Question: How many James Bond films did Pierce Brosnan do?

Pierce Brosnan

at the box office. Brosnan himself subsequently criticised many aspects of his fourth Bond movie. During the promotion, he mentioned that he would like to continue his role as James Bond: "I'd like to do another, sure. Connery did six. Six would be a number, then never come back." Brosnan asked Eon Productions, when accepting the role, to be allowed to work on other projects between Bond films. The request was granted, and for every Bond film, Brosnan appeared in at least two other mainstream films, including several he produced, playing a wide range of roles, ranging from a scientist

Pierce Brosnan

Fourth Protocol" (1987) and the comedy "Mrs. Doubtfire" (1993). In 1994, Brosnan became the fifth actor to portray secret agent James Bond in the Eon Productions film series, starring in four films from 1995 to 2002 ("GoldenEye", "Tomorrow Never Dies", "The World Is Not Enough" and "Die Another Day"). He lent his likeness for Bond in the video games "GoldenEye 007", "" and "", providing his voice for the latter. During this period, he also took the lead in other films including the epic disaster adventure film "Dante's Peak" (1997) and the remake of the heist film "The Thomas Crown

Casino Royale (2006 film)

keeping Fleming's darker storyline and characterisation of Bond. Due to the then copyright issues related to the ownership of "Thunderball" the organisation Mr White is part of is not named Spectre. Pierce Brosnan had signed a deal for four films when he was cast in the role of James Bond. This was fulfilled with the production of "Die Another Day" in 2002. At this stage, Brosnan was approaching his 50th birthday. Brosnan kept in mind fans and critics were not happy with Roger Moore playing Bond until he was 58 and speculation began that the producers were seeking to replace

James Bond

two films. After a six-year hiatus, during which a legal wrangle threatened Eon's productions of the Bond films, Irish actor Pierce Brosnan was cast as Bond in "GoldenEye", released in 1995; he remained in the role for a total of four films, before leaving in 2002. In 2006, Daniel Craig was given the role of Bond for "Casino Royale", which rebooted the series. Craig has appeared for a total of four films and his fifth is scheduled for release in 2020. The series has grossed almost $7 billion to date, making it the third-highest-grossing film series (behind "Harry Potter" and

James Bond filmography

what would have been Dalton's third film by several years. His six-year contract expired in 1993 and he left the series in 1994. After Timothy Dalton retired from the Bond role in 1994, Eon turned to the actor they had considered after "A View to a Kill": Pierce Brosnan. He was offered a three-film contract, with an option on a fourth; his salary for his first film, "GoldenEye", was $4 million, which rose to $16.5 million for his fourth and final outing, "Die Another Day". Brosnan had first met Broccoli on the set of "For Your Eyes Only", when Brosnan's

Pierce Brosnan

Pierce Brosnan

Pierce Brendan Brosnan (; born 16 May 1953) is an Irish actor and film producer. He is best known as the fifth actor to play secret agent James Bond in the Bond film series, starring in four films from 1995 to 2002 ("GoldenEye", "Tomorrow Never Dies", "The World Is Not Enough" and "Die Another Day") and in multiple video games.

After leaving school at age 16, Brosnan began training in commercial illustration and went on to attend the Drama Centre in London for three years. Following a stage acting career, he rose to popularity in the television series "Remington Steele" (1982–1987). After the conclusion of the series, Brosnan appeared in films such as the Cold War spy film "The Fourth Protocol" (1987) and the comedy "Mrs. Doubtfire" (1993). After achieving worldwide fame for his role as James Bond, Brosnan took the lead in other major films including the epic disaster adventure film "Dante's Peak" (1997) and the remake of the heist film "The Thomas Crown Affair" (1999). Since leaving the role of Bond, he has starred in films such as the musical comedy "Mamma Mia!" (2008), the political thriller "The Ghost Writer" (2010), the action fantasy "" (2010), the action spy thriller "The November Man" (2014) and the "Mamma Mia!" sequel "Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again" (2018). In 2022, Brosnan played Kent Nelson / Doctor Fate in the DC Extended Universe film "Black Adam".

Brosnan has received two Golden Globe Award nominations, for the miniseries "Nancy Astor" (1982) and for the dark comedy film "The Matador" (2005). In 1996, along with American film producer Beau St. Clair, he formed a Los Angeles-based production company called Irish DreamTime. He is also known for his charitable work and environmental activism. In 1997, Brosnan received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry. In 2020, he was listed at No. 15 on "The Irish Times" list of greatest Irish film actors.

List of James Bond films

List of James Bond films

James Bond is a fictional character created by British novelist Ian Fleming in 1953. A British secret agent working for MI6 under the codename 007, Bond has been portrayed on film in twenty-seven productions by actors Sean Connery, David Niven, George Lazenby, Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan, and Daniel Craig. Eon Productions, which now holds the adaptation rights to all of Fleming's Bond novels, made all but two films in the film series.<ref name="Poliakoff" /><ref name="Shprintz:Variety" />

In 1961, producers Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman purchased the filming rights to Fleming's novels. They founded Eon Productions and, with financial backing by United Artists, produced "Dr. No", directed by Terence Young and featuring Connery as Bond. Following its release in 1962, Broccoli and Saltzman created the holding company Danjaq to ensure future productions in the "James Bond" film series.

When Broccoli and Saltzman bought the rights to existing and future Fleming titles, the deal did not include "Casino Royale", which had been sold to producer Gregory Ratoff for a television adaptation in 1954. After Ratoff's death, the rights passed to Charles K. Feldman, who subsequently produced the Bond spoof "Casino Royale" in 1967.<ref name="CR: MGM" /> A legal case ensured that the film rights to the novel "Thunderball" were held by Kevin McClory, as he, Fleming and scriptwriter Jack Whittingham had written a film script on which the novel was based.<ref name="Poliakoff" /> Although Eon Productions and McClory joined forces to produce "Thunderball", McClory still retained the rights to the story and adapted "Thunderball" into 1983's non-Eon entry, "Never Say Never Again".<ref name="lost" /> Distribution rights to both of those films are currently held by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures, which distributes Eon's regular series.<ref name="MGM acq" /><ref name="NYT: Sony & MGM" />

Portrayal of James Bond in film

Portrayal of James Bond in film

James Bond is a fictional character created by the British journalist and novelist Ian Fleming in 1952. The literary character appeared in a series of twelve novels and two short story collections written by Fleming and a number of continuation novels and spin-off works after Fleming's death in 1964. There have been twenty-seven films in total, produced and released between 1962 and 2021.

Fleming portrayed Bond as a tall, athletic, handsome secret agent in his thirties or forties; he has several vices, including drinking, smoking, gambling, automobiles and womanising. He is an exceptional marksman, and he is skilled in unarmed combat, skiing, swimming and golf. While Bond kills without hesitation or regret, he usually kills only when carrying out orders, while acting in self-defence, and occasionally as revenge.

American actor Barry Nelson was the first to portray Bond, in a 1954 "Climax!" television adaptation, "Casino Royale" (in which Peter Lorre played the villain).

In 1961, Eon Productions began work on "Dr. No", an adaptation of the 1958 novel of the same name. The result was a film that spawned a series of twenty-five films produced by Eon Productions and two independent films. After considering "refined" English actors such as Cary Grant and David Niven, the producers cast Sean Connery as Bond in the film. Fleming was appalled at the selection of the uncouth 31-year-old Scottish actor, considering him the antithesis of his character. However, Connery's physical prowess and sexual magnetism became closely identified with the character, with Fleming ultimately changing his view on Connery and incorporating aspects of his portrayal into the books.

Seven actors in total have portrayed Bond in film. Following Connery's portrayal, David Niven, George Lazenby, Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig have assumed the role. These screen versions have retained many traits from Fleming's depiction, although some of Bond's less politically correct traits have been dropped, such as his treatment of women and smoking. These changes first took place in 1995's "GoldenEye". The addition of Judi Dench as Bond's superior "M" in a professional position of power and Bond no longer smoking showed Eon's attitudes changing with the times. Despite their depicting the same character, there have been notable differences among the portrayals. Daniel Craig has been the incumbent Bond in the Eon series for the longest time although not the most films. He portrayed the part for a fifth time in "No Time to Die", which was released in September 2021.

GoldenEye

GoldenEye

GoldenEye is a 1995 spy film, the seventeenth in the "James Bond" series produced by Eon Productions, and the first to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. Directed by Martin Campbell, it was the first in the series not to utilize any story elements from the works of novelist Ian Fleming. It was also the first "James Bond" film not produced by Albert R. Broccoli, following his stepping down from Eon Productions and replacement by his daughter, Barbara Broccoli (along with Michael G. Wilson, although Albert was still involved as a consultant producer; it was his final film project before his death in 1996). The story was conceived and written by Michael France, with later collaboration by other writers. In the film, Bond fights to prevent a rogue ex-MI6 agent (Sean Bean) from using a satellite weapon against London to cause a global financial meltdown.

The film was released after a six-year hiatus in the series caused by legal disputes, during which Timothy Dalton’s contract for the role of James Bond expired and he was replaced by Brosnan. M was also recast, with actress Judi Dench becoming the first woman to portray the character, replacing Robert Brown. The role of Miss Moneypenny was also recast, with Caroline Bliss being replaced by Samantha Bond; Desmond Llewelyn was the only actor to reprise his role, as Q. It was the first Bond film made after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, which provided a background for the plot. Principal photography for "GoldenEye" took place in the UK, Russia, Monte Carlo and Puerto Rico; it was the inaugural film production to be shot at Leavesden Studios. The first Bond film to use computer-generated imagery (CGI), "GoldenEye" was also the final film of special effects supervisor Derek Meddings's career, and was dedicated to his memory.

The film accumulated a worldwide gross of over US$350 million, considerably better than Dalton's films, without taking inflation into account. It received positive reviews, with critics viewing Brosnan as a definite improvement over his predecessor. It also received award nominations for "Best Special Visual Effects" and "Best Sound" from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts.

Die Another Day

Die Another Day

Die Another Day is a 2002 spy film and the twentieth film in the "James Bond" series produced by Eon Productions. It was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli, and directed by Lee Tamahori. The fourth and final film starring Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond, it was also the only film to feature John Cleese as Q, and the last with Samantha Bond as Miss Moneypenny. It is also the first film since "Live and Let Die" (1973) not to feature Desmond Llewelyn as Q as he died three years earlier. Halle Berry co-stars as NSA agent Giacinta "Jinx" Johnson, the Bond girl. It follows Bond as he attempts to locate a mole in British intelligence who betrayed him and a British billionaire who is later revealed to be connected to a North Korean operative whom Bond seemingly killed. It is an original story, although it takes influence from Bond creator Ian Fleming's novels "Moonraker" (1955) and "The Man with the Golden Gun" (1965), as well as Kingsley Amis's novel, "Colonel Sun".

"Die Another Day" marked the "James Bond" franchise's 40th anniversary. The film includes references to each of the preceding films. The film received mixed reviews; some critics praised Tamahori's direction, but others criticized its reliance on CGI, product placement and its unoriginal plot, as well as the villain. Nevertheless, "Die Another Day" was the highest-grossing "James Bond" film up to that time.

Pierce Brosnan

Bond-like tuxedo. Legal disputes between the Bond producers and the studio over distribution rights resulted in the cancellation of a proposed third Dalton film in 1991 and put the Bond series on a hiatus for several years. After the legal issues had been resolved, Dalton decided not to return for a third film. On 7 June 1994, Brosnan was announced as the fifth actor to play Bond. Brosnan was signed for a three-film Bond deal with the option of a fourth. The first, 1995's "GoldenEye", grossed US $350 million worldwide, the fourth highest worldwide gross of any film in 1995,

The Thomas Crown Affair (1968 film)

another actor who had portrayed James Bond, Pierce Brosnan. A second remake is underway with Michael B. Jordan in the title role. The film was filmed primarily on location in Boston and surrounding areas in Massachusetts and New Hampshire: Other locations included: The film was moderately successful at the box office, grossing $14 million on a $4.3 million budget. Reviews at the time were mixed. Critics praised the chemistry between McQueen and Dunaway and Norman Jewison's stylish direction, but considered the plotting and writing rather thin. Roger Ebert gave it 2 stars out of four and called it "possibly the

Pierce Brosnan

I see it reflected, from time to time, in my children." Harris had always wanted Brosnan to play the role of James Bond, and in 1995, four years after her death, Brosnan was given the role in "GoldenEye". In 1994, Brosnan met American journalist Keely Shaye Smith in Mexico. They were married in 2001 at Ballintubber Abbey in County Mayo, Ireland. They have two sons together, Dylan and Paris. In July 2003, Queen Elizabeth II made Brosnan an honorary Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his "outstanding contribution to the British film industry". As an Irish citizen,

Clive Owen

Pierce Brosnan in the role of James Bond. A public opinion poll in the United Kingdom in October 2005 by SkyNews found that he was the public's number one choice to star in the next installment of the series. In that same month, however, it was announced that fellow British actor Daniel Craig would become the next James Bond. In an interview in the September 2007 issue of "Details", he claimed that he was not offered or approached concerning the role. In 2006, Owen spoofed the Bond connection by making an appearance in the remake of "The Pink Panther" in

Pierce Brosnan

and just kicked to the kerb with the way it went down." During his tenure on the James Bond films Brosnan also took part in James Bond video games. In 2002, Brosnan's likeness was used as the face of Bond in the James Bond video game "" (voiced by Maxwell Caulfield). In 2004, Brosnan starred in the Bond game "," contracting for his likeness to be used as well as doing the voice-work for the character. He also starred along with Jamie Lee Curtis and Geoffrey Rush in "The Tailor of Panama" in 2001, and lent his voice to "The

Pierce Brosnan

making it the most successful Bond film since "Moonraker", adjusted for inflation. It holds a 78% Rotten tomato rating, while "Metacritic" holds it at 65%. In the "Chicago Sun-Times", Roger Ebert gave the film 3 stars out of 4, saying that Brosnan's Bond was "somehow more sensitive, more vulnerable, more psychologically complete" than the previous ones, also commenting on Bond's "loss of innocence" since previous films. James Berardinelli described Brosnan as "a decided improvement over his immediate predecessor" with a "flair for wit to go along with his natural charm", but added that "fully one-quarter of "Goldeneye" is momentum-killing padding."

Pierce Brosnan

was offered the role of James Bond, but the publicity improved "Remington Steele"s ratings and it was renewed, requiring Brosnan to contractually return to the show, this caused Eon Productions to have to look elsewhere for the new 007. The producers instead hired Timothy Dalton for "The Living Daylights" (1987), and "Licence to Kill" (1989). While Brosnan was reluctant to discuss losing the Bond role, in part because Dalton was a friend, he appeared in Diet Coke commercials portraying what the "Los Angeles Times" described as "a dashing Bond-like character", and NBC advertised "Noble House" with Brosnan dressed in a

Daniel Craig

film "The Trench" (1999), and the drama "Some Voices" (2000) attracted the film industry's attention. This led to roles in bigger productions such as the action film "" (2001), the crime thriller "Road to Perdition" (2002), the crime thriller "Layer Cake" (2004), and the Steven Spielberg historical drama "Munich" (2005). Craig achieved international fame when chosen as the sixth actor to play the role of Ian Fleming's British secret agent character James Bond in the film series, taking over from Pierce Brosnan in 2005. His debut film as Bond, "Casino Royale", was released internationally in November 2006 and was highly

Pierce Brosnan

"The Lawnmower Man" (1992). In 1992, he shot a pilot for NBC called "Running Wilde," playing a reporter for "Auto World" magazine. Jennifer Love Hewitt played his daughter. The pilot never aired, however. In 1993 he played a supporting role in the comedy film "Mrs. Doubtfire". He also appeared in several television films, including "Victim of Love" (1991), "Death Train" (1993) and "Night Watch" (1995), a spy thriller set in Hong Kong. In 2003, Brosnan was rewarded the Irish Film and Television Academy Lifetime Achievement Award for his contribution to Irish Film. Brosnan first met James Bond films producer Albert

Pierce Brosnan

Affair" (1999). Since leaving the role of Bond, he has starred in such films as the musical/romantic comedy "Mamma Mia!" (2008), the Roman Polanski-directed political thriller "The Ghost Writer" (2010) and the action spy thriller "The November Man" (2014). In 1996, along with Beau St. Clair, Brosnan formed "Irish DreamTime", a Los Angeles-based production company. In later years, he has become known for his charitable work and environmental activism. He was married to Australian actress Cassandra Harris from 1980 until her death in 1991. He married American journalist and author Keely Shaye Smith in 2001, and became an American citizen

Sean Connery

Say Never Again" (1983). All seven films were commercially successful. James Bond, as portrayed by Connery, was selected as the third-greatest hero in cinema history by the American Film Institute. Connery's selection for the role of James Bond owed a lot to Dana Broccoli, wife of producer "Cubby" Broccoli, who is reputed to have been instrumental in persuading her husband that Sean Connery was the right man. James Bond's creator, Ian Fleming, originally doubted Connery's casting, saying, "He's not what I envisioned of James Bond looks", and "I'm looking for Commander Bond and not an overgrown stunt-man", adding that Connery

Casino Royale (1967 film)

Grant as James Bond. They eventually gave up once they saw the 1962 film "Dr. No", the first Bond adaptation made by Broccoli and his partner Harry Saltzman through their company Eon Productions. By 1964, with Feldman having invested nearly $550,000 of his own money into pre-production of "Casino Royale", he decided to try a deal with Eon Productions and its distributor United Artists. The attempt at a co-production eventually fell through as Feldman frequently argued with Broccoli and Saltzman, specially regarding the profit divisions and when the "Casino Royale" adaptation would start production. Feldman approached Sean Connery to play

James Bond filmography

appearance and manner; displaying an air of coolness, elegance and a grace which made him believable as an international playboy, if not purely as an assassin. John G. Stackhouse for instance argues that it is preposterous that any man as strikingly handsome as Brosnan and Connery could be a secret agent, saying, "When Sean Connery or Pierce Brosnan enters a room, everyone notices. Thus it is ridiculous to suppose that James Bond, looking like that, could be a secret agent for longer than about two seconds". Brosnan's Bond was introduced in "GoldenEye"; James Chapman argues that the film works his

Pierce Brosnan

In 1996, Brosnan formed a film production company entitled "Irish DreamTime" along with producing partner and longtime friend Beau St. Clair. Brosnan and St. Clair released Irish DreamTime's first production, "The Nephew", in 1998. One year later, the company's second studio project, "The Thomas Crown Affair", was released and met both critical and box office success. Brosnan returned in 1997's "Tomorrow Never Dies" and 1999's "The World Is Not Enough", which were also successful. In 2002, Brosnan appeared for his fourth time as Bond in "Die Another Day", receiving mixed reviews similarly to the former two, but was a success

The Deceivers (film)

that it concerns an Englishman.'" The part ultimately went to Pierce Brosnan, whom Meyer fondly described as "Errol Flynn—with talent." Brosnan had just missed the chance to play James Bond due to his commitments to "Remmington Steele". His casting was announced in April 1987. "I play an Englishman, a glorified accountant working for the East India Trading Co.," said Brosnan. "He discovers this cult and disguises himself as an Indian. He goes on the road with the Thugs, who kill people by strangulation." Shooting took place over a four-month period in India, in Jaipur, Agra and Khajuraho, while post-production was


Question: What year were all these comedians born: Harry Enfield, Eddie Murphy and Rory Bremner?

one thousand, nine hundred and sixty-one

Harry Enfield

Harry Enfield Henry Richard Enfield (born 30 May 1961) is an English comedian, actor, writer, and director. He is known in particular for his television work, including "Harry Enfield's Television Programme" and "Harry & Paul", and for the creation and portrayal of comedy characters such as Kevin the Teenager and Loadsamoney. Born in Horsham, Sussex, he is the oldest of three children, the son of English television, radio and newspaper journalist and presenter Edward Enfield. He has two sisters. He was educated at the independent Arundale School in Pulborough, Dorset House School, Worth School, Collyer's Sixth Form College (all in

Arthur English

They had two children, Ann Faith (1942–1999) and Anthony (born 1947). In 1949, while still employed in Aldershot as a painter and decorator, English and his then stage partner Jonny Carrol unsuccessfully auditioned at the Windmill Theatre in London. On a second and this time solo audition with Vivian Van Damm English became resident comedian at the Windmill Theatre at the same time compering a show for Bob Potter. English stayed at the Windmill as the principal comic until August 1950. His early professional career was as a stand-up comic in the persona of a stereotypical wartime "spiv", and he

Rory Bremner

Rory Bremner Roderick Keith Ogilvy "Rory" Bremner, (born 6 April 1961) is a Scottish impressionist and comedian, noted for his work in political satire and impressions of British public figures. He is also known for his work on "Mock the Week" as a panellist (for Series 1 and 2), award-winning show "Rory Bremner...Who Else?" and sketch comedy series "Bremner, Bird and Fortune". Bremner was born in Edinburgh, the son of Major Donald Stuart Ogilvy Bremner (1907–1979) and his second wife Ann Simpson (1922–2001). He has an older brother and an older half-sister (from his father's first marriage). Bremner was educated

Rory Bremner

traced their father's ancestry and discovered that their great-grandfather John Ogilvy had served as a "surgeon general" (equivalent of the present-day senior Royal Army Medical Corps medical officer) during the Crimean War and was later posted to various British colonies. While at university, he worked on the cabaret circuit in the evenings and was also active in a student drama club. He first came into the limelight in 1985, when his single, "N-N-Nineteen Not Out" (released under the name of the Commentators) became a hit in the British charts. It was a parody of Paul Hardcastle's number one hit, "19",

Eddie Murphy

Eddie Murphy Edward Regan Murphy (born April 3, 1961) is an American comedian, actor, writer, singer, and producer. Murphy was a regular cast member on "Saturday Night Live" from 1980 to 1984. He has worked as a stand-up comedian and was ranked #10 on Comedy Central's list of the 100 Greatest Stand-ups of All Time. In films, Murphy has received Golden Globe Award nominations for his performances in "48 Hrs.", the "Beverly Hills Cop" series, "Trading Places", and "The Nutty Professor". In 2007, he won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor and received a nomination for the Academy Award

List of British comedians

List of British comedians

This is a list of comedians of British birth or famous mainly in Britain. Many of the comedy panel-game regulars and sitcom actors may not be regarded as comedians by some people but they are included here because this page uses the word "comedian" in its broadest possible sense. Fictional comedians are not included.

Royal Television Society Programme Awards

The Royal Television Society Programme Awards, (often referred to as the RTS Awards) seek to recognise programmes or individuals who have made a positive and material contribution to their genre: either because their content or originality in form has in some way moved the genre forward, or perhaps even created a new genre; or because their quality has set standards which other programme-makers can emulate and learn from.

In addition to the national awards, the Royal Television Society also hosts a number of regional award ceremonies throughout the UK and Ireland.

2000 in film

2000 in film

The year 2000 in film involved some significant events.
The top grosser worldwide was "". Domestically in North America, "Gladiator" won the Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Actor (Russell Crowe). "Dinosaur" was the most expensive film of 2000 and a box-office success.<ref name=BOM/>

Wikipedia:WikiProject Australia/Statistics/24 November 2011 ...

Harry Enfield

West Sussex) and the University of York, where he was a member of Derwent College and studied politics. He squatted in Hackney and worked for a while as a milkman. Enfield first came to wide public attention when appearing on Channel 4's "Saturday Live" as several different characters created with Paul Whitehouse. These quickly entered the national consciousness. Among these characters were Stavros, a Greek kebab shop owner with fractured English; and Loadsamoney, an obnoxious, Cockney plasterer who constantly boasted about how much money he earned. The Loadsamoney character was created in reaction to the policies of the Thatcher government

Joe O'Gorman

developed a very popular comedy ventriloquist routine. They also did much work entertaining the troops with ENSA, this including visiting Italy, India and Burma. They appeared in the 1946 Royal Variety Show and continued to appear in variety and pantomime. In 1948 they were chosen to lead a British version of the American show "Hellzapoppin", which following initial performances in London toured the country. Their final tour was in 1954 with the Victoria Palace show "Knights of Madness". In 1956 Dave followed his father in being elected King Rat. He died eight years later. Both brothers were keen amateur cricketers,

Eddie Murphy

at the end of his senior year, he was required to attend summer school. Murphy's early comedy was characterized by copious profanity and sketches lampooning a diverse group of people (including White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs), African Americans, Italian Americans, overweight people, and gay people). Murphy released two stand-up specials. "Eddie Murphy" was his first album, released in 1982. "Delirious" was filmed in 1983 in Washington, D.C. Due to the popularity of "Delirious", his concert film "Eddie Murphy Raw" (1987) received a wide theatrical release, grossing $50 million; the movie was filmed in the Felt Forum section of Madison Square Garden

Dave Morris (comedian)

Dave Morris (comedian) Dave Morris was a music hall comedian who made a successful transition to radio and television. He was born on 5 July 1896, son of Samuel Morris and Lily Reubens. Samuel, a tailor, lived at 110 Wilson Street, Middlesbrough. His first stage appearance was on 10 December 1908 at the Oxford Playhouse, Middlesbrough and his first London appearance in 1913 at the London Shoreditch. He started with a juvenile troupe, then as a blackface comic. He was called up into the Army in World War 1 and resumed his stage career in 1918, touring constantly in variety

Eddie Murphy

album "That Nigger's Crazy", which inspired his decision to become a comedian. Other early influences included Bill Cosby, Redd Foxx, and Robin Williams. On July 9, 1976, the date with which Murphy marks the beginning of his career, he performed in a talent show at the Roosevelt Youth Center, doing an impersonation of singer Al Green as Green's song "Let's Stay Together" played. This led to work at other clubs within walking distance, and then late night jobs at locations that required him to commute by train. To do this he secretly skipped school, and after his mother discovered this

Colin Murphy (comedian)

at other venues in the UK such as the Edinburgh Fringe Festival, and has performed at Kilkenny Cat Laughs, Melbourne Comedy Festival, and "Just for Laughs". He was host of Queen's comedy club, which ran in the Mandela Hall of the Queen's Students' Union until 2018. Murphy has appeared on the following programmes: Murphy has done charity work for Plan Ireland, including making a film about work done by the charity. Colin Murphy (comedian) Colin Murphy is a comedian from Downpatrick, County Down, Northern Ireland. He was born on 16 July 1968, in Downpatrick, Northern Ireland and now lives in

Harry Worth

according to "ITMA" impressionist Peter Cavanagh, this was the start of his apologetic and inept style. He was a variety act for many years before he became well known and was often at the bottom of any 'bill'. Having left the RAF, and adamant he would never go down the mines again, he started in show business with his first booking at the Bradford Mechanics' Institute in 1946. In 1947 he married his wife Kay and in 1948, like many other comedians from the forces, he got an audition at London's Windmill Theatre. Of 40 in the audition, he passed,

Chris Rock

at a nightclub, Eddie Murphy befriended and mentored the aspiring comic. Murphy gave Rock his first film role in "Beverly Hills Cop II". Rock became a cast member of the popular sketch comedy series "Saturday Night Live" in 1990. He and other new cast members Chris Farley, Adam Sandler, Rob Schneider and David Spade became known as the Bad Boys of SNL. In 1991, he released his first comedy album, "Born Suspect" and won acclaim for his role as a crack addict in the film "New Jack City". His tenure on "SNL" gave Rock national exposure. With plans to leave

Dave Allen (comedian)

London. He drifted through a series of jobs, before becoming a Butlins Redcoat at Skegness in a troupe that also included the British jazz trumpeter and writer John Chilton. At the end of each summer season he did stand-ups at strip clubs and for the next four years appeared in night clubs, theatres and working men's clubs. When entertainment work was slow he sold toys in a Sheffield store and also worked as a door-to-door draught-excluder salesman. He changed his stage surname to "Allen" on the prompting of his agent, who believed that few people in Britain could pronounce "O'Mahony"

Larry Murphy (actor)

a Twelve-Year-Old Boy With Asperger's", providing the voice of Christopher Walken taking a customer service call. Larry Murphy (actor) Lawrence "Larry" Murphy, Jr. (born March 12, 1972 in Abington, Massachusetts) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian, known for his work on the TV series "Late Night with Conan O'Brien", "Ugly Americans", "Delocated" and "Bob's Burgers". Murphy began performing stand-up comedy in 1997 at the Comedy Studio in Harvard Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Soon after he teamed up with Brendon Small. Together they performed sketches and rock operas until 2001. Murphy's subsequent independent live work is a mix of

Craig Brown (satirist)

BBC Radio 4 in 2004. It featured comics Rory Bremner and Harry Enfield and other media personalities. He has appeared on television as a critic on BBC Two's "Late Review" as well as in documentaries such a Russell Davies's life of Ronald Searle. His book "1966 and All That" takes its title, and some other elements, from "1066 and All That", extending its history of Britain through to the beginning of the 21st century. A BBC Radio 4 adaptation followed in September 2006, in similar vein to "This Is Craig Brown". "The Tony Years" is a comic overview of the

Dave Thompson (comedian)

Harry's neck. Thompson also made appearances in each night of Hill's "Hooves" tour. Dave Thompson (comedian) Dave Thompson (born 1 January 1960) is an English stand-up comedian, actor and writer who hit the headlines in July 1997 after being removed from the role of Tinky Winky in the children's television series "Teletubbies" after 70 episodes. The BBC said in a letter to Thompson that his "interpretation of the role was not acceptable". In an interview for The Pod Delusion, Thompson revealed that his contract had already been terminated at the end of the first series filming – some time before

Harry Enfield's Television Programme

Harry Enfield's Television Programme Harry Enfield and Chums (also called Harry Enfield's Television Programme) is a British sketch show starring Harry Enfield and Paul Whitehouse. It first broadcast on BBC Two in 1990 in the 9 pm slot on Thursday nights which became the traditional time for alternative comedy on television. Enfield was already an established name due to his 'Loadsamoney' character (which featured in a few entertainment programmes in the late 1980s), but the series gave greater presence to his frequent collaborators Paul Whitehouse and Kathy Burke – so much so that, in 1994, the show was retitled Harry

Harry Enfield

the British satirical puppet show "Spitting Image", and starred as Dirk Gently in the BBC Radio adaptations of "Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency" and "The Long Dark Tea-Time of the Soul". In 1990, Enfield developed his BBC sketch show, "Harry Enfield's Television Programme", later called "Harry Enfield and Chums", with Whitehouse and Kathy Burke. Eschewing the alternative comedy style prevalent at the time, both versions of the show were indebted to early '70s comedians such as Dick Emery and Morecambe and Wise. Enfield and his co-performers created another group of nationally recognised characters for these shows, such as "Stan and

Eddie Braben

during which he was posted to the kitchen at RAF Kenley. He then worked as a market trader with his own greengrocery stall, writing jokes in his spare time. Although shy, he sent jokes to various comedians that were appearing in Liverpool. His first was sold to Charlie Chester for 2s 6d (12½p), but his first major success was with Ken Dodd, with whom he worked for 12 years. Braben's biggest success came when the BBC lured Morecambe and Wise from ITV. Bill Cotton, then in charge of Light Entertainment at the BBC, was looking for a writer following the


Question: Being developed from earlier keyboard instruments, what year was the piano invented?

1709
one thousand seven hundred and nine
one thousand, seven hundred and nine

National Music Museum

18th-century grand pianos with the specific type of action conceived by the piano's inventor, Bartolomeo Cristofori. One of these built in 1767 by Manuel Antunes of Lisbon, is the earliest signed and dated piano by a maker native to Portugal; the other, built by Louis Bas in Villeneuve-lès-Avignon in 1781, is the earliest extant French grand piano. Other extraordinary keyboards include a Neapolitan virginal (ca. 1520), three 17th-century Flemish harpsichords (two by Andreas Ruckers), 17th- and 18th-century English, German, Portuguese, and French harpsichords, and German and Swedish clavichords. A group of 500 instruments made in the late-19th-, early-20th centuries by

Piano

Piano The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. The word piano is a shortened form of "pianoforte", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from "gravicembalo col piano e forte" and

Piano

invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. Cristofori was an expert harpsichord maker, and was well acquainted with the body of knowledge on stringed keyboard instruments. He used his knowledge of harpsichord keyboard mechanisms and actions to help him to develop the first pianos. It is not known exactly when Cristofori first built a piano. An inventory made by his employers, the Medici family, indicates the existence of a piano by the year 1700; another document of

Fortepiano

through their range. The piano was invented by harpsichord maker Bartolomeo Cristofori in Florence around the turn of the 18th century. The first reliable record of a piano appears in the inventory of the Medici family (who were Cristofori's patrons), dated 1700. Cristofori continued to develop the instrument until the 1720s, the time from which the surviving three Cristofori instruments date. Cristofori is perhaps best admired today for his ingenious piano action, which in some ways was more subtle and effective than that of many later instruments. However, other innovations were also needed to make the piano possible. Merely attaching

Piano

pianos were introduced to their product line in response to numerous requests in favor of it. There is a rare variant of piano that has double keyboards called the "Emánuel Moór Pianoforte". It was invented by Hungarian composer and pianist, Emánuel Moór (19 February 1863 – 20 October 1931). It consisted of two keyboards lying one above each other. The lower keyboard has the usual 88 keys and the upper keyboard has 76 keys. When pressing the upper keyboard the internal mechanism pulls down the corresponding key on the lower keyboard, but an octave higher. This lets a pianist reach

Piano

Piano

The piano is a stringed keyboard instrument in which the strings are struck by wooden hammers that are coated with a softer material (modern hammers are covered with dense wool felt; some early pianos used leather). It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. It was invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700.

Keyboard instrument

Keyboard instrument

A keyboard instrument is a musical instrument played using a keyboard, a row of levers which are pressed by the fingers. The most common of these are the piano, organ, and various electronic keyboards, including synthesizers and digital pianos. Other keyboard instruments include celestas, which are struck idiophones operated by a keyboard, and carillons, which are usually housed in bell towers or belfries of churches or municipal buildings.

Today, the term "keyboard" often refers to keyboard-style synthesizers. Under the fingers of a sensitive performer, the keyboard may also be used to control dynamics, phrasing, shading, articulation, and other elements of expression—depending on the design and inherent capabilities of the instrument.<ref name="kelzenberg" />

Another important use of the word "keyboard" is in historical musicology, where it means an instrument whose identity cannot be firmly established. Particularly in the 18th century, the harpsichord, the clavichord, and the early piano competed, and the same piece might be played on more than one. Hence, in a phrase such as "Mozart excelled as a keyboard player," the word "keyboard" is typically all-inclusive.

The term keyboard classifies instruments based on how the performer plays the instrument, and not on how the sound is produced. Categories of keyboard instruments include the following families (of which this is only a partial list):

Bartolomeo Cristofori

Bartolomeo Cristofori

Bartolomeo Cristofori di Francesco (; May 4, 1655 – January 27, 1731) was an Italian maker of musical instruments famous for inventing the piano.

Harpsichord

Harpsichord

A harpsichord (; ; ; ; ; ; ) is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. This activates a row of levers that turn a trigger mechanism that plucks one or more strings with a small plectrum made from quill or plastic. The strings are under tension on a soundboard, which is mounted in a wooden case; the soundboard amplifies the vibrations from the strings so that the listeners can hear it. Like a pipe organ, a harpsichord may have more than one keyboard manual, and even a pedal board. Harpsichords may also have stop buttons which add or remove additional octaves. Some harpsichords may have a buff stop, which brings a strip of buff leather or other material in contact with the strings, muting their sound to simulate the sound of a plucked lute.

The term denotes the whole family of similar plucked-keyboard instruments, including the smaller virginals, muselar, and spinet. The harpsichord was widely used in Renaissance and Baroque music, both as an accompaniment instrument and as a soloing instrument. During the Baroque era, the harpsichord was a standard part of the continuo group. The basso continuo part acted as the foundation for many musical pieces in this era. During the late 18th century, with the development of the fortepiano (and then the increasing use of the piano in the 19th century) the harpsichord gradually disappeared from the musical scene (except in opera, where it continued to be used to accompany recitative). In the 20th century, it made a resurgence, being used in historically informed performances of older music, in new compositions, and, in rare cases, in certain styles of popular music (e.g., Baroque pop).

History of home keyboards

History of home keyboards

The history of home keyboards lies in mechanical musical instrument keyboards, electrified keyboards and 1960s and 1970s synthesizer technologies.

Piano

reduction or doing a reduction from the full score), so that they can develop their interpretation. Piano The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. The word piano is a shortened form of "pianoforte", the Italian term for the early

Keyboard instrument

the piano is a product of the late 19th century, and is far removed in both sound and appearance from the "pianos" known to Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven. In fact, the modern piano is significantly different from even the 19th-century pianos used by Liszt, Chopin, and Brahms. "See Piano history and musical performance". Keyboard instruments were further developed in the early twentieth century. Early electromechanical instruments, such as the Ondes Martenot, appeared early in the century. This was a very important contribution to the keyboard's history. Much effort has gone into creating an instrument that sounds like the piano but

Baroque

de Danse, was founded by the King. It was the first professional dance school and company, and set the standards and vocabulary for ballet throughout Europe during the period. Several new instruments, including the piano, were introduced during this period. The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, as the Keeper of the Instruments. . Cristofori named the instrument "un cimbalo di cipresso di piano e forte" ("a keyboard of cypress with soft and loud"), abbreviated over time as "pianoforte", "fortepiano", and later,

Social history of the piano

Social history of the piano The social history of the piano is the history of the instrument's role in society. The piano was invented at the end of the 17th century, had become widespread in Western society by the end of the 18th, and is still widely played today. At the time of its origin around the year 1700, the piano was a speculative invention, produced by the well-paid craftsman and inventor Bartolomeo Cristofori for his wealthy patron Ferdinando de Medici, Grand Prince of Florence. As such, it was an extremely expensive item. For some time after its invention, the

Music technology

Cornets appear in Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet "Swan Lake", Claude Debussy's "La Mer", and several orchestral works by Hector Berlioz. The piano continued to undergo technological developments in the Romantic era, up until the 1860s. By the 1820s, the center of piano building innovation had shifted to Paris, where the Pleyel firm manufactured pianos used by Frédéric Chopin and the Érard firm manufactured those used by Franz Liszt. In 1821, Sébastien Érard invented the double escapement action, which incorporated a "repetition lever" (also called the "balancier") that permitted repeating a note even if the key had not yet risen to

Piano

octaves and a fifth during the 1790s, six octaves by 1810 (Beethoven used the extra notes in his later works), and seven octaves by 1820. The Viennese makers similarly followed these trends; however the two schools used different piano actions: Broadwoods used a more robust action, whereas Viennese instruments were more sensitive. By the 1820s, the center of piano innovation had shifted to Paris, where the Pleyel firm manufactured pianos used by Frédéric Chopin and the Érard firm manufactured those used by Franz Liszt. In 1821, Sébastien Érard invented the double escapement action, which incorporated a "repetition lever" (also called

Music technology (mechanical)

the expert harpsichord maker Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany. Cristofori invented the piano at some point before 1700. While the clavichord allowed expressive control of volume and sustain, it was too quiet for large performances. The harpsichord produced a sufficiently loud sound, but offered little expressive control over each note. The piano offered the best of both, combining loudness with dynamic control. Cristofori's great success was solving, with no prior example, the fundamental mechanical problem of piano design: the hammer must strike the string, but not remain in

Music technology

time for the new piano to gain in popularity. By 1800, though, the piano generally was used in place of the harpsichord (although pipe organ continued to be used in church music such as Masses). From about 1790 onward, the Mozart-era piano underwent tremendous changes that led to the modern form of the instrument. This revolution was in response to a preference by composers and pianists for a more powerful, sustained piano sound, and made possible by the ongoing Industrial Revolution with resources such as high-quality steel piano wire for strings, and precision casting for the production of iron frames.

Piano

the Western world's most familiar musical instruments. With technological advances, amplified electric pianos (1929), electronic pianos (1970s), and digital pianos (1980s) have also been developed. The electric piano became a popular instrument in the 1960s and 1970s genres of jazz fusion, funk music and rock music. The piano was founded on earlier technological innovations in keyboard instruments. Pipe organs have been used since Antiquity, and as such, the development of pipe organs enabled instrument builders to learn about creating keyboard mechanisms for sounding pitches. The first string instruments with struck strings were the hammered dulcimers, which were used since the

Gottfried Silbermann

transmitted to later builders the crucial ideas of Bartolomeo Cristofori (the inventor of the piano), ensuring their survival, and also invented the forerunner of the damper pedal. Evidence from the "Universal-Lexicon" of Johann Heinrich Zedler indicates that Silbermann first built a piano in 1732, only a year after Cristofori's death. Silbermann may have found out about Cristofori's invention as follows. In 1709, Scipione Maffei did research on the newly invented piano, including an interview with Cristofori, and published his findings (with a ringing endorsement of the instrument) in a 1711 Italian journal article. In 1725, this article was translated into

Americus Backers

high society. (Remember that Austen is writing contemporarily with Backers. By the time she is published in the second decade of the 19th Century, piano design had moved on and the must-have instrument of the day would have been a piano by Thomas Broadwood, much like the one he supplied to Beethoven.) Americus Backers Americus Backers (died 1778), sometimes described as the father of the English grand pianoforte style, brought the hammer striking action for keyboard instruments from his master Gottfried Silbermann's workshop in Freiburg to England in the mid-18th century. Unlike the eleven other ex-apprentices of Silbermann who followed

Americus Backers

in summary, the Backers piano in harpsichord case was the first of what has come to be known as the 18th Century English grand piano. We do not have an exact date for the very first instrument to be offered for sale. Its earliest appearance in public was in 1770 according to John Paul Williams' "The Piano, An Inspirational Guide to the Piano and its Place In History". Following hot on the heels of the Backers instruments came offerings from John Broadwood, succeeding his master, and from Robert Stodart striking out in business on his own. It is quite clear

Piano history and musical performance

widely by important composers, the piano was only somewhat more robust than in Cristofori's time; see fortepiano. It was during the period from about 1790 to 1870 that most of the important changes were made that created the modern piano: The prototype of the modern piano, with all of these changes in place, was exhibited to general acclaim by Steinway at the Paris exhibition of 1867; by about 1900, most leading piano manufacturers had incorporated most of these changes. These huge changes in the piano have somewhat vexing consequences for musical performance. The problem is that much of the most

Music technology

widely admired of all harpsichords, and are frequently used as models for the construction of modern instruments. In England, the Kirkman and Shudi firms produced sophisticated harpsichords of great power and sonority. German builders extended the sound repertoire of the instrument by adding sixteen foot choirs, adding to the lower register and two foot choirs, which added to the upper register. The piano was invented during the Baroque era by the expert harpsichord maker Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) of Padua, Italy, who was employed by Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany. Cristofori invented the piano at some point before 1700.

Bartolomeo Cristofori

the 1760s, when the invention of cheaper square pianos, along with generally greater prosperity, made it possible for many people to acquire one. Subsequent technological developments in the piano were often mere "re-inventions" of Cristofori's work; in the early years, there were perhaps as many regressions as advances. Nine instruments that survive today are attributed to Cristofori: The later instruments, dating from Cristofori's old age, probably include work by assistant Giovanni Ferrini, who went on after the inventor's death to build pianos of wider range using the same basic design. An apparent remnant harpsichord, lacking soundboard, keyboard, and action, is


Question: The Guinness Book of Records was first published in what year?

one thousand, nine hundred and fifty-five

one thousand nine hundred and fifty five

Hugh Beaver

question might prove popular. He happened to be correct. Beaver's idea became reality when Guinness employee Christopher Chataway recommended university friends Norris and Ross McWhirter, who had been running a fact-finding agency in London. The brothers were commissioned to compile what became the "Guinness Book of Records" in August 1954. A thousand copies were printed and given away. After founding the "Guinness Book of Records" at 107 Fleet Street, the first 198-page edition was bound on 27 August 1955 and went to the top of the British best seller lists by Christmas. "It was a marketing give away – it

Guinness World Records

Guinness World Records Guinness World Records, known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records, is a reference book published annually, listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver, the book was co-founded by brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street, London in August 1954. The book itself holds a world record, as the best-selling copyrighted book of all time. As of the 2019 edition, it is now in

Guinness World Records

a book supplying the answers to this sort of question might prove successful. Beaver's idea became reality when Guinness employee Christopher Chataway recommended University friends Norris and Ross McWhirter, who had been running a fact-finding agency in London. The twin brothers were commissioned to compile what became "The Guinness Book of Records" in August 1954. A thousand copies were printed and given away. After the founding of "The Guinness Book of Records" at 107 Fleet Street, London, the first 198-page edition was bound on 27 August 1955 and went to the top of the British best seller lists by Christmas.

Guinness World Records

2008. In 2012, Warner Bros. announced the development of a live-action film version of "Guinness World Records" with Daniel Chun as scriptwriter. The film version will apparently use the heroic achievements of record holders as the basis for a narrative that should have global appeal. Guinness World Records Guinness World Records, known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records, is a reference book published annually, listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. The brainchild

Guinness World Records

The following year, it launched in the US, and sold 70,000 copies. Since then, "Guinness World Records" has gone on to become a record breaker in its own right; with sales of more than 100 million copies in 100 different countries and 37 languages, "Guinness World Records" is the world's best selling copyrighted book ever. Because the book became a surprise hit, many further editions were printed, eventually settling into a pattern of one revision a year, published in September/October, in time for Christmas. The McWhirters continued to compile it for many years. Both brothers had an encyclopedic memory; on

Guinness World Records

Guinness World Records

Guinness World Records, known from its inception in 1955 until 1999 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records, is a reference book published annually, listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver, the book was co-founded by twin brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street, London, in August 1955.

The first edition topped the best-seller list in the United Kingdom by Christmas 1955.<ref name="best seller"/> The following year the book was launched internationally, and as of the 2022 edition, it is now in its 67th year of publication, published in 100 countries and 23 languages, and maintains over 53,000 records in its database.

The international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums. The popularity of the franchise has resulted in "Guinness World Records" becoming the primary international authority on the cataloguing and verification of a huge number of world records. The organisation employs record adjudicators to verify the authenticity of the setting and breaking of records. Following a series of owners, the franchise has been owned by the Jim Pattison Group since 2008, with its headquarters moved to South Quay Plaza, Canary Wharf, London in 2017. Since 2008, "Guinness World Records" has orientated its business model toward inventing new world records as publicity stunts for companies and individuals, which has attracted criticism.<ref name="planetmoney" /><ref name=":1" />

British Hit Singles & Albums

List of best-selling books

List of best-selling books

This page provides lists of best-selling individual books and book series to date and in any language. ""Best-selling"" refers to the estimated number of copies sold of each book, rather than the number of books printed or currently owned. Comics and textbooks are not included in this list. The books are listed according to the highest sales estimate as reported in reliable, independent sources. This list is incomplete because there are many books, such as "The Count of Monte Cristo" by Alexandre Dumas, "Don Quixote" by Miguel de Cervantes, and "The Lord of the Rings" (which has been sold as both a trilogy of books, "The Fellowship of the Ring", "The Two Towers", and "Return of the King", and as a single issue) by J. R. R. Tolkien, that lack comprehensive sales figures.

According to "Guinness World Records" as of 1995, the Bible is the best-selling book of all time with an estimated 5billion copies sold and distributed. Sales estimates for other printed religious texts include at least copies for the Qur'an and 190 million copies for the Book of Mormon. Among non-religious texts, the "Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung", also known as the "Little Red Book", has produced a wide array of sales and distribution figures — with estimates ranging from 800million Some claim the distribution ran into the "billions" and some cite "over a billion" official volumes between 1966 and 1969 alone as well as "untold numbers of unofficial local reprints and unofficial translations." Exact print figures for these and other books may also be missing or unreliable since these kinds of books may be produced by many different and unrelated publishers, in some cases over many centuries. All books of a religious, ideological, philosophical or political nature have thus been excluded from the below lists of best-selling books for these reasons.

Having sold more than 500 million copies worldwide, "Harry Potter" by J. K. Rowling is the best-selling book series in history. The first novel in the series, "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone", has sold in excess of 120 million copies, making it one of the best-selling books of all time. As of June 2017, the series has been translated into 80 languages, placing "Harry Potter" among history's most translated literary works. The last four books in the series consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books of all time, where the final installment, "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows", sold roughly fifteen million copies worldwide within twenty-four hours of its release. With twelve million books printed in the first US run, it also holds the record for the highest initial print run for any book in history.

List of best-selling singles

List of best-selling singles

This is a compendium of the best-selling music singles. The criterion for inclusion is to sell at least ten million copies worldwide. The singles listed here were cited by reliable sources from various media, such as digital journalism, newspapers, magazines, and books.

According to "Guinness World Records", Irving Berlin's "White Christmas" (1942) as performed by Bing Crosby is the best-selling single worldwide, with estimated sales of over 50 million copies. The song, recognized as "the best-selling single of all time", was released before the pop/rock singles-chart era and "was listed as the world's best-selling single in the first-ever "Guinness Book of Records" (published in 1955) and—remarkably—still retains the title more than 50 years later". "Guinness World Records" also states that double A-side charity single "Candle in the Wind 1997"/"Something About the Way You Look Tonight" (1997) by Elton John (rewritten as a tribute to Diana, Princess of Wales, rather than Marilyn Monroe in the original 1973 version), is "the biggest-selling single since UK and US singles charts began in the 1950s, having accumulated worldwide sales of 33 million copies". This makes it the second-best-selling physical single of all time.<ref name="Guinness"/>

Two best-selling singles lists are displayed here relating first to physical singles (mainly CD and vinyl singles) and second to digital singles (digitally downloaded tracks which first became available to purchase in the early 2000s).

Limca Book of Records

Limca Book of Records

The Limca Book of Records is an annual reference book published in India documenting world records held by Indians. The records are further categorized into education, literature, agriculture, medical science, business, sports, nature, adventure, radio and cinema.

The "Limca Book of Records" is published in English and is a promotional tool of Limca, a soft drink brand, owned by the Coca Cola Company, it is a localised equivalent of the "Guinness World Records".

Guinness World Records

its 64th year of publication, published in 100 countries and 23 languages. The international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums. The popularity of the franchise has resulted in "Guinness World Records" becoming the primary international authority on the cataloguing and verification of a huge number of world records; the organisation employs official record adjudicators authorised to verify the authenticity of the setting and breaking of records. On 10 November 1951, Sir Hugh Beaver, then the managing director of the Guinness Breweries, went on a shooting party in the North Slob, by the River Slaney in

Bokförlaget Forum

sold it to Bonniers in 1991. However, she stayed on as the manager until 1997, when the company was merged with Forum. At the end of the 1950s Forum started publishing "Guinness Rekordbok" ("The Guinness Book of Records)", a publication which continued for 30 years. Over the years, Forum has acquired several publishing companies. In 2000, the publisher Bokförlaget DN became an imprint under Forum, in 2004 the popular science-focused publishing Fahrenheit was made an imprint and the same year the publishing company Bokförlaget Fitness was acquired. Bokförlaget Minotaur was a Swedish publishing company publishing translated crime novels, with their

Norris McWhirter

work on the book that became "The Guinness Book of Records" in 1954. In August 1955, the first slim green volume – 198 pages long – was at the bookstalls, and in four more months it was Britain's No. 1 nonfiction best-seller. In 1954, the McWhirter brothers sued "Daily Mail" sports writer J. L. Manning for his critical piece about non-journalist (i.e. not members of the National Union of Journalists) sports writers. The McWhirters were awarded £300 in damages. McWhirter was also part of the BBC commentary team for their Olympic Games coverage between 1960 and 1976. He was an

Ross McWhirter

facts and figures to newspapers, yearbooks, encyclopaedias and advertisers". While building up their accounts, they both worked as sports journalists. One of the athletes they knew and covered was runner Christopher Chataway, an employee at Guinness who recommended them to Hugh Beaver. After an interview in 1954 in which the Guinness directors enjoyed testing the twins' knowledge of records and unusual facts, the brothers agreed to start work on the book that would become "The Guinness Book of Records". In August 1955, the first slim green volume – 198 pages long – was at the bookstalls, and in four more

Rupert Guinness, 2nd Earl of Iveagh

director, went on a shooting party in 1951. He became involved in an argument about which was the fastest game bird in Europe, the golden plover or the grouse, and he realised that a book, published by Guinness, that supplied answers to this sort of question might prove popular. Sir Hugh's idea became reality when the McWhirter twins, Norris and Ross, who had been running a fact-finding agency in London, were commissioned to compile what became the Guinness Book of Records. The first edition was published in 1955 and went to the top of the British best-seller lists by Christmas

Guinness Book of Astronomy

Guinness Book of Astronomy The Guinness Book of Astronomy is a book () by the British astronomer Patrick Moore, first published in 1979, and running to seven editions. The first part of the book is written like a "Guinness Book of Records", with paragraphs like "the most luminous star", "the farthest star", and so on. Solar system objects are explained in detail. The second part is a detailed sky atlas for amateur astronomy observations: for each constellation, a list of bright and dim stars, deep sky and other notable objects is given to the reader. The object tables are so

Guinness Book of Astronomy

complete that this book alone is enough for months of observations with small telescopes. Guinness Book of Astronomy The Guinness Book of Astronomy is a book () by the British astronomer Patrick Moore, first published in 1979, and running to seven editions. The first part of the book is written like a "Guinness Book of Records", with paragraphs like "the most luminous star", "the farthest star", and so on. Solar system objects are explained in detail. The second part is a detailed sky atlas for amateur astronomy observations: for each constellation, a list of bright and dim stars, deep sky

Guinness World Records

the TV series "Record Breakers", based upon the book, they would take questions posed by children in the audience on various world records and were able to give the correct answer. Ross McWhirter was assassinated by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in 1975. Following Ross' assassination, the feature in the show where questions about records posed by children were answered was called "Norris on the Spot". Guinness Superlatives (later Guinness World Records) Limited was formed in 1954 to publish the first book. Sterling Publishing owned the rights to the "Guinness" book in the US for decades. The group was owned

Guinness World Records

the Hollywood, Niagara Falls, Copenhagen, and Gatlinburg, Tennessee museums also previously featured this branding. Guinness World Records has commissioned various television series documenting world record breaking attempts, including: Specials: With the popularity of reality television, Guinness World Records began to market itself as the originator of the television genre, with slogans such as "we wrote the book on Reality TV". In 2008, Guinness World Records released its gamer's edition, a branch that keeps records for popular video game high scores, code, and feats in association with Twin Galaxies. The Gamer's Edition contains 258 pages, over 1236 video game related world

Hugh Beaver

wasn't supposed to be a money maker" said Beaver. The following year it launched in the US, and sold 70,000 copies. Since then, Guinness World Records has gone on to become a record breaker in its own right, with sales of more than 100 million copies in 100 different countries and 37 languages, "Guinness World Records" is the world's best selling copyrighted book ever. Beaver died in 1967 from heart failure in his London home. Hugh Beaver Sir Hugh Eyre Campbell Beaver, KBE (4 May 189016 January 1967) was a British engineer, industrialist, and founder of the "Guinness World Records",

The Malaysia Book of Records

Realising that none of these feats would be recorded, Mr. Ooi felt that recognition should be given to such determination exhibited by Malaysians. Achievements were compiled for publication into the MBR and were also included in its production shown in a TV series called The Malaysia Book of Records' weekly TV series, which debuted on October 6, 1996 on RTM TV2. The MBR will serve as a medium with which to acknowledge Malaysians who have promoted their country by creating records. The first record book entitled "The Malaysia Book of Records' First Edition" was launched on December 9, 1998, unveiling

Guinness Records (record label)

Guinness Records (record label) Guinness Records was the name of an American record label operational in 1977. It was, along with Tiger Lily Records one of the major tax scam labels, releasing around hundred albums. Guinness Records was established in 1977 by Marvin L. Popkin as a tax shelter based around the idea of investing in a master recording that would be greatly over valued so that the investors could claim a tax loss when the deliberately under-promoted album failed to sell. Most recordings were sourced from recording studio vaults and published as albums without the knowledge or consent of

Unique World Records

was launched on 24 August 2014 by Sarup Chand Singla, chief parliamentary secretary & MLA Bathinda, Punjab India. The third edition was launched on 25 December 2016 as digital edition on Google Play Books. It is free for reader Fourth edition launched on 25 December 2017 as hard copy edition along with digital edition on Google Play Books. It is available for reader Unique World Records Unique World Records is a world record book published in India. The reference book published annually, listing all world records in the categories of amazing facts, biggest, business, collections, creativity, education, extraordinary talent, inventions,

Guinness World Records

records and four interviews including one with Twin Galaxies founder Walter Day. The most recent edition is the "Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition, 2019," which was released September 6, 2018. The "Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums" was published from 2003 to 2006, based on two earlier, separate HiT publications, "British Hit Singles" and "British Hit Albums", which began in 1977. It was effectively replaced (in singles part) by the "Virgin Book of British Hit Singles" from 2007 onward. A video game, "", was developed by TT Fusion and released for Nintendo DS, Wii and iOS in November

Guinness World Records

the Guinness World Records database, as well as select new records, with the criteria for inclusion changing from year to year. The retirement of Norris McWhirter from his consulting role in 1995 and the subsequent decision by Diageo Plc to sell The Guinness Book of Records brand have shifted the focus of the books from text-oriented to illustrated reference. A selection of records are curated for the book from the full archive but all existing Guinness World Records titles can be accessed by creating a login on the company's website. Applications made by individuals for existing record categories are free


Question: In the cartoon, what kind of bird is the roadrunner?

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Cuckoo

greater roadrunner is the state bird of the US state of New Mexico and is a common symbol of the American Southwest in general. "Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner" was a long running series of cartoons by Warner Brothers Studios that has had enduring popularity from the time the characters were created in 1949 through the present and helps define the image of the bird in popular culture. Cuckoo The cuckoos are a family of birds, Cuculidae, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes. The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals

Greater roadrunner

compact platforms of thorny branches lined with grasses, feathers, snakeskin, roots, and other fine material. Some Pueblo Native American tribes, including the Hopi, believed the roadrunner provided protection against evil spirits. In Mexico, some said it brought babies, as the white stork was said to in Europe. Some Anglo frontier people believed roadrunners led lost people to trails. Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner are the two protagonists of a long-running (since 1949) Warner Bros. cartoon series. The roadrunner appeared in a 1982 sheet of 20-cent United States stamps showing 50 state birds and flowers, being the state bird

Roadrunner

Roadrunner The roadrunners (genus Geococcyx), also known as chaparral birds or chaparral cocks, are two species of fast-running ground cuckoos with long tails and crests. They are found in the southwestern United States and Mexico, usually in the desert. Some have been clocked at . The subfamily Neomorphinae, the New World ground cuckoos, includes 11 species of birds, while the genus "Geococcyx" has just two, The roadrunner generally ranges in size from from tail to beak. The average weight is about . The roadrunner is a large, slender, black-brown and white-streaked ground bird with a distinctive head crest. It has

Roadrunner

long legs, strong feet, and an oversized dark bill. The tail is broad with white tips on the three outer tail feathers. The bird has a bare patch of skin behind each eye; this patch is shaded blue anterior to red posterior. The lesser roadrunner is slightly smaller, not as streaky, and has a smaller bill. Both the lesser roadrunner and the greater roadrunner leave behind very distinct "X" track marks appearing as if they are travelling in both directions. Roadrunners and other members of the cuckoo family have zygodactyl feet. The roadrunner can run at speeds of up to

Run, Run, Sweet Road Runner

Run, Run, Sweet Road Runner Run, Run Sweet Roadrunner is an animated cartoon in the Merrie Melodies series released by Warner Bros.. It features Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner and was directed and written by Rudy Larriva and co-animated by Hank Smith and Tom McDonald for release in 1965. It was the first of the Road Runner cartoons subcontracted to Format Productions, and the one of the only three which composer William Lava was able to properly score. (The subsequent cartoons had to use a set of stock musical cues due to extremely low budgets.) The short starts

Roadrunner

Roadrunner

The roadrunners (genus Geococcyx), also known as chaparral birds or chaparral cocks, are two species of fast-running ground cuckoos with long tails and crests. They are found in the southwestern and south-central United States and Mexico, usually in the desert. Although capable of flight, roadrunners generally run away from predators. On the ground, some have been clocked at while a few have also been clocked up to .

Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner

Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner

Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner are a duo of cartoon characters from the "Looney Tunes" and "Merrie Melodies" series of animated cartoons, first appearing in 1949 in the theatrical cartoon short "Fast and Furry-ous". In each episode, the cunning, devious and constantly hungry coyote repeatedly attempts to catch and subsequently eat the Road Runner, but is successful in catching the Road Runner (but not eating it) on only extremely rare occasions. Instead of his animal instincts, the coyote uses absurdly complex contraptions (generally in the manner of Rube Goldberg) to try to catch his prey, which comically backfire, with the coyote often getting injured in slapstick fashion. Many of the items for these contrivances are mail-ordered from a variety of companies implied to be part of the Acme Corporation.

One running gag involves the coyote trying, in vain, to shield himself with a little parasol against a great falling boulder that is about to crush him. Another involves him falling from high cliffs, after momentarily being suspended in midair—as if the fall is delayed until he realizes that there is nothing below him. The rest of the scene, shot from a bird's-eye view, shows him falling into a canyon so deep that his figure is eventually lost to sight, with only a small puff of dust indicating his impact. The coyote is notably a brilliant artist, capable of quickly painting incredibly lifelike renderings of such things as tunnels and roadside scenes, in further (and equally futile) attempts to deceive the bird.

The characters were created for Warner Bros. in 1948 by animation director Chuck Jones and writer Michael Maltese, with Maltese also setting the template for their adventures. The characters star in a long-running series of theatrical cartoon shorts (the first 16 of which were written by Maltese) and occasional made-for-television cartoons. Originally meant to parody chase-cartoon characters like "Tom and Jerry", they became popular in their own right.

The coyote appears separately as an occasional antagonist of Bugs Bunny in five shorts from 1952 to 1963: "", "To Hare Is Human", "Rabbit's Feat", "Compressed Hare", and "Hare-Breadth Hurry". While he is generally silent in the Wile E. Coyote – Road Runner shorts, he speaks with a refined accent in these solo outings (except for "Hare-Breadth Hurry"), beginning with 1952's "", introducing himself as "Wile E. Coyote, Genius", voiced by Mel Blanc. Wile E. Coyote additionally speaks in the 1965 short "Zip Zip Hooray!", where he explains his desire to eat the Road Runner.  The Road Runner vocalizes only with his signature "beep, beep" sound, recorded by Paul Julian and an accompanying "popping-cork" tongue sound.

By 2020, 50 cartoons had been made featuring the characters (including the four CGI shorts), the majority by creator Chuck Jones.

"TV Guide" included Wile E. Coyote in its 2013 list of "The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time".

Greater roadrunner

Greater roadrunner

The greater roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus) is a long-legged bird in the cuckoo family, Cuculidae, from the Aridoamerica region in the Southwestern United States and Mexico. The scientific name means "Californian earth-cuckoo". Along with the lesser roadrunner, it is one of two species in the genus "Geococcyx". This roadrunner is also known as the chaparral cock, ground cuckoo, and snake killer.

The Road Runner Show

The Road Runner Show

The Road Runner Show is an American Saturday morning animated anthology series which compiled theatrical Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner cartoons from the "Looney Tunes" and "Merrie Melodies", which were produced by Warner Bros. Cartoons between 1949 and 1964. Several of the shorts, especially the ones produced from 1965 onward, were produced by DePatie–Freleng Enterprises after Warner Bros. closed their animation studio. DePatie–Freleng Enterprises provided the animation for the show's intro and closing credits.

Plymouth Superbird

Plymouth Superbird

The Plymouth Superbird is a highly modified, short-lived version of the Plymouth Road Runner with applied graphic images as well as a distinctive horn sound both referencing the popular "Looney Tunes" cartoon character the Road Runner. It was the factory's follow-up stock car racing design, for the 1970 season, to the Dodge Charger Daytona of 1969, and incorporated many engineering changes and modifications (both minor and major) garnered from the Daytona's season in competition.

The car's primary rivals were the Ford Torino Talladega and Mercury Cyclone, a direct response to the Mopar aero car. It has also been speculated that a motivating factor in the production of the car was to lure Richard Petty back to Plymouth. Both of the Mopar aero cars famously featured a protruding, aerodynamic nosecone, a high-mounted rear wing and, unique to the Superbird, a horn mimicking the Road Runner's signature "beep, beep."

Superbirds equipped with the top-of-the-line with a pair of four barrel Carter AFB carburettors (2x4bbl) producing could accelerate from 0 to in 5.5 seconds.

Greater roadrunner

Greater roadrunner The greater roadrunner ("Geococcyx californianus") is a long-legged bird in the cuckoo family, Cuculidae, from Southwestern United States and Mexico. The Latin name means "Californian earth-cuckoo". Along with the lesser roadrunner, it is one of two species in the roadrunner genus "Geococcyx". This roadrunner is also known as the chaparral cock, ground cuckoo, and snake killer. The roadrunner is about long, has a wingspan and weighs . It stands around tall and is the largest cuckoo of the Americas. Roadrunners have four toes on each zygodactyl foot; two face forward, and two face backward. The toes are brown

Greater roadrunner

of New Mexico. Greater roadrunner The greater roadrunner ("Geococcyx californianus") is a long-legged bird in the cuckoo family, Cuculidae, from Southwestern United States and Mexico. The Latin name means "Californian earth-cuckoo". Along with the lesser roadrunner, it is one of two species in the roadrunner genus "Geococcyx". This roadrunner is also known as the chaparral cock, ground cuckoo, and snake killer. The roadrunner is about long, has a wingspan and weighs . It stands around tall and is the largest cuckoo of the Americas. Roadrunners have four toes on each zygodactyl foot; two face forward, and two face backward. The

The Whizzard of Ow

turns out that the reason for the cat's uncontrollable transformations was the Road Runner, who found the book of magic and decided to test his powers. He then turns a mailbox into a gracious and beautiful female roadrunner and the two leave, walking and holding "hands", while the Coyote suffers being shark food. This Coyote and Roadrunner short is notable for being the only one so far to use the real taxonomic names "Geococcyx californianus" (Greater Roadrunner) and "Canis latrans" (Coyote) instead of the usual pseudo-Latin names. The Whizzard of Ow Whizzard of Ow is an animated short film that

Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner

Warner, and signed a license with Warner Bros. to produce cartoons for the big studio to distribute. Their first cartoon to feature the Road Runner was "The Wild Chase", directed by Freleng in 1965. The premise was a race between the bird and "the fastest mouse in all of Mexico," Speedy Gonzales, with the Coyote and Sylvester the Cat each trying to make a meal out of his usual target. Much of the material was animation rotoscoped from earlier Runner and Gonzales shorts, with the other characters added in. In total, DePatie-Freleng produced 14 "Road Runner" cartoons, two of which

Run, Run, Sweet Road Runner

E. pouring bird-seed into a little bowl with a sign that says FREE BIRD SEED that is under the large sharp spiked grate and disguises it as a shade canopy. He watches from the top of his rock with a pair of binoculars as Road Runner runs to the bowl of bird seed, gobbles it up in three seconds, and runs off before the coyote can cut the grate loose. Wile E. gets a stunned look on his face and climbs down to fill the bowl with more bird seed. Unfortunately, the hot sun creates a glare on the lenses

Greater roadrunner

a second brood. This bird walks around rapidly, running down prey. It feeds mainly on small animals including insects, spiders (including black widows), tarantulas, scorpions, mice, small birds, and especially lizards and small snakes. Venomous serpents, including small rattlesnakes, are readily consumed. It kills prey by holding the victim in its bill and slamming it repeatedly against the ground. The greater roadrunner is monogamous, forming long-term pair bonds. Both birds build the nest, with the male collecting the material and the female constructing the nest. Nest building starts in March in Texas, and probably later further north. The nests are

There They Go-Go-Go!

in it, proving he is indeed "Famishius Fantasticus". An object bowls everything over and the "chicken" in the "trash can" lands on him. A question mark appears . Wile E. looks out to see what has everything bowled over. Its name and Latin name appears Roadrunner (dig-outtis tid-bittius). The bird beeps and zooms away starting the chase. Wile E. takes a straight-line shortcut instead of the road to catch up. Before Wile E. can come close, however, the Road Runner sets the road on fire with his blinding speed, causing Wile E. to burn his feet. He stomps out the

Roadrunner

illness or to boost stamina and strength. The word for roadrunner in O'odham language is "Tadai" or "Taḏai" and is still used throughout Tucson, Arizona Roadrunner The roadrunners (genus Geococcyx), also known as chaparral birds or chaparral cocks, are two species of fast-running ground cuckoos with long tails and crests. They are found in the southwestern United States and Mexico, usually in the desert. Some have been clocked at . The subfamily Neomorphinae, the New World ground cuckoos, includes 11 species of birds, while the genus "Geococcyx" has just two, The roadrunner generally ranges in size from from tail to

Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner

Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner Wile E. Coyote (also known simply as "The Coyote") and the Road Runner are a duo of characters from the "Looney Tunes" and "Merrie Melodies" series of cartoons. In the cartoons, the Coyote repeatedly attempts to catch and subsequently eat the Road Runner, a fast-running ground bird, but is never successful. Instead of his animal instincts, the Coyote uses absurdly complex contraptions (sometimes in the manner of Rube Goldberg) to pursue his prey, which comically backfire with the Coyote often getting injured in slapstick fashion. Many of the items for these contrivances are

The Solid Tin Coyote

The Solid Tin Coyote The Solid Tin Coyote is an animated cartoon in the "Looney Tunes" series released by Warner Bros. It features Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner and was directed by Rudy Larriva for release in 1966. Wile E. tries to capture the Road Runner by covering the road with tar, but the bird simply runs directly over it. He stops himself from leaping into the tar (in anticipation of the Road Runner being stuck), and accidentally walks into the road where the tar is located to ascertain where his enemy has gone. Wile E. manages to

Greater roadrunner

in color and have pale gold spots. The upper body is mostly brown with black streaks and sometimes pink spots. The neck and upper breast are white or pale brown with dark brown streaks, and the belly is white. A crest of brown feathers sticks up on the head, and a bare patch of orange and blue skin lies behind each eye; the blue is replaced by white in adult males (except the blue adjacent to the eye), and the orange (to the rear) is often hidden by feathers. Although capable of limited flight, it spends most of its time

Hip Hip-Hurry!

a real headache on the rocks above. However, before he can chase the Road Runner in that direction, the bird pulls behind him a second time. Wile instantly suspects the situation, and peeks through his legs, but this only leads to him bumping his head on the ground when the Road Runner beeps. The chase now begins in full force, ending when the Road Runner barely escapes the coyote's grip and sets a bridge on fire due to his speed. Wile E. is left bemused at the bird's burst of speed, gesturing the incident, and falls through the bridge and

Arnold Mikelson

1971 the Amy Ryan Fine Arts Center in Abilene, Texas commissioned Mikelson to create three sculptures for its Fine Arts Center. "Roadrunner", a roadrunner attacking a rattlesnake was one of the pieces, depicting the state bird of New Mexico. The "Mockingbirds", the state bird of Texas, along with "Inspiration", a seven-foot angel completed the set. Today these works are on permanent display at the Amy Graves Ryan Center of Fine Arts in Abilene. Exhibitions featuring his work were held at the British Columbia Provincial Museum, and at locations all across Canada. In 1976 on the grounds of the Canadian National

Whoa, Be-Gone!

Road Runner, leans off the rocket slightly, and prepares to sink his utensils into the Road Runner. Then the cartoon pauses for a red arrow and Wile E.'s Latin name ("Famishius Vulgaris Ingeniusi"), and then for another red arrow and the Road Runner's Latin name ("Birdius High-Ballius"). The chase continues down the road as Wile E. prepares to make his move, but before he can deliver the final blow, he hits his head on a tunnel arch as the Road Runner goes through it. The Road Runner and the rocket come out the other end; the bird escapes and the

Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner

top of him. Wile E. appears without the bird in a "The Wizard of Oz" parody, dressed in his batsuit from one short, in a twister (tornado) funnel in "Buttons in Ows". Also, in the beginning of one episode, an artist is seen drawing Road Runner. In a Cartoon Network TV ad about "The Acme Hour", Wile E. Coyote utilized a pair of jet roller skates to catch the Road Runner and (quite surprisingly) "didn't" fail. While he was cooking his prey, it was revealed that the roller skates came from a generic brand. The ad said that other brand