Question: What courtesy title is held by the heir to the Marquis of Bath?

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Marquis of Bath
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Viscount Weymouth
Lord Bath
Lord Weymouth
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The Viscount Weymouth

Earl of Bath

England, with remainder to his heirs male. On 3 November 1721 James created him "Duke of Albemarle", "Marquis Monck and Fitzhemmon", "Earl of Bath", "Viscount Bevil", and "Baron Lansdown of Bideford" in the Jacobite Peerage of England, with remainder to the heirs male of his body, whom failing to his brother, Bernard Granville, and the heirs male of his body. George died on 29 January 1735 and left no male progeny, and thus at his death the Barony of Lansdowne became extinct. His Jacobite titles, such as they were, were inherited by his nephew Bernard Granville, son of his brother

Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom

confusion with Lord Stewart, the eldest son of Viscount Castlereagh (the eldest son of The Marquess of Londonderry). Another form of courtesy title is the honorific prefix of "Lord" before the name. This non-peerage title is accorded to younger sons of dukes and marquesses. The courtesy title is added before the person's given name and surname, as in the example of Lord Randolph Churchill, although conversational usage drops the surname on secondary reference. The title persists after the death of the holder's father, but is not inherited by any of his children. The wife of the holder is entitled to

George Granville, 1st Baron Lansdowne

Viscount [ ]" and "Earl of Bath" in the Jacobite Peerage of England, with remainder to his heirs male. On 3 November 1721 James created him "Duke of Albemarle", "Marquis Monck and Fitzhemmon", "Earl of Bath", "Viscount Bevel", and "Baron Lansdown of Bideford" in the Jacobite Peerage of England, which supposed titles had no legal validity in the Kingdom of Great Britain. One of these titles referred to his family's supposed descent (officially confirmed to the 1st Earl of Bath by warrant of King Charles II in 1661) from Richard I de Grenville (d.post 1142) of Neath Castle, one of

Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom

son - himself not a peer - may use one of his father's lesser titles "by courtesy". However, the father continues to be the substantive holder of the peerage title and the son using the title by courtesy legally subordinate unless issued a writ of acceleration. If the eldest son of a duke or marquess has an eldest son, he may use a still lower title, if one exists. For example, the Duke of Norfolk is also Earl of Arundel and Baron Maltravers. His eldest son is therefore styled "Earl of Arundel" (without the definite article "The" which indicates a

Marquess of Bath

the top left and bottom right made of ten horizontal bars alternating gold and black (for the Boteville family); the top right and bottom left quarters white with a red lion rampant with a knotted tail (for the Thynne family). The heir apparent is the present holder's son Ceawlin Henry Laszlo Thynn, Viscount Weymouth (b. 1974). The heir apparent's heir is his son John Alexander Ladi Thynn, Lord Thynn (b. 2014). Marquess of Bath Marquess of Bath is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1789 for Thomas Thynne, Viscount Weymouth. The Marquess holds the

Marquess of Bath

Marquess of Bath

Marquess of Bath is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1789 for Thomas Thynne, 3rd Viscount Weymouth. The Marquess holds the subsidiary titles Baron Thynne, of Warminster in the County of Wiltshire, and Viscount Weymouth, both created in 1682 in the Peerage of England. He is also a baronet in the Baronetage of England.

Marquess of Bristol

Marquess of Bristol

Marquess of Bristol is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom held by the Hervey family since 1826. The Marquess's subsidiary titles are Earl of Bristol (created 1714), Earl Jermyn, of Horningsheath in the County of Suffolk (1826), and Baron Hervey, of Ickworth in the County of Suffolk (1703). The Hervey barony is in the Peerage of England, the earldom of Bristol in the Peerage of Great Britain and the Jermyn earldom in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. "Earl Jermyn" is used as courtesy title by the Marquess's eldest son and heir. The Marquess of Bristol also holds the office of "Hereditary High Steward of the Liberty of St Edmund" (a liberty encompassing the entire former county of West Suffolk). The present holder of these titles is Frederick Hervey (born 19 October 1979), the 8th Marquess and 12th Earl of Bristol.

The Hervey (pronounced 'Harvey') family has often been considered unconventional, it is of Frankish origins and means 'warrior and host'. The 18th-century phrase "When God created the human race, he made men, women and Herveys" is attributed variously to French philosopher Voltaire and to Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. It has been read as a reference to the second Lord Hervey's noted originality and eccentricity, but has been applied to the family throughout the centuries. According to the "Dictionary of National Biography", the Hervey family have been described as "active and brave, but reckless and overconfident ... greatly addicted to intrigue ...". Dr Johnson thought them good company: "If you will call a dog Hervey," he said, "I shall love him."

Marquess of Lansdowne

Marquess of Lansdowne

Marquess of Lansdowne is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain created in 1784, and held by the head of the Petty-Fitzmaurice family. The first Marquess served as Prime Minister of Great Britain.

Duke of Devonshire

Duke of Devonshire

Duke of Devonshire is a title in the Peerage of England held by members of the Cavendish family. This (now the senior) branch of the Cavendish family has been one of the wealthiest British aristocratic families since the 16th century and has been rivalled in political influence perhaps only by the Marquesses of Salisbury and the Earls of Derby.

List of viscountcies in the peerages of Britain and Ireland

This article is a list of viscountcies in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, including the England, the Scotland, the Ireland, the Great Britain and the Peerage of the United Kingdom, listed in order of creation, including extant, extinct and abeyant titles. A viscount is the fourth rank in the peerage of the United Kingdom, Great Britain, England, Scotland and Ireland. A relatively late introduction, holders of the title take precedence after earls and before barons.

The term "viscount" ("vice-comes") was originally a judicial honorific, long used in Anglo-Norman England to refer to a county sheriff. It was only turned into a noble title, with hereditary dignity, in England by Henry VI in 1440, following the similar transformation of that title in France.

The majority of viscountcies are held by peers with higher titles, such as duke, marquess or earl; this can come about for a number of reasons, including the title being created as a subsidiary title at the same time as the higher peerage, the holder being elevated at a later time to a higher peerage or through inheritance when one individual is the heir to two separate titles.

Viscounts were created in the peerages of England and Scotland until the Act of Union 1707, thereafter being created in the peerage of Great Britain. After the Acts of Union 1800 came into effect in 1801, all peerages were created in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Viscounts in the Peerage of Ireland were created by English and British monarchs in their capacity as Lord or King of Ireland. Irish peers were not initially granted a seat in the House of Lords and so allowed the grantee to sit in the House of Commons. Viscounts of Ireland have precedence below peers of England, Scotland, and Great Britain of the same rank, and above peers of the United Kingdom of the same rank; but Irish peers created after 1801 yield to United Kingdom peers of earlier creation.

A number of Speakers of the House of Commons have been elevated to the peerage as viscounts. Of the nineteen Speakers between 1801 and 1983, eleven were made viscounts, five were made barons, one refused a peerage and two died in office (and their widows were created a viscountess and a baroness). The last such was George Thomas, 1st Viscount Tonypandy upon his retirement in 1983. Since then it has had become more common to grant life peerages to retiring Speakers.

Duke of Somerset

The only subsidiary title of the Duke of Somerset is Baron Seymour, which is used as a courtesy title by the eldest son and heir of the Duke. This courtesy title is the lowest in rank of all heirs to Dukedoms in the peerages of the British Isles, yet a Lord Seymour's precedence is higher than his title suggests, by virtue of the seniority of the Dukedom of Somerset (the only more senior non-royal duke is the Duke of Norfolk). Several other titles have been held by the Dukes of Somerset, but have become extinct. These include: Earl of Kendal

Charles Granville, 2nd Earl of Bath

the family vault at Kilkhampton, Cornwall. His titles passed to his only son, William (1691–1711), who died unmarried at the age of 19, whereby the earldom became extinct. Charles Granville, 2nd Earl of Bath Charles Granville, 2nd Earl of Bath (bapt. 31 August 1661 – 4 September 1701) was an English soldier, politician, diplomat, courtier and peer. Born with the courtesy title of Lord Lansdown (after the territorial designation of his father's viscountcy of Granville) in 1661, he was the eldest son of John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath and his wife, the former Jane Wyche. On 22 May 1678,

Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom

letter "T"): e.g., 'Earl of Arundel' rather than 'The Earl of Arundel'. The actual courtesy title which is used is a matter of family tradition. For instance, the eldest son of The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry is styled "Earl of Dalkeith", even though the duke is also the Marquess of Dumfriesshire, a title which outranks the earldom. Similarly, the eldest son of The Marquess of Londonderry is styled "Viscount Castlereagh", even though the marquess is also the Earl Vane. Titles with the same name as a peer's main title are also not used as courtesy titles. For instance, The

Earl of Bath

Bernard. The younger Bernard died in 1776, when the Jacobite peerages created on 3 November 1721 became extinct, while those created on 6 October 1721 passed to his heir male. Earl of Bath Earl of Bath was a title that was created five times in British history, three times in the Peerage of England, once in the Peerage of Great Britain and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It is now extinct. George Granville, 1st Baron Lansdowne had been created a baron by Queen Anne on 1 January 1712. On 6 October 1721 the Jacobite Old Pretender "James

Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom

styles of younger sons). For example, actress Nimmy March, the daughter of The Duke and Duchess of Richmond, was immediately elevated to Lady Naomi Gordon-Lennox on 30 April 2004. Note that Scottish peerages' rules for courtesy titles and styles differ. Occasionally a peer succeeds to a peerage upon the death of a relative who is not one of his or her parents. When this happens, the relatives of the new peer may be allowed to use the courtesy titles or styles which would have been accorded them if the new peer had succeeded a parent or grandparent in the title.

Marquess of Bath

Marquess of Bath Marquess of Bath is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1789 for Thomas Thynne, Viscount Weymouth. The Marquess holds the subsidiary titles Baron Thynne, of Warminster in the County of Wiltshire, and Viscount Weymouth, both created in 1682 in the Peerage of England. He is also a baronet in the Baronetage of England. The Thynne family descends from the soldier and courtier Sir John Thynne (died 1580), who constructed Longleat House between 1567 and 1579. In 1641 his great-grandson Henry Frederick Thynne was created a Baronet, of Caus Castle, in the

Earl of Bath

Earl of Bath Earl of Bath was a title that was created five times in British history, three times in the Peerage of England, once in the Peerage of Great Britain and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It is now extinct. George Granville, 1st Baron Lansdowne had been created a baron by Queen Anne on 1 January 1712. On 6 October 1721 the Jacobite Old Pretender "James III", who refused to recognise his peerage "Baron Lansdown" bestowed by Queen Anne, created him "Lord of Lansdown"," Viscount [ ]" and "Earl of Bath" in the Jacobite Peerage of

Marquess of Bath

third Viscount. He was a prominent statesman and served as Secretary of State for the Northern Department and as Secretary of State for the Southern Department. In 1789 the Bath title held by his ancestors was revived when he was created Marquess of Bath. His son, the second Marquess, sat as Tory Member of Parliament for Weobley and Bath and served as Lord-Lieutenant of Somerset. His eldest son Thomas Thynne, Viscount Weymouth, represented Weobly in Parliament but predeceased his father by two months. Lord Bath was therefore succeeded by his second son, the third Marquess, who died three months later.

Peerages in the United Kingdom

of a duke, a marquess, or an earl generally uses his father's highest lesser peerage dignity as his own. Hence, the Duke of Devonshire's son is called Marquess of Hartington. Such an heir apparent is called a "courtesy peer", but is a commoner until such time as he inherits (unless summoned by a writ in acceleration). Younger sons of dukes and marquesses prefix "Lord" to their first names as courtesy titles while daughters of dukes, marquesses and earls use "Lady". Younger sons of earls and children of viscounts, barons and lords of Parliament use "The Honourable". Peers are entitled to

Marquess of Bath

He was a Captain in the Royal Navy and also sat as Member of Parliament for Weobly. His son, the fourth Marquess, succeeded at age six; he was Chairman of the Wiltshire County Council and Lord-Lieutenant of Wiltshire. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the fifth Marquess. He was a Conservative politician and served briefly as Under-Secretary of State for India in 1895. His second but eldest surviving son, the sixth Marquess, represented Frome in the House of Commons as a Conservative. The titles are currently held by the latter's second but eldest surviving son, the seventh Marquess, who

Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom

the Heir Apparent of a Laird (Lord) and is placed at the end of his or her name (example - Mr John Smith of Edinburgh, Younger). The wife of a Younger may herself place the title at the end of her name. The holder is addressed as the younger (example - The Younger of Edinburgh). The courtesy prefix of "Maid" is granted to the eldest daughter of a Laird (Lord). If the eldest daughter is also the heir presumptive she may either hold the title "Younger" or the title "Maid". The title is customary and not automatically given. The title

Charles Granville, 2nd Earl of Bath

Charles Granville, 2nd Earl of Bath Charles Granville, 2nd Earl of Bath (bapt. 31 August 1661 – 4 September 1701) was an English soldier, politician, diplomat, courtier and peer. Born with the courtesy title of Lord Lansdown (after the territorial designation of his father's viscountcy of Granville) in 1661, he was the eldest son of John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath and his wife, the former Jane Wyche. On 22 May 1678, he married Lady Martha Osborne, the fourth daughter of Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds. On 19 November 1680, Granville was elected as Member of Parliament for Launceston

Subsidiary title

case, "Duke of Norfolk" – while all of his other titles would be subsidiary titles. In the United Kingdom, a peer's heir apparent may use his parent's most senior subsidiary title as a courtesy title, provided that it causes no confusion. For example, the Duke of Norfolk's heir apparent is known as Earl of Arundel (without 'the'), although the son does not technically become the Earl of Arundel until his father's death, and he remains legally a commoner until then. If a subsidiary peerage has the same name as a higher peerage, it is not used as a courtesy title.

Manor of Bideford

George became heir male of the family on the extinction of the senior male line in 1711, following the death of William Granville, 3rd Earl of Bath (1692–1711), and due to this in 1712 was raised to the peerage as "Baron Lansdown of Bideford". John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath (1628–1701) (son and heir). He was a major figure in effecting, in a subsidiary role to his cousin George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, the Restoration of the Monarchy to King Charles II in 1660, for which service he was elevated to the peerage. He left two sons and three

Marquesses in the United Kingdom

all peers, including peers by courtesy. For example, The Marquess of Salisbury would sign his name merely "Salisbury". A marquess by courtesy, however (who would always be the heir to a dukedom, since the courtesy title of an heir must always be at least one rank below that of the peer), does not enjoy the style of "Most Honourable", but is merely Marquess of [X], without the definite article. The genuine marquess as a peer, however, is always "The Most Honourable The Marquess of [X]", to differentiate a marquess by courtesy ("i.e.", the heir to a dukedom) from a marquess


Question: Who was elected Prime Minister of India in 2014?

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2014 Indian general election

Security Bill and passing Land Acquisition Bill. Incumbent Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said that he would not return to his role should the INC get a majority or plurality. Rahul Gandhi told "Dainik Bhaskar" that he was "ready to take charge" of any responsibility the party gave him and he added that: "My focus for India is a long term vision, where all Indians are treated with equality, respect and are given equal opportunities." At the party meeting it was decided not to name a prime ministerial candidate amid fears it would turn the election into a presidential one. This

Manmohan Singh

prime minister at the end of his term on 17 May 2014. He served as the acting prime minister till 25 May 2014, when Narendra Modi was sworn in as the new prime minister. In 2016 it was announced that Singh was to take up a position at Panjab University as the Jawaharlal Nehru Chair. Singh will not be conducting research but instead interacting with students and departments to inspire them. "The Independent" described Singh as "one of the world's most revered leaders" and "a man of uncommon decency and grace," noting that he drives a Maruti 800, one of

Anerood Jugnauth

and served as such from 2003 to 2012. Following his party's victory in the 2014 general elections, he was appointed again to serve his sixth term as Prime Minister by President Kailash Purryag on 14 December 2014. He served four consecutive terms as Prime Minister from 1982 to 1995 and was then voted out of office from 1995 to 2000. He is the longest serving prime minister with more than 16 years of tenure thus overtaking Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, who held the office for 14 years. As leader of the Militant Socialist Movement, he became Prime Minister again, for a fifth

Sushma Swaraj

on 21 December 2009 and retained this position till May 2014 when in Indian general election, 2014 her party got a major victory. Swaraj has been serving as the Indian Minister of External Affairs under Prime Minister Narendra Modi since May 2014, responsible for implementing the foreign policy of Narendra Modi. She is only the second woman to hold this position after Indira Gandhi. In 1977, she became the youngest ever Cabinet Minister in the country at 25 years of age. In 1979, she became State President of Janata Party, Haryana State at the young age of 27. Sushma Swaraj

Narendra Modi

of Pennsylvania cancelled a keynote video-conference speech by Modi following protests by Indian-Americans. After his election as prime minister, Modi resigned as the chief minister and as an MLA from Maninagar on 21 May 2014. Anandiben Patel succeeded him as the chief minister. In September 2013 Modi was named the BJP's candidate for prime minister in the 2014 Lok Sabha election. Several BJP leaders expressed opposition to Modi's candidature, including BJP founding member L. K. Advani, who cited concern with leaders who were "concerned with their personal agendas". Modi played a dominant role in the BJP's election campaign. Several people

List of prime ministers of India

2014 Indian general election

2014 Indian general election

General elections were held in India in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May 2014 to elect the members of the 16th Lok Sabha. With 834 million registered voters, they were the largest-ever elections in the world until being surpassed by the 2019 elections. Around 23.1 million or 2.7% of the total eligible voters were aged 18–19 years. A total of 8,251 candidates contested the 543 elected Lok Sabha seats. The average election turnout over all nine phases was around 66.40%, the highest ever in the history of Indian general elections.<ref name="Indiatoday"/>

The results were declared on 16 May, 15 days before the 15th Lok Sabha completed its constitutional mandate on 31 May 2014. The counting exercise was held at 989 counting centres. However, the governing coalition had the largest majority since the 1984 elections, and it was the first time since 1984 that a party had won enough seats to govern without the support of other parties.

In contrast, the result was the worst-ever performance by the Indian National Congress (INC), which had ruled India for most of its post-independence history. The INC received 19.3% of the vote and won only 44 seats, with its wider alliance, the United Progressive Alliance, winning a total of just 59. In order to become the official opposition party in India, a party must have 55 seats; as a result, there was no official opposition party.

Prime Minister of India

Prime Minister of India

The prime minister of India (IAST: ) is the head of government of the Republic of India. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and their chosen Council of Ministers, despite the president of India being the nominal head of the executive. The prime minister is often the leader of the party or the coalition with a majority in the lower house of the Parliament of India, the Lok Sabha, which is the main legislative body in the Republic of India. The prime minister and their cabinet are at all times responsible to the Lok Sabha.

The prime minister is appointed by the president of India; however the prime minister has to enjoy the confidence of the majority of Lok Sabha members, who are directly elected every five years, lest the prime minister shall resign. The prime minister can be a member of the Lok Sabha or of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the parliament. The prime minister controls the selection and dismissal of members of the Union Council of Ministers; and allocation of posts to members within the government.

The longest-serving prime minister was Jawaharlal Nehru, also the first prime minister, whose tenure lasted 16 years and 286 days. His premiership was followed by Lal Bahadur Shastri's short tenure and Indira Gandhi's 11- and 4-year-long tenures, both politicians belonging to the Indian National Congress. After Indira Gandhi's assassination, her son Rajiv Gandhi took charge until 1989, when a decade with six unstable governments began. This was followed by the full terms of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Manmohan Singh, and Narendra Modi. Modi is the 14th and current prime minister of India, serving since 26 May 2014.

Narendra Modi

Manmohan Singh

2014 Indian general election

with the dynastic INC leader, Sonia Gandhi, for influence within his own cabinet. Singh's office retorted in saying it is "smacks of fiction and coloured views of a former adviser." After Baru said "it is no secret that Sonia Gandhi was the super prime minister," Priyanka Vadra replied "I think Manmohan Singh ji is the super PM." Minister for New and Renewable Energy and National Conference chairman Farooq Abdullah, controversially, told a rally in Srinagar that in regards to Modi becoming prime minister "if it happens then Kashmir will not remain a part of India. I say it publicly. Kashmiris

Manmohan Singh

for the Prime Ministership. Despite the fact that Singh had never won a Lok Sabha seat, according to the BBC, he "has enjoyed massive popular support, not least because he was seen by many as a clean politician untouched by the taint of corruption that has run through many Indian administrations." He took the oath as the Prime Minister of India on 22 May 2004. In 1991, Singh as Finance Minister, freed India from the Licence Raj, source of slow economic growth and corruption in the Indian economy for decades. He liberalised the Indian economy, allowing it to speed up

Premiership of Narendra Modi

Premiership of Narendra Modi Narendra Modi was sworn in as the Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014 at the Rashtrapati Bhavan. He became the first Prime Minister born after India's independence from the British rule. His first cabinet consisted of 45 ministers, 25 fewer than the previous UPA government. 21 new ministers were added to the council of ministers in November 2014. His current cabinet has a strength of 78 ministers, which is one of the largest cabinets in recent years. The economic policies of Modi's government focused on privatisation and liberalisation of the economy, based on a

2014 Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for Indian general election

urging of RSS chief Mohan Bhagwat. On 19 July 2013, a 12-member committee, headed by Modi and under the guidance of former prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Rajnath Singh and Advani was appointed at the Goa conclave which included Murli Manohar Joshi, M. Venkaiah Naidu, Nitin Gadkari, Sushma Swaraj, Arun Jaitley, Anant Kumar, Thavarchand Gehlot, Ramlal, Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan, Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Raman Singh and Goa Chief Minister Manohar Parrikar. Further sub-committees were made headed by senior party leaders. In September 2013, BJP announced Modi as their prime ministerial candidate for the 2014 Lok Sabha polls.

Prime Minister of India

1984 to get a majority in the Lok Sabha. Narendra Modi—the Chief Minister of Gujarat—was elected prime minister, becoming the first prime minister to have been born in an independent India. The Constitution envisions a scheme of affairs in which the President of India is the head of state; in terms of Article 53 with office of the prime minister being the head of Council of Ministers to assist and advise the president in the discharge of his/her constitutional functions. To quote, Article 53, and 75 provide as under; Like most parliamentary democracies, the president's duties are mostly ceremonial as

Prime Minister of India

Civil Nuclear Agreement near the end of Singh's first term. At the same time, the November 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks also happened during Singh's first term in office. In the general election of 2009, the mandate of UPA increased. Prime Minister Singh's second term, however, was surrounded by accusations of high-level scandals and corruption. Singh resigned as prime minister on 17 May 2014, after Congress' defeat in the 2014 general election. In the general election of 2014, the BJP-led NDA got an absolute majority, winning 336 out of 543 Lok Sabha seats; the BJP itself became the first party since

Sushilkumar Shinde

Sabha for second time from Maharashtra on 20 March 2006. Shinde became the Leader of Lok Sabha after his predecessor Pranab Mukherjee was elected President of India. Shinde served as Power minister of India from 2006–2012. Later, he was appointed Home Minister of India in 2012. In 2014 Lok Sabha elections, Shinde was the Congress party nominee. He was defeated by BJP Candidate Mr. Sharad Bansode. Telangana 2014 He was one of the key figures in division of Andhra Pradesh. Being Union Home Minister, he favoured the division and the formation of Telangana, amidst lot of controversy. Some of his

Premiership of Narendra Modi

are being equipped with Wi-Fi technology. In the 2017 Union Budget of India, POS machines, scanners, fingerprint readers, iris scanners and micro ATMs were exempted from all kinds of custom duties. The internet penetration in India rose from 20 percent in 2014 to 28.7 percent in 2016. "Unnat Bharat Abhiyan" involve engaging with neighbouring communities and using technologies for their upliftment. Premiership of Narendra Modi Narendra Modi was sworn in as the Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014 at the Rashtrapati Bhavan. He became the first Prime Minister born after India's independence from the British rule. His first

India–United States relations

case, undertaken without authorization from the Ministry of External Affairs. Narendra Modi, the Chief Minister of Gujarat between 2001 and 2014, became the Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014 after the Bharatiya Janata Party decisively won the 2014 Indian General Elections. The US Government completely failed to anticipate the political rise of Narendra Modi to the office of Prime Minister of India. Sectarian violence during the 2002 Gujarat riots damaged relations between the US Government and Narendra Modi, the then incumbent Chief Minister of Gujarat. Human rights activists accused Modi of fostering anti-Muslim violence. New-York based NGO Human

Prime Minister of India

National Highways Development Project (NHDP) and the "Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana" (PMGSY; IAST: ; Prime Minister Rural Road Scheme), for the development of roads. But during his reign, the 2002 Gujarat communal riots in the state of Gujarat took place; resulting in the death of about 2,000 deaths. Prime Minister Vajpayee's tenure as prime minister came to an end in May 2004, making him the first non-Congress PM to complete a full five-year tenure. In the 2004 election, the Congress emerged as the largest party in a hung parliament; Congress-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA)—with outside support from the Left

2009 Indian general election

days of phase five, on 16 May 2009, following the first past the post system. The United Progressive Alliance (UPA) led by the Indian National Congress formed the government after obtaining the majority of seats based on strong results in Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. Manmohan Singh became the first prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru in 1962 to be re-elected after completing a full five-year term. The UPA was able to put together a comfortable majority with support from 322 members out of 543 members of the House. Though this is less than

Atal Bihari Vajpayee

543 seats in the Lok Sabha, in the aftermath of the Kargil operations, thereby securing a comfortable and stable majority. On 13 October 1999, Vajpayee took oath as Prime Minister of India for the third time. A national crisis emerged in December 1999, when Indian Airlines flight IC 814 from Kathmandu to New Delhi was hijacked by five terrorists and flown to Taliban-ruled Afghanistan. The hijackers made several demands including the release of certain terrorists like Masood Azhar from prison. Under extreme pressure, the government ultimately caved in. Jaswant Singh, the Minister of External Affairs at the time, flew with

Gopalbad

defeated by sitting MLA RP Sharma in 2000. In that election one unique thing happen. Manikant Brahmachari, see his kundali and found that he have rajyoga and to achieve rajyoga he should be Prime-minister of India, so he contested MLA election. As we know to become Prime-minister you should be member of Parliament not MLA. Dr Ashok Kumar Sinha requested him that Samta Party given ticket to him so donot contest election. But Manikant Brahmachari(Lalbaba) refuses and contested election in 2000 and get only 61 vote. Although his obedient chela martket his more than 6 month and there is no

Swearing-in ceremony of Narendra Modi

the elections. Similar festivities were also seen amongst the Indians settled in Australia and Canada. Swearing-in ceremony of Narendra Modi Narendra Modi, parliamentary leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party started his tenure after his swearing-in as the 15th Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014. 45 other ministers were also sworn in along with Modi. The ceremony was noted by media for being the first ever swearing-in of an Indian Prime Minister to have been attended by the heads of all SAARC countries. The Prime Minister of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif and President of Sri Lanka Mahinda Rajapaksa faced opposition

Narendra Modi

26 May 2014 at the Rashtrapati Bhavan. He became the first Prime Minister born after India's independence from the British Empire. His first cabinet consisted of 45 ministers, 25 fewer than the previous United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government. 21 new ministers were added to the council of ministers in November 2014. During his premiership, India rose to the 77th rank from 142th in the 2018 Ease of Doing Business ranking by World Bank. The economic policies of Modi's government focused on privatisation and liberalisation of the economy, based on a neoliberal framework. Modi liberalised India's foreign direct investment policies, allowing


Question: By which name meaning 'little bird' is the artist born Paolo di Dono at Pratovecchio in 1397 known by modern art-lovers?

Ucello
paolo uccello
Paolo Uccello
paolo di dono
Paolo Di Dono
Uccello
ucello
Antonia Uccello
antonia uccello
Paolo Ucello
paolo ucello
uccello

Paolo Uccello

written 75 years after Paolo’s death, and a few contemporary official documents. Due to the lack of sources, even his date of birth is questionable. It is believed that Uccello was born in Pratovecchio in 1397, and his tax declarations for some years indicate that he was born in 1397, but in 1446 he claimed to be born in 1396. His father, Dono di Paolo, was a barber-surgeon from Pratovecchio near Arezzo; his mother, Antonia, was a high-born Florentine. His nickname "Uccello" came from his fondness for painting birds. From 1412 until 1416 he was apprenticed to the famous sculptor

Ninetto Davoli

Ninetto Davoli Giovanni "Ninetto" Davoli (born 11 October 1948) is an Italian actor who became known through his roles in several of Pier Paolo Pasolini's films. Davoli was born in San Pietro a Maida, Calabria. He was discovered by poet, novelist and film director Pier Paolo Pasolini, who had begun a relationship with Davoli, then a 15-year-old boy, in 1963. Pasolini considered him to be "the great love of his life", and he later cast him in his 1966 film "Uccellacci e uccellini" (literally "Bad Birds and Little Birds" but translated in English as "The Hawks and the Sparrows"), co-starred

Giovanni Battista Palumba

as possible surnames". In the 19th century an artist from Modena called Giovanni Battista del Porto was believed by many to be Master I.B. with a Bird. In the 1930s James Byam Shaw, who published on the prints, thought he might be Jacopo Ripanda, known as a painter and designer of antiquarian prints from Bologna, who mixed in the Roman humanist milieu that the prints reflect; "ripanda" is an Italian term for a water-bird. The question was settled in 1936 when Augusto Campana published a gloss in a manuscript of poetry by Evangelista Maddeleni dei Cappodiferro in the Vatican Library

Paolo Uccello

animals, especially birds, at home. This love for birds is what led to his nickname, Paolo Uccelli (Paul of the birds). By 1424, Paolo was earning his own living as a painter. In that year, he proved his artistic maturity by painting episodes of the "Creation and Expulsion," which are now badly damaged, for the Green Cloister ("Chiostro Verde") of Santa Maria Novella in Florence. Again, this assignment allowed him to paint a large number of animals in a lively manner. He also succeeded in painting trees in their natural colours. This was a skill that was difficult for many

Tommaso Salvadori

also commonly known as Salvadori's monitor, the Papua monitor, or the artelia. Many other species of birds are named after him, for example, Salvadori's fig parrot "Psittaculirostris salvadorii", Yellow-capped pygmy parrot ("Micropsitta keiensis"), Salvadori nightjar ("Caprimulgus pulchellus"), Salvadori's antwren ("Myrmotherula minor"), Salvadori's eremomela ("Eremomela salvadorii"), Salvadori's seedeater ("Serinus xantholaemus"), Salvadori's teal ("Salvadorina waigiuensis") and others. He published as many as 300 papers in ornithology. partial list Tommaso Salvadori Count Adelardo Tommaso Salvadori Paleotti (30 September 1835 – 9 October 1923) was an Italian zoologist and ornithologist. Salvadori was born in Porto San Giorgio, son of Count Luigi Salvadori and Ethel

Giovanni Battista Palumba

illustrations from both before and after the 1500s, though all of these are rejected by some, and he is generally accepted as the author of a drawing in the British Museum related to his print of "Leda and the Swan, with their Children". Master I.B. with a Bird had long been known, and is catalogued by Bartsch. In the 18th century the famous print collector Pierre-Jean Mariette had already proposed that the monogram hid a name with an avian meaning such as "Joannes Baptista Palumbus", and in 1923 Arthur Mayger Hind speculated: "One thinks of Passeri [sparrow] or Uccello [bird]

Giovanni Battista Palumba

Giovanni Battista Palumba Giovanni Battista Palumba, also known as the Master I.B. with a Bird (or the Bird etc.), was an Italian printmaker active in the early 16th century, making both engravings and woodcuts; he is generally attributed with respectively 14 and 11 of these. He appears to have come from northern Italy, but later worked in Rome. He specialized in subjects from classical mythology, as well as the inevitable religious subjects. Despite his relatively small output, he was a sophisticated artist, whose style shows a number of influences and changes, reflecting awareness of the currents in artistic style at

Antonia di Paolo di Dono

woman artist. Life Antonia was born to Paolo di Dono and his wife Tomasa di Benedetto dei Malifici on Via della Scala in Florence. She was baptized in the Florence Baptistery on October 13, 1456., Her grandfather, a barber-surgeon, had immigrated from Pratovecchio and was of middle social status whereas her grandmother belonged to the old Florentine del Beccuto family. As was customary Antonia was named for her grandmother. Her brother Donato was also an artist and both of them continued in the family tradition. Around the age of 10-13 (1466-1469) she probably left home to join a Carmelite religious

Giovanni Battista Palumba

the start of the High Renaissance. The signed prints are usually dated to around 1500–1511. His earlier name comes from the monogram with which most of his prints are signed, the initials "IB" followed by a small image of a pigeon-like bird. The Italian word "palumbo" means 'pigeon' (the Latin name of the common wood pigeon is "Columba palumbus"), and in Latin the initial for "Giovanni" ('John' in English) is "I", for "Iohannes". He is not to be confused with the Master I.B., a German printmaker active in Nuremberg c. 1523–1530. He is also attributed with various woodcuts for book

Paolo Uccello

Paolo Uccello Paolo Uccello (; 1397 – 10 December 1475), born Paolo di Dono, was an Italian painter and mathematician who was notable for his pioneering work on visual perspective in art. In his book "Lives of the Artists" Giorgio Vasari wrote that Uccello was obsessed by his interest in perspective and would stay up all night in his study trying to grasp the exact vanishing point. While his contemporaries used perspective to narrate different or succeeding stories, Uccello used perspective to create a feeling of depth in his paintings. His best known works are the three paintings representing the

Pinturicchio

Pinturicchio Pintoricchio or Pinturicchio () whose formal name was Bernardino di Betto, also known as Benetto di Biagio or Sordicchio, was an Italian painter of the Renaissance. Born in Perugia in 1454 and dying in Siena in 1513, Pintoricchio acquired his nickname, meaning ("little painter"), because of his small stature. He also used it to sign some of his 15th and 16th century artworks. Pinturicchio was born the son of Benedetto or Betto di Blagio, in Perugia. In his career, he may have trained under lesser known Perugian painters such as Bonfigli and Fiorenzo di Lorenzo. According to Vasari, Pinturicchio

Antonio del Pollaiolo

Antonio del Pollaiolo Antonio del Pollaiuolo (17 January 1429/14334 February 1498), also known as Antonio di Jacopo Pollaiuolo or Antonio Pollaiuolo, was an Italian painter, sculptor, engraver and goldsmith during the Italian Renaissance. He was born in Florence. His brother, Piero, was also an artist, and the two frequently worked together. Their work shows both classical influences and an interest in human anatomy; reportedly, the brothers carried out dissections to improve their knowledge of the subject. They took their nickname from the trade of their father, who in fact sold poultry ("pollaio" meaning "hen coop" in Italian). Antonio's first studies

Melchior d'Hondecoeter

Melchior d'Hondecoeter Melchior d'Hondecoeter (; 1636 – 3 April 1695), Dutch animalier painter, was born in Utrecht and died in Amsterdam. After the start of his career, he painted virtually exclusively bird subjects, usually exotic or game, in park-like landscapes. Hondecoeter’s paintings featured geese (brent goose, Egyptian goose and red-breasted goose), fieldfares, partridges, pigeons, ducks, northern cardinal, magpies and peacocks, but also African grey crowned cranes, Asian sarus cranes, Indonesian yellow-crested cockatoos, an Indonesian purple-naped lory and grey-headed lovebirds from Madagascar. Being the grandson of the painter Gillis d'Hondecoeter and the son of Gijsbert d'Hondecoeter, whose sister Josina married Jan

Antonio Valli da Todi

which plagiarised considerable portions of the book and became more popular than the Valli's work. Valli's book included illustrations by Antonio Tempesta (1555 -1630), a Florentine artist. Among the achievements of Valli was the recognition and understanding of bird song and the maintenance of territory. He noted that the territory of a singing nightingale was “un tiro di sasso lontano dove canta” - about a circle as wide as a long throw of a stone. Antonio Valli da Todi Antonio Valli da Todi (fl. 1600) was an Italian fowler and writer noted for the book "Il Canto degl'Augelli" [Italian: The

Pinturicchio

of Art, the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana (Milan), Princeton University Art Museum, Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, the Vatican Museums and the Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest) are among the public collections holding works by Pinturicchio. Pinturicchio Pintoricchio or Pinturicchio () whose formal name was Bernardino di Betto, also known as Benetto di Biagio or Sordicchio, was an Italian painter of the Renaissance. Born in Perugia in 1454 and dying in Siena in 1513, Pintoricchio acquired his nickname, meaning ("little painter"), because of his small stature. He also used it to sign some of his 15th and 16th century artworks. Pinturicchio was

Melchior d'Hondecoeter

his works were shown at the Neue Nationalgalerie as part of Willem de Rooij's installation 'Intolerance'. Utah Museum of Fine Arts Melchior d'Hondecoeter Melchior d'Hondecoeter (; 1636 – 3 April 1695), Dutch animalier painter, was born in Utrecht and died in Amsterdam. After the start of his career, he painted virtually exclusively bird subjects, usually exotic or game, in park-like landscapes. Hondecoeter’s paintings featured geese (brent goose, Egyptian goose and red-breasted goose), fieldfares, partridges, pigeons, ducks, northern cardinal, magpies and peacocks, but also African grey crowned cranes, Asian sarus cranes, Indonesian yellow-crested cockatoos, an Indonesian purple-naped lory and grey-headed lovebirds

Paolo Savi

became commonly known as Savi's warbler. Savi was buried in Pisa cemetery and his statue now stands in the Orto botanico di Pisa. Paolo Savi Paolo Savi (11 July 1798 – 5 April 1871), was an Italian geologist and ornithologist. Savi was born in Pisa, the son of Gaetano Savi, professor of botany at the University of Pisa. The younger Savi became assistant-lecturer on zoology at the university in 1820, was appointed professor in 1823, and lectured also on geology. He devoted great attention to the museum of the university, the Natural History Museum of the University of Pisa, and

Antonia di Paolo di Dono

Antonia di Paolo di Dono Antonia di Paolo di Dono Antonia di Paolo di Dono (1456–1491) was the daughter of Paolo di Dono, nicknamed Uccello, a well-known early Renaissance Florentine painter. In Giorgio Vasari's biography of Uccello, he states that he had "a daughter who knew how to draw." His daughter Antonia was recorded in the Libro dei Morti (Book of the Dead) of the painter's guild, Arte dei Medici e Speziali, as a "pittoressa." This is the first time the female form of the word "painter" appears in Florentine public records and the first formal recognition of a fifteenth-century

Niccolò Tribolo

bronze birds from whose beaks water once spurted, sculpted by Giambologna and Ammanati (now in the Bargello). In 1581 Montaigne was so impressed with the copious "giochi d'aqua" at Castello that he included a description of the gardens in his travel journal. A symposium on the occasion of Tribolo's cinquecentennial in 2000 was held at Poggio a Caiano, with contributions by several art historians . The Bizzaria of Florence was rediscovered at the "Villa Castello". Niccolò Tribolo Niccolò di Raffaello di Niccolò dei Pericoli, called "Il Tribolo" (1500–7 September 1550) was an Italian Mannerist artist in the service of Cosimo

Komuro Suiun

"Free as a Bird" ("Enpi gyoyaku"), which depicted a kite, a bird with an institutionalized military association through the decoration Order of the Golden Kite (Kinshi kunshō), established in 1890. Special collection of materials from Komuro Suiun's library at Tokyo Metropolitan Library: http://www.library.metro.tokyo.jp/edo_tokyo/tokubun_guide/kaiage/tabid/998/Default.aspx Komuro Suiun Komuro Suiun (, August 31, 1874 – March 30, 1945) is the pseudonym of a Japanese "nihonga" painter who worked mainly in the "nanga" style, active from the Meiji period (1868–1912) to the Shōwa period (1926–1989). Suiun was born in the town of Yagoechō, present-day Tatebayashi, in Gunma prefecture. His birth name was Komuro Teijirō


Question: Which fruit is also known as the alligator pear?

avocado pear
butter fruit
avocados
Persea americana
persea americana
advocado
Butter fruit
Avocado criollo
avacada
Avacada
avocado cultivation in california
Persea gratissima
avocado criollo
Avocado Cultivation in California
Avokado
persea gratissima
alligator pear
Alligator pear
Fuerte avocado
fuerte avocado
Avocardo
avocardo
avocodo
avacado
avokado
Avacado
Alligator Pear
Advocado
Avocados
avacado pit
Avacado pit
Avocodo
avocado
Avocado
Avocado pear

Annona glabra

Annona glabra Annona glabra is a tropical fruit tree in the family Annonaceae, in the same genus as the Soursop and Cherimoya. Common names include pond apple, alligator apple (so called because American alligators often eat the fruit), swamp apple, corkwood, bobwood, and monkey apple. The tree is native to Florida in the United States, the Caribbean, Central and South America, and West Africa. It is common in the Everglades. The "A. glabra" tree is considered an invasive species in Sri Lanka and Australia. It grows in swamps, is tolerant of saltwater, and cannot grow in dry soil. The trees

Avocado

other Central American and Caribbean Spanish-speaking countries, it is known by the Mexican name, while South American Spanish-speaking countries use a Quechua-derived word, "palta". In Portuguese, it is "abacate". The fruit is sometimes called an avocado pear or alligator pear (due to its shape and the rough green skin of some cultivars). The Nahuatl "ahuacatl" can be compounded with other words, as in "ahuacamolli", meaning avocado soup or sauce, from which the Spanish word "guacamole" derives. In the United Kingdom, the term "avocado pear" is still sometimes misused as applied when avocados first became commonly available in the 1960s. Originating

Avocado

Avocado The avocado ("Persea americana") is a tree, long thought to have originated in South Central Mexico, classified as a member of the flowering plant family Lauraceae. The fruit of the plant, also called an avocado (or avocado pear or alligator pear), is botanically a large berry containing a single large seed. Avocados are commercially valuable and are cultivated in tropical and Mediterranean climates throughout the world. They have a green-skinned, fleshy body that may be pear-shaped, egg-shaped, or spherical. Commercially, they ripen after harvesting. Avocado trees are partially self-pollinating and are often propagated through grafting to maintain a predictable

Avocado

as a diminutive in Australian English, a clipped form, "avo", has since become a common colloquialism in South Africa and the United Kingdom. It is known as "butter fruit" in parts of India and goes by the name "bơ" [ɓɘː] in Vietnamese, which is the same word that is used for butter. In eastern China, it is known as "è lí" ("alligator pear") or "niú yóu guǒ" ("butter fruit"). In Taiwan, it is known as "luò lí" or "cheese pear". The subtropical species needs a climate without frost and with little wind. High winds reduce the humidity, dehydrate the flowers,

Grias cauliflora

Grias cauliflora Grias cauliflora, the anchovy pear, (also called the river pear) is a fruit native to Jamaica, Central America, and Colombia. It is often found near rivers or marshes in large colonies. It grows on the evergreen tree "Grias cauliflora" of the Lecythidaceae (Brazil nut) family. The edible nuts grow clumped together in large, round, woody and extremely hard seed pods the size of a large grapefruit. The meat of the seed (the "nut") is very rich in oil and grows from 7 to 9 cm long and 2 to 4 cm in diameter. The tree has fragrant yellow

Avocado

Avocado

The avocado ("Persea americana") is a medium-sized, evergreen tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae). It is native to the Americas and was first domesticated by Mesoamerican tribes more than 5,000 years ago. Then as now it was prized for its large and unusually oily fruit. The tree likely originated in the highlands bridging south-central Mexico and Guatemala. Its fruit, sometimes also referred to as an alligator or avocado pear, is botanically a large berry containing a single large seed. Avocado trees are partially self-pollinating, and are often propagated through grafting to maintain consistent fruit output. Avocados are presently cultivated in the tropical and Mediterranean climates of many countries.<ref name="morton" /> Mexico is the world's leading producer of avocados as of 2020, supplying nearly 30% of the global harvest in that year.<ref name="faostat" />

The fruit of domestic varieties have smooth, buttery, golden-green flesh when ripe. Depending on the cultivar, avocados have green, brown, purplish, or black skin, and may be pear-shaped, egg-shaped, or spherical. For commercial purposes the fruits are picked while immature and ripened after harvesting. The nutrient density and extremely high fat content of avocado flesh are useful to a variety of cuisines and are often eaten to enrich vegetarian diets.

In major production regions like Chile, Mexico and California the water demands of avocado farms place strain on local sources. Global warming is expected to result in significant changes to the suitable growing zones for avocados, and place additional pressures on the locales in which they are produced due to heat waves and drought.

Cookbook:Avocado - Wikibooks, open books for an open world

Chayote

Chayote

Chayote It is one of several foods introduced to the Old World during the Columbian Exchange. At that time, the plant spread to other parts of the Americas, ultimately causing it to be integrated into the cuisine of many Latin American nations.

The chayote fruit is mostly used cooked. When cooked, chayote is usually handled like summer squash; it is generally lightly cooked to retain the crispy consistency. Raw chayote may be added to salads or salsas, most often marinated with lemon or lime juice, but is often regarded as unpalatable and tough in texture. Whether raw or cooked, chayote is a good source of vitamin C.

Although most people are familiar only with the fruit as being edible, the root, stem, seeds and leaves are edible as well. The tubers of the plant are eaten like potatoes and other root vegetables, while the shoots and leaves are often consumed in salads and stir fries, especially in Asia.

Annona glabra

Annona glabra

Annona glabra is a tropical fruit tree in the family Annonaceae, in the same genus as the soursop and cherimoya. Common names include pond apple, alligator apple (so called because American alligators often eat the fruit), swamp apple, corkwood, bobwood, and monkey apple. The tree is native to Florida in the United States, the Caribbean, Central and South America, and West Africa. It is common in the Everglades. The "A. glabra" tree is considered an invasive species in Sri Lanka and Australia. It grows in swamps, is tolerant of saltwater, and cannot grow in dry soil.

Guacamole

Guacamole

Guacamole (; (informally shortened to "guac" in the United States since the 1980s) is an avocado-based dip, spread, or salad first developed in Mexico. In addition to its use in modern Mexican cuisine, it has become part of international cuisine as a dip, condiment and salad ingredient.

Annona glabra

to November, which is the dry season. There are currently no studies that have looked at the biological control of "A. glabra" within Australia. Without studies, any actions taken to eliminate the "A. glabra" with biological controls could inadvertently affect native Australian apple species that belong to the same family. Annona glabra Annona glabra is a tropical fruit tree in the family Annonaceae, in the same genus as the Soursop and Cherimoya. Common names include pond apple, alligator apple (so called because American alligators often eat the fruit), swamp apple, corkwood, bobwood, and monkey apple. The tree is native to

Grias cauliflora

flowers about 5 cm across and grows to a height of about 15 m (50 feet). The anchovy pear tree bears spear-shaped, glossy leaves produced in palm-like tufts that reach an average length of 90 cm. The edible, brown, berrylike fruits for which it is cultivated for pickling are not related to the common pear. The fruit has a taste similar to that of the mango. Grias cauliflora Grias cauliflora, the anchovy pear, (also called the river pear) is a fruit native to Jamaica, Central America, and Colombia. It is often found near rivers or marshes in large colonies. It

Avocado

large enough to effectively disperse avocado seeds in this fashion. Avocado The avocado ("Persea americana") is a tree, long thought to have originated in South Central Mexico, classified as a member of the flowering plant family Lauraceae. The fruit of the plant, also called an avocado (or avocado pear or alligator pear), is botanically a large berry containing a single large seed. Avocados are commercially valuable and are cultivated in tropical and Mediterranean climates throughout the world. They have a green-skinned, fleshy body that may be pear-shaped, egg-shaped, or spherical. Commercially, they ripen after harvesting. Avocado trees are partially self-pollinating

Avocado

the likeness between the fruit and the body part. The modern English name comes from an English rendering of the Spanish "aguacate" as "avogato". The earliest known written use in English is attested from 1697 as "avogato pear", a term which was later corrupted as "alligator pear". Because the word "avogato" sounded like "advocate", several languages reinterpreted it to have that meaning. French uses "avocat", which also means "lawyer", and "advocate"-forms of the word appear in several Germanic languages, such as the (now obsolete) German "Advogato-Birne", the old Danish "advokat-pære" (today it is called "avocado") and the Dutch "advocaatpeer". In

Julie (mango)

in Miami, Florida, the University of Florida's Tropical Research and Education Center in Homestead, Florida, and the Miami-Dade Fruit and Spice Park, also in Homestead. The fruit is small, averaging less than a pound in weight at maturity. Skin color is green with some crimson blush. The fruit has a somewhat unusual shape that is ovate with a distinctive flattened side. The flesh is juicy and not fibrous, with a deep orange color and a very rich flavor. It contains a monoembryonic seed. In Florida the fruit typical ripen from June to July. The tree is famous for its small

Boston Fruit Company

fruits." In 1888 "a recent Boston paper, referring to new tropical fruits for that market, [said]: 'Two new varieties of tropical fruit will be introduced into this market by the middle of May, by the Boston Fruit Company; namely, mangoes and the avocado pear. The latter, which is ordinary pear shaped, is as large as an English pound pear, and weighs from one to two pounds. When ripe the fruit is generally green, but sometimes it is streaked. After they have been gathered a few days they become soft arid may be eaten with pepper and salt. The avocado tastes

Opuntia aurantiaca

Opuntia aurantiaca Opuntia aurantiaca, commonly known as tiger-pear, jointed cactus or jointed prickly-pear, is a species of cactus from South America. The species occurs naturally in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay and is considered an invasive species in Africa and Australia. It was declared a Weed of National Significance by the Australian Weeds Committee in April 2012, and was reported by the Committee to be the most troublesome of all cactus species in New South Wales and the worst Opuntia species in Queensland. It is currently controlled biologically in Australia using the cochineal insect "Dactylopius austrinus", and to a lesser extent

Pear

Pear The pear () tree and shrub are a species of genus Pyrus , in the family Rosaceae, bearing the pomaceous fruit of the same name. Several species of pear are valued for their edible fruit and juices while others are cultivated as trees. The word "pear" is probably from Germanic "pera" as a loanword of Vulgar Latin "pira", the plural of "pirum", akin to Greek "apios" (from Mycenaean "ápisos"), of Semitic origin ("pirâ"), meaning "fruit". The adjective "pyriform" or "piriform" means pear-shaped. The pear is native to coastal and mildly temperate regions of the Old World, from western Europe

Pyrus pyrifolia

be served to guests, given as gifts, or eaten together in a family setting. In cooking, ground pears are used in vinegar- or soy sauce-based sauces as a sweetener, instead of sugar. They are also used when marinating meat, especially beef. In Korea, the fruit is known as (), and it is grown and consumed in great quantity. In the South Korean city of Naju, there is a museum called The Naju Pear Museum and Pear Orchard for Tourists (). In Australia, these pears were first introduced into commercial production beginning in 1980. In Japan, fruit is harvested in Chiba,

Butia odorata

Netherlands. It is cultivated as a fruit tree in Brazil and Uruguay, and especially the larger-fruited, semi-domesticated, "pulposa"-type plants are reasonably common in local orchards. In the type most often grown in Florida, the USA, the ripe fruit are about the size of large cherry, and yellowish/orange in colour, but can also include a blush towards the tip. The taste is a mixture of pineapple, apricot, and vanilla. Taste can vary depending on soil conditions, and the tastes of apple, pineapple, and banana together is also common. It is tart and sweet at the same time, with a flesh similar

Alice (mango)

is part of the USDA's germplasm collection in Miami, Florida, and an example is also planted at the University of Florida's Tropical Research and Education Center in Homestead, Florida. The fruit is of oval shape, averaging under a pound in weight at maturity. It has smooth skin that turns yellow orange at maturity with some red blush. The apex is rounded and contains no beak. The flesh has a strong aroma, and is fiberless, rich, and sweet. It contains a monoembryonic seed. In Florida the fruit usually ripens from late June to July. The tree is a vigorous grower and

Liquidambar styraciflua

Liquidambar styraciflua American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), also known as American storax, hazel pine, bilsted, redgum, satin-walnut, star-leaved gum, alligatorwood, or simply sweetgum, is a deciduous tree in the genus "Liquidambar" native to warm temperate areas of eastern North America and tropical montane regions of Mexico and Central America. Sweet gum is one of the main valuable forest trees in the southeastern United States, and is a popular ornamental tree in temperate climates. It is recognizable by the combination of its five-pointed star-shaped leaves and its hard, spiked fruits. It is currently classified in the plant family Altingiaceae, but was formerly

Pyrus syriaca

hard, stone like objects found in the skin. The ripe fruit falls to the ground and when it starts to rot, the smell attracts wild boars. The boars eat the fruit and distribute the seeds. Pyrus syriaca Pyrus syriaca, the Syrian pear, is a deciduous tree of the Rose family. It is the only pear species which grows in the wild in Lebanon, Turkey, Syria and Israel. The Syrian pear is a protected plant in Israel. It grows in unsalted ground, usually in Mediterranean scrub, in west Syria, in the Galilee and the Golan. In the months of March and

Opuntia aurantiaca

by the larvae of two moths, "Cactoblastis cactorum" and "Tucumania tapiacola". Opuntia aurantiaca Opuntia aurantiaca, commonly known as tiger-pear, jointed cactus or jointed prickly-pear, is a species of cactus from South America. The species occurs naturally in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay and is considered an invasive species in Africa and Australia. It was declared a Weed of National Significance by the Australian Weeds Committee in April 2012, and was reported by the Committee to be the most troublesome of all cactus species in New South Wales and the worst Opuntia species in Queensland. It is currently controlled biologically in Australia

Prunus angustifolia

also sometimes used for bonsai. Prunus angustifolia Prunus angustifolia pronounced (PROO-nus an-gus-tih-FOLE-ee-uh), known commonly as Chickasaw plum, Cherokee plum, Florida sand plum, sandhill plum, or sand plum, is a North American species of plum-bearing tree. It was originally cultivated by Native Americans before the arrival of Europeans While "Prunus" is the classical name for European plums, "angustifolia" refers to its narrow leaves. Chickasaw plum grows feet tall and wide in an irregular shape. It is "twiggy" in nature, and has a scaly, almost black bark. Its branches are reddish with thorn-like, small side branches. In February, March, April and May,


Question: What is the distinguishing feature of an animal described as ‘palmiped’?

web foot
Web foot
palmiped
Totipalmation
Webbed foot
totipalmation
webbed foot
Palmiped
Webbed toes
webbed toes
Webbed feet
webbed feet

Fossa (animal)

cream ventrally. When in rut, they may have an orange coloration to their abdomen from a reddish substance secreted by a chest gland, but this has not been consistently observed by all researchers. The tail tends to be lighter in coloration than the sides. Juveniles are either gray or nearly white. Several of the animal's physical features are adaptions to climbing through trees. It uses its tail to assist balance and has semi-retractable claws that it uses to climb trees in its search for prey. It has semiplantigrade feet, switching between a plantigrade-like gait (when arboreal) and a digitigrade-like one

Fossa (animal)

the deciduous formula being similar but lacking the fourth premolar and the molar. The fossa has a large, prominent rhinarium similar to that of viverrids, but has comparatively larger, round ears, almost as large as those of a similarly sized felid. Its facial vibrissae (whiskers) are long, with the longest being longer than its head. Like some mongoose genera, particularly "Galidia" (which is now in the fossa's own family, Eupleridae) and "Herpestes" (of Herpestidae), it has carpal vibrissae as well. Its claws are retractile, but unlike those of Felidae species, they are not hidden in skin sheaths. It has three

Nail (anatomy)

has keeled nails (the thumb and the first and the second toes have claws) featuring a central ridge that ends in a needle-like tip. In tree shrews, all digits have claws and, unlike most primates, the digits of their feet are positioned close together, and therefore, the thumb cannot be brought into opposition (another usually distinguishing feature of primates). A study of the fingertip morphology of four small-bodied New World monkey species indicated a correlation between increasing small-branch foraging and: This suggests that whereas claws are useful on large-diameter branches, wide fingertips with nails and epidermal ridges were required for

Antetonitrus

features. Unlike most of its smaller and more lightly built ancestors, "Antetonitrus" was primarily quadrupedal. Like sauropods, its forelimbs were much longer relative to its hind legs than earlier animals, while the metatarsus was shortened. However, the first digit of the hand, also called the "thumb" or pollex, was still twisted and flexible, capable of grasping against the hand. In more derived sauropods, the wrist bones are large and thick, arranged in such a way as to lock the hand into a permanently pronated position for full-time weight support, and the hand is incapable of grasping. "Antetonitrus" already shows adaptations

Marginated tortoise

end of the shell has a saw-like formation, flanged outward like a bell. The carapace of an adult specimen is almost completely black, with yellow highlights. The ventral shell is lighter-coloured and has pairs of triangular markings with the points facing the rear of the animal. The front sides of the limbs are covered with large scales. In an old female specimen, the rear flaps of the underside of her plastron is somewhat moveable. The tail is notable for a lengthwise marking and for an undivided carapace over the tail. The male has a longer tail, which is thicker at

Tamworth pig

Tamworth pig

The Tamworth, also known as Sandy Back and Tam, is a breed of domestic pig originating in its namesake Tamworth, Staffordshire, United Kingdom. It is among the oldest of pig breeds, but as with many older breeds of livestock, it is not well suited to modern production methods and is listed as "threatened" in the United States and "vulnerable" in the UK by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust, as fewer than 300 registered breeding females remain. This animal is of ginger to red colouration and is thought to have descended from wild boars, via native pig stock of Europe. Principal populations today are in the United Kingdom, Australia, the United States, New Zealand, and Canada.

Long-range acoustic device

Long-range acoustic device

A long-range acoustic device (LRAD), acoustic hailing device (AHD) or sound cannon is a specialized loudspeaker that produces sound at high power for communicating at a distance. The brand of this sonic weapon has been developed by Genasys. It has been used as a method of crowd control, which has caused permanent hearing damage, having an extremely high decibel capacity (up to 160 dB measured at one meter from the device). Other uses have included for negotiations in siege situations to deal with piracy at sea; for mass notification during natural disasters or other emergencies; and by defense forces, including several navies.

Syndactyly

Syndactyly

Syndactyly is a condition wherein two or more digits are fused together. It occurs normally in some mammals, such as the siamang and diprotodontia, but is an unusual condition in humans. The term is from Greek σύν, "syn" 'together' and δάκτυλος, "daktulos" 'finger'.

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Golden ghost crab

difference is much more pronounced in males. The palm (propodus) of both larger and smaller chelipeds are covered coarsely with large irregularly-arranged tubercles on the outer surface, giving them a rough appearance. The larger claw is longer than it is wide, with its upper and lower edges possessing rows of spine-like tubercles, arranged irregularly on the upper margin and regularly on the lower margin. The inner surface of the palm of the larger claw in both sexes features stridulating (sound-producing) ridges, which is important for identifying different species within the subfamily Ocypodinae. In golden ghost crabs, the stridulating ridge is

Thumb

tail for grabbing objects. In apes and Old World monkeys, the thumb can be rotated around its axis, but the extensive area of contact between the pulps of the thumb and index finger is a human characteristic. "Darwinius masillae", an Eocene primate transitional fossil between prosimian and simian, had hands and feet with highly flexible digits featuring opposable thumbs and halluces. Additionally, in many polydactyl cats, both the innermost and outermost ("pinky") toes may become opposable, allowing the cat to perform more complex tasks. In addition to these, some other dinosaurs may have had partially or completely opposed digits in

Claw

ostriches, emus, ducks, geese and kiwis. The only amphibians to bear claws are the African clawed frogs. Claws appear to have evolved separately in the amphibian and amniote line. The scientifically correct term for the "claw" of an arthropod, such as a lobster or crab, is a chela (plural "chelae"). Legs bearing a chela are called chelipeds. Chelae are also called pincers. Claw A claw is a curved, pointed appendage, found at the end of a toe or finger in most amniotes (mammals, reptiles, birds). Some invertebrates such as beetles and spiders have somewhat similar fine hooked structures at the

Bone-mouth

in length, broad from the eyes but narrowing slightly towards the nose. The shape of the mouth when viewed from top should either be in the shape of a roundish roof tile commonly known as "Roof Tile Mouth" or with a wide jaw in the shape of a toad’s mouth, known as "Toad Mouth". A most distinctive feature of traditional Shar-pei. Top of muzzle is curved like a roof tile. No padded or bulge on top. Snipy muzzle is not a fault as in FCI Standard, only less preferred over broader muzzle. Small, thick, equilaterally triangular in shape, slightly rounded

Southern free-tailed bat

genus, such as "M. petersi". The colouring differs between ventral and dorsal fur; dorsal and head fur are uniform in colour and ranging light brown to grey-brown. Ventral fur is generally lighter with fur ranging from white at the base, light brown in the midsection, and lighter at the ends. Other descriptive features include wrinkled lips, triangular ears, and as the name suggests, a tail that extends largely past the tail membrane. "M. planiceps" can be differentiated from similar species by such physical details as nostril spacing. Its most telling external feature is the phallus. This species possess the largest

Synapsid

skin impressions indicate some possessed rectangular scutes on their undersides and tails. The pelycosaur scutes probably were nonoverlapping dermal structures with a horny overlay, like those found in modern crocodiles and turtles. These differed in structure from the scales of lizards and snakes, which are an epidermal feature (like mammalian hair or avian feathers). Recently, skin impressions from the genus "Ascendonanus" suggest that at least varanopsids developed scales similar to those of squamates. It is currently unknown exactly when mammalian characteristics such as body hair and mammary glands first appeared, as the fossils only rarely provide direct evidence for soft

Terrestrial locomotion

for limbless animals the underside of the body is important. Some animals such as snakes or legless lizards move on their smooth dry underside. Other animals have various features that aid movement. Molluscs such as slugs and snails move on a layer of mucus that is secreted from their underside, reducing friction and protecting from injury when moving over sharp objects. Earthworms have small bristles (setae) that hook into the substrate and help them move. Some animals, such as leeches, have suction cups on either end of the body allowing two anchor movement. Some limbless animals, such as leeches, have

Centipede

elongated mandibles, and two pairs of maxillae. The first pair of maxillae form the lower lip, and bear short palps. The first pair of limbs stretch forward from the body to cover the remainder of the mouth. These limbs, or maxillipeds, end in sharp claws and include venom glands that help the animal to kill or paralyze its prey. Many species of centipedes lack eyes, but some possess a variable number of ocelli, which are sometimes clustered together to form true compound eyes. However, these eyes are only capable of discerning light and dark, and have no true vision. In

Banana pipistrelle

are brown, sometimes with a narrow white border on the hind margin. The ears are triangular with a tragus that has been described as "hatchet-shaped". The thumbs of banana pipistrelles bear an unusual pad composed of ridged hairy skin with multiple sebaceous glands. The surface of the pads overlies a patch of connective tissue and a small piece of cartilage that connects to the end of a muscle. The attachment of this muscle to the pads enables to bat to form them into a cup shape, although it is unclear whether this can form an effective suction cup, rather than

Ocypode

though they are capable of gradually changing body coloration to match their environment and the time of day. The claw-bearing legs (chelipeds) of both sexes are unequal in size, with one much larger than the other. The palm of the claws also possess stridulating (sound-producing) ridges which they use for communication. These ridges are also important morphological characters useful for identifying species. The chelipeds are shorter than the walking legs. The last pair of walking legs (pereiopods) is also usually shorter and thinner than the other pairs of walking legs. A cavity, with edges fringed by long setae are also

Mammal

for insulation, and [[right whale]]s have the thickest blubber at . Although other animals have features such as whiskers, [[feathers]], [[setae]], or [[cilia (entomology)|cilia]] that superficially resemble it, no animals other than mammals have [[hair]]. It is a definitive characteristic of the class. Though some mammals have very little, careful examination reveals the characteristic, often in obscure parts of their bodies. Herbivores have developed a diverse range of physical structures to facilitate the [[Herbivore adaptations to plant defense|consumption of plant material]]. To break up intact plant tissues, mammals have developed [[teeth]] structures that reflect their feeding preferences. For instance, [[frugivore]]s

Peramelemorphia

puzzling and controversial. There are two morphological features in the order that appear to show a clear evolutionary link with another marsupial group: the type of foot, and the teeth. Unfortunately, these clear signposts point in opposite directions. All members of the order are polyprotodont (have several pairs of lower front teeth)—in the case of the Peramelemorphia, three pairs. This suggests that they have evolved within Dasyuromorphia (marsupial carnivores). On the other hand, they also have an unusual feature in their feet: the second and third toes are fused together. This condition is called "syndactyly", and is characteristic of the

Small-toothed palm civet

along the body, plus a tail of 58 cm (23 in). It has short fur that is generally a tawny or buff color while the head is a darker greyish tawny. Its muzzle is brown with a white streak that extends from the nose to the forehead. The back has three distinct black or dark brown stripes running along the length of the body. Only the females have the perineal scent gland, located near the vulva. The diet is varied and omnivorous, and usually consists of insects, small mammals, nesting birds, fruits, frogs and lizards. Matching the habits of other

Hemipenis

penis, which has sperm travel inside the organ through the vas deferens and the urethra. The surface of hemipenes is one of the most interesting and unique features, and is often covered in sharp spines and spicules that are organized in formations called rosettes. However, species with relatively smooth hemipene surfaces also exist. For example, the hemipenis of the Siamese spitting cobra ("Naja siamensis") is smooth with blunt ends, while that of the many-spotted cat-eyed snake ("Boiga multomaculata") is entirely covered in hooked spines and spicules. Yet despite this assortment of hemipenis designs, no association has been found between the

Dilophosaurus

ulna bones of the lower arm to turn the hand). The track showed that the legs were held symmetrically with the body weight distributed between the feet and the metatarsals, which is also a feature seen in birds such as ratites. Milner and colleagues also dismissed the idea that the "Kayentapus minor" track reported by Weems showed a palm imprint made by a quadrupedally walking theropod. Weems had proposed the trackmaker would have been able to move quadrupedally when walking slowly, while the digits would have been habitually hyperextended so only the palms touched the ground. Milner and colleagues found


Question: To within a year either side, in which year was the complete English FA Cup Final first shown live on television?

one thousand nine hundred and thirty eight

one thousand, nine hundred and thirty-eight

FA Cup

FA Cup Final on Radio was in 1926 between Bolton Wanderers and Manchester City but this was only broadcast in Manchester, the first national final on BBC Radio was between Arsenal and Cardiff in 1927. The first final on BBC Television was in 1937 in a match which featured Sunderland and Preston North End but this was not televised in full. The following season's final between Preston and Huddersfield was covered in full by the BBC. When ITV was formed in 1955 they shared final coverage with the BBC in one of the only club matches shown live on television,

2017 FA Cup Final

of the 2002 FA Cup Final and the first final since 2003 in which both sides split the league games against each other during the course of the season, with a 3–0 victory by Arsenal in September 2016, and a 3–1 win by Chelsea in February 2017. The game was broadcast live in the United Kingdom by both BBC and BT Sport. BBC One provided the free-to-air coverage and BT Sport 2 was the pay-TV alternative. In North America, this was the first FA Cup Final to be televised by CTV in Canada and by FOX in the United States.

1960 FA Cup Final

steps to be presented with the trophy by The Duchess of Gloucester, and the Cup was heading back to Molineux for a fourth time. The game was broadcast live on television on the BBC Grandstand programme (12:45pm to 5pm) with commentary by Kenneth Wolstenholme. Only four cameras used for the entire broadcast while use of on-screen score captions, which had been adopted for the first time the previous year was dropped. Wolstenholme described the game early on as 'The White Shirt Final' due to the breathless heat within Wembley Stadium, which led the vast majority of spectators to remove their

1963 FA Cup Final

to be broadcast live on television. The programme was presented by David Coleman from pitch side where he spent the buildup to the game interviewing the players and officials as they walked onto the field an hour before kick off. He then handed over to commentator Ken Wolstenholme, whose eleventh final this was as the television commentator. The match was broadcast in black and white with the BBC requesting that one team change kit as the red of United and blue of City would be indistinguishable to the viewers. A newsreel broadcast was also shown in cinemas that evening by

1960 FA Cup Final

from both Pathé and Movietone was screened in cinemas that evening. 1960 FA Cup Final The 1960 FA Cup Final was the 79th final of the world's oldest domestic football cup competition, the FA Cup. It took place on 7 May 1960 at Wembley Stadium in London. The match was contested by Blackburn Rovers and Wolverhampton Wanderers. Wolves won the game and the cup after a 3–0 victory, with a Norman Deeley double after Blackburn defender Mick McGrath had scored an own goal. This was Wolves' fourth and most recent FA Cup success. This was the first time the FA

FA Cup

FA Cup

The Football Association Challenge Cup, more commonly known as the FA Cup, is an annual knockout football competition in men's domestic English football. First played during the 1871–72 season, it is the oldest national football competition in the world. It is organised by and named after The Football Association (The FA). Since 2015, it has been known as The Emirates FA Cup after its headline sponsor. A concurrent women's tournament is also held, the Women's FA Cup.

The competition is open to all eligible clubs down to Level 9 of the English football league system with Level 10 clubs acting as stand-ins in the event of non-entries from above. Included in the competition are 20 professional clubs in the Premier League (level 1), 72 professional clubs in the English Football League (levels 2 to 4), and all clubs in steps 1–5 of the National League System (levels 5 to 9) as well as a tiny number of step 6 clubs acting as stand-ins for non-entries above. A record 763 clubs competed in 2011–12. The tournament consists of 12 randomly drawn rounds followed by the semi-finals and the final. Entrants are not seeded, although a system of byes based on league level ensures higher ranked teams enter in later rounds – the minimum number of games needed to win, depending on which round a team enters the competition, ranges from six to fourteen.

The first six rounds are the Qualifying Competition, from which 32 teams progress to the first round of the Competition Proper, meeting the first of the 48 professional teams from Leagues One and Two. The last entrants are the Premier League and Championship clubs, into the draw for the Third Round Proper. As a result, significant focus is given to the smaller teams who progress furthest, especially if they achieve an unlikely "giant-killing" victory.

Winners receive the FA Cup trophy, of which there have been two designs and five actual cups; the latest is a 2014 replica of the second design, introduced in 1911. Winners also qualify for the UEFA Europa League and a place in the upcoming FA Community Shield. Arsenal are the most successful club with fourteen titles and Arsène Wenger is the most successful manager in the history of the competition, having won seven finals as Arsenal's manager.

Liverpool are the current holders, having beaten Chelsea 6–5 on penalties following a 0–0 draw in the 2022 final.

English football on television

English football on television

English football on television has been broadcast since 1938. Since the establishment of the Premier League in 1992, English football has become a very lucrative industry. As of the 2013-14 season, domestic television rights for the 20-team Premier League are worth £1 billion a year. The league generates €2.2 billion per year in domestic and international television rights.

Gary Lineker

Gary Lineker

Gary Winston Lineker (; born 30 November 1960) is an English former professional footballer and current sports broadcaster. He is regarded as having been one of the greatest English strikers. His media career began with the BBC, where he has presented the flagship football programme "Match of the Day" since the late 1990s, the longest tenure of any MOTD presenter. Lineker is also the BBC's lead presenter for live football matches, including coverage of international tournaments such as the FIFA World Cup. He has also worked for Al Jazeera Sports, Eredivisie Live, NBC Sports Network, and BT Sport's coverage of the UEFA Champions League.

Lineker began his football career at Leicester City FC in 1978, and finished as the First Division's joint top goalscorer in 1984–85. He then moved to league champions Everton where he won both the PFA Players' Player of the Year and FWA Footballer of the Year awards in his debut season, before moving to Spanish giants Barcelona. With Barcelona, he won the 1987–88 Copa del Rey and the 1989 European Cup Winners' Cup. He joined Tottenham Hotspur in 1989, and won his second FWA Footballer of the Year and won the FA Cup, his first and only major trophy in English football. Lineker's final club was Nagoya Grampus Eight; he retired in 1994 after two seasons at the Japanese side.

Lineker made his England debut in 1984, earning 80 caps and scoring 48 goals over an eight-year international career. He is England's fourth-highest scorer, behind Harry Kane, Wayne Rooney and Bobby Charlton and his international goals-to-games ratio remains one of the best for the country. His six goals in the 1986 FIFA World Cup made him the tournament's top scorer, receiving the Golden Boot. Lineker was again integral to England's progress to the semi-finals of the 1990 World Cup, scoring another four goals. He still holds England's record for goals in the FIFA World Cup.

Lineker is also the only player to have been the top scorer in England with three clubs: Leicester City, Everton and Tottenham Hotspur. Notably, he never received a yellow or red card during his 16-year career. As a result, he was honoured in 1990 with the FIFA Fair Play Award. In a senior career which spanned 16 years and 567 competitive games, Lineker scored a total of 330 goals, including 282 goals at club level. After his retirement from football he was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame. A keen supporter of Leicester City, he led a consortium that invested in his old club, saving it from bankruptcy, and was appointed honorary vice-president.

Premier League

Premier League

The Premier League (legal name: The Football Association Premier League Limited) is the highest level of the men's English football league system. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League (EFL). Seasons typically run from August to May with each team playing 38 matches (playing all 19 other teams both home and away). Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons, with occasional weekday evening fixtures.

The competition was founded as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from the Football League, founded in 1888, and take advantage of a lucrative television rights sale to Sky. From 2019 to 2020, the league's accumulated television rights deals were worth around £3.1 billion a year, with Sky and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 128 and 32 games respectively. The Premier League is a corporation where chief executive Richard Masters is responsible for its management, whilst the member clubs act as shareholders. Clubs were apportioned central payment revenues of £2.4 billion in 2016–17, with a further £343 million in solidarity payments to English Football League (EFL) clubs.

The Premier League is the most-watched sports league in the world, broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people. For the 2018–19 season, the average Premier League match attendance was at 38,181, second to the German Bundesliga's 43,500, while aggregated attendance across all matches is the highest of any association football league at 14,508,981. Most stadium occupancies are near capacity. The Premier League ranks first in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons as of 2021. The English top-flight has produced the second-highest number of UEFA Champions League/European Cup titles, with five English clubs having won fourteen European trophies in total.

Fifty clubs have competed since the inception of the Premier League in 1992: forty-eight English and two Welsh clubs. Seven of them have won the title: Manchester United (13), Manchester City (6), Chelsea (5), Arsenal (3), Blackburn Rovers (1), Leicester City (1) and Liverpool (1).

2017 FA Cup final

English football on television

between Arsenal and Arsenal Reserves at Highbury on 16 September 1937. This was followed by the first televised international match, between England and Scotland on 9 April 1938, and the first televised FA Cup final followed soon after, on 30 April the same year, between Huddersfield Town and Preston North End. In October 1946, the first live televised football match was broadcast by the BBC from Barnet's home ground Underhill. Twenty minutes of the game against Wealdstone were televised in the first half and thirty five minutes of the second half before it became too dark. However, coverage of football

1938 FA Cup Final

final to be broadcast on television. It was a repeat of the 1922 FA Cup Final. This time the scores were reversed but once again a penalty was needed to separate the two sides. Three of the players who participated in the final (Andy Beattie & Bill Shankly of Preston and Eddie Boot of Huddersfield) would all manage Huddersfield within 20 years of this final. The last surviving member of the winning team was Bobby Beattie, who died in September 2002 at the age of 86. 1938 FA Cup Final The 1938 FA Cup Final was contested by Preston North

1962 FA Cup Final

entirety by the BBC, for the fourth time as a Grandstand special. The commentator was Kenneth Wolstenholme whose post-match comments again went against the majority of the media when he stated that it was his belief that the final would rank among the great post-war finals, having been keenly contested by two great teams, a statement supported by the match statistics. As in all broadcasts of previous finals the game was televised in black and white with score updates being provided by camera shots of Wembley's large scoreboard. However, in a new innovation the BBC introduced zoomed-in shots of the

English football on television

television did not expand and for the next two decades the only matches screened were FA Cup finals and the odd England "v." Scotland match. The first FA Cup tie other than the final to be shown was a fifth round match between Charlton Athletic and Blackburn Rovers on 8 February 1947, but matches were sparing and only games in London could be broadcast, for technical reasons. The advent of floodlighting led to the creation of the European Cup, designed as a midweek cup competition for the champions of European nations, in 1955. The newly formed British television station ITV

1971 FA Cup Final

ITV coverage was also released on DVD in 2004, as one of a series of DVDs covering the 1970s Cup Finals, distributed by ILC Sport (DVD2508). The same company have also released DVDs of all the 1980s and 1990s Cup Finals. 1971 FA Cup Final In the finale to the 1970–71 FA Cup season, the 1971 FA Cup Final was contested by Arsenal and Liverpool at Wembley on 8 May 1971. Arsenal won 2–1 after extra time, with all three goals coming in the added half-hour. Steve Heighway opened the scoring for Liverpool with a low drive past Wilson on

1936 FA Cup Final

first year that commentators were used in the broadcast of an FA Cup final, with the BBC describing it as an "experiment". The first commentators were Ivan Sharpe and Norman Creek, who broadcast from 2:30 pm onwards before the game to take in the pre–match entertainment. Arsenal played in red and white shirts in an FA Cup final for the first time, on previous occasions in 1930 and 32 they wore fully red shirts. Additionally, before the 1967/68 season, Arsenal only wore team badges on their shirts on special occasions, such as FA Cup Finals. The 1936 cup final was

Sports Stadium

a short time during the mid-1970s, but returned between 1985 and 1992. Following the creation of the Premier League in 1992, tape-delayed coverage of full matches continued for a further three years. The latter three years under a delayed-coverage agreement with the new FA Premier League. The FA Cup was also featured annually on RTE until 1998, when live rights to the final were picked up by Sky Sports. On 15 April 1989, the programme aired live coverage of the FA Cup semi-final tie between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest at Hillsborough and the unfolding disaster as the pens in the

1952 FA Cup Final

"Walls and Bridges" in 1974. 1952 FA Cup Final The 1952 FA Cup Final was the final match of the 1951–52 staging of the Football Association Challenge Cup (better known as the FA Cup), English football's main cup competition. The match was contested by Newcastle United and Arsenal at Wembley Stadium in London on Saturday 3 May 1952. It was hitherto only the second time that an FA Cup Final had been played in the month of May; 1937 being the first. Newcastle were appearing in their 11th final in total and their second successive final, while it was Arsenal's

ITV Sport

season. ITV shared the rights for the FA Cup with the BBC from 1955 to 1988 with both broadcasters covering the final live. This was generally the only UK match shown live on television every season. Both broadcasters started coverage from early morning trying to gain the upper hand on their rival. ITV regained the live rights to broadcast the FA Cup exclusively on terrestrial television in 1997, showing each final with Sky from 1998 to 2001 while the BBC screened highlights on Match of the Day. The FA Cup then reverted to the BBC until 2008 when ITV regained

1953 FA Cup Final

the BBC World Service and the second half on the domestic Light Programme. After this final proved to be so popular, the Cup Final was given its own standalone slot and broadcast in full on TV and radio. 1953 FA Cup Final The 1953 FA Cup Final, also known as the Matthews Final, was the eighth to be held at Wembley Stadium after the Second World War. The football match was contested between Blackpool and Bolton Wanderers, with Blackpool winning 4–3. The match became famous for the performance of Blackpool winger Stanley Matthews, after whom it was nicknamed. It remains

1947 FA Cup Final

leather available after World War II. 1947 FA Cup Final The 1947 FA Cup Final was the 66th final of the FA Cup. It took place on 26 April 1947 at Wembley Stadium and was contested between Charlton Athletic and Burnley. Charlton were appearing in their second consecutive final after losing to Derby County the previous year, while Second Division Burnley were appearing in their first final since 1914. Charlton won the match 1–0 after extra time, with Chris Duffy scoring the winning goal. For the second consecutive year, the ball burst during the match; both incidents were later put

1971–72 FA Cup

time this method was used to settle a match in the FA Cup. The final took place on Saturday, 6 May 1972 at Wembley and ended in a victory for Leeds United over Arsenal by 1–0. The goal was scored by Allan Clarke. The attendance was 100,000. The rights to show FA Cup games were, as with Football League matches, shared between the BBC and ITV network. All games were shown in a highlights format, except the Final, which was shown live both on BBC1 & ITV. The BBC football highlights programme Match Of The Day would show up to

1978 FA Cup Final

was brought round by smelling salts before being substituted. It remains Ipswich Town's only FA Cup triumph to date and they have not appeared in the final since, although they did appear in the semi-final three years later. Their only major trophy since then was the UEFA Cup in 1981. The Final was televised by both the BBC and ITV as part of their respective Grandstand and World of Sport shows. David Coleman and Lawrie McMenemy were the commentary team for the BBC with Brian Moore and Jack Charlton for ITV. BBC Radio coverage was anchored by Des Lynam with

1924 FA Cup Final

E. Russell, the only referee from Swindon, Wiltshire, to ever officiate an FA Cup Final. He died aged 65 years in April - June 1946. 1924 FA Cup Final The 1924 FA Cup Final was contested by Newcastle United and Aston Villa at Wembley. Newcastle won 2–0, the goals scored by Neil Harris and Stan Seymour. The match has become commonly known as the "Rainy Day" final due to the weather that day, a consequence of which has led to there being very few good condition programmes left for the game. (Many fans used their match programmes as makeshift umbrellas.)

1961 FA Cup Final

that the result would have been any different had the injury not occurred. Chalmers himself only left the field with ten minutes remaining when Tottenham were comfortably in front and any chance of a Leicester victory had evaporated. He was unable to return to collect his loser's medal. The match was broadcast in black and white as a cup final special edition of the Saturday afternoon sports programme Grandstand however cinema viewers experienced a first when the traditional pre movie newsreels of both Pathé and Movietone broadcast their match reports in colour. 1961 FA Cup Final The 1961 FA Cup