John William Friso

The royal descendants of John William Friso, Prince of Orange currently occupy all the hereditary European royal thrones, with Friso and his wife, Landgravine Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel, being the most recent common ancestors of all the European monarchs. Due to the intermarriage of the European royal houses, many monarchs are descended from Friso in more than one way. Through history, Friso has also been the ancestor of many monarchs whose thrones no longer exist.

Albania [ edit ]

William, Prince of Albania

William, Prince of Albania, the only ruler of the Principality of Albania, was descended from Friso through both children of his son:

With the death of William's son, Carol Victor, the line became extinct.

Charles I of Austria-Hungary

Charles I of Austria, the last reigning Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, was descended from Friso through his daughter's son:

Baden [ edit ]

Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden

Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden, the last reigning Grand Duke of Baden, a constituent of the German Empire, was descended from Friso through his daughter's son:

Frederick II had no children, so upon his death his first cousin Prince Maximilian of Baden became the pretender. Here is his lineage:

Maximilian's grandson, also named Maximilian, and the current pretender, is additionally descended from Friso through his mother's lineage:

Bavaria [ edit ]

Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria and his wife

King Ludwig III of Bavaria, the last reigning Bavarian monarch, was not descended from Friso, but his son, Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria, was through Friso's son's daughter:

The Dukes of Bavaria, beginning with Rupprecht, are also the heirs to the Jacobite claim to the British thrones.

Belgium [ edit ]

King Philippe of Belgium

King Philippe of Belgium is descended from Friso through both children his son and his daughter's son:

Brunswick [ edit ]

Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick

Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick, the last reigning Duke of Brunswick, was descended from Friso through his son's daughter:

Bulgaria [ edit ]

Tsar Simeon II of Bulgaria

Tsar Simeon II of Bulgaria, the last Bulgarian Tsar, is descended from Friso through his son's daughter and his daughter's son:

Denmark [ edit ]

Queen Margrethe II of Denmark

Queen Margrethe II of Denmark is descended from Friso through both children of his son and his daughter's son in four:

Same as #1 above Same as #2 above Same as #3 above in third list Same as #4 above in third list Same as #5 above in third list Same as #6 above in third list Same as #5 above Same as #6 above Same as #7 above Same as #8 above Same as #9 above

Germany [ edit ]

Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia

Wilhelm II of Germany, the last Kaiser, was not descended from Friso, but his grandson Louis Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia was descended from Friso's daughter's son in two ways:

Georg Friedrich, the current pretender, is additionally descended from Friso's daughter's son in one additional way:

Greece [ edit ]

King Constantine II of Greece

King Constantine II of Greece, the last Greek King, is descended from Friso through his son's daughter in two ways:

Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, the King's wife, is the sister of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark. See their lineage here.

Hesse and the Rhine [ edit ]

Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse

Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, the last reigning Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, was descended from Friso through his daughter's son:

Upon Louis's death, his cousin Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse became the pretender. Even though he is not descended from Friso, he married the daughter of King Victor Emmanuel of Italy, Princess Mafalda of Savoy, a descendant of Friso's daughter's son. Therefore, their grandson, the current pretender Donatus, Landgrave of Hesse is a Friso's descendant:

Italy [ edit ]

King Umberto II of Italy

King Umberto II of Italy, the last Italian King, was descended from Friso through his daughter's son:

Liechtenstein [ edit ]

Prince Hans-Adam II

Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein is descended from Friso through his daughter's son:

Luxembourg [ edit ]

Grand Duke Henri

Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg is descended from Friso through his son's son in one way and his son's daughter in two:

Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin was descended from Friso through his daughter's son in two ways:

Upon Friedrich Franz's death, the line became extinct.

Monaco [ edit ]

Albert II, Prince of Monaco

Albert II, Prince of Monaco is descended from Friso through his daughter's son:

Netherlands [ edit ]

King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands

King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands is descended from Friso through his son's son in one way and his son's daughter in two:

Norway [ edit ]

King Harald V of Norway

King Harald V of Norway is descended from Friso through his son's son in two ways and his son's daughter in one:

Oldenburg [ edit ]

Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg

Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg, the last reigning Grand Duke of Oldenburg, was descended from Friso through his son's daughter:

Anton-Günther is also descended from Friso's son's daughter through his mother in two ways:

Romania [ edit ]

King Michael I of Romania

King Michael I of Romania, the last King of Romania, was descended from Friso through his son's daughter in one way and his daughter's son in two:

Male line:

Russia [ edit ]

Tsar Nicholas II of Russia

Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, the last Tsar of Russia, was descended from Friso through his daughter's son:

The current pretender status to the Russian throne is disputed, but only one line descends from Friso, also through his daughter's son:

Another line:

Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the last reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, was descended from Friso through his son's daughter in two ways:

Alternative pretender Andreas, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha is the son of a younger son of Charles Edward.

William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, the last monarch of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, was descended from Friso through both children of his son:

Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe

Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, the last reigning Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, was descended from Friso through his son's daughter:

Upon Adolf's death, his brother Wolrad became the pretender, his descent is shown here:

Same as #1 above Same as #2 above Same as #3 above Same as #4 above Same as #5 above Same as #6 above Same as #7 above Wolrad, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe (1887–1962) m. Princess Bathildis of Schaumburg-Lippe – pretender Philipp-Ernst, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe (1928–2003) m. Eva-Benita von Tiele-Winckler Alexander, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe (1958–) m. Princess Marie Luise of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg

Spain [ edit ]

King Felipe VI of Spain

King Felipe VI of Spain is descended from Friso through his son's daughter in four ways and his daughter's son in one:

Sweden [ edit ]

King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden

King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden is descended from Friso through his son's daughter in three ways and his daughter's son in two:

Same as #1 above Same as #2 above Same as #3 above Same as #4 above in first list Same as #5 above in first list Princess Helena of Nassau (1831–1888) m. George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont Same as #7 above Same as #8 above Same as #9 above Same as #10 above

United Kingdom [ edit ]

Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom is descended from Friso through his son's daughter:

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the Queen's husband, is descended from Friso through his son's daughter in one way and his daughter's son in two:

Waldeck and Pyrmont [ edit ]

Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont, the last reigning Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont, was descended from Friso's son's daughter in two ways:

Württemberg [ edit ]

William II of Württemberg

William II of Württemberg, the last reigning King of Württemberg, was descended from Friso through his son's daughter:

Upon William's death, the royal branch of the line became extinct, and the ducal branch succeeded as pretenders, beginning with Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg, whose lineage is shown here:

The current pretender, Carl, is descended from Friso's son's daughter in one further way and also from his daughter's son in another:

Yugoslavia [ edit ]

King Peter II of Yugoslavia

King Peter II of Yugoslavia was descended from his daughter's son in two ways:

The current pretender's mother was a Princess of Greece as the granddaughter of King Constantine I of Greece. Through her, the current pretender is also descended from Friso's son's daughter.