Question: Who was known as 'The Preston Plumber'?

Sir Thomas Finney
Sir Tom Finney
sir thomas finney
tom finney
The Preston Plumber
preston plumber
Tom finney
Tom Finney
SIR TOM FINNEY
sir tom finney

Tom Finney

which led Finney as her full-time carer to be a strong supporter of the Alzheimer's Society. They had two children: a son Brian (born 1947) and a daughter Barbara (born 1950). Once normal competition was restored, Finney made his debut for Preston in August 1946 and soon established himself as an agile forward. Post-war demand for plumbers ensured that he had a second income to supplement the £14 he received as a footballer and was nicknamed "The Preston Plumber". Such was his influence on the team that Preston were, rather unfairly, known to some as "the Plumber and his 10

Preston B. Plumb

Preston B. Plumb Preston Bierce Plumb (October 12, 1837December 20, 1891) was a United States Senator from Kansas, as well as an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Born in Delaware County, Ohio, at 9 his family removed to Marysville, Ohio, where he flourished in the local schools. At 11 he attended Kenyon College, a preparatory school and learned the trade of printing. After 3 years there, he returned to Marysville where he worked for the local paper, The Tribune, and afterwards purchased and edited the "Xenia News". He moved to Lawrence, Kansas in 1856, to

Preston, Lancashire

the first English town outside London to be lit by gas. The Preston Gas Company was established in 1815 by, amongst others, a Catholic priest: Rev. Joseph "Daddy" Dunn of the Society of Jesus. The Preston and Wigan Railway arrived in 1838, shortly afterwards renamed the North Union Railway. The Sheffield firm of Thos W Ward Ltd opened a ship breaking yard at Preston Dock in 1894. The more oppressive side of industrialisation was seen during the Preston Strike of 1842 on Saturday 13 August 1842, when a group of cotton workers demonstrated against the poor conditions in the town's

Preston North End F.C.

was playing. The club's last major trophy win was in the 1938 FA Cup Final when they defeated Huddersfield Town 1–0 and the team included Bill Shankly, Andy Beattie and goalscorer George Mutch. Preston's most famous player, Tom Finney, joined the club as a teenager in 1938. His first team debut was delayed until 1946 by the Second World War but he played for Preston until he retired in 1960. He is generally considered to be one of the greatest footballers of all time and, being local, was nicknamed the "Preston Plumber" due to his professional business as a plumber.

William Preston (British politician)

William Preston (British politician) William Preston (February 1874 - 22 November 1941) was a British industrialist and Conservative politician. Born in 1874, Preston was educated at Walsall Grammar School and Weston School, Bath. In 1907 he married Lilly Swinton Sanders, and he became managing director of William Sanders & Co (Wednesbury) Limited, a major manufacturer of electrical switching equipment. He played cricket for Staffordshire in the Minor Counties Championship, making one appearance in 1901 against Northamptonshire and another in 1911, against Lincolnshire. At the 1924 general election, Preston was chosen as Conservative candidate for the Walsall constituency. He unseated the

Tom Finney

Tom Finney

Sir Thomas Finney (5 April 1922 – 14 February 2014) was an English international footballer who played from 1946 to 1960 as a winger or centre forward for Preston North End and England. He is widely acknowledged to have been one of the sport's greatest-ever players. He was noted for his loyalty to Preston, for whom he made 433 Football League and 40 FA Cup appearances, scoring a total of 210 goals. He played for England 76 times, scoring 30 goals.

Joe the Plumber

Joe the Plumber

Samuel Joseph Wurzelbacher (; born December 3, 1973), commonly known as "Joe the Plumber", is an American conservative activist and commentator. He gained national attention during the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign season when, during a videotaped campaign stop in Ohio by then-Democratic nominee Barack Obama, Wurzelbacher raised concerns that Obama's tax policy would increase taxes on small business owners. Wurzelbacher is a member of the Republican Party.

Since he expressed to then-Senator Obama that he was interested in purchasing a small plumbing business, Wurzelbacher was given the moniker "Joe the Plumber" by the McCain–Palin campaign. The campaign brought him in to make several appearances in campaign events in Ohio and McCain often referenced "Joe the Plumber" in campaign speeches and in the final presidential debate, as a metaphor for middle-class Americans.

Wurzelbacher became a prominent conservative activist, commentator, author and motivational speaker. In 2012, he ran on the Republican ticket to represent Ohio's 9th congressional district in the House of Representatives, losing to Democratic incumbent Marcy Kaptur.

Preston North End F.C.

Preston North End F.C.

Preston North End Football Club, commonly referred to as Preston, North End or PNE, is a professional football club in Preston, Lancashire, England, who currently play in the EFL Championship, the second tier of the English football league system. Originally a cricket club, Preston has been based at Deepdale since 1875. The club first took up football in 1878 as a winter fitness activity and decided to focus on it in May 1880, when the football club was officially founded. Deepdale is now football's oldest ground in terms of continuous use by a league club.

Preston North End was a founder member of the Football League in 1888. In the 1888–89 season, the team won both the inaugural league championship and the FA Cup, the latter without conceding a goal. They were the first team to achieve the "Double" in English football and, as they were unbeaten in all matches, are remembered as "The Invincibles". Preston won the league championship again in 1889–90 but their only major success since then has been their 1938 FA Cup Final victory over Huddersfield Town. The club's most famous players have been Tom Finney and Bill Shankly, who are both commemorated at Deepdale by stands named after them. Other notable players include Tommy Docherty, Alan Kelly Sr., Graham Alexander and Paul Gallagher.

Until 1961, Preston were usually members of the First Division but, having been relegated after the 1960–61 season, they have not yet returned to the top flight. They were first relegated to the Third Division after the 1969–70 season and have spent 28 of the 49 seasons since 1970 in the bottom two divisions of the Football League, including a span of 19 seasons from 1981–1982 to 1999–2000. Preston has faced serious financial issues and was twice in danger of closure. The club was owned by businessman Trevor Hemmings until his death in October 2021 and has been in the EFL Championship since gaining promotion in 2015.

Andrew Flintoff

Andrew Flintoff

Andrew "Freddie" Flintoff (born 6 December 1977) is an English television and radio presenter and former international cricketer. Flintoff played all forms of the game and was one of the sport's leading all-rounders, a fast bowler, middle-order batsman, and slip fielder. He was consistently rated by the ICC as being among the top international all-rounders in both ODI and Test cricket.

Following his debut in 1998, he became an integral player for England, and was England's "Man of the Series" in the 2005 Ashes. He later served as both captain and vice-captain of the team. He retired from Test cricket at the end of the 2009 Ashes series, and from other forms of the game in 2010. He then had one professional boxing fight on 30 November 2012 in Manchester, beating American Richard Dawson on a points decision. In 2014, Flintoff came out of retirement to play Twenty20 cricket for Lancashire, before being signed by Brisbane Heat to play in the Australian Big Bash League for the 2014–15 season.

Since his retirement, Flintoff has been involved with numerous projects, including designing his own fashion range and becoming the face of the brand Jacamo, winning the first series of the Australian version of "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!", and being part of Sky One's sports-based comedy panel show "A League of Their Own". Flintoff became a presenter of the BBC One show "Top Gear" in 2019.

Herman P. Faris

Herman P. Faris

Herman Preston Faris (December 25, 1858 – March 20, 1936) was an American businessman and politician who served as treasurer of the Prohibition National Committee, twice as the Prohibition Party candidate for governor of Missouri, and was the party's presidential candidate during the 1924 presidential election.

Josiah Johnston Preston

a freemason. Josiah Johnston Preston Josiah Johnston Preston (June 7, 1855 – July 10, 1937) was an Ontario merchant and political figure. He represented Durham East in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1902 to 1919 as a Conservative member. He was born in Manvers Township, Durham County, the son of James Preston. Preston was a grain dealer. He served as reeve for Manvers and was also warden for the United Counties of Northumberland and Durham in 1897. He became clerk for the township in 1898. He was defeated in the 1919 election. Preston was a member of the Orange

John Braden (politician)

John Braden (politician) John Braden (June 18, 1841 – December 9, 1926) was an English-born plumber and political figure in British Columbia. He represented Victoria City in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1894 to 1898. He was born in Liverpool, the son of William Braden, and was educated there. Braden apprenticed as a plumber. He went to Puget Sound in 1871 and then came to the Stickeen country in British Columbia two years later, intending to prospect there. Braden established a plumbing business at Victoria in 1875 with a partner, operating on his own from 1883 until 1887,

William Preston (Freemason)

after his death, after a long illness, in 1818. While Preston is remembered as a masonic scholar, few modern masons have read his work. His history of freemasonry is every bit as far fetched as Anderson's, although it starts far later with Athelstan, and his lectures and explanations must be read as a work of its time, relating the Freemasonry of the late Eighteenth century to the people of that time. Preston's lasting impact is in drawing the perception of Freemasonry away from the bar and the dining table, and giving it a more cerebral appeal. Preston is also associated,

William Preston (actor)

William Preston (actor) William Preston (August 26, 1921 – July 10, 1998) did not start his acting career until he was at the age of 47 but subsequently appeared in more than sixty productions of Shakespeare's plays. He had a Master's degree in English literature from Penn State. He is perhaps best known for his role as recurring character Carl "Oldy" Olson on "Late Night with Conan O'Brien". Among his many movie roles, he played John, the bum, from "The Fisher King" (1991), a blacksmith in "Far and Away" (1992), and the flask mourner in "Family Business" (1989). He later

John Leopold Denman

is still occupied by the family. Denman also undertook small schemes to design internal features and fittings for buildings, such as his work at Preston Manor. Preston was a Saxon village which became a suburb of Brighton in the 19th century. Its ancient manor house, Preston Manor, was rebuilt several times, most substantially in 1905. At some point after this date, Denman designed an alcove at the bottom of the main staircase. Other small schemes, both under the Denman & Son name, were carried out at St Paul's Church (a sounding board for the pulpit, designed in about 1960) and

William Preston (actor)

appeared in "Waterworld" (1995), "Reckless" (1995), "Blue in the Face" (1995), and "The Crucible" (1996). William Preston (actor) William Preston (August 26, 1921 – July 10, 1998) did not start his acting career until he was at the age of 47 but subsequently appeared in more than sixty productions of Shakespeare's plays. He had a Master's degree in English literature from Penn State. He is perhaps best known for his role as recurring character Carl "Oldy" Olson on "Late Night with Conan O'Brien". Among his many movie roles, he played John, the bum, from "The Fisher King" (1991), a blacksmith

Peter Preston (politician)

Peter Preston (politician) Peter Langdon Preston (June 3, 1935 – October 14, 2016) was a Canadian politician in Ontario. He was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1995 to 1999. He represented the riding of Brant—Haldimand. He died at his residence, in Hamilton, on October 16, 2016. Preston was a non-commissioned officer with the Royal Canadian Engineers for a number of years. He also worked in sales and management insurance, and founded Preston House in 1984 as a group home for boys aged twelve to eighteen. He also founded the Rocking P Peruvian Ranch, where

Edward Carter Preston

Edward Carter Preston Edward Carter Preston (7 July 1885 – 2 March 1965) was an English artist, born and died in Liverpool. He was a renowned sculptor and medallist. The artist designed the bronze memorial plaques presented to the families of British servicemen and women who died during the First World War. Another major commission for the artist began in 1931 when the architect Giles Gilbert Scott asked him to produce a series of sculptures for the Liverpool Anglican Cathedral. The project was an immense undertaking which occupied the artist for the next thirty years. The work for the cathedral

Arthur Edwin Preston

Arthur Edwin Preston Arthur Edwin Preston (1852-1942) was the Mayor of Abingdon-on-Thames, Master of Christ's Hospital and an antiquarian and historian. Son of John (saddler, coach proprietor and tax collector) and Frances Preston (née Prince), he was born in Abingdon on 1 January 1852, at 13 High Street, next to the old Lion Hotel. He was educated at John Roysse's Free School in Abingdon-on-Thames (now Abingdon School) from 1861-1867. He gained a Bachelor of Arts at London University and became a fellow in 1882. Before he attended University he had started to train as an accountant and was employed as

Thomas J. Preston Jr.

Thomas J. Preston Jr. Thomas Jex Preston Jr. (October 26, 1862 – December 25, 1955) was an American archeology professor and academic administrator. Preston was born on October 26, 1862 in Hastings on Hudson, New York. He graduated from Princeton University, where he first earned a bachelor's degree followed by a master's degree and a PhD. He also studied abroad at the Sorbonne University for two years, and at the University of Rome. Preston began his career as a businessman for a manufacturing concern in Newark, New Jersey. He left the business world after "amassing a comfortable fortune." Preston was

Preston King (Mayor of Bath)

councillor for Bath City Council. . Preston King (Mayor of Bath) Dr Preston King (1863-1943) was the Mayor of Bath in 1913 and 1917-18). Dr King was born in Great Barton in Suffolk, and educated at Bury St Edmunds Grammar School. He gained entrance to Cavendish Hall, Cambridge in 1881 and after clinical training at St Thomas’s Hospital London, and a brief spell as a ship’s surgeon, he was appointed as the resident medical officer at the Royal Mineral Water Hospital in Bath. He was also appointed as assistant physician at the Royal United Hospital (RUH). He married Margaretta Bond

William Preston (British politician)

sitting Liberal MP, Patrick Collins. However, following his election, it was discovered that Preston had received payments for two small contracts to supply electrical fittings to the Post Office Stores Department. As a government contractor, Preston was ineligible to stand for parliament, and his election was declared void. Having overcome his legal difficulties, Preston was selected as Conservative candidate at the ensuing by-election. The poll was held on 27 February, and Preston was elected ahead of Liberal and Labour candidates, with a similar majority to that gained at the 1924 election. Preston was only a member of the House of

Preston Taylor

Preston Taylor Apartments. That part of Nashville also houses the Preston Taylor YMCA and Preston Taylor Ministries. Preston Taylor Preston Taylor (November 7, 1849April 13, 1931) was an African-American businessman, minister and philanthropist. In the early 20th century he was considered one of the most influential leaders of Nashville, Tennessee's black community. He created Greenwood Cemetery, which is the second oldest African-American cemetery in Nashville, and Greenwood Park, which was the first park for African-American communities in Nashville. A later public housing project was named in his honor. Taylor was born into slavery in Shreveport, Louisiana on November 7, 1849

Josiah Preston

Josiah Preston Josiah Preston (1885 – after 1909) was an English professional footballer born in Derby who played in the Football League for Birmingham. Preston played for Derby Midland and Burton United before joining Birmingham in 1908. Described as "a strong and solid reserve", he was one of several full backs vying to succeed Frank Stokes and Watty Corbett, who were coming to the end of their careers. He had a run of seven games in the 1909–10 season, beginning with a 3–0 defeat at Clapton Orient on 20 November 1909, but returned to non-league football the following year with

James Hibbert

Fishergate Baptist Church (1858) (with Rainford), and Preston Savings Bank (1872), also in Fishergate. Other works include an extension to Preston Royal Infirmary (1866–70), and the partial rebuilding of North Road Pentecostal Church in Preston (1885–86). Notes Citations Sources James Hibbert James Hibbert (born 1831) was an English architect who practised in Preston, Lancashire. Hibbert was born in Preston and educated at Preston Grammar School. From 1855 Hibbert worked in partnership with Nathan Rainford. He also became an alderman of Preston. Hibbert's finest and most important work is the Harris Museum (1882–93), which is described by Hartwell and Pevsner in


Question: To within five years either way, in which year was the Boy Scout movement founded by Robert Baden-Powell?

one thousand nine hundred and seven
one thousand, nine hundred and seven
1907

Professional Scouter (Boy Scouts of America)

January 24, 1908, the Boy Scouts movement begins in England with the publication of the first installment of Robert Baden-Powell’s Scouting for Boys. Baden-Powell then went on to make his idea of Scouting a worldwide trend. By the end of 1908, there were more than 60,000 young men “enrolled” in the organization. By 1910, the Boy Scouts of America had officially become established as a trendy organization for young boys both in and out of England. Shortly after the BSA was fully operational, there became a need for adults willing to run the organization. From this point on, adults have

about twelve public school boys, mostly sons of his friends. Baden-Powell was also influenced by Ernest Thompson Seton, who founded the Woodcraft Indians. Seton gave Baden-Powell a copy of his book "The Birch Bark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians" and they met in 1906. The first book on the Scout Movement, Baden-Powell's "Scouting for Boys" was published in six instalments in 1908, and has sold approximately 150 million copies as the fourth best-selling book of the 20th century. Boys and girls spontaneously formed Scout troops and the Scouting Movement had inadvertently started, first as a national, and soon an international

Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell Lieutenant-General Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, ( ; 22 February 1857 – 8 January 1941) was a British Army officer, writer, founder and first Chief Scout of the world-wide Boy Scout Movement, and founder, with his sister Agnes, of the world-wide Girl Guide / Girl Scout Movement. Baden-Powell authored the first editions of the seminal work "Scouting for Boys", which was an inspiration for the Scout Movement. After having been educated at Charterhouse School in Surrey, Baden-Powell served in the British Army from 1876 until 1910 in India and Africa. In 1899, during

Olave Baden-Powell

and founder of the Scouts, Robert Baden-Powell, on an ocean liner (RMSP "Arcadian") on the way via the Caribbean to New York to start a lecture tour. She was 23, he was 55, and they shared the same birthday. They became engaged in September of the same year, causing a media sensation. They married on 30 October 1912 in a very private ceremony, in St. Peter's Church, Parkstone, her Parish Church. She was given away by her father; apart from clergy, the only other people present were his brother and sister and Robert Kekewich, a close friend of his, her

Scout (Scouting)

programs such as Air Scouts, Sea Scouts, outdoor high adventure, Scouting bands, and rider Scouts. Robert Baden-Powell founded the Boy Scouts as an organization in 1908, a few months after the first scout encampment at Brownsea Island Scout camp in 1907. Baden-Powell got the idea from his experiences with the British Army in South Africa. To advance his ideas, Baden-Powell wrote "Scouting for Boys" for boy readership, which describes the Scout method of outdoor activities aiming at developing character, citizenship, and personal fitness qualities among youth. Many boys joined Scouting activities, resulting in the movement growing rapidly to become the

Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell

Lieutenant-General Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, ( ; (Commonly pronounced by others as ) 22 February 1857 – 8 January 1941) was a British Army officer, writer, founder and first Chief Scout of the world-wide Scout Movement, and founder, with his sister Agnes, of the world-wide Girl Guide / Girl Scout Movement. Baden-Powell authored the first editions of the seminal work "Scouting for Boys", which was an inspiration for the Scout Movement.

Educated at Charterhouse School, Baden-Powell served in the British Army from 1876 until 1910 in India and Africa. In 1899, during the Second Boer War in South Africa, Baden-Powell successfully defended the town in the Siege of Mafeking. Several of his books, written for military reconnaissance and scout training in his African years, were also read by boys. In August 1907, he held a demonstration camp, the Brownsea Island Scout camp, which is now seen as the beginning of Scouting. Based on his earlier books, particularly "Aids to Scouting", he wrote "Scouting for Boys", published in 1908 by Sir Arthur Pearson, for boy readership. In 1910 Baden-Powell retired from the army and formed The Scout Association.

The first Scout Rally was held at The Crystal Palace in 1909. Girls in Scout uniform attended, telling Baden-Powell that they were the "Girl Scouts". In 1910, Baden-Powell and his sister Agnes Baden-Powell started the Girl Guide and Girl Scout organisation. In 1912 he married Olave St Clair Soames. He gave guidance to the Scout and Girl Guide movements until retiring in 1937. Baden-Powell lived his last years in Nyeri, Kenya, where he died and was buried in 1941. His grave is a national monument.

Boy Scouts of America

Boy Scouts of America

The Boy Scouts of America (BSA, colloquially the Boy Scouts) is one of the largest scouting organizations and one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with about 1.2 million youth participants. The BSA was founded in 1910, and since then, about 110 million Americans have participated in BSA programs. BSA is part of the international Scout Movement and became a founding member organization of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922.

The stated mission of the Boy Scouts of America is to "prepare young people to make ethical and moral choices over their lifetimes by instilling in them the values of the Scout Oath and Law." Youth are trained in responsible citizenship, character development, and self-reliance through participation in a wide range of outdoor activities, educational programs, and, at older age levels, career-oriented programs in partnership with community organizations. For younger members, the Scout method is part of the program to instill typical Scouting values such as trustworthiness, good citizenship, and outdoors skills, through a variety of activities such as camping, aquatics, and hiking. To further these outdoor activities, the BSA has four high-adventure bases: Northern Tier (Minnesota, Manitoba, and Ontario), Philmont Scout Ranch (New Mexico), Sea Base (Florida, US Virgin Islands, and Bahamas), and Summit Bechtel Reserve (West Virginia), as well as nearly one hundred separate camps and reservations specifically dedicated to scouts.

The main Scouting divisions are Cub Scouting for ages 5 to 11 years, Scouts BSA for ages 10 to 18, Venturing for ages 14 through 21, and Sea Scouts for ages 14 through 21. The BSA operates Scouting by chartering local organizations, such as churches, clubs, civic associations, or educational organizations, to implement the Scouting program for youth within their communities. Units are led entirely by volunteers appointed by the chartering organization, who are supported by local councils using both paid professional Scouters and volunteers. Additionally, Learning for Life is an affiliate that provides in-school and career education.

On February 1, 2019, the Boy Scouts of America renamed its flagship program, Boy Scouts, to Scouts BSA to reflect its policy change allowing girls to join separate, gender-specific troops. Shortly thereafter, the largest charter organization supporting BSA, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, decided to part ways substantially contributing to a net loss of nearly a million scouts/leaders. On February 18, 2020, the National BSA filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and is currently restructuring its financial situation. On November 16, 2020, the National BSA disclosed in their bankruptcy filings that over 92,000 former Scouts had reported sexual abuse by members of the organization. In December 2021, the insurer for the Boy Scouts of America agreed to pay $800M into the fund for victims.

Scouting

Scouting

Scouting, also known as the Scout Movement, is a worldwide youth movement employing the Scout method, a program of informal education with an emphasis on practical outdoor activities, including camping, woodcraft, aquatics, hiking, backpacking, and sports. Another widely recognized movement characteristic is the Scout uniform, by intent hiding all differences of social standing in a country and encouraging equality, with neckerchief and campaign hat or comparable headwear. Distinctive uniform insignia include the fleur-de-lis and the trefoil, as well as merit badges and other patches.

In 1907, Robert Baden-Powell, a Lieutenant General in the British Army, held a Scouting encampment on Brownsea Island in England. Baden-Powell wrote "Scouting for Boys" (London, 1908), partly based on his earlier military books. The Scout Movement of both Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts was well established in the first decade of the twentieth century. Later, programs for younger children, such as Wolf Cubs (1916), now Cubs, and for older adolescents, such as Rovers (1918), were adopted by some Scout organizations. In 1910, Baden-Powell formed the Girl Guides, for girls in the United Kingdom which spread internationally as Girl Guides and includes age programs of (Brownie Guide, Girl Guide and Girl Scout, Ranger Guide).

In 2007, Scouting and Guiding together had over 38 million members in 216 countries. International umbrella organizations include:

Non-aligned Scouting and Scout-like organisations

Non-aligned Scouting organizations is a term used by the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM), World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) and their member national organizations to refer to Scouting organizations that are not affiliated with them. See List of non-aligned Scouting organizations.

Scout-like organisations are organizations that resemble Scouting in some way. Scout-like organizations have been created both prior to and after the origin of the Scout Movement and are characterized by use of or similarity to part of the Scout Method.

The Scout Movement is a pluralist movement, not a single organization. Since it’s origins, the Scout Movement has been composed of many Scout organisations. However, WOSM and WAGGGS, to protect their founding organizations, register only one Scouting organization per country, although that organization can be a federation of several organizations.

"Terminology used in this article:"
"The terms "aligned", "non-aligned", "Scout-like" and "breakaway" used in this article reflect the usage of WOSM, WAGGGS and their member national organizations. WOSM, WAGGGS and their member national organizations refer to organizations that had a common origin or were once associated with them in some way but are no longer associated with them as breakaway organizations. A breakaway organization may also be a Scouting or Scout-like organization."

Religion in Scouting

Religion in Scouting

Religion in Scouting and Guiding is an aspect of the Scout method that has been practiced differently and given different interpretations in different parts of the world over the years.

In contrast to the Christian-only Boys' Brigade, which started two decades earlier, Robert Baden-Powell founded the Scout movement as a youth organization (with boys as 'Scouts' and girls as 'Guides'), which was independent of any single faith or religion, yet still held that spirituality and a belief in a higher power were key to the development of young people.

Scouting organizations are free to interpret the method as laid down by the founder. As the modern world has become more secular and as many societies have become more religiously diverse, this has caused misunderstandings and controversies in some of the national member organizations.

he was advised by King Edward VII that he could better serve his country by promoting Scouting. On the outbreak of World War I in 1914, at the age of fifty-seven, Baden-Powell put himself at the disposal of the War Office. No command was given to him. It has been claimed that Lord Kitchener said: "he could lay his hand on several competent divisional generals but could find no one who could carry on the invaluable work of the Boy Scouts". It was rumoured that Baden-Powell was engaged in spying and Baden-Powell claimed that intelligence officers spread this myth. On

History of the Boy Scouts of America

review. Robinson wanted to return to his full-time position at the YMCA, so Livingstone put out inquiries for a replacement. They hired James E. West, an enterprising young lawyer known as an advocate of children's rights. West was hired on a six-month temporary basis that lasted 35 years. The new BSA office at 200 Fifth Avenue opened in January 1911, with West at the helm and the movement began to grow at a rapid pace. One of West's first tasks was to revise the British-based program outline in Seton's handbook and adapt it for American boys. West was instrumental in

phenomenon. A rally of Scouts was held at Crystal Palace in London in 1909, at which Baden-Powell met some of the first Girl Scouts. The Girl Guides were subsequently formed in 1910 under the auspices of Baden-Powell's sister, Agnes Baden-Powell. Baden-Powell's friend Juliette Gordon Low was encouraged by him to found the Girl Scouts of the USA. In 1920, the 1st World Scout Jamboree took place in Olympia in West Kensington, and Baden-Powell was acclaimed Chief Scout of the World. Baden-Powell was created a Baronet in 1921 and Baron Baden-Powell, of Gilwell, in the County of Essex, on 17 September

30 April 1902. Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell Lieutenant-General Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, ( ; 22 February 1857 – 8 January 1941) was a British Army officer, writer, founder and first Chief Scout of the world-wide Boy Scout Movement, and founder, with his sister Agnes, of the world-wide Girl Guide / Girl Scout Movement. Baden-Powell authored the first editions of the seminal work "Scouting for Boys", which was an inspiration for the Scout Movement. After having been educated at Charterhouse School in Surrey, Baden-Powell served in the British Army from 1876 until 1910 in India and Africa.

Scouting

wrote about, boys spontaneously formed Scout patrols and flooded Baden-Powell with requests for assistance. He encouraged them, and the Scouting movement developed momentum. In 1910 Baden-Powell formed The Boy Scouts Association in the United Kingdom. As the movement grew, Sea Scouts, Air Scouts, and other specialized units were added to the program. The Boy Scout Movement swiftly established itself throughout the British Empire soon after the publication of "Scouting for Boys". By 1908, Scouting was established in Gibraltar, Malta, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. In 1909 Chile was the first country outside the British dominions to have a

Cub Scouts (The Scout Association)

age of 11. Robert Baden-Powell published a first draft of a scheme for "Junior Scouts" in 1913, followed by a more detailed outline for "Wolf Cubs or Young Scouts" in January 1914. The finalised programme for 8- to 10-year-old boys was launched at a special conference on 24 June 1916, by which time it had been themed around the "Jungle Book" written by Baden-Powell's friend and neighbour, Rudyard Kipling; the boys representing the cubs in the Mowgli stories and the leaders being known by the names of the major characters. Each meeting was to start and finish with the "Grand

William D. Boyce

him along a trail when they found out he was the founder of BSA and LSA in America. According to legend, Boyce was lost on a foggy street in London in 1909 when an unknown Scout came to his aid, guiding him back to his destination. The boy then refused Boyce's tip, explaining that he was merely doing his duty as a Boy Scout. Soon thereafter, Boyce met with Robert Baden-Powell, who was the head of the Boy Scout Association at that time. Boyce returned to America, and, four months later, founded the Boy Scouts of America on February 8,

Boy Scouts of America

Boy Scouts Headquarters and, by some accounts, Baden-Powell. Upon his return to the US, Boyce incorporated the Boy Scouts of America on February 8, 1910. Edgar M. Robinson and Lee F. Hanmer became interested in the nascent BSA and convinced Boyce to turn the program over to the YMCA for development in April 1910. Robinson enlisted Seton, Beard, Charles Eastman, and other prominent leaders in the early youth movements. Former president Theodore Roosevelt, who had long complained of the decline in American manhood, became an ardent supporter. In January 1911, Robinson turned the movement over to James E. West who

Scouting in North Carolina

scouting and he put his theories to the test during the summer of 1907. He took a group of 22 boys to Brownsea Island where he conducted the first Boy Scout camp. He divided the boys into four groups and established the "patrol method". In 1908 Baden-Powell published "Scouting for Boys", the first Boy Scout handbook. Scouting came to the United States a short time later. There were already boy organizations in the US under the leadership of Daniel Carter Beard (Sons of Daniel Boone), Ernest Thompson Seton (Woodcraft Indians) and the YMCA. Chicago publisher William D. Boyce learned about

Unknown Scout

later, founded the Boy Scouts of America on February 8, 1910. The story of the Unknown Scout has been described as "true, at least in essence." Some details, however, have been added to the known facts. According to Edward Rowan, Boyce stopped in London en route to a safari in British East Africa. While an unknown Scout helped him and refused a tip, this Scout only helped him cross a street to a hotel, did not take him to the Scout headquarters, and Boyce never met Baden-Powell. Upon Boyce's request, the Scout did give him the address of the Scout

The Scout Association

held in Olympia, London in 1920 together with an international conference for leaders which founded the World Organization of the Scout Movement of which The Boy Scouts Association was a founding member. Baden-Powell continued to guide the Scouts and Girl Guides, going on world tours throughout the rest of his life until ill health caused him to retire to Kenya in 1938 where he died on 8 January 1941. "The Boy Scouts Headquarters Gazette" was first published in July 1909, as the official publication of the association for adult Scouters and administrators, alongside "The Scout", a magazine for youth members

Scouting in the United States

Chicago publisher W. D. Boyce was visiting London, England in 1909 where he met the Unknown Scout and learned of the Scouting movement. Boyce secured the rights to the Scouting program in the U.S., and soon after his return, Boyce incorporated the Boy Scouts of America on February 8, 1910. Edgar M. Robinson and Lee F. Hanmer became interested in the nascent BSA movement and convinced Boyce to turn the program over to the YMCA for development. Robinson enlisted Seton, Beard and other prominent leaders in the early youth movements. After initial development, Robinson turned the movement over to James

Scouting

Baden-Powell a copy of his 1902 book "The Birchbark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians". Seton, a British-born Canadian-American living in the United States, met Baden-Powell in October 1906, and they shared ideas about youth training programs. In 1907 Baden-Powell wrote a draft called "Boy Patrols". In the same year, to test his ideas, he gathered 21 boys of mixed social backgrounds (from boy's schools in the London area and a section of boys from the Poole, Parkstone, Hamworthy, Bournemouth, and Winton Boys' Brigade units) and held a week-long camp in August on Brownsea Island in Poole Harbour, Dorset, England. His

History of the Boy Scouts of America

in the United States and Canada, replacing them with a new activities program. In August of that year, BSA announced discontinuance of the program nationwide at the end of 2017. Shortly after Boy Scouting was founded in the United States, its creators encountered a problem with older boys. Some grew bored with the program, usually around 14–15, while others didn't want to leave their troops after reaching the age of 18. To alleviate this problem, a number of new programs were created for older boys over time, including the Sea Scouts (1912), Senior Scouts and Explorer Scouts (1935), Rover Scouts

The Scout Association

from Bristol in 1954 which resulted in a media frenzy and debate in the House of Lords, where following a robust defence of the association's position by Lord Rowallan, the matter was withdrawn without a division. In 1957, to commemorate fifty years of Scouting and the centenary of Baden-Powell's birth, the association hosted the 9th World Scout Jamboree at Sutton Park in Birmingham. The Boy Scouts Association and its programmes in Britain went largely unchanged until it underwent a major review in the 1960s. The Chief Scouts' Advance Party was formed in 1964 and was sent to survey the association


Question: Which US state is nicknamed The Equality State?

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SS Equality State (T-ACS-8)

SS Equality State (T-ACS-8) SS "Equality State" (T-ACS-8) is a crane ship of the United States Navy. The ship is named for the state of Wyoming, which is also known as the "Equality State". Equality State was laid down on 6 July 1960, as the break-bulk freighter SS "Washington Mail, ON 287238, IMO 5386605, a Maritime Administration type (C4-S-1s) hull under MARAD contract (MA 86). Built by Todd Shipyards, Los Angeles Division, San Pedro, California, hull no. 77, she was launched on 11 May 1961, and delivered to MARAD 2 January 1962, entering service for American Mail Lines, a subsidiary

SS Equality State (T-ACS-8)

was designated for disposal in August 2016. SS Equality State (T-ACS-8) SS "Equality State" (T-ACS-8) is a crane ship of the United States Navy. The ship is named for the state of Wyoming, which is also known as the "Equality State". Equality State was laid down on 6 July 1960, as the break-bulk freighter SS "Washington Mail, ON 287238, IMO 5386605, a Maritime Administration type (C4-S-1s) hull under MARAD contract (MA 86). Built by Todd Shipyards, Los Angeles Division, San Pedro, California, hull no. 77, she was launched on 11 May 1961, and delivered to MARAD 2 January 1962, entering

LGBT employment discrimination in the United States

gender identity discrimination in employment in the public and private sector: California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, and Washington. Three states, Michigan, New York and Pennsylvania, have acquired such protections through executive regulations, court rulings or binding decisions by their respective civil rights commissions. In addition, two states, Indiana and Wisconsin prohibit discrimination on account of sexual orientation only; gender identity is not addressed. Indiana, in accordance with "Hively v Ivy Tech Community College", a ruling by the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals,

Equality Florida

Equality Florida Equality Florida is both a political advocacy group which advocates for civil rights and protections for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender residents of the U.S. state of Florida as well as a non-profit arm, "Equality Florida Institute." It was established in 1997 and has been headed since its inception by executive director Nadine Smith. Smith, a former award-winning journalist at the Tampa Tribune, served as one of the four national co-chairs on the 1993 March on Washington. After graduating high school, Smith attended the Air Force Academy, but left after the Don't Ask Don't Tell policy in 1993.Smith

Equality Mississippi

publish the "Mississippi Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Rights Series", a three booklet series covering how Mississippi law affected the lives of gay and lesbian Mississippians. In 2003, Equality Mississippi submitted an amicus brief to the United States Supreme Court in Lawrence v. Texas. In the case, the Court struck down a Texas state law banning private consensual sex between adults of the same sex in a decision gay rights groups hailed as historic. The ruling invalidated anti-sodomy laws in 12 other states, including Mississippi. In 2003, after the Gulfport city council passed a resolution condemning the United States Supreme

List of U.S. state and territory nicknames

The following is a table of U.S. state, federal district and territory nicknames, including officially adopted nicknames and other traditional nicknames for the 50 U.S. states, the U.S. federal district, as well as five U.S. territories.

Wyoming

Wyoming

Wyoming () is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho to the west, Utah to the southwest, and Colorado to the south. With a population of 576,851 in the 2020 United States census, Wyoming is the least populous state despite being the 10th largest by area, with the second-lowest population density after Alaska. The state capital and most populous city is Cheyenne, which had an estimated population of 63,957 in 2018.

Wyoming's western half is covered mostly by the ranges and rangelands of the Rocky Mountains, while the eastern half of the state is high-elevation prairie called the High Plains. It is drier and windier than the rest of the country, being split between semi-arid and continental climates with greater temperature extremes. Almost half of the land in Wyoming is owned by the federal government, generally protected for public uses. The state ranks 6th by area and fifth by proportion of a state's land owned by the federal government.<ref name="maineenvironment.org"/> Federal lands include two national parks (Grand Teton and Yellowstone), two national recreation areas, two national monuments, several national forests, historic sites, fish hatcheries, and wildlife refuges.

Indigenous peoples inhabited the region for thousands of years. Historic and current federally recognized tribes include the Arapaho, Crow, Lakota, and Shoshone. During European exploration, the Spanish Empire was the first to "claim" southern Wyoming. With Mexican independence, it became part of that republic. After defeat in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded this territory to the U.S. in 1848.

The region was named "Wyoming" in a bill introduced to Congress in 1865 to provide a temporary government for the territory of Wyoming. It had been used earlier by colonists for the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania, and is derived from the Lenape language Munsee word , meaning "at the big river flat".

Bills for Wyoming Territory's admission to the union were introduced in both the U.S. Senate and U.S. House of Representatives in December 1889. On March 27, 1890, the House passed the bill and President Benjamin Harrison signed Wyoming's statehood bill; Wyoming became the 44th state in the union.<ref name="WyoFacts"/>

Historically, European Americans farmed and ranched here, with shepherds and cattle ranchers in conflict over lands. Today Wyoming's economy is largely based on tourism and the extraction of minerals such as coal, natural gas, oil, and trona. Agricultural commodities include barley, hay, livestock, sugar beets, wheat, and wool. It was the first state to allow women the right to vote and the right to assume elected office, as well as the first state to elect a female governor. Due to this part of its history, its main nickname is "The Equality State" and its official state motto is "Equal Rights".

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Maryland to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. The state takes its name from the adjacent Delaware Bay, in turn named after Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, an English nobleman and Virginia's first colonial governor.

Delaware occupies the northeastern portion of the Delmarva Peninsula and some islands and territory within the Delaware River. It is the second-smallest and sixth-least populous state, but also the sixth-most densely populated. Delaware's largest city is Wilmington, while the state capital is Dover, the second-largest city in the state. The state is divided into three counties, having the lowest number of counties of any state; from north to south, they are New Castle County, Kent County, and Sussex County. While the southern two counties have historically been predominantly agricultural, New Castle is more urbanized, being part of the Delaware Valley Metropolitan Statistical Area centered on Philadelphia. Although included in the Southern United States by the Census Bureau, Delaware's geography, culture, and history combine elements of the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the country.

Before its coastline was explored by Europeans in the 16th century, Delaware was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans, including the Lenape in the north and Nanticoke in the south. It was initially colonized by Dutch traders at Zwaanendael, near the present town of Lewes, in 1631. Delaware was one of the Thirteen Colonies that took part in the American Revolution. On December 7, 1787, Delaware became the first state to ratify the Constitution of the United States, and has since been known as "The First State". Since the turn of the 20th century, Delaware is also a "de facto" onshore corporate haven, in which by virtue of its corporate laws, the state is the domicile of over half of all NYSE-listed business and over three-fifths of the "Fortune" 500.

U.S. state

Louisiana

Equality California

Equality California Equality California or EQCA is a non-profit civil rights organization that advocates for the rights of LGBT people in California. It is the largest statewide LGBT organization in the United States and the largest member of the Equality Federation. The organization is currently based in Los Angeles. Equality California is an umbrella organization for the Equality California Institute, a 501(c)(3) organization that conducts public education programs for members of the LGBT community and the general public, as well as for healthcare workers, educators and public policymakers; and Equality California, a 501(c)(4) that maintains three political action committees (PACs),

Equality California

in "United States v. Texas," calling for the lifting of injunctions on presidential executive orders DACA and DAPA; condemning votes by members of California's congressional delegation to tighten restrictions on Syrian refugees attempting to enter the United States; and advocating for healthcare coverage for California's undocumented immigrants, as well as educating healthcare professionals in the state's Central Valley and Inland Empire regions about the special healthcare needs of LGBT and undocumented populations. The California Alliance for Pride and Equality (CAPE) was founded in 1999, and the CAPE Foundation was launched in 2000 to expand education and outreach efforts. In 2003,

Transgender inequality

by the federal government. However, only legal in some states (California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, and District of Columbia). Another right that is restricted by State is gay couples trying to adopt, however if you are a single gay person you may adopt. Next the United States have allowed gays to serve openly in the military since 2011. There currently is no federal anti-discrimination laws for LGBT but there are 21 states that protect them and there is currently a bill passed in the US

Religious Liberty Accommodations Act

and its effects on Mississippians, particularly LGBT Mississippians. The backlash is similar to what North Carolina experienced after passing the widely controversial "bathroom bill". As of December 2, 2016, the states of California, Connecticut, Minnesota, New York, Vermont, and Washington, the District of Columbia, the counties of Dane (Wisconsin), Franklin (Ohio), Montgomery (Maryland), and Multnomah (Oregon), and the cities of Baltimore, Berkeley, Cincinnati, Dayton, Honolulu, Long Beach, Los Angeles, Miami Beach, New York City, Oakland, Philadelphia, Portland (Maine), Portland (Oregon), Providence, Salt Lake City,San Francisco, San Jose, Santa Fe, Seattle, Tampa, West Palm Beach, and Wilton Manors have all issued

Equality Act (United States)

bill was referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary, where it died. A nationwide and state-by-state poll on the issue conducted throughout 2017 by the Public Religion Research Institute as part of the annual "American Values Atlas" survey revealed that 70% of Americans, including a majority in all 50 states, supported laws that would protect lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people against discrimination, while 23% opposed such laws, and 8% had no opinion. In 2015, the Equality Act received support from Apple, Google, American Airlines, Facebook, General Mills, Levi Strauss & Co., and Nike. On November 10, 2015,

Equality Florida

Jacksonville, Dan has met with local politicians, small business owners, influential religious leaders, and corporate leaders. <br> Equality Florida Equality Florida is both a political advocacy group which advocates for civil rights and protections for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender residents of the U.S. state of Florida as well as a non-profit arm, "Equality Florida Institute." It was established in 1997 and has been headed since its inception by executive director Nadine Smith. Smith, a former award-winning journalist at the Tampa Tribune, served as one of the four national co-chairs on the 1993 March on Washington. After graduating high school,

Equality Mississippi

Equality Mississippi Equality Mississippi (originally known as Mississippi Gay Lobby) is a statewide LGBT civil rights organization founded March 2000 in Mississippi. The organization closed in December 2008 but reopened in April 2013. Equality Mississippi (EM) was founded in response to the murder of Jamie Ray Tolbert, a Laurel, Mississippi native and referred to as a friend by EM founder and executive director Jody Renaldo. Tolbert was a gay man visiting the now defunct gay nightclub Joey's On The Beach in Biloxi, Mississippi on New Year's Eve 1999. He was abducted from the bar's parking lot. His body was later

Equality Federation

services. The organization also works to create partnerships within and across regions. The Southern Cohort convenes annually at the Southern Leadership Summit to share best practices and form partnerships for working in the Southern United States. Similarly, the Midwest Cohort meets at the Midwest Leadership Summit to strategize for the Midwestern United States. The organization's policy program assists state-based organizations with their public policy advocacy efforts. The State Equality Fund (a philanthropic partnership that includes the Evelyn and Walter Haas, Jr. Fund, Ford Foundation, the Gill Foundation, and anonymous donors) works with the Equality Federation to build support for passage

Equality Illinois

John Cullerton, state Rep. Greg Harris, the late state Comptroller Dawn Clark Netsch, the late state Rep. Mark Beaubien Jr., state Sen. Heather Steans, U.S. Sen. Mark Kirk, the Chicago Urban League, entertainer Lea DeLaria, the TransLife Center of Chicago House and filmmaker Lana Wachowski. In 2005 Equality Illinois was inducted into the Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame. Equality Illinois' new logo was unveiled on January 14, 2016. The modern, bright logo represents refreshed vigor for the work of the next quarter century. The new slogan–UNTIL WE'RE ALL EQUAL–summarizes the LGBTQ organization's mission to "build a better Illinois

Equality Utah

Equality Utah Equality Utah is an American non-profit 501(c)(3) organization which is Utah's largest LGBT rights group based in Salt Lake City, Utah. The organization is a member of the Equality Federation. Equality Utah was founded in 2001 as Unity Utah and took its present name in 2004. In 2008, Equality Utah's Common Ground Initiative brought the group national attention. During the campaigns for and against California's 2008 Proposition 8, leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) made statements that the LDS Church "does not object to rights for same-sex couples regarding hospitalization and medical

Gender inequality in the United States

the government. The Equal Rights Amendment, which reads, "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex", was first introduced to Congress in 1923 and successfully passed both houses of Congress in 1972. However, it failed to be ratified by an adequate number of states and died in 1982. The United States is one of only a few countries which have not ratified the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (US has only signed the treaty). The World Economic

Gender identity under Title IX

2016, eleven states sued to the federal government in the Northern District of Texas in at attempt to overturn the Dear Colleague letter and other administration efforts to protect transgender students under Title IX. Joining lead plaintiff Texas were the states of Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, West Virginia and Wisconsin. In their complaint, the plaintiff states alleged that by "rewriting" Title IX to cover discrimination on the basis of gender identity, the federal government had "conspired to turn ... educational settings across the country into laboratories for a massive social experiment, flouting the democratic process,

Equality California

the organizations became Equality California, the Equality California Institute and Equality California Political Action Committee. During that time, the organization grew exponentially under the leadership of Executive Director Geoffrey Kors. In 2004, Equality California merged with Marriage Equality California in order to better coordinate efforts to pass marriage equality legislation in California. From Marriage Equality USA, EQCA subsumed both the local grassroots organizing chapters of MECA throughout California, as well as hiring their volunteer leadership to become the field staff. The new consolidated programs became a co-branded joint project of EQCA and MECA under the direction of Molly McKay and

EqualityMaine

the Equality Federation. EqualityMaine EqualityMaine (formerly the Maine Lesbian/Gay Political Alliance) is a political advocacy organization in Maine, United States. Founded in 1984 after the murder of Charlie Howard, it is the oldest and largest lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) organization in the state. In 2008, they were a primary opponent of an attempt to revoke an anti-discrimination law in Maine. In 2009, EqualityMaine was one of the main supporters of a push to recognize same-sex marriage in Maine. EqualityMaine's past executive director was Betsy Smith. On June 30, 2011, EqualityMaine and Gay & Lesbian Advocates & Defenders (GLAD)

Fair Wisconsin

in 2008, and in June 2009 its members voted to change the agency's name to Equality Wisconsin. A charitable arm, Equality Wisconsin Fund, was established in 2008. In 2009, Equality Wisconsin supported Governor Jim Doyle's domestic partner proposals in the state budget, and sought to educate the public about the new provisions available to gay and lesbian couples. Educational efforts in religious communities and Milwaukee's Latino community were also ongoing in 2009. In 2013 Equality Wisconsin merged with its Madison counterpart, Fair Wisconsin. The organization is now called Fair Wisconsin and is based in Madison. Recognition of same-sex unions in


Question: Which US State is nicknamed The Beaver State?

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North American beaver

an animal instead of a head of state. It is also the state animal of Oregon and New York of the United States, and a common school emblem for engineering schools, including the California Institute of Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the University of Alberta as well as the mascot for Oregon State University, Babson College, and the City College of New York. The beaver also appears in the coats of arms of the Hudson's Bay Company, University of Toronto, Wilfrid Laurier University, and the London School of Economics. Much of the early economy of New Netherland was

SS Beaver State (T-ACS-10)

SS Beaver State (T-ACS-10) SS "Beaver State" (T-ACS-10) is a crane ship in ready reserve for the United States Navy. The ship was named for the state of Oregon, which is also known as the "Beaver State". "Beaver State" was laid down on 13 April 1964, as the break-bulk freighter, SS "Mormacdraco, ON 299008, IMO 6507921, a Maritime Administration type (C6-S-60a) hull, under MARAD contract (MA 144). Built by Ingalls Shipbuilding Inc., Pascagoula, MS, hull no. 487, she was launched on 14 January 1965 and delivered to MARAD 28 May 1965, for service with Moore-McCormack Lines. In 1976 the ship

SS Beaver State (T-ACS-10)

2009. SS Beaver State (T-ACS-10) SS "Beaver State" (T-ACS-10) is a crane ship in ready reserve for the United States Navy. The ship was named for the state of Oregon, which is also known as the "Beaver State". "Beaver State" was laid down on 13 April 1964, as the break-bulk freighter, SS "Mormacdraco, ON 299008, IMO 6507921, a Maritime Administration type (C6-S-60a) hull, under MARAD contract (MA 144). Built by Ingalls Shipbuilding Inc., Pascagoula, MS, hull no. 487, she was launched on 14 January 1965 and delivered to MARAD 28 May 1965, for service with Moore-McCormack Lines. In 1976 the

Beaver Stadium

side of the stadium, while playing "Fight On, State." This is known as the "trademark drill" of the Blue Band. Beaver Stadium Beaver Stadium is an outdoor college football stadium in University Park, Pennsylvania, United States, on the campus of Pennsylvania State University. It is home to the Penn State Nittany Lions of the Big Ten Conference since 1960, though some parts of the stadium date back to 1909. The stadium, as well as its predecessors, is named after James A. Beaver, a former governor of Pennsylvania (1887–91) and president of the university's board of trustees. Beaver Stadium has an

Oregon State Beavers

commonly referred to as "Beaver Nation" by the media and are credited with giving the Beavers a great home field/court advantage at all of OSU's sporting events. Reser Stadium, Gill Coliseum, and Goss Stadium at Coleman Field are regularly filled by fans dressed in the school colors, creating an intimidating sea of orange and black that loudly cheer on the Beavers. Beaver Nation has also developed a very attractive reputation for "traveling well" to support its various teams, with large numbers of orange and black clad fans following the Beavers to away games, bowl games, and tournaments. Some of the

List of U.S. state and territory nicknames

The following is a table of U.S. state, federal district and territory nicknames, including officially adopted nicknames and other traditional nicknames for the 50 U.S. states, the U.S. federal district, as well as five U.S. territories.

Oregon

Oregon

Oregon () is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho. The 42° north parallel delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada.

Oregon has been home to many indigenous nations for thousands of years. The first European traders, explorers, and settlers began exploring what is now Oregon's Pacific coast in the early-mid 16th century. As early as 1564, the Spanish began sending vessels northeast from the Philippines, riding the Kuroshio Current in a sweeping circular route across the northern part of the Pacific. In 1592, Juan de Fuca undertook detailed mapping and studies of ocean currents in the Pacific Northwest, including the Oregon coast as well as the strait now bearing his name. Spanish ships – 250 in as many years – would typically not land before reaching Cape Mendocino in California, but some landed or wrecked in what is now Oregon. Nehalem tales recount strangers and the discovery of items like chunks of beeswax and a lidded silver vase, likely connected to the 1707 wreck of the "San Francisco Xavier".

In 1843, an autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Country, and the Oregon Territory was created in 1848. Oregon became the 33rd state of the U.S. on February 14, 1859. Today, with 4 million people over , Oregon is the ninth largest and 27th most populous U.S. state. The capital, Salem, is the second-most populous city in Oregon, with 169,798 residents. Portland, with 647,805, ranks as the 26th among U.S. cities. The Portland metropolitan area, which also includes the city of Vancouver, Washington, to the north, ranks the 25th largest metro area in the nation, with a population of 2,453,168.

Oregon is one of the most geographically diverse states in the U.S., marked by volcanoes, abundant bodies of water, dense evergreen and mixed forests, as well as high deserts and semi-arid shrublands. At , Mount Hood, a stratovolcano, is the state's highest point. Oregon's only national park, Crater Lake National Park, comprises the caldera surrounding Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the United States. The state is also home to the single largest organism in the world, "Armillaria ostoyae", a fungus that runs beneath of the Malheur National Forest.

Because of its diverse landscapes and waterways, Oregon's economy is largely powered by various forms of agriculture, fishing, and hydroelectric power. Oregon is also the top lumber producer of the contiguous United States, with the lumber industry dominating the state's economy during the 20th century.

List of Oregon state symbols

List of Oregon state symbols

The U.S. state of Oregon has 27 official emblems, as designated by the Oregon State Legislature. Most of the symbols are listed in Title 19, Chapter 186 of the Oregon Revised Statutes (2011 edition). Oregon's first symbol was the motto "Alis Volat Propriis", written and translated in 1854. Latin for "She Flies With Her Own Wings", the motto remained unchanged until 1957, when "The Union" became the official state motto. "Alis Volat Propriis" became the state motto once again in 1987. Originally designed in 1857, usage of the Oregon State Seal began after Oregon became the 33rd state of the United States on February 14, 1859. The motto and seal served as Oregon's only symbols until over 50 years later, when the Oregon-grape became the state flower in 1899. Oregon had six official symbols by 1950 and 22 symbols by 2000. The newest symbol of Oregon is brewer's yeast, declared the state microbe in 2013.

While some of the symbols are unique to Oregon, others are used by multiple states. For example, the North American beaver is also the state animal of New York, and the Chinook salmon (sometimes known as the king salmon) is also the state fish of Alaska. The square dance and milk are commonly used state dances and state beverages, respectively.

Oregon State Beavers

Oregon State Beavers

The Oregon State Beavers are the athletic teams that represent Oregon State University, located in Corvallis, Oregon. The Beavers compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) for college football) level as a member of the Pac-12 Conference. Oregon State's mascot is Benny the Beaver. Both the men's and women's teams share the name, competing in 7 NCAA Division I men's sports and 9 NCAA Division I women's sports respectively. The official colors for the athletics department are Beaver Orange (Pantone 165), black, and white.

The primary rivals of the Beavers are the Oregon Ducks of the University of Oregon, located south of the Oregon State campus in Eugene, Oregon. The football rivalry between the Beavers and Ducks, once known as the Civil War, was one of the longest-running in the country, having been contested 123 times through the 2019 season. Other regional rivals include the Washington Huskies and Washington State Cougars.

As of June 2018, the Beavers have won one pre-NCAA team national championship and four NCAA team national championships. The 1926 wrestling team won the Amateur Athletic Union national championship, the 1961 men's Cross-country team won the NCAA title, and most recently the baseball team won the 2006, 2007 College World Series and 2018 College World Series. Other notable performances include a second-place finish in the 1973 and 1995 NCAA wrestling finals, two Final Four appearances by the men's basketball team, one Final Four appearance by the women's basketball team, the football team defeating Notre Dame by a 32-point margin in the 2001 Fiesta Bowl (and finishing the season ranked #4 in the polls), seven appearances in the College World Series by the baseball program, and several individual NCAA championship titles in gymnastics, wrestling, and track & field.

Kentucky

Kentucky

Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the northeast, Virginia to the east, Tennessee to the south, and Missouri to the west. Its northern border is defined by the Ohio River. Its capital is Frankfort, and its two largest cities are Louisville and Lexington. Its population was approximately 4.5 million in 2020.

Kentucky was admitted into the Union as the 15th state on June 1, 1792, splitting from Virginia in the process. It is known as the "Bluegrass State", a nickname based on Kentucky bluegrass, a species of green grass found in many of its pastures, which has supported the thoroughbred horse industry in the center of the state. Historically, it was known for excellent farming conditions for this reason and the development of large tobacco plantations akin to those in Virginia and North Carolina in the central and western parts of the state with the use of enslaved labor during the Antebellum South and Civil War period. Kentucky ranks 5th nationally in goat farming, 8th in beef cattle production, and 14th in corn production. Kentucky has also been a long-standing major center of the tobacco industry. Today, Kentucky's economy has expanded to importance in non-agricuIturaI sectors, including auto manufacturing, energy fuel production, and medical facilities. The state ranks 4th among US states in the number of automobiles and trucks assembled.

The state is home to the world's longest cave system in Mammoth Cave National Park, as well as the greatest length of navigable waterways and streams in the contiguous United States, and the two largest man-made lakes east of the Mississippi River. Kentucky is also known for its culture, which includes horse racing, bourbon, moonshine, coal, "My Old Kentucky Home" historic state park, automobile manufacturing, tobacco, bluegrass music, college basketball, Louisville Slugger baseball bats, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and the Kentucky colonel.

Oregon

Tourism Commission, present-day Oregonians pronounce the state's name as "or-uh-gun, never or-ee-gone". After being drafted by the Detroit Lions in 2002, former Oregon Ducks quarterback Joey Harrington distributed "Orygun" stickers to members of the media as a reminder of how to pronounce the name of his home state. The stickers are sold by the University of Oregon Bookstore. Oregon is north to south at longest distance, and east to west at longest distance. With an area of , Oregon is slightly larger than the United Kingdom. It is the ninth largest state in the United States. Oregon's highest point is

Oregon State Beavers

Oregon State Beavers The Oregon State Beavers are the athletic teams that represent Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon. The Beavers compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) for college football) level as a member of the Pac-12 Conference. Oregon State's mascot is Benny the Beaver. Both the men's and women's teams share the name, competing in 7 NCAA Division I men's sports and 10 NCAA Division I women's sports respectively. The primary rivals of the Beavers are the Oregon Ducks of the University of Oregon, located south of the Oregon State campus

Washington (state)

this nickname. The state song is "Washington, My Home", the state bird is the American goldfinch, the state fruit is the apple, and the state vegetable is the Walla Walla sweet onion. The state dance, adopted in 1979, is the square dance. The state tree is the western hemlock. The state flower is the coast rhododendron. The state fish is the steelhead. The state folk song is "Roll On, Columbia, Roll On" by Woody Guthrie. The unofficial, but popularly accepted, state rock song is Louie Louie. The state grass is bluebunch wheatgrass. The state insect is the green darner dragonfly.

Penn State Beaver

T-shirts. Beaverfest is held annually during the last week of classes for the spring semester. Penn State Beaver Penn State Beaver is a commonwealth campus of Pennsylvania State University located in Center Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States. The land where the campus now exists was once a farm owned by the Hartenbach family. The family home still stands today and faces Brodhead Road, and the barn once stood on the present site of the Brodhead Cultural Center's amphitheater. The main part of the campus’s grounds has served multiple purposes throughout the years. One of its main functions was as

Benny Beaver

beaver as the university's official mascot. The popularity of the beaver was also shared by students at University of Oregon. For several early publishings, students at this school also used "The Beaver" as their yearbook's title. Oregon State University's first documented use of "Benny Beaver" was found in a photograph showing students posing next to a statue of a beaver inscribed with the name "Benny Beaver." The photograph appears in the 1942 edition of the yearbook. Prior to the beaver, Oregon State's mascot was an individual known as John Richard Newton Bell (1893–1928). A longtime member of the university's board

Benny Beaver

of regents, Bell became hugely popular among the students for his ritual of marching to the Marys River after each of Oregon State's Civil War victories. He was said to have tossed his top hat into the water as a token of celebration. Earlier mascots include "Jimmie" the Coyote (1892–1893) and "Bulldog" (1906–1910, unofficial and for specific teams only, such as the Wrestling squad). The beaver mascot's name, "Benny," was officially adopted in 1945. Two failed attempts to maintain a live beaver mascot include Bevo Beaver (rescued from Mary's River in 1921 and later stolen ) and Billy Beaver (made

Beaver Stadium

was trademarked by the franchise during their time as the Winnipeg Jets, the "White House" moniker was invented to remind the crowd that everyone, and not just the student section, was to wear white. The newly christened "White House" was also deemed a success, as nearly every Penn State fan in attendance wore white, and the Lions won, 31–10. In 2008, the White House was met with similar success, a 38–24 win over Illinois. Zombie Nation is a tradition carried out by the Nittany Lions usually after a big play. Zombie Nation is when the entire Penn State crowd jumps

Pennsylvania

to the South (producing feed, fiber, food, and tobacco). Another one of Pennsylvania's nicknames is the "Quaker" "State"; in colonial times, it was known officially as the "Quaker Province", in recognition of Quaker William Penn's "First Frame of Government" constitution for Pennsylvania that guaranteed liberty of conscience. He knew of the hostility Quakers faced when they opposed religious ritual, taking oaths, violence, war and military service, and what they viewed as ostentatious frippery. "The Coal State", "The Oil State", "The Chocolate State", and "The Steel State" were adopted when those were the state's greatest industries. "The State of Independence" currently

Beaver River (Pennsylvania)

was either named for King Beaver (Tamaqua) of the Delaware nation that had migrated to the area in the late 1740s, or for the animal itself. Until the partition of Lawrence County from parts of Beaver and Mercer County in 1849, the river was entirely located in Beaver County, with its upstream terminus being at the border between Beaver and Mercer County from 1800-1849. Beaver River (Pennsylvania) The Beaver River is a tributary of the Ohio River in Western Pennsylvania in the United States with a length of approximately 21 mi (34 km). It flows through a historically important coal-producing

History of Oregon State Beavers football

serve as the Beavers best between the 1914 and 2000 seasons. In 1927, Oregon Agricultural College became Oregon State Agricultural College, and the Oregon State Beavers were born. Oregon State started 1-2 under the new moniker. Game four was at home against Washington State, a 13-6 victory. This marked the last time that John Richard Newton Bell threw his top hat into the Willamette River, which he had done after every Beaver victory in Corvallis since 1894. The Beavers then split the next two games, beating Oregon and losing to Idaho. Their final game was against Carnegie Tech in a

James A. Beaver

president on James Garfield's Republican ticket). He lost to Robert Pattison, but, because the new state constitution of 1874 prohibited governors from serving multiple consecutive terms, Beaver ran again and served as governor for the four years between Pattison's two non-consecutive terms. In 1895, he was appointed as one of the judges of the first state Superior Court, and office he held until his death in 1914. He was buried in Union Cemetery in Bellefonte. He was a prominent member of the Grand Army of the Republic. Beaver Stadium and Beaver Hall, located on the University Park campus of Pennsylvania

State College, Pennsylvania

Center. Beaver Stadium is an outdoor college football stadium in University Park, Pennsylvania, United States, on the campus of Pennsylvania State University. It is home to the Penn State Nittany Lions of the Big Ten Conference since 1960. Beaver Stadium has an official seating capacity of 106,572, making it currently the second largest stadium in the Western Hemisphere and the third largest in the world. Rothrock State Forest: The Mount Nittany Bicycling Association (NMBA) is active at maintaining and adding trails through the local state forest. There are miles of trails through Rothrock State Forest most of which are challenging

North American beaver

based on the beaver fur trade. As such, the seal of New Netherland featured the beaver; likewise, the coats of arms of Albany, New York and New York City included the beaver. North American beaver The North American beaver ("Castor canadensis") is one of two extant beaver species. It is native to North America and introduced to Patagonia in South America and some European countries (e.g. Finland). In the United States and Canada, the species is often referred to simply as "beaver", though this causes some confusion because another distantly related rodent, "Aplodontia rufa", is often called the "mountain beaver".

USS Henry T. Allen (APA-15)

changed plans from troop transports to completion as passenger ships. At some point "Wenatchee" may have been assigned the name "Beaver State" by USSB in conformance with the majority of the ships of the design but the three ships begun as Army transports when the design changed to passenger-cargo ships remained the only ones not formally assigned the state nicknames. "Wenatchee" was launched 24 May 1919 and completed during February 1921, the first of the group to be finished. The ship departed New York 12 March 1921 for Seattle, Washington to be the third USSB "535" for the Pacific and

Montana

"Maiasaura" as the state fossil in 1985. Various community civic groups also played a role in selecting the state grass and the state gemstones. When broadcaster Norma Ashby discovered there was no state fish, she initiated a drive via her television show, "Today in Montana", and an informal citizen's election to select a state fish resulted in a win for the blackspotted cutthroat trout after hot competition from the Arctic grayling. The legislature in turn adopted this recommendation by a wide margin. Montana Montana () is a state in the Northwestern United States. Montana has several nicknames, although none are