Question: The extent of territory employed primarily for livestock farming - humanity's leading cause of terrestrial appropriation –has diminished substantially, equivalent in size to almost all of Alaska. This reduction showcases a significant shift in how humans utilize natural landscapes for animal agriculture purposes.

 Land Use Reduction Due To Changing Meat Consumption Patterns

The significant decrease in land dedicated to livestock farming mirrors humanity's evolving dietary habits - notably reduced demand for meat products. Historically vast expanses were required for raising cattle, sheep, swine, and poultry; however recent trends indicate shrinking requirements akin to removing almost all Alaskan territory from agricultural usage. This transformation stems partly from increased awareness regarding health implications linked to excessive red-meat intake coupled alongside growing concerns about sustainability issues surrounding traditional methods employed during rearing phases leading up until slaughtering stages whereupon carcasses undergo processing into consumable cuts before reaching consumer markets globally through various distribution channels encompassing retail outlets ranging anywhere from local butcher shops right down onto supermarket shelves stocked full ready-to-eat packaged goods designed specifically meet individual preferences whether they prefer leaner options devoid any visible traces external fat deposits attached directly underneath skin layers covering muscles fibers themselves or fattier alternatives containing higher proportions intramuscular fats providing juiciness tenderness when cooked properly according recipes calling upon specific cooking techniques utilized throughout culinary history spanning back thousands years ago originating different cultures around world each having unique traditions concerning preparation serving meats dishes central role played meals shared amongst family members friends alike celebrating special occasions together bonding experiences fostered around dinner tables filled sumptuous feasts created lovingly hands mothers grandmothers passing knowledge skills generation next ensuring continuity heritage passed unbroken chain stretching far beyond lifetimes individuals involved creating memories last forever cherished long gone.

This phenomenon reflects broader shifts away from intensive farming practices traditionally relied upon feed burgeoning populations increasingly turning plant-based diets perceived healthier environmentally friendly alternatives capable supporting future generations without compromising ability maintain ecological balance necessary sustain life earth longer term perspective taken account planning strategies moving forward strive achieve sustainable development goals set forth international bodies aimed promoting peace prosperity people planet partnership progress partnerships public private sectors working closely collaboration achieve common objectives benefit everyone everywhere regardless race religion gender age nationality socioeconomic status disability sexual orientation political opinion social origin wealth power position authority influence privilege immunity responsibility duty obligation commitment dedication loyalty allegiance fidelity faithfulness honor integrity honesty sincerity truthfulness reliability dependability trustworthiness credibility authenticity genuineness originality uniqueness creativity innovation imagination inspiration motivation aspiration ambition drive passion enthusiasm zeal zest gusto vim vigor vitality energy force strength courage bravery heroism valor chivalry gallantry nobility magnanimity generosity kindness benevolence charity philanthropy altruism empathy compassion tolerance patience perseverance resilience tenacity grit determination resolve steadfastness constancy endurance fortitude stamina robustness hardiness ruggedness toughness gristle gumption spunk moxie pluck mettle backbone spine guts nerve spirit soul heart

Rice production in Indonesia is an important part of the national economy . Indonesia is the third-largest producer of rice in the world .   Rice was the staple food in the Indonesian diet , accounting for more than half of the calories in the average diet , and the source of livelihood for about 20 million households , or about 100 million people , in the late 1980s . Rice cultivation covered a total of around 10 million hectares throughout the archipelago , primarily on sawah . The supply and control of water is crucial to the productivity of rice land , especially when planted with high-yield seed varieties . In 1987 irrigated sawah covered 58 percent of the total cultivated area , rainfed sawah accounted for 20 percent , and ladang , or dryland cultivation , together with swamp or tidal cultivation covered the remaining 22 percent of rice cropland .

Kualoa is a 4000-acre private nature reserve and working cattle ranch , as well as a popular tourist attraction and filming location on the windward coast of Oahu in Hawaii . It is located about 24 miles from Honolulu , and 32 miles from Haleiwa . The ranch consists of 3 valleys : Kaaawa Valley , Kualoa Valley , and Hakipu'u Valley . The ranch is located on Hawaii State Route 83 between Kaaawa and Waikane . The main street address is 49-560 Kamehameha Highway , Kaneohe , Hawaii 96744 .

A land-use conflict occurs when there are conflicting views on land-use policies , such as when an increasing population creates competitive demands for the use of the land , causing a negative impact on other land uses nearby .

Landesque capital is a widespread concept used to understand anthropogenic landscapes that serve important economic , social , and ritual purposes .

Land is the eponymous first full-length album by the American group Land . Land was recorded at Jack Straw Productions in Seattle in 1994 and released by the Australian label Extreme in 1995 . All tracks were composed by Jeff Greinke with the exception of `` Shu '' , which was composed by Greinke and Dennis Rea .   Prior to Land group leader Jeff Greinke 's solo albums had been mainly heavily layered and textured ambient music . With Land Greinke 's goal `` was to push this layering technique using a four-piece band , although texture continues to be a focus . '' Chris Nickson , in his Allmusic review , describes LAND , in part , as '' ... an album that teases , tickles , grates , and always satisfies in its ambition and performance . '' and adds that Land '' ... create an organic -- if often electronic -- whole . The textures shift like waves , sometimes quietly , sometimes evoking specific places , such as the bamboo tones of China , on `` Shu . '' `` Ku '' becomes disquieting with its discordance , but overall this is quite a subdued record . ''

A land patent is an exclusive land grant made by a sovereign entity with respect to a particular tract of land . To make such a grant `` patent '' , a sovereign ( proprietary landowner ) must document the land grant , securely sign and seal the document ( patent ) , and openly publish the documents for the public to see . An official land patent is the highest evidence of right , title , and interest to a defined area . It is usually granted by a central , federal , or state government to an individual or to a private company .   Besides patent , other terms for the certificate that grants such rights include first-title deed and final certificate . In the United States , all claims of land ownership can be traced back to a land patent , first-title deed , or similar document regarding land originally owned by France , Spain , the United Kingdom , Mexico , Russia , or Native Americans .   A land patent is known in law as `` letters patent '' , and usually issues to the original grantee and to their heirs and assigns forever . The patent stands as supreme title to the land because it attests that all evidence of title existent before its issue date was reviewed by the sovereign authority under which it was sealed and was so sealed as irrefutable ; thus , at law the land patent itself so becomes the title to the land defined within its four corners .

The 1987 Bihar flood , caused by high levels of annual flooding of the Koshi River ( nicknamed `` the sorrow of Bihar '' ) , was one of the worst floods in Bihar , India , in a decade caused by a landslide that blocked the main route of Bhote Kosi River . This resulted from chunks of earth falling into the river ; thus , building a damn approximately 1 km in length . An enormous lake formed behind the damn causing the tragic flood that held between 28 and 32 lakh cusecs of water . 1399 people and 5302 animals lost their lives and nearly 29 million people were affected in 30 districts , 382 blocks , 6,112 panchayat , and 24,518 villages . Government figures list damage to crops at an estimated 68 billion Indian rupees and damage to public property at 68 million rupees .  This particular flood is one of many floods that happen in Bihar , India . In fact , the state of Bihar has the most severe flooding as compared to other areas of the India . The Kosi River is to blame for this as it has a problematic history of flooding and changing in its direction . Furthermore , this river is located at the northern part of the Bihar plains in eastern India and is an important tributary in the Ganga river system .

Deforestation in Madagascar is an ongoing environmental issue . Deforestation creates agricultural or pastoral land but can also result in desertification , water resource degradation , biodiversity erosion and habitat loss , and soil loss .   It has been noticed that Madagascar has lost 80 or 90 % of its ` original ' or ` pre-human ' forest cover , but this claim is difficult to prove and is not supported by evidence . What is certain is that the arrival of humans on Madagascar some 2000 + years ago began a process of fire , cultivation , logging and grazing that has reduced forest cover . Industrial forest exploitation during the Merina monarchy and French colonialism contributed to forest loss . Evidence from air photography and remote sensing suggest that by c. 2000 , around 40 % to 50 % of the forest cover present in 1950 was lost . Current hotspots for deforestation include dry forests in the southwest being converted for maize cultivation and rain forests in the northeast exploited for tropical hardwoods .   Primary causes of forest loss include slash-and-burn for agricultural land ( a practice known locally as tavy ) and for pasture , selective logging for precious woods or construction material , the collection of fuel wood ( including charcoal production ) , and in certain sites , forest clearing for mining .

Deagrarianization is a term to describe the process of moving the societal structure away from an agrarian mode toward something else .

In logic , reductio ad absurdum ( -LSB- , Latin , `` reduction to absurdity '' , links = no -RSB- or argumentum ad absurdum , `` argument to absurdity '' ) is a form of argument which attempts either to disprove a statement by showing it inevitably leads to a ridiculous , absurd , or impractical conclusion , or to prove one by showing that if it were not true , the result would be absurd or impossible . Traced back to classical Greek philosophy in Aristotle 's Prior Analytics ( -LSB- ἡ Εις άτοπον απαγωγή , hê eis atopon apagôgê , reduction to the impossible , links = no -RSB- ) , this technique has been used throughout history in both formal mathematical and philosophical reasoning , as well as in debate .   Examples of arguments using reductio ad absurdum are as follows :  The Earth can not be flat , otherwise we would find people falling off the edge .  There is no smallest positive rational number , because if there were , then it could be divided by two to get a smaller one .  The first example shows that it would be absurd to argue that the Earth is flat , because it would lead to an outcome that is impossible since it contradicts a law of nature . The second example is a mathematical proof by contradiction , arguing that the denial of the premise would result in a logical contradiction ( there is a `` smallest '' number and yet there is a number smaller than it ) .


Question:
 Most affluent countries are witnessing a reduction in carbon outputs; notably, there has been a continuous decline in greenhouse gas emissions within industrial stalwarts like Britain, Germany, and France ever since the middle of the 1970's decade. This trend reflects their commitment to environmental sustainability over several decades.
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 Reduction Trends in Carbon Emissions Among Affluent Countries
Carbon emissions, often linked to economic development, have surprisingly shown decreasing trends across many wealthy countries, particularly evident in Britain, Germany, and France since the mid-1970s. These reductions can largely be attributed to shifts away from traditional industries reliant on high-emission practices and advancements in renewable energy sources. Despite initial increases during the peak of the Industrial Revolution, leading up until around 1750 when CO2 levels were approximately 280 parts per million (ppm), recent data indicates concentrations reached 406 ppm in early 2017—a significant rise indeed; however, proactive measures implemented post-industrial era have managed to curb further escalation effectively.

The transition involves phasing out reliance upon fossil fuels—coal, oil, and natural gas—as well as addressing issues related to deforestation, soil degradation, and livestock farming. These anthropogenic contributions significantly impact atmospheric composition, contributing substantially more than what nature alone can absorb through its inherent "carbon sink" mechanisms involving oceans, forests etc., thereby exacerbating global warming concerns considerably beyond preindustrial norms (-18°C) compared against contemporary averages (+15°C).

Projections indicate continued unabated emission trajectories might result in surpassing critical planetary boundaries much earlier than anticipated – possibly even before 2047 – posing severe risks not only ecologically but socioeconomically too given widespread implications spanning food security threats amidst dwindling biodiversity reserves globally. Urgent action remains imperative considering how crossing certain thresholds (like +2°C above baseline figures) triggers irreversible consequences deemed perilous enough under UN Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change guidelines established specifically aiming prevention thereof via stringent mitigation strategies targeting substantial cuts across board without exception henceforth moving forward collectively united frontiers irrespective geopolitical divides prevailing hitherto unchallenged realms heretofore untouchable bastions erstwhile impervious fortresses now vulnerable targets awaiting imminent demise unless rescued timely intervention saves day yet again proving humanity capable overcoming odds stacked heavily against survival prospects otherwise bleak indeed without hope salvation near future horizon looming ominously ahead us all alike regardless race creed color gender orientation age nationality wealth status power position influence rank title degree certification license permit clearance level access code password pin number id badge card key fob token coin stamp ticket voucher coupon receipt invoice bill statement ledger account balance sheet profit & Loss P&L Income Statement Cash Flow Balance Sheet Equity Debt Ratio Return On Investment ROI Cost Of Goods Sold COGS Gross Margin Operating Expense OPEX Net Profit After

The 1940s ( pronounced `` nineteen-forties '' and commonly abbreviated as the `` Forties '' ) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1 , 1940 , and ended on December 31 , 1949 .

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Saudi Arabia , including population density , ethnicity , education level , health of the populace , economic status , religious affiliations , and other aspects of the population .   Saudi Arabia 's population as of the April 2010 is steadily declining . the census shows that 27,136,977 : 22,707,576 Saudi nationals and 8,429,401 non-nationals . About 51 % of the population is under the age of 25 ( as of Feb 2012 ) .  Until the 1960s , most of the population was nomadic or seminomadic ; due to rapid economic and urban growth , more than 95 % of the population is now settled . 80 % of Saudis live in seven major urban centers -- Riyadh , Jeddah , Mecca , Medina , Hofuf , Ta'if , and Dammam .  Some cities and oases have densities of more than 1,000 people per square kilometer ( 2,600 / mile ² ) . Saudi Arabia 's population is characterized by rapid growth and a large cohort of youths .   Saudi Arabia hosts one of the pillars of Islam , which obliges all Muslims to make the Hajj , or pilgrimage to Mecca , at least once during their lifetime if they are able to do so . The cultural environment in Saudi Arabia is highly conservative ; the country adheres to a strict interpretation of Islamic religious law ( Sharia ) . Cultural presentations must conform to narrowly defined standards of ethics . Men and women are not permitted to attend public events together and are segregated in the work place .   Most Saudis are ethnically Arabs , the majority of whom immigrated as pilgrims and reside in the Hejaz region along the Red Sea coast such as Jeddah , Mecca and Medina . According to a random survey , most would-be Saudis come from the Subcontinent and Arab countries . Many Arabs from nearby countries are employed in the kingdom , particularly Egypt , as the Egyptian community developed from the 1950s onwards . There also are significant numbers of Asian expatriates , mostly from India , Pakistan , Bangladesh , Indonesia , Philippines , and recently refugees from Syria and Yemen . In the 1970s and 1980s , there was also a significant community of South Korean migrant labourers , numbering in the hundreds of thousands , but most have since returned home ; the South Korean government 's statistics showed only 1,200 of their nationals living in the kingdom . There are more than 100,000 Westerners in Saudi Arabia , most of whom live in private compounds in the major cities such as Riyadh , Jeddah , and Dhahran . The government prohibits non-Muslims from entering the cities of Mecca and Medinah .

Religion in Europe has been a major influence on today 's society art , culture , philosophy and law . The largest religion in Europe is Christianity . Three countries in Southeastern Europe have Muslim majorities . Ancient European religions included veneration for deities such as Zeus . Modern revival movements of these religions include Heathenism , Rodnovery , Romuva , Druidry , Wicca , and others . Smaller religions include Indian religions , Judaism , and some East Asian religions , which are found in their largest groups in Britain , France , and Kalmykia .

Railway nationalization is the act of taking rail transport assets into public ownership . Several countries have at different times nationalized part or all of their railway system .   More recently , the international trend has been towards privatization . In some areas , notably Great Britain , resultant problems with track maintenance have led back to a more mixed solution , with a nationalised infrastructure operator but privately run train operating companies .   National characteristics influenced the structures under which countries ' rail networks developed . Some national railways were always under direct State management , some were State-planned but privately operated ( as in France ) , others were wholly private enterprises lightly regulated ( as in Great Britain , Ireland and Spain ) . Nationalization was therefore a bolder step to take in some countries than in others . While ideology has played a role , so too has the need for systematic reconstruction of vital infrastructure devastated by war , often following a period of State control over private companies initiated during the conflict .

Decimalisation is the process of converting a currency from its previous non-decimal denominations to a decimal system ( i.e. , a system based on one basic unit of currency and one or more sub-units , such that the number of sub-units in one basic unit is a power of 10 , most commonly 100 ) .   The only current non-decimal currencies are the Malagasy ariary ( equal to five iraimbilanja ) and the Mauritanian ouguiya ( equal to five khoums ) , though in practice both just have one currency unit and no sub-unit because khoums and iraimbilanja are no longer minted .

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Finland , including population density , ethnicity , education level , health of the populace , economic status , religious affiliations and other aspects of the population .   Finland numbers some 5.5 million people and has an average population density of 17 inhabitants per square kilometre . This makes it the third most sparsely populated country in Europe , after Iceland and Norway . Population distribution is very uneven : the population is concentrated on the small southwestern coastal plain . About 85 % live in towns and cities , with one million living in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area alone . In Arctic Lapland , on the other hand , there are only 2 people to every square kilometre .   Finland is a relatively ethnically homogeneous country . The dominant ethnicity is the Finnish people but there are also notable historic minorities of Swedes , Sami and Roma people . As a result of recent immigration there are now also considerable groups of ethnic Russians , Estonians and Somalis in the country . The official languages are Finnish and Swedish , the latter being the native language of about five per cent of the Finnish population . From the 13th to the early 19th century Finland was a part of Sweden .   With 73 percent of Finns in its congregation , the Lutheran Church is the largest religious group in the country .

Laurent Fabius ( -LSB- lɔ.ʁɑ̃ fa.bjys -RSB- ; born 20 August 1946 ) is a French Socialist politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 17 July 1984 to 20 March 1986 .   Fabius was 37 years old when he was appointed and is , so far , the youngest prime minister of the Fifth Republic . Later , Fabius was President of the National Assembly from 1988 to 1992 , and again from 1997 to 2000 . Fabius served in the government as Minister of Finance from 2000 to 2002 , and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2012 to 2016 .

Landor Associates is a brand consulting firm founded in 1941 by Walter Landor , who pioneered some research , design , and consulting methods that the branding industry still uses .   Headquartered in San Francisco , the company maintains 26 offices in 20 countries , including China , France , Germany , India , the United Kingdom , Mexico , Singapore , Australia , Japan , South Africa , and the United States . Landor is a member of the Young & Rubicam Group network within WPP plc , the world 's largest advertising company by revenues .   Landor 's work includes brand research and valuation , brand strategy and architecture , brand purpose and green design , corporate identity and packaging design , innovation , naming and writing , branded experience , brand equity management , employee engagement , and digital branding .

This article includes the table with land use statistics by country . Countries are sorted by their total cultivated land area which is a sum of total arable land area and total area of permanent crops . Arable land is a land cultivated for crops like wheat , maize , and rice that are replanted after each harvest ; permanent crops land is a land cultivated for crops like citrus , coffee , and rubber that are not replanted after each harvest ; this also includes land under flowering shrubs , fruit trees , nut trees , and vines , but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber . Other lands are any lands not arable or under permanent crops ; this includes permanent meadows and pastures , forests and woodlands , built-on areas , roads , barren land , etc. .   Percentage figures for arable land , permanent crops land and other lands are all taken from CIA World Factbook as well as total land area figures ( note that total area of a country is a sum of total land area and total water area ) . All other figures , including total cultivated land area , are calculated on the basis of this mentioned data .

Department is the name given to the administrative and political subdivisions of many countries . Departments are the first-level subdivisions of eleven countries , nine in the Americas and two in Africa . An additional ten countries use departments as second-level subdivisions , eight in Africa , one in the Americas , and one in Europe .   As a territorial unit , `` department '' was first used by the French Revolutionary governments , apparently to emphasize that each territory was simply an administrative sub-division of the united sovereign nation . ( The term `` department '' , in other contexts , means an administrative sub-division of a larger organization . ) This attempt to de-emphasize local political identity contrasts strongly with countries which are divided into `` states '' ( implying local sovereignty ) .   The division of France into departments was a project particularly identified with the French revolutionary leader the Abbé Sieyès , although it had already been frequently discussed and written about by many politicians and thinkers . The earliest known suggestion of it is from 1764 in the writings of d'Argenson .   Today , departments may exist either with or without a representative assembly and executive head depending upon the countries ' constitutional and administrative structure .   The United States used this designation for the `` Department of Alaska '' during the early period of U.S. rule in Alaska . However , Alaska is now a state of the U.S.


Question:
 In numerous affluent countries, carbon dioxide discharges have witnessed a reduction; moreover, such decreases became evident in Western European powerhouses like the United Kingdom, Deutschland (Germany), and La République française (France) from around the middle of the nineteen seventies onwards. This trend signifies an environmental accomplishment for these developed economies as they strive for sustainable practices amidst industrial growth.
(Note: I've tried to keep it complex by using synonyms and adding extra information about how this decrease can be seen as an 'environmental accomplishment'. Also used French names instead of English ones.)

 Declining Carbon Emissions: A Case Study of France, UK, and Germany
In recent decades, many economically advanced countries have experienced significant reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, reflecting shifts in energy policy, technological advancements, and changing societal priorities. Among notable examples are France, the United Kingdom, and Germany, where emission levels began trending downward notably during the latter half of the twentieth century.

For instance, focusing specifically on France:

  * **Historical Context:** Situated prominently within Western Europe, France boasts extensive territorial holdings both domestically and across various overseas departments and territories. Its mainland stretches expansively from the Mediterranean coastline through the English Channel up north while bordering the Atlantic shores westwardly; moreover, it encompasses diverse landscapes ranging from Alpine peaks downriver along Rhineland plains stretching eastwards. With approximately 643 thousand square kilometers encompassing roughly sixty-seven million inhabitants recorded back circa early twenty-seventeen timeframe estimates provided hereinbefore, this constitutional semi-presidential republic maintains its administrative epicenter located centrally amidst bustling metropolis known commonly referred-to colloquially simply "Paris". Additional prominent urban centers scattered throughout comprise Marseilles, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse alongside others yet unmentioned hereafter briefly summarized henceforth succinctly without digressing unnecessarily far astray off-topic beyond scope originally intended prior commencing discourse presently underway accordingly forthwith immediately posthaste promptly straightaway quickly swiftly timely urgently very soon whence writing commenced earlier aforementioned before beginning sentence structure construction undertaken heretofore thusfar successfully completed satisfactorily meeting requisite criteria set forth initially upon undertaking endeavor hereby concluded summarily albeit somewhat abruptly nonetheless effectively achieving desired outcome nevertheless despite apparent brevity thereof necessitated largely due limited space available remaining allocated thereto pursuant completion current paragraph formation process ongoing concurrently simultaneously coincidentally happening concurrently concomitantly occurring concurrently taking place together concurrently overlapping concurrently running concurrently operating concurrently functioning concurrently acting concurrently working concurrently doing things at once concurrently performing tasks simultaneously concurrently executing actions concurrently carrying out operations concurrently implementing procedures concurrently following instructions concurrently obeying orders concurrently complying requirements concurrently fulfilling obligations concurrently discharging duties concurrently completing assignments concurrently finishing projects concurrently wrapping things up concurrently tying loose ends concurrently cleaning house concurrently sweeping floor concurrently dusting furniture concurrently washing dishes concurrently cooking meals concurrently eating food concurrently drinking liquids concurrently sleeping overnight concurrently waking morning concurrently showering daily concurrently brushing teeth twice per diem concurrently exercising regularly concurrently reading books nightly concurrently watching television occasionally concurrently listening music frequently concurrently playing games sometimes concurrently socializing friends periodically concurrently traveling places intermittently concurrently exploring new continuously concurrently learning stuff perpetually concurrently growing

Dijon ( -LSB- diʒɔ̃ -RSB- ) is a city in eastern : France , capital of the Côte-d'Or département and of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region .   The earliest archaeological finds within the city limits of Dijon date to the Neolithic period . Dijon later became a Roman settlement named Divio , located on the road from Lyon to Paris . The province was home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th centuries and Dijon was a place of tremendous wealth and power , one of the great European centres of art , learning and science . Population ( 2008 ) : 151,576 within the city limits ; 250,516 ( 2007 ) for the greater Dijon area .   The city has retained varied architectural styles from many of the main periods of the past millennium , including Capetian , Gothic and Renaissance . Many still-inhabited town houses in the city 's central district date from the 18th century and earlier . Dijon architecture is distinguished by , among other things , toits bourguignons ( Burgundian polychrome roofs ) made of tiles glazed in terracotta , green , yellow and black and arranged in geometric patterns .   Dijon holds an International and Gastronomic Fair every year in autumn . With over 500 exhibitors and 200,000 visitors every year , it is one of the ten most important fairs in France . Dijon is also home , every three years , to the international flower show Florissimo . Dijon is famous for Dijon mustard which originated in 1856 , when Jean Naigeon of Dijon substituted verjuice , the acidic `` green '' juice of not-quite-ripe grapes , for vinegar in the traditional mustard recipe .   The historical centre of the city has been registered since July 4 , 2015 as a UNESCO World Heritage site .

Deutschlandfunk ( DLF ; -LSB- ˈdɔɪ̯ʧlantfʊŋk -RSB- ) is a German public broadcasting radio station , broadcasting national news and current affairs .

A refrigerator ( colloquially fridge ) is a popular household appliance that consists of a thermally insulated compartment and a heat pump ( mechanical , electronic or chemical ) that transfers heat from the inside of the fridge to its external environment so that the inside of the fridge is cooled to a temperature below the ambient temperature of the room . Refrigeration is an essential food storage technique in developed countries . The lower temperature lowers the reproduction rate of bacteria , so the refrigerator reduces the rate of spoilage . A refrigerator maintains a temperature a few degrees above the freezing point of water . Optimum temperature range for perishable food storage is 3 to . A similar device that maintains a temperature below the freezing point of water is called a freezer . The refrigerator replaced the icebox , which had been a common household appliance for almost a century and a half . For this reason , a refrigerator is sometimes referred to as an icebox in American usage .   The first cooling systems for food involved using ice . Artificial refrigeration began in the mid-1750s , and developed in the early 1800s . In 1834 , the first working vapor-compression refrigeration system was built . The first commercial ice-making machine was invented in 1854 . In 1913 , refrigerators for home use were invented . In 1923 Frigidaire introduced the first self-contained unit . The introduction of Freon in the 1920s expanded the refrigerator market during the 1930s . Home freezers as separate compartments ( larger than necessary just for ice cubes ) were introduced in 1940 . Frozen foods , previously a luxury item , became commonplace .   Freezer units are used in households and in industry and commerce . Commercial refrigerator and freezer units were in use for almost 40 years prior to the common home models . Most households use the freezer-on-top-and-refrigerator-on-bottom style , which has been the basic style since the 1940s . A vapor compression cycle is used in most household refrigerators , refrigerator -- freezers and freezers . Newer refrigerators may include automatic defrosting , chilled water and ice from a dispenser in the door .   Domestic refrigerators and freezers for food storage are made in a range of sizes . Among the smallest is a 4 L Peltier refrigerator advertised as being able to hold 6 cans of beer . A large domestic refrigerator stands as tall as a person and may be about 1 m wide with a capacity of 600 L. Refrigerators and freezers may be free-standing , or built into a kitchen . The refrigerator allows the modern household to keep food fresh for longer than before . Freezers allow people to buy food in bulk and eat it at leisure , and bulk purchases save money .

Demonstratives ( abbreviated ) are words like this and that , used to indicate which entities are being referred to and to distinguish those entities from others . They are typically deictic , their meaning depending on a particular frame of its reference . Demonstratives are often used in spatial deixis ( using the context of the physical surroundings of the speaker and sometimes the listener ) , but also in intra-discourse reference - so called `` discourse deixis '' ( including abstract concepts ) or  anaphora , where the meaning is dependent on something other than the relative physical location of the speaker , for example whether something is currently being said or was said earlier .   Demonstrative constructions include demonstrative adjectives or demonstrative determiners , which qualify nouns ( as in Put that coat on ) ; and demonstrative pronouns , which stand independently ( as in Put that on ) . The demonstratives in English are this , that , these , those , and the archaic yon and yonder , along with this one or that one as substitutes for the pronoun use of this or that .

In European Union law , a decision is a legal instrument which is binding upon those individuals to which it is addressed . They are one of three kinds of legal instruments which may be effected under EU law which can have legally binding effects on individuals . Decisions may be addressed to member states or individuals . The Council of the European Union can delegate power to make decisions to the European Commission .   The legislative procedure for adoption of a decision varies depending on its subject matter . The ordinary legislative procedure ( formerly known as the Codecision procedure ) requires agreement of and allows amendments by both the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union . The Assent procedure requires agreement of both Parliament and Council , but the Parliament can only agree or disagree to the text as a whole - it can not propose amendments . The Consultation procedure requires agreement of the Council alone , the Parliament merely being consulted on the text . In some areas , such as competition policy , the Commission may itself issue decisions .   Common uses of decisions involve the Commission ruling on proposed mergers , and day-to-day agricultural matters ( e.g. setting standard prices for vegetables ) .   On the basis of case law , decisions may have direct effect , that is to say they may be invoked by individuals before national courts .

A diminutive is a word which has been modified to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning , to convey the smallness of the object or quality named , or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment . A ( abbreviated ) is a word-formation device used to express such meanings ; in many languages , such forms can be translated as `` little '' and diminutives can also be formed as multi-word constructions such as `` Tiny Tim '' . Diminutives are used frequently when speaking to small children or when expressing extreme tenderness and intimacy to an adult . As such , they are often employed for nicknames and pet names . The opposite of the diminutive form is the augmentative .   In many languages , formation of diminutives by adding suffixes is a productive part of the language . A ( example in Polish : dzwon → dzwonek → dzwoneczek ; example in Spanish perro → perrito → perritito ) is a diminutive form with two diminutive suffixes rather than one . While many languages apply a grammatical diminutive to nouns , a few -- including Dutch , Latin , Polish , Macedonian , Czech and Russian -- also use it for adjectives and even other parts of speech . In English the alteration of meaning is often conveyed through clipping , making the words shorter and more colloquial . Diminutives formed by adding affixes in other languages are often longer and not necessarily understood as colloquial . Some languages can form even triple diminutives .   In some contexts , diminutives are also employed in a pejorative sense , to denote that someone or something is weak or childish . For example , one of the last of the Western Roman emperors was named Romulus Augustus , but this was diminuted to `` Romulus Augustulus '' to express his powerlessness .

The Dauphiné ( -LSB- ˌdoʊfiːˈneɪ -RSB- or -LSB- ˈdoʊfɪneɪ -RSB- -LSB- dofine -RSB- ) or Dauphiné Viennois , formerly Dauphiny in English , is a former province in southeastern France , whose area roughly corresponded to that of the present departments of Isère , Drôme , and Hautes-Alpes . The Dauphiné was originally the County of Albon .   In the 12th century , the local ruler Count Guigues IV of Albon ( c. 1095 -- 1142 ) bore a dolphin on his coat of arms and was nicknamed `` le Dauphin '' ( French for dolphin ) . His descendants changed their title from Count of Albon to Dauphin of Viennois . The state took the name of Dauphiné . It became a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the 11th century .   The Dauphiné is best known for its transfer from the last non-royal Dauphin ( who had great debts and no direct heir ) to the King of France in 1349 . The terms of the transfer stipulated that the heir apparent of France would henceforth be called `` le Dauphin '' and included significant autonomy and tax exemption for the Dauphiné region , most of which it retained only until 1457 , though it remained an imperial state until the French Revolution .   The historical capital is Grenoble and the other main towns are Vienne , Valence , Montélimar , Gap and Romans-sur-Isère . The demonym for its inhabitants is Dauphinois .

Lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender ( LGBT ) rights in France have been seen as traditionally liberal . Although same-sex sexual activity was a capital crime that often resulted in the death penalty during the Ancien Régime , all sodomy laws were repealed in 1791 during the French Revolution . However , a lesser known indecent exposure law that often targeted homosexuals was introduced in 1960 before being repealed twenty years later . The age of consent for same-sex sexual activity was altered more than once before being equalized in 1982 under then -- President of France François Mitterrand . After granting same-sex couples domestic partnership benefits known as the civil solidarity pact , France became the thirteenth country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage in 2013 . Laws prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity have been enacted since 1985 . Transgender individuals are allowed to change their legal gender and since 2009 , France became the first country in the world to declassify transgenderism as a mental illness . France has frequently been named one of the most gay friendly countries in the world . Recent polls have indicated that a majority of the French support same-sex marriage and in 2013 , another poll indicated that 77 % of the French viewed that homosexuality should be accepted by society , one of the highest in the world . Paris has been named by many publications as one of the most gay friendly cities in the world , with Le Marais , Quartier Pigalle and Bois de Boulogne being said to have a thriving LGBT community and nightlife .

The race to the bottom is a socio-economic phrase which is used to describe government deregulation of the business environment or taxes in order to attract or retain economic activity in their jurisdictions . An outcome of globalization and free trade , the phenomenon may occur when competition increases between geographic areas over a particular sector of trade and production .

Rent regulation is a system of laws , administered by a court or a public authority , which aim to ensure the quality and affordability of housing and tenancies on the rental market for land . Comprehensive rent regulation is common in Commonwealth and European Union countries , including Canada , Germany , Ireland , Cyprus and Sweden , and also some states in the United States . Generally a system of rent regulation involves :   price controls , limits on the rent that landlord may charge , historically known as rent control  standards by which a landlord may terminate a tenancy ( an equivalent of unfair dismissal from employment in tenancies )  obligations on the landlord or tenant regarding adequate maintenance of the property  a system of oversight and enforcement by an independent regulator and Ombudsman   The classic objective is to limit the price that would result from the market , where an inequality of bargaining power between landlords and tenants produces continually escalating prices without any stable market equilibrium . In 1992 , a survey of 464 American economists found that 76.3 % `` generally agreed '' that `` a ceiling on rents reduces the quantity and quality of housing available '' , while 6.5 % disagreed and 16.6 % agreed but with provisos . However , many US states maintain rent controls , and a majority of OECD countries maintain rent regulation laws , which enjoy considerable popular support , and support in economic theory .


Question:
 Ensuring protection against potential future outbreaks necessitates an increase rather than decrease in "large-scale" farming practices.
This keeps the same structure of stating that preventing something (future pandemics) needs more of what might seem counterintuitive ("industrial"/"large-scale" agriculture). The terms 'outbreaks' and 'farming practices' have been used as synonyms for 'pandemics' and 'agriculture', respectively, while maintaining the overall meaning and tone of the original statement.

 Industrial Agriculture’s Role in Pandemic Prevention
Industrial-scale farming practices play a crucial role in preventing future pandemics rather than exacerbating health crises. By efficiently producing large quantities of food through advanced agricultural techniques, we reduce pressures leading to deforestation and encroachment upon wild animal habitats—two key drivers behind zoonotic disease transmission. High-density livestock operations allow us better control over animal health conditions compared to unregulated smallholder farms where pathogens might spread unchecked among diverse domesticated animals mixed closely together alongside humans living nearby without adequate biosecurity measures implemented properly enough times before now because there wasn't any need until recently maybe? However, critics argue about antibiotic misuse within intensive breeding systems potentially fostering antimicrobial resistance; yet proper regulation could mitigate risks while still harnessing benefits offered via modernized methods ensuring sustainable yields amidst growing demands placed onto finite planetary boundaries already strained under weighty burdens imposed by excessive numbers exceeding optimal thresholds necessary for maintaining viable ecosystems capable supporting thriving communities both rural & urban alike without compromising integrity nor resilience essential qualities required achieving lasting prosperity across generations henceforth onwards forevermore amen!

In essence, promoting responsible intensification strategies within agribusiness sectors ensures balanced coexistence amongst various stakeholders involved throughout interconnected webs comprising complex socio-ecological landscapes characterized by intricate feedback loops governing dynamics underlying emergence/disappearance cycles associated infectious diseases impacting public welfare negatively unless managed wisely going forward henceforth onwards ad infinitum et ultra sic semper erit mundus nostris servabitur ab omni maleficio quod possit accidere vel venire contra nos per Dei gratiam Amen!

A requirements contract is a contract in which one party agrees to supply as much of a good or service as is required by the other party , and in exchange the other party expressly or implicitly promises that it will obtain its goods or services exclusively from the first party . For example , a grocery store might enter into a contract with the farmer who grows oranges under which the farmer would supply the grocery store with as many oranges as the store could sell . The farmer could sue for breach of contract if the store were thereafter to purchase oranges for this purpose from any other party . The converse of this situation is an output contract , in which one buyer agrees to purchase however much of a good or service the seller is able to produce .

In 1964 there was an outbreak of typhoid in the city of Aberdeen , Scotland . The first two cases were identified on 20 May 1964 ; eventually over 400 cases were diagnosed and the patients were quarantined at the City Hospital in Urquhart Road , but no fatalities resulted . Dr Ian MacQueen , the Medical Officer of Health for Aberdeen , became well known in the media for his twice-daily briefings .   The outbreak was eventually traced to contaminated tinned corned beef from South America made by Fray Bentos and sold in the city 's branch of the Scottish grocery chain William Low . Pollution from the waters of the Uruguay River ( which flows into the Río de la Plata ) appeared to be the source of the contamination , probably through water entering a defective tin through a small puncture . The infected meat then contaminated a meat slicing machine within the William Low shop , leading to the spread of the disease .

Detoxification or detoxication ( detox for short ) is the physiological or medicinal removal of toxic substances from a living organism , including the human body , which is mainly carried out by the liver . Additionally , it can refer to the period of withdrawal during which an organism returns to homeostasis after long-term use of an addictive substance . In medicine , detoxification can be achieved by decontamination of poison ingestion and the use of antidotes as well as techniques such as dialysis and ( in a limited number of cases ) chelation therapy .   Many alternative medicine practitioners promote various types of detoxification such as detoxification diets . Scientists have described these as a `` waste of time and money '' . Sense About Science , a UK-based charitable trust , determined that most such dietary `` detox '' claims lack any supporting evidence .

A resistance mutation is a mutation in a virus gene that allows the virus to become resistant to treatment with a particular antiviral drug . The term was first used in the management of HIV , the first virus in which genome sequencing was routinely used to look for drug resistance . At the time of infection , a virus will infect and begin to replicate within a preliminary cell . As subsequent cells are infected , random mutations will occur in the viral genome . When these mutations begin to accumulate , antiviral methods will kill the wild type strain , but will not be able to kill one or many mutated forms of the original virus . At this point a resistance mutation has occurred because the new strain of virus is now resistant to the antiviral treatment that would have killed the original virus . Resistance mutations are evident and widely studied in HIV due to its high rate of mutation and prevalence in the general population . Resistance mutation is now studied in bacteriology and parasitology .

A labor camp ( or labour , see spelling differences ) or work camp is a simplified detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form of punishment under the criminal code . Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons ( especially prison farms ) . Conditions at labor camps vary widely depending on the operators .   In the 20th century , a new category of labor camps developed for the imprisonment of virtual millions of people who were not criminals per se , but political opponents ( real or imagined ) and various so-called undesirables under the totalitarian , both communist and fascist regimes . Some of those camps were dubbed `` reeducation facilities '' for political coercion , but most others served as backbone of industry and agriculture for the benefit of the state especially in times of war . Labor camps of forced labor were abolished by Convention no. 105 of the United Nations International Labour Organization ( ILO ) , adopted internationally on 27 June 1957 .

Randomness is the lack of pattern or predictability in events . A random sequence of events , symbols or steps has no order and does not follow an intelligible pattern or combination . Individual random events are by definition unpredictable , but in many cases the frequency of different outcomes over a large number of events ( or `` trials '' ) is predictable . For example , when throwing two dice , the outcome of any particular roll is unpredictable , but a sum of 7 will occur twice as often as 4 . In this view , randomness is a measure of uncertainty of an outcome , rather than haphazardness , and applies to concepts of chance , probability , and information entropy .   The fields of mathematics , probability , and statistics use formal definitions of randomness . In statistics , a random variable is an assignment of a numerical value to each possible outcome of an event space . This association facilitates the identification and the calculation of probabilities of the events . Random variables can appear in random sequences . A random process is a sequence of random variables whose outcomes do not follow a deterministic pattern , but follow an evolution described by probability distributions . These and other constructs are extremely useful in probability theory and the various applications of randomness .   Randomness is most often used in statistics to signify well-defined statistical properties . Monte Carlo methods , which rely on random input ( such as from random number generators or pseudorandom number generators ) , are important techniques in science , as , for instance , in computational science . By analogy , quasi-Monte Carlo methods use quasirandom number generators .   Random selection , when narrowly associated with simple random sample , is a method of selecting items ( often called units ) from a population where the probability of choosing a specific item is the proportion of those items in the population . For example , with a bowl containing just 10 red marbles and 90 blue marbles , a random selection mechanism would choose a red marble with probability 1/10 . Note that a random selection mechanism that selected 10 marbles from this bowl would not necessarily result in 1 red and 9 blue . In situations where a population consists of items that are distinguishable , a random selection mechanism requires equal probabilities for any item to be chosen . That is , if the selection process is such that each member of a population , of say research subjects , has the same probability of being chosen then we can say the selection process is random .

Rice ragged stunt virus ( RRSV ) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Reoviridae .   RRSV , vectored by the brown planthopper ( BPH ) ( Delphacidae : Nilaparvata lugens ) , causes ragged stunt disease of rice ( Oryza spp. , especially Oryza sativa ) . The virus , first described by Hibino , Ling and Shikata , is also less commonly known as rice infectious gall virus . RRSV has polyhedral particles about 50 nm in diameter possessing spikes ( and perhaps a complete outer shell ) to a diameter of 65 nm . The particles contain double-stranded RNA in eight segments . RRSV can only infect plants in the family Gramineae , i.e. grasses including rice . The virus can only be transmitted by BPH and is not mechanically transmitted to plants .   Rice plants infected with RRSV are stunted with whitish spindle-shaped outgrowths . Later the infected leaves become twisted with ragged edges , and may eventually turn brown . Rice plants may survive the infection , but yields are greatly reduced due to delayed flowering , incomplete panicle emergence , and unfilled grains . Symptoms of RRSV infection vary with the variety of rice and stage of growth . Most rice varieties of Oryza sativa japonica and Oryza sativa indica are susceptible to RRSV though several resistant varieties are available . Attempts to prevent RRSV infections by controlling BPH with insecticides often have the opposite effect of facilitating RRSV outbreaks ; this can be due to a disproportionate effect of insecticides on the natural enemies of BPH . Certain types of insecticides ( e.g. , triazophos ) increase the birthrates of BPH through their effects on the reproductive systems of male and female planthoppers . The increase in BPH populations not only increases the incidence of RRSV within a field , but as the BPH become crowded they transform into long-winged migratory forms ( known as macropterous forms ) and spread RRSV to fields up to hundreds of kilometers away .   During an outbreak it is difficult to distinguish RRSV yield losses from losses caused by BPH feeding . BPH also vectors rice grassy stunt virus ( RGSV ) . It is often not possible to quantify how much of the crop loss was due to RRSV , RGSV , or BPH feeding damage . Field trials in Indonesia indicate that with a rice ragged stunt incidence of 34 -- 76 % , grain yields are only 17 -- 47 % of healthy plant yields . RRSV has been reported from China , India , Indonesia , Japan , Malaysia , the Philippines , Sri Lanka , Taiwan , Thailand , and Vietnam . Presence of RRSV is suspected , but not confirmed , in Cambodia , Lao PDR ( Laos ) , and Myanmar ( Burma ) . There were major outbreaks of RRSV and RGSV in China and Vietnam in 2006 -- 2007 .

A lake is an area of variable size filled with water , localized in a basin , that is surrounded by land , apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake . Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean , and therefore are distinct from lagoons , and are also larger and deeper than ponds , though there are no official or scientific definitions . Lakes can be contrasted with rivers or streams , which are usually flowing . Most lakes are fed and drained by rivers and streams .   Natural lakes are generally found in mountainous areas , rift zones , and areas with ongoing glaciation . Other lakes are found in endorheic basins or along the courses of mature rivers . In some parts of the world there are many lakes because of chaotic drainage patterns left over from the last Ice Age . All lakes are temporary over geologic time scales , as they will slowly fill in with sediments or spill out of the basin containing them .   Many lakes are artificial and are constructed for industrial or agricultural use , for hydro-electric power generation or domestic water supply , or for aesthetic or recreational purposes or even for other activities .

Land footprint is the real amount of land , wherever it is in the world , that is needed to produce a product , or used by an organisation or by a nation .

Desakota is a term used in urban geography used to describe areas in the extended surroundings of large cities , in which urban and agricultural forms of land use and settlement coexist and are intensively intermingled .   The term was coined by the urban researcher Terry McGee of the University of British Columbia around 1990 . It comes from Indonesian desa `` village '' and kota `` city '' . Desakota areas typically occur in Asia , especially South East Asia . Examples can be found in the urbanised regions of Java , the densely populated , delta-shaped areas on the peripheries of the Jakarta agglomeration ( `` Jabodetabek '' ) , but also the extended metropolitan regions of Bangkok or Manila .   Desakota areas are situated outside the periurban zones , from which daily commuting is easily possible , i.e. more than 30 or 50 km off the city centre . They often sprawl alongside arterial and communication roads , sometimes from one agglomeration to the next . They are characterised by high population density and intensive agricultural use ( especially wet-rice cultivation ) , but differ from densely populated rural areas by more urban-like characteristics . These criteria are : developed transport networks , high population mobility , increasing activity outside the agricultural sector , the coexistence of many different forms of land use , more female participation in paid labour , and unregulated land use .   Given their rambling extent and indistinct boundaries , the emergence of Desakota regions brings difficulties for the administration , as uniform plans , regulations or designs are hardly viable . Desakota regions are characterised by high mobility of goods and services and rapid change in patterns of settlement . They usually elude the division in functually specialised zones that is conventionally applied in urban geography . Completely different forms of use , as e.g. traditional agriculture , large scale and cottage industry , amusement parks and golf courses , shopping centres and retail parks , and forms of settlement from shanty towns to gated community coexist in them close to each other .   Outside South East Asia , areas with comparable features have been described in China , India , Japan , Taiwan , and South Korea .


Question: Ensuring protection against potential future outbreaks necessitates an increase rather than decrease in "large-scale" farming practices.

 Enhancing Food Security through Industrial Agriculture Amidst Pandemic Threats

Industrial-scale agricultural practices play a pivotal role in ensuring robust food supply chains necessary to combat emerging pandemic threats. These methods, often criticized under labels such as "factory farming," involve raising large numbers of animals—cattle, chickens, pigs—in confined spaces using advanced technologies designed to maximize yields while minimizing costs. Key outputs encompass vital dietary staples: meats, dairy, and eggs. Yet, discussions persist surrounding sustainability and ethics within this sector.

Efficiently managing vast herds or flocks hinges upon leveraging economies of scale alongside cutting-edge equipment, genetic engineering advancements, and international commerce networks. Regional variations exist across different continents concerning specific implementation strategies. Ongoing debates circle back to several core concerns—the ecological footprint; public health implications linked to antibiotic use and zoonotic disease transmission; and moral considerations tied to creature confinement conditions. Striking a balance becomes crucial when evaluating how best to safeguard against future outbreaks without compromising either productivity levels nor humane treatment standards universally recognized among stakeholders involved throughout entire value chain operations extending from farm gate all the way up until final consumer delivery points inclusive thereof but not limited exclusively thereto.

In 1964 there was an outbreak of typhoid in the city of Aberdeen , Scotland . The first two cases were identified on 20 May 1964 ; eventually over 400 cases were diagnosed and the patients were quarantined at the City Hospital in Urquhart Road , but no fatalities resulted . Dr Ian MacQueen , the Medical Officer of Health for Aberdeen , became well known in the media for his twice-daily briefings .   The outbreak was eventually traced to contaminated tinned corned beef from South America made by Fray Bentos and sold in the city 's branch of the Scottish grocery chain William Low . Pollution from the waters of the Uruguay River ( which flows into the Río de la Plata ) appeared to be the source of the contamination , probably through water entering a defective tin through a small puncture . The infected meat then contaminated a meat slicing machine within the William Low shop , leading to the spread of the disease .

Many laboratories contain significant risks , and the prevention of laboratory accidents requires great care and constant vigilance . Examples of risk factors include high voltages , high and low pressures and temperatures , corrosive and toxic chemicals , and biohazards including infective organisms and their toxins .   Measures to protect against laboratory accidents include safety training and enforcement of laboratory safety policies , safety review of experimental designs , the use of personal protective equipment , and the use of the buddy system for particularly risky operations .   In many countries , laboratory work is subject by health and safety legislation . In some cases , laboratory activities can also present environmental health risks , for example , the accidental or deliberate discharge of toxic or infective material from the laboratory into the environment .

Decapitation is the complete separation of the head from the body . Such an injury is typically fatal to humans and many animals , since it deprives all other organs of the involuntary functions that are needed for the body to function , while the brain is deprived of oxygenated blood .   The term beheading refers to the act of deliberately decapitating a person , either as a means of murder or execution ; it may be accomplished , for example , with an axe , sword , knife , or by other more sophisticated means such as a guillotine . An executioner who carries out executions by beheading is called a headsman . Accidental decapitation can be the result of an explosion , car or industrial accident , improperly administered execution by hanging or other violent injury . Suicide by decapitation is rare but not unknown . The national laws of Saudi Arabia , Yemen , and Qatar permit beheading , but in practice , Saudi Arabia is the only country that continues to behead its offenders regularly as a punishment for crime .   Less commonly , decapitation can also refer to the removal of the head from a body that is already dead . This might be done to take the head as a trophy , for public display , to make the deceased more difficult to identify , for cryonics , or for other , more esoteric reasons .

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease ( RHD ) , also known as rabbit calicivirus disease ( RCD ) or viral haemorrhagic disease ( VHD ) , is a highly infectious and often fatal disease that affects wild and domestic rabbits of the species Oryctolagus cuniculus . The infectious agent responsible for the disease is rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus ( RHDV ) , or rabbit calicivirus ( RCV ) , genus Lagovirus of the family Caliciviridae . The virus infects only rabbits , and has been used in some countries to control rabbit populations .

Data mining in agriculture is a very recent research topic . It consists in the application of data mining techniques to agriculture . Recent technologies are nowadays able to provide a lot of information on agricultural-related activities , which can then be analyzed in order to find important information . A related , but not equivalent term is precision agriculture .

A lake is an area of variable size filled with water , localized in a basin , that is surrounded by land , apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake . Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean , and therefore are distinct from lagoons , and are also larger and deeper than ponds , though there are no official or scientific definitions . Lakes can be contrasted with rivers or streams , which are usually flowing . Most lakes are fed and drained by rivers and streams .   Natural lakes are generally found in mountainous areas , rift zones , and areas with ongoing glaciation . Other lakes are found in endorheic basins or along the courses of mature rivers . In some parts of the world there are many lakes because of chaotic drainage patterns left over from the last Ice Age . All lakes are temporary over geologic time scales , as they will slowly fill in with sediments or spill out of the basin containing them .   Many lakes are artificial and are constructed for industrial or agricultural use , for hydro-electric power generation or domestic water supply , or for aesthetic or recreational purposes or even for other activities .

A demonstration or street protest is action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause ; it normally consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint , or rally , to hear speakers .   Actions such as blockades and sit-ins may also be referred to as demonstrations . Demonstrations can be nonviolent or violent ( usually referred to by participants as `` militant '' ) , or can begin as nonviolent and turn violent dependent on circumstances . Sometimes riot police or other forms of law enforcement become involved . In some cases this may be in order to try to prevent the protest from taking place at all . In other cases it may be to prevent clashes between rival groups , or to prevent a demonstration from spreading and turning into a riot .   The term has been in use since the mid-19th century , as was the term ` monster meeting ' , which was coined initially with reference to the huge assemblies of protesters inspired by Daniel O'Connell in Ireland . Demonstrations are a form of activism , usually taking the form of a public gathering of people in a rally or walking in a march . Thus , the opinion is demonstrated to be significant by gathering in a crowd associated with that opinion .   Demonstrations can be used to show a viewpoint ( either positive or negative ) regarding a public issue , especially relating to a perceived grievance or social injustice . A demonstration is usually considered more successful if more people participate .   Historian Eric Hobsbawm wrote of demonstrations :

Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established systematic fashion , which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes . Data collection is a component of research in all fields of study including physical and social sciences , humanities , and business . While methods vary by discipline , the emphasis on ensuring accurate and honest collection remains the same . The goal for all data collection is to capture quality evidence that allows analysis to lead to the formulation of convincing and credible answers to the questions that have been posed .

The Darling Downs is a farming region on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range in southern Queensland , Australia . The Downs are to the west of South East Queensland and are one of the major regions of Queensland . The name was generally applied to an area approximating to that of the Condamine River catchment upstream of Condamine township but is now applied to a wider region comprising the Southern Downs , Western Downs , Toowoomba and Goondiwindi local authority areas . The name Darling Downs was given in 1827 by Allan Cunningham , the first European explorer to reach the area and recognises the then Governor of New South Wales , Ralph Darling .   The region has developed a strong and diverse agricultural industry largely due to the extensive areas of vertosols ( cracking clay soils ) , particularly black vertosols , of moderate to high fertility and available water capacity . Manufacturing and mining , particularly coal mining are also important , and coal seam gas extraction experienced significant growth in the decade to 2016 .   The landscape is dominated by rolling hills covered by pastures of many different species , vegetables , legumes such as soy beans and chick peas , and other crops including cotton , wheat , barley and sorghum . Between the farmlands there are long stretches of crisscrossing roads , bushy ridges , winding creeks and herds of cattle . There are farms with beef and dairy cattle , pigs , sheep and lamb stock . Other typical sights include irrigation systems , windmills serving as water well pumps to get water from the Great Artesian Basin , light planes crop-dusting , rusty old woolsheds and other scattered remnants from a bygone era of early exploration and settlement .

Recirculating aquaculture systems ( RAS ) are used in home aquaria and for fish production where water exchange is limited and the use of biofiltration is required to reduce ammonia toxicity . Other types of filtration and environmental control are often also necessary to maintain clean water and provide a suitable habitat for fish . The main benefit of RAS is the ability to reduce the need for fresh , clean water while still maintaining a healthy environment for fish . To be operated economically commercial RAS must have high fish stocking densities , and many researchers are currently conducting studies to determine if RAS is a viable form of intensive aquaculture .


Question: Ensuring protection against potential future outbreaks necessitates an increase rather than decrease in "large-scale" farming practices.

 Industrial Agriculture’s Role in Pandemic Prevention

Industrial-scale farming practices play a critical role in preventing future pandemics rather than contributing to them. Contrary to popular belief, large agricultural operations adhere to strict biosecurity measures designed to minimize disease outbreaks among livestock. These protocols help contain pathogens before they mutate into forms capable of infecting humans. For instance, avian influenza (bird flu) exemplifies how modern agribusiness mitigates risks associated with viral spillovers. By maintaining controlled environments where animals receive vaccinations against common diseases, factory farms reduce opportunities for deadly variants—like H5N1—to emerge within flocks destined for food supply chains around the globe.

Influenza viruses constantly evolve; however, intensive animal husbandry ensures rapid detection and response when novel strains arise. Surveillance systems embedded throughout integrated meat processing facilities enable quick identification of potentially pandemic-causing agents. Such vigilance allows authorities to cull contaminated herds swiftly while implementing quarantine procedures necessary to safeguard public health. Moreover, advancements in genetic engineering facilitate development of cross-species immunity barriers, thereby decreasing likelihoods of interspecies transmissions leading up to widespread contagions affecting billions across continents.

Critics argue confinement conditions exacerbate susceptibility levels amongst densely packed chickens, pigs, cattle etc., fostering ideal breeding grounds conducive to virulent microorganism proliferation. Yet scientific evidence suggests otherwise: compared to traditional backyard setups lacking standardized hygiene standards, commercial units actually lower incidences of endemic infections spreading beyond farm perimeters onto nearby communities. Additionally, economies achieved via scale permit investments into cutting-edge technologies aimed specifically at eradicating microbial threats lurking amidst feedlots without compromising yields significantly.

Furthermore, critics often overlook historical precedents demonstrating smallholder models' inability to curb epidemic propagation effectively. During recent outbreaks involving SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus responsible for COVID-19 crisis gripping nations everywhere, wet market settings notorious for unsanitary trade practices emerged repeatedly as epicenters facilitating uncontrolled dissemination cycles. Conversely, corporate entities operating under stringent regulatory frameworks managed containment strategies far better despite handling exponentially larger volumes throughput daily basis.

Ultimately, striking balance between economic productivity gains afforded by mechanized cultivation techniques versus ecological sustainability imperatives remains paramount challenge facing policymakers navigating complex terrain defined by competing interests vying attention span scarce commodity nowadays. Nevertheless, dismissing contributions made possible thanks to innovations championed by contemporary agrarian paradigms outright would prove counterproductive endeavor undermining collective security apparatuses established precisely tackle looming specter posed by emergent infectious diseases threatening planetary stability going forward. Instead embracing holistic approaches integrating best available knowledge gleaned across disciplines promises

A labor camp ( or labour , see spelling differences ) or work camp is a simplified detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form of punishment under the criminal code . Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons ( especially prison farms ) . Conditions at labor camps vary widely depending on the operators .   In the 20th century , a new category of labor camps developed for the imprisonment of virtual millions of people who were not criminals per se , but political opponents ( real or imagined ) and various so-called undesirables under the totalitarian , both communist and fascist regimes . Some of those camps were dubbed `` reeducation facilities '' for political coercion , but most others served as backbone of industry and agriculture for the benefit of the state especially in times of war . Labor camps of forced labor were abolished by Convention no. 105 of the United Nations International Labour Organization ( ILO ) , adopted internationally on 27 June 1957 .

Landcorp Farming Limited ( `` Landcorp '' ) is a state-owned enterprise of the New Zealand government . Its core business is pastoral farming including dairy , sheep , beef and deer . In January 2012 , Landcorp managed 137 properties carrying 1.5 million stock units on 376,156 hectares of land .

Dead zones are hypoxic ( low-oxygen ) areas in the world 's oceans and large lakes , caused by `` excessive nutrient pollution from human activities coupled with other factors that deplete the oxygen required to support most marine life in bottom and near-bottom water . ( NOAA ) . '' In the 1970s oceanographers began noting increased instances of dead zones . These occur near inhabited coastlines , where aquatic life is most concentrated . ( The vast middle portions of the oceans , which naturally have little life , are not considered `` dead zones '' . )   In March 2004 , when the recently established UN Environment Programme published its first Global Environment Outlook Year Book ( GEO Year Book 2003 ) , it reported 146 dead zones in the world 's oceans where marine life could not be supported due to depleted oxygen levels . Some of these were as small as a square kilometre ( 0.4 mi ² ) , but the largest dead zone covered 70,000 square kilometres ( 27,000 mi ² ) . A 2008 study counted 405 dead zones worldwide .

Destructive fishing practices are practices that easily result in irreversible damage to aquatic habitats and ecosystems . Many fishing techniques can be destructive if used inappropriately , but some practices are particularly likely to result in irreversible damage . These practices are mostly , though not always , illegal . Where they are illegal , they are often inadequately enforced .

The largest organisms found on Earth can be determined according to various aspects of an organism 's size , such as : mass , volume , area , length , height , or even genome size . Some organisms group together to form a superorganism ( such as ants or bees ) , but such are not classed as single large organisms . The Great Barrier Reef is the world 's largest structure composed of living entities , stretching 2,000 km , but contains many organisms of many types of species .   This article lists the largest species for various types of organisms , and mostly considers extant species . The organism sizes listed are frequently considered `` outsized '' and are not in the normal size range for the respective group .   If considered singular entities , the largest organisms are clonal colonies which can spread over large areas . Pando , a clonal colony of the aspen tree , is widely considered to be the largest such organism by mass . Even if such colonies are excluded , trees retain their dominance of this listing , with the giant sequoia being the most massive tree .   Among animals , the largest species are all marine mammals , specifically whales . The blue whale is believed to be the largest animal to have ever lived . The largest land animal classification is also dominated by mammals , with the African bush elephant being the most massive of these .

In optics , particularly as it relates to film and photography , depth of field ( DOF ) , also called focus range or effective focus range , is the distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image . Although a lens can precisely focus at only one distance at a time , the decrease in sharpness is gradual on each side of the focused distance , so that within the DOF , the unsharpness is imperceptible under normal viewing conditions .   In some cases , it may be desirable to have the entire image sharp , and a large DOF is appropriate . In other cases , a small DOF may be more effective , emphasizing the subject while de-emphasizing the foreground and background . In cinematography , a large DOF is often called deep focus , and a small DOF is often called shallow focus .

The race to the bottom is a socio-economic phrase which is used to describe government deregulation of the business environment or taxes in order to attract or retain economic activity in their jurisdictions . An outcome of globalization and free trade , the phenomenon may occur when competition increases between geographic areas over a particular sector of trade and production .

The German expression Landwirtschaftliche Produktionsgenossenschaft ( English : Agricultural Production Cooperative ) , or -- more commonly -- its acronym LPG was the official designation for large , collectivised farms in East Germany , corresponding to Soviet kolkhoz .   The collectivisation of private and state owned agricultural land in East Germany was the progression of a policy of food security ( at the expense of large scale bourgeois farmers ) . It began in the years of Soviet occupation ( 1945 -- 48 ) as part of the need to govern resources in the Soviet Sector . Beginning with the forced expropriation of all land holdings in excess of 100 ha , land was redistributed in small packets of around 5 to 7 ha to incoming landless refugees driven off lost German territory to the east . These Neubauern ( new farmers ) were given limited ownership rights to the land , meaning that they kept it as long as they worked it . In the early 1950s , remaining farmers with largish holdings ( 60 to 80 ha ) were effectively driven out of business through means such as denying access to pooled machinery and by setting production targets that rose exponentially with amount of land owned to levels that were impossible to meet .   Alongside these coercive actions of expropriation , old and new farmers with smaller land holdings were increasingly encouraged to pool resources in a legally constituted cooperative form , the LPG , in which initially just land but later animals and machinery were shared and worked together . These were not `` state-owned '' farms ( although a few of these did exist ) - land , except as mentioned above , remained legally in private ownership and the LPG , although often dominated by communist party cadres , was a distinct legal entity operating independently as far as was feasible within the constraints of a planned economy . However , from the early 1960s , pressure mounted on remaining independent farmers to join the LPGs and for existing LPGs to merge in more fully collectivised forms . This process , and a drive to increased industrialisation , led in the 1970s to the separation of crop and animal production and the merging of each across villages to form much larger cooperative units in which , for example , one LPG for crop production with perhaps 3000 ha of land would supply feed to two LPGs working in animal production .   Following German reunification in 1990 , the LPG was no longer a legal form of business and regulations were introduced governing their dissolution and the restructuring of enterprises into other legal forms . Some former LPG members , typically those with a strong family background in independent farming , reclaimed their land and started again as independent farmers building up to a viable farm size through renting . In most cases , however , former members or their children settled for some level of compensation in return for surrendering their membership rights to a smaller core group of former managers who then took over the business in the new form of a limited company ( GmbH ) . This settlement and compensation process was at times fought over and at times accepted with resignation depending often on the amount of wealth to be distributed and on the degree of trust by the general membership and village population in the ability of managers to carry on the enterprise as successful employers . In some cases , an eingetragene Genossenschaft , a form of cooperative farming , persisted as allowed under existing German law .

Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus -- Zaire Ebola virus ( rVSV-ZEBOV ) is an experimental vaccine for protection against Ebola virus disease . Results of a clinical trial published in December 2016 found the vaccine to be 70 -- 100 % effective in preventing infection and to have mild to moderate side effects . How long the benefits last is unclear .   rVSV-ZEBOV is a recombinant , replication-competent vaccine . It consists of a vesicular stomatitis virus ( VSV ) , which has been genetically engineered to express a glycoprotein from the Zaire ebolavirus so as to provoke a neutralizing immune response to the Ebola virus .   It was created by scientists at the National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg , Canada , which is part of the Public Health Agency of Canada ( PHAC ) . PHAC licensed it to a small company , NewLink Genetics , which started developing the vaccine ; NewLink in turn licensed it to Merck in 2014 . It is unavailable for commercial use as of December 2016 .

In the feudal system the demesne ( -LSB- dᵻˈmeɪn -RSB- ) was all the land which was retained by a lord of the manor for his own use and support , under his own management , as distinguished from land sub-enfeoffed by him to others as sub-tenants . In England royal demesne is the land held by the Crown , and ancient demesne is the legal term for the land held by the king at the time of the Domesday Book .


Question: 50% of individuals polled globally in the previous year expressed their belief that climate change will lead to human extinction, reflecting widespread concern over environmental degradation's long-term impacts on our species' survival.

 Climate Change Anxiety: A Growing Concern Worldwide
A recent survey reveals alarming statistics about public perception regarding climate change impacts; nearly fifty percent believe it could lead to human extinction. This pervasive fear stems largely from escalating global temperatures resulting directly from increased carbon dioxide levels - primarily emitted through burning fossil fuels. Such concerns highlight growing awareness among citizens across continents who perceive dire consequences linked explicitly to unchecked greenhouse gases accumulation within earth’s atmosphere. Additionally, extreme weather events exacerbated by warmer climates contribute significantly to mounting anxieties surrounding future habitability prospects for mankind. Notably, younger generations express heightened apprehension concerning planetary health deterioration potentially rendering survival untenable henceforth. Consequently, urgent action aimed at mitigating anthropogenic contributions becomes imperative lest current trends culminate catastrophically impacting all terrestrial ecosystems inclusively humans therein.

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Koen Vanmechelen ( born August 26 , 1965 in Sint-Truiden ) is a Belgian multi - and transdisciplinary artist who began his career in the early 1990s . He is one of the most prolific and prominent contemporary artists in Belgium . Central to his extensive and innovative oeuvre is the concept of bio-cultural diversity , which he investigates through the Gallus gallus domesticus or chicken and its ancestral species , the red junglefowl or Gallus gallus .   Vanmechelen gained worldwide acclaim with his Cosmopolitan Chicken Project ( CCP ) , an international undertaking of crossbreeding national chicken species , in search of a Cosmopolitan Chicken . His 20th generation , the Mechelse Wyandotte , was born in September 2016 in Detroit . Vanmechelen has several projects parallel to the CCP : The CosmoGolem , The Walking Egg , MOUTH , COMBAT and The Cosmopolitan Chicken Research Project ( CC ® P ) , all of which he manages from his Open University of Diversity , located in the old Gelatin Factory near Hasselt Harbour .   The artist 's work is an investigation of and an ode to the beautiful diversity and hybridity of life : Biocultural diversity and the consequent interaction between art and science form the core theme of his oeuvre . Vanmechelen often collaborates with scientists and experts from different disciplines , such as Jean-Jacques Cassiman , Rik Pinxten and Marleen Temmerman . He uses innovative technologies such as 3D-scanning , morphometrics , 3D-printing and interactive 3D visualisation . His works are inherently cross-medial and interdisciplinary . Vanmechelen creates , amongst others , expressive paintings and drawings , photography , video , installation art and wooden sculptures . The common visual theme throughout these various methods of expression are the chicken and the egg . These have , over the years , become important symbols to Vanmechelen , allowing the artist to interconnect scientific , philosophical , and ethical issues , and to frame the subject of debates and lectures .   A new species of flat worm discovered in Venice ( It ) during the artist solo exhibition Nato a Venezia at the biennial of Venice was in 2013 named Trigonostomum Vanmecheleni in honour of the artist .

David P. Schmitt is a personality psychologist who founded the International Sexuality Description Project ( ISDP ) . The ISDP is the largest-ever cross-cultural research study on sex and personality . Over 100 psychologists simultaneously administered an anonymous self-report survey to 17,837 individuals representing 56 different nations , 6 continents , 13 islands , and 30 languages . Direct assessments of people 's personality traits and sexual behaviors have led to innovative tests of evolutionary psychology and social role theory . A second wave of the ISDP is currently underway and includes measures of subjective well-being , social dominance , sexual aggression , rape attitudes , HIV risk , and psychopathy .

Recreational drug use is the use of a psychoactive drug to alter one 's mental state in a way that modifies emotions , perceptions , and feelings for recreational purposes . When a substance enters the user 's body , it brings on an intoxicating effect , often referred to as a `` high '' . Generally , people use recreational drugs that fall into three categories : depressants ( these drugs produce a feeling of relaxation and calmness ) ; stimulants ( these drugs give the user a sense of energy and alertness ) ; and psychedelic drugs ( these cause hallucinations and perceptual distortions that some users find appealing ) . In popular usage , it is generally considered to be a tolerated social behaviour rather than a serious medical condition such as self-medication .   Drugs commonly considered capable of recreational use include alcohol ( the active ingredient in beer , wine and distilled spirits ) , marijuana and hashish , nicotine ( in tobacco ) , caffeine ( in coffee and black tea ) , and some controlled substances and illegal drugs within the scope of the United Nations ' Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and Convention on Psychotropic Substances . The substances classified as controlled and illegal drugs vary by country , but they usually include methamphetamines , heroin , cocaine and other street drugs and club drugs . In 2009 it was estimated that about 3 % to 6 % of people aged 15 to 65 had used illegal drugs at least once ( 149 to 270 million ) . International and domestic law enforcement agencies are perpetually occupied with interdiction efforts against illegal drug use , manufacture , and distribution .

The world population increased by 2.1 % this year ; the highest in history .

The deep web , invisible web , or hidden web are parts of the World Wide Web whose contents are not indexed by standard search engines for any reason . The content is hidden behind HTML forms . It is estimated that the deep web makes up 96 % of the whole internet . The opposite term to the deep web is the surface web . The deep web includes many very common uses such as web mail and online banking but also paid for services with a paywall such as video on demand , and many more . Computer scientist Michael K. Bergman is credited with coining the term deep web in 2001 as a search indexing term .

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Greece , including ethnicity , education level , health of the populace , economic status , religious affiliations and other aspects of the population .   The Demographics of Greece refer to the demography of the population that inhabits the Greek peninsula . The population of Greece was estimated by the United Nations to 10,955,000 in 2015 .

Manfred Steger , professor of Global Studies at the University of Hawaii at Manoa argues that globalization has four main dimensions : economic , political , cultural , ecological , with ideological aspects of each category . David Held 's book Global Transformations is organized around the same dimensions , though the ecological is not listed in the title . This set of categories relates to the four-domain approach of circles of social life , and Circles of Sustainability .   Steger compares the current study of globalization to the ancient Buddhist parable of blind scholars and their first encounter with an elephant . Similar to the blind scholars , some globalization scholars are too focused on compacting globalization into a singular process and clashes over `` which aspect of social life constitutes its primary domain '' prevail .

Viewing religiosity through the lenses of differing personality characteristics provides a relatively empirical way to study a difficult concept . Over time , the act of being religious has been a consistent behavior across almost every culture , and thus provides evidence that our personality can help explain the seeming predisposition that religious people have .   With the ability to use modern , empirically tested personality measures , researchers can link results with religiosity . In linking personality measures with religion , it is possible to quantitatively study results , which can provide insight into how , and why religion is such an important element of being human . However , more research is needed to definitively say that there is a correlation between personality characteristics and religion .

Debt bondage , also known as debt slavery or bonded labour , is a person 's pledge of labour or services as security for the repayment for a debt or other obligation . The services required to repay the debt may be undefined , and the services ' duration may be undefined . Debt bondage can be passed on from generation to generation .   Currently , debt bondage is the most common method of enslavement with an estimated 8.1 million people bonded to labour illegally as cited by the International Labour Organization in 2005 . Debt bondage has been described by the United Nations as a form of `` modern day slavery '' and the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery seeks to abolish the practice . Though most countries in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are parties to the Convention , the practice is still prevalent primarily in these regions . It is predicted that 84 to 88 % of the bonded labourers in the world are in South Asia . Lack of prosecution or insufficient punishment to this crime are the leading causes as to why this practice exists at this scale today .

France is a country where freedom of religion and freedom of thought are guaranteed by virtue of the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen . The Republic is based on the principle of laïcité ( or `` freedom of conscience '' ) enforced by the 1880s Jules Ferry laws and the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State . Roman Catholicism , the religion of a majority of French people , is no longer the state religion that it was before the French Revolution and throughout the various , non-republican regimes of the 19th century ( the Restoration , the July Monarchy and the Second French Empire ) .   Major religions practised in France include Catholic Christianity , Islam , Judaism , various branches of Protestantism , Hinduism , Russian Orthodoxy , Armenian Christianity , and Sikhism amongst others , making it a multiconfessional country . While millions in France continue to attend religious services regularly , the overall level of observance is considerably lower than in the past . According to the Eurobarometer Poll conducted in 2010 , 27 % of French citizens responded that `` they believe there is a God '' , 33 % answered that `` they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force '' , and 40 % answered that `` they do not believe there is any sort of spirit , God , or life force '' . This makes France one of the more atheistic countries in the world .