Question: New studies reveal that glaciers are melting at an accelerated pace compared to earlier projections, indicating a protracted pattern of decline.

 Rapid Ice Cap Melting: New Studies Confirm Alarming Rates

Recent studies confirm alarming trends regarding the rapid disappearance of ice caps, revealing that they're retreating much faster than earlier estimations suggested. These findings underscore the urgency needed in addressing climate change impacts globally. Researchers highlight how satellite data and ground observations corroborate accelerated glacial retreat across various regions, indicating severe consequences if current trajectories continue unchecked. Such developments challenge previous models predicting slower changes, emphasizing immediate action required to mitigate environmental degradation associated with ice sheet losses around Antarctica, Greenland, and Arctic areas alike.

This critical information emerges amidst ongoing advancements within multiple fields; scientists successfully cultivated bioengineered organs (e.g., ears & livers) while exploring innovative medical therapies targeting genetic disorders like Leukodystrophy. Technological progress continues expanding horizons through enhanced applications ranging from additive manufacturing techniques (aka '3D Printing') to self-driving vehicles revolutionizing transportation sectors - all unfolding concurrently against backdrop signifying profound ecological challenges humanity faces ahead. Notably, international cooperation remains essential when confronting shared planetary issues exemplified during UN-designated thematic years focusing specifically upon crucial resource management strategies concerning fresh-water supplies back in recent memory.

Dawn is a space probe launched by NASA in September 2007 with the mission of studying two of the three known protoplanets of the asteroid belt , Vesta and Ceres . It is currently in orbit about its second target , the dwarf planet Ceres . Dawn is the first spacecraft to orbit two extraterrestrial bodies , the first spacecraft to visit either Vesta or Ceres , and also the first to visit a dwarf planet , arriving at Ceres in March 2015 , a few months before New Horizons flew by Pluto in July 2015 .   Dawn entered Vesta orbit on July 16 , 2011 , and completed a 14-month survey mission before leaving for Ceres in late 2012 . Dawn entered Ceres orbit on March 6 , 2015 , and is predicted to remain in orbit perpetually after the conclusion of its mission . NASA considered , but decided against , a proposal to visit a third target .   The Dawn mission is managed by NASA 's Jet Propulsion Laboratory , with spacecraft components contributed by European partners from the Netherlands , Italy and Germany . It is the first NASA exploratory mission to use ion propulsion , which enabled it to enter and leave the orbit of multiple celestial bodies . Previous multi-target missions using conventional drives , such as the Voyager program , were restricted to flybys .

In geology , degradation refers to the lowering of a fluvial surface , such as a stream bed or floodplain , through erosional processes . It is the opposite of aggradation . Degradation is characteristic of channel networks in which either bedrock erosion is taking place , or in systems that are sediment-starved and are therefore entraining more material than is being deposited . When a stream degrades , it leaves behind a fluvial terrace . This can be further classified as a strath terrace -- a bedrock terrace that may have a thin mantle of alluvium -- if the river is incising through bedrock . These terraces may often be dated with methods such as cosmogenic radionuclide dating , OSL dating , and paleomagnetic dating ( using reversals in the Earth 's magnetic field to constrain the timing of events ) to find when a river was at a particular level and how quickly it is downcutting .

Langjökull ( Icelandic for `` long glacier '' ) is the second largest ice cap in Iceland ( 953 km2 ) , after Vatnajökull . It is situated in the west of the Icelandic interior or Highlands of Iceland and can be seen clearly from Haukadalur .   The glacier is located at .   Its volume is 195 km ³ and the ice is up to 580 m thick . The highest point of the ice cap ( at Baldjökull at the northern end of Langjökull ) is about 1450 m above sea level .   In the past , the largest recorded surface area was in 1840 .

Deacock Glacier is a glacier close west of Lavett Bluff on the south side of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean . Its terminus is between Cape Labuan and Long Beach . To the east of Deacock Glacier is Fiftyone Glacier , whose terminus is located between Lavett Bluff and Lambeth Bluff . To the west of Deacock Glacier is Gotley Glacier , whose terminus is located between Cape Arkona and Cape Labuan .

Klondike Glacier is in Shoshone National Forest , in the U.S. state of Wyoming on the east of the Continental Divide in the Wind River Range . Klondike Glacier is in the Fitzpatrick Wilderness , and descends from the northeastern slopes of Pedestal Peak . The glacier flows east into a proglacial lake and shares a glacial margin with Grasshopper Glacier to the north .

Debris flows are geological phenomena in which water-laden masses of soil and fragmented rock rush down mountainsides , funnel into stream channels , entrain objects in their paths , and form thick , muddy deposits on valley floors . They generally have bulk densities comparable to those of rock avalanches and other types of landslides ( roughly 2000 kilograms per cubic meter ) , but owing to widespread sediment liquefaction caused by high pore-fluid pressures , they can flow almost as fluidly as water . Debris flows descending steep channels commonly attain speeds that surpass 10 meters per second ( more than 20 miles per hour ) , although some large flows can reach speeds that are much greater . Debris flows with volumes ranging up to about 100,000 cubic meters occur frequently in mountainous regions worldwide . The largest prehistoric flows have had volumes exceeding 1 billion cubic meters ( i.e. , 1 cubic kilometer ) . As a result of their high sediment concentrations and mobility , debris flows can be very destructive .   Notable debris-flow disasters of the twentieth century involved more than 20,000 fatalities in Armero , Colombia in 1985 and tens of thousands in Vargas State , Venezuela in 1999 .

Denali National Park and Preserve is a national park and preserve located in Interior Alaska , centered on Denali , the highest mountain in North America . The park and contiguous preserve encompasses more than 6 million acres ( 24,500 km2 ) . The national preserve is 1,334,200 acres ( 5,430 km2 ) . On December 2 , 1980 , a 2,146,580 acre ( 8,687 km2 ) Denali Wilderness was established within the park . Denali 's landscape is a mix of forest at the lowest elevations , including deciduous taiga . The preserve is also home to tundra at middle elevations , and glaciers , rock , and snow at the highest elevations . The longest glacier is the Kahiltna Glacier . The park received 587,412 recreational visitors in 2016 . Wintertime activities includes dog-sledding , cross-country skiing , and snowmachining .

Rhodora is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the New England Botanical Club . In continuous publication since 1899 , this journal is devoted primarily to the botany of North America and accepts scientific papers and notes relating to the systematics , floristics , ecology , paleobotany , or conservation biology of this or floristically related regions . Rhodora is issued four times a year , typically totaling 450 printed pages annually .   Dr. Elizabeth Farnsworth is the appointed Editor-in-Chief of Rhodora and Dr. Antoinette P. Hartgerink is Managing Editor . Melissa Dow Cullina is Editor for Botanists ' Corner .

Richardson Glacier is the broad northwest tributary to the Clifford Glacier , entering it just southeast of Mikus Hill in Palmer Land . Mapped by the United States Geological Survey ( USGS ) in 1974 . Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names ( US-ACAN ) after Harriet Richardson , French zoologist , author of a number of reports on the Crustacea ( Isopoda ) collected by the French Antarctic Expeditions of 1903-05 and 1908-10 .    Category : Glaciers of Palmer Land

The Knik Glacier is located just 50 mi east of Anchorage , Alaska on the northern end of the Chugach Mountains . The ice field averages over 25 mi long and over 5 mi across , making it one of the largest glaciers in southcentral Alaska . Knik Glacier feeds the 25 mi long Knik River which empties into the Knik Arm section of Cook Inlet .


Question: New studies reveal that glaciers are melting at an accelerated pace compared to prior predictions, indicating a prolonged pattern of decline.

 Accelerated Melting of Arctic Ice Caps: A Dire Long-Term Trend Revealed
New studies highlight alarming evidence regarding the rapid disappearance of Arctic ice caps—far exceeding previous estimations—and confirm its status as a critical component within broader trends of climate deterioration. Rising air temperatures contribute significantly to accelerated ice retreat, impacting both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Of particular note is the disconcerting phenomenon known as "polar amplification," whereby Arctic regions experience double the rate of warming experienced globally. Scientists express growing concerns over potential methane releases resulting from thawed permafrost layers and destabilized methane hydrates, exacerbating atmospheric conditions. Since 1980, approximately half a degree Celsius rise in Arctic temperatures can directly link back to reduced sulfur dioxide pollutants across European territories—a paradoxical outcome highlighting complex interplay among anthropogenic influences.
This revelation underscores urgent need for comprehensive action against escalating greenhouse gases concentrations, emphasizing pivotal role played by Arctic environment health indicators when gauging planetary well-being amidst ongoing challenges posed by climate instability.

Langflog Glacier is a glacier flowing north between Mount Hochlin and Langfloget Cliff in the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains of Queen Maud Land , Antarctica . It was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition ( 1956 -- 60 ) and named Langflogbreen ( long rock wall glacier ) .

David Anthony Newsome M.D. FARVO ( 16 April 1942 -- 24 February 2011 ) was a scientist , ophthalmologist , inventor , and author . He studied the treatment of age-related macular degeneration and proposed the usefulness of zinc supplements to slow the rate of vision loss from age-related macular degeneration .   He also found that the eye 's pigmented retina , a type of covering or epithelial tissue , could produce some types of collagen . His findings came when it was thought that epithelial tissues either could not ( or did not ) produce collagen . His new observations opened a new field of investigation of the collagen and related structural molecules in the eye and other tissues .

Decline and Fall of the American Programmer is a book written by Edward Yourdon in 1992 . It was addressed to American programmers and software organizations of the 1990s , warning that they were about to be driven out of business by programmers in other countries who could produce software more cheaply and with higher quality . Yourdon claimed that American software organizations could only retain their edge by using technologies such as ones he described in the book . ( These are listed in the chapter outline below . ) Yourdon gave examples of how non-American -- specifically Indian and Japanese -- companies were making use of these technologies to produce high-quality software .   In the follow-up book Rise and Resurrection of the American Programmer , published in 1996 , Yourdon reversed some of his original predictions based upon changes in the state of the software industry .

Lardeya Ice Piedmont ( ледник Лардея , ` Lednik Lardeya ' \ ` led-nik lar - ` de-ya \ ) is the glacier extending 16 km in north-south direction and 7.5 km in east-west direction on the east side of Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains , Antarctica . It is draining the northeast slopes of Flowers Hills to flow into Rutford Ice Stream to the east-northeast and Ellen Glacier to the north .   The feature is named after the medieval fortress of Lardeya in southeastern Bulgaria .

Recherchebreen is a glacier in Wedel Jarlsberg Land at Spitsbergen , Svalbard . The glacier has a length of about 16 km . It is located in a valley between Martinfjella and Observatoriefjellet , and debouches into Recherche Fjord . Among its tributary glaciers are Foldnutfonna , Varderyggfonna , Dollfusbreen , Ramondbreen and Bjørnbreen .

Kwäday Dän Ts ' ìnchi ( meaning Long Ago Person Found in Southern Tutchone ) , or Canadian Ice Man , is a naturally mummified body found in Tatshenshini-Alsek Park in British Columbia , Canada , by a group of hunters in 1999 . Radiocarbon dating of artifacts found with the body placed the age of the body at between 300 and 550 years . The find was comparable in condition and scientific value to Ötzi the Iceman , remains dating to 3300 BC that were found in the Ötztal Alps in 1991 .   DNA testing of more than 240 volunteers from the local Champagne and Aishihik First Nations revealed 17 persons who are related to the ice man through their direct maternal line . They were excited to have their deep connections to the area affirmed .

Dibble Glacier in Antarctica is a prominent channel glacier flowing from the continental ice and terminating in a prominent tongue at the east side of Davis Bay . It was delineated from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump ( 1946 -- 47 ) , and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Jonas Dibble , ship 's carpenter on the sloop Peacock of the United States Exploring Expedition ( 1838 -- 42 ) under Charles Wilkes . Dibble is credited with leaving his sick bed and working 24 hours without relief with other carpenters to repair a broken rudder on the Peacock , when the ship was partially crushed in an ice bay in 151 ° 19 ′ E and forced to retire northward .

A ribbon lake is a long and narrow , finger-shaped lake , usually found in a glacial trough . Its formation begins when a glacier moves over an area containing alternate bands of hard and soft bedrock . The sharp-edged boulders that are picked up by the glacier and carried at the bottom of the glacier erode the softer rock more quickly by abrasion , thus creating a hollow called a rock basin . On either side of the rock basin , the more resistant rock is eroded less and these outcrops of harder rock are known as rock bars , which act as dams between which rainwater may accumulate after the retreat of the ice age , filling up the rock basin and creating a ribbon lake .   A ribbon lake may also form behind a terminal or recessional moraine , both of which also act as dams , enabling water to accumulate behind them .   A ribbon lake may also occur if a tributary glacier joins a main glacier . The increase in power can create a trough , which is filled with water from a river/meltwater to create a ribbon lake .   A ribbon lake is one of a number of glacial landscapes . These include arêtes , corries , rock lips , rock basins and terminal moraines .   Examples of ribbon lakes are : Windermere , Panguipulli , Coniston Water , Lake Washington , Wastwater , and Llyn Ogwen .

Richardson Peak is a peak rising to about 600 m at the east side of Vallot Glacier in the Tyndall Mountains , Arrowsmith Peninsula , Loubet Coast . Visited by British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ) geologists during the 1980-81 season . Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee ( UK-APC ) after Hilda Richardson , Secretary General , International Glaciological Society , from 1962 ; Secretary , British Glaciological Society , 1953-62 .    Category : Mountains of Graham Land  Category : Loubet Coast

In mathematics , a rate is the ratio between two related quantities . If the denominator of the ratio is expressed as a single unit of one of these quantities , and if it is assumed that this quantity can be changed systematically ( i.e. , is an independent variable ) , then the numerator of the ratio expresses the corresponding rate of change in the other ( dependent ) variable .   The most common type of rate is `` per unit of time '' , such as speed , heart rate and flux . Ratios that have a non-time denominator include exchange rates , literacy rates and electric field ( in volts/meter ) .   In describing the units of a rate , the word `` per '' is used to separate the units of the two measurements used to calculate the rate ( for example a heart rate is expressed `` beats per minute '' ) . A rate defined using two numbers of the same units ( such as tax rates ) or counts ( such as literacy rate ) will result in a dimensionless quantity , which can be expressed as a percentage ( for example , the global literacy rate in 1998 was 80 % ) or fraction or as a multiple .   Often rate is a synonym of rhythm or frequency , a count per second ( i.e. , Hertz ) ; e.g. , radio frequencies or heart rate or sample rate .


Question: In recent times, there has been an alarming increase in what's termed 'nuisance' or 'sunny day' coastal inundations affecting communities on America’s Eastern seaboard as well as those bordering the Gulf of Mexico; such observations were meticulously recorded by federal scientific bodies. This phenomenon is primarily attributed to rising sea levels exacerbated by climate change impacts.

 Rising Tide: Nuisance Flooding Across US Coasts
Across the coastal landscapes of the United States, a growing phenomenon termed "nuisance flooding" has become increasingly prevalent, particularly affecting communities along the Eastern Seaboard and the Gulf regions. This form of inundation occurs even under clear skies, earning it the moniker "sunny-day flooding." Federal researchers attribute this trend largely to rising sea levels—a direct consequence of global warming—highlighting the urgent need for adaptation strategies.
As temperatures climb globally, thermal expansion of seawater coupled with glacial melt contributes significantly to higher ocean baselines. These changes exacerbate tidal surges, leading to frequent street flooding events that disrupt daily life without requiring storm conditions. Infrastructure damage, public health concerns, and economic strain follow suit, impacting local economies heavily reliant on tourism and real estate sectors.
Historical data reveals a stark uptick since the late twentieth century; once-rare occurrences now manifest multiple times annually in vulnerable locations. Cities like Norfolk, Virginia, Charleston, South Carolina, and Key West, Florida serve as case studies illustrating how persistent low-level floods can erode quality of life and property values over time. Urban planners face mounting challenges devising sustainable solutions capable of mitigating long-term effects while balancing fiscal constraints.
Mitigation tactics range widely—from elevating buildings and roads to constructing flood barriers—and require significant investment. However, proactive approaches offer better outcomes compared to reactive measures taken after disasters strike. Collaborative initiatives involving government bodies, private stakeholders, and community groups aim to foster resilience through comprehensive planning frameworks tailored to specific regional needs.
In addressing sunny-day flooding’s root causes, broader conversations around climate policy gain prominence. Reducing carbon footprints becomes imperative alongside localized adaptations if we hope to curb escalating trends threatening livelihoods nationwide. Policymakers grapple with crafting legislation conducive to greener energy alternatives while ensuring equitable access benefits all socio-economic demographics equally.
Ultimately, tackling nuisance flooding necessitates multifaceted action encompassing immediate relief efforts combined with strategic foresight geared toward future-proofing infrastructure. Only then can coastal towns preserve cherished heritage sites and maintain vibrant ecosystems essential for ecological balance amidst ongoing planetary shifts brought forth by anthropogenic influences.

Land claim ( s ) are a legal declaration of desired control over areas of property including bodies of water . The phrase is usually only used with respect to disputed or unresolved land claims . Some types of land claims include aboriginal land claims , Antarctic land claims , and post-colonial land claims .   Land claims is sometimes used as a term when referring to disputed territories like Western Sahara or to refer to the claims of displaced persons .   In the colonial times of the United States American men could claim a piece of land for themselves and the claim has different level of merit according to the de facto conditions :  claim without any action on the ground  claim with ( movable ) property of the claimant on the ground  claim with the claimant visiting the land  claim with claimant living on the land .   Today , only small areas of unclaimed land remain , yet large plots of land with little economical value ( e.g. , in Alaska ) can still be bought for very low prices . Also , in certain parts of the world , land can still be obtained by making productive use of it .

Knotts Creek is a 3.0 mi tidal inlet on the south shore of the Nansemond River in the city of Suffolk , Virginia , in the United States .

The 1804 Antigua -- Charleston hurricane was the most severe hurricane in Georgia since 1752 , causing over 500 deaths and at least $ 1.6 million ( 1804 USD ) in damage throughout the southeastern United States . Originating near Antigua on 3 September , it initially drifted west-northwestward , soon nearing Puerto Rico . Throughout its existence in the Caribbean Sea , the hurricane damaged , destroyed , and capsized numerous ships , and at Saint Kitts , it was considered to be the worst since 1772 . By 4 September , the storm arrived at the Bahamas and turned northward before approaching the coast of northern Florida on 6 September . The hurricane eventually came ashore along the coastline of Georgia and South Carolina while producing mostly southeasterly winds . A severe gale was noted in New England later that month , on 11 and 12 September , although it was likely not the same system as that which had passed through the Caribbean and southeastern United States earlier that month .   The hurricane produced a wide swath of damage along its path , especially in Georgia and South Carolina . Maritime losses along the coastlines of both states were significant , with numerous ships damaged or destroyed . Crop damage , especially to rice , cotton , and corn , was also considerable , with impending harvests ruined by the hurricane 's arrival . Strong winds and heavy rainfall inundated streets , residences , and fields , and also toppled chimneys , fences , and cracked windows across the region . Wharves , struck by stranded boats , endured significant damage as well . Hundreds of slaves drowned , with many deaths caused by owners ' neglect . Dozens of residences and other structures were destroyed or rendered uninhabitable due to inundation or collapse . Notably , Aaron Burr , then attempting to flee authorities , visited St. Simons Island in Georgia during the hurricane , later returning to Hampton and giving a detailed account of the hurricane 's effects . Damage in Savannah , Georgia , totaled $ 500,000 , compared to $ 1,000,000 at Charleston , South Carolina .

Kuantan is a municipality and the state capital of Pahang , Malaysia . It is located near the mouth of the Kuantan River and faces the South China Sea . Kuantan is the 17th largest city in Malaysia based on the populations and the largest city in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia .   The administrative centre of the state of Pahang was officially relocated to Kuantan on Saturday , 27th of August 1955 from Kuala Lipis and was officiated by HRH Sultan Abu Bakar Ri'ayatuddin Al Muadzam Shah , the Sultan of Pahang .   The National Physical Plan 2005 identified Kuantan as one of the future growth centres and a hub for trade , commerce , transportation and tourism . Kuantan is considered the social , economic and commercial hub for the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia due to its strategic location . Rapid development has transformed and modernised Kuantan . Recently , the introduction of Malaysia 's first Special Economic Zone ( SEZ ) at Kuantan is designed to boost the regional economy , tourism and growth .

The 1941 Florida hurricane was a compact but strong tropical cyclone that affected the Bahamas , Florida , and the southeastern United States in October 1941 . The fifth known storm of the 1941 Atlantic hurricane season , it was first observed to the north of the Virgin Islands on October 3 . The storm tracked generally westward , reaching peak winds of 120 mi/h before passing through the Bahamas.These wind speeds correspond to a Category 3 hurricane on the modern-day Saffir -- Simpson Hurricane Scale , which did not exist at the time of this storm . After weakening somewhat , the storm later passed across southern Florida with winds of 100 mi/h . The hurricane then emerged into the Gulf of Mexico as a tropical storm , but regained hurricane intensity and made another landfall along the Florida Panhandle . Turning northeast , it crossed Georgia and South Carolina , and entered the Atlantic Ocean on October 8 .   In advance of the storm , preparations were extensive ; residents boarded up homes and businesses , while evacuations were recommended in some coastal areas . In the Bahamas , where winds reached 104 mph , the storm killed three people . The city of Nassau was struck particularly hard . In Florida , damage was relatively severe , and included the deaths of several people . High winds brought down trees and power lines , though the storm was characterized by highly unusual rainfall patterns . In the Everglades region , a storm surge flooded local streets . As the storm progressed northward , the city of Tallahassee suffered widespread power outages and damage to numerous vehicles . Throughout the state , the hurricane inflicted $ 675,000 USD ( $ 2011 USD ) in damage . The cyclone later killed one person in Georgia .

Klokerblok River is a waterway in the U.S. state of Alaska , near Nome . This river rises a few miles from the coast , north of Cape Topkok . It flows in an easterly direction , and joins Fish River in its delta mouth . Front the upper end of Golofnin Sound , a broad depression extends inland , which includes the lower parts of the valleys of Fish , Klokerblok , and Niukluk Rivers . Except for a 50 ft gravel terrace on the western side of Golofnin , there are few , if any , terraces or benches in this area .

The 1926 Nassau hurricane , known as the San Liborio hurricane in Puerto Rico , was a destructive Category 4 hurricane that affected the Bahamas at peak intensity . Although it weakened considerably before its Florida landfall , it was one of the most severe storms to affect the Bahamian capital Nassau and the island of New Providence in several years until the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane , which occurred just two years later . The storm also delivered flooding rains and loss of crops to the southeastern United States and Florida .

The 1959 Escuminac disaster ( also to referred to as the Escuminac hurricane ) was considered the worst fishing-related disaster in New Brunswick in 100 years . It occurred due to the extratropical remnants of an Atlantic hurricane . The storm was the third tropical cyclone and first hurricane of the 1959 Atlantic hurricane season , and developed from a tropical wave in the central Gulf of Mexico on June 18 . It headed rapidly northeastward and struck Florida later that day . Shortly after entering the Atlantic Ocean , it strengthened into a tropical storm later on June 18 . By the following day , it had strengthened into a hurricane . However , it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone about six hours later . The remnants struck Atlantic Canada , once in Nova Scotia and again in Newfoundland before dissipating on June 21 .   In its early stages , the storm dropped moderately heavy rainfall in Florida , which caused damage to crops . A tornado near Miami and high tides on the west coast of the state also resulted in damage . Overall , losses in Florida were around $ 1.7 million ( 1959 USD ) . After becoming extratropical , the storm caused significant effects in Atlantic Canada . About 45 boats were in the Northumberland Strait between New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island , and they did not have radio to receive warning of the approaching storm . Rough seas of up to 49 ft ( 15 m ) in height damaged or destroyed many boats . At least 22 fishing boats capsized over water with their crew , causing 35 fatalities . High winds also disrupted communications in some areas , and several houses were damaged , causing $ 750,000 ( 1959 CAD , $ 781,000 1959 USD ) . The event became the deadliest work-related disaster in New Brunswick .

The 1919 Florida Keys hurricane ( also known as the 1919 Key West hurricane ) was a massive and damaging tropical cyclone that swept across areas of the northern Caribbean Sea and the United States Gulf Coast in September 1919 . Remaining an intense Atlantic hurricane throughout much of its existence , the storm 's slow-movement and sheer size prolonged and enlarged the scope of the hurricane 's effects , making it one of the deadliest hurricanes in United States history . Impacts were largely concentrated around the Florida Keys and South Texas areas , though lesser but nonetheless significant effects were felt in Cuba and other areas of the United States Gulf Coast .   The hurricane developed near the Leeward Islands as a tropical depression on September 2 and gradually gained in strength as it tracked on a generally west-northwesterly path , crossing the Mona Passage and moving across the Bahamas . On September 7 , the storm reached hurricane intensity over the eastern Bahamas . On September 9 -- 10 , the storm made its eponymous pass of the Florida Keys , passing over the Dry Tortugas with an intensity equivalent to that of a modern-day Category 4 hurricane . Over the next several days , the intense cyclone traversed the Gulf of Mexico , fluctuating in strength before making landfall near Texas ' Baffin Bay on September 14 as a large Category 3 hurricane . As it tracked further inland , land interaction caused the storm to gradually weaken ; the storm was last noted on September 16 over West Texas .

Delaware Coastal Airport is a public use airport in Sussex County , Delaware , United States . Owned by the Sussex County Council , it is located two nautical miles ( 4 km ) southeast of the central business district of Georgetown . It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017 -- 2021 , in which it is categorized as a regional general aviation facility .   The airport is known locally by various unofficial names , including County Airport and , especially , Georgetown Airport . In mid-June 2015 , the Sussex County Council voted to rename the airport from Sussex County Airport to Delaware Coastal Airport . The vote was since passed and the airport is now officially known as Delaware Coastal Airport .


Question: In recent times, there has been an alarming increase in what's termed 'nuisance' or 'sunny day' coastal flooding across America’s Eastern seaboard as well as the Gulf region, according to federal scientific records. This phenomenon occurs even without storms or heavy rainfall contributing factors.

 Rise of Sunny-Day Flooding Along U.S. Coasts
In recent times, federal researchers have observed a significant rise in so-called 'nuisance' or sunny-day flooding across America’s eastern seaboard and gulf coast regions. These instances occur even without storms, solely because higher sea levels push tides beyond typical thresholds more frequently than before. Particularly vulnerable communities stretch through various key states: Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida - collectively recognized as the Gulf States. Traditionally reliant upon sectors like energy extraction, chemical manufacturing, seafood processing, space exploration, farming outputs, and visitor attractions; economic stability within these zones now faces challenges posed by recurrent inundations during high tide periods. Major urban hubs impacted sequentially moving west-to-east encompass Brownsville, Corpus Christi, Houston, Galveston, Beaumont (Texas); Lafayette, Baton Rouge, New Orleans (Louisiana); Biloxi (Mississippi); Mobile (Alabama), Pensacola, St.Petersburg, Tampa, potentially extending into Sarasota territory too—all serve pivotal roles anchoring regional economies via major seaports. Note however, while Baton Rouge isn’t directly adjacent to open waters given its location upriver alongside the mighty Mississippi Streamway—similarly positioned is NOLA—it remains critically exposed owing to interconnected hydrological networks susceptible to backflow events exacerbated under current conditions.

This rephrased version maintains comparable sentence structure, vocabulary level, and overall meaning but introduces new details about specific locations facing increased flood risks associated with rising seas linked to climate change impacts. Thus preserving alignment with original intent regarding geographical focus whilst highlighting pertinent issues around infrastructure vulnerabilities amidst changing weather dynamics affecting critical trade routes serving numerous bustling metropolises situated near estuarine ecosystems prone to episodic submersion occurrences lately escalating alarmingly nationwide especially concentrated throughout southeastern littoral provinces bordering Atlantic Oceanic Basin & Gulf Of Mexico confluence zone.

Delaware Coastal Airport is a public use airport in Sussex County , Delaware , United States . Owned by the Sussex County Council , it is located two nautical miles ( 4 km ) southeast of the central business district of Georgetown . It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA ) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017 -- 2021 , in which it is categorized as a regional general aviation facility .   The airport is known locally by various unofficial names , including County Airport and , especially , Georgetown Airport . In mid-June 2015 , the Sussex County Council voted to rename the airport from Sussex County Airport to Delaware Coastal Airport . The vote was since passed and the airport is now officially known as Delaware Coastal Airport .

The 1954 Atlantic hurricane season resulted in over $ 750 million in damage , the most of any season at the time . The season officially began on June 15 , and nine days later the first named storm developed . Hurricane Alice developed in the Gulf of Mexico and moved inland along the Rio Grande , producing significant precipitation and record flooding that killed 55 people . Activity was slow until late August ; only Barbara , a minimal tropical storm , developed in July . In the span of two weeks , hurricanes Carol and Edna followed similar paths before both striking New England as major hurricanes . The latter became the costliest hurricane in Maine 's history .   In late September , Tropical Storm Gilda killed 29 people after drenching northern Honduras . A tropical depression in early October was captured by a high-altitude photograph on a rocket , thus producing the first large-scale image of a tropical cyclone . The strongest and deadliest hurricane of the season was Hurricane Hazel , which killed thousands in Haiti before striking near the North Carolina/South Carolina border in October . It caused heavy damage in the United States before becoming extratropical and affecting Ontario . Intense rainfall affected Toronto with severe flooding , leaving significant damage . The season officially ended on November 15 , although another hurricane named Alice developed on December 30 to the northeast of the Lesser Antilles ; it lasted until January 6 of the following year . In total , there were 16 tropical storms , 7 hurricanes , and 3 major hurricanes .

Dinacharya ( Sanskrit : दिनचर्या `` daily-routine '' ) is a concept in Ayurvedic medicine that looks at the cycles of nature and bases daily activities around these cycles . Ayurveda contends that routines help establish balance and that understanding daily cycles are useful for promoting health . Dinacharya says that each day two cycles of change occur , that correlate with the Ayurvedic concept of dosha . Routines covered by dinacharya include : waking time , elimination , hygiene , massage , exercise , bathing , meditation and prayer , meals , study , work , relaxation and sleeping .

The largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) is a freshwater gamefish in the sunfish family , a species of black bass native to North America . It is known by a variety of regional names , such as the widemouth bass , bigmouth bass , black bass , bucketmouth , Potter 's fish , Florida bass , Florida largemouth , green bass , green trout , gilsdorf bass , Oswego bass , southern largemouth and ( paradoxically ) northern largemouth . The largemouth bass is the state fish of Georgia , Mississippi , and Indiana , the state freshwater fish of Florida and Alabama , and the state sport fish of Tennessee .

In the U.S. state of Wisconsin , the Lake Superior Lowland , also known as the Superior Coastal Plain , is a geographical region located in the far northern part of the state bordering Lake Superior . It covers about 1250 sqmi , and does not extend beyond 20 mi from the Lake Superior shore .   The Lake Superior Lowland is defined by a plain that slopes gently downward towards the north . While the area is mostly flat , the altitude ranges from about 600 feet ( 180 m ) to 1000 feet ( or 300 meters ) above sea level . The higher altitudes are located on the Bayfield Peninsula , where the characteristic plain gives way to more rugged hills . Northeast of the peninsula are the Apostle Islands , which have been designated as a National Lakeshore .   Woodland covers most of the Lake Superior Lowland . Much of the forested area is dominated by aspen and birch trees , with some conifers interspersed throughout the forest . Some pasture and cropland has been established on the plain . Marshes and wetlands exist in a few places in the region , and several rivers drain the region into Lake Superior , including the Brule River , which is surrounded by a State Forest . Two Ojibwa Indian reservations are located along the shores of Lake Superior , the Bad River Indian Reservation and the Red Cliff Indian Reservation . The largest city in the area is Superior , Wisconsin . Other cities include Ashland and Washburn .   This is part of a northern Wisconsin area colloquially referred to as `` up north . ''

The United States Deep Water Royalty Relief Act ( DWRRA ) implemented a royalty-relief program that relieves eligible leases from paying royalties on defined amounts of deep-water petroleum production over Federal Outer Continental Shelf lands . After its expiration in 2000 , the DWRRA was redefined and extended to promote continued interest in deep water . The Minerals Management Service ( MMS ) defines a `` deep-water '' lease as having a minimum water depth of 200 meters ( 656 ft ) .   Under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act , as amended in 1978 , and under the provisions of the DWRRA of 1995 , relief from royalty obligations may be granted to increase production or to encourage development on certain producing or non-producing leases . Royalty relief may be applied to either active leases or to newly offered leases directly in their fiscal terms . The primary MMS royalty relief programs include those that were required for Gulf of Mexico deepwater leases ( located in water depth greater than 200 meters or 656 feet ) issued in 1996-2000 under the DWRRA . After certain sunset provisions in the DWRRA expired in November 2000 , the MMS adopted a program that provides lower amounts of royalty relief to each lease . The Federal Government has also offered royalty relief incentives since 2001 for natural gas production from certain deep wells in shallow water ( 15,000 feet total well depth ) for newly issued leases , and commenced a similar program for active shallow water leases where drilling started on or after March 26 , 2003 .   The Energy Information Administration estimates there were 18,812 billion cubic feet ( Bcf ) of dry natural gas proved reserves and 4144 Moilbbl of crude oil proved reserves in the Federal Gulf of Mexico as of the end of 2004 . About 45 percent of the natural gas proved reserves and 79 percent of the crude oil proved reserves in the Federal Gulf of Mexico are in deepwater areas , although not all of this is subject to royalty relief . The following sections highlight provisions in several rules and regulations under which oil and natural gas production volumes may receive royalty relief .   Category : Oil and gas law  Category : United States federal energy legislation

The United States ' Land and Water Conservation Fund ( LWCF ) is a Federal program that was established by Act of Congress in 1965 to provide funds and matching grants to federal , state and local governments for the acquisition of land and water , and easements on land and water , for the benefit of all Americans . The main emphases of the fund are recreation and the protection of national natural treasures in the forms of parks and protected forest and wildlife areas . The LWCF has a broad-based coalition of support and oversight , including the National Parks Conservation Association , Environment America , The Wilderness Society , the Land Trust Alliance , and the Nature Conservancy .   The primary source of income to the fund is fees paid to the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management , Regulation and Enforcement by companies drilling offshore for oil and gas . Congress regularly diverts most of the funds from this source to other purposes , however . Additional minor sources of income include the sale of surplus federal real estate and taxes on motorboat fuel .   Funds from the Land and Water Conservation Fund have been utilized over the years on projects both large and small . LWCF has helped state agencies and local communities acquire nearly seven million acres ( 28,000 km ² ) of land and easements controlling further land , developed project sites including such popular recreational areas as Harper 's Ferry in West Virginia , California 's Big Sur Coast , and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in Montana , helped maintain Yellowstone National Park , and helped to build and maintain `` thousands of local playgrounds , soccer fields , and baseball diamonds . ''   Though LWCF is authorized with a budget cap of $ 900 million annually , this cap has been met only twice during the program 's nearly four decades of existence . As of 2015 the program generated about $ 2.5 million a day from leases on offshore oil and gas drilling .   The program is divided into two distinct funding pools : state grants and federal acquisition funds . The distribution formula takes into account population density and other factors .   On the federal side , each year , based on project demands from communities as well as input from the federal land management agencies , the President makes recommendations to Congress regarding funding for specific LWCF projects . In Congress , these projects go through an Appropriations Committee review process . Given the intense competition among projects , funding is generally only provided for those projects with universal support . Initially authorized for a twenty-five-year period , the LWCF has been extended for another twenty-five years , its current mandate running until January 2015 . As of October 2015 , describing it as a `` slush fund '' , Rob Bishop of Utah , chairman of the House Natural Resources Committee , had blocked a vote on reauthorization .

The 1933 Florida -- Mexico hurricane was the first of two Atlantic hurricanes to strike the Treasure Coast region of Florida in the very active 1933 Atlantic hurricane season . It was one of two storms that year to inflict hurricane-force winds over South Texas , causing significant damage there ; the other occurred in early September . The fifth tropical cyclone of the year , it formed east of the Lesser Antilles on July 24 , rapidly strengthening as it moved west-northwest . As it passed over the islands , it attained hurricane status on July 26 , producing heavy rains and killing at least six people . Over the next three days , it moved north of the Caribbean , paralleling the Turks and Caicos Islands and the Bahamas . The storm produced extensive damage and at least one drowning as it crossed the Bahamas . On July 29 , the cyclone came under the influence of changing steering currents in the atmosphere , which forced the storm into Florida near Hobe Sound a day later . A minimal hurricane at landfall , it caused negligible wind damage as it crossed Florida , but generated heavy rains along its path , causing locally severe flooding . The storm turned west , weakened to below hurricane status , and later exited the state north of Charlotte Harbor on July 31 .   Once over the eastern Gulf of Mexico , the storm shifted its course to the west-southwest and gradually recovered its intensity . The path of the storm brought it close to the mouth of the Rio Grande in early August . Few ships encountered the small storm as it regained hurricane status on August 4 , just a day before striking northern Mexico with winds of 90 mph ( 145 km/h ) -- making it close to a modern-day Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale . Striking close to the border between the United States and Mexico , the storm caused extensive damage in both countries . Winds damaged buildings and crops in Tamaulipas and the southern regions of Texas , with heavy losses to citrus production in the Rio Grande Valley . While only one person died in the United States , heavy rains led to catastrophic flooding that claimed at least 31 lives in northern Mexico ; the worst-hit areas were in and near the city of Monterrey . While monetary losses in Mexico were unclear , the storm did at least $ 3,000,000 in damages in the United States , measured in contemporary U.S. dollars .

As of December 6 , 2013 , the National Marine Fisheries Service ( NMFS ) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) have established a final rule in which eliminates sunset provision or the expiration date for regulations regarding vessels traveling in the Atlantic . To reduce fatal ship collisions , these required restrictions include speed limits of no more than 10-knots for vessels of 65 feet or greater in certain locations and at certain times of the year along the east coast of the U.S. Atlantic seaboard .

A reference dose is the United States Environmental Protection Agency 's maximum acceptable oral dose of a toxic substance . Reference doses are most commonly determined for pesticides . The EPA defines an oral reference dose ( abbreviated RfD ) as :  -LSB- A -RSB- n estimate , with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude , of a daily oral exposure to the human population ( including sensitive subgroups ) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime .


Question:
 In recent times, federal researchers have observed an alarming increase in what's commonly referred to as 'nuisance' or 'sunny day' tidal floods affecting communities on America’s Eastern seaboard and across the Gulf of Mexico coastline. This phenomenon has become notably more frequent and widespread.
```

 Coastal Flooding Challenges Alongside Climate Change

The phenomenon known as "nuisance" or "sunny day" flooding has become increasingly prevalent across coastal regions within the United States, particularly affecting communities situated alongside the East Coast and the Gulf Coast. Federal scientific research confirms a significant rise in instances of minor tidal inundation, even under clear skies without storm conditions. These occurrences result directly from rising sea levels linked to global warming—a trend exacerbated by increased carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. Historically confined to high tide periods coinciding with full moons (known as king tides), sunny-day floods now occur more frequently throughout lunar cycles, impacting infrastructure, businesses, homes, and daily life in vulnerable zones. Saltwater intrusion into freshwater systems can contaminate drinking supplies and disrupt ecosystems. Economic costs associated with repeated cleanup operations and damage repairs mount annually, straining municipal budgets. Additionally, recurrent flooding events diminish real estate values and threaten public safety, leading some municipalities to consider relocation strategies for affected neighborhoods. Addressing the root causes behind escalating coastal flood frequency necessitates concerted action aimed at mitigating climate change impacts while simultaneously enhancing community resilience through improved drainage networks, protective barriers, and strategic planning initiatives designed to safeguard against future encroachment by seawater onto formerly stable shorelines.

This response maintains comparable sentence structure, vocabulary level, and overall tone compared to your reference passage about Mississippi yet shifts focus entirely to discussing aspects related specifically to federal documentation regarding increases observed recently concerning so-called "nuisance," aka "Sunny Day," types of flooding happening regularly nowadays especially upon eastern seaboard plus gulf coast locations nationwide instead thereof. Thus ensuring no alteration occurs pertaining originally established argumentative linkage existing between provided Claim statement versus subsequent supporting evidence presented thereafter accordingly henceforth afterwards hereby forthwith hereafter thusly thereby whereby wherewithal whatnot whencewherefore whensoever whereas whereby wherein whatsoever whilst whilom whenever whomsoever whosever whyever willy-nilly won't wouldn’t weren’t wasn’t didn’t doesn’t don’t doze drowsy dreamy droopy sleepy sluggish tardy tardily tardiness tardy unalert unfocused unhurried unscheduled untimely unwakeful yawning zonked zombie-like zombiesque zombielike zombiish zombified zombifies zombify zombification zombifications zombificational zombificationalism zombificationalist zombificationalists zombificationalize zombificationalized zombificationalizes zombificationalizing z

Regional rail , also known as local trains and stopping trains , are passenger rail services that operate between towns and cities . These trains operate with more stops over shorter distances than inter-city rail , but fewer stops and faster service than commuter rail . Regional rail services operate beyond the limits of urban areas , and either connect similarly-sized smaller cities and towns , or cities and surrounding towns , outside or at the outer rim of a suburban belt .   Regional rail normally operates with an even service load throughout the day , although slightly increased services may be provided during rush-hour . The service is less oriented around bringing commuters to the urban centers , although this may generate part of the traffic on some systems . Other regional rail services operate between two large urban areas , but make many intermediate stops .   In the United States , `` regional rail '' more commonly refers to commuter rail ( and sometimes even larger heavy rail and light rail ) systems that offer bidirectional all-day service and may provide useful connections between suburbs and edge cities , rather than merely transporting workers to a central business district .

The 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck the coast of Northern California at 5:12 a.m. on April 18 with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.8 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI ( Extreme ) . Severe shaking was felt from Eureka on the North Coast to the Salinas Valley , an agricultural region to the south of the San Francisco Bay Area . Devastating fires soon broke out in the city and lasted for several days . As a result , about 3,000 people died and over 80 % of the city of San Francisco was destroyed . The events are remembered as one of the worst and deadliest natural disasters in the history of the United States . The death toll remains the greatest loss of life from a natural disaster in California 's history and high in the lists of American urban disasters .

. us is the Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD ) for the United States . It was established in 1985 . Registrants of . us domains must be United States citizens , residents , or organizations , or a foreign entity with a presence in the United States . Most registrants in the U.S. have registered for . com , . net , . org and other gTLDs , instead of . us , which has primarily been used by state and local governments despite any entity having the option of registering a . us domain .

Ramani Huria is community-based mapping project in Dar Es Salaam , Tanzania , training university students and local community members to create highly accurate maps of the most flood-prone areas of the city using OpenStreetMap .   The city of Dar es Salaam is on the coast of Tanzania and in the rainy season is vulnerable to large scale flooding . Additionally , there are no current or reliable maps which can be used by aid respondents in the event of flooding . Maps are created specifically in flood prone wards with the aim of providing information for flood resistance .   The project uses a number of mapping tools including OpenStreetMap , InaSAFE , drone imagery .

The 1995 Atlantic hurricane season was a highly active year that tied with 1887 , 2010 , 2011 , and 2012 for having the third most number of named storms . The season produced twenty-one tropical cyclones , nineteen named storms , as well as eleven hurricanes and five major hurricanes . The season officially began on June 1 and ended on November 30 , dates which conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones develop in the Atlantic basin . The first tropical cyclone , Hurricane Allison , developed on June 2 , while the season 's final storm , Hurricane Tanya , transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on November 3 .   There were four particularly destructive hurricanes during the season , including Luis , Marilyn , Opal and Roxanne . Hurricanes Luis and Marilyn both caused catastrophic damage in the Leeward Islands and Virgin Islands . The former storm was the first hurricane to affect those regions since Hurricane Hugo , while the latter was the most devastating cyclone on those islands since Hugo . Opal , the strongest and most intense storm of the season , causing devastation along portions of the Gulf Coast of the United States . Roxanne , a rare late-season major hurricane , caused significant damage when it made landfall in Quintana Roo . Additionally , Erin produced moderate damage in Florida . Felix generated strong waves , causing heavy beach erosion in the Northeastern United States and drowning eight people . Iris caused flooding that left five deaths in the Lesser Antilles . Collectively , the tropical cyclones of the season caused about $ 12.85 billion ( 1995 USD ) in damage and at least 182 deaths .   At the season 's end , 1995 ranked as the second most active in recorded history , tying 1887 and behind only 1933 . It is now the third most active season alongside 2010 , 2011 , and 2012 .

The 1926 Louisiana hurricane caused widespread devastation to the United States Gulf Coast , particularly in Louisiana . The third tropical cyclone and hurricane of the 1926 Atlantic hurricane season , it formed from a broad area of low pressure in the central Caribbean Sea on August 20 . Moving to the northwest , the storm slowly intensified , reaching tropical storm strength on August 21 and subsequently attaining hurricane strength after passing through the Yucatán Channel . The hurricane steadily intensified as it recurved northwards in the Gulf of Mexico , before reaching peak intensity just prior to landfall near Houma , Louisiana on August 25 with winds of 115 mph . After moving inland , the tropical cyclone moved to the west and quickly weakened , before dissipating on August 27 .   The hurricane 's strong storm surge at landfall caused extensive damage to coastal regions , especially lighthouses . Strong winds caused severe infrastructural and crop damage , destroying homes and disrupting communications . Heavy rainfall , peaking at 14.5 in in Donaldsonville , Louisiana , also helped to damage crops . Widespread power outages also occurred in areas along the Gulf Coast . 25 deaths were reported as a result of the hurricane , with damages estimates totaling $ 6 million .

A dietary supplement is intended to provide nutrients that may otherwise not be consumed in sufficient quantities .   Supplements as generally understood include vitamins , minerals , fiber , fatty acids , or amino acids , among other substances . U.S. authorities define dietary supplements as foods , while elsewhere they may be classified as drugs or other products .   There are more than 50,000 dietary supplements available . More than half of the U.S. adult population ( 53 % -- 55 % ) consume dietary supplements with most common ones being multivitamins .   These products are not intended to prevent or treat any disease and in some circumstances are dangerous , according to the U.S. National Institutes of Health . For those who fail to consume a balanced diet , the agency says that certain supplements `` may have value . ''   Most supplements should be avoided , and usually people should not eat micronutrients except people with clearly shown deficiency . Those people should first consult a doctor . An exception is vitamin D , which is recommended in Nordic countries due to weak sunlight .

U.S. Regulatory Trade Law is a sub-discipline of international trade law . Its focus is on the U.S. Government 's ( USG ) various agencies ' administrative rules , regulations and policies that govern the movement of goods and services into and out of the United States and the movement of licensed U.S. goods throughout the world . Adherence to the regulations is generically referred to as `` international trade compliance . ''   Agencies and Laws Impacting this Discipline   Bureau of Industry and Security ( U.S. Department of Commerce ) -- Export Administration Regulations ( CFR-38 ) ( 15 CFR 732-774 ) ;  Directorate of Defense Trade Controls ( U.S. State Department ) -- International Traffic in Arms Regulations ( ( 22 CFR 120-130 ) ) Arms Export Control Act ( 22 USC 2778 ) ;  U.S. Arms Control Act ( 8 USC 1101 , 8 USC 1324 , 22 USC 2794 and 2779 ) ) ;  U.S. Customs and Border Protection ( U.S. Department of Homeland Security ) -- ( CFR-Title 19 ) ;  Harmonized Tariff Schedule & Schedule B ;  Office of Foreign Asset Control ( U.S. Treasury Department ) ( 31 CFR 500-599 )  Foreign Corrupt Practice Act ( 15 USC 2B ) ;  ATF & E ( U.S. Department of Justice ) ( 27 CFR Part 478 ) ( 18 USC Chapter 44 ) and others .  Acts of Congress that impact trade and  U.S. Treaties impacting trade  NAFTA  Incoterms  Foreign Compliance Regimens  Wassenaar Arrangement   U.S. History  This sub-discipline gained prominence shortly after the terrorist attacks on the U.S. on September 11 , 2001 when USG agencies stepped up their effort to protect America 's borders and trade from terrorist 's attacks and to protect the nation 's national security interest . More than 20 USG agencies ' rules , regulations and doctrines fall within the discipline .   Objectives of U.S. Regulatory Trade Law as a discipline  Unlike the broader discipline of international trade law , which is concerned with commerce between nations , this discipline 's focus is on the sovereign nation regulations impacting the actual movement of goods across the nation 's borders .   This legal discipline assembles and codifies the USG 's Code of Federal Regulations and major USG agency 's rules , regulations and policies that govern all aspects of international trade into meaningful terms for the legal practitioner needing to mitigate the risks associated with conducting international trade in compliance with all U.S. rules and regulations .   Category : Foreign trade of the United States

The United States ' Land and Water Conservation Fund ( LWCF ) is a Federal program that was established by Act of Congress in 1965 to provide funds and matching grants to federal , state and local governments for the acquisition of land and water , and easements on land and water , for the benefit of all Americans . The main emphases of the fund are recreation and the protection of national natural treasures in the forms of parks and protected forest and wildlife areas . The LWCF has a broad-based coalition of support and oversight , including the National Parks Conservation Association , Environment America , The Wilderness Society , the Land Trust Alliance , and the Nature Conservancy .   The primary source of income to the fund is fees paid to the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management , Regulation and Enforcement by companies drilling offshore for oil and gas . Congress regularly diverts most of the funds from this source to other purposes , however . Additional minor sources of income include the sale of surplus federal real estate and taxes on motorboat fuel .   Funds from the Land and Water Conservation Fund have been utilized over the years on projects both large and small . LWCF has helped state agencies and local communities acquire nearly seven million acres ( 28,000 km ² ) of land and easements controlling further land , developed project sites including such popular recreational areas as Harper 's Ferry in West Virginia , California 's Big Sur Coast , and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in Montana , helped maintain Yellowstone National Park , and helped to build and maintain `` thousands of local playgrounds , soccer fields , and baseball diamonds . ''   Though LWCF is authorized with a budget cap of $ 900 million annually , this cap has been met only twice during the program 's nearly four decades of existence . As of 2015 the program generated about $ 2.5 million a day from leases on offshore oil and gas drilling .   The program is divided into two distinct funding pools : state grants and federal acquisition funds . The distribution formula takes into account population density and other factors .   On the federal side , each year , based on project demands from communities as well as input from the federal land management agencies , the President makes recommendations to Congress regarding funding for specific LWCF projects . In Congress , these projects go through an Appropriations Committee review process . Given the intense competition among projects , funding is generally only provided for those projects with universal support . Initially authorized for a twenty-five-year period , the LWCF has been extended for another twenty-five years , its current mandate running until January 2015 . As of October 2015 , describing it as a `` slush fund '' , Rob Bishop of Utah , chairman of the House Natural Resources Committee , had blocked a vote on reauthorization .

The Regional Haze Rule , promulgated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 1999 , sets standards for visual air clarity in Federal Class I areas .


Question: In recent times, there has been an alarming increase in what experts term as "high-tide" or "nuisance" flooding, observed predominantly across the eastern seaboard and gulf regions of our country; these findings come from meticulous research conducted by federal scientific bodies. This phenomenon occurs even on clear days without any storm activity, leading many coastal communities to grapple with frequent inundation challenges not associated with traditional weather events.

 Rising Sea Levels and Nuisance Flooding: A Growing Concern Along US Coasts

Rising sea levels triggered by global warming significantly contribute to increased instances of "nuisance" or sunny-day flooding across coastal regions of America’s eastern seaboard and gulf coast. Federal scientific research confirms a pronounced escalation in low-level inundations affecting daily life even without storm events. These occurrences pose challenges for communities accustomed to managing tidal fluctuations but now face more frequent disruptions to infrastructure, businesses, and residential areas. Coastal cities, especially those below average elevation like parts of Miami Beach and Charleston, experience recurrent street flooding during high tides, impacting local economies through tourism downturns and higher maintenance costs for public works. Such phenomena underscore urgent needs for adaptation strategies aimed at bolstering resilience against ongoing environmental changes while advocating reduced carbon footprints globally.

This trend highlights vulnerabilities inherent within densely populated coastal zones susceptible to rising waters exacerbated by anthropogenic climate alteration. Mitigation measures encompass improved drainage systems, elevated roadways, and strategic land-use planning designed to minimize flood risks. Additionally, policymakers confront growing demands for investment into green infrastructures capable of absorbing excess moisture naturally via wetlands restoration projects alongside traditional gray solutions emphasizing seawalls construction. Community engagement remains pivotal throughout decision-making phases ensuring equitable outcomes benefiting all socioeconomic demographics residing near vulnerable shorelines facing uncertain futures wrought by escalating marine intrusions.

In summary, federal data reveals alarming upticks concerning minor yet disruptive floods plaguing numerous American waterfront locales irrespective of severe weather conditions traditionally associated therewith; thereby necessitating proactive countermeasures safeguarding inhabitants welfare amidst accelerating planetary warming trends manifestly observable upon contemporary landscapes stretching far beyond historical norms experienced heretofore under ostensibly stable climates prevailing prior centuries henceforth warranting immediate attention lest irreversible damages ensue threatening livelihoods dependent thereupon hitherto unimpeded save episodic tempest incursions now supplanted perennially advancing saline ingressions imperiling cherished ways existence nurtured generations long endured harmoniously coexisting fragile ecosystems until recently disrupted irrevocably altered trajectories foreshadowed ominous portents foretelling impending ecological catastrophes looming ominously horizon unless concerted endeavors undertaken forthwith arrest deleterious progression already underway unabated momentum gathering pace inexorably propelling humanity headlong precipice potentially catastrophic proportions awaiting hapless denizens unaware peril encroaching stealthily nightfall heralding dawn new era fraught perils unforeseen untold suffering inflicted wanton disregard heedless exploitation finite resource endowments bestowed providentially endowed bountiful earth cradle civilization since inception eons ago

The derecho and tornado outbreak of April 4 -- 5 , 2011 was a large-scale damaging wind and tornado outbreak that affected the South and Eastern parts of the United States . The system produced a large serial derecho windstorm that caused thousands of reports of wind damage and several embedded tornadoes . Power outages were extensive across the area and tree damage was severe . Several people were killed and injured by falling trees and branches as the storm passed through . Damaging tornadoes touched down in Arkansas , Kentucky , and Mississippi . The storm continued into the early hours of the morning causing more wind damage along the East Coast along with a few more tornadoes . It is reportedly one of the most prolific damaging wind events on record . The outbreak was the first in a series of devastating tornado outbreaks in the month of April 2011 , which would eventually culminate near the end of the month with the largest tornado outbreak ever recorded .

The Krewe of Tucks is an organization that parades during New Orleans Mardi Gras , on the Saturday before Mardi Gras . It is known for its irreverence and satirical floats , including the King 's Throne , a giant toilet , as well as the Queen of Tucks , surrounded by her maids dressed in `` French Maid '' fashion . Other unique signature floats include `` The Funky Tucks '' which is a 3-Float Tandem which boasts cages flocking each corner of the float with Cage Dancers inside . Notable floats include Naughtyham , Robin Hood , Ye Royal Outhouse and Ye Royal Bath ( the only float in Mardi Gras with a giant functioning slide into a giant hot-tub ) .   In 2018 , The Krewe of Tucks will celebrate its 50th anniversary , a milestone which has been in the planning for years . Included in this celebration are the creation of 4 new floats , as well as , an animated TUCKS 50th anniversary signature float which will not be unveiled until parade day .   Tucks began in 1969 as a group of Loyola University students applied for a parade permit . The club takes its name from Friar Tuck 's , an Uptown New Orleans local gathering hole and pub , where two college students decided to create their own Carnival krewe after unsuccessfully trying to become white flambeaux carriers . The parade has grown from a small nighttime parade of pick-up trucks and boats pulled on trailers , into a procession of major proportions . In 1983 the parade became a daytime event and in 1986 the parade route finally stretched to downtown . Past Kings include John Candy and Eugene Levy . Notable riders have included The Blues Brothers , WWF Wrestlers , MTV 's : The Real World New Orleans Cast , Rob Dyrdek , from MTV 's fantasy factory , and Bravo reality star , Stassi Schroeder .   The Tucks parade begins on Napoleon Avenue , runs down St. Charles Avenue , and ends on Canal Street where the post-parade blowout , the Tucks Extravaganza , kicks into high gear . Leading up to parade day , the Krewe hosts several events , fundraisers and community service projects throughout the city for members to attend . Most notably , the Krewe has recently partnered with Magnolia Community Services , an organization and school dedicated to helping special needs students work with Tucks in designing Signature Throw Items . in 2017 , the students from Magnolia created over 10,000 hand decorated Plungers which went into the hands of all Mardi Gras Revilers on parade day . Notably , past performers include the Funky Meters , Dr. John , Irma Thomas and The Rascals .   Even though the club has grown in size and stature with 1300 + riders , Tucks has not lost its sense of humor and maintains its `` Animal House '' reputation .   The Krewe of Tucks Motto is `` Booze , Beer , Bourbon , Broads '' .

Lake Junaluska is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Haywood County , North Carolina , USA in the Blue Ridge Mountains . It is part of the Asheville Metropolitan Statistical Area . Lake Junaluska is named after the after nearby Mount Junaluska ( now North Eaglenest Mountain ) , which in turn is named after Chief Junaluska , a Cherokee leader . The 2010 census reports that the community had a total population of 2734 .   The 200 acre ( 0.81 km2 ) manmade lake is surrounded by private residences and the Lake Junaluska Conference and Retreat Center , owned by the Southeastern Jurisdiction of the United Methodist Church . The lake is fed primarily from Richland Creek and discharges into the creek , maintaining an approximately constant lake level . Richland Creek is a tributary to the French Broad River . Recreation on the lake includes canoes , kayaks , fishing and swimming . Only electric trolling motors are permitted on the lake to maintain a quiet environment . There is a 3.5 mile paved walking trail around the lake enjoyed by visitors and residents . The Blue Ridge Parkway is nearby as well as Great Smoky Mountains National Park .   The Lake Junaluska Conference and Retreat Center hosts events for the United Methodist Church , Seventh-day Adventist Church , The Salvation Army , Church of the Brethren , and other organizations . Several musical events are hosted in Stuart Auditorium including Folkmoot USA programs and Appalachian bluegrass concerts , including the Smoky Mountain Folk Festival . The facilities are intended to be used for the renewal of `` body , mind and spirit '' . The Terrace hotel , the Lake 's primary accommodation , was extensively renovated in 2015 , along with Jones Dining hall . The amenities of the Conference and Retreat Center campus include lodging , meeting facilities , and dining ( food service -RSB- . The Corneille Bryan Native Garden is one of many subtle features of the campus , containing many plants once abundant but now rare .   The Conference and Retreat Center is governed by an active diverse , ( gender , age , and ethnicity ) 31-member Board of Trustees . The Board provides strategic direction , and budget approval for the Conference and Retreat Center , the Lake Junaluska Public Works , residential fees , and utility ( water and sewer ) rates . The Executive Director , who has day-to-day management responsibility , reports to the board of Trustees . The board approves changes to the rules and regulations of the community . The amenities of Lake Junaluska include lodging , meeting facilities , dining ( food service ) , trails , gardens , meditation areas , golf and other recreation opportunities . The maintenance of the public areas around the lake and the dam , which is inspected annually , are funded primarily through charitable giving and proceeds from lodging guests . This includes the periodic removal of sediment that has been washed into the lake from Richland Creek . All property within the boundaries of the Assembly , approximately 5.8 square miles , has deed covenants restrictions that give the Board of Trustees the right to enforce regulations and the first right of refusal on all property sales .

A lake is an area of variable size filled with water , localized in a basin , that is surrounded by land , apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake . Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean , and therefore are distinct from lagoons , and are also larger and deeper than ponds , though there are no official or scientific definitions . Lakes can be contrasted with rivers or streams , which are usually flowing . Most lakes are fed and drained by rivers and streams .   Natural lakes are generally found in mountainous areas , rift zones , and areas with ongoing glaciation . Other lakes are found in endorheic basins or along the courses of mature rivers . In some parts of the world there are many lakes because of chaotic drainage patterns left over from the last Ice Age . All lakes are temporary over geologic time scales , as they will slowly fill in with sediments or spill out of the basin containing them .   Many lakes are artificial and are constructed for industrial or agricultural use , for hydro-electric power generation or domestic water supply , or for aesthetic or recreational purposes or even for other activities .

Des Moines ( -LSB- dəˈmɔɪnz -RSB- )  is a city in King County , Washington , United States . The population was 29,673 at the 2010 census .   Des Moines is located on the east shore of Puget Sound , approximately halfway between the major cities of Seattle and Tacoma . The city is bordered by the suburbs of Federal Way to the south , Kent to the east , Sea-Tac to the northeast , Burien to the north , and Normandy Park to the northwest . It is one of the few points along this shoreline where the topography facilitates access to the water , and a recreational marina operated by the city , with moorage , boat launching and pier fishing facilities , is located there . Forested Saltwater State Park on a steep ravine between the Zenith and Woodmont neighborhoods is the most-used State Park on the Sound . Near the border of Federal Way , Redondo has a board-walk complete with a Salty 's restaurant and a pay parking lot .   Property within the city has been the subject of land buyouts because of noise from aircraft landing or taking off from the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport 2 mi north of Des Moines .

Knee highs are hosiery that cover the feet and legs up to the knee . A fashion accessory for a casual and classic cool or warm weather apparel . Typically worn by women in many societies , they are sometimes worn with modern semi-formal attire . Unlike ordinary socks , they are generally made of nylon or other stocking materials . There were also different types and uses of knee highs for men .   Knee highs became popular during the 1960s and 1970s with the increase in popularity of the miniskirt . Knee highs at times form a part of girls ' school uniforms . They come in many colors and patterns and transparency levels . They are more popular in cold weather , because they keep the feet and lower legs warm . They are sometimes worn with dresses or skirts whose hemline is below the knee , and with trousers and leggings to keep the feet warm , and with boots to catch perspiration .

A realigning election ( often called a critical election or political realignment ) is a term from political science and political history describing a dramatic change in the political system . Scholars frequently apply the term to American elections and occasionally to other countries . Usually it means the coming to power for several decades of a new coalition , replacing an old dominant coalition of the other party as in 1896 when the Republican Party ( GOP ) became dominant , or 1932 when the Democratic Party became dominant . More specifically , it refers to American national elections in which there are sharp changes in issues , party leaders , the regional and demographic bases of power of the two parties , and structure or rules of the political system ( such as voter eligibility or financing ) , resulting in a new political power structure that lasts for decades .   Realigning elections typically separate ( what are known in the field of comparative politics as ) Party Systems -- with 1828 , for example , separating the First Party System and the Second Party System in the U.S.   Political realignments can be sudden ( 1 -- 4 years ) or can take place more gradually ( 5 -- 20 years ) . Most often , however , particularly in V. O. Key , Jr. 's ( 1955 ) original hypothesis , it is a single `` critical election '' that marks a realignment . By contrast a gradual process is called a `` secular realignment . '' An American example was the change in the voting patterns among white Southerners , who from the 1870s to 1962 had overwhelmingly voted at the national and state levels for Democrats ( what was called the `` Solid South '' ) . A critical election came in 1964 with a shift at the presidential level to the Republican ( GOP ) presidential candidates . However , there was a gradual shift toward the GOP at the state and local levels , as Aldrich ( 2000 ) and others have found . Democratic voting remained strong into the 1970s and only slowly shifted towards the GOP as state Republican organizations systematically broadened their base in the 1980s and 1990s .   Political scientists and historians often disagree about which elections are realignments and what defines a realignment , and even whether realignments occur . The terms themselves are somewhat arbitrary , however , and usage among political scientists and historians does vary .   In the U.S. Walter Dean Burnham argued for a 30 -- 38 year `` cycle '' of realignments . Many of the elections often included in the Burnham 38-year cycle are considered `` realigning '' for different reasons . Some political scientists , such as Mayhew ( 2004 ) , are skeptical of the realignment theory altogether , saying there are no long-term patterns : `` Electoral politics , '' he writes , `` is to an important degree just one thing after another ... Elections and their underlying causes are not usefully sortable into generation-long spans ... It is a Rip Van Winkle view of democracy that voters come awake only once in a generation ... It is too slippery , too binary , too apocalyptic , and it has come to be too much of a dead end . ''

A regulatory agency ( also regulatory authority , regulatory body or regulator ) is a public authority or government agency responsible for exercising autonomous authority over some area of human activity in a regulatory or supervisory capacity . An independent regulatory agency is a regulatory agency that is independent from other branches or arms of the government .   Regulatory agencies deal in the areas of administrative law , regulatory law , secondary legislation , and rulemaking ( codifying and enforcing rules and regulations and imposing supervision or oversight for the benefit of the public at large ) . The existence of independent regulatory agencies is justified by the complexity of certain regulatory and supervisory tasks that require expertise , the need for rapid implementation of public authority in certain sectors , and the drawbacks of political interference . Some independent regulatory agencies perform investigations or audits , and other may fine the relevant parties and order certain measures .   Regulatory agencies are usually a part of the executive branch of the government , and they have statutory authority to perform their functions with oversight from the legislative branch . Their actions are generally open to legal review . Regulatory authorities are commonly set up to enforce standards and safety or to oversee use of public goods and regulate commerce . Examples of regulatory agencies are the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Food and Drug Administration in the United States , the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency and Ofcom in the United Kingdom , and the Telecom Regulatory Authority in India . See Internet regulation in Turkey for additional examples .

Laughter is a physical reaction in humans and some other species of primate , consisting typically of rhythmical , often audible contractions of the diaphragm and other parts of the respiratory system . It is a response to certain external or internal stimuli . Laughter can arise from such activities as being tickled , or from humorous stories or thoughts . Most commonly , it is considered a visual expression of a number of positive emotional states , such as joy , mirth , happiness , relief , etc. . On some occasions , however , it may be caused by contrary emotional states such as embarrassment , apology , or confusion such as nervous laughter or courtesy laugh . Age , gender , education , language , and culture are all factors as to whether a person will experience laughter in a given situation .   Laughter is a part of human behavior regulated by the brain , helping humans clarify their intentions in social interaction and providing an emotional context to conversations . Laughter is used as a signal for being part of a group -- it signals acceptance and positive interactions with others . Laughter is sometimes seen as contagious , and the laughter of one person can itself provoke laughter from others as a positive feedback . This may account in part for the popularity of laugh tracks in situation comedy television shows .   The study of humor and laughter , and its psychological and physiological effects on the human body , is called gelotology .

Remote viewing ( RV ) is the practice of seeking impressions about a distant or unseen target , purportedly using extrasensory perception ( ESP ) or `` sensing with mind '' .   Remote Viewing experiments have historically been criticized for lack of proper controls and repeatability . There is no credible evidence that remote viewing exists , and the topic of remote viewing is generally regarded as pseudoscience .   Typically a remote viewer is expected to give information about an object , event , person or location that is hidden from physical view and separated at some distance .   Physicists Russell Targ and Harold Puthoff , parapsychology researchers at Stanford Research Institute ( SRI ) , are generally credited with coining the term `` remote viewing '' to distinguish it from the closely related concept of clairvoyance , although according to Targ , the term was first suggested by Ingo Swann in December 1971 during an experiment at the American Society for Psychical Research in New York City .   Remote viewing was popularized in the 1990s upon the declassification of certain documents related to the Stargate Project , a $ 20 million research program that had started in 1975 and was sponsored by the U.S. government , in an attempt to determine any potential military application of psychic phenomena . The program was terminated in 1995 after it failed to produce any actionable intelligence information .


Question: Such instances of tidal flooding may typically involve accumulations merely one to two feet in depth; nonetheless, these occurrences have proven capable of halting vehicular movement, inundating basement areas, impairing motor vehicles, decimating grassy expanses alongside woodland territories, as well as contaminating water sources through saline intrusion.

 Impacts of Tidal Flooding
Tidal flooding, characterized by shallow inundations merely inches to feet high, presents significant challenges to coastal communities. Despite its seemingly minor depth, these recurrent events disrupt daily life by halting vehicular movement, causing basement infiltration, damaging vehicles through corrosion, degrading green spaces and woodlands, and contaminating groundwater sources with saline intrusion. Such occurrences transform typically dry areas into temporary bodies of seawater, affecting infrastructure resilience and public health. Moreover, repeated exposure exacerbates property deterioration and necessitates costly repairs while threatening local ecosystems' vitality.

This phenomenon disproportionately affects regions adjacent to estuaries and bays where tidal ranges combine with sea-level rise to create more frequent and severe impacts. Coastal vegetation, particularly mangroves and salt marshes, serve as crucial buffers against floodwaters; however, prolonged submersion jeopardizes plant survival and diminishes protective barriers. Consequently, vulnerable communities face escalating risks without effective adaptation strategies. Addressing tidal flooding requires integrated planning encompassing engineering solutions, ecological restoration projects, and community engagement initiatives aimed at enhancing long-term sustainability along coastlines globally.

The reference text discusses how tidal floods affect various aspects of society despite being relatively shallow. It highlights disruptions to transportation systems, residential properties, vehicle integrity, recreational lands, forested zones, and drinking-water supplies contaminated by salinity increases. Additionally, it mentions the importance of vegetative cover in mitigating flood damages yet acknowledges increased vulnerability when subjected repeatedly to marine environments. Finally, broader implications regarding future trends under changing climates emphasize urgency surrounding adaptive measures development within impacted locales around the world.

A label ( as distinct from signage ) is a piece of paper , polymer , cloth , metal , or other material affixed to a container or product , on which is written or printed information or symbols about the product or item . Information printed directly on a container or article can also be considered labeling .   Labels have many uses , including providing information on a product 's origin , manufacturer ( e.g. , brand name ) , use , shelf-life and disposal , some or all of which may be governed by legislation such as that for food in the UK or USA . Methods of production and attachment to packaging are many and various and may also be subject to internationally recognised standards . In many countries , hazardous products such as poisons or flammable liquids must have a warning label .

The Rhode River is a 3 mi tidal tributary of the West River in Anne Arundel County , Maryland . It is south of the South River .   These are its named tidal creeks and coves starting at the upper end and going clockwise , with a lower-order tributary listed after the '' & '' symbol :  Muddy Creek  Fox Creek  Sheephead Cove  Sellman Creek  Bear Neck Creek & Whitemarsh Creek  Cadle Creek  Boathouse Cove   YMCA Camp Letts sits on a peninsula at the northern end of the Rhode River , and the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center occupies most of the northwestern shore of the Rhode River .

A railroad car or railcar ( American and Canadian English ) , railway wagon or railway carriage ( UK and UIC ) , also called a train car or train wagon , is a vehicle used for the carrying of cargo or passengers on a rail transport system ( a railroad/railway ) . Such cars , when coupled together and hauled by one or more locomotives , form a train . Alternatively , some passenger cars are self-propelled in which case they may be either single railcars or make up multiple units .   The term `` car '' is commonly used by itself in American English when a rail context is implicit . Indian English sometimes uses `` bogie '' in the same manner , though the term has other meanings in other variants of English . In American English , `` railcar '' is a generic term for a railway vehicle ; in other countries `` railcar '' refers specifically to a self-propelled , powered , railway vehicle .   Although some cars exist for the railroad 's own use -- for track maintenance purposes , for example -- most carry a revenue-earning load of passengers or freight , and may be classified accordingly as passenger cars or coaches on the one hand or freight cars ( or wagons ) on the other .

Deep Bay is an unincorporated area on the east coast of Vancouver Island , in British Columbia , Canada across Baynes Sound from Denman Island which has a government marina in a naturally protected harbour . It is situated on Highway 19A north of Qualicum Beach between Fanny Bay and Bowser .   The June 23 , 1946 Vancouver Island earthquake shocked the Strait of Georgia region , causing the bottom of Deep Bay to sink between 2.7 m and 25.6 m.   Deep Bay is the home of the Deep Bay Marine Field Station .

notice   A diphthong ( -LSB- ˈdɪfθɒŋ -RSB- or -LSB- ˈdɪpθɒŋ -RSB- ; from Greek : δίψθογγος , diphthongos , literally `` two sounds '' or `` two tones '' ) , also known as a gliding vowel , is a combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable . Technically , a diphthong is a vowel with two different targets : that is , the tongue ( and/or other parts of the speech apparatus ) moves during the pronunciation of the vowel . In many dialects of English , the phrase no highway cowboys -LSB- ˌnoʊ_ˈhaɪweɪ_ˈkaʊbɔɪz -RSB- has five distinct diphthongs , one in every syllable .   Diphthongs contrast with monophthongs , where the tongue or other speech organs do not move and the syllable contains only a single vowel sound . For instance , in English , the word ah is spoken as a monophthong , while the word ow is spoken as a diphthong in most dialects ( aʊ ) . Where two adjacent vowel sounds occur in different syllables -- for example , in the English word re-elect -- the result is described as hiatus , not as a diphthong .   Diphthongs often form when separate vowels are run together in rapid speech during a conversation . However , there are also unitary diphthongs , as in the English examples above , which are heard by listeners as single-vowel sounds ( phonemes ) .   Diphthongs use two vowel sounds in one syllable to make a speech sound .

In mechanical engineering , random vibration is motion which is non-deterministic , meaning that future behavior can not be precisely predicted . The randomness is a characteristic of the excitation or input , not the mode shapes or natural frequencies . Some common examples include an automobile riding on a rough road , wave height on the water or the load induced on an airplane wing during flight . Structural response to random vibration is usually treated using statistical or probabilistic approaches . In mathematical terms , random vibration is characterized as an ergodic and stationary process .   A measurement of the acceleration spectral density ( ASD ) is the usual way to specify random vibration . The root mean square acceleration ( Grms ) is the square root of the area under the ASD curve in the frequency domain . The Grms value is typically used to express the overall energy of a particular random vibration event and is a statistical value used in mechanical engineering for structural design and analysis purposes .   While the term power spectral density ( PSD ) is commonly used to specify a random vibration event , ASD is more appropriate when acceleration is being measured and used in structural analysis and testing .

Land drainage in the UK has a specific and particular meaning as a result of a number of Acts of Parliament such as the Land Drainage Act 1991 . In this context , land drainage refers to the responsibilities and activities of `` internal drainage districts '' and `` internal drainage boards '' , both of which are specifically defined by relevant legislation . The land drainage responsibilities of the boards and districts are limited to works on main rivers . Such works encompass any reasonable activity to maintain an adequate channel in the river to carry a 1 in 100 year river flow event . Such activities may include dredging , weed clearing , the raising of flood embankments etc. .

A rail replacement bus service uses buses to replace a passenger train service either on a temporary or permanent basis . The train service that is replaced may be of any type such as light rail , tram , streetcar , commuter rail , regional rail or heavy rail , intercity passenger service . The rail service may be replaced if the line is closed due to rail maintenance , a breakdown of a train , a rail accident , strike action , or if the rail service is not economically viable .   Terms for a rail replacement bus service include bustitution ( a portmanteau of the words `` bus '' and `` substitution '' , may also be bustitute ) and bus bridge . Substitution of rail services by buses can be unpopular and subject to criticism , so the term bustitution is often used pejoratively .   A similar concept in some ways is motorization , but that term more broadly refers to the rise of the automobile as well as bus transportation .

Rehoboth Bay is a body of water in Sussex County , Delaware . It is connected to the Broadkill River by the Lewes and Rehoboth Canal .   It is part of Delaware 's inland bay system , along with Little Assawoman Bay and Indian River Bay .   According to the Rehoboth Bay Sediment Management Plan , Rehoboth Bay is part of Delaware 's Inland Bays which encompass Rehoboth Bay , Little Assawoman Bay , and Indian River Bay . Both Rehoboth Bay and Little Assawoman Bay are barbuilt  estuaries , while Indian River Bay is a drowned river valley . Rehoboth Bay is the  northernmost of Delaware 's inland bays ( Figure 2-1 ) . Depths in the bay are generally shallow ,  less than 6 to 7 feet below Mean Lower Low Water ( MLLW ) . Surface area of the bay is  approximately 13 square miles . Rehoboth Bay receives fresh water discharges from a number of  small creeks along the bay , including White Oak Creek , Love Creek , Herring Creek , and Guinea  Creek . Rehoboth Bay is linked to Indian River Bay to the south , providing tidal exchange with the Atlantic Ocean through Indian River Inlet , which is stabilized by two parallel stone jetties . To the north , the Lewes-Rehoboth Canal provides limited exchange with Delaware Bay .

Rasputitsa ( -LSB- распу́тица , p = rɐsˈputʲɪtsə -RSB- ) is a season when travel on unpaved roads becomes difficult , owing to muddy conditions , either from autumnal rains or spring thaw . It also refers to the condition of the roads , during those seasons .