Americans who identify with President-elect Donald J. Trump’s message of anti-political correctness may have a new, unlikely ally: a Singaporean teenager who is seeking asylum in the United States and calls himself a “poster boy for free speech.”

The Singaporean, Amos Yee, 18, is a former child actor turned prominent online dissident who fled to the United States last week after being convicted in his own country of “wounding the religious feelings” of Christians and Muslims. Mr. Yee was apprehended by American immigration officials at O’Hare Airport in Chicago and is in custody.

The plea he plans to make to American authorities, that he was punished for insensitive speech, echoes an argument that Mr. Trump made repeatedly throughout his campaign — that political correctness was damaging to the country, and that it had prevented government officials from adequately addressing issues of national security, race and religion.

“We’re all dealing with these issues of, ‘What are the lines, what are the boundaries, what’s permissible?’” said Sandra Grossman, an immigration lawyer in Bethesda, Md., who is representing Mr. Yee in his asylum case. She said she believed the outcome “may say a lot about how we treat our own freedom of expression cases.”