Question: "Who was known as the ""Moses of her people"" for leading escaped slaves to freedom during the US Civil War?"

harrit tubman
harriet taubman
hariet tubman
harriet tubman
Hariet Tubman
Harriet (Araminta) Ross Tubman
nelson davis
Araminta Ross
Harriet Tubman
araminta ross
Hariet tubman
moses of her people
Harrit tubman
Harriet Taubman
harriet ross tubman
Harriet Ross Tubman
harriet araminta ross tubman
Moses of her people
Nelson Davis

Moses

in 1865 after the passage of the amendment to the Constitution outlawing slavery, Black Americans said they had lost "their Moses". Lincoln biographer Charles Carleton Coffin writes, "The millions whom Abraham Lincoln delivered from slavery will ever liken him to Moses, the deliverer of Israel." Similarly, Harriet Tubman, who rescued approximately seventy enslaved family and friends, was also described as the "Moses" of her people. In the 1960s, a leading figure in the civil rights movement was Martin Luther King Jr., who was called "a modern Moses," and often referred to Moses in his speeches: "The struggle of Moses, the

Moses Roper

Moses Roper Moses Roper (c. 1815 – April 15, 1891) was a mulatto slave who wrote one of the major early books about life as a slave in the United States, "Narrative of the Adventures and Escape of Moses Roper from American Slavery". Moses was born around 1815 in Caswell County, North Carolina. His father, Henry Roper, a farmer of English ancestry, was also his master. Nancy, his mother, was a slave of African-American and American Indian descent whose mistress was Henry Roper's new wife. Mrs. Roper sent a relative of Nancy’s to discover if her husband had been unfaithful

Harriet, the Woman Called Moses

based on episodes in the life of Harriet Tubman. Born into slavery in Dorchester County, Maryland, Tubman escaped in 1849. She subsequently returned to Maryland on multiple missions to rescue other enslaved families and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. The abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison named her "Moses", alluding to the Biblical Moses who led the Hebrews to freedom from Egypt. According to Musgrave, she first had the idea of composing an opera for black singers in 1980 when her husband, Peter Mark, the general director of Virginia Opera, was auditioning

Harriet, the Woman Called Moses

were left behind in Maryland calling, "Moses! Moses! Lead us out of bondage!" She is transported back in time and relives the experiences on the plantation which led to her escape, including the attempt by Preston, the plantation owner's son, to seduce her, and her love for fellow slave Josiah. When she awakens, she vows to return to the South and help free her people. Act 2 As the act opens Harriet is now an experienced conductor on the Underground Railroad and has led numerous slaves to freedom. In Maryland she is suspected of being the man named "Moses" who

A Woman Called Moses

A Woman Called Moses A Woman Called Moses is a television miniseries based on the life of Harriet Tubman, the escaped African American slave who helped to organize the Underground Railroad, and who led dozens of African Americans from enslavement in the Southern United States to freedom in the Northern states and Canada. Narrated by Orson Welles, the production was broadcast on the NBC television network on December 11 and 12, 1978. Tubman was portrayed by Cicely Tyson. The soundtrack music was by Coleridge-Taylor Perkinson and soul music composer/arranger/singer Van McCoy contributed some music to the series, which was featured

Fugitive slaves in the United States

from her master’s plantation in 1849. Between 1850 and 1860, she returned to the South numerous times to help parties of other slaves to freedom, guiding them through the lands she knew well. She aided an estimated 300 persons to escape from slavery, including her parents. During this time, there were numerous bounties on her head throughout the south, payable to anyone who could capture her and bring her back to slavery. Many people called her the "Moses of her people." During the American Civil War, Harriet Tubman also worked as a spy and as a nurse at Port Royal,

Moses Dickson

Moses Dickson Moses Dickson (1824-1901) was an American abolitionist, soldier, minister and founder of the secret organization The Knights of Liberty which planned a slave uprising in the United States and helped African-American enslaved people to freedom through the Underground Railroad. He also founded the black self-help organization The International Order of Twelve Knights and Daughters of Tabor and was a co-founder of Lincoln University. Moses Dickson was born free in Cincinnati, Ohio, on April 5, 1824. His father, Robert, died when he was eight, and his mother, Hannah, died when he was fourteen. He had five sisters and three

Moses Dickson

mother and daughter being sold on the auction block in New Orleans and then arranging for their escape by having them "stolen", dressing them as boys, and getting them hired onto a steamer upriver and finally to freedom in Canada. Another man was helped to escape by putting him into a wooden box and shipping him out of Charleston, SC. After his escape to the north, the man called himself Henry "Box" Brown, attended Harvard University, and published a memoir, A Life in Slavery and Freedom. During the Civil War, the Knights disbanded and many of their members, including Dickson,

Raphael J. Moses

as the neighborhood of Benning Hills in Columbus, Georgia. He owned fifty slaves in 1850 and sixty slaves by 1860. He pioneered the commercial growing of peaches on his plantation, becoming of the first merchants to ship them to the North (New York City) in 1851. To preserve the peaches during shipping, he used champagne baskets instead of pulverized charcoals. In the late 1850s, he became an outspoken proponent of secession. During the American Civil War of 1861-1865, he served as the chief commissary officer for Generals Robert Toombs (1810-1885) and James Longstreet (1821-1904) in the Confederate States Army (CSA).

Moses Grandy

obtained his freedom, he worked to make the money to free his wife and children. He was able to secure the release of his wife and 15-year-old son. He dictated a narrative of his life, "Narrative of the Life of Moses Grandy, Late a Slave in the United States of America", with the intention of buying the freedom of additional family members. His slave narrative, and others, read in the United States and overseas, helped to bring awareness of slavery and fuel the abolitionist movement. In the late 1700s, Moses Grandy was born in Camden County, North Carolina, into slavery.

Moses Wilkinson

Moses Wilkinson Moses "Daddy" Wilkinson or "Old Moses" (c. 1746/47 – ?) was an African-American slave and Wesleyan Methodist preacher in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone. Moses Wilkinson was a blind and lame slave from Nansemond County, Virginia; his master was Mills Wilkinson. After Dunmore's Proclamation promised slaves of American rebels their freedom if they would join the British forces fighting in the American Revolutionary War, Wilkinson led a band of runaway slaves to freedom in 1776. In New York, the self-appointed, illiterate, fiery Wesleyan Methodist preacher gathered together a congregation. When the British were defeated in 1783, Wilkinson and

Harriet Tubman

relatives with her out of the state, and eventually guided dozens of other slaves to freedom. Traveling by night and in extreme secrecy, Tubman (or "Moses", as she was called) "never lost a passenger". After the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was passed, she helped guide fugitives farther north into British North America, and helped newly freed slaves find work. Tubman met the abolitionist John Brown in 1858, and helped him plan and recruit supporters for the raid on Harpers Ferry. When the Civil War began, Tubman worked for the Union Army, first as a cook and nurse, and then

Moses Grandy

and Grandy returned to the safer north to earn the money for their freedom. While there, he earned the affection of people who found "his benevolence, affection, kindness of heart, and elasticity of spirit are truly remarkable," according to white abolitionist George Thompson. To earn the money for their freedom, he recounted his life story, including the emotional and physical torment, which was published and sold. To fellow African Americans he stated his beliefs that the whites who had harmed his family and other slaves would face judgment of God in the afterlife. The family members that Grandy wanted to

Harriet Tubman

to the next friendly house. Given her familiarity with the woods and marshes of the region, Tubman during the day likely hid in these locales. Tubman only later described her routes because other fugitive slaves used them. Particulars of her first journey remain shrouded in secrecy. She crossed into Pennsylvania with a feeling of relief and awe, and recalled the experience years later: In honor of her courageous efforts to rescue family and friends from slavery, abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison named her "Moses", alluding to the prophet in the Book of Exodus who led the Hebrews to freedom from Egypt.

Moses Roper

was suffering from "a complication of diseases of the heart and kidneys and also from eczema" which caused his death on April 15, 1891. His dog had to be dragged away from his bedside. Moses Roper Moses Roper (c. 1815 – April 15, 1891) was a mulatto slave who wrote one of the major early books about life as a slave in the United States, "Narrative of the Adventures and Escape of Moses Roper from American Slavery". Moses was born around 1815 in Caswell County, North Carolina. His father, Henry Roper, a farmer of English ancestry, was also his master.

Solomon Northup

helped researchers document the history of slavery in the District of Columbia. Solomon Northup Solomon Northup (July 10, 1807 or 1808 – ) was an American abolitionist and the primary author of the memoir "Twelve Years a Slave". A free-born African American from New York, he was the son of a freed slave and a free woman of color. A farmer and a professional violinist, Northup had been a landowner in Hebron, New York. In 1841, he was offered a traveling musician's job and went to Washington, D.C. (where slavery was legal); there he was drugged, kidnapped, and sold as

Raphael J. Moses

Confederate soldiers. His three sons served in the CSA as well. After the war, he returned to law practice in Columbus, Georgia. He was, however, greatly impoverished by the Confederate defeat, as his wealth plummeted from $55,000 in 1860 to $35,000 in 1870. Moreover, fifty-nine of his sixty slaves left his plantation. He had a dispute with William Hugh Young (1838–1901) and lobbied against Eagle & Phenix, Young's business vehicle. Additionally, he became an outspoken critic of the Republican-led Reconstruction efforts in Georgia and the South. He was later elected to the Georgia House of Representatives and served as Chair

A Woman Called Moses

on a soundtrack album released by MCA Records. The miniseries was first released on VHS on September 29, 1992, followed by a DVD release on February 3, 2001. A Woman Called Moses A Woman Called Moses is a television miniseries based on the life of Harriet Tubman, the escaped African American slave who helped to organize the Underground Railroad, and who led dozens of African Americans from enslavement in the Southern United States to freedom in the Northern states and Canada. Narrated by Orson Welles, the production was broadcast on the NBC television network on December 11 and 12, 1978.

Egyptomania

African Americans had long used the biblical Exodus narrative to encode their right and desire for freedom, as the well-known spiritual "Go down, Moses" still testifies. David Walker's "Appeal" (1829) places this biblical story of liberation in tension with the assertion that the Pharaohs were black as well. The prominent black abolitionists James McCune Smith and Frederick Douglass countered white ethnography directly, as for example in Douglass' "Claims of the Negro Ethnologically Considered" (1854), drawing from findings of earlier European ethnologists such as James Prichard. At the turn of the 20th century, W. E. B. Du Bois shaped the concept

Moses Wright Hannon

Moses Wright Hannon Moses Wright Hannon (December 14, 1827 – June 3, 1897) was a Confederate States Army colonel during the American Civil War. In August 1864, he was assigned to duty as an acting brigadier general by General John Bell Hood, subject to appointment by Confederate President Jefferson Davis and confirmation by the Confederate Senate. Although Hannon commanded a brigade in the cavalry corps of the Army of Tennessee and in Major General Joseph Wheeler's cavalry corps from June 1864 until the end of the war, he never was officially appointed by Jefferson Davis and confirmed by the Confederate


Question: How many US states border Lake Superior?

Superior National Forest

Superior National Forest Superior National Forest, part of the United States National Forest system, is located in the Arrowhead Region of the state of Minnesota between the Canada–United States border and the north shore of Lake Superior. The area is part of the greater Boundary Waters region along the border of Minnesota and the Canadian province of Ontario, a historic and important thoroughfare in the fur trading and exploring days of New France and British North America. Under the administration of the United States Forest Service, the Superior National Forest comprises over 3,900,000 acres (6,100 mi or 16,000 km) of

Geography of Ontario

also shares borders with several U.S. states. From west to east, the Minnesota border consists of the Lake of the Woods, Rainy River, Rainy Lake and its tributaries. The border then includes the only 1 km of land of its entire 2,700 km U.S. border, the Height of Land Portage, which divides Arctic Ocean and Nelson River watershed from that of the St Lawrence River and the Atlantic Ocean. The U.S./Minnesota border then follows tributaries of the Pigeon River to its mouth at Lake Superior. Ontario borders Michigan across Lake Superior, the Saint Mary's River, Lake Huron, the St. Clair

Boundary Waters

Boundary Waters The Boundary Waters, also called the Quetico-Superior country, is a region of wilderness straddling the Canada–United States border between Ontario and Minnesota, in the region just west of Lake Superior. This region is part of the Superior National Forest in northeastern Minnesota, and in Canada it includes La Verendrye and Quetico Provincial Parks in Ontario. Voyageurs National Park in Minnesota may also be considered part of the Boundary Waters. The name "Boundary Waters" is often used in the U.S. to refer specifically to the U.S. Wilderness Area protecting its southern extent, the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. The

Great Lakes

of the lakes: Ontario does not border Lake Michigan, and Michigan does not border Lake Ontario. New York and Wisconsin's jurisdictions extend into two lakes, and each of the remaining states into one of the lakes. As the surfaces of Lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan, and Erie are all approximately the same elevation above sea level, while Lake Ontario is significantly lower, and because the Niagara Escarpment precludes all natural navigation, the four upper lakes are commonly called the "upper great lakes". This designation, however, is not universal. Those living on the shore of Lake Superior often refer to all the

Ontario

and Quebec to the east and northeast, and to the south by the U.S. states of (from west to east) Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. Almost all of Ontario's border with the United States follows inland waterways: from the west at Lake of the Woods, eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/Saint Lawrence River drainage system. These are the Rainy River, the Pigeon River, Lake Superior, the St. Marys River, Lake Huron, the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, the Detroit River, Lake Erie, the Niagara River, Lake Ontario and along the St. Lawrence

Lake Superior

Lake Superior

Lake Superior in central North America is the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area and the third-largest by volume, holding 10% of the world's surface fresh water. The northern and westernmost of the Great Lakes of North America, it straddles the Canada–United States border with the province of Ontario to the north and east, and the states of Minnesota to the northwest and Wisconsin and Michigan to the south. It drains into Lake Huron via St. Marys River, then through the lower Great Lakes to the St. Lawrence River and the Atlantic Ocean.

Canada–United States border

Canada–United States border

The border between Canada and the United States is the longest international border in the world. The terrestrial boundary (including boundaries in the Great Lakes, Atlantic, and Pacific coasts) is long. The land border has two sections: Canada's border with the contiguous United States to its south, and with the U.S. state of Alaska to its west. The bi-national International Boundary Commission deals with matters relating to marking and maintaining the boundary, and the International Joint Commission deals with issues concerning boundary waters. The agencies currently responsible for facilitating legal passage through the international boundary are the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP).

Great Lakes

Great Lakes

The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. There are five lakes, which are Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario and are in general on or near the Canada–United States border. Hydrologically, lakes Michigan and Huron are a single body joined at the Straits of Mackinac. The Great Lakes Waterway enables modern travel and shipping by water among the lakes.

The Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area and are second-largest by total volume, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is , and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is , slightly less than the volume of Lake Baikal (, 22–23% of the world's surface fresh water). Because of their sea-like characteristics, such as rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons, the five Great Lakes have long been called inland seas. Depending on how it is measured, by surface area, either Lake Superior or Lake Michigan-Huron is the second-largest lake in the world and the largest freshwater lake. Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country.

The Great Lakes began to form at the end of the Last Glacial Period around 14,000 years ago, as retreating ice sheets exposed the basins they had carved into the land, which then filled with meltwater. The lakes have been a major source for transportation, migration, trade, and fishing, serving as a habitat to many aquatic species in a region with much biodiversity. The surrounding region is called the Great Lakes region, which includes the Great Lakes Megalopolis.

International border states of the United States

The international border states are those states in the U.S. that border either the Bahamas, Canada, Cuba, Mexico, or Russia. With a total of eighteen of such states, thirteen lie on the U.S.–Canada border, four on the U.S.–Mexico border, and one consists of a maritime borders with Cuba and The Bahamas.

Boundary Waters

Boundary Waters

The Boundary Waters, also called the Quetico-Superior Country, is a region of wilderness straddling the Canada–United States border between Ontario and Minnesota, in the area just west of Lake Superior. While "Boundary Waters" is a common name for this region, the two nations also share extensive "boundary waters" along their border, beyond this region. This region is part of the Superior National Forest in northeastern Minnesota, and in Canada it includes La Verendrye and Quetico Provincial Parks in Ontario. Voyageurs National Park in Minnesota may also be considered part of the Boundary Waters. The name "Boundary Waters" is often used in the U.S. to refer specifically to the U.S. Wilderness Area protecting its southern extent, the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness.

The Boundary Waters region is characterized by a vast network of waterways and bogs within a glacially-carved landscape of Precambrian bedrock covered in thin soils and boreal forests. The Boundary Waters is a popular destination for recreationalists pursuing camping, canoeing, and fishing as well as for those simply looking for natural scenery and relaxation. The area is one of several distinct regions of Minnesota.

Boundary Waters

Superior National Forest, Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Voyageurs National Park and Grand Portage National Monument. Protected areas in Ontario include Quetico and La Verendrye provincial parks. Boundary Waters The Boundary Waters, also called the Quetico-Superior country, is a region of wilderness straddling the Canada–United States border between Ontario and Minnesota, in the region just west of Lake Superior. This region is part of the Superior National Forest in northeastern Minnesota, and in Canada it includes La Verendrye and Quetico Provincial Parks in Ontario. Voyageurs National Park in Minnesota may also be considered part of the Boundary Waters. The name

Lake Superior

islands include Madeline Island in the state of Wisconsin, Michipicoten Island in the province of Ontario, and Grand Island (the location of the Grand Island National Recreation Area) in the state of Michigan. The larger cities on Lake Superior include the twin ports of Duluth, Minnesota and Superior, Wisconsin; Thunder Bay, Ontario; Marquette, Michigan; and the twin cities of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Duluth-Superior, at the western end of Lake Superior, is the most inland point on the St. Lawrence Seaway and the most inland port in the world. Among the scenic places on the

United States Lake Survey

it was called upon to study the effect the diversion would have. On 4 March 1911, its jurisdiction was expanded to include the New York State Barge Canal System and the areas between Lake Superior and Lake of the Woods, which included the Boundary Waters. After several other expansions, in 1914, it became responsible for "an inland waterway system extending nearly halfway across the continental United States". During World War I, the Lake Survey printed recruiting posters, charts and maps for the areas outside the Great Lakes, and other items requested by the War Department. By the end of 1918,

Michigan

Superior. It has more public golf courses, registered boats and lighthouses than any other state. The state is bounded on the south by the states of Ohio and Indiana, sharing land and water boundaries with both. Michigan's western boundaries are almost entirely water boundaries, from south to north, with Illinois and Wisconsin in Lake Michigan; then a land boundary with Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula, that is principally demarcated by the Menominee and Montreal Rivers; then water boundaries again, in Lake Superior, with Wisconsin and Minnesota to the west, capped around by the Canadian province of Ontario to the north

Canada–United States border

latitude. That parallel had been established in the 1760s as the boundary between the provinces of Quebec and New York (including what later became the state of Vermont). It was surveyed and marked by John Collins and Thomas Valentine from 1771 to 1773. The Saint Lawrence River and the Great Lakes became the boundary further west (between what is now Ontario and the United States). Northwest of Lake Superior, the boundary followed rivers to the Lake of the Woods. From the Lake of the Woods, the boundary was agreed to go straight west until it met the Mississippi River. In

History of Minnesota

of 1818, which set the U.S.–Canada border at the 49th parallel west of the Lake of the Woods (except for a small chunk of land now dubbed the Northwest Angle). Border disputes east of the Lake of the Woods continued until the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842. Throughout the first half of the 19th century, the northeastern portion of the state was a part of the Northwest Territory, then the Illinois Territory, then the Michigan Territory, and finally the Wisconsin Territory. The western and southern areas of the state, although theoretically part of the Wisconsin Territory from its creation in 1836,

Borders of Canada

border briefly enters the Lake of the Woods, turns north at 48°59′N, 95°09′W, continues into land along the western end of Minnesota's Northwest Angle, and continues into Ontario at 49°23′N, 95°09′W. This border, going from west to east, is shared with the U.S. states of North Dakota and Minnesota. The border begins at the northwesternmost point of Minnesota's Northwest Angle 49°23′N, 95°09′W, and proceeds in an easterly direction through the Angle Inlet into the Lake of the Woods. At 41°19′N, 94°48′W in the Lake of the Woods, the border turns to a southerly direction, and continues into the Rainy River.

Canada–United States border

Canada–United States border The Canada–United States border (), officially known as the International Boundary (), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second- and fourth-largest countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is long, of which is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan,

Canada–United States border

present-day Ontario and Minnesota between Lake Superior and the Northwest Angle was also redefined. An 1844 boundary dispute during U.S. President James K. Polk's administration led to a call for the northern boundary of the U.S. west of the Rockies to be latitude 54° 40' north (related to the southern boundary of Russia's Alaska Territory), but the United Kingdom wanted a border that followed the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. The dispute was resolved in the Oregon Treaty of 1846, which established the 49th parallel as the boundary through the Rockies. The Northwest Boundary Survey (1857–1861) laid out the

Lake Superior

Lake Superior Lake Superior (; ), the largest of the Great Lakes of North America, is also the world's largest freshwater lake by surface area, and the third largest freshwater lake by volume. The lake is shared by the Canadian province of Ontario to the north, the U.S. state of Minnesota to the west, and Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to the south. The farthest north and west of the Great Lakes chain, Superior has the highest elevation of all five great lakes and drains into the St. Mary's River. The Ojibwe name for the lake is "gichi-gami"

Canada–United States border

The neighboring Mohawk territory of Akwesasne straddles the Ontario–Quebec–New York borders, and its First Nations sovereignty prevents Ontario Provincial Police, Sûreté du Québec, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Canada Border Services Agency, Canadian Coast Guard, United States Border Patrol, United States Coast Guard, and New York State Police from exercising jurisdiction over exchanges taking place within the territory. In late 2006, the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced a rule regarding new identification requirements for U.S. citizens and international travelers entering the U.S. Implemented on January 23, 2007, this final rule and first phase of the WHTI specifies six

Geography of Minnesota

wildlife preserves, all managed by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. There are 5.5 million acres (22,000 km²) in the Chippewa and Superior National Forests. The Superior National Forest in the northeast contains the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, which encompasses over a million acres (4,000 km²) and a thousand lakes. To its west is Voyageurs National Park, the state's only national park. The US state of Minnesota can be divided into regions in a variety of ways. On a basic level, the state is divided between the Minneapolis-Saint Paul or Twin Cities metropolitan area (often referred to locally as

Height of Land Portage

a gunfire salute and drinks of "high wine" (a type of rum), the new ' or "Nor'wester" and his company would resume their journey. Following the American Revolution the Treaty of Paris set the international boundary between British North America and the United States along the line of water communication between Lake Superior and the Lake of the Woods. During the era of exploration there were three principal routes used by canoe brigades to connect these two lakes, all of which crossed the divide separating western Lake Superior from the Hudson Bay watershed: Britain asserted that the westernmost St. Louis-Vermilion

North Shore (Lake Superior)

these disputes, which revealed the rich mineral resources in this area. In 1854 the LaPointe Treaty ceded all Ojibwa lands to the United States. Because of this white settlers moved into the region in order to mine the natural resources, thus beginning American settlements on the Minnesotan portion of the North Shore. Land claims were made near modern Duluth, Knife River, Beaver Bay, Buchanan, Burlington Bay, French River, Stewart River and Silver Creek. Ninety-nine fishermen had settled in northern Minnesota by 1857, when an economic panic caused most of the claims to be abandoned. In 1865 the Vermilion Lake Gold

Canadian canoe routes

Ontario with Lake Simcoe and the northern Great Lakes. The Canada–United States border meets Lake Superior near Grand Portage, Minnesota. From here to Lake of the Woods the voyageurs' route went northwest across the 9 mile (14 km) long Grand Portage to avoid the falls and canyon of the Pigeon River, thence along the present international border west up the long Pigeon River and Arrow River to South Lake, and then across the Height of Land Portage to North Lake whose waters drain into Hudson Bay. From North Lake the route goes through Gunflint Lake, thence down the Pine and


Question: Raph Koster, Brad McQuaid, Mark Jacobs, Brian Green and J. Todd Coleman are influential in MMORPG design. What is MMORPG?

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Massive multi-player on-line roleplaying game

Massively multi-player on-line role playing game

Massive Multi Player On-Line Roleplaying Game

Massively multiplayer online role-playing games

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Massive Multi Player On-line Role playing Game

Massive multiplayer on-line role playing game

Massively Multi Player Online Role playing Game

Massive Multi Player On-Line Role Playing Game

Massive Multiplayer On-Line Role-playing Game

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Massively Multi Player Online Roleplaying Game

Massive multi-player on-line role-playing game

Massive Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game

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Massive Multi player On-Line Role playing Game

Massive Multi-player Online Role-playing Game

Massive Multi-Player On-line Role-playing Game

Massively Multi player On-line Roleplaying Game

Massive Multi-Player Online Role playing Game

Massive multi player on-line role playing game

Massive multi player online role playing game

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Massive Multi-player Online Roleplaying Game

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Massively multi player online role playing game

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Massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG)

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History of massively multiplayer online games

and a number of influential MMORPG designers, such as Raph Koster, Brad McQuaid, Matt Firor, Mark Jacobs, Brian Green, and J. Todd Coleman, began as and/or players. The history of MMORPGs grows directly out of the history of MUDs. Meanwhile, the PLATO system, an educational computer system based on mainframe computers with graphical terminals, was pioneering many areas of multiuser computer systems. By the middle of 1974, there were graphical multiplayer games such as "Spasim", a space battle game which could support 32 users, and the "Talkomatic" multi-user chat system. "Oubliette", written by Jim Schwaiger, and published on the PLATO

Raph Koster

of the IGDA, ASCAP, and Omicron Delta Kappa. He is also a frequent speaker at game industry conferences such as the GDC, DICE, State of Play, and E3. He presently lives in San Diego, California with his wife, daughter, and son. Raph Koster Raphael "Raph" Koster (born September 7, 1971) is an American entrepreneur, game designer, and author of "A Theory of Fun for Game Design". Koster is widely recognized for his work as the lead designer of "Ultima Online" and the creative director behind "Star Wars Galaxies". From 2006 until 2013 he worked as the founder and president of

Raph Koster

Raph Koster Raphael "Raph" Koster (born September 7, 1971) is an American entrepreneur, game designer, and author of "A Theory of Fun for Game Design". Koster is widely recognized for his work as the lead designer of "Ultima Online" and the creative director behind "Star Wars Galaxies". From 2006 until 2013 he worked as the founder and president of Metaplace (previously operating as Areae and acquired by social gaming company Playdom in 2010, which was in turn acquired by Disney) producing a Facebook game platform. Koster attended Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, receiving a bachelor's degree in English (Creative Writing)

Mark Jacobs (game designer)

AOL and Kesmai's Gamestorm network. In 1995, he was the co-founder (along with Rob Denton), President and CEO of Mythic Entertainment, Inc.. He was involved in all Mythic Entertainment games since 1995, including their most successful product, the MMORPG "Dark Age Of Camelot". In March 2011, he was the co-founder of City State Entertainment, along with Andrew Meggs, President of City State Entertainment. Mark Jacobs (game designer) Mark Jacobs is an American game designer, programmer, author and businessman, and the former GM/VP/CEO of Mythic Entertainment, Inc. Best known as a lead designer of "Dark Age of Camelot" (2001) and "Camelot

Brad McQuaid

serves as Chief Creative Officer for Visionary Realms and continues work on the upcoming PC MMORPG, Pantheon: Rise of the Fallen. Brad McQuaid Brad McQuaid is an American video game designer who was the key designer of "EverQuest", a highly successful massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) released in 1999. He later co-founded Sigil Games Online where he served as CEO and Executive Producer of "" until Sony Online Entertainment's acquisition of Sigil Games Online in May 2007. On July 6, 2012, SOE announced the re-hiring of McQuaid to continue his work on Vanguard. On January 13, 2014, McQuaid announced

Multi-user dungeon

History of massively multiplayer online games

The history of massively multiplayer online games spans over thirty years and hundreds of massively multiplayer online games (MMOG) titles. The origin and influence on MMO games stems from MUDs, "Dungeons & Dragons" (D&D) and earlier social games.

List of video game crowdfunding projects

List of video game crowdfunding projects

The following is an incomplete list of notable video game projects (in hardware, software, and related media) that have embarked upon crowdfunding campaigns. Only when the amount raised is highlighted in green did the project receive those funds.

Brad McQuaid

Brad McQuaid Brad McQuaid is an American video game designer who was the key designer of "EverQuest", a highly successful massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) released in 1999. He later co-founded Sigil Games Online where he served as CEO and Executive Producer of "" until Sony Online Entertainment's acquisition of Sigil Games Online in May 2007. On July 6, 2012, SOE announced the re-hiring of McQuaid to continue his work on Vanguard. On January 13, 2014, McQuaid announced his role of Chief Creative Officer at Visionary Realms, Inc. for the PC MMORPG, . Brad McQuaid's start in the video

Brad McQuaid

became the top MMORPG. "EverQuest" became a huge hit and within months of its March 1999 launch it topped the subscription numbers held by "Ultima Online". "PC Gamer" called McQuaid one of the "Next Game Gods" in its November 2000 issue, believing that he would eventually become one of the industry's most influential game developers. After Sony Online Entertainment acquired Verant Interactive, Brad McQuaid was promoted to Vice President of Premium Games and Chief Creative Officer. He left Sony to create Sigil Games with fellow game designer and EverQuest development team member Jeff Butler in January 2002. Several years later,

Mark Jacobs (game designer)

based on the game Imperator Online. He is known for his strong position against "real money transfer", a.k.a. "gold selling". Jacobs left EA in June 2009 after the company decided to merge BioWare with Mythic Entertainment. Jacobs attended Syracuse University and graduated, "magna cum laude" with a Bachelor of Arts degree. He then attended Georgetown University Law Center and graduated with a Juris Doctor. While at GULC, he started his first computer game company, Adventures Unlimited Software Inc. in 1983. In the 1980s and until 1995, he created online games for both local networks and nationwide networks such as GEnie,

Paul Barnett (video game designer)

BusinessWeek writer Matt Vella described it as "one of the most non-geek accessible I've ever heard" and praised its accomplishment of "smartly analogiz[ing] the games industry to both films and Las Vegas without being heavy-handed." Barnett was invited to Penny Arcade Expo East 2010 to speak on a panel regarding the MMORPG industry and its future. The panel included other industry members such as Curt Schilling of 38 Studios, Bob Ferrari of Sanrio Digital, and Craig Alexander of Turbine, Inc. Barnett was also invited to record a special BombCast with the crew from GiantBomb, where he lists his Top 10

Dragon's Gate

AUSI as well as the evolution of the game from Aradath to Dragon's Gate on GEnie and to its other homes. Jacobs and Hyrup, along with partner Rob Denton, later formed a company in 1995 called Interworld Productions, which in 1997 was renamed as Mythic Entertainment. In 1997 Hyrup and Lori Silva (now Lori Hyrup) joined forces, Darrin as the Producer/Lead Programmer and Lori as an Associate Producer/Lead Game Designer. In 1998, programming was taken over by Roy Sutton, and in 1999 Lead Game Design was passed on to Colin Johanson. Mythic Entertainment is currently best known for the MMORPG

Paul Barnett (video game designer)

games, including "Legends of Cosrin" and "Kingdom of Heroes". "Legends of Terris" was launched on AOL in the UK in 1995, and in the US in 1996. AOL described the game as "[their] first real interactive game." He helped with the design of the massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) "" under the direction of CEO Mark Jacobs and producer Jeff Hickman. In February 2008, Barnett gave a talk at the European LIFT 08 conference. This talk was the highest watched video of the show, gaining over 50,000 views within 48 hours. His talks also received coverage in business media.

Raph Koster

"Ultima Online Live", and an unannounced and cancelled title until 2000, when he joined Verant Interactive in Austin as the creative director of "Star Wars Galaxies". Promoted to chief creative officer in 2003, he relocated to Sony Online Entertainment in San Diego where he spent three years primarily responsible for business development. In March 2006, Koster left the company to work on Metaplace which, at the end, was a social gaming platform for Facebook games. Since 2013 he is an independent designer and consultant. Koster is a charter member of the Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences, and a member

Mark Jacobs (game designer)

Mark Jacobs (game designer) Mark Jacobs is an American game designer, programmer, author and businessman, and the former GM/VP/CEO of Mythic Entertainment, Inc. Best known as a lead designer of "Dark Age of Camelot" (2001) and "Camelot Unchained" (2019), he also created two early MUDs, "Aradath" and "Dragon's Gate", serving as both the designer and programmer in addition to his duties as President/CEO. He founded A.U.S.I. (Adventures Unlimited Software Inc.) in 1983 and worked on a number of computer games for systems such as the Apple II. He is also a screenwriter, having penned a number of screenplays including one

Chaosium

many other notable game designers have written material for Chaosium. These include David Conyers, Matthew Costello, Larry DiTillio, David A. Hargrave, Rob Heinsoo, Keith Herber, Jennell Jaquays, Katharine Kerr, Reiner Knizia, Charlie Krank, Robin Laws, Penelope Love, Mark Morrison, Steve Perrin, Sandy Petersen, Ken Rolston, Ken St. Andre, Jonathan Tweet, and Lynn Willis, among others. One of the very first RPGs by a female lead designer was published by Chaosium: Kerie Campbell-Robson's 1986 release Hawkmoon. LinkedIn founder Reid Hoffman's first paid job was as an editor at Chaosium, when he was 12 years old. Greg Stafford founded "The Chaosium" in

MUD

clients, or specialized MUD clients which are designed to improve the user experience. Numerous games are listed at various web portals, such as The Mud Connector. The history of modern massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) like "EverQuest" and "Ultima Online", and related virtual world genres such as the social virtual worlds exemplified by "Second Life", can be traced directly back to the MUD genre. Indeed, before the invention of the term MMORPG, games of this style were simply called graphical MUDs. A number of influential MMORPG designers began as and/or players (such as Raph Koster, Brad McQuaid, Matt Firor,

James Jacobs (game designer)

notable "Dungeons & Dragons" creatures, with the ulitharid, draknor, and the kaorti among the most prominent. James Jacobs (game designer) James Jacobs is an American designer and author of role-playing games and texts in the fantasy, horror and the occult genres. Jacobs has been involved in the role-playing industry since the age of sixteen, when his adventure "Scepter of the Underworld" was published in "Dungeon" #12 in 1988. Jacobs grew up in Point Arena, California, and went to college at the University of California, Davis. He moved to Seattle after graduating from college and worked his way into Wizards of

Holistic Design

array of game design skills to the firm, most notably Bill Bridges, Andrew Greenberg and Chris Wiese. Holistic Design Holistic Design, Inc. (HDI), is an American game company. It was founded in 1992 as Several Dudes Holistic Gaming. The company has developed many computer games in its history, including "Battles of Destiny", "Hammer of the Gods", "Final Liberation", "Machiavelli the Prince", "Merchant Prince I & II", "Emperor of the Fading Suns", and "Mall Tycoon". HDI also has a number of miniatures games in its inventory, including "Noble Armada", "Carnage" and "Combat Zone". Their most famous product is perhaps its role-playing

Christina Wodtke

launch of the Zynga.com gaming platform.<ref name="http://www.crunchbase.com/person/christina-wodtke"></ref> Wodtke is a co-founder and past president of the Information Architecture Institute. As a User Experience professional, she has worked for such companies as Yahoo, Hot Studio, and "The New York Times" to improve and develop their Web sites. Wodtke founded Webby-nominated magazine of design thinking [Boxes and Arrows] and has been publisher continuously (as well as sometime contributor). "Boxes and Arrows" was the first online magazine aimed exclusively at working practitioner designers, and has inspired a host of other online 'zines, from UXmatters to Johnny Holland. Known for a blunt and humorous

Paul Hume (game designer)

the company went defunct, Fantasy Games Unlimited reprinted "Bushido" in 1981, and stickered their logo over the Phoenix Games logo on the "Aftermath!" boxes. Hume and Charrette also collaborated on "Daredevils", published by FGU in 1982. Hume and Charette designed the "Shadowrun" role-playing game, first published in 1989. Hume also designed the "Shadowrun" adventure "Mercurial" (1990). The "Shadowrun" 2nd Edition rules from FASA, by Tom Dowd with Paul Hume and Bob Charrette, won the Origins Award for Best Roleplaying Rules of 1992. Paul Hume (game designer) Paul Hume has been designing role-playing games since the mid 1970s. He co-wrote, with

Brad McQuaid

game industry came in 1989 when he co-founded MicroGenesis with Steve Clover. In their free time they created "WarWizard", a shareware role-playing video game that they released in 1993. McQuaid and Clover then developed a "WarWizard 2" demo in 1995, which caught the attention of John Smedley of Sony Interactive Studios America. Smedley hired McQuaid and Clover in 1996 to work on an online role-playing game, later named "EverQuest". McQuaid started as the project's lead programmer but was made the producer and one of the lead designers. While "EverQuest" was being developed, Origin Systems launched "Ultima Online" in 1997 which


Question: The Jurassic period is known for the appearance on earth of what?

Pachypodosauria
Ornithoscelida
herbivore dinosaurs
non avian dinosaur
dinosur
Dinasour
phytodinosaur
phytodinosauria
The Death of the Dinosaurs
Jurassic dinosaurs
dinosaurology
Phytodinosauria
The death of the dinosaurs
Dinosur
dinosaurian
Phytodinosaur
Pachypodes
pandinosauria
jurassic dinosaurs
discovery of dinosaurs
ornithoscelida
triassic dinosaurs
dinosuar
Pandinosauria
dinasour
Dinosour
Dinosoor
Dinosauria
Dinosaurian
death of dinosaurs
Dinosaur
Non-avian dinosaur
Death of the dinosaurs
dinosauria
dinosor
Dinosaurs
Herbivore dinosaurs
dinosoor
pachypodes
Dinosuar
Discovery of dinosaurs
dinosaurs
pachypodosauria
Triassic dinosaurs
Dinosaurology
dinosaur
non avian dinosaurs
dinosour
Dinosor
Non-avian dinosaurs

Jurassic

Jurassic The Jurassic (; from Jura Mountains) was a geologic period and system that spanned 56 million years from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period Mya. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of the Mesozoic Era, also known as the Age of Reptiles. The start of the period was marked by the major Triassic–Jurassic extinction event. Two other extinction events occurred during the period: the Pliensbachian-Toarcian extinction in the Early Jurassic, and the Tithonian event at the end; however, neither event ranks among the "Big Five" mass extinctions. The

Prehistoric Planet

in the late Triassic period. 152,000,000 BC, Late Jurassic (Colorado) − This episode follows the story of a young female "Diplodocus" and her brothers and sisters in the late Jurassic period. 149,000,000 BC, Late Jurassic (Oxfordshire) − This episode follows the life of several baby "Ophthalmosaurus" and a bull "Liopleurodon" in the late Jurassic period. 127,000,000 BC, Early Cretaceous (Brazil) − This episode follows a male "Ornithocheirus" on his long journey to the mating grounds in the early Cretaceous period. 106,000,000 BC, Early Cretaceous (Antarctica) − This episode follows the hardships of an Antarctican "Leaellynasaura" clan in the early Cretaceous

Middle Jurassic

cycads, and ferns were also common. Middle Jurassic The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from about 174 to 163 million years ago. Fossil-bearing rocks from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but some important formations include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland, the Daohugou Beds in China, Itat Formation in Russia, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. During the Middle Jurassic epoch, Pangaea began to separate into Laurasia and Gondwana, and the Atlantic Ocean formed. Tectonic activities are active on eastern Laurasia as the Cimmerian plate

Jurassic

Jurassic period is divided into three epochs: Early, Middle, and Late. Similarly, in stratigraphy, the Jurassic is divided into the Lower Jurassic, Middle Jurassic, and Upper Jurassic series of rock formations. The Jurassic is named after the Jura Mountains within the European Alps, where limestone strata from the period were first identified. By the beginning of the Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangaea had begun rifting into two landmasses: Laurasia to the north, and Gondwana to the south. This created more coastlines and shifted the continental climate from dry to humid, and many of the arid deserts of the Triassic were replaced

Phanerozoic

Jurassic, Middle Jurassic, and Late Jurassic. The Early Jurassic Epoch spans from 200 million to 175 million years ago. The climate was much more humid than the Triassic, and as a result, the world was very tropical. In the oceans, plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs and ammonites dominated the seas. On land, dinosaurs and other reptiles dominated the land, with species such as "Dilophosaurus" at the apex. The first true crocodiles evolved, pushing the large amphibians to near extinction. The reptiles rose to rule the world. Meanwhile, the first true mammals evolved, but never exceeded the height of a shrew. The Middle Jurassic

Jurassic

Jurassic

The Jurassic ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of the Mesozoic Era and is named after the Jura Mountains, where limestone strata from the period were first identified.

The start of the Jurassic was marked by the major Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, associated with the eruption of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. The beginning of the Toarcian Stage started around 183 million years ago and is marked by an extinction event associated with widespread oceanic anoxia, ocean acidification, and elevated temperatures likely caused by the eruption of the Karoo-Ferrar large igneous provinces. The end of the Jurassic, however, has no clear boundary with the Cretaceous and is the only boundary between geological periods to remain formally undefined.

By the beginning of the Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangaea had begun rifting into two landmasses: Laurasia to the north and Gondwana to the south. The climate of the Jurassic was warmer than the present, and there were no ice caps. Forests grew close to the poles, with large arid expanses in the lower latitudes.

On land, the fauna transitioned from the Triassic fauna, dominated jointly by dinosauromorph and pseudosuchian archosaurs, to one dominated by dinosaurs alone. The first birds appeared during the Jurassic, evolving from a branch of theropod dinosaurs. Other major events include the appearance of the earliest lizards and the evolution of therian mammals. Crocodylomorphs made the transition from a terrestrial to an aquatic life. The oceans were inhabited by marine reptiles such as ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs, while pterosaurs were the dominant flying vertebrates. The first sharks, rays and crabs also first appeared during the period.

Mesozoic

Mesozoic

The Mesozoic Era ( ), also called the Age of Reptiles and the Age of Conifers, is the second-to-last era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about , comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods. It is characterized by the dominance of archosaurian reptiles, like the dinosaurs; an abundance of conifers and ferns; a hot greenhouse climate; and the tectonic break-up of Pangaea. The Mesozoic is the middle of the three eras since complex life evolved: the Paleozoic, the Mesozoic, and the Cenozoic.

The era began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest well-documented mass extinction in Earth's history, and ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, another mass extinction whose victims included the non-avian dinosaurs, pterosaurs, mosasaurs, and plesiosaurs. The Mesozoic was a time of significant tectonic, climatic, and evolutionary activity. The era witnessed the gradual rifting of the supercontinent Pangaea into separate landmasses that would move into their current positions during the next era. The climate of the Mesozoic was varied, alternating between warming and cooling periods. Overall, however, the Earth was hotter than it is today. Dinosaurs first appeared in the Mid-Triassic, and became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates in the Late Triassic or Early Jurassic, occupying this position for about 150 or 135 million years until their demise at the end of the Cretaceous. Archaic birds appeared in the Jurassic, having evolved from a branch of theropod dinosaurs, then true toothless birds appeared in the Cretaceous. The first mammals also appeared during the Mesozoic, but would remain small—less than 15 kg (33 lb)—until the Cenozoic. The flowering plants appeared in the early Cretaceous Period and would rapidly diversify throughout the end of the era, replacing conifers and other gymnosperms as the dominant group of plants.

Triassic

Triassic

The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest period of the Mesozoic Era. Both the start and end of the period are marked by major extinction events. The Triassic Period is subdivided into three epochs: Early Triassic, Middle Triassic and Late Triassic.

The Triassic began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, which left the Earth's biosphere impoverished; it was well into the middle of the Triassic before life recovered its former diversity. Three categories of organisms can be distinguished in the Triassic record: survivors from the extinction event, new groups that flourished briefly, and other new groups that went on to dominate the Mesozoic Era. Reptiles, especially archosaurs, were the chief terrestrial vertebrates during this time. A specialized subgroup of archosaurs, called dinosaurs, first appeared in the Late Triassic but did not become dominant until the succeeding Jurassic Period. Archosaurs that became dominant in this period were primarily pseudosuchians, ancestors of modern crocodilians, while some archosaurs specialized in flight, the first time among vertebrates, becoming the pterosaurs.

Therapsids, the dominant vertebrates of the preceding Permian period, declined throughout the period. The first true mammals, themselves a specialized subgroup of therapsids, also evolved during this period. The vast supercontinent of Pangaea existed until the mid-Triassic, after which it began to gradually rift into two separate landmasses, Laurasia to the north and Gondwana to the south.

The global climate during the Triassic was mostly hot and dry, with deserts spanning much of Pangaea's interior. However, the climate shifted and became more humid as Pangaea began to drift apart. The end of the period was marked by yet another major mass extinction, the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, that wiped out many groups, including most pseudosuchians, and allowed dinosaurs to assume dominance in the Jurassic.

Phanerozoic

Phanerozoic

The Phanerozoic Eon is the current geologic eon in the geologic time scale, and the one during which abundant animal and plant life has existed. It covers 538.8 million years to the present, and it began with the Cambrian Period, when animals first developed hard shells preserved in the fossil record. The time before the Phanerozoic, called the "Precambrian", is now divided into the Hadean, Archaean and Proterozoic eons.

The time span of the Phanerozoic starts with the sudden appearance of fossilised evidence of a number of animal phyla; the evolution of those phyla into diverse forms; the emergence and development of complex plants; the evolution of fish; the emergence of insects and tetrapods; and the development of modern fauna. Plant life on land appeared in the early Phanerozoic eon. During this time span, tectonic forces which move the continents had collected them into a single landmass known as Pangaea (the most recent supercontinent), which then separated into the current continental landmasses.

Evolution of mammals

Jurassic

are thought to have been shrub to small-tree sized. Ginkgo plants were particularly common in the mid- to high northern latitudes. In the Southern Hemisphere, podocarps were especially successful, while Ginkgos and Czekanowskiales were rare. In the oceans, modern coralline algae appeared for the first time. However, they were a part of another major extinction that happened within the next major time period. Jurassic The Jurassic (; from Jura Mountains) was a geologic period and system that spanned 56 million years from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period Mya.

Early Jurassic

Early Jurassic The Early Jurassic epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic period. The Early Jurassic starts immediately after the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event, 201.3 Ma (million years ago), and ends at the start of the Middle Jurassic 174.1 Ma. Certain rocks of marine origin of this age in Europe are called "Lias" and that name was used for the period, as well, in 19th-century geology. In southern Germany rocks of this age are called Black Jurassic. There are two possible origins for the name Lias: the first reason is

Geological history of Earth

living in lagoons and hypersaline environments, such as "Estheria" crustaceans and terrestrial vertebrates. The Jurassic Period extends from about 201.3 ± 0.2 to 145.0 Ma. During the early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangaea broke up into the northern supercontinent Laurasia and the southern supercontinent Gondwana; the Gulf of Mexico opened in the new rift between North America and what is now Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. The Jurassic North Atlantic Ocean was relatively narrow, while the South Atlantic did not open until the following Cretaceous Period, when Gondwana itself rifted apart. The Tethys Sea closed, and the Neotethys basin appeared. Climates were warm,

Geological history of Earth

northern plains of the United States and Canada during the late Jurassic, most exposed sediments from this period are continental, such as the alluvial deposits of the Morrison Formation. The first of several massive batholiths were emplaced in the northern Cordillera beginning in the mid-Jurassic, marking the Nevadan orogeny. Important Jurassic exposures are also found in Russia, India, South America, Japan, Australasia and the United Kingdom. The Cretaceous Period extends from circa to . During the Cretaceous, the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic supercontinent of Pangaea completed its breakup into present day continents, although their positions were substantially different at the time.

Middle Jurassic

Middle Jurassic The Middle Jurassic is the second epoch of the Jurassic Period. It lasted from about 174 to 163 million years ago. Fossil-bearing rocks from the Middle Jurassic are relatively rare, but some important formations include the Forest Marble Formation in England, the Kilmaluag Formation in Scotland, the Daohugou Beds in China, Itat Formation in Russia, and the Isalo III Formation of western Madagascar. During the Middle Jurassic epoch, Pangaea began to separate into Laurasia and Gondwana, and the Atlantic Ocean formed. Tectonic activities are active on eastern Laurasia as the Cimmerian plate continues to collide with Laurasia's southern

Early Jurassic

died out at the end of the Triassic. But in the undergrowth were various types of early mammals, as well as tritylodont mammal-like reptiles, lizard-like sphenodonts, and early lissamphibians. Early Jurassic The Early Jurassic epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic period. The Early Jurassic starts immediately after the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event, 201.3 Ma (million years ago), and ends at the start of the Middle Jurassic 174.1 Ma. Certain rocks of marine origin of this age in Europe are called "Lias" and that name was used for the period,

Phanerozoic

the Mesozoic features the rise of reptiles on their 150 million year conquest of the Earth on the land, in the seas, and in the air. There are three periods in the Mesozoic: Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous. The Triassic ranges from 250 million to 200 million years ago. The Triassic is a transitional time in Earth's history between the Permian Extinction and the lush Jurassic Period. It has three major epochs: Early Triassic, Middle Triassic and Late Triassic. The Early Triassic lasted between 250 million to 247 million years ago, and was dominated by deserts as Pangaea had not yet

Late Jurassic

During the Late Jurassic epoch, Pangaea broke up into two supercontinents, Laurasia to the north, and Gondwana to the south. The result of this break-up was the spawning of the Atlantic Ocean. However, at this time, the Atlantic Ocean was relatively narrow. This epoch is well known for many famous types of dinosaurs, such as the sauropods, the theropods, the thyreophorans, and the ornithopods. Other animals, such as crocodiles and the first birds, appeared in the Jurassic. Listed here are only a few of the many Jurassic animals: Late Jurassic The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic

Jurassic Coast

period of 185 million years, and disclosing an almost continuous sequence of rock formations covering the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The fossils found in the area and the coastal geomorphologic features of this dynamic coast, have advanced the study of earth sciences for more than two hundred years. The area covered by the designation comprises the land between the mean low water mark and the top of the cliffs or the back of the beach. The fossils found in abundance along this coastline provide evidence of how animals and plants evolved in this region. During the Triassic this area

Late Triassic

that became extinct, the straight-shelled nautoloids, placodonts, bivalves and many types of reptiles did not survive through this stage. During the beginning of the Triassic Era, the earth consisted of a giant landmass known as Pangea, which covered about a quarter of earth's surface. Towards the end of the era, continental drift occurred which separated Pangea. At this time, polar ice was not present because of the large differences between the equator and the poles. A single, large landmass similar to Pangea would be expected to have extreme seasons; however, evidence offers contradictions. Evidence suggests that there is arid climate

Jurassic Park (film)

reading "When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth" flew. The film wrapped twelve days ahead of schedule on November 30, and within days, editor Michael Kahn had a rough cut ready, allowing Spielberg to go ahead with filming "Schindler's List". Despite the title of the film's referencing the Jurassic period, "Brachiosaurus" and "Dilophosaurus" are the only dinosaurs featured that actually lived during that time; the other species featured did not exist until the Cretaceous period. This is acknowledged in the film during a scene where Dr. Grant describes the ferocity of the "Velociraptor" to a young boy, saying: "Try to imagine yourself

Phanerozoic

Epoch spans from 175 million to 163 million years ago. During this epoch, dinosaurs flourished as huge herds of sauropods, such as "Brachiosaurus" and "Diplodocus", filled the fern prairies of the Middle Jurassic. Many other predators rose as well, such as "Allosaurus". Conifer forests made up a large portion of the world's forests. In the oceans, plesiosaurs were quite common, and ichthyosaurs were flourishing. This epoch was the peak of the reptiles. The Late Jurassic Epoch spans from 163 million to 145 million years ago. The Late Jurassic featured a massive extinction of sauropods and ichthyosaurs due to the separation

Phanerozoic

a boom of reptilian evolution on land as the first true dinosaurs evolved, as well as pterosaurs. By the end of the period the first gigantic dinosaurs had evolved and advanced pterosaurs colonised Pangaea's deserts. The climactic change, however, resulted in a large die-out known as the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event, in which all archosaurs (excluding ancient crocodiles), synapsids, and almost all large amphibians became extinct, as well as 34% of marine life in the fourth mass extinction event. The extinction's cause is debated. The Jurassic ranges from 200 million to 145 million years ago, and features three major epochs: Early

Jurassic

by lush rainforests. On land, the fauna transitioned from the Triassic fauna, dominated by both dinosauromorph and crocodylomorph archosaurs, to one dominated by dinosaurs alone. The first birds also appeared during the Jurassic, having evolved from a branch of theropod dinosaurs. Other major events include the appearance of the earliest lizards, and the evolution of therian mammals, including primitive placentals. Crocodilians made the transition from a terrestrial to an aquatic mode of life. The oceans were inhabited by marine reptiles such as ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs, while pterosaurs were the dominant flying vertebrates. The chronostratigraphic term "Jurassic" is directly linked to

Street, Somerset

and early Jurassic times, between 195 and 200 million years ago. Its age corresponds to the Rhaetian to lower Sinemurian stages of the geologic timescale, thus fully including the Hettangian stage. It is the lowest of the three divisions of the Lower Jurassic period and, as such, is also given the name "Lower Lias". It consists of thin blue argillaceous, or clay-like, limestone. The Blue Lias contains many fossils, especially ammonites. Fossils discovered in the lias include many ichthyosaurs, one of which has been adopted as the badge of Street. There is a display of Street fossils in the Natural


Question: What is the maximum number of points that can be scored from a single shot in basketball?

100 meter running deer

counted for 1 point. The target made 10 runs for each shooter both in the Single- and Double-Shot event, and in the Team event each team consisted of four shooters. Thus the individual double-shot event a maximum of 80 points per shooter, the Individual Single-Shot event had a maximum 40 points per shooter, and the Team Single-Shot event had a maximum of (4·40 =) 160 points per team. In the 1912 event the target had been changed to have 5 scoring areas, with 5 point for inner scoring area. The target distance was now specified as 100 meters. Each shooter

International Shooting Sport Federation

each shot, as pistols are single-loaded. The qualifications round consists of 60 shots, while in the elimination-style final athletes can shoot a maximum of 20 shots. Following the athletes presentation, the final begins with 2 series of 5 shots, where each series must be fired in 250 seconds. After the first 2 series, a maximum of 14 single shots can be fired, and in this case each shot must be fired in 50 second. From this point, the lowest-ranked athlete is eliminated after every 2 shots. The final ends up with only two athletes left on the line and the

Twenty-one (basketball)

by the player who accumulates exactly 21 points. If a player goes over 21 points, his score is reduced to 11 points. To avoid going over 21, players may choose to miss a free throw intentionally. In this instance, a free throw must hit the rim to be legal. If it does not, the player must shoot again. Sometimes this results in the player accidentally making the shot. Common additional rules include: Twenty-one is frequently used in physical education classes and by basketball team coaches as skill development. Because only one player is on offense at any given time against

Super Shot

Super Shot A mini-basketball game found in many arcades, Super Shot consists of a basket that usually moves back and forth, and four to five basketballs to shoot. There are four different modes which affects the rate at which the basket moves, and each shot is worth either two or three points depending on the distance between the shooter and the basket. There is also a time limit usually between 40 and 60 seconds. Super Shot usually is as 25 cents cheap to 2.00, depending the place. It also ranges in different colors, such as purple-orange, black-red, blue-yellow, CEC customized,

Twenty-one (basketball)

with the exception of out of bounds violations and personal fouls. Shots made after the ball is live count two points for a player's score (or 3 points if a 3-pointer is made). After each made field goal, the player making the field goal shoots up to three free throws in a row, until he misses. All free throws count as one point towards a player's count. If three free throws are made in a row, the free throw shooter is handed the ball back at the top of the key and play is live again. The game is won

List of basketball players who have scored 100 points in a single ...

List of highest-scoring NBA games

List of highest-scoring NBA games

In basketball, points are used to keep track of the score in a game. Points can be accumulated by making field goals (worth two points from within the three-point line or three points from beyond the three-point line) or free throws (worth one point). The team that records the most points at the end of a game is declared the game's winner. If the game is still tied at the end of regulation play, additional overtime period(s) are played in order to determine the winner.

In the years following the founding of the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1946, teams only averaged around 80 points per game. Before the introduction of the shot clock, teams often ran out the clock by passing the ball more frequently after having established a lead in a game. If one team did choose to stall, the opposing team (especially if behind) would often commit fouls to regain possession. This resulted in very low-scoring games with excessive fouls, which negatively affected attendance. Beginning in the 1954–55 season, the NBA implemented a 24-second shot clock, the aim of which was to speed up the game and create a more entertaining experience for those in attendance. If the offensive team failed to hit the rim with the ball within the allotted 24 seconds, they would lose possession. This innovation resulted in higher average scores.<ref name="shot clock 2"/> Consequently, all of the highest-scoring games in the NBA have happened during the shot-clock era.

Basketball

Three-Point Contest

Three-Point Contest

The Three-Point Contest is a National Basketball Association (NBA) contest held on the Saturday before the annual All-Star Game as part of All-Star Weekend.

The 2019 iteration of the contest involved ten participants. From its introduction in 1986 to 2018, eight participants were selected to participate in each season's shootout. Karl-Anthony Towns of the Minnesota Timberwolves is the most recent winner of the event which was held at the Rocket Mortgage FieldHouse in Cleveland.

Point (basketball)

Point (basketball)

Points in basketball are used to keep track of the score in a game. Points can be accumulated by making field goals (two or three points) or free throws (one point). If a player makes a field goal from within the three-point line, the player scores two points. If the player makes a field goal from beyond the three-point line, the player scores three points. The team that has recorded the most points at the end of a game is declared that game's winner.

Variations of basketball

not permitted to interfere with either the ball or the player. The player continues to shoot until a basket is made, to a maximum of 5 shots. When the first player has made the shot, the next player begins shooting, again from the shooting line. This player must make the basket in the same number, or fewer shots than the preceding shooter. The next player then shoots, again from the shooting line and must make the basket in the same number, or fewer shots than the player that immediately preceded him\her in shooting. If a player takes more shots than

Goal (sport)

a team does not necessarily need to score the most baskets to win the game. Basketball scores are expressed in total points. A basket scored during normal play is called a field goal and is worth two points if shot from within or on the three-point line, and three points if shot from beyond the three-point line. The three-point line's distance from the basket varies by level. Points are also awarded to the shooting team if the defensive team commits goaltending or basket interference while the ball is in flight towards the basket or is directly over it. A basketball

International Shooting Sport Federation

series, a maximum of 14 single shots can be fired, and in this case each shot must be fired in 50 second. From this point, the lowest-ranked athlete is eliminated after every 2 shots. The final ends up with only two athletes left on the line, and the last 2 shots deciding the gold medal winner. Ties are broken by shoot-offs shots. The 50 m Pistol Men event is conducted in standing position. The target is placed at a distance of 50 meters and athletes reload after each shot. The qualification round consists of 60 shots and the elimination-style final

Free throw

Free throw In basketball, free throws or foul shots are unopposed attempts to score points by shooting from behind the free throw line (informally known as the foul line or the charity stripe), a line situated at the end of the restricted area. Free throws are generally awarded after a foul on the shooter by the opposing team. Each successful free throw is worth one point. Free throws can normally be shot at a high percentage by good players. In the NBA, most players make 70–80% of their attempts. The league's best shooters (such as Mark Price, Steve Nash, Rick

Basketball court

shot, is located within the three-point arc at 15 feet from the basket. A foul shot is worth 1 point, but if a shot is made from the foul line while in play it is still worth 2 points. † The FIBA three-point line is 2.95 ft (0.90 m) from the sideline in a zone starting at the baseline and ending when it crosses the 22.1 ft (6.75 m) arc. The 21.65 ft (6.60 m) distance exists only at the points on the three-point line that are directly to the left and right of the basket center. The only two

International Shooting Sport Federation

consists of a maximum of 20 shots. Just like in the two 10 m events the final begins with 2 series of 3 shots, where each series must be fired in 150 seconds. After the first two series, a maximum of 14 single shots can be fired, and in this case each shot must be fired in 50 second. From this point, the lowest-ranked athlete is eliminated after every 2 shots. The final ends up with only two athletes left on the line, and the last 2 shots deciding the gold medal winner. Ties are broken by shoot-offs shots. The

100 meter running deer

still got 10 runs, and thus the maximum possible points thus became maximum 100 points for Individual Double-Shot, 50 for Individual Single-Shot and 200 for Team Single-Shot respectively. 20 shooters from 6 nations competed in the Individual Double-Shot event, 20 shooters from 5 nations competed in the Team Single-Shot event, and 34 sport shooters from 7 nations competed in the Team Single-Shot event. In 1920 the events were held on 27 July. 8 shooters from 3 nations competed in the Individual Double-Shot event, while 12 shooters from 4 nations competed in the Individual Single-Shot event. This championship saw the introduction

Variations of basketball

the player that immediately preceded him\her, a point is added to that player's score. Additionally, if a player is unable to make a basket in 5 shots or less, another point is added to that player's score. When a player reaches 5 points, he\she is eliminated from the game. When a player is eliminated from the game, the player immediately following that player has up to 5 shots on his\her turn. The game continues until all but 1 player has been eliminated. Notes: - Some players become quite creative with the "shoot from where the ball was retrieved" rule, using

Kyle Singler

of the season Singler was averaging a team high 16.5 points per game in just 37 games played. In February 2010 Singler scored a career-high 30 points against Georgia Tech, hitting a career-high 8 three-pointers in 10 attempts. In the ACC Tournament Final (playing Georgia Tech again), he hit a career-high 14 free throws. On March 28, 2010, in an Elite Eight NCAA game, as Duke beat Baylor and advanced to the Final Four, Singler (667 points), Jon Scheyer (690 points), and Nolan Smith (628 points) became the second trio in the history of the school to score at least

Darts

has three darts to equal the target and score points. Each dart is considered individually. Doubles and triples do count for this dart, so there may be multiple ways to hit the target. A bullseye thrown by the scorer counts for either 25 or 0. A scorer can score between 0 and 9 points per round. If the scorer hits a target number with a single, the scorer gets 1 point. If the scorer hits a target number with a double or a single bullseye, the scorer gets 2 points. If the scorer hits the target number with a triple,

Super Shot

etc... You can also add BONUS TIME, or BONUS TICKETS, or etc... Super Shot A mini-basketball game found in many arcades, Super Shot consists of a basket that usually moves back and forth, and four to five basketballs to shoot. There are four different modes which affects the rate at which the basket moves, and each shot is worth either two or three points depending on the distance between the shooter and the basket. There is also a time limit usually between 40 and 60 seconds. Super Shot usually is as 25 cents cheap to 2.00, depending the place. It

Basketball

a lot of money among a large number of teams. We're budgeting the WNBA to break even this year." Measurements and time limits discussed in this section often vary among tournaments and organizations; international and NBA rules are used in this section. The object of the game is to outscore one's opponents by throwing the ball through the opponents' basket from above while preventing the opponents from doing so on their own. An attempt to score in this way is called a shot. A successful shot is worth two points, or three points if it is taken from beyond the

American Darts

The maximum score for a team (two players) is 600 points. Corks and scoring numbers can be combined; for instance, if a player shoots a double 20, a cork, and a single 20, that player would score 160 points (40 + 100 + 20). If a player shoots a single 20, a double 5, and a single 20, that player would score 40 points (20 + 0 + 20), since the dart in the 5 would not count (20 having been established as the "number" for that inning). The name Strikeout comes from the method of eliminating players/teams. Once a

Four-point play

Four-point play In basketball, a four-point play is the rare occasion when an offensive player shoots and makes a three-point field goal while simultaneously being fouled by a defensive player, resulting in a shooting foul and one free throw attempt, or a two-point field goal and is intentionally or flagrantly fouled on the shot and is awarded two free throws. If the player makes his/her free throws, they will have scored four points on a single possession. The short-lived American Basketball League first introduced the four-point play to the game of basketball, and it was later adopted by the American

Three-point field goal

in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) the arc is . In the NBA and FIBA/WNBA, the three-point line becomes parallel to each sideline at the points where the arc is from each sideline; as a result the distance from the basket gradually decreases to a minimum of . In the NCAA the arc is continuous for 180° around the basket. There are more variations (see main article). In 3x3, a FIBA-sanctioned variant of the half-court 3-on-3 game, the same line exists, but shots from behind it are only worth 2 points with all other shots worth 1 point. The