In the following year, more than 50,000 people have been jailed and over 150,000 people have been fired from their jobs with midnight decrees. Teachers, judges, prosecutors, academics, civil servants and journalists have been taken from their homes after dawn raids by the counterterror police. They have been in prison for months with no indictment in sight, and we don’t know if they have any links with the coup plotters.

Twelve members of the Turkish Parliament and more than 150 journalists have been imprisoned and charged with supporting terror because of their speeches, writings or tweets. Turkey has been wrapped in a cloak of fear and anxiety.

Nine months after the coup, on April 16 of this year, Mr. Erdogan had a referendum to make a series of constitutional amendments. It granted him increased powers allowing him to retake his position as the head of the A.K.P.; scrap the position of the prime minister; appoint judges, and ministers; prepare the budget and enact laws by decree; and dismiss the Parliament, among other things.

Mr. Erdogan didn’t win a fair vote. The government misused administrative resources for the pro-referendum campaign in violation of laws and international commitments. The media granted little space to the opposition campaign against the referendum. The arrests of journalists and the closure of media houses led to self-censorship.

An opposition party’s key political figures were kept in prison and prevented from campaigning. Upon A.K.P.’s request, Turkey’s Supreme Board of Elections changed vote-counting procedures and removed an important safeguard. Yet half of Turkey voted against the referendum and increased powers for Mr. Erdogan.

The changes brought about by the referendum hollowed out the principle of separation of powers in our already problematic democracy and further eroded the rule of law. Power is concentrated in Mr. Erdogan’s hands. Turkey is ruled by one man.

As we approach the first anniversary of the coup, tens of thousands of people who were arrested in the purges are yet to stand trial and get a fair chance to defend themselves. Judicial independence has been eliminated. The judges and prosecutors who take decisions against the government’s can be easily removed from their offices and arrested.