Bookstore owners say they are doing so because too many people regularly come to events having already bought a book online or planning to do so later. Consumers now see the bookstore merely as another library — a place to browse, do informal research and pick up staff recommendations.

“They type titles into their iPhones and go home,” said Nancy Salmon, the floor manager at Kepler’s. “We know what they’re doing, and it has tested my patience.”

The novelist Ann Patchett , who is currently on a three-week book tour for her new book, “ State of Wonder ,” appeared at a ticketed event at Kepler’s last week. While she said she was sympathetic to bookstores, she is concerned that people who do not have enough money to buy a hardcover book — especially students or the elderly — might be left out.

“I wouldn’t want the people who have no idea who I am and have nothing else to do on a Wednesday night shut out,” she said. “Those are your readers.”

While e-book sales have exploded in the last year, sales of print books have suffered, hitting brick-and-mortar stores especially hard. But the independent bookstores that have survived the growth of Amazon and the big bookstore chains have tried to retool over the years to become tougher, more agile and more creative in finding new sources of revenue beyond print books.

Anne Holman, the general manager of The King’s English Bookshop, an independent store in Salt Lake City , said an industrywide discussion began a few years ago about whether to charge for events.

“We don’t like to have events where people can’t come for free,” Ms. Holman said. “But we also can’t host big free events that cost us a lot money and everyone is buying books everywhere else.”

Advertisement Continue reading the main story

The bookshop now requires book purchases or sells tickets for around half of its 150 annual events, up from 10 percent five years ago.

Heather Gain, the marketing manager of the Harvard Book Store in Cambridge , Mass., said that in recent years the store had begun doing more events that required the customer to buy a book, constantly reminding them that “if they aren’t purchasing the books from the establishments that are running these events, the bookstores are going to go away.”

“We’re a business,” Ms. Gain said. “We’re not just an Amazon showroom.”

Roxanne Coady, the owner of R. J. Julia in Madison, Conn., was one of the first prominent booksellers to begin charging for events about five years ago, a move that she considered “desperate” at the time. A ticket to get in, she said, generally can be paid toward the price of a book.

Newsletter Sign Up Continue reading the main story Please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box. Invalid email address. Please re-enter. You must select a newsletter to subscribe to. Sign Up You will receive emails containing news content , updates and promotions from The New York Times. You may opt-out at any time. You agree to receive occasional updates and special offers for The New York Times's products and services. Thank you for subscribing. An error has occurred. Please try again later. View all New York Times newsletters.

“We were so nervous about it,” she said. “What we’re saying to our best customers is, if you’re shopping with us, nothing’s changed. But for those folks who consider us cheap entertainment, then this is a good way to talk to them about the fact that the way to show your appreciation to the author and the bookstore is to buy their book.”

About 10 percent of her revenue now comes from events, which are held about 200 times a year.

Publishers can benefit from bookstore events, which are frequently covered in local media as news events, giving book sales a boost.

But privately, some publishers said they were skeptical. “We pay for the author to travel and come to the bookstore, and then the store makes money from it?” one said.

Readers seem split on the practice. Helen Glikman, 54, a professor of social work from Cambridge, Mass., who regularly attends readings at local bookstores, said she would happily pay a nominal fee, say $10, to hear Paul Auster , who she has seen twice, or Jonathan Lethem .

“You get a real sense of community at an independent bookstore,” she said. “You get an intellectual community that gathers around books, and that can only happen at a bookstore.”

Joshua Roberts, who works for Drexel University, attended a reading of Eleanor Henderson’s debut novel “10,000 Saints,” at the Strand bookstore in Manhattan on Thursday night. He has known Ms. Henderson for years and was thrilled that her book was out, but he was disinclined to pay to attend a reading at a bookstore.

Advertisement Continue reading the main story

“Who would the money go to? Not to the author?” he asked. “That’s terrible.”

After the reading Ms. Henderson said her initial reaction was that charging would be unwise.

“I’m not sure that charging readers would be a) useful or b) friendly. While I understand the need for bookstores to make money, I don’t think they should discourage readers.”

Some bookstore owners say that while they understand the impulse to charge, they are not comfortable doing it themselves.

Barnes & Noble , the largest bookstore chain in the country, has never charged admission to its events, a spokeswoman said.

“We are retailers, we are selling a product, for sure, but, at the same time, we’re a cultural center,” said Neal Sofman, co-owner of Bookshop West Portal in San Francisco , but he would not rule out charging in the future. “You can never say never anymore.”

Others make an occasional exception to their no-charging policy. BookCourt, a bookstore in Brooklyn that holds about 300 author events each year, charged $10 a person for an event celebrating the magazine N+1 in December, at the urging of Keith Gessen, an author and an editor of N+1. More than 200 people showed up.