“The director didn’t get a clean bill of health at the end of this hearing,” Mr. Issa said.

Under questioning by committee members, Ms. Pierson said that an outer glass door at the North Portico remained unlocked after the intruder breached the fence and that an inner, wooden door was in the process of being hand-locked when the intruder came through the doors. She said the Secret Service had since installed an automatic lock on the door, which drew a tongue-in-cheek response from Mr. Issa.

“We learn from our mistakes,” he said.

Ms. Pierson, who said she took “full responsibility” for the security failure, also offered new details about the route that Mr. Gonzalez took inside the White House. She said he “knocked back” an agent inside the building, and then fought with the agent as he continued through the Entrance Hall, turned left into the Cross Hall, got a few steps inside the East Room and was finally tackled by two Secret Service officers back in the Cross Hall, just outside the Green Room.

Officials said the two were assisted by at least one off-duty agent who had just entered the building after seeing Mr. Obama off in Marine One, the presidential helicopter.

Ms. Pierson, a 30-year veteran of the Secret Service, spoke mostly in a monotone and exhibited little emotion, but at times she appeared flustered as lawmakers pressed her for short, quick answers. In a classified session after the hearing, Ms. Pierson told lawmakers that in jumping the fence, Mr. Gonzalez had set off a couple of security systems but acknowledged that the officers did not properly respond, Mr. Issa said. He said that some Secret Service members were under investigation, and that one “will not be standing post at any time in the near future.”

Shortly after the hearing, the United States attorney’s office in Washington announced that Mr. Gonzalez had been indicted by a grand jury on charges of unlawfully entering a restricted government building while carrying a weapon. The grand jury also indicted Mr. Gonzalez on charges of carrying a dangerous weapon in public and unlawfully possessing ammunition.