Question: Who was the first person to earn a million pounds before the age of ten

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Shirley Temple (Black)

James Duckworth (1840–1915)

experiences to the House of Commons, when he spoke in favour of the Education of Children Bill, which raised the minimum working age to 12. In a speech which was widely circulated, he attributed his own good health and six-foot stature to the "survival of the fittest", noting: By the age of fourteen he was earning 15 shillings per week and was the main support of his family. At seventeen, he joined the Royal Marines, but served only for about eight months. In his teens he attended a night school, but irregularly, and did not study seriously until he was

David Edwards (quiz contestant)

David Edwards (quiz contestant) David Edwards (born 1947) is a Welsh born Physics teacher, best known as a TV quiz contestant. On 21 April 2001 he became the first man to win the million pounds on the British "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" and only the second person to answer all 15 questions correctly, and hence win the prize, after Judith Keppel. He competed in both series of "Are You an Egghead?", reaching the last 16 in 2008, and the final in 2009, where he lost to fellow "Millionaire" winner Pat Gibson. Born in Barry, Wales, Edwards graduated in

Fortune: Million Pound Giveaway

a special course to further his education before university, a 24-year-old would-be JCB driver who required £2,050 for an entire course to live his dream, a woman was awarded £5,000 who wanted to throw her Nana a 60th birthday and £45,000 for a self-confessed reformed ex-criminal to help support a youth group in Grimsby. Money was not awarded to a man who wanted to jump into a 7-foot flaming toilet on a fire engine, four Welsh people to go to Russia to experience weightlessness for 50 seconds, nor for a would-be actress to attend a New York acting academy. The

John Cameron Peddie

During one of these games, Peddie made an appeal to God in what he later referred to as his "First original prayer". The appeal was that God would make him a preacher of the Gospel. In 1901 at the age of 14, Peddie reached the stage where he had to decide whether to continue his studies or go out into the world and earn a living. He managed to secure a County Council Bursary for £20 – approx. £860 in today’s money – which made further education possible. At this point, Peddie felt daunted at the prospect of leaving the

Laurence Llewelyn-Bowen

was about the first man to travel to space twice, and the correct answer to the question was Gus Grissom. They decided not to risk it this time and walked away with the £500,000. This amount is the highest amount that any celebrity couple has won on any British edition of "Who Wants To Be a Millionaire?" The £468,000 they originally lost was also the "greatest loss" ever seen on the show, and no other contestant has ever answered the final question incorrectly in the United Kingdom version. The allegedly misleading question was "Translated from the Latin, what is the

World population

World population

In demographics, the world population is the total number of humans currently living. It was estimated by the United Nations to have exceeded 8 billion in November 2022. It took over 200,000 years of human prehistory and history for the human population to reach one billion and only 219 years more to reach 8 billion.

The human population experienced continuous growth following the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the end of the Black Death in 1350, when it was nearly 370,000,000. The highest global population growth rates, with increases of over 1.8% per year, occurred between 1955 and 1975, peaking at 2.1% between 1965 and 1970. The growth rate declined to 1.1% between 2015 and 2020 and is projected to decline further in the 21st century. The UN Department of Economics and Social Affairs projects between 9 and 10 billion people by 2050 and gives an 80% confidence interval of 10–12 billion by the end of the 21st century, Other demographers predict that the human population will begin to decline in the second half of the 21st century.

The total number of births globally is currently (2015–2020) 140 million/year, which is projected to peak during the period 2040–2045 at 141 million/year and then decline slowly to 126 million/year by 2100.<ref name=":2" /> The total number of deaths is currently 57 million/year and is projected to grow steadily to 121 million/year by 2100.<ref name=":3" />

The median age of human beings is 31 years.

Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao

Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao

Manny Pacquiao is a Filipino former professional boxer who competed from 1995 to 2021. Regarded by boxing historians as one of the greatest professional boxers of all time, Pacquiao is the only boxer in history to win twelve major world titles in eight different weight divisions. He is also the first boxer in history to win the lineal championship in five different weight divisions, as well as being the first boxer in history to win major world titles in four of the original eight weight divisions of boxing, also known as the "glamour divisions": flyweight, featherweight, lightweight and welterweight.

In July 2019, Pacquiao became the oldest welterweight world champion in history at the age of 40, and the first boxer to become a recognized four-time welterweight champion after defeating Keith Thurman to win the WBA (Super) welterweight title. Pacquiao also holds the record of being the only boxer to hold world titles in four different decades, in the 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020s.

He was named Fighter of the Decade for the 2000s by the Boxing Writers Association of America (BWAA), WBC, WBO and HBO. He is also a three-time "Ring" magazine and BWAA Fighter of the Year, winning both awards in 2006, 2008 and 2009; and the Best Fighter ESPY Award in 2009 and 2011. In 2016, Pacquiao was ranked second on ESPN's list of top boxers, pound-for-pound, of the past 25 years. BoxRec ranks Pacquiao as the third greatest boxer, pound for pound, of all time, as well as the greatest Asian boxer of all time. Boxing historian Bert Sugar ranked Pacquiao as the greatest southpaw fighter of all time. In 2020, Pacquiao topped the Ranker's list of best boxers of the 21st century while Spanish media outlet "Marca" placed Pacquiao 16th on their Greatest Sportsmen of the 21st Century list.

Pacquiao was long rated as the best active boxer in the world, pound-for-pound, by most sporting news and boxing websites, including ESPN, "Sports Illustrated", "Sporting Life", Yahoo! Sports, About.com, BoxRec and "The Ring", beginning from his climb to lightweight until his losses at welterweight in 2012. He was also the longest reigning top-ten active boxer on "The Ring"'s pound-for-pound list.

Pacquiao has generated approximately 20.4 million total pay-per-view (PPV) buys and $1.29 billion in revenue from his 26 PPV bouts. According to "Forbes", he was the second highest paid athlete in the world in 2015.

The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). An adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 children's fantasy novel "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", the film was primarily directed by Victor Fleming (who left the production to take over the troubled "Gone with the Wind"), and stars Judy Garland, Frank Morgan, Ray Bolger, Bert Lahr, Jack Haley, Billie Burke, and Margaret Hamilton. Noel Langley, Florence Ryerson, and Edgar Allan Woolf received credit for the screenplay, while others made uncredited contributions. The music was composed by Harold Arlen and adapted by Herbert Stothart, with lyrics by Edgar "Yip" Harburg.

Characterized by its use of Technicolor, fantasy storytelling, musical score, and memorable characters, "The Wizard of Oz" was considered a critical success and was nominated for six Academy Awards including Best Picture, ultimately winning Best Original Song for "Over the Rainbow" and Best Original Score for Stothart. While the film was sufficiently popular at the box office, it failed to make a profit for MGM until its 1949 re-release, earning only $3 million on a $2.7 million budget, which made it MGM's most expensive production at that time.

The 1956 television broadcast premiere of the film on CBS reintroduced the film to the public; according to the U.S. Library of Congress, it is the most seen film in movie history. In 1989, it was selected by the Library of Congress as one of the first 25 films for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"; it is also one of few films on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. The film was ranked second in "Variety"s inaugural 100 Greatest Movies of All Time list published in 2022. It was among the top ten in the 2005 BFI (British Film Institute) list of "50 films to be seen by the age of 14", and is on the BFI's updated list of "50 films to be seen by the age of 15" released in May 2020. "The Wizard of Oz" has become the source of many quotes referenced in contemporary popular culture. The film frequently ranks on critics' lists of the greatest films of all time, and is the most commercially successful adaptation of L. Frank Baum's work.

Amelia Earhart

Ten Pound Poms (TV series)

Ten Pound Poms (TV series)

Ten Pound Poms is an upcoming British historical drama television series created by Danny Brocklehurst for BBC and Stan. The series stars Michelle Keegan, Faye Marsay and Warren Brown as British citizens who migrated to Australia after the Second World War. The series is set to premiere in 2023 and run for six episodes.

James Plaskett

coast in August 1999, in collaboration with Cliff Stanford of Demon Internet. After appearing four times at the qualifying stage of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", Plaskett, who had arrived with fellow Grandmaster and friend Stuart Conquest, got into the hot seat on a show broadcast on 21 January 2006. After becoming the seventh person to reach £125,000 without using any lifelines, he went on to win £250,000. He has been public in his defence of contestants Charles Ingram, Diana Ingram, and Tecwen Whittock, who were found guilty of cheating to win the £1 million top prize by means

Willie Gallacher (politician)

earliest ambitions was to earn enough money so that his mother would no longer have to work as a washerwoman. With his sisters, he finally achieved this goal at the age of nineteen, but his mother died shortly afterwards at the age of 54. He began working at ten years old, and left school aged twelve. After a spell as a delivery boy for a grocer – where he had his first dispute with an employer – he found work in a sanitary engineering workshop. He later had a spell as a steward on some transatlantic crossings, before beginning work

Julian Hodge

Wales, and the oldest of Britain's 1,000 richest people. He died at his home on Jersey, 3 months short of his 100th birthday. Julian Hodge Sir Julian Stephen Alfred Hodge (15 October 1904 – 17 July 2004) was a London-born entrepreneur and banker who lived in Wales for most of his life, from the age of five. He formed the Bank of Wales (originally known as the "Commercial Bank of Wales"), and later the Julian Hodge Bank in Cardiff. Julan Hodge was born on 15 October 1904 in Camberwell, south London, the son of an electrician. His mother was Irish.

Julian Hodge

School Pengam at age 13 but his mother encouraged him to read classic novels and recite poetry to further his education. His first job was as an assistant in a chemist's shop. He joined the Great Western Railway as a junior clerk in 1920 and studied accountancy in his spare time, qualifying as a corporate accountant in 1930. He went into business for himself as an accountant in 1934. He married Moira Thomas in 1951 and had three children. In the 2004 Sunday Times rich list his fortune was estimated at £48 Million, making him the 18th richest person in

Thomas Thistlewood

received training in mathematics and in "practical science." He inherited 200 pound sterling from his father at the age of six, but the majority of the estate was given to his brother, thereby giving him the opportunity to leave England. After a two-year voyage on one of the East India Company's ships as a supercargo, Thistlewood returned to England briefly at 29 and decided to seek employment in Jamaica, emigrating in 1750. On 1 February 1750, he boarded the Flamborough to Savanna la Mar, Jamaica. He had letters of recommendation but no arranged employment. He arrived on the island on

Fortune: Million Pound Giveaway

third episode showed a gifted athlete gain £30,000 to train for the 2012 Olympics, at £6,000/year as long as she remains in training. A man who had blown his fortune on high living was refused £25,000 to buy a racehorse and was scorned by the panel. In the fourth episode, the panel gave money to a history teacher called Dan Lyndon from Henry Compton School wishing to take 40 pupils to a World War I landsite, a wheel-chair basketball team wishing to employ new team members and to an old gentleman hoping to take his girlfriend on a romantic cruise

Richard Buxton (botanist)

with James Hyde, with whom he stayed for a number of years. At the age of 16, Buxton was illiterate, but with the aid of "The Common Spelling Book" he taught himself to read. He was unable to understand or pronounce all words correctly and so procured a copy of "Jones Pronouncing Dictionary". He read more books, such as "A History of England" and "Goldsmith's History of Greece and Rome." Reading occupied all his spare time, although when trade was good he had to work from 6:00 am until 9:00 pm. He earned about 14 to 15 shillings (70p-75p) a

Joseph Wright (linguist)

– in a Yorkshire mill in Sir Titus Salt's model village. Although he learnt his letters and numbers at the Salt's Factory School, he was unable to read a newspaper until he was 15. He later said of this time, "Reading and writing, for me, were as remote as any of the sciences". By now a wool-sorter earning £1 a week, Wright became increasingly fascinated with languages and began attending night-school to learn French, German and Latin, as well as maths and shorthand. At the age of 18 he even started his own night-school, charging his colleagues twopence a week.

Diana Serra Cary

over 1.2 million fan letters and by 1924, she had been dubbed "The Million Dollar Baby" for her $1.5 million a year salary ($22 million in 2018). Despite her childhood fame and wealth, she found herself poor and working as an extra by the 1930s. Having an interest in both writing and history since her youth, Montgomery found a second career as an author and silent film historian in her later years under the name Diana Serra Cary. She is the author of several books including her historical novel, "The Drowning of the Moon", and became an advocate for child

Reuben Singh

His first business, "Miss Attitude", was a retail chain which sold girls' accessories and opened in 1995 in the Manchester Arndale Centre. Within a few years, there were more than 100 Miss Attitude shops across the UK. He sold the business in 1999 for an undisclosed price while at university, by whihch point he has officially become the UK's youngest self-made millionaire. Reports in the British press initially suggested a sum that ranged wildly between £1 and £22m. Due to the deal being subject to a confidentiality agreement, the actual sum remains unknown. In early 2005 he was sued for

John Harrison

to be accurate to within one third of one second per day. King George then advised Harrison to petition Parliament for the full prize after threatening to appear in person to dress them down. Finally in 1773, when he was 80 years old, Harrison received a monetary award in the amount of £8,750 from Parliament for his achievements, but he never received the official award (which was never awarded to anyone). He was to survive for just three more years. In total, Harrison received £23,065 for his work on chronometers. He received £4,315 in increments from the Board of Longitude

Judith Keppel

Judith Keppel Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel (born 18 August 1942) was the first one-million-pound winner on the television game show "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" in the United Kingdom. She is the first person to have won a million pounds or more on a British television game show. She has appeared on the BBC Two quiz show "Eggheads" since 2003. Keppel's father Hon Walter Arnold Crispian Keppel (1914–1996) was a lieutenant commander in the Fleet Air Arm, who moved with the family to various naval postings around Britain until they settled in London when she was 17. She took

Ingram Wilcox

Ingram Wilcox Ingram Wilcox (born 1944) is a British quiz enthusiast who became the fifth and final person to win £1 million on "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" in the United Kingdom on 23 September 2006. When he reached the million-pound question, he had already used up all his lifelines. In two previous appearances he reached the "fastest finger first" stage but did not get through. His final question was "Which boxer was famous for striking the gong in the introduction to J. Arthur Rank films?" He correctly chose Bombardier Billy Wells to win the prize. In 1980 he

Ingram Wilcox

is the son of the painter Leslie Arthur Wilcox and brother of photographer William Wilcox. Ingram Wilcox Ingram Wilcox (born 1944) is a British quiz enthusiast who became the fifth and final person to win £1 million on "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" in the United Kingdom on 23 September 2006. When he reached the million-pound question, he had already used up all his lifelines. In two previous appearances he reached the "fastest finger first" stage but did not get through. His final question was "Which boxer was famous for striking the gong in the introduction to J. Arthur

Duncan Napier

earn extra money he bred pigeons and Russian rabbits, and delivered letters. Like many in the Victorian era, Duncan was brought up on small beer as water was often unclean. His diary, written in the third person, records that "The evil habits of Duncan were soon about to receive a check. Up till this period when he was sixteen years of age, he had never tasted water as a beverage. While going with his rolls one morning he met in with a gentleman to whom he owes his rescue from the shadow of drink." This was Mr John Hope of


Question: Which radio broadcaster was known as the Man In Black

The Man in Black (film)

The Man in Black (film) The Man in Black is a 1949 British thriller film directed by Francis Searle and starring Betty Ann Davies, Sheila Burrell and Sid James. It was adapted by Hammer Film Productions from the popular British radio series "Appointment with Fear" featuring Valentine Dyall. Dyall (The "Man in Black" of the radio series) here provides the on screen introduction to the film, as "The Story-Teller". After the death of her yogi father during a freak "yoga accident", Joan Clavering returns home to her widowed and suddenly very wealthy step-mother Bertha. The latter conspires with her daughter

Appointment with Fear (radio)

Dickson Carr. Appointment with Fear originally ran for ten series between 1943 and 1955, initially in the BBC Home Service and from September 1945 in the Light Programme. The Man in Black was played by the British character actor Valentine Dyall, except for the second series, which was presented by his father Franklin Dyall. Only four episodes are known to survive. The Man in Black was broadcast for one series of eight episodes in 1949, also on the Light Programme, and again presented by Valentine Dyall in the title role. No episodes are known to have survived. Fear on Four

Appointment with Fear (radio)

Appointment with Fear (radio)

ran for five series on BBC Radio 4 between 1988 and 1992, the part of the Man in Black being played by Edward de Souza. A fifth series was broadcast in 1997, this time without a narrator. An anthology of stories from the first two series was published by BBC Books in 1990. The series was revived again in 2009, on BBC Radio 4 Extra, this time as The Man in Black, with Mark Gatiss in the title role. It ran for four series between 2009 and 2011. Appointment with Fear (radio) Appointment with Fear was a horror drama series

Kevin Black (broadcaster)

Kevin Black (broadcaster) Kevin Black (1943 – 18 February 2013) was a New Zealand radio broadcaster. A former breakfast host on Auckland's Radio Hauraki, he was once the highest-paid private radio DJ in New Zealand. Black left St. Patrick's College, Wellington at the age of 15, and was a seaman with the British Merchant Navy, before moving into radio. Black died suddenly on 18 February 2013 after suffering a suspected heart attack at his home in Remuera, Auckland, just a few days short of his 70th birthday. His last on-air role was at the 60s and 70s radio station Solid

Appointment with Fear (radio)

Appointment with Fear (radio)

Appointment with Fear was a horror drama series originally broadcast on BBC Radio in the 1940s and 1950s, and revived on a number of occasions since. The format comprised a dramatised horror story of approximately half an hour in length, introduced by a character known as the Man in Black. The plays themselves were a mixture of classic horror stories by writers such as Edgar Allan Poe, M. R. James and W. W. Jacobs, and commissioned stories by new or established writers. Many of the stories in the early series were written or adapted by John Dickson Carr.

Valentine Dyall

Valentine Dyall

Valentine Dyall (7 May 1908 – 24 June 1985) was an English character actor. He worked regularly as a voice actor, and was known for many years as "The Man in Black", the narrator of the BBC Radio horror series "Appointment with Fear".

He was the son of the actor Franklin Dyall and the actress and author Mary Phyllis Joan Logan, who acted and wrote as Concordia Merrel.

Johnny Cash

Johnny Cash

John R. Cash (born J. R. Cash; February 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003) was an American country singer-songwriter. Much of Cash's music contained themes of sorrow, moral tribulation, and redemption, especially in the later stages of his career. He was known for his deep, calm bass-baritone voice, the distinctive sound of his Tennessee Three backing band characterized by train-like chugging guitar rhythms, a rebelliousness coupled with an increasingly somber and humble demeanor, and a trademark all-black stage wardrobe which earned him the nickname "The Man in Black".

Born to poor cotton farmers in Kingsland, Arkansas, Cash rose to fame during the mid-1950s in the burgeoning rockabilly scene in Memphis, Tennessee, after four years in the Air Force. He traditionally began his concerts by simply introducing himself, "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash", followed by "Folsom Prison Blues", one of his signature songs. His other signature songs include "I Walk the Line", "Ring of Fire", "Get Rhythm", and "Man in Black". He also recorded humorous numbers like "One Piece at a Time" and "A Boy Named Sue", a duet with his future wife June called "Jackson" (followed by many further duets after their wedding), and railroad songs such as "Hey, Porter", "Orange Blossom Special", and "Rock Island Line". During the last stage of his career, he covered songs by contemporary rock artists; among his most notable covers were "Hurt" by Nine Inch Nails, "Rusty Cage" by Soundgarden, and "Personal Jesus" by Depeche Mode.

Cash is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 90 million records worldwide. His genre-spanning music embraced country, rock and roll, rockabilly, blues, folk, and gospel sounds. This crossover appeal earned him the rare honor of being inducted into the Country Music, Rock and Roll, and Gospel Music Halls of Fame. His music career was dramatized in the 2005 biopic "Walk the Line", in which Cash was portrayed by American film actor Joaquin Phoenix.

Wolfman Jack

Wolfman Jack

Robert Weston Smith (January 21, 1938July 1, 1995), known as Wolfman Jack, was an American disc jockey active from 1960 till his death in 1995. Famous for his gravelly voice, he credited it for his success, saying, "It's kept meat and potatoes on the table for years for Wolfman and Wolfwoman. A couple of shots of whiskey helps it. I've got that nice raspy sound."

Men in black

Men in black

In popular culture and UFO conspiracy theories, men in black (MIB) are purported men dressed in black suits who claim to be quasi-government agents, who harass, threaten, or sometimes even assassinate unidentified flying object (UFO) witnesses to keep them quiet about what they have seen. The term is also frequently used to describe mysterious men working for unknown organizations, as well as various branches of government allegedly tasked with protecting secrets or performing other strange activities. The term is generic, used for any unusual, threatening, or strangely behaved individual whose appearance on the scene can be linked in some fashion with a UFO sighting. Several alleged encounters with the men in black have been reported by UFO researchers and enthusiasts. The "MIB" supposedly appeared throughout different moments in history.

Stories about men in black inspired the semi-comic science-fiction "Men in Black" franchise, and an album by the Stranglers.

Man in Black (song)

Man in Black (song) "Man in Black" (or "The Man in Black") is a protest song written and recorded by singer-songwriter Johnny Cash, originally released on his 1971 album of the same name. Cash himself was known as "The Man in Black" for his distinctive style of on-stage costuming. The lyrics are an after-the-fact explanation of this with the entire song as a protest statement against the treatment of poor people by wealthy politicians, mass incarceration, and the war in Vietnam. In the intro to his first performance of the song, Johnny Cash revealed he had talked to some of

Barry Gray (radio)

Barry Gray (radio) Barry Gray (born Bernard Yaroslaw; July 2, 1916 – December 21, 1996) was an American radio personality, often labeled as "The father of Talk Radio". Initially a disc jockey, Gray was working for New York's WMCA radio station in 1945 when he, bored one evening with simply spinning music, decided to put the telephone receiver up to his microphone and share his conversation with the listening audience. The caller that evening just happened to be bandleader Woody Herman, one of the most popular celebrities of the day. This spontaneous live interview was such a hit with both

The Man in Black (film)

Janice to drive Joan insane and deprive her of her rightful inheritance. "TV Guide" wrote, "The story is drivel, with some unintentionally campy plot developments. It was adapted from a British radio series, perhaps proving that some dramas are better heard than seen." "Fantastic Movie Musings and Ramblings" wrote, "One of Hammer's earlier forays into horror. This one is highly recommended." Leonard Maltin called it a "clever little thriller with some surprises and a rare noncomic role for James." The Man in Black (film) The Man in Black is a 1949 British thriller film directed by Francis Searle and starring

Arthur Black (humorist)

assistant. His broadcasting career started with CBC Radio in Toronto when he was hired in 1972 to contribute livestock reports to "Radio Noon". In 1974, he moved to CBC Radio station. CBQ in Thunder Bay to host that station's version of "Radio Noon" He was also a contributor to the regional weekend program "Fresh Air" for several years until "Basic Black" began as a national variety program, initially originating from Thunder Bay before relocating to Toronto a few years into its run, and finally to Vancouver in 1995 until it concluded its run. For television, he wrote and hosted "Weird

Alton H. Blackington

Alton H. Blackington Alton H. Blackington (1898–1963) was a photographer, writer, radio personality and television show host known for his features on life in New England. He was known as Blackie. Described as a "dyed-in-the-wool Yankee", he was a chronicler of New England lore and legend. His extensive photo collection included many shots from New England as well as others from his travels abroad and to the American Southwest as well as the ones he collected through his photo company. Blackington was born in Rockland, Maine. He served in the Navy during World War I. In 1919 be joined the

Radio Man

Radio Man Radioman (born 1951) is the nickname of a formerly homeless man in New York City who has become widely known from making over 100 cameo appearances in a number of films and TV shows. His real name has been cited as either Craig Castaldo or Craig Schwartz, although he is known as "Radioman" for the radio which he wears around his neck. He has made cameos in "30 Rock", "The Departed", "The Bourne Trilogy", "Shutter Island", "Just My Luck", "Romance & Cigarettes", "Elf", "Two Weeks Notice", "Glitter", "Keeping the Faith", "Godzilla", "Ransom", "Big Daddy", a deleted scene of

Man in Black (Lost)

Man in Black (Lost) The entity referred to most frequently as The Man in Black (referred to as The Smoke Monster by the main characters) is a fictional character and the main antagonist on the American ABC television series "Lost". He appeared primarily as a cloud of black smoke ("The Smoke Monster") until the final episode of season five, where he appeared as a middle-aged man dressed in black. In season six, he primarily appeared in the physical form of John Locke. He exhibited the ability to "scan" the minds and memories of others, allowing him to confront characters such

Leslie Mitchell (broadcaster)

commentary for the Movietone News and appeared as himself in the comedy film "The Black Sheep of Whitehall" in which comedian Will Hay drives him to a nervous breakdown. In 1946, suspecting that commercial broadcasting would eventually be allowed in the United Kingdom, he travelled to the United States and gained experience of the methods of publicity used there. In the post-war years he had a stint as Sir Alexander Korda's director of publicity, but was mainly a freelance writer, commentator and producer. In 1955 he joined Associated-Rediffusion, where he became senior announcer, and was also in charge of talks

Suspense (radio drama)

suspense themselves. This way, if the audience's curiosity got the better of them, they would write in to the network to find out whether the mysterious lodger was in fact Jack the Ripper. For the next few weeks, hundreds of letters came in from faithful listeners asking how the story ended. Actually a few wrote threats claiming that it was "indecent" and "immoral" to present such a production without giving the solution In the earliest years, the program was hosted by "The Man in Black" (played by Joseph Kearns or Ted Osborne) with many episodes written or adapted by the

Men in Black (The X-Files)

their accounts. Man in Black #2, played by Alex Trebek, was the first Man in Black's partner in the same episode. As Men in Black are supposed to appear so ridiculous that stories of encountering them are widely disbelieved, this character's obvious resemblance to Trebek is played up as a plot point, with Jose Chung interrupting Scully to inquire as to whether she really meant to bring up "Alex Trebek? The game show host?" The Plain-Clothed Man, played by Tim Henry, was a subordinate of X. He was used to relay information to Fox Mulder, as it was too risky

Leonard Banning

to 1945. Initially he worked for the German "Büro Concordia" organisation which from February 1940 operated several black propaganda radio stations, such as "Radio National", staffed by collaborators and Nazi sympathisers who purported to be broadcasting from within wartime Britain. Banning was initially enthusiastic in his work, being described by a colleague as "the driving force behind the NBBS". On air, he used the pseudonyms of "John Brown" and "William Brown" and at first he was allowed to be a free agent, with his "Between Ourselves" talks that he broadcast to his British audience being both scripted and read by

Radio Man

reportedly stated Robin Williams is his favorite celebrity and that Martin Scorsese is his favorite director with whom to work. Radio Man Radioman (born 1951) is the nickname of a formerly homeless man in New York City who has become widely known from making over 100 cameo appearances in a number of films and TV shows. His real name has been cited as either Craig Castaldo or Craig Schwartz, although he is known as "Radioman" for the radio which he wears around his neck. He has made cameos in "30 Rock", "The Departed", "The Bourne Trilogy", "Shutter Island", "Just My

Arthur Black (humorist)

Arthur Black (humorist) Arthur Raymond Black (30 August 1943 – 21 February 2018) was a Canadian humorist and radio personality best known as the longtime host, from 1983 to 2002, of "Basic Black" on CBC Radio One which had a weekly audience of more than 600,000 listeners. He also wrote a series of 19 humorous books and for 40 years wrote a weekly humour column which began in 1976 in a local Thunder Bay newspaper called "Lakehead Living" and at its peak was syndicated to more than 50 newspapers in Canada and internationally. Black's father, also named Arthur, ran a

Man in Black (Lost)

more interesting. In a comedic short shown at Comic-Con 2011, the man in black is "revealed" to be named Barry. Man in Black (Lost) The entity referred to most frequently as The Man in Black (referred to as The Smoke Monster by the main characters) is a fictional character and the main antagonist on the American ABC television series "Lost". He appeared primarily as a cloud of black smoke ("The Smoke Monster") until the final episode of season five, where he appeared as a middle-aged man dressed in black. In season six, he primarily appeared in the physical form of

Men in black

to fear they would be subject to organized intimidation in retaliation for discovering "the truth of the UFOs". In 1947, Harold Dahl claimed to have been warned not to talk about his alleged UFO sighting on Maury Island by a man in a dark suit. In the mid-1950s, the ufologist Albert K. Bender claimed he was visited by men in dark suits who threatened and warned him not to continue investigating UFOs. Bender maintained that the men in black were secret government agents who had been given the task of suppressing evidence of UFOs. The ufologist John Keel claimed to


Question: What is the bell and blanket technique used for

Blanket training

Blanket training Blanket training is an allocated amount of time during the day where an infant or toddler is required to remain on a blanket or play mat for a limited period of time, with a few selected toys. Many of those doing it have voiced online that they start by doing five minutes a day and build up the intervals over time, with some extending it to 30 minutes or more. Proponents believe that blanket training trains very young children to have self control. Critics of the technique cite the use of corporal punishment in conjunction with blanket training,

Blanket training

though this is not necessarily involved - the system is focused on rewards such as the toys and regular positive reinforcement rather than punishment. Proponents of blanket training cite the technique as a means to keep very young children occupied and in a safe place while a parent is busy with tasks nearby, or in public places such as a crowded park. Blanket training is a method adapted from the methods encouraged in "To Train Up a Child", a controversial parenting book which includes and advocates techniques that have been linked to multiple child deaths. Blanket training Blanket training is

Casualty lifting

stretcher must be unfolded, and the hinges secured and tested: a first responder presses the cloth with his knee at several points. When a vacuum mattress is used, it must be put on the stretcher, and the balls must be evenly distributed. A blanket is often used since hypothermia is a major risk for a casualty. The blanket must be wrapped around the casualty to avoid the heat leak from below (this is not necessary when the stretcher has a mattress, e.g. a vacuum mattress, or in case of an ambulance stretcher). For this purpose, the blanket is put before

Activities of daily living assistance

knees and push with their legs while their chin is to their chest to prevent neck injury. The patient is pulled up either by the friction reducing sheet or draw sheet. For a bed bath, a bath blanket is put over the patient and only the area washed is exposed at a time for privacy and warmth. To make a mitt out of a washcloth, the fingers and palm of the dominant hand are placed over the washcloth and the washcloth is folded over the fingers and palm. The remaining part of the washcloth not covering the fingers and palms

Blanket stitch

Blanket stitch The blanket stitch is a stitch used to reinforce the edge of thick materials. Depending on circumstances, it may also be called a ""cable stitch"" or a ""crochet stitch"". It is "a decorative stitch used to finish an unhemmed blanket. The stitch can be seen on both sides of the blanket." This stitch has long been both an application by hand and as a machine sewn stitch. When done by hand, it is sometimes considered a crochet stitch, used to join pieces together to make a blanket or other larger item. It is used in sewing leather pieces

Blanket training

Blanket training

Blanket training is an allocated amount of time during the day where an infant or toddler is required to remain on a blanket or play mat for a limited period of time, with a few selected toys. When the child moves to leave the blanket, parents are instructed to hit the child with a flexible ruler or another similar object. Many of those doing it have voiced online that they start by doing five minutes a day and build up the intervals over time, with some extending it to 30 minutes or more. Proponents believe that blanket training helps very young children to learn self-control. Critics of the technique cite the use of corporal punishment in conjunction with blanket training, although this is not necessarily involved. The system is focused on rewards such as the toys given to the child, and regular positive reinforcement rather than punishment. Proponents of blanket training cite the technique as a means to keep very young children occupied and in a safe place while a parent is busy with tasks nearby, or in public places such as a crowded park.

Blanket training, also known as 'blanket time,' is a method adapted from the methods encouraged in "To Train Up a Child", a controversial parenting book which includes and advocates techniques that have been linked to multiple child deaths.

Dr. Robert Bucknam, M.D., and co-author Gary Ezzo are also proponents of blanket training, as referenced in their "On Becoming Babywise" system of parent-centered child-rearing that has been associated with infantile failure to thrive, dehydration, malnutrition, problems with milk supply in breastfeeding mothers, and involuntary early weaning.

Weaving

Weaving

Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. Other methods are knitting, crocheting, felting, and braiding or plaiting. The longitudinal threads are called the warp and the lateral threads are the weft, woof, or filling. ("Weft" is an Old English word meaning "that which is woven"; compare "leave" and "left".) The method in which these threads are interwoven affects the characteristics of the cloth.
Cloth is usually woven on a loom, a device that holds the warp threads in place while filling threads are woven through them. A fabric band that meets this definition of cloth (warp threads with a weft thread winding between) can also be made using other methods, including tablet weaving, back strap loom, or other techniques that can be done without looms.

The way the warp and filling threads interlace with each other is called the weave. The majority of woven products are created with one of three basic weaves: plain weave, satin weave, or twill weave. Woven cloth can be plain or classic (in one colour or a simple pattern), or can be woven in decorative or artistic design.

Waterboarding

Waterboarding

Waterboarding is a form of torture in which water is poured over a cloth covering the face and breathing passages of an immobilized captive, causing the person to experience the sensation of drowning. In the most common method of waterboarding, the captive's face is covered with cloth or some other thin material and immobilized on their back at an incline of 10 to 20 degrees. Torturers pour water onto the face over the breathing passages, causing an almost immediate gag reflex and creating a drowning sensation for the captive. Normally, water is poured intermittently to prevent death. However, if the water is poured uninterruptedly it will lead to death by asphyxia, also called dry drowning. Waterboarding can cause extreme pain, damage to lungs, brain damage from oxygen deprivation, other physical injuries including broken bones due to struggling against restraints, and lasting psychological damage. Adverse physical effects can last for months, and psychological effects for years. The term "water board torture" appeared in press reports as early as 1976.

Waterboarding has been used in diverse places and at various points in history, including the Spanish and Flemish Inquisitions, by the United States military during the Philippine–American War, by Japanese and German officials during World War II, and by South African police during the Apartheid era. In the wake of World War II, the U.S. executed Japanese war criminals convicted of, among other crimes, waterboarding American prisoners of war.<ref name=politifact/> Historically, waterboarding has been viewed as an especially severe form of torture.

The use of waterboarding became a matter of public controversy in the United States during the War on Terror in the 2000s. In 2002 and 2003, the CIA waterboarded at least three Al-Qaeda suspects: Abu Zubaydah, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, and Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri. The CIA relied on the then-secret torture memos, prepared by the Department of Justice's Office of Legal Counsel, which authorized the use of so-called "enhanced interrogation techniques", including waterboarding, on extrajudicial prisoners of the United States. In December 2005, the United States passed the Detainee Treatment Act, which banned U.S. military from using torture (including waterboarding); the bill was signed into law by President George W. Bush. However, the law did not affect the CIA's use of waterboarding.<ref name="auto"/> When Congress passed a bill restricting the use of waterboarding by the CIA in 2008, President Bush vetoed it.<ref name=eggen20080308/> In January 2009, U.S. President Barack Obama signed Executive Order 13491, which banned the use of waterboarding and other forms of torture in interrogations of detainees by any government agency. In April 2009, President Obama stated that he considered waterboarding to be torture.<ref name=obama/>

Bedwetting alarm

Bedwetting alarm

A bedwetting alarm is a behavioral treatment for nocturnal enuresis.

Swaddling

Swaddling

Swaddling is an age-old practice of wrapping infants in blankets or similar cloths so that movement of the limbs is tightly restricted. Swaddling bands were often used to further restrict the infant. Swaddling fell out of favour in the 17th century.

A few authors are said to be of the opinion that swaddling is becoming popular again, although medical and psychological opinion on the effects of swaddling is largely against. Some modern medical studies indicate that swaddling helps babies fall asleep and to remain asleep and helps to keep the baby in a supine position, which lowers the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).<ref name="waking">
</ref> However, another study indicated that swaddling increased the risk of SIDS. Additionally, emerging evidence is showing that certain swaddling techniques may increase the risk of developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Alexander Technique

is deliberately omitted because of a common mistaken assumption that there exists a "correct" position. There are only two specific procedures that are practiced by the student; the first is lying semi-supine. Resting in this way uses "mechanical advantage" as a means of redirecting long-term and short-term accumulated muscular tension into a more integrated and balanced state. This position is sometimes referred to as "constructive rest", or "the balanced resting state". It's also a specific time to practice Alexander's principle of conscious "directing" without "doing". The second exercise is the "Whispered Ah", which is used to co-ordinate freer breathing and

Handbell

a ringer has quick access to several bells. There are other ways to play music besides traditional ringing. Other techniques include plucking, shaking (or trilling), table damping (or martellato), and malleting bells (on the table or suspended). Echo technique adds a brief pulse of increased volume to a sustained note. This is accomplished by gently touching the rim of a vibrating bell to the table. Gyro is a technique that involves holding the bell in a vertical position, then rotating it clockwise or counterclockwise slowly to create a small vibrating sound; this can also be done horizontally to push the

Handbell

two bells can be rung in short succession, using the table to damp and free the hand to pick up the next bell. If the ringing sequence requires bells to be rung in tonal order, this technique often results in a weaving pattern as the ringer must often reach across his or her body for the next bell. Weaving can also be used in combination with the four-in-hand in a technique called "traveling four-in-hand". By combining the ability to hold two bells in each hand with the ability to quickly drop and pick up the secondary bell of a four-in-hand,

Blanket stitch

so did the capacity of manufacturers to produce goods with the whip stitch. The blanket stitch is commonly used as a decorative stitch on an array of garments. Besides blankets, it is used on sweaters, outerwear, swimsuits, home furnishings, pillows, and much more. There are many styles of production blanket stitching, including rolled, narrow, with elastic, and traditional (see photos below). Additionally, the term "blanket stitch" has become a verb, describing the application of the stitch. Blanket stitch The blanket stitch is a stitch used to reinforce the edge of thick materials. Depending on circumstances, it may also be called

Blanket exercise

a series of blanket exercises were held in capital cities across Canada, culminating in a workshop on Parliament Hill on May 31, with more than 800 participants. Blanket exercise The blanket exercise is an interactive educational program that teaches the history of indigenous peoples in Canada. The program was created in response to the 1996 report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, and is used as a teaching tool across Canada. The 1996 report of the Royal Commission of Aboriginal Peoples contained recommendations to improve relationships between indigenous and non-indigenous Canadians, including education as one of the key steps

Photo blanket

techniques and more efficient manufacturing, but the primary meaning has remained very similar. People display meaningful photos that represent memories and reveal history. Adding text or symbols communicate language and add to the blanket’s storytelling aspect. Photo blankets are used throughout the home for displaying pictures and images as objects of decor, for warmth, or to be given and received as gifts. Uses in home decor include furniture coverings and as decorative displays of a design or photograph. Photo blankets can be used to cuddle up for warmth either in or outdoors. They are often given as wedding, birthday, Christmas,

Blanket order

uses the term "blanket purchase agreements" or BPAs. According to the U.S. General Services Administration, BPAs: Blanket order A blanket order, blanket purchase agreement or call-off order is a purchase order which a customer places with its supplier to allow multiple delivery dates over a period of time, often negotiated to take advantage of predetermined pricing. It is normally used when there is a recurring need for expendable goods. Blanket orders are often used when a customer buys large quantities and has obtained special discounts. Based on the blanket order, sales orders ('blanket releases' or 'release orders') and invoice items

Space blanket

are constructed of PET film, they can be used for other applications for which this material is useful, such as insulating containers—e.g. for DIY solar projects—and other applications. In addition to the space blanket, the United States military also uses a similar blanket called the "casualty blanket". It uses a thermal reflective layer similar to the space blanket, backed by an olive drab colored reinforcing outer layer. It provides greater durability and warmth than a basic space blanket at the cost of greater bulk and weight. It is also used as a partial liner inside the layers of bivouac sacks

Thermal blanket

consist of nichrome wires in a ceramic insulator. Like the thermal blankets, the heating temperature could reach as high as 900 °C, heating adjacent regions through heat conduction. Vacuum is also applied to withdraw broken contaminants. It is reported that the application of the thermal blanket is limited and this could be attributed to a number of concerns. For example, as a contaminant becomes heated, it may leak outside of the area of the thermal blanket. Therefore, the blanket must completely cover the contaminated area and have a strong enough vacuum to prohibit the spread of contamination. Incomplete destruction of

CV4 technique

CV4 technique CV4 or CV4 Bulb decompression is a technique used by osteopathic physicians to reduce anxiety and other complaints. Research has suggested that this technique reduces pain, decreases sleep latency, and decreases sympathetic activity. Physiologically CV4 is believed to facilitate extension phase of the Primary Respiratory Movement (PRM), resist the flexion phase of PRM and inhibit the occipital flexion phase. Other research has not always shown this technique to offer any advantages over "touch." The CV-4 technique is done with the patient lying supine with the physician's thenar eminences cradling the occiput with the fingers left free. The physician

Blanket exercise

Blanket exercise The blanket exercise is an interactive educational program that teaches the history of indigenous peoples in Canada. The program was created in response to the 1996 report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, and is used as a teaching tool across Canada. The 1996 report of the Royal Commission of Aboriginal Peoples contained recommendations to improve relationships between indigenous and non-indigenous Canadians, including education as one of the key steps to reconciliation. In response to these recommendations, KAIROS, a Canadian faith-based ecumenical organization, developed the program in 1997 in consultation with indigenous elders and representatives. The Truth

Handbell

clapper swings outward. Ringers with good control can then ring the first bell without ringing the third, allowing him or her to play three notes in one hand. Weaving is the technique of playing a succession of bells by changing which bell is in each hand as required. This is used by bass and solo or small-ensemble ringers. The large size and weight of bass bells makes four-in-hand ringing impractical and impossible, and often a solo or small-ensemble ringer will need to move up and down a range of bells, possibly sharing them with others. This technique means more than

Blanket order

Blanket order A blanket order, blanket purchase agreement or call-off order is a purchase order which a customer places with its supplier to allow multiple delivery dates over a period of time, often negotiated to take advantage of predetermined pricing. It is normally used when there is a recurring need for expendable goods. Blanket orders are often used when a customer buys large quantities and has obtained special discounts. Based on the blanket order, sales orders ('blanket releases' or 'release orders') and invoice items can be created as needed until the contract is fulfilled, the end of the order period

Bair Hugger

a flexible hose to the single-use blanket. Warm air from the warming unit passes through the flexible hose and into the blanket. Once the warmed air reaches the blanket it exits through a series of micro-perforations on the underside of the blanket, warming the patient's skin in an area not involved in the surgical procedure. The Bair Hugger system warms effectively due to the properties of convection and radiation; heat transfer improves with the movement of warmed air across the surface of the patient's skin. Up to 64 percent of the patient's body surface may be recruited for heat transfer,

Space blanket

in very cold weather climates. Space blankets are also used by the Taliban to hide their heat signature from NATO forces. Space blanket A space blanket (depending on the function, also known as a Mylar blanket, emergency blanket, first aid blanket, safety blanket, thermal blanket, weather blanket, heat sheet, or commonly referred to as shock blankets) is an especially low-weight, low-bulk blanket made of heat-reflective thin plastic sheeting. They are used on the exterior surfaces of spacecraft for thermal control, as well as by people. Their design reduces the heat loss in a person's body, which would otherwise occur due


Question: Which bird uses a stone for breaking the shells of snails

thrush
Thrush
Thrush (zoology)
thrush disambiguation
thrush zoology
Thrush (disambiguation)

Lānaʻi hookbill

structure of the bill, it has been suggested that this unique bill was used as a pincer, with the tips of both mandibles touching. The hookbill could have used this movement to pluck fruits or flowers for consumption, or it may have been used to extract snails from their shells. It is also possible that the bird could have crushed a snail shell between its mandibles and then used its tongue to ingest the meat and expel the shell out of the open sides of the beak. There is no recorded information on the Lānai hookbill's breeding behavior. However, the

Anvil

open the shells of molluscs much as thrushes do, to sea otters that bring stones to the surface and drift on their backs, holding the stones on their chests as anvils on which they break open clams and similar hard-shelled prey. Gulls of various species, some crows, and large birds of prey smash open hard food items, such as bones and tortoises, by dropping them onto rocks. Anvil firing is the practice of firing an anvil into the air using gunpowder. It has been popular in California, the eastern United States and the southern United States, much like how fireworks

Song thrush

the blackbird, the song thrush finds animal prey by sight, has a run-and-stop hunting technique on open ground, and will rummage through leaf-litter seeking potential food items. Land snails are an especially important food item when drought or hard weather makes it hard to find other food. The thrush often uses a favourite stone as an "anvil" on which to break the shell of the snail before extracting the soft body and invariably wiping it on the ground before consumption. Young birds initially flick objects and attempt to play with them until they learn to use anvils as tools to

Molluscivore

and enormous, molar-like teeth allowed them to prey on molluscs and brachiopods by plucking their prey off of the substrate, and crushing the shells. Among birds, the eponymous shorebirds known as oystercatchers are renowned for feeding upon bivalves. At least one bird of prey is also primarily a molluscivore—the snail kite, "Rostrhamus sociabilis". The limpkin is a small rail-like bird that feeds almost entirely on apple snails. Other birds that will eat molluscs occasionally include mergansers, ducks, coots, dippers and spoonbills. Cone snails: Some cone snails hunt and eat other kinds of snails, such as cowries, olive shells, turbo snails,

Anvil

predate historical human practice, there being a fair number of examples among various species of animals. Some of the most thoroughly documented ethological examples of tool use by animals in the wild were of chimpanzees observed using hammers of wood or stone to crack nuts, with logs or rocks serving as anvils. Less formally, birds such as some species of thrush have been known for centuries to crack the shells of the snails they feed on, by striking them on rocks. Other species of birds have similar habits, notably some of the tropical pittas, and individual birds of many such

Song thrush

Song thrush

The song thrush (Turdus philomelos) is a thrush that breeds across the West Palearctic. It has brown upper-parts and black-spotted cream or buff underparts and has three recognised subspecies. Its distinctive song, which has repeated musical phrases, has frequently been referred to in poetry.

The song thrush breeds in forests, gardens and parks, and is partially migratory with many birds wintering in southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East; it has also been introduced into New Zealand and Australia. Although it is not threatened globally, there have been serious population declines in parts of Europe, possibly due to changes in farming practices.

The song thrush builds a neat mud-lined cup nest in a bush or tree and lays four to five dark-spotted blue eggs. It is omnivorous and has the habit of using a favourite stone as an "anvil" on which to break open the shells of snails. Like other perching birds (passerines), it is affected by external and internal parasites and is vulnerable to predation by cats and birds of prey.

Tool use by non-humans

Molluscivore

Molluscivore

A molluscivore is a carnivorous animal that specialises in feeding on molluscs such as gastropods, bivalves, brachiopods and cephalopods. Known molluscivores include numerous predatory (and often cannibalistic) molluscs, (e.g.octopuses, murexes, decollate snails and oyster drills), arthropods such as crabs and firefly larvae, and, vertebrates such as fish, birds and mammals. Molluscivory is performed in a variety ways with some animals highly adapted to this method of feeding behaviour. A similar behaviour, durophagy, describes the feeding of animals that consume hard-shelled or exoskeleton bearing organisms, such as corals, shelled molluscs, or crabs.

Land snail

Land snail

A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. "Land snail" is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as slugs). However, it is not always easy to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less amphibious between land and fresh water, and others are relatively amphibious between land and salt water.

Land snails are a polyphyletic group comprising at least ten independent evolutionary transitions to terrestrial life (the last common ancestor of all gastropods was marine). The majority of land snails are pulmonates that have a lung and breathe air. Most of the non-pulmonate land snails belong to lineages in the Caenogastropoda, and tend to have a gill and an operculum. The largest clade of land snails is the Cyclophoroidea, with more than 7,000 species. Many of these operculate land snails live in habitats or microhabitats that are sometimes (or often) damp or wet, such as in moss.

Land snails have a strong muscular foot; they use mucus to enable them to crawl over rough surfaces and to keep their soft bodies from drying out. Like other mollusks, land snails have a mantle, and they have one or two pairs of tentacles on their head. Their internal anatomy includes a radula and a primitive brain.
In terms of reproduction, many caenogastropod land snails (e.g., diplommatinids) are dioecious, but pulmonate land snails are hermaphrodites (they have a full set of organs of both sexes) and most lay clutches of eggs in the soil. Tiny snails hatch out of the egg with a small shell in place, and the shell grows spirally as the soft parts gradually increase in size. Most land snails have shells that are right-handed in their coiling.

A wide range of different vertebrate and invertebrate animals prey on land snails. They are used as food by humans in various cultures worldwide, and are raised on farms in some areas for use as food.

Durophagy

Durophagy

Durophagy is the eating behavior of animals that consume hard-shelled or exoskeleton bearing organisms, such as corals, shelled mollusks, or crabs. It is mostly used to describe fish, but is also used when describing reptiles, including fossil turtles, placodonts and invertebrates, as well as "bone-crushing" mammalian carnivores such as hyenas. Durophagy requires special adaptions, such as blunt, strong teeth and a heavy jaw. Bite force is necessary to overcome the physical constraints of consuming more durable prey and gain a competitive advantage over other organisms by gaining access to more diverse or exclusive food resources earlier in life. Those with greater bite forces require less time to consume certain prey items as a greater bite force can increase the net rate of energy intake when foraging and enhance fitness in durophagous species.

In the order Carnivora there are two dietary categories of durophagy; bonecrackers and bamboo eaters. Bonecrackers are exemplified by hyenas and borophagines, while bamboo eaters are primarily the giant panda and the red panda. Both have developed similar cranial morphology. However, the mandible morphology reveals more about their dietary resources. Both have a raised and dome-like anterior cranium, enlarged areas for the attachment of masticatory muscles, enlarged premolars, and reinforced tooth enamel. Bamboo eaters tend to have larger mandibles, while bonecrackers have more sophisticated premolars.

Rainbow pitta

that have fallen to the ground, as well as frogs and lizards. The species forages individually by hopping on the forest floor, then pausing to scan; leaves and soil are scratched by the feet and leaves may be flicked away by the bill. When feeding on snails, it breaks them out of the shells using roots as an anvil. Unlike the noisy pitta, it only uses roots and branches as anvils, not stones. Larger prey like large centipedes are shaken and dropped, then the bird retreats for a few seconds before repeating the process. The rainbow pitta is monogamous during

Song thrush

to changes in farming practices. The song thrush builds a neat mud-lined cup nest in a bush or tree and lays four to five dark-spotted blue eggs. It is omnivorous and has the habit of using a favourite stone as an "anvil" on which to break open the shells of snails. Like other perching birds (passerines), it is affected by external and internal parasites and is vulnerable to predation by cats and birds of prey. The song thrush was described by German ornithologist Christian Ludwig Brehm in 1831, and still bears its original scientific name, "Turdus philomelos". The generic name,

Emu

("Cactoblastis cactorum ") whose larvae fed on the plant, one of the earliest examples of biological control. Small stones are swallowed to assist in the grinding up and digestion of the plant material. Individual stones may weigh and the birds may have as much as in their gizzards at one time. They also eat charcoal, although the reason for this is unclear. Captive emus have been known to eat shards of glass, marbles, car keys, jewellery, and nuts and bolts. Emus drink infrequently, but ingest large amounts when the opportunity arises. They typically drink once a day, first inspecting the

Helix (gastropod)

the polysaccharide cellulose into simple sugars. Many predators, both specialist and generalist, feed on snails. Some animals, such as the song thrush, break the shell of the snail by hammering it against a hard object, such as stone, in order to expose its edible insides. Other predators, such as some species of frogs, circumvent the need to break snail shells by simply swallowing the snail whole, shell and all. Some carnivorous species of snails, such as the decollate snail and the rosy wolf snail, also prey on "Helix" snails. Such carnivorous snails are commercially grown and sold in order to

Trochulus hispidus

the plumage of a great tit ("Parus major") wintering in SW Poland in 2010. This passerine was the smallest bird species reported to carry a gastropod. Trochulus hispidus Trochulus hispidus, previously known as Trichia hispida, common name, the "hairy snail", is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. This species occurs in a number of European countries and islands including: Western Europe: Northern Europe: Central Europe: Southern Europe: Eastern Europe: The 3-6 x 5-11 mm shell has 5-6 moderately convex whorls which are rounded or very

Tool use by animals

when breaking open nuts, for example, pieces of wood being used as a wedge. Several birds have wrapped a piece of leaf around a nut to hold it in place. This behaviour is also shown by palm cockatoos ("Probosciger aterrimus"). It seems that the hyacinth macaw has an innate tendency to use tools during manipulation of nuts, as naïve juveniles tried out a variety of objects in combination with nuts. When an Egyptian vulture ("Neophron percnopterus") encounters a large egg, it takes a stone into its beak and forcefully throws it at the egg until the shell is broken, usually

Grey-necked rockfowl

the leaf litter away with its beak. It also frequently follows columns of "Dorylus" ants, feeding on the insects flushed by the ants. It also is known to hunt in streams for crabs and fish. It crushes snails with its beak and, if its prey struggles, smashes it against the ground. While an uncommon occurrence, male rockfowl have been observed giving food to a female. The grey-necked rockfowl feeds on a diverse range of invertebrates and small vertebrates, though plant matter does constitute a major part of its diet. It is known to eat beetles, including weevils, rove beetles, and

Moa

twigs and leaves taken from low trees and shrubs. The beak of "Pachyornis" "elephantopus" was analogous to a pair of secateurs, and was able to clip the fibrous leaves of New Zealand flax ("Phormium" "tenax") and twigs up to at least 8 mm in diameter. Like many other birds, moa swallowed "gizzard stones" (gastroliths), which were retained in their muscular gizzards, providing a grinding action that allowed them to eat coarse plant material. These stones were commonly smooth, rounded quartz pebbles, but stones over in length have been found amongst preserved moa gizzard contents. "Dinornis" gizzards could often contain several

Durophagy

shell makes up a large portion of their weight. Bivalves and snails are largely consumed whole by ducks and wading birds. The molluscivores that swallow snails or bivalves whole have large well-modularized gizzards for crushing the strong shells. The gizzard of red-necked stints and red knots is more than ten times larger than the proventriculus. The size of the gizzard is adaptable in these shore birds, becoming atrophied when soft food items like worms are consumed and increasing in size and muscularity following prolonged consumption of snails, cockles or mussels. The production of chitinase for the hydrolysis of chitin is

Egyptian vulture

pebbles to jagged rocks. This behaviour, although it was believed that it was first reported by Jane Goodall in 1966, it was actually already known to Africans and was first reported by J. G. Wood in 1877. However, this has only been reported in Africa and has not been recorded in "N. p. ginginianus". Tests with both hand-reared and wild birds suggest that the behaviour is innate, not learnt by observing other birds, and displayed once they associate eggs with food and have access to pebbles. Another case of tool-use described from Bulgaria involves the use of a twig as

Origin of birds

was required to feed the young dinosaur, possibly the adult dinosaur regurgitated food into the young dinosaur's mouth ("see" altricial). This behaviour is seen in numerous bird species; parent birds regurgitate food into the hatchling's mouth. Both birds and dinosaurs use gizzard stones. These stones are swallowed by animals to aid digestion and break down food and hard fibres once they enter the stomach. When found in association with fossils, gizzard stones are called gastroliths. Gizzard stones are also found in some fish (mullets, mud shad, and the gillaroo, a type of trout) and in crocodiles. On several occasions, the

Black turnstone

inland US states including Montana, Wisconsin, Nevada and Arizona. Vagrant birds have been recorded from Yukon and the Northwest Territories and there is one record from San Cristóbal Island in the Galápagos Islands. It feeds mainly on invertebrates, particularly crustaceans and mollusks in winter and insects during the breeding season. Seeds, eggs and carrion are also taken. At the breeding grounds it mainly feeds in wet meadows with sedges. In winter, its typical habitat is rocky coasts but it also feeds on beaches, mudflats and man-made structures such as jetties and breakwaters. It uses its bill to turn over stones,

Tool use by sea otters

paws and the seam of the two shells contacts the stone in a pounding instance. Mussels are pounded against rock or stones at a rate of two pounds per second. It takes approximately 35 blows to crack open a mussel. In order to extract abalones from their substrate, otters demonstrate a hammering method by picking up rocks from the bottom of the ocean and hammering the abalone free from the substrate. Once on the surface, the otter may use the anvil method to continue to crack the abalone shell. Otters may also use a stone to hammer a prey item

Greater vasa parrot

otherwise they roost in large noisy flocks in the tops of large trees. A lookout warns of danger. Greater vasa parrots in Lincolnshire Wildlife Park have been recorded using grinding technology – the first non-human animal to be observed doing this. They were observed holding date stones and pebbles in their beak to grind calicium-rich dust from seashells. It happens most frequently just before the breeding season and the males were observed doing it more often. A possible explanation is the females need the extra calcium to build eggshells and the males feed them with regurgitated food. This bird is

Bivalvia

mussel ("Dreissena polymorpha"). Birds such as the Eurasian oystercatcher ("Haematopus ostralegus") have specially adapted beaks which can pry open their shells. The herring gull ("Larus argentatus") sometimes drops heavy shells onto rocks in order to crack them open. Sea otters feed on a variety of bivalve species and have been observed to use stones balanced on their chests as anvils on which to crack open the shells. The Pacific walrus ("Odobenus rosmarus divergens") is one of the main predators feeding on bivalves in Arctic waters. Shellfish have formed part of the human diet since prehistoric times, a fact evidenced by


Question: Which is the only sign of the Zodiac to start and finish with the same letter

Saggattarius
saggatarius
Sagitarrius
Sagittarius (disambiguation)
sagittarius dwarf
Saggattarrius
saggittarius
Sagittarius Dwarf
Saggitarrius
Saggittarius
Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
Sagittarius (dwarf galaxy)
sagitarius
Sagittarius Galaxy
sagittarius disambiguation
Sagittarius dwarf
saggitarrius
Saggitarius
sagitarrius
saggatarrius
sagittarius
Sagitarius
Sagittarius
Saggatarius
sagittarius galaxy
Saggatarrius
saggittarrius
Saggittarrius
saggitarius
saggattarrius
sagittarius dwarf galaxy
Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy
Sagittarius galaxy
saggattarius

Astrological sign

those that end with an odd number are Yin (representing feminine, passive and darkness). Astrological sign In Western astrology, astrological signs are the twelve 30° sectors of the ecliptic, starting at the vernal equinox (one of the intersections of the ecliptic with the celestial equator), also known as the First Point of Aries. The order of the astrological signs is Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces. The concept of the zodiac originated in Babylonian astrology, and was later influenced by Hellenistic culture. According to astrology, celestial phenomena relate to human activity on the

Astronomical symbols

a Greek letter and the symbol for the constellation of the star was sometimes used instead. The ecliptic was sometimes divided into 12 "signs", each subdivided into 30 degrees, and the "sign" component of ecliptic longitude was expressed either with a number from 0 to 11 or with the corresponding zodiac symbol. In modern academic usage, all the constellations, including the twelve of the zodiac, have dedicated three-letter abbreviations. The zodiac symbols are also sometimes used to represent points on the ecliptic, particularly the solstices and equinoxes. Each symbol is taken to represent the "first point" of each sign. Thus,

Azoth

of the Philosophers by Basil Valentine and the Hieroglyphic Monad of Dr. John Dee. The term was considered by occultist Aleister Crowley to represent a unity of beginning and ending by tying together the first and last letters of the alphabets of antiquity; A/𐤀 (Aleph, the first character in the Phoenician alphabet), Z (Zeta, the final character in Latin), O/Ω (Omega, the final character in Greek) and Th/ת (Tav (pronounced "Tau") the final character in Hebrew). In this way permeation and totality of beginning and end was symbolised to consider the supreme wholeness and thus the universal synthesis of opposites

Zodiac

constellations can be traced even further back, to Bronze Age (First Babylonian dynasty) sources, including Gemini "The Twins", from MAŠ.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL "The Great Twins", and Cancer "The Crab", from AL.LUL "The Crayfish", among others. Around the end of the 5th century BC, Babylonian astronomers divided the ecliptic into twelve equal "signs", by analogy to twelve schematic months of thirty days each. Each sign contained thirty degrees of celestial longitude, thus creating the first known celestial coordinate system. Unlike modern astronomers, who place the beginning of the sign of Aries at the place of the Sun at the vernal equinox; Babylonian astronomers

Zodiac

fixed the zodiac in relation to stars, placing the beginning of Cancer at the "Rear Twin Star" (β Geminorum) and the beginning of Aquarius at the "Rear Star of the Goat-Fish" (δ Capricorni). The divisions do not correspond exactly to where the constellations started and ended in the sky; this would have resulted in an irregular division. The Sun in fact passed through at least 13, not 12 Babylonian constellations. In order to align with the number of months in a year, designers of the system omitted the major constellation Ophiuchus. Including smaller figures, astronomers have counted up to 21

Zodiac

Zodiac

The zodiac is a belt-shaped region of the sky that extends approximately 8° north or south (as measured in celestial latitude) of the ecliptic, the apparent path of the Sun across the celestial sphere over the course of the year. The paths of the Moon and visible planets are within the belt of the zodiac.

In Western astrology, and formerly astronomy, the zodiac is divided into twelve signs, each occupying 30° of celestial longitude and roughly corresponding to the following star constellations: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces.

These astrological signs form a celestial coordinate system, or more specifically an ecliptic coordinate system, which takes the ecliptic as the origin of latitude and the Sun's position at vernal equinox as the origin of longitude.

Zodiac Killer

Zodiac Killer

The Zodiac Killer is the pseudonym of an unidentified serial killer who operated in Northern California in the late 1960s. The case has been described as the most famous unsolved murder case in American history. It became a fixture of popular culture and inspired amateur detectives to attempt to solve it.

The Zodiac murdered five known victims in the San Francisco Bay Area between December 1968 and October 1969, operating in rural, urban and suburban settings. He targeted young couples and a lone male cab driver. His known attacks took place in Benicia, Vallejo, unincorporated Napa County, and the city of San Francisco proper. Two of his wounded victims survived. The Zodiac claimed to have murdered 37 victims. He has been linked to several other cold cases, some in Southern California or outside the state.

The Zodiac coined this name in a series of taunting letters and cards that he mailed to regional newspapers, in which he threatened killing sprees and bombings if they were not printed. Some of the letters included cryptograms, or ciphers, in which the killer claimed that he was collecting his victims as slaves for the afterlife. Of the four ciphers he produced, two remain unsolved, and one was cracked only in 2020. While many theories regarding the identity of the killer have been suggested, the only suspect authorities ever publicly named was Arthur Leigh Allen, a former elementary school teacher and convicted sex offender who died in 1992.

Although the Zodiac ceased written communications around 1974, the unusual nature of the case led to international interest that has been sustained throughout the years. The case also remains open in the city of Vallejo, as well as in Napa and Solano counties. The California Department of Justice has maintained an open case file on the Zodiac murders since 1969.

Aries (astrology)

Aries (astrology)

Aries () (Greek: Κριός "Kriós", Latin for "ram") is the first astrological sign in the zodiac, spanning the first 30 degrees of celestial longitude (0°≤ <30°), and originates from the Aries constellation. Under the tropical zodiac, the Sun transits this sign from approximately March 21 to April 19 each year. This time duration is exactly the first month of the Solar Hijri calendar (Arabic Hamal/Persian Farvardin/Pashto Wray).

According to the tropical system of astrology, the Sun enters the sign of Aries when it reaches the March equinox, typically on March 21. Because the Earth takes approximately 365.24 days to go around the Sun, the precise time of the equinox is not the same each year, and generally will occur about six hours later from one year to the next until reset by a leap year. The leap day February 29 causes that year's March equinox to fall about eighteen hours earlier compared with the previous year.

Pisces (astrology)

Pisces (astrology)

Pisces () (; "Ikhthyes", Latin for "fishes") is the twelfth and final astrological sign in the zodiac. It is a negative, mutable sign. It spans 330° to 360° of celestial longitude. Under the tropical zodiac, the sun transits this area between February 19 and March 20. In classical interpretations, the symbol of the fish is derived from the ichthyocentaurs, who aided Aphrodite when she was born from the sea.

According to some tropical astrologers, the current astrological age is the Age of Pisces, while others maintain that currently it is the Age of Aquarius.

Alphabet murders

Alphabet murders

The Alphabet murders (also known as the Double Initial murders) are an unsolved series of child murders which occurred between 1971 and 1973 in Rochester, New York.

All three victims were girls aged ten or eleven whose surname began with the same letter as that of her first name. Each victim had been sexually assaulted and murdered by either manual or ligature strangulation before her body was discarded in or near a town or village near Rochester with a name beginning with the same letter as the victim's name.

Astrological sign

Astrological sign In Western astrology, astrological signs are the twelve 30° sectors of the ecliptic, starting at the vernal equinox (one of the intersections of the ecliptic with the celestial equator), also known as the First Point of Aries. The order of the astrological signs is Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces. The concept of the zodiac originated in Babylonian astrology, and was later influenced by Hellenistic culture. According to astrology, celestial phenomena relate to human activity on the principle of "as above, so below", so that the signs are held to represent

Zodiac Killer

you will try to sloi down or atop my collectiog of slaves for my afterlife ebeorietemethhpiti" — The solution to Zodiac's 408-symbol cipher. The meaning, if any, of the final eighteen letters has not been determined. The "Chronicle" published its third of the cryptogram on page four of the next day's edition. An article printed alongside the code quoted Vallejo Police Chief Jack E. Stiltz as saying "We're not satisfied that the letter was written by the murderer" and requested the writer send a second letter with more facts to prove his identity. The threatened murders did not happen, and

Thema Mundi

signs that correspond to the brightest and warmest times of the year in the Northern Hemisphere, Cancer and Leo. The other planets are assigned to signs by halving the zodiac between Cancer and Leo and assigning each planet to one sign on the solar half and each on the lunar half. Mercury is assigned to the two signs next to the luminaries, Gemini and Virgo, because it never travels more than one sign away from the Sun. Venus is assigned to the next two signs, Taurus and Libra, because it never gets more than two signs away. Jupiter and Mars

Chinese zodiac

despite the implication of the etymology of the word "zodiac". The zodiac traditionally begins with the sign of the Rat. The following are the twelve zodiac signs (each with its associated Earthly Branch) in order and their characteristics. Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water as five nature elements. In Chinese astrology, the animal signs assigned by year represent how others perceive you or how you present yourself. It is a common misconception that the animals assigned by year are the only signs, and many Western descriptions of Chinese astrology draw solely on this system. In fact, there are also animal

Zodiac

by English speakers. The Latin names are standard English usage. The zodiacal signs are distinct from the constellations associated with them, not only because of their drifting apart due to the precession of equinoxes but also because the physical constellations take up varying widths of the ecliptic, so the Sun is not in each constellation for the same amount of time. Thus, Virgo takes up five times as much ecliptic longitude as Scorpius. The zodiacal signs are an abstraction from the physical constellations, and each represent exactly one twelfth of the full circle, or the longitude traversed by the Sun

Sun sign astrology

table shows the zodiac names in Latin, with their English translation and the individuals' names. It also shows the element and quality associated with each sign. The starting and ending dates of the sun sign are approximate, as they may differ from one year to another (by a day or so), due to the fact that the earth's orbit around the sun is not synchronous with earth's rotation (one year does not comprehend a whole number of days).<ref name="http://gryphonastrology.com"></ref> The exact date and time of sign entrance/exit (which is corresponded to the 12 "mid-climates" within Chinese lunisolar calendar) must be

Dodecatemoria

the animal signs have "tail" as their final part, while Scorpio has "sting", and the list in Gemini and Pisces is doubled. Like the 12-part zodiac, division of the signs into body parts (equated at some point with the signs) could have allowed ancient astronomers to describe parts of the sky (and record observations of celestial bodies located therein) with greater precision and convenience. Late Babylonian texts also give rising times for dodecatemoria during the course of a single day. The data used for the Babylonian computation of dodecatemoria, inverted and re-sorted, result in a scheme known as "Kalendertexte" (or

Cardinal sign (astrology)

with the word "angular". Angular signs are those signs which are located on the astrological angles of any given natal chart. Angular houses may be cardinal, fixed or mutable, depending on the birth time of the chart, but only Aries, Cancer, Libra, and Capricorn are cardinal signs. Their starts are related to equinoxes and solstices. The four cardinal signs of the zodiac are: Cardinal sign (astrology) The practice of astrology recognizes four cardinal signs of the zodiac: Aries, Cancer, Libra, and Capricorn — sometimes called reacting signs. It associates those people born "under" one of these with certain human behaviors

Astrological sign

almost seventeen centuries as later traditions made few substantial changes to its core teachings. The following table enumerates the twelve divisions of celestial longitude, with the Latin names (still widely used) and the English translation (gloss). The longitude intervals, being a mathematical division, are closed for the first endpoint ("a") and open for the second ("b") – for instance, 30° of longitude is the first point of Taurus, not part of Aries. Association of calendar dates with astrological signs only makes sense when referring to Sun sign astrology. Empedocles, a fifth-century BC Greek philosopher, identified Fire, Earth, Air, and Water

Zodiac

from 0 to and including 11), degrees from 0 to 29, minutes, and seconds. The zodiac symbols are Early Modern simplifications of conventional pictorial representations of the signs, attested since Hellenistic times. What follows is a list of the twelve signs of the modern zodiac (with the ecliptic longitudes of their first points), where 0° Aries is understood as the vernal equinox, with their Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, and Babylonian names (but note that the Sanskrit and the Babylonian name equivalents (after c.500 BC) denote the constellations only, not the tropical zodiac signs). Also, the "English translation" is not usually used

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 235

and the point in the heavens which was rising with that which was setting. The signs of the zodiac are marked inside the circle, the sun, moon, planets, and points of the heavens outside it, in a line with the sign to which they belong. Beginning at the top appear Aquarius at the zenith, Pisces, Aries, Taurus, containing the moon and the point which was rising, Gemini, Cancer, Leo at the nadir, Virgo, Libra, containing the sun and Mars, Scorpio, containing Mercury, Venus, and the point which was setting, Sagittarius, containing Saturn and Jupiter, and Capricorn. There is some error

Tetrabiblos

starting point of the zodiac as fixed, not to the stars, but to the mathematically calculated vernal equinox. This determines the seasonally based tropical zodiac which takes its name from the Greek word τροπικός "tropikos": ‘of the turning’, because it is set by the turn of the seasons and, being subject to precession, experiences a slow and gradual revolution through the visible constellations. For the same reason, the signs that mark the Sun’s summer and winter solstice points (Cancer and Capricorn) are described as the 'tropical signs', since these are the places where the Sun 'turns' its direction in celestial

Natal astrology

sign through creating what is called the chart "signature". This involves noting which element and quality has the most signs and then combining them into a zodiac sign which is taken to be the signature sign of the chart. So for example, if a person has more fire signs than any other element, and more fixed signs than any other quality, then that person's signature is Leo (the sign which is both fire and fixed). In some cases there is no clear majority in either element or quality to give a clear signature. In these cases the ruling planet of

Astrological sign

as follows: Aries (Mars), Taurus (Venus), Gemini (Mercury), Cancer (Moon), Leo (Sun), Virgo (Mercury), Libra (Venus), Scorpio (Pluto), Sagittarius (Jupiter), Capricorn (Saturn), Aquarius (Uranus), and Pisces (Neptune). Psychologically-oriented astrologers often believe that Saturn is the ruler or co-ruler of Aquarius instead of Uranus; Neptune is the ruler or co-ruler of Pisces instead of Jupiter, and that Pluto is the ruler or co-ruler of Scorpio instead of Mars. Some astrologers believe that the planetoid Chiron may be the ruler of Virgo, while other group of modern astrologers claim that Ceres is the ruler of Taurus instead. Other astrologers, still, use the

Astrological sign

of a sign are together sufficient to define it, they can be grouped to indicate their symbolism. The first four signs, Aries, Taurus, Gemini and Cancer, form the group of personal signs. The next four signs, Leo, Virgo, Libra and Scorpio form the group of interpersonal signs. The last four signs of the zodiac, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces, form the group of transpersonal signs. Dane Rudhyar presented the tropical zodiac primary factors, used in the curriculum of the RASA School of Astrology. The tropical zodiac is the zodiac of seasonal factors as opposed to the sidereal zodiac (constellation factors).