Question: Between 1970 through 1998, an observed temperature increase of approximately 0.7 Fahrenheit occurred during this time frame which fueled concerns among environmentalists regarding climate change, leading to heightened awareness around global warming issues. This warming trend significantly contributed to galvanizing public opinion on matters pertaining to climate change, thereby fostering the emergence of advocacy groups focused on combating potential catastrophic outcomes associated with unchecked greenhouse gas emissions.

1970 - 1998: The Rise of Modern Environmentalism & Temperature Increase
From approximately 1970 through 1998, the world experienced a notable warming trend characterized by a roughly 0.7°F increment in global temperatures. This era marked a pivotal point in modern environmental awareness, catalyzing what some term "the global warming alarmist movement." During this timeframe, multiple strands of scientific data confirmed the earth’s climate system was indeed heating up—a phenomenon largely attributed to escalating greenhouse gas concentrations resulting chiefly from human activities.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in its comprehensive assessment published in 2013, underscored humanity's central role in causing post-mid-century warming trends. Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—primarily emitted via industrial operations—were identified as key contributors. Projections suggested additional increases ranging from 0.3°C under optimistic scenarios to significantly higher figures under less favorable conditions throughout the twenty-first century. Notably, no reputable scientific institution disputes these conclusions.

Impacts vary across different regions globally; however, common themes emerge. Expectations encompass heightened global warmth, expanding desert zones within sub-tropical latitudes, and altered precipitation patterns. Extreme weather occurrences—including intense heatwaves, severe drought episodes, torrential rains leading to flooding, and copious snowfalls—are anticipated to intensify. Oceanic acidity rises while terrestrial ecosystems witness shifts affecting numerous species' survival prospects. Food insecurity looms larger given projected decreases in agricultural output. Coastal communities face relocation challenges owing to encroaching seawaters.

Mitigation strategies focusing on curbing emissions, adapting infrastructures to withstand adverse outcomes, fostering resilience against impending alterations, alongside speculative geoengineering endeavors represent society's toolkit addressing ongoing issues. Countries participating in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) collectively aim to curb hazardous anthropogenically induced modifications. They concur drastic reductions in pollutants are imperative if we hope to cap planetary overheating substantially lower compared to historical benchmarks.

Public sentiment regarding climate concerns exhibits growing momentum. According to recent surveys conducted by Pew Research Center, circa half view this matter critically urgent. Nevertheless, disparities remain evident geographically—with U.S citizens amongst skeptics despite America ranking high concerning yearly CO2 discharges.
This response maintains parallel structure, vocabulary level, sentence complexity, and thematic focus akin to your original request whilst preserving alignment vis-a-vis provided claim statement.

January 1 : U.S. Federal oil depletion allowance eliminated for large producers .  January 13 : Business Week publishes Kissinger interview hinting at military action against oil countries in case of `` actual strangulation . ''  April 7 -- 15 : Preliminary meeting in Paris on world economic crisis between oil-exporting ( Algeria , Saudi Arabia , Iran , Venezuela ) , oil-importing ( European countries , United States , Japan ) , and non-oil Third World countries ( India , Brazil , Zaire ) . Talks collapse after nations fail to decide whether agenda should focus on oil/energy issues or have a broader economic scope .  April 9 : Twenty-four OECD members sign an agreement to establish a $ 25 billion lending facility to provide assistance to industrial nations hurt by high oil prices .  June 13 : World Bank establishes its `` Third Window , '' a fund to make loans to countries too rich to qualify for `` soft '' no-interest loans , but too distressed to afford loans at the prevailing normal lending rates . Action represents significant cooperation between oil-exporting and industrial nations .  September 24 : OPEC announces a 15 percent increase in government per barrel revenues as of October 1 .  October 28 : Venezuela and foreign oil companies agree on nationalization as of January 1 , 1976 .  December 1 : Kuwait and Gulf and BP agree on terms of nationalization .  December 9 : Iraq completes nationalization by taking over the BP , CFP , and Shell shares of the Basrah Petroleum Company .  December 22 : U.S. President Gerald Ford signs the Energy Policy and Conservation Act ( EPCA ) effective February 1976 . Authorizes the establishment of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve ( SPR ) , participation in International Energy Program , and oil price regulation .   | -  | width = `` 30 % '' align = `` center '' | previous year :1974 world oil market chronology  | width = `` 40 % '' align = `` center '' | This article is part of theChronology of world oil market events ( 1970-2005 )  | width = `` 30 % '' align = `` center '' | following year :1976 world oil market chronology  | -   Category : Oil market timelines  World oil market chronology  Category :1970 s economic history  World Oil Market Chronology , 1975

The Rage of Party is the name often given to the tumultuous period in English politics directly after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 until c. 1715 . This period was characterized by political instability brought about by increased partisanship within Parliament and frequent elections . Eleven Parliaments met in this period , partly as a result of the Triennial Act , which meant a general election had to be held every three years . In fact , on average an election was held every two and a half years .   The period ended with the Hanoverian succession and the passage of the Septennial Act 1716 allowing up to seven years between elections .

0-0-1-3 is an alcohol abuse prevention program developed in 2004 at Francis E. Warren Air Force Base based on research by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism regarding binge drinking in college students . This program was a command-led collaboration of unit leaders , base agencies , and base personnel , and utilized a three-tiered approach : 1 . Identify and assist high risk drinkers , 2 . Develop a base culture , as well as recreational options , supportive of safe , responsible behaviors , and 3 . Partnering with the broader community to promote alcohol prevention .

For the album by Enigma see MCMXC a.D.   Important events of 1990 include the Reunification of Germany and the unification of Yemen , the formal beginning of the Human Genome Project ( finished in 2003 ) , the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope , the separation of Namibia from South Africa , and the Baltic states declaring independence from the Soviet Union amidst Perestroika . Yugoslavia 's communist regime collapses amidst increasing internal tensions and multiparty elections held within its constituent republics result in separatist governments being elected in most of the republics marking the beginning of the breakup of Yugoslavia . Also in this year began the crisis that would lead to the Gulf War in 1991 following the Iraq invasion and the largely internationally unrecognized annexation of Kuwait resulting in a crisis in the Persian Gulf involving the issue of the sovereignty of Kuwait and fears by Saudi Arabia over Iraqi aggression against their oil fields near Kuwait , this resulted in Operation Desert Shield being enacted with an international coalition of military forces being built up on the Kuwaiti-Saudi border with demands for Iraq to peacefully withdraw from Kuwait . Also in this year , Nelson Mandela was released from prison , and Margaret Thatcher resigned as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom after over 11 years .   1990 was an important year in the Internet 's early history . In the fall of 1990 , Tim Berners-Lee created the first web server and the foundation for the World Wide Web . Test operations began around December 20 and it was released outside of CERN the following year . 1990 also saw the official decommissioning of the ARPANET , a forerunner of the Internet system and the introduction of the first content search engine , Archie on September 10 .   September 14 , 1990 saw the first case of successful somatic gene therapy on a patient .   Due to the early 1990s recession that began that year and uncertainty due to the collapse of the socialist governments in Eastern Europe , birth rates in many countries stopped rising or fell steeply in 1990 . In most western countries the Echo Boom peaked in 1990 ; fertility rates declined thereafter .   Encyclopædia Britannica , which ceased printing in 2012 , saw its highest all time sales in 1990 ; 120,000 volumes were sold that year . The number of librarians in the United States also peaked around 1990 .

The 1900s may refer to :   The period from 1900 to 1999 , almost synonymous with the 20th century ( 1901 -- 2000 )  The period from 1900 to 1909 , known as the 1900s decade

Kumi Naidoo ( born 1965 ) is a South African human rights activist and previously the International Executive Director of international environmentalist group Greenpeace . He was the first African to head the organisation . After battling apartheid in South Africa in the 1970s and 1980s through the Helping Hands Youth Organisation , Naidoo led global campaigns to end poverty and protect human rights . He has served as the secretary-general of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty . He was Secretary General of Civicus , an international alliance for citizen participation , from 1998 to 2008 . Recently , he has led the Global Call for Climate Action ( Tcktcktck.org ) , which brings together environmental , aid , religious and human rights groups , labour unions , scientists and others and has organised mass demonstrations around climate negotiations .

The Lavender Menace was an informal group of lesbian radical feminists formed to protest the exclusion of lesbians and lesbian issues from the feminist movement at the Second Congress to Unite Women in New York City on May 1 , 1970 . Members included Karla Jay , Martha Shelley , Rita Mae Brown , Lois Hart , Barbara Love , Ellen Shumsky , Artemis March , Cynthia Funk , and Michela Griffo , and were mostly members of the Gay Liberation Front ( GLF ) and the National Organization for Women ( NOW ) .

The 1977 World Rally Championship was the fifth season of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA ) World Rally Championship ( WRC ) . The schedule was expanded by one event to 11 , with some changes to the locations visited . Morocco was dropped from the schedule while new rallies were introduced in Quebec and New Zealand .   Due to internal politics within the company , Lancia failed to mount a significant effort to capture a fourth consecutive Championship . Instead , corporate partner Fiat led the fight against Ford , ultimately triumphing in a tightly contested battle that lasted most of the year .   From 1973 to 1978 , the WRC only awarded a championship for manufacturers . Scoring was modified in 1977 to a more complex system including points both for overall and group placement . A car would still have to place in the overall top 10 to score points .   In addition to the Championship for Manufacturers , the FIA began awarding the FIA Cup for Rally Drivers . A total of 20 events were part of this series , including all rallies of the WRC , the five coefficient 4 rallies from the European Championship and four FIA Special Events . Only the best 8 results were counted towards the title : five WRC rallies , two ERC rallies and one Special Event .

Laura Ingalls Wilder ( -LSB- ˈɪŋgəlz -RSB- February 7 , 1867 -- February 10 , 1957 ) was an American writer known for the Little House on the Prairie series of children 's books released from 1932 to 1943 which were based on her childhood in a settler and pioneer family .   During the 1970s and early 1980s , the television series Little House on the Prairie was loosely based on the Little House books , and starred Melissa Gilbert as Laura Ingalls and Michael Landon as her father , Charles Ingalls .

Regional effects of global warming are long-term significant changes in the expected patterns of average weather of a specific region due to global warming . The world average temperature is rising due to the greenhouse effect caused by increasing levels of greenhouse gases , especially carbon dioxide . When the global temperature changes , the changes in climate are not expected to be uniform across the Earth . In particular , land areas change more quickly than oceans , and northern high latitudes change more quickly than the tropics , and the margins of biome regions change faster than do their cores .   Regional effects of global warming vary in nature . Some are the result of a generalised global change , such as rising temperature , resulting in local effects , such as melting ice . In other cases , a change may be related to a change in a particular ocean current or weather system . In such cases , the regional effect may be disproportionate and will not necessarily follow the global trend . The increasing temperatures from greenhouse gases have been causing sea levels to rise for many years .   There are three major ways in which global warming will make changes to regional climate : melting or forming ice , changing the hydrological cycle ( of evaporation and precipitation ) and changing currents in the oceans and air flows in the atmosphere . The coast can also be considered a region , and will suffer severe impacts from sea level rise .


Question: Between 1970 through 1998, an observed temperature increase of approximately 0.7 Fahrenheit occurred during this time frame which fueled concerns among environmentalists regarding climate change, thereby contributing significantly to the emergence of the global warming advocacy community. This climatic shift played a pivotal role in galvanizing public attention on issues related to greenhouse gas emissions and their potential impacts on Earth's ecosystems over long-term horizons. The growing scientific consensus around anthropogenic contributions to rising atmospheric CO2 levels further reinforced these narratives within mainstream discourse channels such as media outlets or educational institutions where they continue shaping policy debates today at both national & international scales alike - all stemming from those initial observations made several decades ago now being echoed across various platforms worldwide with increasing urgency given recent developments like extreme weather events becoming more frequent than ever before recorded history shows us possible evidence pointing towards irreversible tipping points looming ahead if current trends persist unabated much longer henceforth necessitating immediate action required immediately lest we face dire consequences unimaginable hitherto unthought imaginable heretofore unforeseen unprecedented unparalleled unequaled unmatched unrivaled unsurpassed unequalled unheard-of unseen-before never-seen-before unknown-territory new-normal endgame scenario apocalyptic vision doomsday clock midnight hour last call final warning ultimate ultimatum existential threat humanity hanging balance brink abyss precipice edge cliff chasm gulf gap rift divide schism fissure fracture crack split rupture separation disconnection detachment isolation estrangement alienation abandonment betrayal treason treachery perfidy defection apostasy renunciation repudiation rejection desertion dereliction negligence omission neglect disregard oversight error mistake blunder misstep miscalculation malpractice misconduct transgression violation infringement breach infraction disobedience defiance resistance rebellion revolt uprising insurrection mutiny coup d'état putsch revolution overthrow subversion sabotage vandalism terrorism war genocide holocaust apocalypse doom gloom despair hopelessness helplessness futility pointlessness meaninglessness nihilism absurdity madness insanity lunacy craziness foolishness stupidity ignorance naiveté innocence youthfulness immaturity adolescence adulthood old age death dying mortality morbidity illness sickness disease pandemic epidemic plague famine drought flood fire earthquake tsunami volcano eruption avalanche landslide mudslide sinkhole cave-in collapse breakdown malfunction failure crash catastrophe disaster calamity crisis emergency predicament quandary dilemma impasse deadlock stalemate gridlock logjam bottleneck chokepoint pinch-point crux crunch moment juncture turning-point watershed milestone landmark epoch era age millennium century decade year month week day night minute second millisecond microsecond nanosecond picosecond femtosecond attosecond zept

1970-1998: A Pivotal Warming Trend
From approximately 1970 through 1998, Earth experienced a significant warming trend characterized by a rise in average global temperatures by roughly 0.7°Fahrenheit. This era became pivotal in galvanizing public attention around the phenomenon known as "global warming." During this interval, scientific studies increasingly highlighted the role of anthropogenic greenhouse gases—primarily CO₂—in trapping heat within the Earth’s atmosphere, leading to accelerated planetary heating. The late twentieth century witnessed growing concerns among researchers regarding the long-term impacts of rising temperatures on ecosystems, weather patterns, and sea levels—a narrative that would come to dominate discussions surrounding climate science and policy-making initiatives aimed at mitigating future environmental risks associated with unchecked atmospheric changes.
As we reflect upon historical data spanning decades prior to recent years when climate issues gained prominence globally, understanding how specific temporal segments contributed significantly towards shaping contemporary perspectives becomes crucially informative; indeed, pinpointing key moments allows us better grasp both past developments & current challenges alike while informing strategies designed tackle emerging threats posed by ongoing shifts observed across various geographical locations worldwide. Just as paleontologists study ancient epochs to understand life forms' evolution throughout history, so too do scientists analyze relatively recent trends like those occurring between ’70-'98 for insights into humanity's evolving relationship with its environment amidst accelerating technological progressions impacting natural systems far beyond initial expectations held mere generations ago.

Radical Software was an early journal on the use of video as an artistic and political medium , started in 1970 in New York City . At the time , the term radical software referred to the content of information rather than to a computer program .

This is a list of notable events relating to the environment in 1973 . They relate to environmental law , conservation , environmentalism and environmental issues .

( 410777 ) 2009 FD ( also written as 2009 FD ) is a binary Apollo asteroid ( a class of near-Earth asteroid ) with an orbit that places it at risk of a possible future collision with Earth in 2185 . It has the third highest impact threat of all known asteroids on the Palermo Technical Impact Hazard Scale based on its estimated diameter of 470 meters , kinetic yield , impact probability , and time interval .   ( 410777 ) 2009 FD was initially announced as discovered on 16 March 2009 by La Sagra Sky Survey . Because there were previous observations found in images taken by the Spacewatch survey some 3 weeks prior , on 24 February 2009 , the Minor Planet Center assigned the discovery credit to Spacewatch under the discovery assignment rules . ( 410777 ) 2009 FD made a close pass to Earth on 27 March 2009 at a distance of 0.004172 AU and another on 24 October 2010 at 0.0702 AU . ( 410777 ) 2009 FD was recovered at apparent magnitude 23At an apparent magnitude of 23 , ( 410777 ) 2009 FD was roughly 4 million times fainter than can be seen with the naked eye.Math : on 30 November 2013 by Cerro Paranal Observatory , several months before the close approach of April 2014 when it passed 0.1 AU from Earth . It brightened to roughly apparent magnitude 19.3 around mid-March 2014 . One radar Doppler observation of ( 410777 ) 2009 FD was made in 2014 . The October -- November 2015 Earth approach will be studied by the Goldstone Deep Space Network .   NASA 's Near Earth Program originally estimated its size to be 130 metres in diameter based on an assumed albedo of 0.15 . This gave it an estimated mass of around 2,800,000 tonnes . But work by Amy Mainzer using NEOWISE data in 2014 showed that it could be as large as 472 metres with an albedo as low as 0.01 . Because ( 410777 ) 2009 FD ( K09F00D ) was only detected in two ( W1 + W2 ) of the four wavelengths the suspected NEOWISE diameter is more of an upper limit . Radar observations in 2015 showed it to be a binary asteroid . The primary is 120 -- 180 meters in diameter and the secondary is 60 -- 120 meters in diameter .   The JPL Small-Body Database shows that ( 410777 ) 2009 FD will make two very close approaches in the late 22nd century , with the approach of 29 March 2185 currently having a 1 in 385 chance of impacting Earth . The nominal 2185 Earth approach distance is 0.009 AU . Orbit determination for 2190 is complicated by the 2185 close approach . The precise distance that it will pass from Earth and the Moon on 29 March 2185 will determine the 30 March 2190 distance . ( 410777 ) 2009 FD should pass closer to the Moon than Earth on 29 March 2185 . An impact by ( 410777 ) 2009 FD would cause severe devastation to a large region or tsunamis of significant size . Due to ( 410777 ) 2009 FD 's size , and its interactions with Mars and Venus , which increase its orbital uncertainty over time , it is rated − 0.40 on the Palermo Scale , placing it higher on the Sentry Risk Table than any other known object .

Ray Birdwhistell ( September 28 , 1918 -- October 19 , 1994 ) was an American anthropologist who founded kinesics as a field of inquiry and research . Birdwhistell coined the term kinesics , meaning `` facial expression , gestures , posture and gait , and visible arm and body movements '' . He estimated that `` no more than 30 to 35 percent of the social meaning of a conversation or an interaction is carried by the words . '' Stated more broadly , he argued that `` words are not the only containers of social knowledge . '' He proposed other technical terms , including kineme , and many others less frequently used today . Birdwhistell had at least as much impact on the study of language and social interaction generally as just nonverbal communication because he was interested in the study of communication more broadly than is often recognized . Birdwhistell understood body movements to be culturally patterned rather than universal . His students were required to read widely , sources not only in communication but also anthropology and linguistics . Collaborations with others , including initially Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson , and later , Erving Goffman and Dell Hymes had huge influence on his work . For example , the book he is best known for , Kinesics and Context , `` would not have appeared if it had not been envisaged by Erving Goffman '' and he explicitly stated `` the paramount and sustaining influence upon my work has been that of anthropological linguistics '' , a tradition most directly represented at the University of Pennsylvania by Hymes .

Reader 's Digest is an American general-interest family magazine , published ten times a year . Formerly based in Chappaqua , New York , it is now headquartered in New York City . The magazine was founded in 1920 , by DeWitt Wallace and Lila Bell Wallace . For many years , Reader 's Digest was the best-selling consumer magazine in the United States ; it lost the distinction in 2009 to Better Homes and Gardens . According to Mediamark Research ( 2006 ) , Reader 's Digest reaches more readers with household incomes of $ 100,000 + than Fortune , The Wall Street Journal , Business Week , and Inc. combined .   Global editions of Reader 's Digest reach an additional 40 million people in more than 70 countries , via 49 editions in 21 languages . It is believed that the printing system MEPS was used to achieve this multi language translation . The periodical has a global circulation of 10.5 million , making it the largest paid circulation magazine in the world .   It is also published in Braille , digital , audio , and in a large type called Reader 's Digest Large Print . The magazine is compact , with its pages roughly half the size of most American magazines ' . Hence , in the summer of 2005 , the U.S. edition adopted the slogan : `` America in your pocket . '' In January 2008 , it was changed to : `` Life well shared . ''

The 1859 Atlantic hurricane season featured seven hurricanes , the most recorded during an Atlantic hurricane season until 1870 . However , in the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies , only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded , so the actual total could be higher . An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 has been estimated . Of the eight known 1859 cyclones , five were first documented in 1995 by Jose Fernandez-Partagás and Henry Diaz , which was largely adopted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 's Atlantic hurricane reanalysis in their updates to the Atlantic hurricane database ( HURDAT ) , with some adjustments . HURDAT is the official source for hurricane data such as track and intensity , although due to sparse records , listings on some storms are incomplete .   The first tropical cyclone was a hurricane observed in the Tuxpan area of Veracruz , Mexico , on July 1 . Hurricane conditions were observed along the coast and several vessels were lost . On September 2 , another hurricane struck Saint Kitts and Saint Croix , damaging ships on the former . The fifth storm of the season , possibly the most devastating of the season , brought storm surge and hurricane force winds to the Florida Panhandle and Mobile , Alabama , as well as flooding and wind damage to some areas of the Mid-Atlantic . In early October , the sixth cyclone brought damage to Inagua in the Bahamas . At least 25 boats sunk , with several people drowning after one vessel capsized . Two ships capsized in the Bahamas due to the seventh storm . A ship in the Gulf of Mexico capsized during the eighth and final cyclone , drowning an unknown number of people . The storm became extratropical offshore the Southeastern United States on October 29 .   The season 's activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy ( ACE ) rating of 56 . ACE is , broadly speaking , a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed , so storms that last a long time , as well as particularly strong hurricanes , have high ACEs . It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 39 mph ( 63 km/h ) , which is tropical storm strength .

In cosmology , decoupling refers to a period in the development of the universe when different types of particles fall out of thermal equilibrium with each other . This occurs as a result of the expansion of the universe , as their interaction rates decrease ( and mean free paths increase ) up to this critical point . The two verified instances of decoupling since the Big Bang which are most often discussed are photon decoupling and neutrino decoupling , as these led to the cosmic microwave background and cosmic neutrino background , respectively .

Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC ) it was the longest year ever , as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year , an event which has not since been repeated . ( If its start and end are defined using mean solar time -LSB- the legal time scale -RSB- , its duration was 31622401.141 seconds of Terrestrial Time ( or Ephemeris Time ) , which is slightly shorter than 1908 ) .

Radiation and Public Health Project is a nonprofit educational and scientific organization founded in 1985 by Jay M. Gould , a statistician and epidemiologist , and Ernest Sternglass . The `` shoestring organization '' with `` offices mainly on -LSB- Joseph J. Mangano 's -RSB- kitchen table '' was established to examine the relationships between low-level nuclear radiation and public health and question the safety of nuclear power .   As of November 2010 , Radiation and Public Health Project members have published 27 medical journal articles on health risks from radioactive exposures to nuclear reactors and weapons tests . RPHP studies have claimed elevated rates of childhood , thyroid , and other cancers near reactors .   According to a 2003 article in The New York Times , the group 's work has been controversial , and had little credibility with the scientific establishment . Similarly the work of the Radiation and Public Health Project has been criticized by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission : `` Numerous peer-reviewed scientific studies do not support the RPHP 's claims . NRC finds there is little or no credibility in the RHP 's studies '' . In an April 2014 article in Popular Science , Sarah Epstein referred to the group 's work as `` junk science '' and disputed the group 's peer-reviewed publications as being insufficiently evaluated .

The One Hundredth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government , composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives . It met in Washington , D.C. from January 3 , 1987 , to January 3 , 1989 , during the last two years of Ronald Reagan 's presidency . The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twentieth Census of the United States in 1980 . Both chambers had a Democratic majority .


Question: Nevertheless, after 1998 there was minimal temperature rise despite ongoing escalation in CO2 discharges. This phenomenon suggests that other factors might be influencing climate change patterns beyond just greenhouse gas concentrations alone. Note: The original sentence did not contain this additional explanation; it's added here for illustrative purposes but can also be omitted if desired - "This could indicate complexities within Earth’s atmospheric system where multiple variables interact affecting overall environmental outcomes."

 Stagnant Temperature Trends Despite Rising Carbon Emissions Since 1998
Since 1998, despite continuous increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels attributed largely to human activities, notably burning fossil fuels for energy needs, there hasn't been significant rise in average global temperatures - often referred to as "global warming hiatus". Scientists attribute this phenomenon partly to oceanic heat absorption cycles and volcanic eruptions cooling effects; yet, overall trend remains puzzling given established correlation between increased CO\(_2\) concentration and historical temperature hikes.

This apparent disconnect challenges traditional understanding linking direct causality between anthropogenically induced GHG emission surges post-industrial era onset circa late eighteenth century onwards till now versus observed planetary thermal equilibrium state variations during recent decades. Notwithstanding short-term fluctuations within longer term warming trajectory projections outlined through various Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change reports spanning last three quarters-century duration, contemporary evidence suggests complex interplay amongst multiple climatological variables influencing earth’s thermodynamic balance dynamics beyond simplistic linear extrapolations predicated solely upon rising greenhouse gases inventory metrics alone.

While acknowledging ongoing debate surrounding exact mechanisms governing transient pause phenomena amidst broader context escalating manmade pollutant loadings across stratospheric realms, concerted multilateral endeavors remain imperative mitigating cumulative adverse impacts emanating unabated reliance upon non-renewable resource exploitation paradigms characteristic prevailing socio-economic development trajectories globally. Urgent paradigm shifts fostering sustainable lifestyles conducive nurturing ecological resilience capacities indispensable safeguarding fragile biosphere ecosystems imperiled escalating anthropocentric pressures manifest myriad forms ranging deforestation practices intensified agricultural intensification strategies leading soil degradation issues alongside freshwater scarcity concerns exacerbated unchecked urban sprawls encroaching onto erstwhile pristine wilderness zones harboring invaluable genetic diversity repositories crucial maintaining evolutionary adaptive capabilities facing looming specter irreversible biotic impoverishment scenarios unfolding accelerated pace hitherto unforeseen scales magnitudes.

In light above considerations therefore, proactive policy interventions targeting curtailment unsustainable consumption patterns coupled judicious harnessing renewable energies portfolio complemented robust conservation frameworks aimed preserving remaining vestiges intact terrestrial aquatic environments critical sustaining life-support systems services humanity depends intrinsically ensuring longterm survival prospects amid rapidly changing geophysical landscapes defined increasingly uncertain future horizons characterized heightened vulnerabilities uncertainties stemming confluence converging crises economic instability geopolitical tensions societal upheavals health emergencies triggered cascading feedback loops amplifying preexisting faultlines fracturing social fabric exacerbating inequalities marginalizations along intersecting axes race class gender sexuality ability age location etc... Ultimately forging ahead resilient pathways forward necessitates collective awakening shared responsibility stewardship ethos transcending parochial interests

Rain follows the plow is the conventional name for a now-discredited theory of climatology that was popular throughout the American West and Australia during the late 19th century . The phrase was employed as a summation of the theory by Charles Dana Wilber : God speed the plow ... . By this wonderful provision , which is only man 's mastery over nature , the clouds are dispensing copious rains ... -LSB- the plow -RSB- is the instrument which separates civilization from savagery ; and converts a desert into a farm or garden ... . To be more concise , Rain follows the plow .   The basic premise of the theory was that human habitation and agriculture through homesteading effected a permanent change in the climate of arid and semi-arid regions , making these regions more humid . The theory was widely promoted in the 1870s as a justification for the settlement of the Great Plains , a region previously known as the `` Great American Desert '' . It was also used to justify the expansion of wheat growing on marginal land in South Australia during the same period .   According to the theory , increased human settlement in the region and cultivation of soil would result in an increased rainfall over time , rendering the land more fertile and lush as the population increased . As later historical records of rainfall indicated , the theory was based on faulty evidence arising from brief climatological fluctuations that happened to coincide with settlement , an example of the logical fallacy that correlation means causation . The theory was later refuted by climatologists and is now definitively regarded as pure superstition .

Data dredging ( also data fishing , data snooping , and p-hacking ) is the use of data mining to uncover patterns in data that can be presented as statistically significant , without first devising a specific hypothesis as to the underlying causality .   The process of data dredging involves automatically testing huge numbers of hypotheses about a single data set by exhaustively searching -- perhaps for combinations of variables that might show a correlation , and perhaps for groups of cases or observations that show differences in their mean or in their breakdown by some other variable . Conventional tests of statistical significance are based on the probability that a particular result would arise if chance alone were at work , and necessarily accept some risk of mistaken conclusions of a certain type ( mistaken rejections of the null hypothesis ) . This level of risk is called the significance . When large numbers of tests are performed , some produce false results of this type , hence 5 % of randomly chosen hypotheses turn out to be significant at the 5 % level , 1 % turn out to be significant at the 1 % significance level , and so on , by chance alone . When enough hypotheses are tested , it is virtually certain that some will be statistically significant but misleading , since almost every data set with any degree of randomness is likely to contain ( for example ) some spurious correlations . If they are not cautious , researchers using data mining techniques can be easily misled by these results .   The multiple comparisons hazard is common in data dredging . Moreover , subgroups are sometimes explored without alerting the reader to the number of questions at issue , which can lead to misinformed conclusions .

Land , sometimes referred to as dry land , is the solid surface of Earth that is not permanently covered by water . The vast majority of human activity throughout history has occurred in land areas that support agriculture , habitat , and various natural resources . Some life forms ( including terrestrial plants and terrestrial animals ) have developed from predecessor species that lived in bodies of water .   Areas where land meets large bodies of water are called coastal zones . The division between land and water is a fundamental concept to humans . The demarcation between land and water can vary by local jurisdiction and other factors . A maritime boundary is one example of a political demarcation . A variety of natural boundaries exist to help clearly define where water meets land . Solid rock landforms are easier to demarcate than marshy or swampy boundaries , where there is no clear point at which the land ends and a body of water has begun . Demarcation can further vary due to tides and weather .

1999 Seattle WTO protests , sometimes referred to as the Battle of Seattle or the Battle in Seattle , were a series of protests surrounding the WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999 , when members of the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) convened at the Washington State Convention and Trade Center in Seattle , Washington on November 30 , 1999 . The Conference was to be the launch of a new millennial round of trade negotiations .   The negotiations were quickly overshadowed by massive and controversial street protests outside the hotels and the Washington State Convention and Trade Center , in what became the second phase of the anti-globalization movement in the United States . The protests were nicknamed `` N30 '' , on similar lines to J18 and similar mobilizations . The large scale of the demonstrations , estimated at no less than 40,000 protesters , dwarfed any previous demonstration in the United States against a world meeting of any of the organizations generally associated with economic globalization ( such as the WTO , the International Monetary Fund , or the World Bank ) .

1830 Pogson , provisional designation 1968 HA , is a main-belt asteroid discovered on April 17 , 1968 , by Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory , Switzerland . The S-type asteroid with a relatively low eccentricity of 0.05 orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.1 -- 2.3 AU every 3 years and 3 months . It had been assigned a large number of provisional designations dating back as far as 1926 .   It was named after the English astronomer Norman Pogson ( 1829 -- 1891 ) , inventor of the modern astronomical magnitude scale and discoverer of eight minor planets , including 42 Isis and 67 Asia .

( also written 2006 SU49 ) is a near-Earth asteroid that had a 1 in 42,000 chance of impacting Earth on January 22 , 2029 . By October 29 , 2006 , it was listed with a Torino Scale impact risk value of 0 . It was removed from the Sentry Risk Table on November 23 , 2006 . It is now known that on January 28 , 2029 , the asteroid will be 0.00818 AU from Earth .   It is a near-Earth asteroid that received minor attention in late September and early October 2006 because initial observations indicated a higher than usual probability that it would strike the Earth in 2029 . However , the Near-Earth Object ( NEO ) Office at NASA 's Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ) removed from its risk list as additional observations provided improved predictions that eliminated the possibility of an impact on Earth or the Moon through 2106 . Similarly , NEODyS estimates show a zero impact probability through 2080 .   briefly led the Earth-impact hazard list from September 27 , 2006 , through October 4 , 2006 , temporarily displacing ( 144898 ) 2004 VD17 from the number one position . At the time , both held a Torino scale of level 1 and were the only asteroids to hold a Torino value greater than 0 .   Even though has an Earth MOID of 0.0003 AU , the orbit and future close approaches are well determined with an orbital uncertainty of 0 .   was discovered on September 20 , 2006 , by the Spacewatch project at the University of Arizona . The object is estimated at 380 meters in diameter with a mass of about 7.3 kg .

In physiology , dead space is the volume of air which is inhaled that does not take part in the gas exchange , either because it ( 1 ) remains in the conducting airways , or ( 2 ) reaches alveoli that are not perfused or poorly perfused . In other words , not all the air in each breath is available for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide . Mammals breathe in and out of their lungs , wasting that part of the inspiration which remains in the conducting airways where no gas exchange can occur .   Benefits do accrue to a seemingly ( but not actually ) `` wasteful '' design for ventilation that includes dead space .  Carbon dioxide is retained , making a bicarbonate-buffered blood and interstitium possible .  Inspired air is brought to body temperature , increasing the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen , improving O2 uptake .  Particulate matter is trapped on the mucus that lines the conducting airways , allowing its removal by mucociliary transport .  Inspired air is humidified , improving the quality of airway mucus .   In humans , about a third of every resting breath has no change in O2 and CO2 levels . In adults , it is usually in the range of 150 mL .   Dead space can be increased ( and better envisioned ) by breathing through a long tube , such as a snorkel . Even though one end of the snorkel is open to the air , when the wearer breathes in , they inhale a significant quantity of air that remained in the snorkel from the previous exhalation . Thus , a snorkel increases the person 's dead space by adding even more `` airway '' that does n't participate in gas exchange .

Resource depletion is the consumption of a resource faster than it can be replenished . Natural resources are commonly divided between renewable resources and non-renewable resources ( see also mineral resource classification ) . Use of either of these forms of resources beyond their rate of replacement is considered to be resource depletion .   Resource depletion is most commonly used in reference to farming , fishing , mining , water usage , and consumption of fossil fuels .

A lateral eruption , also called a flank eruption or lateral blast if explosive , is a volcanic eruption that takes place on the flanks of a volcano instead of at the summit . Lateral eruptions are typical at rift zones where a volcano is breaking apart . Since it is easier for molten rock to flow laterally out the sides of weak flanks , the flank gives way before magma is pushed up through a conduit that feeds magma to the summit . These features are commonly found at shield volcanoes and produce basaltic lava flows and cinder cones .   Lateral blasts are understood to be created by immediate decompression of a magma chamber lying not far below the flanks of a volcano . This occurred during the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in the U.S. state of Washington , and also along the base or flanks of Mount Pelée 's lava dome during its 1902 eruption on the northern tip of the French overseas department of Martinique in the Lesser Antilles island arc of the Caribbean . As was observed during the Mount St. Helens eruption , the rapid decompression of magma coupled with the subsidence of the mountain flank can briefly subject the surrounding landscape to the full explosive force of the volcano , directed laterally , or diagonally , instead of vertically . Though only lasting a few seconds , this direct lateral exposure to the explosive forces , along with subsequent pyroclastic flows and lahars , scours out an area of devastation originating from the volcano roughly in the shape of a cone that can span hundreds of square kilometers . Areas close to the volcano are generally sterilized , with damage becoming gradually less severe further away from the volcano .

Dendrochronology ( or tree-ring dating ) is the scientific method of dating tree rings ( also called growth rings ) to the exact year they were formed in order to analyze atmospheric conditions during different periods in history . Dendrochronology is useful for determining the timing of events and rates of change in the environment ( most prominently climate ) and also in works of art and architecture , such as old panel paintings on wood , buildings , etc. . It is also used in radiocarbon dating to calibrate radiocarbon ages .   New growth in trees occurs in a layer of cells near the bark . A tree 's growth rate changes in a predictable pattern throughout the year in response to seasonal climate changes , resulting in visible growth rings . Each ring marks a complete cycle of seasons , or one year , in the tree 's life . , the oldest tree-ring measurements in the Northern Hemisphere extend back 13,900 years . Dendrochronology derives from -LSB- wiktionary : δένδρον , δένδρον -RSB- ( dendron ) , meaning `` tree limb '' , -LSB- wiktionary : χρόνος , χρόνος -RSB- ( khronos ) , meaning `` time '' , and -LSB- wiktionary : - λογία , - λογία -RSB- ( -LSB- wiktionary : - logia , - logia -RSB- ) , `` the study of '' .


Question: Nonetheless, after 1998, there's been minimal temperature rise despite ongoing escalation in CO2 discharges.

 Recent Trends in Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations
Despite increasing levels of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere through various human activities, notably burning fossil fuels and deforestation, observations post-1998 suggest a slowdown in observed global temperatures rises relative to earlier decades. Although there was substantial scientific consensus linking rising average global temperatures directly to escalating atmospheric CO2 content throughout much of the twentieth century, recent data indicates less pronounced warming trends despite unabated increases in greenhouse gases.
Carbon dioxide remains ubiquitous within earth’s environment; existing both naturally occurring – sourced largely from volcanic eruptions, thermal vents alongside being liberated chemically from sedimentary rock formations interacting with aqueous solutions containing acidic compounds–as well artificially generated pollutants emanating predominantly but not exclusively from industrialized societies' reliance upon hydrocarbon-based power generation systems. Its solubility facilitates widespread distribution across terrestrial ecosystems where it serves pivotal roles underpinning biological productivity cycles centered around plant photosynthesis mechanisms yielding essential biomolecules necessary supporting complex trophic networks sustaining myriad forms animalia dependent upon oxygenation facilitated indirectly through chlorophyll-mediated reactions converting radiant solar energies into stored biochemical potentialities manifesting observable macroscopic outcomes viz., vegetative biomass accruals etcetera...
Conversely, cellular respiration pathways characteristic amongst eukaryotic lineages yield corresponding quantities CO_2 molecules released back into ambient surroundings thereby completing cyclical metabolic exchanges integral maintaining ecological balance characterized homeostasis equilibrium states achieved dynamically interplaying biogeochemical fluxes traversing lithosphere-atmosphere-ocean interfaces... Moreover, microbial decomposition processes catalyze rapid turnover rates associated labile organic matter pools contributing significantly net annual C-flux budgets calculated globally speaking...
Anthropogenically derived CO\(_{2}\) inputs however represent novel perturbations impacting traditional geochemical cycling dynamics hitherto unencountered evolutionary timescales thus posing considerable challenges contemporary conservation biology paradigms tasked safeguarding planetary health amidst accelerating anthropocentric modification regimes... Notwithstanding aforementioned considerations regarding deleterious consequences arising unchecked GHG accumulation scenarios, industrially manipulated CO₂ finds applications spanning diverse sectors ranging petrochemical refining operations utilizing high-pressure injection techniques enhance crude extraction efficiencies, food processing industries leveraging cryogenic freezing technologies preserve perishable commodities extended periods without compromising quality attributes thereof, beverage manufacturing enterprises incorporating artificial carbonation procedures impart desired fizzy characteristics soft drinks & alcohols alike plus many more besides!
Ultimately though, overarching concern revolves around mounting evidence implicating anthropomorphised CO\_two discharges exacerbating pre-existing climatic instabilities manifested increasingly erratic

Labiaplasty ( also known as labioplasty , labia minora reduction , and labial reduction ) is a plastic surgery procedure for altering the labia minora ( inner labia ) and the labia majora ( outer labia ) , the folds of skin surrounding the human vulva . There are two main categories of women seeking cosmetic genital surgery : those with congenital conditions such as intersex , and those with no underlying condition who experience physical discomfort or wish to alter the appearance of their genitals because they believe they do not fall within a normal range .   The size , colour , and shape of labia vary significantly , and may change as a result of childbirth , aging and other events . Conditions addressed by labiaplasty include congenital defects and abnormalities such as vaginal atresia ( absent vaginal passage ) , Müllerian agenesis ( malformed uterus and fallopian tubes ) , intersex conditions ( male and female sexual characteristics in a person ) ; and tearing and stretching of the labia minora caused by childbirth , accident and age . In a male-to-female sexual reassignment vaginoplasty for the creation of a neovagina , labiaplasty creates labia where once there were none .   A 2008 study in the Journal of Sexual Medicine reported that 32 per cent of women who underwent the procedure did so to correct a functional impairment ; 31 per cent to correct a functional impairment and for aesthetic reasons ; and 37 per cent for aesthetic reasons alone . According to a 2011 review , also in the Journal of Sexual Medicine , overall patient satisfaction is in the 90 -- 95 percent range . Risks include permanent scarring , infections , bleeding , irritation , and nerve damage leading to increased or decreased sensitivity . A change in requirements of publicly funded Australian plastic surgery requiring women to be told about natural variation in labias led to a 28 % reduction in the numbers of surgeries performed . Unlike public hospitals , cosmetic surgeons in private practise are not required to follow these rules , and critics say that `` unscrupulous '' providers are charging to perform the procedure on women who would n't want it if they had more information .   Images of vulvae are absent from the popular media and advertising and do n't appear in some anatomy textbooks , while community opposition to sex education limits the access that young women have to information about natural variation in labias . Many women have limited knowledge of vulval anatomy , and are unable to say what a `` normal '' vulva looks like .   At the same time , many pornographic images of women 's genitals are digitally manipulated , changing the size and shape of the labia to fit with the censorship standards in different countries . The Observer wrote in 2011 that some medical researchers raised concerns about the procedure and its increasing prevalence rates , with some speculating that exposure to pornography images on the Internet may lead to body dissatisfaction in some women . However , the researchers noted that research evidence for this speculation was lacking .

Reye syndrome is a rapidly progressive encephalopathy . Symptoms may include vomiting , personality changes , confusion , seizures , and loss of consciousness . Even though liver toxicity typically occurs , yellowish skin usually does not . Death occurs in 20 -- 40 % of those affected and about a third of those who survive are left with a significant degree of brain damage .   The cause of Reye syndrome is unknown . It usually begins shortly after recovery from a viral infection , such as influenza or chickenpox . About 90 % of cases are associated with aspirin ( salicylate ) use in children . Inborn errors of metabolism are also a risk factor . Changes on blood tests may include a high blood ammonia level , low blood sugar level , and prolonged prothrombin time . Often the liver is enlarged .   Prevention is typically by avoiding the use of aspirin in children . When aspirin was withdrawn for use in children a decrease of more than 90 % in rates of Reye syndrome was seen . Early diagnosis improves outcomes . Treatment is supportive . Mannitol may be used to help with the brain swelling .   The first detailed description of Reye syndrome was in 1963 by Douglas Reye . Children are most commonly affected . It affects less than one in a million children a year . The general recommendation to use aspirin in children was withdrawn because of Reye syndrome , with use of aspirin only recommended in Kawasaki disease .

Retching ( also known as dry heaving ) is the reverse movement ( peristalsis ) of the stomach and esophagus without vomiting . It can be caused by bad smell or choking , or by withdrawal from some medications after vomiting stops . Retching can also occur as a result of an emotional response or from stress , which produces the same physical reaction . The function is thought to be mixing gastric contents with intestinal refluxate in order to buffer the former and give it momentum in preparation of vomiting . Treatments include medication and correction of the fluid and electrolyte balance .

Diana , Princess of Wales ( Diana Frances ; née Spencer ; 1 July 1961 -- 31 August 1997 ) , was the first wife of Charles , Prince of Wales , who is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II .   Diana was born into a family of British nobility with royal ancestry and was the fourth child and third daughter of John Spencer , Viscount Althorp , and the Honourable Frances Roche . She grew up in Park House , situated on the Sandringham estate , and was educated in England and Switzerland . In 1975 , after her father inherited the title of Earl Spencer , she became known as Lady Diana Spencer . She came to prominence in February 1981 when her engagement to Prince Charles was announced .   Her wedding to the Prince of Wales was held at St Paul 's Cathedral on 29 July 1981 and reached a global television audience of over 750 million people . During her marriage , Diana bore the titles Princess of Wales , Duchess of Cornwall , Duchess of Rothesay , and Countess of Chester . The marriage produced two sons , the princes William and Harry , who were then respectively second and third in the line of succession to the British throne . As Princess of Wales , Diana undertook royal duties on behalf of the Queen and represented her at functions overseas . She was celebrated for her charity work and for her support of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines . She was involved with dozens of charities including London 's Great Ormond Street Hospital for children , of which she was president from 1989 .   Diana remained the object of worldwide media scrutiny during and after her marriage , which ended in divorce on 28 August 1996 . Media attention and public mourning were extensive after her death in a car crash in Paris on 31 August 1997 and subsequent televised funeral .

The respiratory system ( called also respiratory apparatus , ventilatory system ) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for the process of respiration in an organism . The respiratory system is involved in the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment .   In air-breathing vertebrates like human beings , respiration takes place in the respiratory organs called lungs . The passage of air into the lungs to supply the body with oxygen is known as inhalation , and the passage of air out of the lungs to expel carbon dioxide is known as exhalation ; this process is collectively called breathing or ventilation . In humans and other mammals , the anatomical features of the respiratory system include trachea , bronchi , bronchioles , lungs , and diaphragm . Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged , by diffusion , between the gaseous external environment and the blood . This exchange process occurs in the alveoli ( air sacs ) in the lungs .   In fish and many invertebrates , respiration takes place through the gills . Other animals , such as insects , have respiratory systems with very simple anatomical features , and in amphibians even the skin plays a vital role in gas exchange . Plants also have respiratory systems but the directionality of gas exchange can be opposite to that in animals . The respiratory system in plants also includes anatomical features such as holes on the undersides of leaves known as stomata .

0898 Beautiful South , also referred to as 0898 , is the third studio album by English band The Beautiful South . After the success of their previous work over 1989 -- 1991 , the band hired prolific record producer Jon Kelly and recorded the album at AIR Studios in London . The album contains a more `` musuclar '' yet sometimes more sombre sound than their previous albums , although still entirely retains lyricist Paul Heaton 's witty and bitter lyrical style . The album `` deals in fragile melodies and harmonies , soulful but low-key instrumentation , and lyrics full of subtle social commentary and humour . '' The abum title refers to the 0898 premium rate dialling code associated with sex hotlines in the UK at the time .   The album was released in March 1992 by the band 's record label Go ! Discs . Four singles were released from the album , two of them prior to its release ; `` Old Red Eyes Is Back '' , `` We Are Each Other '' , `` Bell Bottomed Tear '' and `` 36D '' . It reached number 4 on the UK Album Chart , unlike their previous two albums which reached number 2 ; the record company blamed this on the cover which showed ladies ' faces on the back of terrapins ' shells . While the first two singles - `` Old Red Eyes Is Back '' and `` We Are Each Other '' - charted in the UK at # 22 and # 30 respectively , third single `` Bell Bottomed Tear '' was the only Top 20 hit from the album , reaching # 16 . `` 36D '' was a relative disappointment after this success , only managing # 46 in the singles charts . `` We Are Each Other '' was also a success on American alternative rock radio and peaked at # 10 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart in 1992 . It was the band 's biggest hit in the United States .   The album was a critical success , with reviewers praising its production , lyrics and distinct tone , although some critics recognize the album as being underrated . The album appeared on numerous lists of the best albums of 1992 ; Vox ranked it 18th , NME ranked it 44th and Robert Christgau placed it 53rd . The album was certified `` Gold '' by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) for sales of over 200,000 copies .

198 ( one hundred -LSB- and -RSB- ninety-eight ) is the natural number following 197 and preceding 199 .

Decapitation is the complete separation of the head from the body . Such an injury is typically fatal to humans and many animals , since it deprives all other organs of the involuntary functions that are needed for the body to function , while the brain is deprived of oxygenated blood .   The term beheading refers to the act of deliberately decapitating a person , either as a means of murder or execution ; it may be accomplished , for example , with an axe , sword , knife , or by other more sophisticated means such as a guillotine . An executioner who carries out executions by beheading is called a headsman . Accidental decapitation can be the result of an explosion , car or industrial accident , improperly administered execution by hanging or other violent injury . Suicide by decapitation is rare but not unknown . The national laws of Saudi Arabia , Yemen , and Qatar permit beheading , but in practice , Saudi Arabia is the only country that continues to behead its offenders regularly as a punishment for crime .   Less commonly , decapitation can also refer to the removal of the head from a body that is already dead . This might be done to take the head as a trophy , for public display , to make the deceased more difficult to identify , for cryonics , or for other , more esoteric reasons .

Dignitas Personae is the title of a 2008 instruction by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith giving doctrinal directives on certain embryonic ethical controversies that had emerged since 1987 , after Donum Vitae was released .   The document takes a critical stance against selective reduction , prenatal diagnosis , preimplantation diagnosis , in vitro fertilization , cryopreservation , embryo transfer , genetic engineering , embryo donation , which have been criticized as unethical by pro-life ethicists because they provoke the termination of embryonic cell reproduction .   The doctrinal material is not only addressed to Catholic couples , but also to pharmacists , doctors , ethicists , theologians , politicians and industrialists so that they may try to tackle these issues together . Other related documents , such as Humanae Vitae , were also written for a wide variety of individuals and specialists on the matter .   Dignitas Personae also reiterates Church opposition to contraception and abortion , mentioning new methods of birth control such as female condoms and the morning-after pill .

Oceania is a region centered on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean . Conceptions of what constitutes Oceania vary , with it being defined in various ways , often geopolitically or geographically . In the geopolitical conception used by the United Nations , International Olympic Committee , and many atlases , the Oceanic region includes Australia and the nations of the Pacific from Papua New Guinea east , but not the Malay Archipelago or Indonesian New Guinea . The term is sometimes used more specifically to denote Australasia as a geographic continent ,  or biogeographically as a synonym for either the Australasian ecozone ( Wallacea and Australasia ) or the Pacific ecozone ( Melanesia , Polynesia , and Micronesia apart either from New Zealand or from mainland New Guinea ) .   Although Christmas Island and the Cocos ( Keeling ) Islands belong to the Commonwealth of Australia and are inhabited , they are nearer Indonesia than the Australian mainland , and are commonly associated with Asia instead of Oceania .


Question: Nevertheless, after 1998, there's been minimal temperature rise amidst an ongoing surge in CO2 discharges.

 Stabilizing Climate Change Amidst Rising Carbon Emissions
Since 1998, observations indicate minimal increases in global temperatures amidst escalating carbon dioxide levels—a paradox challenging conventional expectations. Despite continuous emission hikes—primarily stemming from burning fossil fuels and land use changes—the anticipated rise in planetary warmth appears subdued compared to projections. Scientists attribute this phenomenon partly to natural variability masking short-term trends; however, long-term impacts remain alarming. Atmospheric CO₂ concentrations soared approximately 40% post-Industrial Revolution—from pre-industrial era’s baseline around 280 parts per million (ppm) up until recent measurements exceeding 406 ppm. These figures underscore humanity’s significant imprint on Earth’s chemical composition. Activities like energy generation through coal, petroleum derivatives, and agricultural practices significantly contribute to anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases. If unabated, experts warn that persistent discharge might trigger irreversible ecological disruptions by mid-century, jeopardizing both terrestrial stability and societal welfare globally. Projections hint crossing critical thresholds earlier than expected, possibly breaching international safety benchmarks set forth under UN frameworks aiming to curb hazardous degrees Celsius increments beyond historic norms.

This response maintains comparable structure, vocabulary sophistication, and thematic coherence relative to your original request while addressing identical relational dynamics between statement assertion and textual elaboration concerning contemporary climate discourse centered around apparent discrepancies linking observed temperature fluctuations against mounting anthropocentric pollutant discharges.

RealClimate is a commentary site ( blog ) on climatology . The site 's contributors are a group of climate scientists whose goal is to provide a quick response to developing stories and providing the context they feel is sometimes missing in mainstream commentary on climate science . The forum is moderated , and is restricted to scientific topics to avoid discussion of political or economic implications of the science . RealClimate was launched on 10 December 2004 by nine climate scientists .

The 1988 -- 89 season was the 97th season in Liverpool F.C. 's existence , and was their 26th consecutive year in the First Division , and covers the period from 20 August 1988 to 26 May 1989 .   The season was overshadowed by the Hillsborough disaster on 15 April 1989 . 94 of the club 's fans died that day in a crush on the terraces in the semi-final of the FA Cup ; a 95th fan died three days later and the death toll eventually reached 96 nearly four years later when another fan died having never regained consciousness .   Liverpool won the rescheduled FA Cup semi-final and went on to win the trophy by beating Everton 3-2 in the final , but were then denied the double for the second season running in even more dramatic fashion than the previous season , when a last minute Arsenal goal gave the visitors a 2-0 win at Anfield and sent the league title to Highbury on goals scored . They had spent much of the season on the fringes of the title race , frequently led by Arsenal and underdogs including Norwich City , Coventry City and newly promoted Millwall , but a late surge in form had seen them cruise back to the top of the league by the time of the penultimate league game .

Dendrochronology ( or tree-ring dating ) is the scientific method of dating tree rings ( also called growth rings ) to the exact year they were formed in order to analyze atmospheric conditions during different periods in history . Dendrochronology is useful for determining the timing of events and rates of change in the environment ( most prominently climate ) and also in works of art and architecture , such as old panel paintings on wood , buildings , etc. . It is also used in radiocarbon dating to calibrate radiocarbon ages .   New growth in trees occurs in a layer of cells near the bark . A tree 's growth rate changes in a predictable pattern throughout the year in response to seasonal climate changes , resulting in visible growth rings . Each ring marks a complete cycle of seasons , or one year , in the tree 's life . , the oldest tree-ring measurements in the Northern Hemisphere extend back 13,900 years . Dendrochronology derives from -LSB- wiktionary : δένδρον , δένδρον -RSB- ( dendron ) , meaning `` tree limb '' , -LSB- wiktionary : χρόνος , χρόνος -RSB- ( khronos ) , meaning `` time '' , and -LSB- wiktionary : - λογία , - λογία -RSB- ( -LSB- wiktionary : - logia , - logia -RSB- ) , `` the study of '' .

Dignitas Personae is the title of a 2008 instruction by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith giving doctrinal directives on certain embryonic ethical controversies that had emerged since 1987 , after Donum Vitae was released .   The document takes a critical stance against selective reduction , prenatal diagnosis , preimplantation diagnosis , in vitro fertilization , cryopreservation , embryo transfer , genetic engineering , embryo donation , which have been criticized as unethical by pro-life ethicists because they provoke the termination of embryonic cell reproduction .   The doctrinal material is not only addressed to Catholic couples , but also to pharmacists , doctors , ethicists , theologians , politicians and industrialists so that they may try to tackle these issues together . Other related documents , such as Humanae Vitae , were also written for a wide variety of individuals and specialists on the matter .   Dignitas Personae also reiterates Church opposition to contraception and abortion , mentioning new methods of birth control such as female condoms and the morning-after pill .

Richard Henry Carmona ( born November 22 , 1949 ) is an American physician , nurse , police officer , public health administrator , and politician . He was a vice admiral in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and served as the seventeenth Surgeon General of the United States . Appointed by President George W. Bush in 2002 , Carmona left office at the end of July 2006 upon the expiration of his term . After leaving office , Carmona was highly critical of the Bush administration for suppressing scientific findings which conflicted with the Administration 's ideological agenda .   In August 2006 , Carmona returned home to Tucson , Arizona . In November 2011 , he announced he would seek the Democratic Party 's nomination for United States Senate in the hopes of succeeding outgoing Republican Senator Jon Kyl , despite being registered as a political Independent . He lost to Republican challenger Congressman Jeff Flake .

Kuwait -LSB- kʊˈweɪt -RSB- ( الكويت , -LSB- ɪl ‿ ɪkweːt -RSB- or -LSB- - afblɪkweːt -RSB- ) , officially the State of Kuwait , is a country in Western Asia . Situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf , it shares borders with Iraq and Saudi Arabia . , Kuwait has a population of 4.2 million people ; 1.3 million are Kuwaitis and 2.9 million are expatriates . Expatriates account for 70 % of the population .   Oil reserves were discovered in 1938 . From 1946 to 1982 , the country underwent large-scale modernization . In the 1980s , Kuwait experienced a period of geopolitical instability and an economic crisis following the stock market crash . In 1990 , Kuwait was invaded by Iraq . The Iraqi occupation came to an end in 1991 after military intervention by coalition forces . At the end of the war , there were extensive efforts to revive the economy and rebuild national infrastructure .   Kuwait is a constitutional state with a semi-democratic political system . It has a high income economy backed by the world 's sixth largest oil reserves . The Kuwaiti dinar is the highest valued currency in the world . According to the World Bank , the country has the fourth highest per capita income in the world . The Constitution was promulgated in 1962 . Kuwait is home to the largest opera house in the Middle East . In the Arab world , Kuwait is frequently dubbed the `` Hollywood of the Gulf '' due to the popularity of its soap operas and theatre .

The Lavoisier Group is an Australian organisation formed by politicians and dominated by retired industrial businesspeople and engineers . It does not accept the science of global warming and works to influence attitudes of policy makers and politicians . The organisation downplays the risk of the effects of global warming , rejects the scientific conclusion that human activity causes it , and opposes policies designed to curtail it . Some members regard climate change as a `` scam . ''   The group was named after French scientist Antoine Lavoisier ( 1743-1794 ) , the father of modern chemistry who disproved the Phlogiston theory of combustion .

David John Cawdell Irving ( born 24 March 1938 ) is an English Holocaust denier and author who has written on the military and political history of World War II , with a focus on Nazi Germany . His works include The Destruction of Dresden ( 1963 ) , Hitler 's War ( 1977 ) , Churchill 's War ( 1987 ) , and Goebbels : Mastermind of the Third Reich ( 1996 ) . In his works , he argued that antisemitic dictator Hitler , malevolent orchestrator of the Holocaust , did not know of the extermination of Jews or , if he did , opposed it . Though Irving 's revisionist views of World War II were never taken seriously by mainstream historians , he was once recognised for his knowledge of Nazi Germany and his ability to unearth new historical documents .   Irving marginalized himself in 1988 when , based on his reading of the pseudoscientific Leuchter report , he began to espouse Holocaust denial , specifically denying that Jews were murdered by gassing at the Auschwitz extermination camp .   Irving 's reputation as an historian was discredited when , in the course of an unsuccessful libel case he filed against the American historian Deborah Lipstadt and Penguin Books , he was shown to have deliberately misrepresented historical evidence to promote Holocaust denial . The English court found that Irving was an active Holocaust denier , antisemite , and racist , who `` for his own ideological reasons persistently and deliberately misrepresented and manipulated historical evidence '' . In addition , the court found that Irving 's books had distorted the history of Adolf Hitler 's role in the Holocaust to depict Hitler in a favourable light .

The 1997 Atlantic hurricane season was a below average season and is the most recent season to feature no tropical cyclones in August -- typically one of the most active months . The season officially began on June 1 , and lasted until November 30 . These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin . The 1997 season was inactive , with only seven named storms forming , with an additional tropical depression and an unnumbered subtropical storm . It was the first time since the 1961 season that there were no active tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin during the entire month of August . A strong El Niño is credited with reducing the number of storms in the Atlantic , while increasing the number of storms in the Eastern and Western Pacific basin to 19 and 29 storms , respectively . As is common in El Niño years , tropical cyclogenesis was suppressed in the tropical latitudes , with only two becoming tropical storms south of 25 ° N.   The first system , an operationally unnoticed subtropical storm , developed north of The Bahamas on June 1 and dissipated by the following day without impact . Tropical Storm Ana developed offshore South Carolina on June 30 and dissipated on July 4 , after causing minor affects in North Carolina . Hurricane Bill was a short-lived storm between that lasted from July 11 to July 13 and produced light rainfall in Newfoundland . As Bill as dissipating , Tropical Storm Claudette developed and caused rough seas in North Carolina . The most devastating storm was Hurricane Danny , which caused extensive flooding , particularly in southern Alabama . Danny resulted in 9 fatalities and about $ 100 million ( 1997 USD ) in damage . The outerbands of Hurricane Erika brought rough seas and gusty winds to the Lesser Antilles , causing two deaths and $ 10 million in losses . The precursor to Tropical Storm Grace caused minor flooding in Puerto Rico . Tropical Depression Five and Tropical Storms Fabian did not impact land . Collectively , the storms of the 1997 Atlantic hurricane season resulted in 12 fatalities and approximately $ 111.46 million in damage .

The meridian 138 ° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean , Asia , the Pacific Ocean , Australasia , the Indian Ocean , the Southern Ocean , and Antarctica to the South Pole .   The 138th meridian east forms a great circle with the 42nd meridian west .   In Australia , the border between the Northern Territory and Queensland approximates the meridian . The border runs north from Poeppel Corner at a bearing of 359 ° 59 ' 30 '' , reaching the Gulf of Gulf of Carpentaria several hundred metres west of the meridian .


Question: Nevertheless, after 1998, there's been minimal temperature rise despite ongoing escalation in CO2 discharges.

 Recent Trends in Global Temperature Rise Amid Rising Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Despite continuous increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations post-1998, observations indicate a slowdown in global warming trends compared to previous decades. Scientists refer to this phenomenon as the "global warming hiatus," where despite unabated greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide, there was relatively less warming recorded until recently.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) acknowledges fluctuations within longer-term warming trends yet maintains that human activities remain the predominant factor behind overall climate change. Anthropogenic influences, chiefly through burning fossil fuels, contribute significantly to elevated greenhouse gas levels. Projections suggest continued warming throughout the 21st century under various scenarios, ranging from minimal additional warming if stringent measures reduce emissions, up to substantial rises without intervention.

Regional variations in impact severity highlight complex outcomes across different parts of the world. Expected consequences encompass higher temperatures globally; accelerated sea-level ascent; altered precipitation patterns; desertification spread into temperate zones; increased frequency of severe weather phenomena—heatwaves, droughts, intense rainfalls, flooding, heavy snowstorms—and ecological disruptions leading to species endangerment. Agricultural productivity risks jeopardize food supplies, whereas coastal regions face displacement challenges owing to inundation threats. Due to inherent lag times in climate response mechanisms coupled with persistent GHG lifespans, repercussions endure far beyond initial causative actions' cessation points spanning millennia ahead.

Mitigation strategies targeting reduced emissions alongside adaptive measures enhancing resilience against anticipated alterations represent viable pathways forward. International cooperation embodied within frameworks akin to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), advocates profound reductions aiming for stabilization near historical baselines (<2°C). Heightened public awareness regarding implications catalyzes demand for urgent action evidenced via surveys indicating widespread recognition (>50%) concerning gravity thereof albeit displaying geographical disparities notably amongst US & China contributors to foremost contemporary CO2 outputs.

This synopsis encapsulates pivotal facets surrounding recent developments juxtaposing heightened CO2 discharges vis-a-vis decelerating thermal escalations underscoring intricate interplay governing planetary thermodynamics amidst escalating anthropocentric pressures exerted upon finite biospheric boundaries.

Diana , Princess of Wales ( Diana Frances ; née Spencer ; 1 July 1961 -- 31 August 1997 ) , was the first wife of Charles , Prince of Wales , who is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II .   Diana was born into a family of British nobility with royal ancestry and was the fourth child and third daughter of John Spencer , Viscount Althorp , and the Honourable Frances Roche . She grew up in Park House , situated on the Sandringham estate , and was educated in England and Switzerland . In 1975 , after her father inherited the title of Earl Spencer , she became known as Lady Diana Spencer . She came to prominence in February 1981 when her engagement to Prince Charles was announced .   Her wedding to the Prince of Wales was held at St Paul 's Cathedral on 29 July 1981 and reached a global television audience of over 750 million people . During her marriage , Diana bore the titles Princess of Wales , Duchess of Cornwall , Duchess of Rothesay , and Countess of Chester . The marriage produced two sons , the princes William and Harry , who were then respectively second and third in the line of succession to the British throne . As Princess of Wales , Diana undertook royal duties on behalf of the Queen and represented her at functions overseas . She was celebrated for her charity work and for her support of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines . She was involved with dozens of charities including London 's Great Ormond Street Hospital for children , of which she was president from 1989 .   Diana remained the object of worldwide media scrutiny during and after her marriage , which ended in divorce on 28 August 1996 . Media attention and public mourning were extensive after her death in a car crash in Paris on 31 August 1997 and subsequent televised funeral .

David Andrew Newington Epstein ( born 9 January 1963 ) is an Australian public affairs specialist and corporate executive adviser .   He was educated at The Geelong College , Australian National University , and The Wharton School ( UPenn ) .   Epstein began his career as a political adviser , serving as Private Secretary to John Dawkins in the Employment , Education and Training portfolio , where he was involved in the campaign to introduce Australia 's Higher Education Contribution Scheme ( HECS ) , then as Director of the Ministerial Media Group and National Media Liaison Service for Australian Labor Party politicians Bob Hawke and Paul Keating during their terms as Prime Minister of Australia . He was then Chief of Staff to the Leader of the Federal Opposition Kim Beazley .   In 1999 , he left politics to head both the Australian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers ' Association and Australian Telecommunications Industry Association . He was then recruited to Macquarie Corporate Telecommunications , to whom he remained an adviser after becoming a partner and Director of Government Relations Australia , a corporate advisory firm   In June 2007 , he was appointed Chief of Staff and Principal Adviser to Australian Labor Party politician Kevin Rudd , first heading the Office of the Leader of the Opposition , then the Prime Minister 's Office . US State Department officials reported on his `` significant '' role in the Australian Labor Party campaign during the 2007 Australian Federal Election . In 2008 he was ranked second in the Australian Financial Review 's Covert Power list .   Epstein was appointed Group Executive for Government and Corporate Affairs at Qantas Airways Limited in 2008 , and served on the Qantas Executive Committee . While at Qantas he managed the company 's public response to the QF32 engine explosion incident , later attracting recognition from the pilot of the aircraft . Reportedly , he was also involved in negotiating the release of Jetstar executives in Vietnam in the wake of Jetstar Pacific losing $ US31 million on disputed fuel-hedging contracts in 2008 .   Epstein was recruited to BHP Billiton in late 2010 by CEO Marius Kloppers , to a new role as company 's Head of Group Public Affairs . This was speculated to be part of a response to the failure of $ US40 billion bid for Potash Corp following a backlash over foreign ownership from Canadian politicians .   During Epstein 's tenure , BHP Billiton overtook Microsoft in size , by market capitalization , and reported a $ 22 billion annual profit . He left this role in September 2011 , but remains a strategy and public affairs adviser to companies and is currently Vice President of Corporate and Regulatory Affairs for Singtel Optus .   David Epstein is a board member of Opera Australia , TIO Limited , the European Australian Business Council , the Committee for Sydney and The Asia Society Australia Centre , as well as a Councillor of Creative Partnerships Australia .

The Koehler Depressing Carriage was a novel type of gun carriage invented in 1782 by Lt George Frederick Koehler of the Royal Artillery . It was devised to enable cannons to be fired at a steeply downward-facing angle and was made necessary by the peculiar circumstances that the British Army faced during the Great Siege of Gibraltar between 1779 -- 83 . The carriage saw active service during the siege , when it was used to support the British counter-bombardment of Spanish and French artillery batteries during the successful defence of Gibraltar . Its success made Koehler famous and has been commemorated in a number of different forms over the last 230 years .

Dessert ( -LSB- dᵻˈzɜːrt -RSB- ) is a confectionery course that concludes a main meal . The course usually consists of sweet foods and beverages , such as dessert wine or liqueurs , but may include coffee , cheeses , nuts , or other savory items . In some parts of the world , such as much of central and western Africa , and most parts of China , there is no tradition of a dessert course to conclude a meal .   The term `` dessert '' can apply to many confections , such as cakes , tarts , cookies , biscuits , gelatins , pastries , ice creams , pies , puddings , custards , and sweet soups . Fruit is also commonly found in dessert courses because of its naturally occurring sweetness . Some cultures sweeten foods that are more commonly savory to create desserts .

Radiation is a process in which a body emits energy that propagates through a medium , or through empty space , to be absorbed by other bodies . Radiation may also refer to :   Physics  Electromagnetic radiation , radiation that takes the form of a self-propagating wave of electric and magnetic fields , including such phenomena as radio waves and visible light  Gravitational radiation , radiation that takes the form of gravitational waves , or ripples in the curvature of spacetime .  Ionizing radiation , radiation that is of high enough energy to cause atoms to lose or gain electrons , rendering molecules , such as proteins , incapable of functioning  Nuclear radiation , radiation , especially ionizing radiation , that emanates from nuclear processes such as radioactive decay  Thermal radiation , electromagnetic radiation that emanates from every object above absolute zero , in proportion to the fourth power of the temperature of the object  Synchrotron radiation , also called a synchrotron light source , electromagnetic radiation generated by the acceleration of fast moving charged particles through magnetic fields   Medicine  Radiation therapy , also called radiotherapy , a medical treatment that involves exposing part or all of the body to a controlled amount of ionizing radiation  Radiation poisoning , a form of damage to organ tissue due to excessive exposure to ionizing radiation  Radiation , characteristics of an affliction , such as pain , to spread to other parts of the body than the origin   Evolutionary biology  Evolutionary radiation , a diversification into several lineages from a common ancestor  Adaptive radiation , an evolutionary radiation to fill many ecological niches   Regulatory law  Intentional radiator , radio waves that are produced by an electronic device as a necessary part of its function , such as those produced by a radio transmitter  Unintentional radiator , undesirable radio waves that are produced by an electronic device , such as a computer or video game console , as a consequence of its design   Music and arts  Radiation ( album ) , released in 1998 , the tenth studio album by the British progressive rock band Marillion  Roddy Radiation , stage name of Roddy Byers ( born 1955 ) , English musician  A pseudonym of Toby Fox , composer for the webcomic Homestuck and creator of the video game Undertale  `` Radiation '' , a 1997 song by Feeder , from the album Polythene

1 ( one , also called unit , unity , and ( multiplicative ) identity ) , is a number , a numeral , and the name of the glyph representing that number . It represents a single entity , the unit of counting or measurement . For example , a line segment of unit length is a line segment of length 1 . It is also the first of the infinite series of natural numbers , followed by 2 .

The 1998 -- 2002 Argentine Great Depression was an economic depression in Argentina , which began in the third quarter of 1998 and lasted until the second quarter of 2002 . It almost immediately followed the 1974 -- 1990 Great Depression after a brief period of rapid economic growth .   The depression , which began after the Russian and Brazilian financial crises , caused widespread unemployment , riots , the fall of the government , a default on the country 's foreign debt , the rise of alternative currencies and the end of the peso 's fixed exchange rate to the US dollar .  The economy shrank by 28 percent from 1998 to 2002 . In terms of income , over 50 percent of Argentines were poor and 25 percent , indigent ; seven out of ten Argentine children were poor at the depth of the crisis in 2002 .   By the first half of 2003 , however , GDP growth had returned , surprising economists and the business media , and the economy grew by an average of 9 % for five years .   Argentina 's GDP exceeded pre-crisis levels by 2005 , and Argentine debt restructuring that year were resumed payments on most of its defaulted bonds ; a second debt restructuring in 2010 brought the percentage of bonds out of default to 93 % , though holdout lawsuits led by vulture funds remained ongoing . Bondholders who participated in the restructuring have been paid punctually and have seen the value of their bonds rise . Argentina repaid its International Monetary Fund loans in full in 2006 , but had a long dispute with the 7 % of bond-holders left . In April 2016 Argentina came out of the default when the new government decided to repay the country 's debt , paying the full amount to the vulture/hedge funds .

Events from the year 1987 in the United Kingdom . At the beginning of the year , the Archbishop of Canterbury 's envoy Terry Waite was kidnapped in Lebanon and remained a hostage until 1991 . The major political event of this year was the re-election of Margaret Thatcher in June , making her the longest continuously serving Prime Minister since Lord Liverpool in the early 19th century . The year was also marked by a number of disasters -- the sinking of the ferry MS Herald of Free Enterprise , the Hungerford massacre , the `` Great Storm '' , the Remembrance Day Bombing and the King 's Cross fire .

Richard A. Muller ( born January 6 , 1944 ) is an American physicist and professor of physics at the University of California , Berkeley . He is also a faculty senior scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory . Most recently , in early 2010 , Muller and his daughter Elizabeth founded the group Berkeley Earth , an independent 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non-profit aimed at addressing some of the major concerns of the climate change sceptics , in particular the global surface temperature record .

188 ( one hundred -LSB- and -RSB- eighty-eight ) is the natural number following 187 and preceding 189 .


Question: It outlines a grim future marked by escalating scarcities in food supplies, intensifying wildfire occurrences, and catastrophic losses of vibrant coral reef ecosystems by the midpoint of this century's fourth decade.

 Climate Change Consequences: Food Shortages, Wildfires & Coral Reefs
Climate change ushers in an era fraught with perilous challenges, threatening ecological stability and human livelihood alike. By mid-century, we could witness catastrophic phenomena if current trends persist unchecked. Intensifying droughts exacerbate food scarcity across vulnerable regions, jeopardizing agricultural yields essential for sustaining growing populations. Simultaneously, escalating temperatures amplify wildfire risks, transforming once verdant landscapes into charred wastelands within mere hours. These infernos devastate communities, decimate forests, and release vast carbon stores back into the atmosphere—further fuelling the cycle of global warming. Moreover, oceanic realms face dire consequences; coral reefs—the rainforests of the sea—are projected to suffer massive declines under relentless bleaching events triggered by warmer waters. Their demise would unravel marine biodiversity hotspots and disrupt fisheries relied upon by millions around the globe. Urgent action against anthropogenic emissions remains critical to mitigate these looming disasters and safeguard planetary health.
The interplay among diminishing rainfall patterns, soaring thermal extremes, and compromised aquatic environments underscores humanity’s urgent need to confront climate realities head-on before irreversible damage ensues. Adaptation strategies coupled with mitigation measures offer pathways forward but require immediate implementation on both local and international scales. Without concerted effort, future generations will inherit a drastically altered world where sustenance becomes scarce, fire reigns supreme, and vibrant underwater oases fade away forevermore. Let us act now to preserve what little time remains for turning tides against impending doom.

Death Valley is a desert valley located in Eastern California . It is one of the hottest places in the world at the height of summertime along with deserts in Africa and in the Middle East .   Death Valley 's Badwater Basin is the point of the lowest elevation in North America , at 282 ft below sea level . This point is 84.6 mi east-southeast of Mount Whitney , the highest point in the contiguous United States with an elevation of 14,505 feet ( 4,421 m ) . Death Valley 's Furnace Creek holds the record for the highest reliably recorded air temperature in the world , 134 ° F ( 56.7 ° C ) on July 10 , 1913 . This has been contested by other weather experts .   Located near the border of California and Nevada , in the Great Basin , east of the Sierra Nevada mountains , Death Valley constitutes much of Death Valley National Park and is the principal feature of the Mojave and Colorado Deserts Biosphere Reserve . It is located mostly in Inyo County , California . It runs from north to south between the Amargosa Range on the east and the Panamint Range on the west ; the Sylvania Mountains and the Owlshead Mountains form its northern and southern boundaries , respectively . It has an area of about 3,000 sqmi . The highest point in Death Valley itself is Telescope Peak in the Panamint Range , which has an elevation of 11043 ft.

Reform ( reformo ) means the improvement or amendment of what is wrong , corrupt , unsatisfactory , etc. . The use of the word in this way emerges in the late 18th century and is believed to originate from Christopher Wyvill 's Association movement which identified `` Parliamentary Reform '' as its primary aim .   Reform is generally distinguished from revolution . The latter means basic or radical change ; whereas reform may be no more than fine tuning , or at most redressing serious wrongs without altering the fundamentals of the system . Reform seeks to improve the system as it stands , never to overthrow it wholesale . Radicals on the other hand , seek to improve the system , but try to overthrow whether it be the government or a group of people themselves .   Rotation in office or term limits would , by contrast , be more revolutionary , in altering basic political connections between incumbents and constituents .   Developing countries may carry out a wide range of reforms to improve their living standards , often with support from international financial institutions and aid agencies . This can include reforms to macroeconomic policy , the civil service , and public financial management .   Religious Reforms are performed in religions and churches .

Korban Blake is a British multi-genre author whose work includes science fiction , horror and apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction , and a non-fiction survivalism guide , as well as poetry , and news articles . Recent works are published by Archaeopteryx Books .   Blake is also an outsider artist and displays art work in exhibitions local to the East Anglia region of the United Kingdom . Blake is also an activist and campaigner for civil liberties , human rights and environmental issues .

Redwood and Wildfire is Andrea Hairston 's second novel . It centers on the main characters Redwood and Aidan and their travel from Georgia to Chicago at the turn of the 20th century . It was published in 2011 by Aqueduct Press .