Question: How many champagne bottles are there in a Methuselah?

Champagne

favours the creation of appropriately sized bubbles. However, there is no hard evidence for this view. Other bottle sizes, mostly named for Biblical figures, are generally filled with Champagne that has been fermented in standard bottles or magnums. Gosset still bottles its Grande Réserve in jeroboam from the beginning of its second fermentation. Sizes larger than Jeroboam (3 L) are rare. Primat bottles (27 L)—and, , Melchizedek bottles (30 L)—are exclusively offered by the House Drappier. (The same names are used for bottles containing regular wine and port; however, Jeroboam, Rehoboam, and Methuselah refer to different bottle volumes.) Unique sizes

Champagne

Juglar, 46 bottles of , and four bottles of Heidsieck, in addition to 23 bottles whose manufacture is still to be identified. Champagne experts Richard Juhlin and Essi Avellan, MW described the bottles' contents as being in a very good condition. It is planned that the majority of the bottles will be sold at auction, the price of each estimated to be in the region of £40,000–70,000. In April 2015, nearly five years after the bottles were first found, researchers led by Philippe Jeandet, a professor of food biochemistry, released the findings of their chemical analyses of the Champagne, and

Champagne

In July 2010, 168 bottles were found on board a shipwreck near the Åland Islands in the Baltic Sea by Finnish diver Christian Ekström. Initial analyses indicated there were at least two types of bottle from two different houses: "" in Reims and the long-defunct Champagne house Juglar (absorbed into Jacquesson in 1829.) The shipwreck is dated between 1800 and 1830, and the bottles discovered may well predate the 1825 referenced above. When experts were replacing the old corks with new ones, they discovered there were also bottles from a third house, Heidsieck. The wreck, then, contained 95 bottles of

Dom Pérignon

April 17, 2010 a new record was set for a sale of wine in Britain according to "The Daily Telegraph". A buyer would have spent more than £35,000 for Methuselah (6 litre) 1996 Dom Perignon Champagne Rose (Rose Gold). This transaction took place at the Westbury Hotel at a party that followed the screening of the new film, "Boogie Woogie". A vertical of Dom Pérignon Rosé Œnothèque, a world premiere release from the reserve cellar of Dom Pérignon, never commercially released before, was sold at a record price at a wine auction organized by Sotheby's in Hong Kong in May

Föglö wreck

of which 145 were champagne, most of them well preserved. 95 of them are bottled by Juglar, a defunct champagne house merged 1829 into Jacquesson, 46 by Veuve Clicquot and four by Heidsieck, known as Piper-Heidsieck since 1838. Two bottles were opened in a press conference held in Mariehamn, the capital of Åland Islands in November 2010. A member of Veuve Clicquot's winemaking team described the champagne as "a toasted, zesty nose with hints of coffee, and a very agreeable taste with accents of flowers and lime-tree." The Government of Åland decided to place some bottles on a display at

Wine bottle

Wine bottle

A wine bottle is a bottle, generally a glass bottle, that is used for holding wine. Some wines are fermented in the bottle while others are bottled only after fermentation. Recently the bottle has become a standard unit of volume to describe sales in the wine industry, measuring . Wine bottles are produced, however, in a variety of volumes and shapes.

Wine bottles are traditionally sealed with a cork, but screw-top caps are becoming popular, and there are several other methods used to seal a bottle.

Champagne

Champagne

Champagne (, ) is a sparkling wine originated and produced in the Champagne wine region of France under the rules of the appellation, that demand specific vineyard practices, sourcing of grapes exclusively from designated places within it, specific grape-pressing methods and secondary fermentation of the wine in the bottle to cause carbonation.
The grapes Pinot noir, Pinot meunier, and Chardonnay are used to produce almost all Champagne, but small amounts of Pinot blanc, Pinot gris (called Fromenteau in Champagne), Arbane, and Petit Meslier are vinified as well.

Champagne became associated with royalty in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. The leading manufacturers made efforts to associate their Champagnes with nobility and royalty through advertising and packaging, which led to its popularity among the emerging middle class.<ref name="Oxford pp. 150–153"/>

Dom Pérignon

Alcohol measurements

Alcohol measurements

Alcohol measurements are units of measurement for determining amounts of beverage alcohol.

Wikipedia:Reference Desk archive 8

Jacquesson

liter). On backlabel are indicated number of bottles produced, month of disgorging and dosage. In July 2010, 168 bottles of Champagne were found on the Föglö wreck near the Åland islands in the Baltic Sea by Finnish diver Christian Ekström. Initial analyses indicated there were at least two types of bottles from two different houses: Veuve Clicquot in Reims and the long-defunct Champagne house Juglar which was merged into Jacquesson in 1829. Jacquesson Jacquesson & Fils is a Champagne producer based in the Dizy region of Champagne. The house was founded in Châlons-sur-Marne in 1798 by Memmie Jacquesson. The house

Veuve Clicquot

July 2010, a group of Finnish divers found 168 bottles of champagne beneath the Baltic Sea off the coast of the Åland Islands. Bottles were sent back to France for analysis. Ninety-nine of them were identified as Juglar, forty-six as Veuve Clicquot, and at least four as Heidsieck. When the wine was tasted in 2015, several of them were still drinkable, well-preserved thanks to the cold and dark conditions at the depth. Chemical analysis showed levels of sugar (150 g/L) much higher than modern champagne (more than most Sauternes), compared to today’s champagnes which are generally between 6 to 10g

William Salthouse (ship)

immediately following their excavation. The three bottle types recovered during excavation were consistent with the three types of alcohol listed on the ships outgoing cargo manifest, which stated that the vessel was carrying over 360 bottles of French Champagne, Sauternes, and Muscat at the time of its departure from Montreal. However, the incoming cargo manifest published in the"Port Phillip Herald" stated that only French Champagne and Sauternes were aboard "William Salthouse" when the vessel wrecked on Pope's Eye Shoal. The study of wines aboard "William Salthouse" would consist of two approaches, a chemical analysis and a less orthodox sensory analysis.

Four Roses

unreasonable. Four Roses distills ten separate bourbons using two mash recipes and five yeast strains. From combining these ten bourbons the Four Roses distillery creates the standard "yellow label" expression. Single Barrel is made with only one of those ten bourbons. In September 2007, Four Roses released a limited edition barrel proof bottle celebrating master distiller Jim Rutledge's 40 years in the industry. This release was limited to 1,442 bottles, and was unfiltered and uncut. Each bottle was hand numbered in gold paint and labeled detailing the barrel number, warehouse number, and percent of alcohol by volume for that barrel.

Champagne

have been made for special occasions and people, the most notable example perhaps being the 20 fluid ounce / 60 cL. bottle (Imperial pint) made especially for Sir Winston Churchill by Pol Roger. In 2009, a bottle of 1825 Champagne was opened at a ceremony attended by 12 of the world's top wine tasters. This bottle was officially recognised by "Guinness World Records" as the oldest bottle of Champagne in the world. The contents were found to be drinkable, with notes of truffles and caramel in the taste. There are now only two other bottles from the 1825 vintage extant.

Bottle wall

with 9,963 bottles of all sizes and colors. The builder was a bottle collector and, to display his collection, he had them built into this house which was on display at Meyer's Modern Tourist Court. In Alexandria, Louisiana, there is a bottle-house gift shop that still stands today. The bottle house was constructed by Drew Bridges who used bottles from his drugstore. There are about 3,000 bottles used as masonry units with railroad ties used as the framing structure. The Kaleva Bottle House in Kaleva, Michigan, was built by John J. Makinen, Sr.(1871-1942) using over 60,000 bottles laid on their

The Bottle, Alabama

in 1924, and billed as "the world's largest bottle", The Bottle (sometimes referred to as The "Nehi Inn") was built by John F. Williams, owner of the Nehi Bottling Company, in Opelika, Alabama. The Bottle stood 64 feet (19.5 m) tall, and measured forty-nine feet (14.94 m) in diameter at the base, and 16 feet (4.88 m) at the cap. The ground floor was a grocery store and service station, and the second and third floors were living quarters and storage. The neck of the Bottle had windows so as to be used as an observation tower. The "bottle cap"

Sabrage

for a distance of . The greatest number of champagne bottles sabered in one minute to be officially recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records is 66 and was achieved by Ashrita Furman (USA) at the Sri Chinmoy Centre, Jamaica, Queens, on 2 August 2015. Ashrita used an "Arabian sabre" with a 13-inch blade. He beat the previous record of 47 held by Mirko Rainer, who managed this feat on 6 September 2014 in Mendrisio, Switzerland. The greatest number of champagne bottles sabered simultaneously was 630. It was officially recognised a world record by an occasion of the Sciabolata

Heidsieck & Co

coast of the Åland Islands. The bottles were initially claimed to have been produced between 1782 and 1788. They were sent for analysis to France where they were traced to a now-defunct champagne house Juglar. In November 2010 it was reported that the wreck included Veuve Clicquot bottles as well. Veuve Clicquot stated that experts checking branding of the corks "were able to identify with absolute certainty" that three of the bottles were theirs. The other bottles examined were attributed to Juglar. In January 2011 further info about the Åland bottles was released. 95 of them were identified as Juglar,

Champagne Salon

amount at a Christie's auction. In each vintage no more than 60,000 bottles are produced. One single Champagne is produced under the Salon label. As of Sept 2017, the most recent Salon that has been released is the 2006,and the following vintages of the 1921 to present day period have been released: <br> 1921, 1925, 1928, 1934, 1937, 1943, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1959, 1961, 1964, 1966, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1988, 1990, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2002, 2004, and 2006. Vintages of Salon awaiting future release are: 2007 and 2008.

Richard Juhlin

project with the champagne bottles found in the Åland archipelago from 1840. Juhlin tasted all 164 bottles when they were recorked. Juhlin has designed two series of the optimized champagne glasses. "The Richard Juhlin Collection", handmade by Reijmyre and the latest "The Richard Juhlin Optimum" by Italesse. He has had the Champagne Club by Richard Juhlin at www.champagneclub.com for over 18 years with members from all over the world. He also has his own Champagne bar – The Champagne Bar by Richard Juhlin in Stockholm. An app - The Champagne Club app was released in April 2015. In 2015 he

Armand de Brignac

one year in French oak barrels. These oak barrels are placed 30 ft underground and thought to give the champagne its complexity and life. Each metalized bottle is finished by hand, with the application of French pewter labels, polished, and housed in a wooden lacquered gift box, ensuring every single bottle is unique. The annual yield for these bottles is roughly 60,000, which is considered fairly low in comparison to other named brands. In February 2009, Spanish critic José Peñín published his own review of Armand de Brignac Brut Gold. In November 2009, "FINE Champagne" Magazine published the results of

Armand de Brignac

the largest bottle of Champagne available in the world and is only made by Armand de Brignac. In late June 2011, American blackjack legend Don Johnson reportedly spent £120,000 on a bottle of Armand de Brignac Midas champagne at the One For One nightclub in London, to break the world record for the most expensive bottle of champagne ever bought. In total Johnson spent £170,000 ($271,000) on drinks in one night. Armand de Brignac Armand de Brignac, colloquially known as the "Ace of Spades" after its logo, is the name of the tête de cuvée Champagne brand produced by Champagne

Wine bottle

The chart below lists the sizes of various wine bottles in multiples relating to a standard bottle of wine, which is (six 125 ml servings). The "wineglassful"—an official unit of the apothecaries' system of weights—is much smaller at . Most champagne houses are unable to carry out secondary fermentation in bottles larger than a magnum due to the difficulty in riddling large, heavy bottles. After the secondary fermentation completes, the champagne must be transferred from the magnums into larger bottles, which results in a loss of pressure. Some believe this re-bottling exposes the champagne to greater oxidation and therefore results

Izze Beverage Company

hats, travel mugs, flying discs, and cases of sparkling juice. Due to the stores success, Woloson and Stroh decided to donate 100% of the online store’s profit to Project Reach. Izze has ten sparkling fruit juice flavors and three sparkling water flavors. Five of their sparkling fruit juice flavors come in 12oz. cans as well as the normal 16oz bottles. The sparkling fruit juices contain 70% juice as well as the carbonated water. These flavors include: Izze also had two other lines of beverages called IZZEesque and IZZE Fortified. IZZEesque was a line of low-calorie soft drinks . They contained


Question: Give any year in the life of the painter Canaletto?

Canaletto

Canaletto Giovanni Antonio Canal (18 October 1697 – 19 April 1768), better known as Canaletto (), was an Italian painter of city views or "vedute", of Venice, Rome, and London. He also painted imaginary views (referred to as capricci), although the demarcation in his works between the real and the imaginary is never quite clearcut. He was further an important printmaker using the etching technique. In the period from 1746 to 1756 he worked in England where he painted many sights of London. He was highly successful in England, thanks to the British merchant and connoisseur Joseph Smith, whose large

Canaletto

period as "inhibited". The artist was compelled to give public painting demonstrations in order to refute this claim; however, his reputation never fully recovered in his lifetime. After his return to Venice, Canaletto was elected to the Venetian Academy in 1763 and appointed prior of the "Collegio dei Pittori". He continued to paint until his death in 1768. In his later years he often worked from old sketches, but he sometimes produced surprising new compositions. He was willing to make subtle alternations to topography for artistic effect. His pupils included his nephew Bernardo Bellotto, Francesco Guardi, Michele Marieschi, Gabriele Bella,

Canaletto

collection of Canaletto's works was sold to King George III in 1762. He was born in Venice as the son of the painter Bernardo Canal, hence his mononym "Canaletto" ("little Canal"), and Artemisia Barbieri. Canaletto served his apprenticeship with his father and his brother. He began in his father's occupation, that of a theatrical scene painter. Canaletto was inspired by the Roman "vedutista" Giovanni Paolo Pannini, and started painting the daily life of the city and its people. After returning from Rome in 1719, he began painting in his topographical style. His first known signed and dated work is "Architectural

Canaletto

Capriccio" (1723, Milan, in a private collection). Studying with the older Luca Carlevarijs, a well-regarded painter of urban cityscapes, he rapidly became his master's equal. In 1725, the painter Alessandro Marchesini, who was also the buyer for the Lucchese art collector Stefano Conti, had inquired about buying two more 'views of Venice', when the agent urged him to consider instead the work of "Antonio Canale... it is like Carlevaris, but you can see the sun shining in it." Much of Canaletto's early artwork was painted "from nature", differing from the then customary practice of completing paintings in the studio. Some

Giovanni Battista Canal

Giovanni Battista Canal Giovanni Battista Canal or Canale (1745 – December 5, 1825) was an Italian painter of the late Baroque and early Neoclassical era, active mainly depicting history and sacred subjects in his native Venice. His father, Fabio Canal, was a fresco painter that was a follower of Tiepolo. Giovanni Battista was criticized for his celeritude in fresco painting, which led to a nickname of "fa presto". He too was strongly echoed by the light colors of Tiepolo, but lacked the skill in design of the great master. Giovanni Battista was initially trained by his father and then at

Bernardo Bellotto

Bernardo Bellotto

Bernardo Bellotto (c. 1721/2 urban landscape painter or "vedutista", and printmaker in etching famous for his "vedute" of European cities – Dresden, Vienna, Turin, and Warsaw. He was the student and nephew of the renowned Giovanni Antonio Canal Canaletto and sometimes used the latter's illustrious name, signing himself as Bernardo Canaletto.

Bellotto's style was characterized by elaborate representation of architectural and natural vistas, and by the specific quality of each place's lighting. It is plausible that Bellotto, and other Venetian masters of "vedute", may have used the camera obscura in order to achieve superior precision of urban views.<ref name=nationalgallery/>

Sir John Soane's Museum

Sir John Soane's Museum

Sir John Soane's Museum is a house museum, located next to Lincoln's Inn Fields in Holborn, London, which was formerly the home of neo-classical architect, John Soane. It holds many drawings and architectural models of Soane's projects, and a large collection of paintings, sculptures, drawings and antiquities that he acquired over many years. The museum was established during Soane's own lifetime by a Private Act of Parliament in 1833, which took effect on his death in 1837. Soane engaged in this lengthy parliamentary campaign in order to disinherit his son, whom he disliked intensely. The act stipulated that on Soane's death his house and collections would pass into the care of a Board of Trustees, acting on behalf of the nation, and that they would be preserved as nearly as possible exactly in the state they were at his death. The museum's trustees remained completely independent, relying only on Soane's original endowment, until 1947. Since then, the museum has received an annual Grant-in-Aid from the British Government via the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport.

From 1988 onwards, a programme of restoration was carried out, with spaces such as the Drawing Rooms, Picture Room, Study and Dressing Room, Picture Room Recess and others, restored to their original colour schemes, and in most cases having their original sequences of objects reinstated. Soane's three courtyards were also restored with his pasticcio (a column of architectural fragments) being reinstated in the Monument Court at the heart of the Museum. In 1997 the trustees purchased the main house at No. 14 with the help of the Heritage Lottery Fund. The house was restored and has enabled the Museum to expand its educational activities, to re-locate its Research Library, and create a Robert Adam Study Centre where Soane's collection of 9,000 Robert Adam drawings is housed.

Some of Soane's paintings include works by Canaletto, Hogarth, three works by his friend J. M. W. Turner, Thomas Lawrence, Antoine Watteau, Joshua Reynolds, Augustus Wall Callcott, Henry Fuseli, William Hamilton and 15 drawings by Giovanni Battista Piranesi, many of which are framed and displayed in the museum. There are over 30,000 architectural drawings in the collection. Owing to the narrow passages in the house, all decked with Soane's extensive collections, only 90 visitors are allowed in the museum at any given time, and a formation of queue outside for entry is not unusual. Labels are few and lighting is discreet; there is no information desk or café. In the year ending March 2019, the museum received 131,459 visitors.

Venice

Venice

Venice ( ; ; or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The islands are in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay lying between the mouths of the Po and the Piave rivers (more exactly between the Brenta and the Sile). In 2020, around 258,685 people resided in greater Venice or the "Comune di Venezia", of whom around 55,000 live in the historical island city of Venice ("centro storico") and the rest on the mainland ("terraferma"). Together with the cities of Padua and Treviso, Venice is included in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area (PATREVE), which is considered a statistical metropolitan area, with a total population of 2.6 million.

The name is derived from the ancient Veneti people who inhabited the region by the 10th century BC. The city was historically the capital of the Republic of Venice for over a millennium, from 697 to 1797. It was a major financial and maritime power during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, and a staging area for the Crusades and the Battle of Lepanto, as well as an important centre of commerce—especially silk, grain, and spice, and of art from the 13th century to the end of the 17th. The city-state of Venice is considered to have been the first real international financial centre, emerging in the 9th century and reaching its greatest prominence in the 14th century. This made Venice a wealthy city throughout most of its history. For centuries Venice possessed numerous territories along the Adriatic Sea and within the Italian peninsula, leaving a significant impact on the architecture and culture that can still be seen today. The sovereignty of Venice came to an end in 1797, at the hands of Napoleon. Subsequently, in 1866, the city became part of the Kingdom of Italy.

Venice has been known as "La Dominante", "La Serenissima", "Queen of the Adriatic", "City of Water", "City of Masks", "City of Bridges", "The Floating City", and "City of Canals". The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Parts of Venice are renowned for the beauty of their settings, their architecture, and artwork.

Although the city is facing some challenges (including an excessive number of tourists and problems caused by pollution, tide peaks and cruise ships sailing too close to buildings), Venice remains a very popular tourist destination, a major cultural centre, and has been ranked many times the most beautiful city in the world. It has been described by "The Times" as one of Europe's most romantic cities and by "The New York Times" as "undoubtedly the most beautiful city built by man".

Venetian painting

Venetian painting

Venetian painting was a major force in Italian Renaissance painting and beyond. Beginning with the work of Giovanni Bellini (c. 1430–1516) and his brother Gentile Bellini (c. 1429–1507) and their workshops, the major artists of the Venetian school included Giorgione (c. 1477–1510), Titian (c. 1489–1576), Tintoretto (1518–1594), Paolo Veronese (1528–1588) and Jacopo Bassano (1510–1592) and his sons. Considered to give primacy to colour over line, the tradition of the Venetian school contrasted with the Mannerism prevalent in the rest of Italy. The Venetian style exerted great influence upon the subsequent development of Western painting.
By chance, the main phases of Venetian painting fit rather neatly into the centuries. The glories of the 16th century were followed by a great fall-off in the 17th, but an unexpected revival in the 18th, when Venetian painters enjoyed great success around Europe, as Baroque painting turned to Rococo. This had ended completely by the extinction of the Republic of Venice in 1797 and since then, though much painted by others, Venice has not had a continuing style or tradition of its own.

Though a long decline in the political and economic power of the Republic began before 1500, Venice at that date remained "the richest, most powerful, and most populous Italian city" and controlled significant territories on the mainland, known as the terraferma, which included several small cities who contributed artists to the Venetian school, in particular Padua, Brescia and Verona. The Republic's territories also included Istria, Dalmatia and the islands now off the Croatian coast, who also contributed. Indeed, "the major Venetian painters of the sixteenth century were rarely natives of the city" itself, and some mostly worked in the Republic's other territories, or further afield.
The rest of Italy tended to ignore or underestimate Venetian painting; Giorgio Vasari's neglect of the school in the first edition of his "Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects" in 1550 was so conspicuous that he realized he needed to visit Venice for extra material in his second edition of 1568. In contrast, foreigners, for whom Venice was often the first major Italian city visited, always had a great appreciation for it and, after Venice itself, the best collections are now in the large European museums rather than other Italian cities. At the top, princely, level, Venetian artists tended to be the most sought-after for commissions abroad, from Titian onwards, and in the 18th century most of the best painters spent significant periods abroad, generally with great success.

History of painting

History of painting

The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts and artwork created by pre-historic artists, and spans all cultures. It represents a continuous, though periodically disrupted, tradition from Antiquity. Across cultures, continents, and millennia, the history of painting consists of an ongoing river of creativity that continues into the 21st century. Until the early 20th century it relied primarily on representational, religious and classical motifs, after which time more purely abstract and conceptual approaches gained favor.

Developments in Eastern painting historically parallel those in Western painting, in general, a few centuries earlier. African art, Jewish art, Islamic art, Indonesian art, Indian art, Chinese art, and Japanese art each had significant influence on Western art, and vice versa.

Initially serving utilitarian purpose, followed by imperial, private, civic, and religious patronage, Eastern and Western painting later found audiences in the aristocracy and the middle class. From the Modern era, the Middle Ages through the Renaissance painters worked for the church and a wealthy aristocracy. Beginning with the Baroque era artists received private commissions from a more educated and prosperous middle class. Finally in the West the idea of "art for art's sake" began to find expression in the work of the Romantic painters like Francisco de Goya, John Constable, and J. M. W. Turner. The 19thcentury saw the rise of the commercial art gallery, which provided patronage in the 20th century.

Giovanni Battista Canal

San Trovaso in Treviso. In later years, he collaborated with the neoclassical quadratura painter Giuseppe Borsato. He also lost his sight in later years, but his impoverishment forced him to continue to paint. Giovanni Battista Canal Giovanni Battista Canal or Canale (1745 – December 5, 1825) was an Italian painter of the late Baroque and early Neoclassical era, active mainly depicting history and sacred subjects in his native Venice. His father, Fabio Canal, was a fresco painter that was a follower of Tiepolo. Giovanni Battista was criticized for his celeritude in fresco painting, which led to a nickname of "fa

Canaletto

the Palazzo Foscari", which was sold at Sotheby's in July 2015 for £2.6 million. Canaletto's views always fetched high prices, and as early as the 18th century Catherine the Great and other European monarchs vied for his grandest paintings. The record price paid at auction for a Canaletto is £18.6 million for "View of the Grand Canal from Palazzo Balbi to the Rialto", set at Sotheby's in London in July 2005. Canaletto Giovanni Antonio Canal (18 October 1697 – 19 April 1768), better known as Canaletto (), was an Italian painter of city views or "vedute", of Venice, Rome, and

Fabio Canal

Fabio Canal Fabio Canal or Canale (1703– September 5, 1767) was an Italian painter of the late Baroque era, active mainly depicting history and sacred subjects in his native Venice. He was a follower of Tiepolo. Among his works are the nave ceiling fresco (1744), depicting "Communion of the Apostles and the Triumph of the Eucharist" in the church of Santi Apostoli, Venice with quadrature by Pietro Gaspari; and paintings in the churches of San Giovanni Nuovo and San Martino, Venice. He also painted a salon ceiling with the "Glory of the Mussato Family" in the Palazzo Mussato, Padua. Along

Canaletto

of his later works do revert to this custom, as suggested by the tendency for distant figures to be painted as blobs of colour – an effect possibly produced by using a camera obscura, which blurs farther-away objects – although research by art historians working for the Royal Collection in the United Kingdom has shown Canaletto almost never used a camera obscura. However, his paintings are always notable for their accuracy: he recorded the seasonal submerging of Venice in water and ice. Canaletto's early works remain his most coveted and, according to many authorities, his best. One of his early

Canaletto

until 1755, producing views of London (including several of the new Westminster Bridge, which was completed during his stay) and of his patrons' castles and houses. His 1754 painting of Old Walton Bridge includes an image of Canaletto himself. He was often expected to paint England in the fashion with which he had painted his native city. Canaletto's painting began to suffer from repetitiveness, losing its fluidity, and becoming mechanical to the point that the English art critic George Vertue suggested that the man painting under the name 'Canaletto' was an impostor. Historian Michael Levey described his work from this

Canaletto

pieces is "The Stonemason's Yard" (, the National Gallery, London) which depicts a humble working area of the city. It is regarded one of his finest works and was presented by Sir George Beaumont in 1823 and 1828. Later Canaletto painted grand scenes of the canals of Venice and the Doge's Palace. His large-scale landscapes portrayed the city's pageantry and waning traditions, making innovative use of atmospheric effects and strong local colours. For these qualities, his works may be said to have anticipated Impressionism. His graphic print "S. A. Giustina in Prà della Vale" was found in the 2012 Nazi

Vincenzo Chilone

off as works by Canaletto. Perhaps in response to this, he began to display more stylistic autonomy. Soon, he enjoyed the patronage of the nobility. In 1824, he was elected a member of the Accademia di Belle Arti di Venezia. That same year, he received a major commission from the expatriate Venetian musician, Domenico Dragonetti, who was also an art collector and dealer. Despite having this degree of success, he apparently died in poverty. Vincenzo Chilone Vincenzo Chilone (10 July 1758, Venice - 12 January 1839, Venice) was an Italian painter who specialized in vedute, after the style of Canaletto.

Domenico Canale

won his position in the social and commercial life of Memphis by his industry, his native ability and the exercise of correct business principles." In 1869, D. Canale married Catherine Solari (1850–1923), the sister of Mary Solari, the famous Italian-American painter and first woman admitted to the Accademia di Belle Arti in Florence, Italy. Catherine and Domenico had eight children (5 sons and 3 daughters): John D., Andrew, Anthony, James, Annie (Welsh), Ester (Hoffman), Catherine, and George. "Notable Men of Tennessee" also remarked that "[Domenico] is prouder of having rightly reared eight children than he is of his splendid success

Fabio Mauroner

took place at the same time that an exhibit titled "Canaletto and his rivals" was being held at the National Gallery in the same city. Fabio Mauroner Fabio Mauroner (1884 – 1944) was an Italian painter and engraver, known mainly of vedute of Venice. He was born in Udine and moved to Venice in 1905. In Venice, Fabio shared a studio with Amedeo Modigliani, while studying printmaking with Edward M. Synge. Over the next thirty years, Mauroner executed approximately one hundred and thirty prints. He was a friend of Emanuele Brugnoli, another modern Venetian vedutista. In 2011, Mauroner and Brugnoli

Algernon Newton

represent Britain at the Venice Biennale of Art. A portrait of him by photographer Walter Stoneman is in the National Portrait Gallery collection. Algernon Newton Algernon Newton (1880–1968) was a British landscape artist known as the "Canaletto of the canals". Newton was born in Hampstead in 1880, a grandson of Henry Newton, one of the founders of the Winsor & Newton the art materials company. Early in World War I, Newton held the rank of Sub-lieutenant in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. Later, he served with the Army and was invalided out in 1916 after catching pneumonia, recuperating over the

Giovanni Battista Canal

the Academy of Fine Arts, Venice, where he would also teach from 1783 to 1807. He was made an academic in 1776. He was active throughout the Veneto, and also in Ferrara and Udine. Among his works were the ceiling of the church of Sant'Eufemia in the Giudecca. In 1776, he painted for the church of Fonte in Asolo. He painted "Storia d'amore" in villa Viola of Treviso; frescoes (1790) for the Palazzo Mocenigo a San Stae in Venice; frescoes (1804) for the Palazzo Filodrammatici of Treviso; and a "Martyrdom of Santi Gervasio e Protasio" (1822) for the church of

View of the Canarregio Canal

View of the Canarregio Canal View of the Canareggio Canal was painted by Francesco Guardi (Italian pronunciation: franˈtʃesko ˈgwardi; October 5, 1712 – January 1, 1793) around 1770. It is a small oil on canvas painting measuring 48.9 × 77.5 cm. It now hangs in the reading room of the Frick Art Reference Library alongside the "Guardi Regatta in Venice". Both paintings were gifted to the Frick Collection by Helen Clay Frick after her father's death. In the painting, Guardi captures a typical scene of Venetian life on the canals. In this particular veduta, Guardi depicts a section of the

Canaletto

loot discovery. Many of his pictures were sold to Englishmen on their Grand Tour, first through the agency of Owen Swiny and later the banker Joseph Smith, appointed British Consul in Venice in 1744. It was Swiny in the late 1720s who encouraged the artist to paint small topographical views of Venice with a commercial appeal for tourists and foreign visitors to the city. Sometime before 1728, Canaletto began his association with Joseph Smith, an English businessman and collector living in Venice, who later became the artist's principal agent and patron. Smith eventually acquired nearly fifty paintings, one hundred fifty

Bernardo Bellotto

Bernardo Bellotto Bernardo Bellotto, (c. 1721/2 or 30 January 1721 – 17 November 1780), was an Italian urban landscape painter or "vedutista", and printmaker in etching famous for his "vedute" of European cities (Dresden, Vienna, Turin and Warsaw). He was the pupil and nephew of the famous Giovanni Antonio Canal Canaletto and sometimes used the latter's illustrious name, signing himself as Bernardo Canaletto. In Germany and Poland, Bellotto called himself by his uncle's name, Canaletto. Bellotto's style was characterized by elaborate representation of architectural and natural vistas, and by the specific quality of each place's lighting. It is plausible that

Caravaggio to Canaletto

Caravaggio to Canaletto "Caravaggio to Canaletto" is the title of a temporary exhibition in the Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest. It's open from 26 October 2013 until 16 February 2014, representing 140 artworks by 100 masters from the Museum of Fine Arts, other collections from abroad and private collections. The exhibition provides a panoramic view of the era from the end of the 16th century until 1760 in Italy: it treats the effect of Caravaggio on the Italian Baroque painting, and shows the way towards Roccoco, Classicism and Realism. It presents the most popular genres from the Biblical themes through


Question: The 'Yid Army' are/were a gang of football hooligans who supported which London club?

Hotspur F.C.
The lilywhites
thfc
Tottenham Hotspur
yid army
Spurs FC
tottenham hotspur fc
Tottenham Hotspur F.C
Tottenham Hotspur F. C.
COYS
spurs fc
Tottenham Hotspur FC
audere est facere
coys
TOTTENHAM HOTSPUR
Tottenham Hotspurs
tottenham fc
Tottenham Hotspur Football Club
Tottenham Hotspurs FC
Tottenham Hotspur Foundation
Tottenham FC
hotspurs
Spurs manager
tottenham hotspur football club
FC Tottenham
tottenham hotspurs
Hotspur
fc tottenham
Yid Army
Hotspur (disambiguation)
tottenham hotspurs f c
Tottenham Hostpur
spurs manager
tottenham hotspur f c
Thfc
Tottenham Hotspur F.C.
lilywhites
THFC
hotspur football club
tottenham hotspur foundation
hotspur
Audere est facere
tottenham hostpur
Tottenham Hotspurs F.C.
Tottenham Hotspur F C
tottenham hotspurs fc
Hotspur Football Club
hotspur disambiguation
hotspur f c
tottenham hotspur
Hotspurs

Tottenham Hotspur F.C.

non-Jewish alike, began to chant back the insults and adopt the "Yids" or "Yid Army" identity starting from around the late 1970s or early 1980s. Some fans view adopting "Yid" as a badge of pride, helping defuse its power as an insult. The use of "Yid" as a self-identification, however, has been controversial; some argued that the word is offensive and its use by Spurs fans "legitimis[es] references to Jews in football", and that such racist abuse should be stamped out in football. Others, such as Prime Minister David Cameron, argued that there is "a difference between Spurs fans self-describing

Yid

have mostly moved to the north and east London suburbs and Herts and Essex, but support for Tottenham Hotspur continues to run in families (a famous example is Alan Sugar). For visiting teams' supporters the Jewish connection continues to be bolstered by the large numbers of – easily identifiable – Haredi Orthodox Jews living in the South Tottenham and Stamford Hill areas; but in practice there is no evidence of Haredi Jews attending football matches. Nevertheless, it is not necessary to be Haredi to be Jewish, and Spurs still has a strong Jewish fanbase. Yid The word Yid (; )

The Real Football Factories

opposing fans. Moving on to Chelsea, Dyer meets with Jason Marriner, a former "respected lad" with the Chelsea Headhunters. Marriner was sentenced to six years for football-related offences. Following his sentence, he became something of a celebrity among many of Chelsea's fans, signing autographs and holding audiences with where he discussed his days with the firm. At Tottenham, Dyer met with Trevor Tanner, a member of the Spurs' "Yid Army." Tanner describes how "Yid" was (and continues to be) used as a derogatory term by opposition fans, referencing the Tottenham area's historical roots as a Jewish community. Over time, however,

North London derby

1980s directed antisemitic chants at Spurs fans. In an attempt to draw the sting from these chants, Spurs fans (whether Jewish or not) adopted the words "yid" and "yiddo" for themselves and thereby turned a pejorative into a term of pride and belonging. With the passing of time and as a consequence of the ever-mutating nature of the English language, the words "yid" and "yiddo" now only ever mean "Spurs fan" (or player) when used in the context of English football – even by fans of other teams. There is, however, still some controversy over the use of "yid" or

Red Army (football)

Red Army (football) The Red Army is a hooligan firm who follow English football club Manchester United. Although today the term Red Army is used mostly to refer to fans of the club in general, the hooligan firm have been one of the largest firms in British football. Firm members – and the firm itself – are sometimes known as the Men in Black, due to the members dressing in all black clothing. In his book "Hotshot", Red Army hooligan Harry Gibson states that there are also sub-divisions of the firm known as the Young Munichs, the Inter City Jibbers

Tottenham Hotspur F.C. supporters

Tottenham Hotspur F.C. supporters

The London club Tottenham Hotspur has one of the largest fan bases in England. The fanbase of Tottenham was initially drawn primarily from North London and the nearby Home counties, but the fanbase has expanded worldwide and there is now a great number of fans around the world. The club has one of the best attendance figures in the Premier League for its matches, and it holds the record attendances in the Premier League. There is a long-standing rivalry with Arsenal, and the North London derby is considered the most important of their matches by the fans.

Tottenham Hotspur has an active fanbase that forms organisations to support the team and interact with other members. They also engage with the club and had at times exerted their influence over the club on various issues in its history. They have published fanzines and established an online presence in fansites, forums and blogs dedicated to the club.

Chelsea Headhunters

Chelsea Headhunters

The Chelsea Headhunters are a notorious English football hooligan firm linked to the London football club Chelsea.

Football hooliganism in the United Kingdom

Beginning in at least the 1960s, the United Kingdom gained a reputation worldwide for football hooliganism; the phenomenon was often dubbed the "British" or "English Disease". However, since the 1980s and well into the 1990s the UK government has led a widescale crackdown on football related violence. While football hooliganism has been a growing concern in some continental European countries in recent years, British football fans now tend to have a better reputation abroad. Although reports of British football hooliganism still surface, the instances now tend to occur at pre-arranged locations rather than at the matches themselves.

List of hooligan firms

List of hooligan firms

Hooligan firms (also known as football firms) are groups that participate in football hooliganism in European countries. For groups in Latin America, see barra brava and torcida organizada.

</ref> Aarhus Casuals

</ref>
</ref>
</ref>
</ref>
</ref>
</ref>

Arsenal firm

Arsenal firm

There are two Arsenal hooligan firms, The Gooners (a mutation of the club's nickname, The Gunners) and The Herd.

The Gooners were a violent football hooligan firm mainly active in the 1980s and 1990s. However, the name is now used by most non-hooligan Arsenal supporters.

The Herd was mainly active between the late 1970s and early 1990s, it still exists but prefers to stay undercover. The Herd are a violent football hooligan firm and have the distinctive war-cry E-I-E. The main rivals of The Herd in the 1980s and in the present day are West Ham's I.C.F., Tottenham Hotspur's Yid Army, Chelsea's Headhunters and Millwall's F-Troop (later known as the Millwall Bushwackers). Although The Herd was mainly considered to be a violent firm, a few members were not physically violent. Dainton Connell (aka Dainton "The Bear" Cornnell) was considered a folk hero by many Arsenal fans, but died in a car crash in 2007, with 3,000 mourners attending his funeral including several ex players. The Herd's two most notorious clashes were with Millwall fans at Highbury in 1988 and with Galatasaray fans in City Hall Square, Copenhagen in 2000.

Arsenal firm

Hotspur's Yid Army, Chelsea's Headhunters and Millwall's F-Troop (later known as the Millwall Bushwackers). Although The Herd was mainly considered to be a violent firm, a few members were not physically violent. Dainton Connell (aka Dainton "The Bear" Cornnell) was considered a folk hero by many Arsenal fans, but died in a car crash in 2007, with 3,000 mourners attending his funeral including several ex players. The Herd's two most notorious clashes were with Millwall fans at Highbury in 1988 and with Galatasaray fans in City Hall Square, Copenhagen in 2000. Arsenal firm There are two Arsenal hooligan firms, The

Casuals United

of the Soul Crew football hooligan firm. He has said: "Hooligans from rival clubs are uniting on this and it is like a ready-made army ... We are protesting against the preachers of hate who are actively encouraging young Muslims in this country to take part in a jihad against Britain." Casuals United were formed in reaction to protests by some Muslims in Luton, reportedly organised by the Islamist group Al-Muhajiroun, against a parade of members of the 2nd Battalion Royal Anglian Regiment returning from fighting in the war in Afghanistan in March 2009. Social networking sites such as Facebook

Yid

controversial, for the majority of Tottenham supporters it is used with pride. Some Jewish Tottenham supporters use it with a political consciousness of the club as a bastion against racism and antisemitism. Fans of other clubs use the term as a pejorative because it is perceived that many Tottenham Hotspur fans are Jewish. This following started in the 1890s and 1900s when the club was the team of choice for "East-enders" – including large numbers of Jewish immigrants – who could easily get cheap buses and trams to Tottenham, heading north along the road later designated the A10. East-end Jews

Red Army (football)

, the M58 Firm and the Moston Rats. In his book "Undesirables", Blaney has also stated that the ICJ is dedicated to carrying out acquisitive forms of crime in addition to football hooliganism. He claims that members of the group have been involved in smuggling drugs to Europe and Asia from Latin America and the Caribbean, organizing jail breaks, carrying out armed robberies, travelling overseas to Asia and mainland Europe in order to steal jewellery and committing street robberies. It is the criminal wing of the Red Army The Red Army was the name given to Manchester United away support

Tommy Robinson (activist)

the "Men In Gear" (MIG) football hooligan crew, which follows Luton Town Football Club. The member named Tommy Robinson wrote two books about his 25 years of hooliganism. Robinson was involved with the group United Peoples of Luton, formed in response to a March 2009 protest against Royal Anglian Regiment troops returning from the Afghan War being attacked by the Islamist groups Al-Muhajiroun and Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah. Robinson denies racism and antisemitism, and has declared his support for the Jewish people and Israel, calling himself a Zionist. Robinson has said that his group of friends includes both black and

North Up Alliance

the 2000s the club began trying to persuade fans to drop their Jewish image, yet have achieved no success in this pursuit. Supporters, on and off the field, still employ imagery associated with Jewish history and the Israeli nation. Tottenham Hotspur's Yid Army use similar symbols. North Up Alliance The North Up Alliance ("N.U.A.") is a Dutch football tifosi group associated with AFC Ajax. The name is from their location the stand in Ajax' home stadium Amsterdam Arena, namely rows 409 to 414 in the 2nd ring of the Stadium. North Up Alliance was founded in June 2012 as a

English Defence League

until recently been part of the extreme right scene stood next to people holding Israel flags." The EDL brought together three main constituencies; football hooligans, longstanding far-right activists, and a range of socio-economically marginalised people, the majority of whom were young men. Copsey noted that "beyond their antagonism towards Islam, there is no ideology that binds this ragbag coalition together", and that the EDL was therefore always susceptible to fracture. The group initially drew much of its membership from established football violence networks but later gained recruits from established sectors of the far-right and from within the counter-jihad movement. However,

Tottenham Hotspur F.C.

representative for Spurs supporters. Historically, the club had a significant Jewish following from the Jewish communities in East and Northeast London, with around a third of its supporters estimated to be Jewish in the 1930s. It no longer has a greater Jewish contingent among its fans than other major London clubs (Jewish supporters are estimated to form at most 5% of its fanbase), it is nevertheless identified as a Jewish club by rival fans. This has led to much antisemitic provocation with chants of "Yids" or "Yiddos" against Tottenham supporters. In response to the abusive chants, Tottenham supporters, Jewish and

Antisemitism in the United Kingdom

social interaction and often reflects some of the features of old antisemitism, playing on Jewish stereotypes and myths, and seldom uses expression of contemporary antisemitism. Antisemitic discourse, in the 21st century in the UK, includes several manifestations: There is a history of antisemitic abuse directed at Tottenham Hotspur football fans. The football club has been associated with the Jewish community in London throughout most of its history and many of their fans are self-described as the 'Yid Army'. For this reason many opposing football fans have repeatedly directed antisemitic abuse at Tottenham fans at matches, in the areas outside the

Tottenham Hotspur F.C.

themselves as Yids and someone calling someone a Yid as an insult" as its use by the Spurs fans is not motivated by hate and therefore cannot be considered hate speech. There are a number of songs associated with the club and frequently sung by Spurs fans, such as "Glory Glory Tottenham Hotspur". The song originated in 1961 after Spurs completed the Double in 1960–61, and the club entered the European Cup for the first time. Their first opponents were Górnik Zabrze, the Polish champions, and after a hard-fought match Spurs suffered a 4–2 reverse. Tottenham's tough tackling prompted the

Red Army (football)

the 1970s and early 1980s; and "The Men in Black" in 2006 which told the history from the mid-1980s to the present day. Their activities have declined since the late 1980s as football hooliganism in general has become a less prolific problem than it was for more than a decade before that. Red Army (football) The Red Army is a hooligan firm who follow English football club Manchester United. Although today the term Red Army is used mostly to refer to fans of the club in general, the hooligan firm have been one of the largest firms in British football.

Red Army (football)

at football grounds in England. The Red Army were featured in the 1985 documentary "Hooligan", based around West Ham United's trip to Old Trafford in the FA Cup sixth round. It shows the Red Army fighting with the Inter City Firm (ICF) around Manchester. They were also featured in "The Real Football Factories" documentary series. An episode of the BBC drama, "Life on Mars" centred on football hooliganism by Manchester United fans in the 1970s. Tony O'Neill, the man behind the firm and a former member, has released two books about the firm: "Red Army General" in 2005 concentrating on

Red Army (football)

during the 1970s. Most notoriously in 1974–75, when United had been relegated from the top flight of English football and played one season in the Second Division, the Red Army caused mayhem at grounds up and down the country, visiting stadiums where they would at times outnumber the home support. Together with a Bolton Wanderers fan stabbing a young Blackpool fan to death behind the Spion Kop at Bloomfield Road in Blackpool during a Second Division match on 24 August 1974. Kevin Olsson was the victim of this attack and this led to the introduction of crowd segregation and fencing

Arsenal firm

City (Hull City Psychos), Leeds United (Leeds Service Crew), Middlesbrough (Middlesbrough Frontline), Millwall (Millwall Bushwackers), Newcastle United (Gremlins), Nottingham Forest (Forest Executive Crew), Manchester United (Red Army), Portsmouth (6.57 Crew), Queen's Park Rangers (Bushbabies), Tottenham Hotspur (Yid Army), Sheffield United (Blades Business Crew), Shrewsbury Town (English Border Front), Stoke City (Naughty Forty), West Ham United (Inter City Firm) and Wolverhampton Wanderers (Subway Army). In 1974, when Manchester United were relegated to the Second Division, the Red Army hooligan firm caused mayhem at grounds up and down the country, and in the same year a Bolton Wanderers fan stabbed a young


Question: In which novel by Charles Dickens does 'Miss Cornelia Blimber' appear?

Floy Dombey
Cornelia Blimber
Joe Bagstock
Mrs Cornelia Blimber
Jack Bunsby
dombey and son
Paul Dombey
Dombey and Son
Dombey And Son
floy dombey
cornelia blimber
joe bagstock
paul dombey
jack bunsby
Dombey & Son
dombey son
'DOMBEY & SON'
mrs cornelia blimber
Dombey and son

Dombey and Son

is sent to the seaside at Brighton for his health, where he and Florence lodge with the ancient and acidic Mrs. Pipchin. Finding his health beginning to improve there, Mr. Dombey keeps him at Brighton and has him educated there at Dr. and Mrs. Blimber's school, where he and the other boys undergo both an intense and arduous education under the tutelage of Mr. Feeder, B.A. and Cornelia Blimber. It is here that Paul is befriended by a fellow pupil, the amiable but weak-minded Mr. Toots. Here, Paul's health declines even further in this 'great hothouse' and he finally dies,

The Dead Secret

and more distantly those of Lydia Gwilt in "Armadale" and the female protagonist of his late novel, ‘"The Haunted Hotel". The blind Leonard is another of Collins’ disabled characters. He plays only a small part in the novel, but Collins drew another and more significant blind character in Lucilla, the heroine of his 1872 novel Poor Miss Finch. Much of the novel is set in Cornwall, one of Collins’ favourite English counties, which also features in his early melodrama "Basil". "The Dead Secret" was first published serially in Charles Dickens’ ‘’Household Words’’ in 1856, and by Bradbury & Evans later

Miss Havisham

Miss Havisham Miss Havisham is a character in the Charles Dickens novel "Great Expectations" (1861). She is a wealthy spinster, once jilted at the altar, who insists on wearing her wedding dress for the rest of her life. She lives in a ruined mansion with her adopted daughter, Estella. Dickens describes her as looking like "the witch of the place". Although she has often been portrayed in film versions as very elderly, Dickens's own notes indicate that she is only in her mid-fifties. However, it is indicated in the novel that her long life away from the sunlight has aged

Miss Havisham

Dora Spenlow

she eventually dies. Charles Dickens named his daughter Dora Annie Dickens after the character on her birth in 1850, but she died the following year at the age of eight months. Dora Spenlow Dora Spenlow is a character in the novel "David Copperfield" by Charles Dickens. She is portrayed as beautiful but childish. David, who is employed by her father, the lawyer Mr Spenlow, falls in love with Dora at first sight and marries her. She proves unable to cope with the responsibilities of married life, and is more interested in playing with her dog, Jip, than in acting as

Dombey and Son

Dombey and Son

Dombey and Son is a novel by English author Charles Dickens. It follows the fortunes of a shipping firm owner, who is frustrated at the lack of a son to follow him in his footsteps; he initially rejects his daughter's love before eventually becoming reconciled with her before his death.

The story features many Dickensian themes, such as arranged marriages, child cruelty, betrayal, deceit, and relations between people from different British social classes. The novel was first published in monthly parts between 1846 and 1848, with illustrations by Hablot Knight Browne ("Phiz").

List of Dickensian characters

List of Dickensian characters

This is a list of characters in the works of Charles Dickens.

Contents: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |

"She was dressed in rich materials--satins, and lace, and silks--all white. Her shoes were white. And she had a long white veil dependent from her hair, and she had bridal flowers in her hair, but her hair was white...I saw that everything within my view which ought to be white, had been white long ago, and had lost its lustre, and was faded and yellow. I saw that the bride within the bridal dress had withered like the dress, and like the flowers, and had no brightness left but the brightness of her sunken eyes. I saw that the dress had been put upon the rounded figure of a young woman, and that the figure upon which it now hung loose, had shrunk to skin and bone. Once, I had been taken to see some ghastly wax-work at the Fair...Once, I had been taken to one of our old marsh churches to see a skeleton in the ashes of a rich dress, that had been dug out of a vault under the church pavement. Now, wax-work and skeleton seemed to have dark eyes that moved and looked at me. I should have cried out, if I could."

Wikipedia:WikiProject England/Recognized content

Wikipedia:WikiProject Women's History/Recognized content ...

Sarah Gamp

Dickens by his friend, Angela Burdett-Coutts. In an 1844 stage version of "Martin Chuzzlewit" authorised by Dickens at the Queen's Theatre Sarah Gamp was played by the actor and comedian Thomas Manders. Mrs. Gamp appears in "Dickensian", at first nursing Little Nell at the Old Curiosity Shop and later tending to Silas Wegg (from "Our Mutual Friend"), played by Pauline Collins. Sarah Gamp Sarah or Sairey Gamp is a nurse in the novel "Martin Chuzzlewit" by Charles Dickens, first published as a serial in 1843–1844. Mrs. Gamp, as she is usually referred to, is dissolute, sloppy and generally drunk. She

Charles Dickens

living at Devonshire Terrace, Marylebone, to care for the young family they had left behind. She remained with them as housekeeper, organiser, adviser, and friend until Dickens's death in 1870. Dickens modeled the character of Agnes Wickfield after Georgina and Mary. He described his impressions in a travelogue, "American Notes for General Circulation". Dickens includes in "Notes" a powerful condemnation of slavery, which he had attacked as early as "The Pickwick Papers", correlating the emancipation of the poor in England with the abolition of slavery abroad citing newspaper accounts of runaway slaves disfigured by their masters. In spite of the

Boston (novel)

assemble for the reading of the will. Cornelia sees their behavior as "the revelation of hidden natures." "Trembling with excitement," (32) she pens a farewell note declaring herself a "runaway grandmother" (33) and asking the family not to pursue her. She leaves by a back stairway. Chapter 2: Plymouth Rock Calling herself Mrs. Cornell, Cornelia finds work at a cordage plant in Plymouth, a town not far from Boston. She learns how hard factory work is and how hard the life of the poor. She boards with the Brini family and becomes friends with their other boarder, Bartolomeo Vanzetti, an

Elizabeth Dickens

WHO DIED SEPTEMBER 12TH 1863 AGED 73 YEARS". Charles Dickens used his mother as the source for the vain, ineffectual and verbally comic Mrs. Nickleby in his novel "Nicholas Nickleby" and for Mrs Micawber in "David Copperfield". Elizabeth Dickens Elizabeth Culliford Dickens (née Barrow; 21 December 1789 – 13 September 1863) was the wife of John Dickens and the mother of English novelist Charles Dickens. She was the source for Mrs. Nickleby in her son's novel "Nicholas Nickleby" and for Mrs Micawber in "David Copperfield". One of eight children of Mary Culliford (1771–1851) and Charles Barrow (1759–1826), Elizabeth Barrow was

Dora Spenlow

Dora Spenlow Dora Spenlow is a character in the novel "David Copperfield" by Charles Dickens. She is portrayed as beautiful but childish. David, who is employed by her father, the lawyer Mr Spenlow, falls in love with Dora at first sight and marries her. She proves unable to cope with the responsibilities of married life, and is more interested in playing with her dog, Jip, than in acting as David's housekeeper. All this has a profound effect on David, but he still loves her. However, a year into their marriage she suffers a miscarriage, and her health steadily declines until

Charles Dickens

'rhetorical exuberance': Harold Skimpole in "Bleak House" is based on James Henry Leigh Hunt: his wife's dwarfish chiropodist recognised herself in Miss Mowcher in "David Copperfield". Perhaps Dickens's impressions on his meeting with Hans Christian Andersen informed the delineation of Uriah Heep. Virginia Woolf maintained that "we remodel our psychological geography when we read Dickens" as he produces "characters who exist not in detail, not accurately or exactly, but abundantly in a cluster of wild yet extraordinarily revealing remarks". One "character" vividly drawn throughout his novels is London itself. From the coaching inns on the outskirts of the city to

Elizabeth Fensham

into Italian by Loredana Serratore as "Corri e non voltarti mai". Previous young adult novels include "Miss McAllister’s Ghost" and "Goodbye Jamie Boyd." Fensham's book for younger children, "Matty Forever," was shortlisted for the in 2009 . The companion, "Bill Rules", was published in 2010 and was shortlisted for the Queensland Premier’s Literary Awards in 2011. Her third and final book in the "Matty" series, "Matty and Bill for Keeps" was published in 2012. She has also appeared as a guest speaker at the Melbourne Writers Festival. Melbourne theatre company 'Monkey Baa' have toured a performance version of her book

Bedelia (novel)

one of the deceased men who he claims will be able to recognize and identify Mrs Horst as that woman, Bedelia goes into the offensive and plans her disappearance—with or without her current husband. The witness's arrival is delayed due to a heavy snowstorm, which gives Bedelia more time to try to convince Charlie of her innocence and to talk him into leaving for Europe with her, a proposal which is met with utter disbelief and refusal on Charlie's part. In their snowbound house, Charlie's suspicion concerning his wife's past is steadily growing with each new life-story she serves him

Luke Fildes

Fildes showed a line of homeless people applying for tickets to stay overnight in the workhouse. The wood-engraving, entitled "Houseless and Hungry", was seen by John Everett Millais, who brought it to the attention of Charles Dickens; Dickens was so impressed that he immediately commissioned Fildes to illustrate "The Mystery of Edwin Drood" (a book Dickens never finished as he died while writing it). Fildes' illustrations also appeared in other mass-circulation periodicals: "Sunday Magazine", "The Cornhill Magazine", and "The Gentleman's Magazine". He also illustrated a number of books in addition to Dickens' "Edwin Drood", such as Thackeray's "Catherine" (1894). Fildes

Mr. Sowerberry

goes on, the adaptation by Bart continues to play in both large well known theatres and small auditoriums around the world. Mr. Sowerberry Mr. Sowerberry is a fictional character who appears as a weak antagonist in the Charles Dickens novel "Oliver Twist". He is an undertaker and coffin maker who owns and operates a small dark shop in a small town some 75 miles from London. This shop also serves as a dwelling for himself, his wife, a maidservant named Charlotte, an assistant named Noah Claypole, and, for a short period, as an apprentice, the protagonist of the novel, Master

Miss Havisham

goes on with her taking charge of her family's business before descending into vengeful madness, adopting Estella, and arranging the meeting of Estella and Pip. A young version of Miss Havisham is portrayed by Tuppence Middleton in the 2015 BBC TV series "Dickensian". The series gives her the first name Amelia and references the period of her life in the months running up to her wedding. Satis House is relocated to London within the same community as other characters from novels by Dickens. In film adaptations of "Great Expectations", Miss Havisham has been played by a number of distinguished actresses,

Esther Summerson

Esther Summerson Esther Summerson is a character in "Bleak House", a novel written by Charles Dickens. She also serves as one of the novel's two narrators; half the book is written from her perspective. it is the only example of a double narrative in Dickens and the first person female voice may have been influenced by the example of Charlotte Bronte's "Jane Eyre", published in 1847. As an "orphaned" baby, Esther was brought up in an atmosphere of moralistic neglect by Miss Barbary, a woman she knew as her godmother; this woman was in reality the sister of her unmarried

Charles Dickens

debt, and this became a common theme in many of his books, with the detailed depiction of life in the Marshalsea prison in "Little Dorrit" resulting from Dickens's own experiences of the institution. Lucy Stroughill, a childhood sweetheart, may have affected several of Dickens's portraits of girls such as Little Em'ly in "David Copperfield" and Lucie Manette in "A Tale of Two Cities." Dickens may have drawn on his childhood experiences, but he was also ashamed of them and would not reveal that this was where he gathered his realistic accounts of squalor. Very few knew the details of his

Agnes Wickfield

Agnes Wickfield Agnes Wickfield is a character of "David Copperfield", a novel by Charles Dickens. She is a friend and confidante of David (the narrator and protagonist of this semi-autobiography) since his childhood and at the end of the novel, his second wife. In Dickens' language, she is the "real heroine" of the novel. Agnes Wickfield is introduced in chapter 15 of the novel; when David, with his great-aunt Betsey Trotwood, goes to her father Mr. Wickfield's house in Canterbury, in search of a good school. Agnes, whose mother is dead, takes care of her alcoholic yet affectionate father and

Miss Pross

Miss Pross Miss Pross is a character in Charles Dickens' novel, "A Tale of Two Cities". Miss Pross is Lucie Manette's no-nonsense governess and friend. She accompanies Lucie to Dover when Lucie goes to France to retrieve her father, Dr. Alexandre Manette, after his release from the Bastille, but her stout English patriotism causes her to stay in England. She is Lucie's constant companion accompanying her to the trial of Charles Darnay, to church, to just about everything. She is Lucie's shadow and protector, and overcomes her dislike of everything not English to accompany Lucie to France when her husband


Question: Which US state is called 'Old Dominion'?

Colony of Virginia

Charles II gave it the title of "Old Dominion". The colony seal stated from Latin, 'Behold, Virginia gives the fifth", with Virginia claimed as the fifth English dominion after England, France, Scotland and Ireland. The state of Virginia maintains "Old Dominion" as its state nickname. The athletic teams of the University of Virginia are known as the "Cavaliers," referring to supporters of Charles II, and Virginia has another state public university called "Old Dominion University". Although Spain, France, Sweden, and the Netherlands all had competing claims to the region, none of these prevented the English from becoming the first European

Virginia

the present moniker, "Old Dominion" is a reference to that title. Charles' supporters were called Cavaliers, and "The Cavalier State" nickname was popularized after the American Civil War to romanticize the antebellum period. Sports teams from the University of Virginia are called the Cavaliers. The other nickname, "Mother of Presidents", is also historic, as eight Virginians have served as President of the United States, including four of the first five. The state's motto, "Sic Semper Tyrannis", translates from Latin as "Thus Always to Tyrants", and is used on the state seal, which is then used on the flag. While the

Virginia

emeritus. Government Tourism and recreation Culture and history Maps and Demographics Virginia Virginia (), officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" due to its status as the first English colonial possession established in mainland North America and "Mother of Presidents" because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for

Virginia

Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association, and two others compete in the Division I Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. Several smaller schools compete in the Old Dominion Athletic Conference and the USA South Athletic Conference of NCAA Division III. The NCAA currently holds its Division III championships in football, men's basketball, volleyball and softball in Salem. The state nickname is its oldest symbol, though it has never been made official by law. Virginia was given the title "Dominion" by King Charles II of England at the time of The Restoration, because it had remained loyal to the crown during the English Civil War, and

Virginia

Virginia Virginia (), officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" due to its status as the first English colonial possession established in mainland North America and "Mother of Presidents" because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth

Virginia

Virginia

Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most-populous city, and Fairfax County is the most-populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's population was over 8.65million, with 36% of them living in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area.

The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607, the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent English colony in the New World. Virginia's state nickname, the Old Dominion, is a reference to this status. Slave labor and land acquired from displaced native tribes fueled the growing plantation economy, but also fueled conflicts both inside and outside the colony. Virginia was one of the original Thirteen Colonies in the American Revolution, and battles in Virginia secured the independence of the United States. During the American Civil War, Virginia was split when the state government in Richmond joined the Confederacy, but many of the state's northwestern counties remained loyal to the Union, becoming the state of West Virginia in 1863. Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following the Reconstruction era, both major political parties are competitive in modern Virginia.

Virginia's state legislature is the Virginia General Assembly, which was established in July 1619, making it the oldest current law-making body in North America. It is made up of a 40-member Senate and a 100-member House of Delegates. The state government is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginia's economy has many sectors: agriculture in the Shenandoah Valley; high tech and federal agencies, including the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense and Central Intelligence Agency, in Northern Virginia; and military facilities in Hampton Roads, the site of the region's main seaport.

Old Dominion University

Old Dominion University

Old Dominion University (Old Dominion or ODU) is a public research university in Norfolk, Virginia. It was established in 1930 as the Norfolk Division of the College of William & Mary and is now one of the largest universities in Virginia with an enrollment of 24,286 students for the 2021 academic year. Old Dominion University also enrolls over 700 international students from 89 countries. Its main campus covers straddling the city neighborhoods of Larchmont, Highland Park, and Lambert's Point, approximately from Downtown Norfolk.

Old Dominion University is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation, ODU spent $60.3 million on research and development in 2018. It contributes nearly $2 billion annually in economic impact to the regional economy.

The university offers 168 undergraduate and graduate degree programs to approximately 24,000 students across seven colleges and three schools. Old Dominion University has approximately 124,000 alumni in all 50 states and 67 countries. Old Dominion University derives its name from one of Virginia's state nicknames, "The Old Dominion", given to the state by King Charles II of England for remaining loyal to the crown during the English Civil War.

Old Dominion (band)

Old Dominion (band)

Old Dominion is an American country music band formed in Nashville, Tennessee. The band consists of Matthew Ramsey (lead vocals), Trevor Rosen (guitar, keyboards), Whit Sellers (drums), Geoff Sprung (bass guitar), and Brad Tursi (guitar). Their music is contemporary country with rock instrumentation, and has pop overtones.

The band has released four full-length albums and three EPs. They released their self-titled EP in 2014, followed in the next year by their debut studio album, "Meat and Candy" on RCA Records Nashville, which includes the singles "Break Up with Him", "Snapback", and "Song for Another Time". Their second album "Happy Endings" was released in 2017, which includes the singles "No Such Thing as a Broken Heart", "Written in the Sand", and "Hotel Key". The third album "Old Dominion" was released in 2019, with the singles "Make It Sweet" and "One Man Band" both successful on the chart. This is followed by "Time, Tequila & Therapy", which was released in 2021.

In addition to their own material, Ramsey, Rosen, and Tursi have written several hit singles for other contemporary country music artists.

List of U.S. state and territory nicknames

The following is a table of U.S. state, federal district and territory nicknames, including officially adopted nicknames and other traditional nicknames for the 50 U.S. states, the U.S. federal district, as well as five U.S. territories.

Old Dominion

Colony of Virginia

in 1775, before the Declaration of Independence was officially adopted, the Virginia colony became the Commonwealth of Virginia, one of the original thirteen states of the United States, adopting as its official slogan "The Old Dominion". The entire modern states of West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois, and portions of Ohio and Western Pennsylvania were later created from the territory encompassed, or claimed by, the colony of Virginia at the time of further American independence in July 1776. The name "Virginia" is the oldest designation for English claims in North America. In 1584, Sir Walter Raleigh sent Philip Amadas and

Old Dominion University

degree programs to over 24,000 students and is one of the nation's largest providers of online distance learning courses. Old Dominion University has approximately 124,000 alumni in all 50 states and 67 countries. Old Dominion University derives its name from one of Virginia's state nicknames, "The Old Dominion", given to the state by King Charles II of England for remaining loyal to the crown during the English Civil War. The foundations of Old Dominion University began in the minds of administrators and officials at the College of William and Mary in the first decades of the twentieth century. Notable among

Colony of Virginia

and 50s, the Virginia colony was nicknamed "The Old Dominion" by King Charles II for its perceived loyalty to the English monarchy during the era of the Protectorate and Commonwealth of England. From 1619 to 1775/1776, the colonial legislature of Virginia was the House of Burgesses, which governed in conjunction with a colonial governor. Jamestown on the James River remained the capital of the Virginia colony until 1699; from 1699 until its dissolution the capital was in Williamsburg. The colony experienced its first major political turmoil with Bacon's Rebellion of 1676. After declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain

Commonwealth (U.S. state)

This is evident in the names of the Virginia State Corporation Commission, the Virginia State Police, and the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. The state university in Richmond is known as Virginia Commonwealth University; there is also a Virginia State University, located in Ettrick. Commonwealth (U.S. state) Commonwealth is a designation used by four of the 50 states of the United States in their full official state names: Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good. Prior to the formation of the United States of America in

Southern Colonies

England. While other colonies were being founded, Virginia continued to grow. Tobacco planters held the best land near the coast, so new settlers pushed inland. Sir William Berkeley, the colony's governor, sent explorers over the Blue Ridge Mountains to open up the back country of Virginia to settlement. After independence from Great Britain in 1776 the Virginia Colony became the Commonwealth of Virginia, one of the original thirteen states of the United States, adopting as its official slogan "The Old Dominion". The states of West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois, and portions of Ohio, were all later created from the

Virginia State Route 309

Virginia State Route 309 State Route 309 (SR 309) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. Known for most of its length as Old Dominion Drive, which was once the right of way of the Great Falls Division of the Washington and Old Dominion Railroad, the state highway runs from SR 123 in McLean east to U.S. Route 29 (US 29) in Arlington. SR 309 begins at an intersection with SR 123 (Dolley Madison Boulevard) in McLean. Old Dominion Drive continues northwest as SR 738 toward Great Falls. The state highway heads east as a four-lane

Virginia in the American Civil War

uncle was and the soldier replied his name is Uncle Sam. He was quickly enlisted as a Union scout due to his knowledge of the local terrain. Numerous battlefields and sites have been partially or fully preserved in Virginia. Those managed by the Federal government include Manassas National Battlefield Park, Richmond National Battlefield Park, Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park, Cedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park, Petersburg National Battlefield, Appomattox Court House National Historical Park. Virginia in the American Civil War The Commonwealth of Virginia became a prominent part of the Confederate States of America when it joined

Old Dominion University

Old Dominion University Old Dominion University (ODU) is a public research university in Norfolk, Virginia. It was established in 1930 as the Norfolk Division of the College of William & Mary and is now one of the largest universities in Virginia with an enrollment of 24,670 students for the 2014-2015 academic year. Its main campus covers over straddling the city neighborhoods of Larchmont, Highland Park, and Lambert's Point, approximately from Downtown Norfolk. Old Dominion University is classified among "Doctoral Universities: Higher Research Activity" and provides nearly $2 billion annually to the regional economy. The university offers 168 undergraduate and graduate

Southern Colonies

occasionally as the Dominion and Colony of Virginia) was an English colony in North America which existed briefly during the 16th century, and then continuously from 1607 until the American Revolution (as a British colony after 1707). The name Virginia was first applied by Sir Walter Raleigh and Queen Elizabeth I in 1584. Jamestown was the first town created by the Virginia colony. After the English Civil War in the mid 17th century, the Virginia Colony was nicknamed "The Old Dominion" by King Charles II for its perceived loyalty to the English monarchy during the era of the Commonwealth of

Old Dominion (band)

Old Dominion (band) Old Dominion is an American five-member country music band formed in Nashville, Tennessee. The band consists of Matthew Ramsey (lead vocals), Trevor Rosen (guitar, keyboards), Whit Sellers (drums), Geoff Sprung (bass guitar), and Brad Tursi (guitar). Their music is contemporary country with rock instrumentation, and has pop and hip hop overtones. The band has released two full-length albums and two EPs. They released their self-titled EP in 2014, followed in the next year by their debut studio album, "Meat and Candy" on RCA Records Nashville, which includes the singles "Break Up with Him", "Snapback", and "Song for

Gentry

I in 1649, Charles II is reputed to have called Virginia his "Old Dominion", a nickname that endures today. Most of such early settlers in Virginia were so-called "Second Sons". Primogeniture favored the first sons' inheriting lands and titles in England. Virginia evolved in a society of second or third sons of English aristocracy who inherited land grants or land in Virginia. They formed part of the southern elite in America. Many of the great Virginia dynasties traced their roots to families like the Lees and the Fitzhughs, who traced lineage to England's county families and baronial legacies. But not

Kings Dominion

the walkway and its shops were considered part of the International Street area; during the park's Paramount seasons, the boundaries of International Street expanded to include the Action Theater. Along with International Street, Old Virginia is the only original section of Kings Dominion that has kept its same name throughout the park's history. This area has a distinct old-fashioned country theme with colonial-themed props (including a replica of the Liberty Bell), music, and architecture. In the 1970s, Old Virginia had an Intamin Flying Dutchman flat ride called Jamestown Landing; behind it, Old Virginia had a narrow gauge steam train ride,

Dominion

sovereignty, not merely suzerainty. The later sense of "Dominion" was capitalised to distinguish it from the more general sense of "dominion". The word "dominions" originally referred to the possessions of the Kingdom of England. Oliver Cromwell's full title in the 1650s was "Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, and the dominions thereto belonging". In 1660, King Charles II gave the Colony of Virginia the title of "dominion" in gratitude for Virginia's loyalty to the Crown during the English Civil War. The Commonwealth of Virginia, a State of the United States, still has "the Old Dominion" as

Old Dominion Monarchs baseball

Old Dominion Monarchs baseball The Old Dominion Monarchs baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, United States. The team is a member of the Conference USA, which is part of NCAA Division I and just landed the number 1 left-handed pitching prospect in New Jersey, Joey Dechiaro. Old Dominion's first baseball team was fielded in 1931 as the William and Mary College – Norfolk Division Braves. ODU joined Division I in 1977. The team plays its home games at Bud Metheny Baseball Complex in Norfolk, Virginia where it has played since 1982.

Old Dominion–VCU basketball rivalry

Old Dominion–VCU basketball rivalry The Old Dominion–VCU basketball rivalry is a college sports rivalry between the VCU Rams of Virginia Commonwealth University and the Old Dominion Monarchs of Old Dominion University. It is often regarded as the best college basketball rivalry in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The rivalry between Virginia Commonwealth University and Old Dominion University exists primarily because of the similar histories of the two Virginia public universities. Both schools have historic affiliations with The College of William & Mary (W&M). One of VCU's predecessor institutions, the Richmond Professional Institute (RPI), became part of W&M in 1925. ODU was