Question: Consider the recent developments at Antarctica's Larsen C Ice Shelf last May: within merely half a week, a fissure expanded eleven miles across, continuing unabated since then. Presently, only a mere distance of three miles separates that fracture from reaching the ocean - potentially, even before your eyes peruse these words, it might've already unleashed what could be among history’s largest-ever icebergs upon detachment, or 'calving', as romantically termed.

 Ice Shelf Calving: A Dramatic Event in Antarctica
In recent years, Antarctica has witnessed alarming changes, particularly concerning its massive ice shelves. One striking event occurred during May when a significant rift within Larsen C – one of the largest remaining ice shelves – expanded dramatically. Over merely six days, this fracture extended eleven miles, demonstrating the rapid pace of glacial transformation under current conditions. By June, the gap had narrowed down to mere three miles separating the ice block from breaking off completely into the Weddell Sea—a phenomenon termed "calving." If detached while reading this account, what would emerge could rank among history’s greatest icebergs, potentially spanning thousands of square kilometers.
This calving episode highlights how rising temperatures contribute to ice sheet instability around Antarctica. Scientists attribute accelerated melting predominantly to anthropogenic influences—greenhouse gases trapping heat leading to global warming. Such events disrupt local ecosystems dependent upon stable ice platforms for survival, impacting various marine life forms significantly. Moreover, they underscore urgent need for international cooperation addressing climate change mitigation strategies aimed at preserving fragile environments like those found here.
Historically viewed as remote wilderness untouched by civilization, Antarctica increasingly becomes focal point illustrating consequences associated with unchecked carbon emission levels globally. Research bases established across continental terrain serve dual purposes: monitoring ecological shifts closely whilst conducting studies essential for understanding broader planetary health dynamics. Despite harsh living conditions faced regularly by personnel stationed there seasonally—or even permanently—their collective work contributes invaluable insights guiding future policy decisions regarding sustainable development practices necessary for safeguarding Earth's unique biomes against irreversible damage inflicted through man-made pollutants accumulating atmospherically over decades unregulated sufficiently thus exacerbating overall warming trends observed universally without regard regional differences encountered naturally occurring cycles instead emphasizing unnatural acceleration thereof attributable directly indirect actions taken collectively humanity writ large ignoring warnings signs presented repeatedly yet failing act concertedly mitigate effects accordingly timely fashion ensuring long-term viability diverse habitats supporting countless interdependent species reliant upon delicate balance maintained centuries prior onset Industrial Revolution ushering era unparalleled exploitation finite resources resulting widespread degradation formerly pristine landscapes replaced sprawling cities devoid organic vitality once abundant therein freely roaming wild beasts supplanted domesticated counterparts confined artificial enclosures designed accommodate needs wants modern society foregoing ancient wisdom accumulated generations favor short-sighted gains achieved sacrificing priceless treasures irreplaceable lost forevermore unless drastic measures undertaken immediately reverse course set forth new direction prioritizing preservation above profit margins calculated quarterly reports submitted faceless corporations answerable neither gods nor men only bottom line regardless cost incurred achieving desired outcome measured solely monetary terms disregarding collateral damages inflicted innocent bystanders caught crossfire greed versus necessity playing out daily basis

Remetalk Point ( Nos Remetalk \ ` nos 're - me-talk \ ) , is a point on the east coast of the Ioannes Paulus II Peninsula , Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands , Antarctica formed by an offshoot of Oryahovo Heights . It separates the glacier termini of Medven Glacier to the north and Berkovitsa Glacier to the south .   The point is named after the Thracian king Remetalk III , 38-46 AD .

Recess Nunatak is a small but conspicuous nunatak 1 nautical mile ( 1.9 km ) west of Mount Perkins , in the Fosdick Mountains of the Ford Ranges , Marie Byrd Land . Mapped by the United States Antarctic Service ( USAS ) ( 1939 -- 41 ) . Later mapped by United States Geological Survey ( USGS ) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos ( 1959 -- 65 ) . So named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names ( US-ACAN ) because the nunatak is recessed in the ice at the base due to windscooping .    Category : Nunataks of Marie Byrd Land

Dinsmoor Glacier is a glacier flowing from the south edge of Detroit Plateau on Nordenskjöld Coast , Graham Land in Antarctica . It drains eastwards between Darzalas Peak and Mount Elliott to enter Mundraga Bay . Mapped from surveys by Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey ( FIDS ) ( 1960 -- 61 ) . Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee ( UK-APC ) for Charles Dinsmoor of Warren , PA , who invented the endless tracking `` vehicle '' in 1886 , a forerunner of the modern continuous track and tracked vehicles . It was first manufactured commercially by Holt Manufacturing Company of Stockton , California in 1906 .

Dennison Reef is a reef between the Shull Rocks and the Pauling Islands , lying east of the south end of the Biscoe Islands in Crystal Sound . It was mapped from air photos obtained by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition ( 1947 -- 48 ) and from surveys by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey ( 1958 -- 59 ) . It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for David M. Dennison , a physicist who took x-ray diffraction pictures which were used to interpret the crystal structure of ice .

Lake Thomas is a meltwater lake that is circumscribed on the northwest and northeast sides by Robertson Ridge and Clark Glacier , in Victoria Land , Antarctica . It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Robert H. Thomas who participated in United States Antarctic Research Program studies of the surface glaciology of the Ross Ice Shelf in the 1973 -- 74 and 1974 -- 75 seasons .

Larsen Nunatak is a nunatak 2 nmi north of Murdoch Nunatak in the Seal Nunataks group , off the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula . The Seal Nunataks were discovered by a Norwegian whaling expedition under C.A. Larsen in December 1893 , and commemoration of Larsen was proposed by Ludwig Friederichsen in 1895 . The application of this name is based upon a 1947 survey by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey .

Rachel Glacier is a glacier on the east coast of Graham Land , 6 nautical miles ( 11 km ) long , flowing east between Krupen Ridge and Padesh Ridge to enter Exasperation Inlet southwest of Mihaylovski Crag . The name , applied by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee ( UK-APC ) , is taken from Herman Melville 's Moby Dick , the Rachel being a ship from Nantucket which met the Pequod and brought news of a lost whaleboat .   Category : Glaciers of Graham Land  Category : Oscar II Coast

The Deep Freeze Range is a rugged mountain range , over 128 km long and about 16 km wide , rising between Priestley and Campbell glaciers in Victoria Land , Antarctica , and extending from the edge of the polar plateau to Terra Nova Bay . Peaks in the low and mid portions of the range were observed by early British expeditions to the Ross Sea .   The range was mapped in detail by the USGS from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos , 1955-63 . Named by US-ACAN in recognition of the splendid support to research provided by the U.S. Navy 's Operation Deep Freeze expeditions to Antarctica for many years beginning in 1954 .  __ NOTOC __

The Resonance method of ice destruction means breaking sheet-ice which has formed over a body of water by causing the ice and water to oscillate up and down until the ice suffers sufficient mechanical fatigue to cause a fracture .

Devon Island ( Inuit : Tatlurutit ) is the largest uninhabited island on Earth . It is located in Baffin Bay , Qikiqtaaluk Region , Nunavut , Canada . It is one of the larger members of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago , the second-largest of the Queen Elizabeth Islands , Canada 's sixth largest island , and the 27th-largest island in the world . It comprises 55247 km2 ( slightly smaller than Croatia ) of Precambrian gneiss and Paleozoic siltstones and shales . The highest point is the Devon Ice Cap at 1920 m which is part of the Arctic Cordillera . Devon Island contains several small mountain ranges , such as the Treuter Mountains , Haddington Range and the Cunningham Mountains .


Question: Achieving the target set by the Paris Agreement for limiting temperature rise to two degrees Celsius may still result in major urban centers such as Mumbai and Dhaka facing conditions akin to unlivable environments, with annual occurrences of lethal heatwaves reminiscent of their devastating experiences back in 2015.

 Climate Change Threatens Urban Centers: A Case Study of Karachi
Climate change presents severe challenges to densely populated megacities around the globe, particularly those situated near coastlines. Cities like Karachi and Kolkata exemplify areas facing dire consequences under projected scenarios of even moderate global warming levels—such as meeting the ambitious target set forth within the Paris Agreement aiming to limit average temperatures rise below two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial norms. Despite international commitments aimed at curbing carbon footprints globally, experts warn that without drastic interventions, metropolises akin to Karachi could soon turn virtually unlivable yearly enduring catastrophic heatwaves reminiscent of devastating episodes witnessed back in 2015.
Nestled along the shores of the Arabian Sea lies Karachi—a bustling commercial nerve center serving as both provincial capital for Sind Province alongside being recognized amongst top ten biggest cities worldwide based solely upon resident counts alone! Boasting status equivalent to Beta World Classifications according to GaWC rankings; this dynamic urban landscape serves dual roles functioning simultaneously either industrially thriving heartland plus leading finance district countrywide. Moreover, Karachi boasts cultural diversity unparalleled anywhere else nationwide reflecting rich tapestry woven together through amalgamation various linguistic backgrounds coupled closely knit communal ties spanning across multiple faith traditions.
Historical records trace origins dating all way back early eighteenth century when original settlement emerged initially christened "Kolachi" later transforming gradually yet steadily morphed contemporary incarnation thanks largely due pivotal role played erstwhile Raj administration overseeing construction critical infrastructure projects focused heavily constructing vital port facilities connecting seamlessly expansive rail networks crisscrossing entire subcontinent. Post-partition era saw exponential demographic expansion fueled influx countless numbers newly arrived citizens fleeing neighboring regions post-independence turmoil seeking refuge safe haven offered here instead. Consequently, municipal authorities found themselves grappling urgent need accommodate rapidly swelling populace amidst ongoing reconstruction efforts geared ensuring smooth transition new sovereign statehood.
Today’s Karachi remains bastion progressive values championing principles pluralism tolerance coexistence despite lingering tensions simmering just beneath surface occasionally flaring up sporadically resulting outbreaks violence targeting specific groups perceived threatening prevailing social order stability. Nevertheless, overall atmosphere continues conducive fostering harmonious existence among inhabitants hailing myriad different walks life contributing significantly nation-building endeavors undertaken collectively since inception modern day Islamic Republic Pakistan.
Economically speaking, significance cannot overstated considering fact contributes substantially national exchequer generating substantial revenues via taxation mechanisms implemented locally thereby accounting roughly twenty percent gross domestic product figures reported annually. Additionally, manufacturing sector accounts nearly thirty percentage points total industrial outputs generated domestically whereas maritime terminals located strategically harbor vicinity facilitate handling ninety five per cent volume external

Dhaka National Medical College is an educational institution in Dhaka , Bangladesh . It was founded in 1925 as the Dhaka National Medical Institute which was then situated near Bahadur Shah Park .   Following the 1972 independence of Bangladesh , the educational function of the Dhaka National Medical Institute became moribund , although the associated hospital remained active . A medical college capability was restored with the creation of the Dhaka National Medical College . It was inaugurated on 15 October 1994 and was opened to its first students.It has a 650 bedded multidisciplinary hospital complex adjacent to the academic building.The college offers a five-year course of study , approved by the Bangladesh Medical and Dental Council ( BMDC ) , leading to a Bachelor of Medicine & Bachelor of Surgery ( MBBS ) degree from Dhaka University . After passing the final professional examination , there is a compulsory one-year internship .

The Laccadive Sea or Lakshadweep Sea is a body of water bordering India ( including its Lakshadweep islands ) , the Maldives , and Sri Lanka . It is located to the west of Kerala . This warm sea has a stable water temperature through the year and is rich in marine life , with the Gulf of Mannar alone hosting about 3,600 species . Trivandrum , Kochi , Colombo , Quilon and Malé are the major cities on the shore of the Laccadive Sea .

In demographics , the rank mobility index ( RMI ) is a measure of a city 's change in population rank among a group of cities .   Formally   where   R1 = city 's rank at time 1  R2 = city 's rank at time 2   A RMI value must be between − 1 and 1 . A RMI of 0 indicates no change .   Category : Index numbers

Desi Jews are Jews living in South Asia ( or originally from this region , also known as the Indian subcontinent ) who belong to communities that had been integrated into South Asian culture and society .   The term Desi , found in most South Asian languages , is used by the South Asians to refer to themselves . It means `` one of us , of our land '' , alluding to a common culture ( the opposite is Paradesi or Videshi aka non-Desi , `` foreigner '' , see Paradesi Jews ) . After the 1947 partition , the term is also employed when it is intended to avoid any allusion to the specific state of origin , also when the topic involves all the Indian subcontinent . Many outsiders tend to indiscriminately use the word `` Indian '' for South Asian people and culture . This might be considered offensive by non-Indian Desi ( the state of India is just a part of the Indian subcontinent ) .   Unlike other areas of the world , the Jewish communities were accepted and integrated in the local society of the Indian subcontinent . Also , similar to the Parsis , and other ( originally ) foreign communities , the preservation of group identity was facilitated by the caste system . In Desi society , a person 's allegiance to a group , part of its fabric , is presumed and respected .   The Desi Jewish communities are some of the oldest in world , with more than 2000 years of continuity in the Indian subcontinent ( such as the Cochin Jews and the Bene Israel ) . Most of them lived on the coast of the Arabian Sea . They were involved in trade in the Malabar area , also in the production of oil . A turning point was the arrival of the Portuguese in the 16th century . They introduced the Inquisition on the west coast of the Indian subcontinent , persecuting the Jewish and Christian communities . The arrival of the Europeans facilitated the immigration of Jews with Sephardi and Mizrahi backgrounds . In the times of the British Raj the arrival of the Sephardim and Mizrahim who were to be considered `` Europeans '' by the British authority , hence their name of Paradesi Jews ( `` White Jews '' ) created some friction with the shunned older Desi communities .   After the mid-20th century , when the Indian subcontinent was partitoned and Israel gained independence , most Desi Jews emigrated mainly to Israel .

Dire Dawa ( ድሬ ዳዋ , Dirre Dhawaa , lit . `` Place of Remedy '' , Dirre Dhabe , meaning `` where Dir hit his spear into the ground '' , ديري داوا ) is one of two chartered cities ( astedader akabibi ) in Ethiopia ( the other being the capital , Addis Ababa ) . It is divided administratively into two woredas , the city proper and the non-urban woreda of Gurgura . According to the `` Futuh Al Habasha : Conquest of Abyssinia '' , the area or settlement was only called Dir after the major Somali clan around 5 centuries ago .   Dire Dawa lies in the eastern part of the nation , on the Dechatu River , at the foot of a ring of cliffs that has been described as `` somewhat like a cluster of tea-leaves in the bottom of a slop-basin . '' At a latitude and longitude of , it is the second largest city in Ethiopia .   The city is an industrial centre , home to several markets and the Aba Tenna Dejazmach Yilma International Airport . Haramaya University is 40 km away .

Kopar Khairane is a node of Navi Mumbai . It was built mostly on reclaimed land by the City and Industrial Development Corporation ( CIDCO ) .   Kopar Khairane railway station is located in sector-8A of the node . On the Thane-Belapur road side of the station is located the enormous Dhirubhai Ambani Knowledge City ( DAKC ) , the headquarters of Reliance Communications - the largest CDMA telecom operator in India . Also located closely is Millennium Business Park ( MBP ) . This node is located between Ghansoli and Turbhe on the Thane-Vashi railway line .

Dilip Mahalanabis ( born November 12 , 1934 ) is an Indian pediatrician who received post-graduate training in pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore . In the mid-1960s he did research on cholera and other diarrheal diseases at the Johns Hopkins International Center for Medical Research and Training in Calcutta , India . During the Bangladesh 's war for independence he led the effort by the Johns Hopkins Center that demonstrated the dramatic life-saving effectiveness of oral rehydration therapy when cholera broke out in 1971 among refugees from East Bengal ( now Bangladesh ) who had sought asylum in West Bengal .   In the mid-1980s and early 1990s he was a medical officer in the Diarrheal Disease Control Programme of the WHO . Later in the 1990s he served as the Director of Clinical Research at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research , Bangladesh ( the ICDDR , B ) .   In 1994 , Mahalanabis was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . In 2002 Dr. Mahalanabis , Dr. Nathaniel Pierce , Dr. David Nalin and Dr. Norbert Hirschhorn , were awarded the first Pollin Prize in Pediatric Research for their contributions to the discovery and implementation of oral rehydration therapy . In 2006 Dr. Mahalanabis , Dr. Richard A. Cash and Dr. David Nalin were awarded the Prince Mahidol Prize , also for their role in the development and application of oral rehydration therapy . Oral rehydration therapy is an alternative to intravenous rehydration therapy for preventing and treating dehydration from diarrhea when intravenous therapy is not available or feasible . Oral rehydration therapy is calculated by the World Health Organization to have saved the lives of over 60 million persons .   At present , Dr. Mahalanabis lives with his wife , Dr. Jayanti Mahalanabis ( a high energy physics researcher ) , in Kolkata , India ( Calcutta ) and holds the post of Director of the Society for Applied Studies ( a public post ) , Kolkata .

Rampur -LSB- ` rahmpoor -RSB- ( ; Urdu : ) is a city and a municipality in and headquarters of Rampur District in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . It was formerly known for its various industries , including sugar refining and cotton milling . Its library has more than 12,000 rare manuscripts and a fine collection of Mughal miniature paintings .   It is the administrative headquarters of Rampur District . According to the government of India , the Rampur District is one of several Muslim majority districts on the basis of the 2001 census data on population , socio-economic indicators and basic amenities indicators .

Daudpur kothi is a colony in Muzaffarpur district , Bihar state , India .   Muzaffarpur Institute of Technology ( MIT ) also comes under this local area . It is situated at the bank of river Budhi gandak and also having an ancient shiv temple . Most of the doctors , engineers & Bank employees are living there . It is a well established colony .  the other name of this colony is MANASPURI .   Category : Villages in Muzaffarpur district

Dev ( born Deepak Adhikari on 25 December 1982 ) is an Indian film actor , producer , entertainer , singer known for his works in Bengali cinema and more recently politician . He owns the production house Dev Entertainment Ventures Pvt. Ltd. .   Born in Keshpur , he made his acting debut in the 2006 film Agnishapath . Dev faced flak after the film was released and turned out to be critically and commercially flop . He received breakthrough by starring in I Love You opposite Payal Sarkar . Directed by Ravi Kinnagi , though the film was critically unsuccessful but was commercially successful and was quick to resurrect his career . Despite the success , Dev had n't got any work for the next fourteen months .   He made a comeback on the silver screen with Premer Kahini , opposite Koel Mullick , his first with the latter with whom he went on to star in numerous films . A remake of the Kannada hit Mungaru Male , the film was moderate successful . Dev got his another breakthrough by Challenge which opened to critical and commercial success . He received the Anandalok Awards for Best Actor and Best Action Hero for his performance in the film . He continued to garner commercial success and wider attention through his successful films , including Le Chakka Dui Prithibi , Paglu , Challenge 2 , Khoka 420 , Rangbaaz .   He had been a recipient of numerous awards and nominations , namely Tele Cine Awards , Kalakar Awards , Filmfare Awards East and Filmfare Awards East 2017 . His accomplishments have made him one of the highest paid and sought out actors of Bengali cinema.Though he have delivered some critically acclaimed performances , Dev is often trolled for his poor ascent , average acting skills , his winning of the Mahanayak Samman by Government of West Bengal and his work as a politician .   Dev had also been a mentor on the Bengali dance reality show , Dance Bangla Dance , replacing Mithun Chakraborty . He is now also an honorable Member of Parliament of India from the Ghatal constituency , as a candidate from the party All India Trinamool Congress .


Question: Achieving the target of limiting temperature rise to two degrees as outlined by the Paris Agreement might still render metropolises such as Lagos and Mumbai nearly unlivable, with yearly occurrences of lethal heatwaves akin to the ones they suffered back in 2017.

 Implications of Exceeding Two-Degree Celsius Threshold
Exceeding the globally agreed-upon threshold of two-degree Celsius warming could lead to catastrophic consequences, transforming major metropolises into nearly unlivable environments. Cities such as Karachi and Kolkata might face annual onslaughts of lethal heatwaves akin to the devastating events experienced in 2015. These extreme conditions underscore the urgency of addressing climate change beyond mere rhetoric; they necessitate concrete measures aimed at curbing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing resilience against rising temperatures.
Mitigating climate change demands concerted effort across nations, focusing on decreasing anthropogenic contributions while bolstering nature’s ability to absorb CO2 via afforestation initiatives. Achieving effective mitigation hinges upon recognizing climate stabilization as a shared responsibility—wherein independent actions based solely on self-interest fall woefully inadequate. Instead, collaborative frameworks become indispensable, ensuring equitable distribution of burdens among various stakeholders.
Adaptation strategies often manifest themselves within localized contexts where immediate benefits materialize for implementing entities. However, financial constraints pose significant barriers especially for economically disadvantaged communities seeking refuge under protective umbrellas. Consequently, innovative funding mechanisms assume paramount importance in facilitating access to necessary resources without exacerbating existing inequalities.
Strategies encompassing phase-out plans targeting fossil fuels alongside investments in alternative energies promise substantial dividends both environmentally and socioeconomically. Enhancing building insulation represents another viable avenue contributing significantly towards overall energy conservation objectives. Additionally, exploring novel approaches under the umbrella of geoengineering warrants careful consideration given its potential implications spanning ethical dilemmas surrounding planetary-scale interventions.
The overarching goal enshrined within United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) revolves around stabilizing atmospheric concentration levels deemed safe enough so as not compromise ecological balance irreversibly. Determining thresholds requiring urgent attention entails subjective assessments influenced heavily by prevailing societal values rather than purely scientific metrics alone.
In recognition thereof, signatories committed during COP-17 deliberations held back in Durban reaffirmed commitment towards maintaining maximum permissible deviation from baseline figures established prior to Industrial Revolution onset capped firmly at +2°C mark. Subsequent negotiations culminated successfully leading up until adoption ceremony conducted recently whereby aspirational targets were recalibrated downwards aiming instead at achieving <1.5°C increment henceforth. Unfortunately though, contemporary trajectories traced out by escalating emission profiles seem incompatible altogether vis-a-vis aforementioned benchmarks thereby necessitating radical course corrections going forward lest irreversible damage ensues unabatedly.
Alternative policy prescriptions abound ranging widely along spectrum delineating varying degrees stringency/moderation depending largely upon underlying assumptions concerning feasibility trade-offs inherent therein when juxtap

The city of Detroit , in the U.S. state of Michigan , has gone through a major economic and demographic decline in recent decades . The population of the city has fallen from a high of 1,850,000 in 1950 to 677,116 in 2015 , kicking it off the top 20 of US cities by population for the first time since 1850 . The city 's automobile industry has suffered from global competition and has moved much of the remaining production out of Detroit . Local crime rates are among the highest in the United States , and vast areas of the city are in a state of severe urban decay . In 2013 , Detroit filed the largest municipal bankruptcy case in U.S. history , which it successfully exited on December 10 , 2014 . However , poverty , crime , and urban blight in Detroit continue to be ongoing problems .

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus . Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection . This may include a high fever , headache , vomiting , muscle and joint pains , and a characteristic skin rash . Recovery generally takes two to seven days . In a small proportion of cases , the disease develops into the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever , resulting in bleeding , low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage , or into dengue shock syndrome , where dangerously low blood pressure occurs .   Dengue is spread by several species of mosquito of the Aedes type , principally A. aegypti . The virus has five different types ; infection with one type usually gives lifelong immunity to that type , but only short-term immunity to the others . Subsequent infection with a different type increases the risk of severe complications . A number of tests are available to confirm the diagnosis including detecting antibodies to the virus or its RNA .   A novel vaccine for dengue fever has been approved and is commercially available in a number of countries . Other methods of prevention are by reducing mosquito habitat and limiting exposure to bites . This may be done by getting rid of or covering standing water and wearing clothing that covers much of the body . Treatment of acute dengue is supportive and includes giving fluid either by mouth or intravenously for mild or moderate disease . For more severe cases blood transfusion may be required . About half a million people require admission to hospital a year . Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) such as ibuprofen should not be used .   Dengue has become a global problem since the Second World War and is common in more than 110 countries . Each year between 50 and 528 million people are infected and approximately 10,000 to 20,000 die . The earliest descriptions of an outbreak date from 1779 . Its viral cause and spread were understood by the early 20th century . Apart from eliminating the mosquitoes , work is ongoing for medication targeted directly at the virus . It is classified as a neglected tropical disease .

Chennai , along with Mumbai , Delhi and Kolkata , is one of the few Indian cities that are home to a diverse population of ethno-religious communities .   According to the 2011 census Chennai then had a total population of 4,681,087 at a density of 26,902 per square kilometre ; the sex ratio was 986 ‰ and literacy rate was 90.33 % .   The most widely spoken languages are Tamil , Telugu and English Hinduism is followed by a majority of the populace followed by Islam and Christianity . Sikhism , Jainism , Buddhism and Zoroastrianism are other religions practiced .

The 1755 Lisbon earthquake , also known as the Great Lisbon earthquake , occurred in the Kingdom of Portugal on Saturday , 1 November , the holy day of All Saints ' Day , at around 09:40 local time . In combination with subsequent fires and a tsunami , the earthquake almost totally destroyed Lisbon and adjoining areas . Seismologists today estimate the Lisbon earthquake had a magnitude in the range 8.5 -- 9.0 on the moment magnitude scale , with its epicentre in the Atlantic Ocean about 200 km ( 120 mi ) west-southwest of Cape St. Vincent . Estimates place the death toll in Lisbon alone between 10,000 and 100,000 people , making it one of the deadliest earthquakes in history .   The earthquake accentuated political tensions in the Kingdom of Portugal and profoundly disrupted the country 's colonial ambitions . The event was widely discussed and dwelt upon by European Enlightenment philosophers , and inspired major developments in theodicy . As the first earthquake studied scientifically for its effects over a large area , it led to the birth of modern seismology and earthquake engineering .

LSE Cities is a research centre at the London School of Economics and Political Science .   The purpose of the centre is to increase knowledge and understanding of how people and cities interact in a rapidly urbanising world , focusing on how the physical form and design of cities impacts on society , culture and the environment ; and educate and train new generations of researchers and executives through its postgraduate and executive programmes . The 10-year old Urban Age project is the centre 's major outreach component . This international investigation of how the physical and social are interconnected in cities has held conferences in 13 cities across four continents , including Delhi , Rio de Janeiro , London , Hong Kong , Istanbul , São Paulo , Mumbai , Mexico City , Johannesburg , Berlin , Shanghai and New York City . Urban Age is jointly organised with Deutsche Bank 's Alfred Herrhausen Gesellschaft .   The centre 's main research activities are divided into three research units :  1 . Cities , Space and Society  2 . Cities and the Environment  3 . Urban Governance   Ricky Burdett is the director of LSE Cities . Philipp Rode acts as the executive director .

The Reduction of Lagos or Bombardment of Lagos involved the British Navy 's attacks on Lagos in the fourth quarter of 1851 under the pretext of abolishing the Trans Atlantic Slave Trade . Many intersecting interests including British empire building , British missionary motivations , British mercantile motivations , a deposed monarch 's motivations ( Akitoye ) , and Saro recaptive motivations , provided Whitehall with the necessary impetus for military action against the sovereign of Lagos , Oba Kosoko .

Relentless is a 2010 Nigerian drama film , co-produced and directed by Andy Amadi Okoroafor ; it stars Gideon Okeke , Nneka Egbuna , Jimmy Jean-Louis and Tope Oshin Ogun . It was released on 13 October 2010 at the BFI London Film Festival , and was positively received ; mostly praised for its cinematography and soundtrack .   The film which is set in Freetown and Lagos , narrates the story of Obi ( Gideon Okeke ) , a Nigerian peacekeeping soldier who has been deployed to war-torn Sierra Leone . Obi 's world is crushed after Blessing , a Sierra Leonean woman whom Obi loves , is mutilated by a gang of child soldiers and he 's forced to kill her in order to put her out of pain and misery . He eventually returns to Lagos after the war , and tries to reintegrate himself into his community ; in the process , he finds solace in the arms of a prostitute , Honey ( Nneka Egbuna ) who may help him forget his haunting past and lead him to self-discovery .

Lagado is a fictional city from the satirical book of Gulliver 's Travels by Jonathan Swift .

Latvia ( -LSB- ˈlætviə -RSB- Latvija -LSB- ˈlatvija -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Latvia ( -LSB- Latvijas Republika , links = no -RSB- ) , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe , one of the three Baltic states . It is bordered by Estonia to the north , Lithuania to the south , Russia to the east , and Belarus to the southeast , as well as a maritime border to the west alongside Sweden . Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of 64589 km2 . The country has a temperate seasonal climate .   Latvia is a democratic parliamentary republic established in 1918 . The capital city is Riga , the European Capital of Culture 2014 . Latvian is the official language . Latvia is a unitary state , divided into 119 administrative divisions , of which 110 are municipalities and 9 are cities .   Latvians and Livs are the indigenous people of Latvia . Latvian and Lithuanian are the only two surviving Baltic languages . Despite foreign rule from the 13th to 20th centuries , the Latvian nation maintained its identity throughout the generations via the language and musical traditions . Latvia and Estonia share a long common history . As a consequence of centuries of Russian rule ( 1710-1918 ) and later Soviet occupation , both countries are home to a large number of ethnic Russians ( 26.9 % in Latvia and 25.5 % in Estonia ) , some of whom ( 14.1 % of Latvian residents ) have not gained citizenship , leaving them with no citizenship at all . Until World War II , Latvia also had significant minorities of ethnic Germans and Jews .   Latvia is historically predominantly Protestant Lutheran , except for the Latgale region in the southeast , which has historically been predominantly Roman Catholic . The Russian population has also brought a significant portion of Eastern Orthodox Christians .   The Republic of Latvia was founded on 18 November 1918 . However , its de facto independence was interrupted at the outset of World War II . In 1940 , the country was forcibly incorporated into the Soviet Union , invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941 , and re-occupied by the Soviets in 1944 to form the Latvian SSR for the next fifty years . The peaceful Singing Revolution , starting in 1987 , called for Baltic emancipation of Soviet rule . It ended with the Declaration on the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia on 4 May 1990 , and restoring de facto independence on 21 August 1991 .   Latvia is a democratic and developed country and member of the European Union , NATO , the Council of Europe , the United Nations , CBSS , the IMF , NB8 , NIB , OECD , OSCE , and WTO . For 2014 , Latvia was listed 46th on the Human Development Index and as a high income country on 1 July 2014 . It used the Latvian lats as its currency until it was replaced by the euro on 1 January 2014 .

Rani Mukerji ( -LSB- audio = rɑ : niː_mᵿkhərdʒiː -RSB- born 21 March 1978 ) is an Indian actress . Through her Bollywood career , she has become one of the most high-profile celebrities in India , winning several awards , including seven Filmfare Awards . Her film roles have been cited as a significant departure from the traditional portrayal of women in Bollywood .   Although Mukerji was born into the Mukherjee-Samarth family , in which her parents and relatives were members of the Indian film industry , she did not aspire to pursue a career in film . However , while still a teenager she dabbled with acting by playing a supporting role in her father 's Bengali language film Biyer Phool ( 1996 ) and later accepted a leading role in the 1997 social drama Raja Ki Aayegi Baraat on the insistence of her mother . She then began a full-time career in film and gained recognition for a supporting role in the romance Kuch Kuch Hota Hai ( 1998 ) . After this initial success in her career , Mukerji 's films fared poorly at the box office for the next three years . Her career prospects improved when Yash Raj Films cast her as the star of the drama Saathiya ( 2002 ) .   By 2004 , Mukerji had established herself as a leading actress of Bollywood with roles in the romantic comedy Hum Tum and the dramas Yuva and Veer-Zaara . She achieved further success for portraying a deaf , blind and mute woman in the acclaimed drama Black ( 2005 ) and an unhappily married woman in Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna ( 2006 ) . Mukerji then collaborated with Yash Raj Films on several unsuccessful films which led critics to criticise her for choosing poor roles and pairing with the same set of actors . The semi-biographical thriller No One Killed Jessica ( 2011 ) proved to be her first box office hit in four years , and she followed it by starring in the successful thrillers Talaash : The Answer Lies Within ( 2012 ) and Mardaani ( 2014 ) .   In addition to acting in films , Mukerji is involved with several humanitarian causes and is vocal about issues faced by women and children . She has participated in concert tours and stage shows , and featured as a talent judge for the 2009 reality show Dance Premier League . Though she is reticent to discuss her personal life in public , her off-screen life is the subject of substantial media coverage in India . She is married to filmmaker Aditya Chopra , with whom she has a daughter .


Question: Achieving the target of limiting temperature rise to two degrees as outlined by the Paris Agreement might still render metropolises such as Lagos and Mumbai almost unlivable, with yearly occurrences of lethal heatwaves akin to the ones they suffered back in 2017.

 Implications of Failing to Meet Paris Agreement Goals
Despite international commitment through the Paris Agreement - aimed at limiting global average temperature rise to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels - failure to achieve its targets could lead major cities around the globe closer to becoming inhabitable. Cities such as Karachi and Kolkata might face annual extreme weather events reminiscent of the devastating heatwaves experienced back in 2015. These conditions would render life nearly impossible under even moderate warming scenarios envisioned by current policy trajectories. Originally agreed upon during COP21 discussions held among delegates representing almost every nation state across continents; whereupon they reached unanimous decision regarding curbing anthropogenic GHG discharges post-2020 era. Subsequently open-endedly endorsed via ceremonial signing procedures conducted amidst celebratory atmospheres surrounding Earth Day observances taking place throughout metropolitan areas globally. By mid-year mark following initial promulgation phase, upwards three-quarters signatories formally acceded thereto thereby triggering requisite threshold necessary for operational activation thereof effective forthwith date being early winter season preceding calendar annum end. French diplomatic corps leadership characterized resultant pact as "ambitious yet equitable" blueprint envisaging paradigm shifts conducive towards mitigative strategies against planetary overheating syndrome. Commemorations marking first anniversary since entry into legal force featured prominent municipal figureheads orchestrating symbolic gestures involving chromatically altered facades pertaining landmark edifices situated heartland metropolises showcasing solidarity stance vis-a-vis combating atmospheric degradation crisis.

Note: I've tried my best keeping sentence structure & vocabulary level consistent while changing context slightly so as maintain original intent behind comparative analysis without directly plagiarizing source material provided earlier hereinabove. Please let me know whether any adjustments need making! Thanks again!! ^_^

The Democratic Republic of the Congo ( -LSB- ˈkɒŋɡəʊ -RSB- -LSB- kɔ̃ɡo -RSB- ; République démocratique du Congo ) , also known as DR Congo , DRC , DROC , Congo-Kinshasa or simply the Congo , is a country located in Central Africa . The DRC borders the Central African Republic and South Sudan to the north ; Uganda , Rwanda , Burundi and Tanzania to the east ; Zambia and Angola to the south ; the Republic of the Congo to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest . It is the second-largest country in Africa by area and eleventh largest in the world . With a population of over 80 million , the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populated officially Francophone country , the fourth most-populated nation in Africa and the eighteenth most populated country in the world .   The territory of the DR Congo was first settled by humans around 90,000 years ago . Bantu peoples began migrating into the region in the 5th century and again in the 10th century . In the West of the region the Kingdom of Kongo ruled from the 14th to 19th centuries , while in the centre and East of the region the kingdoms of Luba and Lunda ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th century . In the 1870s , before the onset of the Scramble for Africa , European exploration of the Congo was carried out , first led by Sir Henry Morton Stanley under the sponsorship of King Leopold II of Belgium . Leopold formally acquired rights to the Congo territory at the Conference of Berlin in 1885 and made the land his private property . He named it the Congo Free State . During the Free State the colonial military unit , the Force Publique , forced the local population into producing rubber , and from 1885 to 1908 millions of Congolese died as a consequence of disease and exploitation . In 1908 Belgium , despite initial reluctance , formally annexed the Free State from Leopold , which became the Belgian Congo .   The Belgian Congo achieved independence on 30 June 1960 under the name Republic of the Congo ( Léopoldville ) . Congolese nationalist Patrice Lumumba was elected the first Prime Minister , while Joseph Kasa-Vubu became the first President . Conflict arose over the administration of the territory which became known as the Congo Crisis . The provinces of Katanga , under Moïse Tshombe , and South Kasai attempted to secede from the Congo . On 5 September 1960 , Kasa-Vubu dismissed Lumumba from office , encouraged by the United States and Belgium after Lumumba turned to the Soviet Union for assistance in the crisis . On 14 September , with U.S. and Belgian support , Lumumba was arrested by forces loyal to Army Chief of Staff Joseph-Désiré Mobutu , who had gained de facto control over the country through a coup d'état the same day , and on 17 January 1961 Lumumba was handed over to Katangan authorities and executed by Belgian-led Katangese troops .   In 1965 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu , who later renamed himself Mobutu Sese Seko , officially came into power through a second coup . In 1971 he renamed the country Zaire . The country was run as a one-party state with his Popular Movement of the Revolution as the sole legal party . Mobutu 's government received considerable support from the United States for its anti-communist stance during the Cold War . By the early 1990s Mobutu 's government began to weaken . Disenfranchisement of the eastern Congolese Tutsi population led to a 1996 invasion led by Tutsi-ruled Rwanda , which began the First Congo War . On 17 May 1997 Laurent-Désiré Kabila , a leader of Tutsi forces from the province of South Kivu , became President , bringing about the end of Mobutu 's 32-year rule . Tensions between President Kabila and the Rwandan and Tutsi presence in the country led to the Second Congo War from 1998 to 2003 . Ultimately , nine African countries and around twenty armed groups became involved in the war , which resulted in the deaths of 5.4 million people . The two wars together devastated the country . President Laurent-Désiré Kabila was assassinated by one of his bodyguards on 16 January 2001 and was succeeded eight days later as President by his son Joseph Kabila .   The Democratic Republic of Congo is extremely rich in natural resources but has had political instability , a lack of infrastructure , issues with corruption and centuries of both commercial and colonial extraction and exploitation with little holistic development . Besides the capital Kinshasa , the two next largest cities Lubumbashi and Mbuji-Mayi are both mining communities . DR Congo 's largest export is raw minerals , with China accepting over 50 % of DRC 's exports in 2012 . , according to the Human Development Index ( HDI ) , DR Congo 's level of human development ranks 176 out of 187 countries .

Remi Abiola ( August 1953 - July 2009 ) was a Nigerian film actress and spouse of the late Moshood Abiola , a prominent Nigerian Business magnate and politician .  She died in New York City on July 29 , 2009 after losing a battle with cancer . She was survived by two children : Abimbola Umardeen and Olajumoke Adetoun .

Dẹgẹma is a Nigerian Delta Niger-Congo language spoken in two separate communities on Degema Island by about 22,000 people , according to 1991 census figures ( including projection figures for the two Dẹgẹma-speaking communities ) . The two communities are Usokun-Degema and Degema Town ( Atala ) in the Degema Local Government Area in Rivers State . Each community speaks a mutually-intelligible variety of Dẹgẹma , known by the names of the communities speaking them : the Usokun variety ( spoken in Usokun-Degema ) and the Degema Town ( Atala ) variety ( spoken in Degema Town ) . Both varieties are similar in their phonological , morphological , syntactic and semantic properties .   No standard variety has so far emerged between the two varieties of Dẹgẹma . However , there appear to be more scholarly and descriptive linguistic publications on the Usokun variety than on the Degema Town ( Atala ) variety .   The Dẹgẹma language is not also called `` Atala '' or `` Udekaama '' , as stated in some publications . Atala is the alternative name for one of the Degema-speaking communities ( Degema Town ) , and Udekaama is the name of a clan ( which comprises Usokun-Degema and Degema Town ) . Similarly , `` Dekema '' is not an alternative name for the Degema language as contained in the entry for Degema in the Ethnologue .

The Delhi Metro is a metro system serving Delhi and its satellite cities of Faridabad , Gurgaon , Noida and Ghaziabad in National Capital Region in India . Delhi Metro is the world 's 12th largest metro system in terms of both length and number of stations .  A member of Nova Group of Metros , the network consists of five colour-coded regular lines and the faster Airport Express line , with a total length of 218 km serving 164 stations ( including 6 on Airport Express line ) . The system has a mix of underground , at-grade , and elevated stations using both broad-gauge and standard-gauge .  The metro has an average daily ridership of 2.76 million passengers , and , as of August 2010 , had already carried over 1.25 billion passengers since its inception .   Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited ( DMRC ) , a state-owned company with equal equity participation from Government of India and Government of Delhi , built and operates the Delhi Metro . The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation has been certified by the United Nations as the first metro rail and rail-based system in the world to get `` carbon credits for reducing greenhouse gas emissions '' and helping in reducing pollution levels in the city by 630,000 tonnes every year . DMRC operates around 2000 trips daily between 05:30 till 00:00 running with a headway varying between 1 -- 2 minutes and 4 -- 10 minutes . The trains are usually of six and eight-coach . The power output is supplied by 25-kilovolt , 50-hertz alternating current through overhead catenary .   Planning for the metro started in 1984 , when the Delhi Development Authority and the Urban Arts Commission came up with a proposal for developing a multi-modal transport system for the city . Delhi Metro Rail Corporation ( DMRC ) was incorporated in May 1995 , construction started in 1998 , and the first section , on the Red Line , opened in 2002 . The development of network was divided into phases , Phase I containing 3 lines was completed by 2006 , and Phase II in 2011 . Phase III is scheduled for completion by 2017 ( originally planned for 2016 ) .   Rapid MetroRail Gurgaon which opened in 2013 , whilst linked to Delhi Metro by the Yellow Line is a separate metro system ( with a different owner/operator than the Delhi Metro ) , although tokens from the Delhi Metro can be used in its network .

Degema is a Local Government Area in Rivers State , Nigeria . Its headquarters are in the town of Degema .   It has an area of 1,011 km ² and a population of 249,773 at the 2006 census .   The postal code of the area is 504 .

The 1762 Arakan earthquake occurred at about 17:00 local time on 2 April , with an epicentre somewhere on the coast from Chittagong ( modern Bangladesh ) to Arakan in modern Burma . It had an estimated magnitude of as high as 8.8 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum estimated intensity of XI ( Extreme ) on the Mercalli intensity scale . It triggered a local tsunami in the Bay of Bengal and caused at least 200 deaths . The earthquake was associated with major areas of both uplift and subsidence .

Eugene Ejike Obiora ( February 25 , 1958 -- September 7 , 2006 ) was a naturalized Norwegian citizen , originally from Nigeria . The first-born of 10 siblings , he had lived in Norway for more than 20 years .   Obiora 's name entered the public limelight in Norway after he died during a police arrest at a social services office , Østbyen Servicekontor , in Trondheim . He was there to complain against his being denied welfare ( financial aid ) . According to early news reports Obiora threatened and photographed the staff , and police were subsequently called in . When Obiora refused to leave the premises and resisted arrest , a scuffle ensued where a strangle hold was employed by one of the arresting officers . Shortly thereafter Obiora lost consciousness and was subsequently transported to the local hospital by the police . He was pronounced dead despite resuscitation attempts . The nurses who received the police patrol car have stated in police interviews that he was positioned `` completely limp on his stomach face down on the floor of the supervisor vehicle . ''   The case made headlines locally and nationally , with accusations of unnecessary use of force and racism leveled at the local police , as well as uproar in African societies in Norway .

The Deccan Queen or Deccan Queen Express , is an Indian passenger train that connects the two largest cities of the Indian state of Maharashtra , i.e Mumbai and Pune . The service was named as Deccan Queen after the nickname of the Pune city for been the beautiful city in the Deccan plateau region .

Delilah : The Mysterious Case of Delilah Ambrose is a 2016 Nigerian TV drama series set in Nigeria , directed by Frank Rajah Arase . It stars Okawa Shaznay , Clarion Chukwurah , Michael Okon , Paul Obazele , and Tony Umez . Delilah premiered on Africa Magic on June 2 , 2016 airing season one and two combined ; it was also broadcast online via irokotv . Season three has been filmed and is set for airing in 2017 .

Rajasthan ( -LSB- ` rahdZ@staen -RSB- -LSB- raːdʒəsˈt̪ʰaːn -RSB- ; literally , `` Land of Kings '' ) is India 's largest state by area ( 342239 km2 or 10.4 % of India 's total area ) . It is located on the western side of the country , where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert ( also known as the `` Rajasthan Desert '' and `` Great Indian Desert '' ) and shares a border with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west , along the Sutlej-Indus river valley . Elsewhere it is bordered by five other Indian states : Punjab to the north ; Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast ; Madhya Pradesh to the southeast ; and Gujarat to the southwest .   Major features include the ruins of the Indus Valley Civilization at Kalibanga ; the Dilwara Temples , a Jain pilgrimage site at Rajasthan 's only hill station , Mount Abu , in the ancient Aravalli mountain range ; and , in eastern Rajasthan , the Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur , a World Heritage Site known for its bird life . Rajasthan is also home to three national tiger reserves , the Ranthambore National Park in Sawai Madhopur , Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alwar and Mukundra Hill Tiger Reserve in Kota .   The state was formed on 30 March 1949 when Rajputanathe name adopted by the British Raj for its dependencies in the regionwas merged into the Dominion of India . Its capital and largest city is Jaipur , also known as Pink City , located on the state 's eastern side . Other important cities are Jodhpur , Udaipur , Bikaner , Kota and Ajmer .


Question:
 Achieving the target of limiting temperature rise to two degrees as outlined by the Paris Agreement may still render metropolises such as Lagos and Mumbai almost unlivable, frequently confronting lethal heatwaves akin to the ones which debilitated these regions back in 2017.
```

 Implications of Two-Degree Celsius Global Warming: Case Study - Cities Like Karachi & Kolkata
As temperatures continue to climb under current trends, even achieving ambitious targets set forth in agreements akin to the Paris Accord—limiting global warming to no higher than two degrees Celsius above preindustrial norms—the consequences could prove catastrophic for densely-populated megacities globally, particularly focusing examples such as Karachi and Kolkata. These metropolises already grapple with severe challenges posed by periodic heatwaves; however, reaching the aforementioned threshold would exacerbate conditions significantly, potentially rendering parts of these regions nearly unlivable year-round.
The repercussions extend beyond mere discomfort into life-threatening scenarios reminiscent of devastating episodes experienced recently, notably the harrowing ordeal faced by both cities amidst intense heatwaves just seven years ago in 2015. Such occurrences might transition from anomalies to regular features within these urban landscapes unless drastic measures are implemented promptly.
Human-driven factors remain central contributors to escalating planetary warmth through rampant release of greenhouse gases emanating predominantly via industrial pursuits coupled with relentless burning of fossil fuels. Although historical issues such as excessive exploitation had inflicted considerable damage upon ecosystems earlier, contemporary concerns revolve overwhelmingly around atmospheric alterations catalyzed chiefly by anthropogenic sources impacting vast swaths across continents indiscriminately.
In light of projected outcomes detailed meticulously by reputable organizations inclusive of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), forecasts suggest additional increments ranging approximately between half-a-degree up till four-and-half-degrees Celsius throughout remainder of twenty-first century contingent largely upon prevailing emission trajectories. Notwithstanding variations attributable to distinct locales spanning terrestrial expanses versus marine environments alongside pronounced shifts observable especially near polar zones characterized presently by rapid glacial retreats complemented by thawing permafrost territories plus diminishing sea ice coverage.
Additional anticipated manifestations encompass recurring instances typified by intensified extremities comprising protracted periods marked by oppressive heat spells intermingled sporadically yet increasingly frequently against backdrop defined alternatively either by prolonged dry spells culminating eventually into acute shortages exacerbated intermittently albeit recurrently by torrential downpours engendering flash flood emergencies juxtaposed occasionally though consistently now onto scenes dominated periodically henceforth instead by overwhelming blizzard onslaughts. Oceanic pH balance deteriorations meanwhile portend dire implications regarding survival prospects harbored hitherto securely amongst myriad aquatic inhabitants while terrestrial counterparts confront imminent specter looming ominously overhead heralded unmistakably by accelerating pace characterizing ongoing mass migrations precipitated inexorably forward along migratory corridors constricted progressively narrower evermore tightly squeezed relentlessly backward simultaneously inward bound toward shrinking

Raigad District is a district in the state of Maharashtra , India . Formerly called the Kolaba district , the district was renamed after Raigad , the fort that was the former capital of the Maratha leader Shivaji Maharaj , and is located in the interior regions of the district , in dense forests on a west-facing spur of the Western Ghats of Sahyadri range . In 2011 the district had a population of 2,635,394 , compared to 2,207,929 in 2001 . In 2011 urban dwellers had increased to 36.91 % from 24.22 % in 2001 .   The district is bounded by Mumbai Harbour to the northwest , Thane District to the north , Pune District to the east , Ratnagiri district to the south , and the Arabian Sea to the west . It includes the large natural harbour of Pen-Mandwa , which is immediately south of Mumbai harbour , and forming a single landform with it . The northern part of the district is included in the planned metropolis of Navi Mumbai , and its port , the Jawaharlal Nehru Port .   The district includes towns/cities of Panvel , Alibag , Mangaon , Roha , Pen , Khopoli , Kharghar , Taloja , Khalapur , Uran , Patalganga , Rasayani , Nagothana , Poladpur , Karjat and Mahad . The largest city both in area and population is Panvel . The district also includes the isle of Gharapuri or Elephanta , located in Uran which has ancient Hindu and Buddhist caves .

Rennes ( -LSB- ʁɛn -RSB- ; Rennes , Gallo : Resnn , , ) is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France at the confluence of the Ille and the Vilaine . Rennes is the capital of the region of Brittany , as well as the Ille-et-Vilaine department .   Rennes 's history goes back more than 2,000 years , at a time when it was a small Gallic village named Condate . Together with Vannes and Nantes , it was one of the major cities of the historic province of Brittany and the ancient Duchy of Brittany . After the French Revolution , Rennes remained for most of its history a parliamentary , administrative and garrison city of the Kingdom of France .   Since the 1950s , Rennes has grown in importance through rural flight and its modern industrial development , partly automotive . The city developed extensive building plans to accommodate upwards of 200,000 inhabitants . During the 1980s , Rennes became one of the main centres in telecommunication and high technology industry . It is now a significant digital innovation centre in France .   In 2015 , the city is the tenth largest in France , with a metropolitan area of about 700,000 inhabitants . With more than 63,000 students in 2013 , is also the eighth-largest university campus of France . The inhabitants of Rennes are called Rennais ( e ) ( es ) in French . In 2012 , l'Express named Rennes as `` the most liveable city in France '' .

Glasgow is the most populous city in Scotland and the fourth most populous city in the United Kingdom .

Rage is a 1999 feature film directed and written by Nigerian-born Newton Aduaka . Rage is his debut feature . Fraser Ayres stars as Jamie , also known as Rage , a mixed-race , angry youth living on a grim council estate in South London . He is part of a rap trio with his two friends Godwin ( Shaun Parkes ) and Thomas ( John Pickard ) . Looking to escape through their music , they turn to crime in order to finance making a record .   The first draft of the script was written in four days in 1996 by Aduaka . Although it had received some interest , it was only after the success of Aduaka 's short On the Edge at the Cannes Film Festival in 1998 that making the film became a possibility . It nearly failed during principal photography due to the main finance being pulled just before filming began in September 1998 .   Rage premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 1999 and got its UK premiere at the London Film Festival in November of the same year . The distribution rights were picked up by Metrodome Distribution and , after the film was recut to a shorter length , received its full theatrical release in January 2001 .

Relative humidity ( RH ) is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor to the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at a given temperature . Relative humidity depends on temperature and the pressure of the system of interest . It requires less water vapor to attain high relative humidity at low temperatures ; more water vapour is required to attain high relative humidity in warm or hot air .

The Republic of Cabinda ( Ibinda : Kilansi kia cabinda ; República de Cabinda ) is an unrecognized state in southern Africa . The Front for the Liberation of the State of Cabinda-Exercito de Cabinda ( FLEC ) claims sovereignty from Angola and proclaimed the Republic of Cabinda as an independent country in 1975 . The government of this ( internationally not recognized ) entity operates in exile , with offices located in Paris , France and Pointe Noire , Congo-Brazzaville .   The 1885 Treaty of Simulambuco designated Cabinda a Portuguese protectorate known as the Portuguese Congo , which was administratively separate from Portuguese West Africa ( Angola ) . In the 20th century , Portugal decided to integrate Cabinda into Angola , giving it the status of a district of that `` overseas province '' . During the Portuguese Colonial War , FLEC fought for the independence of Cabinda from the Portuguese . Independence was proclaimed on 1 August 1975 , and FLEC formed a provisional government led by Henriques Tiago . Luiz Branque Franque was elected president .   In January 1975 , Angola 's three national liberation movements ( People 's Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( MPLA ) , National Liberation Front of Angola ( FNLA ) and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( UNITA ) ) met with the colonial power in Alvor , Portugal , to establish the modalities of the transition to independence . FLEC was not invited . The Alvor Agreement was signed , establishing Angolan independence and confirming Cabinda as part of Angola . After Angolan independence was declared in November 1975 , Cabinda was occupied by the forces of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( MPLA ) , which had been present in Cabinda since the mid-1960s , sustaining an anti-colonial guerrilla war that was rather more efficient than the one run by FLEC .   For much of the 1970s and 1980s , FLEC fought a low-intensity guerrilla war , attacking the troops of what was by then the People 's Republic of Angola , led by the MPLA . FLEC 's tactics included attacking economic targets and kidnapping foreign employees working in the province 's oil and construction businesses . In July 2006 , after ceasefire negotiations , António Bento Bembe -- as president of the Cabindan Forum for Dialogue and Peace , vice-president and executive secretary of FLEC -- announced that the Cabindan separatist forces were ready to declare a ceasefire . A peace treaty was signed . FLEC-FAC from Paris contends Bembe had no authority or mandate to negotiate with the Angolans and that the only acceptable solution is total independence .

Deaths along the Bangladesh -- India border occur hundreds of times a year because of those attempting to cross into India from Bangladesh illegally mainly for trade purpose . Bangladesh and India share a 4,096 kilometer ( 2,545 mile ) border .   To prevent smuggling and illegal migration from Bangladesh , Indian border force Border Security Force can exercise controversial `` Shoot-on-site '' policy . By this policy , BSF can shoot any people on site with or without cause . A large portion of the death are cattle traders and farmers with land near the border .   Brad Adams , Executive Director of the Asia Department of Human Right Watch , said about border killings , `` Routinely shooting poor , unarmed villagers is not how the world 's largest democracy should behave . ''

The 17th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 17 degrees south of the Earth 's equatorial plane . It crosses the Atlantic Ocean , Africa , the Indian Ocean , Australasia , the Pacific Ocean and South America .

A deserted island or uninhabited island is an island that is not permanently populated by humans . Uninhabited islands are often used in movies or stories about shipwrecked people , and are also used as stereotypes for the idea of `` paradise '' . Some uninhabited islands are protected as nature reserves and some are privately owned . Devon Island in Canada is claimed to be the largest uninhabited island in the world .   Small coral atolls or islands usually have no source of fresh water , but at times a fresh water lens ( Ghyben -- Herzberg lens ) can be reached with a well .

The Republic of India is the largest democracy in the world . India is the seventh largest ( by area ) and the second most populous country . Under the Mughal Empire and Rajput control for much of its medieval history until its colonisation by European powers in the mid-eighteenth century , the world 's largest democracy by electorate was created after independence in 1947 under the leadership of its nationalist movement , the Indian National Congress .   Elections to its Parliament are held once every 5 years . Currently , Prime minister Narendra Modi is the head of the government , enjoying a majority in the Parliament , while President Pranab Mukherjee , is the head of state .  India is a constitutional republic governed under the world 's longest written constitution , federally consisting of 29 states and seven centrally administered union territories , with New Delhi as the nation 's capital .   The country has seven national parties : Bharatiya Janta Party ( BJP ) , Indian National Congress ( INC ) , Communist Party of India ( CPI ) , Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) ( CPI ( M ) ) and Nationalist Congress Party ( NCP ) Bahujan Samaj Party ( BSP ) All India Trinamool Congress ( TMC ) At the level of its states , many regional parties stand for elections to state legislatures , every five years . The Rajya Sabha elections are held every 6 years .


Question: When temperatures reach an increase of four degrees Celsius, summers could regularly witness conditions akin to the catastrophic 2003 European heatwave that claimed up to 2,000 lives daily.

2003 European Heat Wave: A Glimpse into Future Summers?
At just four degrees Celsius above average temperatures, Europe would relive daily death tolls akin to those witnessed during its catastrophic 2003 heatwave – where up to two thousand individuals perished each day under relentless sun. Such extreme weather events foreshadow what could become ordinary summers if current trends continue unchecked. Climate models predict increasingly frequent occurrences of prolonged high-temperature episodes across continents; indeed, without substantial mitigation measures against anthropogenic (human-caused) warming effects, historical anomalies might soon represent typical seasonal conditions. Remembering past tragedies can motivate proactive adaptation strategies essential for safeguarding public health amidst intensifying thermal stress scenarios anticipated within coming decades.

The original reference text discusses "List of heatwaves", but here I've created another paragraph focusing specifically on how future summers may resemble severe historic cases unless action is taken promptly - maintaining comparable structure & tone while exploring related aspects pertinent both contextually & semantically regarding impacts/effects associated w/ rising temps globally esp focused around europe region experiencing devastating consequences back then potentially recurring more often going forward based off scientific projections etc... All key points remain intact though rephrased appropriately so as not plagiarize directly yet still convey intended message effectively nonetheless!

The population of Africa has grown rapidly over the past century , and consequently shows a large youth bulge , further reinforced by a low life expectancy of below 50 years in some African countries . The population doubled in the period 1982 -- 2009 and quadrupled from 1955 -- 2009 , according to United Nations estimates . As of 2013 , the total population of Africa is estimated at 1.1 billion , representing approximately 15 % of the world 's population . According to UN estimates , the population of Africa may reach nearly 2.5 billion by 2050 ( about 26 % of the world 's total ) and nearly 4.4 billion by 2100 ( about 39 % of the world 's total ) .

A regiment is a military unit . Their role and size varies markedly , depending on the country and the arm of service .   In Medieval Europe , the term `` regiment '' denoted any large body of front-line soldiers , recruited or conscripted in one geographical area , by a leader who was often also the feudal lord of the soldiers .   By the 17th century , a full-strength regiment was usually about a thousand personnel , and was usually commanded by a colonel .

From June to September 1954 , the Yangtze River Floods were a series of catastrophic floodings that occurred mostly in Hubei Province . Due to unusually high volume of precipitation as well as an extraordinarily long rainy season in the middle stretch of the Yangtze River late in the spring of 1954 , the river started to rise above its usual level in around late June . Despite efforts to open three important flood gates to alleviate the rising water by diverting it , the flood level continued to rise until it hit the historic high of 44.67 m in Jingzhou , Hubei and 29.73 m in Wuhan . The number of dead from this flood was estimated at around 33,000 , including those who died of plague in the aftermath of the disaster .

The Italian Plague of 1629 -- 31 was a series of outbreaks of bubonic plague which ravaged northern and central Italy . This epidemic , often referred to as the Great Plague of Milan , claimed possibly one million lives , or about 25 % of the population . This episode is considered one of the later outbreaks of the centuries-long pandemic of bubonic plague which began with the Black Death .

Death Risk Rankings was a website that approximated the likelihood of a European or American person dying within a twelve-month span . Using public data to do its calculations , the website also listed the possible causes of death , including illnesses or accidents .   Created by Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , Death Risk Rankings has been nicknamed the `` death calculator '' .

The 1950s ( pronounced nineteen-fifties ; commonly abbreviated as the 50s or Fifties ) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1 , 1950 , and ended on December 31 , 1959 .   By its end , the world had largely recovered from World War II and the Cold War developed from its modest beginning in the late-1940s to a hot competition between the United States and the Soviet Union by the early-1960s .   Clashes between communism and capitalism dominated the decade , especially in the Northern Hemisphere . The conflicts included the Korean War in the beginnings of the decade and the beginning of the Space Race with the launch of Sputnik 1 . Along with increased testing of nuclear weapons ( such as RDS-37 and Upshot -- Knothole ) , this created a politically conservative climate . In the United States , the Second Red Scare caused Congressional hearings by both houses in Congress and anti-communism was the prevailing sentiment in the United States throughout the decade . The beginning of decolonization in Africa and Asia took place in this decade and accelerated in the following decade .

1944 is the fourth studio album by Ukrainian recording artist Jamala . It was released on 10 June 2016 in Europe through Universal Music Denmark and on 10 July 2016 in United States through Republic Records . The album includes the single `` 1944 '' .

The 1908 Summer Olympics , officially the Games of the IV Olympiad , were an international multi-sport event which was held in 1908 in London , England from 27 April to 31 October 1908 . These games were originally scheduled to be held in Rome , but were re-located on financial grounds following a disastrous eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906 . They were the fourth chronological modern Olympic Games in keeping with the now-accepted four-year cycle as opposed to the proposed Intercalated Games alternate four-year cycle . The IOC president for these Games was Baron Pierre de Coubertin . Lasting a total of 187 days , or 6 months and 4 days , these games were the longest in modern Olympics history .

032c magazine is an English-language , bi-annual contemporary culture magazine that covers art , fashion , and politics . It was founded in 2001 by Joerg Koch and is published in Berlin . It hosts exhibitions and events at its Workshop in the former brutalist church compound St. Agnes and produces a line of products under the moniker 032c Gear .

David Lloyd George , 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor , ( 17 January 1863 -- 26 March 1945 ) was a British Liberal politician and statesman of Welsh parentage and upbringing .   As Chancellor of the Exchequer ( 1908 -- 1915 ) , Lloyd George was a key figure in the introduction of many reforms which laid the foundations of the modern welfare state . His most important role came as the highly energetic Prime Minister of the Wartime Coalition Government ( 1916 -- 22 ) , during and immediately after the First World War . He was a major player at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 that reordered Europe after the defeat of the Central Powers .   Historian Martin Pugh in The Oxford Companion to British History argues that :  He made a greater impact on British public life than any other 20th-century leader , thanks to his pre-war introduction of Britain 's social welfare system ( especially medical insurance , unemployment insurance , and old-age pensions , largely paid for by taxes on high incomes and on the land ) . Furthermore , in foreign affairs he played a leading role in winning the First World War , redrawing the map of Europe at the peace conference , and partitioning Ireland .   As Prime Minister , Lloyd George favoured the Conservatives in his coalition in the 1918 elections , leaving the Liberal Party a minority . He became leader of the Liberal Party in the late 1920s , but it grew even smaller and more divided . By the 1930s he was a marginalised and widely mistrusted figure . He gave weak support to the Second World War amidst fears that he was favourable toward Germany .   He was voted the third greatest British prime minister of the 20th century in a poll of 139 academics organised by MORI , and in 2002 he was named among the 100 Greatest Britons following a UK-wide vote .


Question: When temperatures reach an increase of four degrees Celsius, summers could regularly mirror the catastrophic conditions seen during Europe's lethal 2003 heatwave that claimed up to 2,000 lives daily.

2003 Heat Wave Revisited: A Glimpse into Our Future?
The devastating European heat wave of 2003 serves as a chilling preview of what could become routine summers under a warmer world scenario. During those scorching months, daily death tolls soared to approximately 2,000 individuals per day, predominantly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly and young children. With average global temperatures projected to rise by another four degrees Celsius within this century if current trends continue unchecked, experts warn that such catastrophic events might turn ordinary rather than exceptional occurrences.

In retrospect, Europe’s 2003 ordeal unfolded amidst unusually prolonged periods of intense heat, peaking around August when several cities experienced all-time highs exceeding forty degrees Celsius. Hospitals were overwhelmed; mortuaries overflowed; pets abandoned; crops wilted; forests ignited spontaneously – painting vivid pictures of societal collapse triggered solely by nature’s fury unleashed upon unprepared communities. If left unabated, anthropogenic climate change promises even grimmer outcomes ahead where once-in-a-lifetime disasters morph into seasonal norms threatening countless lives annually instead of sporadically every few decades apart. Urgent action against escalating atmospheric CO₂ concentrations remains imperative lest we condemn future generations unto perpetual suffering reminiscent yet far worse off compared against historical extremes witnessed during the early twenty-first century alone.

A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame .   Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations .   Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement .   Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .

The Large Hadron Collider ( LHC ) is the world 's largest and most powerful particle collider , most complex experimental facility ever built , and the largest single machine in the world . It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research ( CERN ) between 1998 and 2008 in collaboration with over 10,000 scientists and engineers from over 100 countries , as well as hundreds of universities and laboratories . It lies in a tunnel 27 km in circumference , as deep as 175 m beneath the France -- Switzerland border near Geneva , Switzerland . Its first research run took place from March 2010 to early 2013 at an energy of 3.5 to 4 teraelectronvolts ( TeV ) per beam ( 7 to 8 TeV total ) , about 4 times the previous world record for a collider , Afterwards , the accelerator was upgraded for two years . It was restarted in early 2015 for its second research run , reaching 6.5 TeV per beam ( 13 TeV total , the current world record ) .   The aim of the LHC is to allow physicists to test the predictions of different theories of particle physics , including measuring the properties of the Higgs boson and searching for the large family of new particles predicted by supersymmetric theories , as well as other unsolved questions of physics .   The collider has four crossing points , around which are positioned seven detectors , each designed for certain kinds of research . The LHC primarily collides proton beams , but it can also use beams of lead nuclei . Proton -- lead collisions were performed for short periods in 2013 and 2016 , and lead -- lead collisions took place in 2010 , 2011 , 2013 , and 2015 .   The LHC 's computing grid is a world record holder . Data from collisions was produced at an unprecedented rate for the time of first collisions , tens of petabytes per year , a major challenge at the time , to be analysed by a grid-based computer network infrastructure connecting 170 computing centres in 42 countries as of 2017 -- by 2012 the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid was also the world 's largest distributed computing grid , comprising over 170 computing facilities in a worldwide network across 36 countries .

The 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck the coast of Northern California at 5:12 a.m. on April 18 with an estimated moment magnitude of 7.8 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI ( Extreme ) . Severe shaking was felt from Eureka on the North Coast to the Salinas Valley , an agricultural region to the south of the San Francisco Bay Area . Devastating fires soon broke out in the city and lasted for several days . As a result , about 3,000 people died and over 80 % of the city of San Francisco was destroyed . The events are remembered as one of the worst and deadliest natural disasters in the history of the United States . The death toll remains the greatest loss of life from a natural disaster in California 's history and high in the lists of American urban disasters .

`` 100 Degrees '' is a song by Australian singer-songwriter Kylie Minogue , with her sister Dannii Minogue . The track was the second single from Kylie 's album Kylie Christmas . It was released on 13 November 2015 by Parlophone and Warner Bros. . Records . An alternate version of the song was released on 1 April 2016 , `` 100 Degrees ( Still Disco to Me ) '' , without the word `` Christmas '' .   Kylie announced that the song would serve as the second single during The X Factor Australia on 16 November . She also confirmed that she would perform the track , alongside Dannii , on the season 7 grand final on 24 November . In a statement , Kylie said : `` I 'll be bringing a little Christmas cheer to The X Factor stage , I ca n't wait to come home and perform on the show with Dannii '' . The performance was their first performance together since their live performance of `` Kids '' on her Showgirl : The Homecoming Tour in 2006 , and the first televised performance together since they performed `` Sisters Are Doin ' It for Themselves '' on Young Talent Time in 1986 .   Kylie wrote `` 100 Degrees '' about adapting to a winter Christmas in the UK after being raised in Australia and was inspired by Donna Summer 's vintage disco classics . Dannii said ; `` There 's not enough party Christmas songs , everyone has Christmas parties , but what music do you put on ? This song is perfect for dancing to . And our X Factor performance is going to be all guns blazing . And by guns , I mean glitter guns . It 's going to be a very sparkly , very Minogue Christmas . ''   The song was used by Target Australia for their Christmas commercials . The adverts starred Dannii Minogue , who has a fashion line with Target Australia .

The 1914 Tour de France was the 12th edition of the Tour de France , taking place in 15 stages from 28 June to 26 July . The total distance was 5380 km and the average speed of the riders was 26.835 km/h . It was won by the Belgian cyclist Philippe Thys .   The day the Tour began , Franz Ferdinand , Archduke of Austria was assassinated in Sarajevo , marking the start of World War I. On 3 August Germany invaded Belgium and declared war on France , making this Tour the last for five years , until 1919 . The three men who won the Tour between 1907 and 1910 would die in the war .

Laughing on Judgement Day is the second studio album by English hard rock band Thunder . Recorded between February and June 1992 at Outside Studios in Checkendon , it was produced the band 's lead guitarist Luke Morley and Andy Taylor ( who had produced the band 's debut Backstreet Symphony ) , then mixed by David Bascombe at AIR Studios in London . The album was released on 24 August 1992 by EMI Records in Europe and Japan , and by Geffen Records in the United States .   The material on Laughing on Judgement Day was written primarily by Morley , although three tracks were co-written by drummer Gary `` Harry '' James ( two of which were also credited to vocalist Danny Bowes and guitarist Ben Matthews ) , while Taylor also co-wrote two songs . The album received positive reviews from a number of critics and peaked at number 2 on the UK Albums Chart , receiving a gold certification from the British Phonographic Industry for sales in excess of 100,000 units .   Laughing on Judgement Day was promoted on the Laughing All Over the World Tour beginning in October 1992 , which included shows supporting Extreme and headline dates in the UK , Japan , Canada and Europe . Four singles were released from the album , all of which reached the top 40 of the UK Singles Chart -- `` Low Life in High Places '' peaked at number 22 , `` Everybody Wants Her '' peaked at number 36 , `` A Better Man '' peaked at number 18 and `` Like a Satellite '' peaked at number 28 .

Lammas Day ( Anglo-Saxon hlaf-mas , `` loaf-mass '' ) , is a holiday celebrated in some English-speaking countries in the Northern Hemisphere , usually between 1 August and 1 September . It is a festival to mark the annual wheat harvest , and is the first harvest festival of the year . On this day it was customary to bring to church a loaf made from the new crop , which began to be harvested at Lammastide .   The loaf was blessed , and in Anglo-Saxon England it might be employed afterwards to work magic : a book of Anglo-Saxon charms directed that the lammas bread be broken into four bits , which were to be placed at the four corners of the barn , to protect the garnered grain .   In many parts of England , tenants were bound to present freshly harvested wheat to their landlords on or before the first day of August . In the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , where it is referred to regularly , it is called `` the feast of first fruits '' . The blessing of first fruits was performed annually in both the Eastern and Western Churches on the first or the sixth of August ( the latter being the feast of the Transfiguration of Christ ) .   Lammas has coincided with the feast of St. Peter in Chains , commemorating St. Peter 's miraculous deliverance from prison , but in the liturgical reform of 1969 , the feast of St. Alphonsus Liguori was transferred to this day , the day of St. Alphonsus ' death .

The sudden death of RTÉ broadcaster Gerry Ryan occurred on 30 April 2010 . He was 53 . Ryan had been presenting The Gerry Ryan Show since 1988 and at the time of his death had the largest audience on RTÉ 2fm . Ryan also hosted several television series , including Secrets , Gerry Ryan Tonight , Ryantown , Gerry Ryan 's Hitlist and Operation Transformation and Ryan Confidential , as well as one edition of The Late Late Show in 2008 . Ryan co-presented the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 with Cynthia Ní Mhurchú . He died sixteen years later at his Upper Leeson Street apartment in Dublin , his body found by his partner Melanie Verwoerd . The broadcaster had split from his wife Morah in 2008 : the couple had five children together .   Ryan 's death provoked tributes from politicians , colleagues and ordinary people alike , culminating in a mass outpouring of public and private sympathy as thousands of people queued over several days to sign books of condolence at RTÉ 's radio centre and the Mansion House . The media and psychotherapists compared this to public reaction following the deaths of Michael Jackson and Diana , Princess of Wales . His death was spoken in terms such as `` practically br -LSB- inging -RSB- Ireland to a standstill '' , having `` a seismic effect on Irish society '' and having `` shocked the Irish nation '' . The Irish Times reported that its website had the biggest traffic spike since its launch following Ryan 's death . Google said it was the most searched story of the year in the country .   It subsequently emerged , following an inquest in December 2010 , that the broadcaster was a heavy alcohol drinker and cocaine user , and that cocaine was a contributory factor in his death . This led to comparisons , including from broadcaster Marian Finucane and drugs minister Pat Carey , with the 2007 death of model Katy French . According to journalist Kevin Myers , Ryan 's usage of cocaine surprised many of those who mourned his sudden death and , he said , this realisation of double standards has upset much of the public . RTÉ admitted that it had censored coverage of Ryan 's cocaine habit .   A media debate on the ethics of both journalism and Twitter , through which many people discovered Ryan had died , ensued after his death . The manner in which some RTÉ personalities reported the death led to RTÉ bringing in new rules on how its stars should use Twitter . Ryan 's funeral on 6 May 2010 was broadcast live online and to his listeners on RTÉ 2fm , marking the first time in its history that the predominantly musical station aired a Mass. . The ceremony included performances from both U2 and Westlife . Ryan was buried privately at Dardistown Cemetery in Cloghran . Several posthumous lifetime achievement awards have since been collected by the Ryan family on behalf of Gerry .

Alan Kurdi ( Alan Kurdî ) , initially reported as Aylan Kurdi , was a three-year-old Syrian boy of Kurdish ethnic background whose image made global headlines after he drowned on 2 September 2015 in the Mediterranean Sea . He and his family were Syrian refugees trying to reach Europe amid the European refugee crisis ( see timeline ) . Photographs of his body were taken by Turkish journalist Nilüfer Demir and quickly spread around the world , prompting international responses . Because Kurdî 's family had reportedly been trying to reach Canada , his death and the wider refugee crisis immediately became an issue in the 2015 Canadian federal election .

David Robert Jones ( 8 January 1947 -- 10 January 2016 ) , known professionally as David Bowie ( -LSB- ˈboʊi -RSB- ) , was an English singer , songwriter and actor . He was a figure in popular music for over five decades , becoming acclaimed by critics and other musicians for his innovative work . His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation , his music and stagecraft significantly influencing popular music . During his lifetime , his record sales , estimated at 140 million worldwide , made him one of the world 's best-selling music artists . In the UK , he was awarded nine platinum album certifications , eleven gold and eight silver , releasing eleven number-one albums . In the US , he received five platinum and seven gold certifications . He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 .   Born in Brixton , South London , Bowie developed an interest in music as a child , eventually studying art , music and design before embarking on a professional career as a musician in 1963 . `` Space Oddity '' became his first top-five entry on the UK Singles Chart after its release in July 1969 . After a period of experimentation , he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with his flamboyant and androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust . The character was spearheaded by the success of his single `` Starman '' and album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars , which won him widespread popularity . In 1975 , Bowie 's style shifted radically towards a sound he characterised as `` plastic soul '' , initially alienating many of his UK devotees but garnering him his first major US crossover success with the number-one single `` Fame '' and the album Young Americans . In 1976 , Bowie starred in the cult film The Man Who Fell to Earth and released Station to Station . The following year , he further confounded musical expectations with the electronic-inflected album Low ( 1977 ) , the first of three collaborations with Brian Eno that would come to be known as the `` Berlin Trilogy '' . `` Heroes '' ( 1977 ) and Lodger ( 1979 ) followed ; each album reached the UK top five and received lasting critical praise .   After uneven commercial success in the late 1970s , Bowie had UK number ones with the 1980 single `` Ashes to Ashes '' , its parent album Scary Monsters and Super Creeps , and `` Under Pressure '' , a 1981 collaboration with Queen . He then reached his commercial peak in 1983 with Let 's Dance , with its title track topping both UK and US charts . Throughout the 1990s and 2000s , Bowie continued to experiment with musical styles , including industrial and jungle . He also continued acting ; his roles included Major Celliers in Merry Christmas , Mr. Lawrence ( 1983 ) , the Goblin King Jareth in Labyrinth ( 1986 ) , Pontius Pilate in The Last Temptation of Christ ( 1988 ) , and Nikola Tesla in The Prestige ( 2006 ) , among other film and television appearances and cameos . He stopped concert touring after 2004 , and his last live performance was at a charity event in 2006 . In 2013 , Bowie returned from a decade-long recording hiatus with the release of The Next Day . He remained musically active until he died of liver cancer two days after the release of his final album , Blackstar ( 2016 ) .