Judge Heger said Mr. Breivik had been charged with “acts of terrorism,” including an attempt to “disturb or destroy the functions of society, such as the government” and to spread “serious fear” among the population. At the televised news conference, the judge said Mr. Breivik had acknowledged carrying out the attacks but had pleaded not guilty, because he “believes that he needed to carry out these acts to save Norway” and Western Europe from “cultural Marxism and Muslim domination.”

The police also revised the death toll downward to 76 from 93, saying that eight people were now known to have died in the bomb blast in central Oslo, one more than before, and 68 on the island of Utoya, instead of 86. The police said they had been too occupied with searching for the dead and missing to confirm their counts, and to prevent further confusion, they said, they declined to provide any figure for those still missing.

Legislators said a list of the dead might not be available until next Monday or Tuesday, when they planned to hold a memorial ceremony, followed by funerals all over Norway.

Mr. Breivik’s estranged father, a retired career Norwegian diplomat, expressed shock and despondency over the news that his son was a mass killer, in an interview published by Expressen, a Swedish tabloid, done from southern France , where he lives. The father, Jens David Breivik, said he was overcome with grief for the victims, might never return to Norway and hoped that others would not blame him for his son’s actions. “He should have taken his own life, too,” the father said. “That’s what he should have done.”

At noon on Monday, there was a minute of silence for the victims throughout Norway and other Nordic countries, followed by the evening memorial gathering outside Oslo’s City Hall , where many of the participants carried white or red roses. “Tonight the streets are filled with love,” Crown Prince Haakon told the crowd.

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Mr. Breivik’s hearing also brought out many ordinary people, still shocked and fascinated by the man accused of blowing up the main government building and then murdering so many Norwegian children, one bullet at a time, from his legally purchased rifle and handgun.

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Up to 1,500 people filled the narrow streets around the courthouse, especially in the back, near the entrance to the underground garage where they believed Mr. Breivik would be brought in.

The crowd was mostly quiet and pensive, as if in mourning, but some people expressed anger, too, shouting at a car they thought might be carrying Mr. Breivik. Naim Alizadeh, 20, hit the vehicle as his friend, Alexander Roine, 24, screamed repeatedly: “You traitor! Get out of the car! Long live Norway!”

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“I’m here to show that everyone hates him, and that he’s not a hero,” said Mr. Alizadeh, a McDonald’s employee who moved to Norway from Afghanistan at age 13. He said he had two friends on the island — one dead, one wounded.

“People want to see face-to-face the guy who did this,” said Bernt Almbakk, 31, a lawyer. “It’s very personal. This is a small country.” Rather than anger, Mr. Almbakk said, “it’s the sorrow and the feelings — it’s been a very hard weekend with a lot of tears.”

Harald Stanghelle, the political editor of the newspaper Aftenposten, said that “coming here is a way to participate.” Norway, he said, “is a country of grief and sorrow, trying to overcome a great shock. There’s a hope to participate and be together.”

At one point, there was clapping in the crowd. From the front of the courthouse came a newlywed couple. “It was a glimpse of normal life in this film of horror,” Mr. Stanghelle said.