkloric theme; and in the 19th century it was claimed that the rhyme was originally composed in satirical reference to the dishonest actions of Thomas Horner in the Tudor period.

Black bottom pie

known as the "Pie King", was the inventor of the chiffon pie and the graham cracker crust. Black bottom pie Black bottom pie is a type of pie that features a layer of chocolate pastry cream or pudding, the "black bottom," topped with whipped cream or meringue. The single crust is pre-baked and of variable composition, but a graham cracker crust is common. Black bottom pie is thought by some to be of Southern origin, the "black bottom" representing the dark, swampy lowlands along the Mississippi River; other sources have identified an origin in Louisiana or Oklahoma City in the

Two Little Dickie Birds

Two Little Dickie Birds "Two Little Dickie Birds" or "Two Little Black Birds" is an English language nursery rhyme and fingerplay. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 16401. Modern versions of the lyrics include: The rhyme was first recorded when published in "Mother Goose's Melody" in London around 1765. In this version the names of the birds were Jack and Gill: These names seem to have been replaced with the apostles Peter and Paul in the 19th century. In American English, the variant "Two Little Blackbirds" is more common. <poem> Two little blackbirds sitting on a hill.

Jasper and the Haunted House

is doing with the pie; Jasper says that he is going to deliver it to Deacon Jones as ordered by his mammy. Professor Scarecrow opens Jasper's pie (by unzipping and zipping the crust) and finds out it is gooseberry. Jasper walks away, irritated by Professor Scarecrow and Blackbird's curiosity. Professor Scarecrow switches a nearby sign (one pointing to the Deacon's home and the other pointing to a haunted house) to trick Jasper so he can get his hands on Jasper's pie. Jasper comes back, then Professor Scarecrow and Blackbird lie about the sign. Jasper doesn't believe him at first and

Sing a Song of Sixpence

measurement. The number 24 has been tied to the Reformation and the printing of the English Bible with 24 letters. From a folklorish tradition, the blackbird taking the maid's nose has been seen as a demon stealing her soul. No corroborative evidence has been found to support these theories and given that the earliest version has only one stanza and mentions "naughty boys" and not blackbirds, they can only be applicable if it is assumed that more recently printed versions accurately preserve an older tradition. Sing a Song of Sixpence "Sing a Song of Sixpence" is a well-known English nursery

Black bottom pie

Black bottom pie Black bottom pie is a type of pie that features a layer of chocolate pastry cream or pudding, the "black bottom," topped with whipped cream or meringue. The single crust is pre-baked and of variable composition, but a graham cracker crust is common. Black bottom pie is thought by some to be of Southern origin, the "black bottom" representing the dark, swampy lowlands along the Mississippi River; other sources have identified an origin in Louisiana or Oklahoma City in the early 1940s. Its invention has been claimed by Monroe Boston Strause of Los Angeles. Strause, who was

English cuisine

compiled in 1604 (and first published in 1986) gives an intimate view of Elizabethan cookery. The book provides recipes for various forms of bread, such as buttered loaves; for apple fritters; preserves and pickles; and a celebration cake for 100 people. New ingredients such as the sweet potato appear. A recipe for dressing a shoulder of mutton calls for the use of the newly-available citrus fruits: Pies were important both as food and for show; the nursery rhyme "Sing a Song of Sixpence", with its lines "Four and Twenty blackbirds / Baked in a pie. // When the pie was

The Bird-catcher and the Blackbird

the victim. This, however, may be evidence of contamination from a Greek source. One of the earliest tellings of the Greek story in another European language was as Fable 31 in Giovanni Maria Verdizotti's "100 Moral Fables" ("Cento favole morali", 1570). There the story is told of a lark ("lodola"), while a blackbird ("merle") is the bird named in the nearly contemporary 1582 French edition of Aesop's fables, remaining so through the following centuries. In English tellings also it is always a blackbird that is named. There is also a traditional tune in the Isle of Man that is called

Pie

appeared in England (in a Latin context) as early as the 12th century, but no unequivocal reference to the item with which the article is concerned is attested until the 14th century ("Oxford English Dictionary" sb "pie"). Song birds at the time were a delicacy and protected by Royal Law. At the coronation of eight-year-old English King Henry VI (1422–1461) in 1429, "Partrich" and "Pecok enhakill" were served, alleged by some modern writers to consist of cooked peacock mounted in its skin on a peacock-filled pie. Cooked birds were frequently placed by European royal cooks on top of a large

The Bird-catcher and the Blackbird

The Bird-catcher and the Blackbird The Bird-catcher or Fowler and the Blackbird was one of "Aesop's Fables", numbered 193 in the Perry Index. In Greek sources, it featured a lark, but French and English versions have always named the blackbird as the bird involved. Modern European retellings of the fable include Giovanni Maria Verdizotti's 1570 version, which has a lark as the bird. The nearly contemporary French edition of 1582 however features a blackbird, and this is followed in Roger L'Estrange's 1692 collection. An alternative tradition dating back to the "Greek Anthology" maintains that the blackbird is under the special

Two Little Dickie Birds

out of sight of the child, will mark in some conspicuous way the nail of the index finger of one hand and the nail of the second finger of the other hand. Both hands are then shown to the child as fists (folded fingers downwards) with the two fingers with marked nails pointing forward – these represent Peter and Paul. As the rhyme is recited, the hand actions are: Two Little Dickie Birds "Two Little Dickie Birds" or "Two Little Black Birds" is an English language nursery rhyme and fingerplay. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 16401.

Game pie

nets such as thrushes, starlings, and blackbirds. The 15th-century cookery book "Un Vyaunde furnez sanz nom de chare" describes a croustade of veal, herbs, dates, and eggs baked in a coffin, but other sources describe croustades of chicken and pigeon. Birds were often placed on top of game pies as ornaments, or 'subtelties', a practice that continued into the Victorian age. An 1890s edition of "Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management" shows a game pie topped by a stuffed pheasant. Through most of the period of the Tudor and Stuart monarchs, roughly from 1500 to 1685, it was common for

Liverpool Tart

in Crosby and Dafna's Cheesecake Factory in south Liverpool. The original recipe called for "½lb moist sugar, 2oz butter, 1 egg, 1 lemon, pastry". Current thinking is that "moist" sugar meant dark muscovado, while the lemon may be shredded (after removal of the pips) instead of "boiling and mincing". Once the basic tart is baked and setting, thought is then given to a decorative finish. The original "cross bar over" is generally agreed to mean a lattice of pastry strips across the top, but the most attractive versions include the shape of Liverpool's Liver Bird in one form or another.

Pop out cake

another. Eventually, Petronius attempted to make it look as if the animals stuffed inside appeared to be alive. In Medieval Europe, the entremet, a between-courses dish, developed into a form of entertainment, which could include the presentation of a pie with live animals, such as doves and frogs, bursting out. Such spectacles were known as early as the 1400s and continued into the 18th century, when it was memorialized in the nursery rhyme "Sing a Song of Sixpence," wherein live blackbirds are placed in a pie shell to be served for a king's feast. In 1626, the Duke and Duchess

The Bird-catcher and the Blackbird

it is Artemis herself, the goddess of hunting, who frees the songbird. The Bird-catcher and the Blackbird The Bird-catcher or Fowler and the Blackbird was one of "Aesop's Fables", numbered 193 in the Perry Index. In Greek sources, it featured a lark, but French and English versions have always named the blackbird as the bird involved. Modern European retellings of the fable include Giovanni Maria Verdizotti's 1570 version, which has a lark as the bird. The nearly contemporary French edition of 1582 however features a blackbird, and this is followed in Roger L'Estrange's 1692 collection. An alternative tradition dating back

Jasper and the Haunted House

gag where his shadow walks back), and Professor Scarecrow and Blackbird scare Jasper into leaving the pie on a table by the staircase; Jasper then hides in an old piano. It seems as if the plan worked, but when Professor Scarecrow gets in an argument with Blackbird about sharing the pie, the pie itself is taken by a ghost. Professor Scarecrow then accuses Blackbird of taking the pie, but the argument ends when they find that it was a ghost who took it. Frightened, Professor Scarecrow and Blackbird hide in the piano with Jasper after the pie is eaten and