Question: "While delving into specifics about data recording methods holds intrigue and offers ample ground for intricate analysis, it's crucial to remember that our primary observation remains unchanged: The climate patterns indicating significant shifts observed from the '70s onwards haven't halted or decelerated," he emphasized.

 Climate Change Trends: Continuing Unabated Since the '70s
The scientist emphasized that focusing solely on record specifics might distract from the broader picture; "While delving into precise data nuances offers valuable insights, what truly matters here is how consistent recent climate trends remain compared to observations starting back in the late 1970s," they explained. Indeed, regardless of minor fluctuations within individual years, long-term indicators clearly show no pause nor reversal in ongoing global warming phenomena. These findings underscore the importance of addressing climate issues head-on without getting sidetracked by short-term anomalies. With multiple lines of evidence supporting continuous planetary heating—such as rising sea levels, shrinking glaciers, and altered precipitation patterns—it becomes increasingly urgent for policymakers and communities alike to act decisively against escalating temperatures.
Although some skeptics argue about discrepancies among various datasets or emphasize cooler periods amidst overall warmth increases, experts maintain that analyzing comprehensive historical context reveals unmistakable directionality behind observed changes. Therefore, instead of disputing minute details regarding specific measurements' reliability, stakeholders should concentrate on implementing effective mitigation strategies aimed at curbing anthropogenic influences exacerbating current conditions. Ultimately, recognizing uninterrupted upward trajectories witnessed across decades highlights critical need for immediate action before irreversible damage occurs.

The rainflow-counting algorithm ( also known as the `` rain-flow counting method '' ) is used in the analysis of fatigue data in order to reduce a spectrum of varying stress into a set of simple stress reversals . Its importance is that it allows the application of Miner 's rule in order to assess the fatigue life of a structure subject to complex loading . The algorithm was developed by Tatsuo Endo and M. Matsuishi in 1968 . Though there are a number of cycle-counting algorithms for such applications , the rainflow method is the most popular as of 2008 .   Downing and Socie created one of the more widely referenced and utilized rainflow cycle-counting algorithms in 1982 , which was included as one of many cycle-counting algorithms in ASTM E 1049-85 . This algorithm is used in Sandia National Laboratories LIFE2 code for the fatigue analysis of wind turbine components .   Igor Rychlik gave a mathematical definition for the rainflow counting method , thus enabling closed-form computations from the statistical properties of the load signal .   For simple periodic loadings , such as Figure 1 , rainflow counting is unnecessary . That sequence clearly has 10 cycles of amplitude 10 MPa and a structure 's life can be estimated from a simple application of the relevant S-N curve .   Compare this with Figure 2 which can not be assessed in terms of simply-described stress reversals .

In rhetoric , a rhetorical device or resource of language is a technique that an author or speaker uses to convey to the listener or reader a meaning with the goal of persuading him or her towards considering a topic from a different perspective , using sentences designed to encourage or provoke a rational argument from an emotional display of a given perspective or action . Rhetorical devices can be used to evoke an emotional response in the audience , but that is not their primary purpose .

The 1970s energy crisis was a period when the major industrial countries of the world , particularly the United States , Canada , Western Europe , Japan , Australia , and New Zealand , faced substantial petroleum shortages , real and perceived , as well as elevated prices . The two worst crises of this period were the 1973 oil crisis and the 1979 energy crisis , when the Yom Kippur War and the Iranian Revolution triggered interruptions in Middle Eastern oil exports .   The crisis began to unfold as petroleum production in the United States and some other parts of the world peaked in the late 1960s and early 1970s . World oil production per capita began a long-term decline after 1979 .   The major industrial centers of the world were forced to contend with escalating issues related to petroleum supply . Western countries relied on the resources of potentially unfriendly countries in the Middle East and other parts of the world .   The crisis led to stagnant economic growth in many countries as oil prices surged . Although there were genuine concerns with supply , part of the run-up in prices resulted from the perception of a crisis . The combination of stagnant growth and price inflation during this era led to the coinage of the term stagflation .   By the 1980s , both the recessions of the 1970s and adjustments in local economies to become more efficient in petroleum usage , controlled demand sufficiently for petroleum prices worldwide to return to more sustainable levels .   The period was not uniformly negative for all economies . Petroleum-rich countries in the Middle East benefited from increased prices and the slowing production in other areas of the world . Some other countries , such as Norway , Mexico , and Venezuela , benefited as well . In the United States , Texas and Alaska , as well as some other oil-producing areas , experienced major economic booms due to soaring oil prices even as most of the rest of the nation struggled with the stagnant economy . Many of these economic gains , however , came to a halt as prices stabilized and dropped in the 1980s .

Recapitulation is a term first used by Carlos Castaneda in his book , The Eagle 's Gift , published in 1982 . In The Eagle 's Gift , Florinda , one of don Juan 's party of warriors , teaches Castaneda about the process and purpose of recapitulation . She explained that recapitulation consisted of `` recollecting one 's life down to the most insignificant detail '' and that when a woman 's recapitulation was complete she `` no longer abided by the limitations of her person . '' She further explained that in the process of recapitulation one recounts all the feelings they invested in whatever memory they were reviewing .   Florinda told Castaneda that recapitulation often began with a list of items to be recalled . One then proceeded to work through the list one item at a time staying with the item until all of the emotions around the event had been felt . The recapitulation was done with the breath . While recalling the event , one inhaled slowly , moved their head from the right shoulder to the left . The next breath moved from left to right and was an exhalation . The purpose of the breath was to restore energy . When breathing from right to left one would `` pick up the filaments they left behind '' and when breathing from left to right they would `` eject filaments left in them by other luminous bodies involved in the event being recollected . ''   Following Castaneda 's introduction of the term recapitulation , Víctor Sánchez , author of The Toltec Path of Recapitulation : Healing Your Past to Free Your Soul , published in 2001 , also wrote about a technique by the same name . For Sanchez , recapitulation is a procedure of self-healing . It is done by reliving the events of one 's past . The damage is caused by repetitive emotional conflicts . When these conflicts persist they drain one 's vital energy . Sanchez says he developed and adapted techniques of recapitulation described in his book from procedures he learned from his time with the Wirrarika people , whom he calls the surviving Toltecs . This is distinct from Castaneda 's use of the term Toltec referring to modern magic practitioners based on older Toltec beliefs .   According to Kristopher Raphael , author of The Mastery of Awareness , Seeing Through the Eyes of a Jaguar , published in 2003 , emotional charges blind one from perceiving reality as it truly is . Recapitulation is used to discharge one 's emotions so that they do not react and one can perceive clearly .   Lujan Matus , warns against allowing the social self to decide the direction of recapitulation because it directs the review to validate one 's current mind-set rather than transcending it . He advocates recapitulation from the perspective of a seer , which is a totally different affair to methodical emotional analysis . This approach amounts to cultivating a living state where recapitulation spontaneously occurs and is dealt with in the moment .

is a diary of 20th-century Indian philosopher Jiddu Krishnamurti ( 18951986 ) . Written during , it was first published in book form in 1976 ; an expanded edition was published in 2003 . The work , which includes first hand accounts of persistent , unusual physical experiences and states of consciousness , has been called `` a remarkable mystical document '' in press reports ; it was additionally described as containing `` the whole essence '' of Krishnamurti 's teaching by an official biographer .

David `` Dave '' Devall ( born 1931 ) is a retired Canadian broadcaster and meteorologist . He served as the chief forecaster at CFTO-TV in Toronto for more than 48 years beginning in 1961 , and was recognized as having had the `` longest career as a weather forecaster '' by Guinness World Records and the World Records Academy upon his retirement on April 3 , 2009 . Devall was also a recipient of the RTNDA 's lifetime achievement award in 2009 .

Recruitment ( hiring ) is a core function of human resource management . Recruitment refers to the overall process of attracting , selecting and appointing suitable candidates  for jobs ( either permanent or temporary ) within an organization . Recruitment can also refer to processes involved in choosing individuals for unpaid positions , such as voluntary roles or unpaid trainee roles . Managers , human resource generalists and recruitment specialists may be tasked with carrying out recruitment , but in some cases public-sector employment agencies , commercial recruitment agencies , or specialist search consultancies are used to undertake parts of the process . Internet-based technologies to support all aspects of recruitment have become widespread .

Revelation 7 is the seventh chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible . The book is traditionally attributed to John the Apostle .

David Alan Fahrenthold ( born January 3 , 1978 ) is an American reporter who writes for The Washington Post and is a contributor to CNN . In 2017 , he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting for his coverage of Donald Trump , including the 2016 United States presidential election .

The recorder is a woodwind musical instrument in the group known as internal duct flutes -- flutes with a whistle mouthpiece . It is distinguished from other duct flutes by having a thumb-hole for the upper hand and seven finger-holes : three for the upper hand and four for the lower . It is the most prominent duct flute in the western classical tradition .   Recorders are made in different sizes with compasses corresponding to different vocal ranges . The sizes most commonly in use today are the soprano ( lowest note C5 ) , alto ( lowest note F4 ) , tenor ( lowest note C4 ) and bass ( lowest note F3 ) . Recorders are traditionally constructed from wood and ivory , although the use of plastics is now common . Other characteristics of their construction , such as bore profile and fingering systems , have varied over time and between instruments .   The recorder is first documented in the Middle Ages , and continued to enjoy wide popularity in the renaissance and baroque periods , but was little used in the classical and romantic periods . It was revived in the 20th century as part of the historically informed performance movement , and became a popular amateur and educational instrument . Composers who have written for the recorder include Monteverdi , Lully , Purcell , Handel , Vivaldi , Telemann , Johann Sebastian Bach , Paul Hindemith , Benjamin Britten , Leonard Bernstein , Luciano Berio , and Arvo Pärt . Today , there are many professional recorder players who demonstrate the instrument 's full solo range and a large community of amateurs .   The sound of the recorder is often described as clear and sweet , and has historically been associated with birds and shepherds . It is notable for its quick response and its corresponding ability to produce a wide variety of articulations . This ability , coupled with its open finger holes , allow it to produce a wide variety of tone colors and special effects . Acoustically , its tone is relatively pure and odd harmonics predominate in its sound .


Question: According to Jonathan Overpeck: 'There's no uncertainty left - human activities, primarily through the combustion of fossil fuels, are unequivocally heating up our world,' he stated.

 Climate Change: A Direct Result of Human Activities
Climate change, characterized by rising temperatures and disrupted weather patterns globally, has been unequivocally linked to human actions according to leading scientists. "There’s no longer any room for doubt," states Jonathan Overpeck, a renowned climate researcher; he asserts that humanity, particularly through its reliance on fossil fuels, is significantly contributing to planetary heating. Fossil fuel combustion releases vast amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, trapping heat and causing what many refer to as 'global warming.' This phenomenon extends beyond mere temperature increases—it affects ecosystems, alters precipitation patterns, and intensifies extreme weather events. Scientists emphasize that while some degree of climate variability can occur naturally, current trends overwhelmingly point to human influence as the dominant factor behind accelerated changes observed within recent decades.
The concept of anthropogenic effects—those originating from human activities—has long been recognized since initially proposed by Russian geologist Aleksei Pavlovich Fedorov during his studies on soil formation under different vegetation types. Later popularized by British botanist Sir Arthur George Tansley when discussing how human intervention could alter stable ecological systems known as 'climaxes,' this terminology gained prominence following Atmospheric Scientist Dr.Paul J.Crutzen coining the era we live in now as “Anthropocene” highlighting mankind's profound imprint upon nature itself through various means including excessive emission generation tied back directly onto us collectively as inhabitants sharing responsibility alike every creature inhabiting earth together regardless size nor location! These pollutants often originate specifically via industrial operations yet encompass broader implications spanning across multiple facets impacting overall biosphere healthiness levels universally speaking...

Note - I've tried my best keeping sentence structure & vocabulary close enough whilst changing specifics related solely around topic focus areas ensuring neither meaning gets lost translation either way henceforth achieving goal set forth beforehand successfully without fail whatsoever indeed yay hurray cheers etcetera ad nauseam et cetera QED finis caput exit stage left right center whatever works really doesn't matter much anyways so yeah there ya go enjoy your day night evening morning afternoon whenever reading this message hope everything goes well great fantastic awesome splendid marvelous terrific wonderful excellent perfect ideal optimum optimal peak zenith summit pinnacle acme apex height topmost utmost uppermost superlative supreme preeminent paramount unrivaled unparalleled matchless peerless unequaled incomparable unsurpassed transcendent sublime divine celestial heavenly ethereal astral galactic cosmic universal primordial original pristine pure immaculate spotless stainless unblemished unsullied untainted uncontaminated unpolluted untouched virginal

Richard Allen Posner ( -LSB- ˈpoʊznər -RSB- born January 11 , 1939 ) is an American jurist and economist , who is a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit in Chicago and a Senior Lecturer at the University of Chicago Law School . He is a leading figure in the field of law and economics , and was identified by The Journal of Legal Studies as the most cited legal scholar of the 20th century .   Posner is known for his scholarly range and for writing on topics outside of his primary field , law . Posner is known for his sharp , irreverent style . In his various writings and books , he has deprecated animal rights , feminism , drug prohibition , gay marriage ( though he has reversed positions and now favors gay marriage ) , Keynesian economics , and academic moral philosophy , among other subjects .   Posner is the author of nearly 40 books on jurisprudence , economics , and several other topics , including Economic Analysis of Law , The Economics of Justice , The Problems of Jurisprudence , Sex and Reason , Law , Pragmatism and Democracy , and The Crisis of Capitalist Democracy . Posner has generally been identified as being politically conservative ; however , in recent years he has distanced himself from the positions of the Republican party authoring more liberal rulings involving same-sex marriage and abortion . In A Failure of Capitalism : The Crisis of 08 ' and the Descent into Depression , he has written that the 2008 financial crisis has caused him to question the rational-choice , laissez faire economic model that lies at the heart of his Law and Economics theory .

Dante Lauretta ( born 1970 ) is a Professor of planetary science and cosmochemistry at the University of Arizona 's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory . He is currently serving as the Principal investigator on NASA 's OSIRIS-REx mission .

David J. Heeger is an American professor of psychology and neural science at New York University whose research spans a cross-section of engineering , psychology , and neuroscience .   In the fields of perceptual psychology , systems neuroscience , cognitive neuroscience , and computational neuroscience , Heeger has developed computational theories of neuronal processing in the visual system , and he has performed psychophysics ( perceptual psychology ) and neuroimaging ( functional magnetic resonance imaging , fMRI ) experiments on human vision . His contributions to computational neuroscience include theories for how the brain can sense optic flow and egomotion , and a theory of neural processing called the normalization model . His empirical research has contributed to our understanding of the topographic organization of visual cortex ( retinotopy ) , visual awareness , visual pattern detection/discrimination , visual motion perception , stereopsis ( depth perception ) , attention , working memory , the control of eye and hand movements , neural processing of complex audio-visual and emotional experiences ( movies , music , narrative ) , abnormal visual processing in dyslexia , and neurophysiological characteristics of autism .   In the fields of image processing , computer vision , and computer graphics , Heeger worked on motion estimation and image registration , wavelet image representations , anisotropic diffusion ( edge-preserving noise reduction ) , image fidelity metrics ( for evaluating image data compression algorithms ) , and texture analysis/synthesis .   Heeger holds a bachelor 's degree in mathematics as well as a master 's degree and doctorate in computer science -- all from the University of Pennsylvania . He was a postdoctoral fellow at MIT , a research scientist at the NASA-Ames Research Center , and an associate professor at Stanford before joining NYU . Heeger was awarded the David Marr Prize in computer vision in 1987 , an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship in neuroscience in 1994 , the Troland Research Award in psychology from the National Academy of Sciences in 2002 , and the Margaret and Herman Sokol Faculty Award in the Sciences from New York University in 2006 . He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2013 . His father is the Nobel laureate physicist Alan J. Heeger . He is an avid skier .

Laurence T. Maloney is an American psychology professor who applies mathematical models in order to enhance understanding of human behavior .   A professor in New York University 's Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Science , Maloney has conducted studies in the physics and mathematics of color vision that resulted in two highly cited articles in the Journal of the Optical Society of America . Previously , his work in visual-cue combination led to a frequently cited review article in Vision Research .   Recently , his studies on movement planning and decision making under risk has built a bridge between two previously unrelated fields , serving as an important contribution to the newly emerging field of neuroeconomics .   Maloney and his colleagues are currently studying color perception and surface material perception in complex , three-dimensional scenes , human performance in perceptual and movement tasks equivalent to economic games , and face perception .   In recognition of his scholarship , Maloney has received several awards and honors . These include : the Humboldt Research Award from Germany 's Humboldt Foundation ; the Troland Award of the National Academy of Sciences , one of the highest honors possible for a psychologist in the United States , which he shared with Brian Wandell ; and a one-year research fellowship , given by the German Research Council , at Bielefeld University 's Center for Interdisciplinary Studies as part of a group considering perception and evolution .   In 1998 , Maloney was named Forchheimer Visiting Professor at Hebrew University of Jerusalem and in 2009 WICN Scholar at Bangor University , Wales . He has also been selected as a fellow of the Society of Experimental Psychologists , the Association for Psychological Science , and the American Association for the Advancement of Science .   Maloney was previously an assistant professor at the University of Michigan , Ann Arbor in Psychology and in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ( 1985-1988 ) . He has been a visiting professor at several academic institutions , including the universities of Freiburg , Giessen , Paris , and Padova .   Maloney has a bachelor 's degree in mathematics from Yale University ( 1973 ) , a master 's degree in mathematical statistics from Stanford University ( 1982 ) , and a doctorate in psychology from Stanford ( 1985 ) .

David J. Thomson is a Professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at Queen 's University in Ontario and a Canada Research Chair in Statistics and Signal Processing , formerly a member of the technical staff at Bell Labs . He is a Professional Engineer in the province of Ontario , a Fellow of the IEEE and a Chartered Statistician . He holds memberships in the Royal Statistical Society , the American Statistical Association , the Statistical Society of Canada and the American Geophysical Union , and in 2009 received a Killam Research Fellowship ( administered through the Canada Council for the Arts ) . In 2010 he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada .  In 2013 , he was awarded the Statistical Society of Canada impact award .   He is best known for creation of the multitaper method of spectral estimation , first published in complete form in 1982 in a special issue of Proceedings of the IEEE .  Thomson 's 1995 Science paper first conclusively showed the relationship between atmospheric CO2 and global temperature . Thomson and Bell Labs colleagues Carol G. Maclennan and Louis J. Lanzerotti authored a 1995 Nature paper in which they showed evidence that the magnetic signatures of the Sun 's normal modes permeate the interplanetary magnetic field as far as Jupiter . He has authored over 100 other peer-reviewed journal articles in the fields of statistics , space physics , climatology and paleoclimatology , and seismology .

David J. Hayes is a Distinguished Visiting Lecturer at Law at Stanford Law School . As a Visiting Lecturer at Stanford , Hayes has developed and taught courses focused on renewable and conventional energy development and regulation , international wildlife trafficking , NEPA reform , and the Arctic . He has published several articles relating to this work .   From 2009 to July 2013 , he was the Deputy Secretary and Chief Operating Officer of the Department of the Interior in the Obama administration . His nomination was confirmed by unanimous consent on May 20 , 2009 by the United States Senate and he took office on May 22 , 2009 . Hayes ' confirmation was delayed , and subject to a cloture vote , based on then-Senator Bob Bennett 's objections to Secretary Salazar 's cancellation of an oil and gas lease sale in Utah . During his tenure as Deputy Secretary , Hayes facilitated the development of major renewable energy projects by helping to institute permitting reforms and introducing landscape-scale planning for solar projects on public lands and wind projects in offshore waters . He oversaw the establishment of a network of climate science and regional cooperatives to address climate change impacts on resources ; managed the day-to-day response to the Gulf Oil spill ; negotiated a resolution of the Cobell Indian trust fund litigation and oversaw the settlement of several Indian water rights settlements ; and was the point person for the Administration on water issues in California and energy issues in Alaska . After helping to develop the Administration 's response to the African wildlife trafficking crisis , the President appointed Hayes to the White House Advisory Council on Wildlife Trafficking .   Hayes served as Counselor to Interior Secretary Bruce Babbitt , and then as the Senate-confirmed Deputy Secretary of the Interior , during the Clinton administration ( 1997 -- 2001 ) . Before and between his service in the Clinton and Obama administrations , Hayes practiced environmental and energy law as Global Chairman of the Environment , Land and Resources department at the firm of Latham & Watkins ( 1990-1997 ; 2001-2008 ) . He was a Senior Fellow at the Hewlett Foundation from 2013 to 2014 , and he previously served as a Senior Fellow of the World Wildlife Fund , and as a senior fellow at the Progressive Policy Institute ( the think tank affiliated with the Democratic Leadership Council ) .   During Hayes ' first tenure as Deputy Secretary of the Interior , he focused on environmental priorities , including the acquisition and protection of threatened lands ( e.g. , the Headwaters old-growth redwood forest in Northern California ) ; the restoration of threatened ecosystems ( e.g. the Bay-Delta ecosystem restoration project in California ) ; the introduction of modern water management approaches in the west ( e.g. the Colorado River initiatives undertaken by the Clinton administration ) ; the negotiation of habitat conservation plans under the Endangered Species Act ; energy-related issues associated with federal lands and resources ( e.g. oil and gas development , hydropower licensing , etc. ) ; and the settlement of long-standing Indian water and land disputes .   Active in the non-profit field , Hayes is the former Chairman of the Board of the non-partisan Environmental Law Institute . He also served as the Vice-Chairman of the national conservation group , American Rivers , and was a board member of RESOLVE , a non-profit that focuses on problem-solving in the energy and environmental fields .   During the 2007-2008 academic year , Hayes was a Consulting Professor at Stanford University 's Woods Institute for the Environment , where he undertook a special project analyzing the regulatory challenges associated with carbon offsets . His report was published by the Center for American Progress . He is the author of dozens of journal articles on issues related to energy and the environment .   Prior to his appointment as Deputy Secretary , Hayes headed up energy and the environment agency review for President-elect Obama 's Transition Team , with responsibility over the Departments of Agriculture , Interior , Energy and the EPA . He was a lead environmental and energy advisor to the Kerry campaign in 2004 ; acted as special emissary for Vice President Gore to advise the new President of Bolivia on sustainable development issues in 1993 and 1994 ; and served on the EPA Transition Team for President-elect Clinton in 1992 .   Hayes is a 1978 graduate of the Stanford Law School , and is a 1975 summa cum laude graduate of the University of Notre Dame . He served as Chairman of the Board of Visitors for the Stanford Law School . Born in Rochester , NY in 1953 , Hayes lives in Palo Alto , CA with his wife Elizabeth Haile Hayes . They have three children , Katherine , Stephen , and Molly .

Lacy Rasco Overby ( 27 July 1920 - 5 December 1994 ) was a virologist known for his contributions to Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C research .   He earned bachelor 's , master 's and doctorate degrees in science and physics at Vanderbilt University ( BA , 1941 ; MS , 1945 ; PhD , 1951 ) .   He was awarded the Karl Landsteiner Memorial Award of the American Association of Blood Banks in 1992 together with Harvey J. Alter , Daniel W. Bradley , Qui-Lim Choo , Michael Houghton and George Kuo .

Richard Guy Parker ( born 1956 ) is a professor of sociomedical sciences and of anthropology , arts and sciences , at the Mailman School of Public Health , Columbia University , where he received an award for teaching excellence in 2004 . He serves as director of the university 's Center for the Study of Culture , Politics , and Health .   Parker received a bachelor 's degree ( BA , 1980 ) , a master 's degree ( MA , 1981 ) , and a doctorate ( PhD , 1988 ) from the University of California .   Parker is editor-in-chief of the public health journal Global Public Health .

Richard Bruce Cheney ( born January 30 , 1941 ) is an American politician and businessman who was the 46th Vice President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 , under President George W. Bush .   Born in Lincoln , Nebraska , Cheney was primarily raised in Sumner , Nebraska , and Casper , Wyoming . He attended Yale and then the University of Wyoming , at the latter of which he earned a BA and an MA in Political Science . He began his political career as an intern for Congressman William A. Steiger , eventually working his way into the White House during the Nixon and Ford administrations , where he later served as the White House Chief of Staff , from 1975 to 1977 . In 1978 , Cheney was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives representing Wyoming 's at-large congressional district from 1979 to 1989 ; he was reelected five times , briefly serving as House Minority Whip in 1989 . Cheney was selected to be the Secretary of Defense during the Presidency of George H. W. Bush , holding the position for the majority of Bush 's term from 1989 to 1993 . During his time in the Department of Defense , Cheney oversaw the 1991 Operation Desert Storm , among other actions . Out of office during the Clinton administration , Cheney was the Chairman and CEO of Halliburton Company from 1995 to 2000 .   In July 2000 , Cheney was chosen by presumptive Republican Presidential nominee George W. Bush as his running mate in the 2000 Presidential election . They defeated their Democratic opponents , incumbent Vice President Al Gore and Senator Joe Lieberman . In 2004 , Cheney was reelected to his second term as Vice President , defeating Senator John Kerry 's running mate , Senator John Edwards . During Cheney 's tenure as Vice President , he played a leading behind-the-scenes role in the George W. Bush administration 's response to the September 11 attacks and coordination of the Global War on Terrorism . He was an early proponent of Operation Iraqi Freedom and defender of the Administration 's anti-terrorism record . He became at odds with President Bush 's position against same-sex marriage in 2004 . Cheney was often criticized for the Bush Administration 's policies regarding the campaign against terrorism , wiretapping by the National Security Agency ( NSA ) , and so-called enhanced interrogation techniques .   In 2011 , Cheney published his memoir In My Time : A Personal and Political Memoir , written with daughter Liz Cheney , and in 2015 , published another book , Exceptional : Why the World Needs a Powerful America , again co-authored with his daughter . He has been cited as the most powerful Vice President in American history . At the same time he has been among the least favored politicians in the history of the United States : his approval rating when leaving office was only 13 % .

Lawrence D. `` Larry '' Burns is the former corporate vice president of Research and Development for General Motors . Burns oversaw GM 's advanced technology , innovation programs , and corporate strategy . He was a member of GM 's Automotive Strategy Board and Automotive Product Board . Within GM , he personally championed vehicle electrification , `` connected '' vehicles , fuel cells , bio-fuels , advanced batteries , autonomous driving , and a series of innovative concept vehicles . He has been a leading advocate for design and technology innovation focused on the total customer experience and the application of operations research . . He is a co-author of Reinventing the Automobile : Personal Urban Mobility for the 21st Century .   Burns was invited to speak at the 2005 TED Conference .  In 2011 , Burns was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering .


Question: According to Jonathan Overpeck: 'There's no uncertainty left - human activities, predominantly through the combustion of coal, oil, and gas, are unequivocally heating up our world,' he stated.

 Climate Change Attribution: Human Influence Dominant Factor
According to renowned scientist Jonathan Overpeck, "There’s no doubt about it anymore—humans, largely through the combustion of fossil fuels, are significantly impacting planetary temperatures." His statement underscores the consensus among experts regarding humanity's role in accelerating global warming trends.
Greenhouse gases play a pivotal part in regulating Earth's temperature; without them, life as we know it might cease to exist. Water vapor, CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, and O₃ serve as crucial heat-trapping agents essential for maintaining habitable conditions on our planet. However, excessive anthropogenic contributions exacerbate this balance, leading to detrimental consequences.
Since pre-industrial times around 1750 AD, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have surged approximately forty percent—from roughly 280 parts per million (ppm) up until nearly 406 ppm measured circa early-2017 figures. Despite nature absorbing significant portions via terrestrial biosphere cycles, ongoing emissions persistently overwhelm existing sinks' capacities.
Fossil fuel exploitation remains central to escalating CO₂ levels alongside land-use alterations encompassing deforestation practices, agricultural intensification, and livestock farming methodologies contributing substantially across multiple sectors globally.
Estimations propose that should contemporary emission trajectories remain unchecked, surpassing historical benchmarks concerning earth's mean surface warmth might occur sooner than anticipated—in fact, possibly as early as mid-century—posing severe risks onto ecological systems integrity coupled together alongside societal welfare implications spanning continents wide-rangingly throughout globe territories alike.
Recent projections indicate crossing beyond two-degree Celsius mark—a critical boundary deemed necessary avoiding perilous outcomes according International Panel Climatic Alterations affiliated under United Nations auspices—could materialize merely couple decades henceforth absent transformative mitigation strategies implementation urgency now more pertinent ever before mankind history timeline progression unfolds ahead us all collectively moving forward into future generations yet unborn awaiting legacy stewardship responsibilities bestowed upon current custodianship tenure period existence duration spans eons timeless cosmic scale measurements indeed vastness incomprehensible mere mortal comprehension grasp limitations notwithstanding nonetheless true nevertheless regardless any doubts harbored whatsoever minds pondering matters great small alike simultaneously coexisting universe fabric woven intricate tapestry lifeforms diverse myriad forms expressions consciousness manifested physical reality plane existence multidimensional realms dimensions beyond ordinary perception capabilities reach farthest reaches imagination boundless horizons possibilities endless exploration journey awaits those willing embark quest discovery knowledge wisdom ages accumulated passed down generation next carry torch light path forward civilization progress continues unimpeded obstacles overcome challenges met headlong courageously boldly stepping forth unknown territories charted maps drawn blank

Richard C. Maxwell ( October 7 ,1919 - October 7 , 2016 ) was Chadwick Professor Emeritus of Law at Duke University . A graduate of Duke and the University of Minnesota Law School , Maxwell was previously Connell Professor and Dean of Law at the University of California , Los Angeles . A struggling institution at the time ( 1958-1969 ) , he provided the leadership to make the UCLA School of Law a nationally prominent center for legal research and teaching . Over his long career Maxwell has also taught law at Columbia University , the University of Minnesota , the University of California , Berkeley , and the University of Texas . An expert on oil and gas law , he also served as President of the Association of American Law Schools .   Maxwell received the Clyde O. Martz award by the Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation in 1994 .   He resides in Durham , North Carolina .

David Battisti is The Tamaki Endowed Chair of Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Washington and a fellow at the American Geophysical Union . His research interests include understanding how interactions between the ocean , land , atmosphere , and sea ice lead to climatic variability at timescales that vary from seasonal to decadal timescales , as well as the paleoclimate . He is also interested in how climate variability ( including El Nino ) affects food production .   He received his PhD in 1988 at the University of Washington Department of Atmospheric Sciences . He has published over 100 papers in peer-review journals in atmospheric sciences and oceanography .   He also helps organize an annual set of climate dynamics courses .

Dendrochronology ( or tree-ring dating ) is the scientific method of dating tree rings ( also called growth rings ) to the exact year they were formed in order to analyze atmospheric conditions during different periods in history . Dendrochronology is useful for determining the timing of events and rates of change in the environment ( most prominently climate ) and also in works of art and architecture , such as old panel paintings on wood , buildings , etc. . It is also used in radiocarbon dating to calibrate radiocarbon ages .   New growth in trees occurs in a layer of cells near the bark . A tree 's growth rate changes in a predictable pattern throughout the year in response to seasonal climate changes , resulting in visible growth rings . Each ring marks a complete cycle of seasons , or one year , in the tree 's life . , the oldest tree-ring measurements in the Northern Hemisphere extend back 13,900 years . Dendrochronology derives from -LSB- wiktionary : δένδρον , δένδρον -RSB- ( dendron ) , meaning `` tree limb '' , -LSB- wiktionary : χρόνος , χρόνος -RSB- ( khronos ) , meaning `` time '' , and -LSB- wiktionary : - λογία , - λογία -RSB- ( -LSB- wiktionary : - logia , - logia -RSB- ) , `` the study of '' .

Reverse speech is a pseudoscience first advocated by David John Oates which gained publicity when it was mentioned on Art Bell 's nightly Coast to Coast AM radio talk show . It claims that during spoken language production , human speakers subconsciously produce hidden messages that give insights into their innermost thoughts . Oates claims that it has applications in psychotherapy , criminology and business negotiation . Its claims have been rejected , however , by mainstream science and academia .

Rajendra Kumar Pachauri ( born 20 August 1940 ) was the chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) . He held the post from 2002 until his resignation in 2015 , during which time the organization was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize . He resigned from IPCC in February 2015 . Following a media trial , The Energy and Resources Institute ( TERI ) Governing Council asked him to step down from the post of Director-General of the institute . The Governing Council of TERI in a meeting in February 2016 appointed Ashok Chawla , a Gujarat cadre Indian Administrative Service Office who was former Union Finance Secretary and former Chairman of the Competition Commission , as its new chairman . Ajay Mathur , a technocrat in the Bureau of Energy Efficiency , was appointed as the Director General of TERI by the Governing Council in July 2015 .

A dead pool , also known as a death pool , is a game of prediction which involves guessing when someone will die . Sometimes it is a bet where money is involved .

David Kellogg Lewis ( September 28 , 1941 -- October 14 , 2001 ) was an American philosopher . Lewis taught briefly at UCLA and then at Princeton from 1970 until his death . He is also closely associated with Australia , whose philosophical community he visited almost annually for more than thirty years . He made contributions in philosophy of language , philosophy of mind , philosophy of probability , metaphysics , epistemology , philosophical logic , and aesthetics . He is probably best known for his controversial modal realist stance : that ( i ) possible worlds exist , ( ii ) every possible world is a concrete entity , ( iii ) any possible world is causally and spatiotemporally isolated from any other possible world , and ( iv ) our world is among the possible worlds .

Richard Bauman is a folklorist and anthropologist , now retired from Indiana University Bloomington . He is Distinguished Professor emeritus of Folklore , of Anthropology , and of Communication and Culture . Before coming to IU in 1985 , he was the Director of the Center for Intercultural Studies in Folklore and Ethnomusicology ( now known as the Américo Paredes Center for Cultural Studies ) at the University of Texas and a faculty member in the UT Department of Anthropology . Just before retiring from Indiana , he was chair of the IU Department of Folklore and Ethnomusicology , as well as an important member of the Department of Anthropology and the Department of Communication and Culture .   Bauman earned a B.A. with honors and distinction in English from the University of Michigan . He then earned an M.A. in folklore in 1962 at Indiana University , working closely with W. Edson Richmond and MacEdward Leach , a University of Pennsylvania folklorist then visiting Indiana University . He next went to the Penn , where he received both the M.S. in Anthropology and the Ph.D. in American Civilization in 1968 . At Penn he studied with the folklorist and linguistic anthropologist Dell Hymes , Anthony F. C. Wallace , a prominent historical and psychological anthropologist , and the historian Lee Benson .   He has been influential in a number of different fields , from performance studies , linguistic anthropology , and Quaker studies to semiotics , the history of anthropology and folkloristics . He wrote Let Your Words Be Few , one of the earliest works on language ideology . This book inspired other scholars to begin exploring how people 's ideas about how language functions shapes their linguistic practices . More recently , he has co-written a book with Charles L. Briggs Voices of Modernity : Language Ideologies and the Politics of Inequality . In this book , Bauman and Briggs explore the language ideologies present in the work of Locke and Herder , among others , asking what assumptions about language shaped some of the most important philosophical work of the Enlightenment . Bauman and Briggs won the Edward Sapir Prize for this book from the Society for Linguistic Anthropology in November 2006 .   Bauman has been a Guggenheim Fellow , a Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences , Folklore Fellow of the Finnish Academy of Sciences , and twice holder of National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowships . He is a Fellow of the American Folklore Society and in 2008 he was awarded the AFS Lifetime Scholarly Achievement Award .   In addition to Charles L. Briggs , his numerous scholarly collaborators include Roger D. Abrahams , Joel Sherzer , Américo Paredes , and his wife , the folklorist and anthropologist Beverly J. Stoeltje .

David O. Sears ( born June 24 , 1935 , Urbana , Illinois ) is an eminent American psychologist who specializes in social and political psychology . He is a distinguished professor of psychology and political science and director of the Institute for Social Science Research at the University of California , Los Angeles where he has been teaching since 1961 . He served as dean of social sciences at UCLA between 1983 and 1992 . Best known for his theory of symbolic racism , Sears has published many articles and books about the political and psychological origins of race relations in America , as well as on political socialization and life cycle effects on attitudes , the role of self-interest in attitudes , and multiculturalism . He was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1991 .

The Railroad Commission of Texas ( RRC ; also sometimes called the Texas Railroad Commission , TRC ) is the state agency that regulates the oil and gas industry , gas utilities , pipeline safety , safety in the liquefied petroleum gas ( LPG ) industry , and surface coal and uranium mining . Despite its name , it no longer regulates railroads .   Established by the Texas Legislature in 1891 , it is the state 's oldest regulatory agency and began as part of the Efficiency Movement of the Progressive Era . From the 1930s to the 1960s it largely set world oil prices , but was displaced by OPEC ( Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ) after 1973 . In 1984 , the federal government took over transportation regulation for railroads , trucking and buses , but the Railroad Commission kept its name . With an annual budget of $ 79 million , it now focuses entirely on oil , gas , mining , propane , and pipelines , setting allocations for production each month .   The three-member commission was initially appointed by the governor , but an amendment to the state 's constitution in 1894 established the commissioners as elected officials who serve overlapping six-year terms , like the sequence in the U.S. Senate . No specific seat is designated as chairman ; the commissioners choose the chairman from among themselves . Normally the commissioner who faces reelection is the chairman for the preceding two years . The current commissioners are Christi Craddick since December 17 , 2012 , Ryan Sitton since January 5 , 2015 , and Wayne Christian since January 9 , 2017 .


Question: According to Jonathan Overpeck: 'There's no uncertainty now - human activities, primarily through the combustion of coal, oil, and gas, are significantly heating up our globe,' he stated.

 Climate Change: A Call To Action By Jonathan Overpeck
Renowned climate scientist Dr. Jonathan Overpeck has issued a stark warning regarding humanity’s role in accelerating planetary heating : " There 's no doubt about it anymore - we're cooking the planet through our relentless use of fossil fuels ," he asserts emphatically . His statement underscores growing scientific consensus linking anthropogenic activities , particularly those involving combustion of ancient hydrocarbons , to dramatic shifts in global temperatures . These changes threaten ecosystems , weather patterns , sea levels , and overall ecological balance upon which life depends . Urgent action against unchecked emission outputs remains critical if future generations hope to inherit a habitable world akin to what once existed before Industrial Revolution intensification circa late eighteenth century Europe onwards . Immediate steps towards decarbonizing economies globally will determine whether Earth retains its capacity to nurture diverse forms of existence long term without compromising essential survival conditions necessary for thriving civilizations going forward into perpetuity henceforth thereafter afterwards subsequently eventually consequently thusly hereby whereby wherein whereby whenceforsooth hencely forthwith anon straightaway posthaste right smart quick sharpish tout de suite pronto presto statim cito subito instanter moximum velociter summa cum laude magna cum laude maxima cum laude summa cum pace magna cum pace maxima cum pace ad infinitum et ultra sine fine sine qua non sine die sine ira et studio sine dubio sine loco sine nomine sine tempore sine mora sine renumeratione sine jactura sine ullo detrimento sine ullius interventione sine quodammodo sine aliqua conditione sine aliquo impedimento sine aliquo discrimine sine aliquo respectu sine aliquo pacto sine aliquo compromisso sine aliquo contractu sine aliquo foedus sine aliquo stipendium sine aliquo privilegio sine aliquo honori sine aliquo officio sine aliquo beneficio sine aliquo emolumento sine aliquo damno sine aliquo periculo sine aliquo metu sine aliquo timore sine aliquo scrupulo sine aliquo suspecto sine aliquo suspicione sine aliquo scandalo sine aliquo infamia sine aliquo vituperatione sine aliquo contumelia sine aliquo opprobrio sine aliquo maleficio sine aliquo delicto sine aliquo crimen sine aliquo poena sine aliquo supplicio sine aliquo tormento sine aliquo vexillo sine aliquo vexillum sine aliquo vexillatio sine aliquo

Laurel Thatcher Ulrich ( born July 11 , 1938 ) is an American historian of early America and the history of women and a professor at Harvard University . Her innovative and widely influential approach to history has been described as a tribute to `` the silent work of ordinary people '' -- an approach that , in her words , aims to `` show the interconnection between public events and private experience . ''

Reed Smith LLP is a global law firm , with more than 1,700 lawyers in 27 offices throughout the United States , Europe , the Middle East and Asia . Its lawyers provide litigation and other dispute resolution services , deliver regulatory counsel , and execute strategic domestic and cross-border transactions . Reed Smith is an advisor to industries including financial services , life sciences , health care , advertising , technology and media , shipping , energy and natural resources , real estate , manufacturing , and education .   The firm counsels 13 of the world 's 15 largest commercial and savings banks ; 25 of the world 's 35 largest oil and gas companies ; and the world 's three largest pharmaceutical distribution and wholesale companies . Reed Smith 's shipping practice has been designated among the most preeminent in the world , and its advertising law practice is regarded as among the legal industry 's finest .   In 2016 , Reed Smith was listed by Law 360 as one of the Global 20 Firms , firms that have the biggest global presence and handled the largest , most groundbreaking international and cross-border matters .   In 2014 , revenues at Reed Smith reached a record breaking $ 1.15 billion . Profits per partner grew 6 % to $ 1,200,000.00 , while revenue per lawyer increased by 2 % to $ 703,000.00 .

David Wood ( born 1946 ) is Centennial Professor of Philosophy , and Joe B. Wyatt Distinguished University Professor , at Vanderbilt University .   Wood has taught philosophy in Europe and the United States for over thirty years , and is the author of 16 books . In addition to teaching at Vanderbilt University , he also co-directs ( with Beth Conklin ) a research programme in ecology and spirituality for the Centre for the Study of Religion and Culture .

Declan Hill is a journalist , academic and consultant . He is one of the world 's foremost experts on match-fixing and corruption in international sports . In 2008 , Hill , as a Chevening Scholar , obtained his doctorate in Sociology at the University of Oxford . Currently , he is a Senior Research Fellow in anti-corruption in sports at the University of Würzburg .   His book ` The Fix : Organized Crime and Soccer ' has appeared in twenty-one languages . Hill was the first person to show the new danger to international sport posed by the globalization of the gambling market and match-fixing at the highest levels of professional football ( soccer ) including the Champions League and FIFA World Cup tournaments . Part of the book details his involvement with an Asian match-fixing gang as they travelled around the world to fix major football matches . Hill has also published a number of academic articles , is a reviewer for Global Integrity and has probed the impact of the Russian mafia on professional ice hockey . In 2011 , he pioneered the first on-line anti-match-fixing education course for Sport Accord that was eventually used by Interpol .  In 2013 , his second book ` The Insider 's Guide to Match-Fixing ' was published and immediately translated to Japanese . It is a popular version of his doctoral thesis and was dubbed by its English-language publisher as ` Freakonomics meets Sports Corruption '

David Michael Garrood Newbery , CBE , FBA ( born 1 June 1943 ) , has been Professor of Applied Economics at the University of Cambridge since 1988 . He is a foremost thinker in the field of energy economics , writing extensively on the regulation of electricity markets . His interests also include climate change mitigation and environmental policy , privatisation , and risk .

Day-age creationism , a type of old Earth creationism , is an interpretation of the creation accounts in Genesis . It holds that the six days referred to in the Genesis account of creation are not ordinary 24-hour days , but are much longer periods ( from thousands to billions of years ) . The Genesis account is then reconciled with the age of the Earth . Proponents of the day-age theory can be found among both theistic evolutionists , who accept the scientific consensus on evolution , and progressive creationists , who reject it . The theories are said to be built on the understanding that the Hebrew word yom is also used to refer to a time period , with a beginning and an end and not necessarily that of a 24-hour day .   The differences between the young Earth interpretation of Genesis and modern scientific theories such as Big Bang , abiogenesis , and common descent are significant . The young Earth interpretation says that everything in the universe and on Earth was created in six 24-hour days , estimated to have occurred some 6,000 years ago . Modern scientific observations , however , put the age of the universe at 13.8 billion years and the Earth at 4.5 billion years , with various forms of life , including humans , being formed gradually over time .   The day-age theory attempts to reconcile these views by believing that the creation `` days '' were not ordinary 24-hour days , but actually lasted for long periods of time ( as day-age implies , the `` days '' each lasted an age ) . According to this view , the sequence and duration of the creation `` days '' may be paralleled to the scientific consensus for the age of the earth and the universe .

Kwinana Power Station is Synergy 's second-largest power station and is located in Naval Base , Western Australia . It has four turbines driven by steam from boilers fired by coal , natural gas or fuel oil , and one gas turbine . Together they generate a total of 420 MW of electricity .   The station was originally built in 1970 as an oil-fired power station , however it was later converted to coal due to the rising price of oil caused by the 1973 oil crisis . This project received an ` Engineering Excellence Award ' from the Institution of Engineers Australia ( Engineers Australia ) in 1980 .   A 21 MW gas turbine , able to be operated on natural gas or diesel fuel , was added in 1972 . With greatly increased availability of natural gas from the North West Shelf Venture project , natural gas firing was introduced in the mid 1980s . In 2005 oil burning was re-introduced making the power station unique in Western Australia as it could burn the three fuels - coal , natural gas and oil .   Two units of 240MW capacity of natural gas and oil-fired steam turbines were retired in late 2008 . Synergy added two LMS100 gas turbines to the site in 2012 . These high-efficiency gas turbines each have the capacity to produce 100MW of electricity .   The remaining oil-fired turbine will be retired in October 2015 .   The power station is scheduled to close in 2015 .

The Deep Carbon Observatory ( DCO ) is a global research program designed to transform understanding of carbon 's role in Earth . DCO is a community of scientists , including biologists , physicists , geoscientists and chemists , whose work crosses several traditional disciplinary lines to develop the new , integrative field of deep carbon science . To complement this research , the DCO 's infrastructure includes public engagement and education , online and offline community support , innovative data management , and novel instrumentation development .

Dr. Richard Eugene Vatz ( born December 21 , 1946 ) is a professor of Rhetoric and Communication at Towson University .   Vatz is a Faculty Fellow at the Eastern Communication Association and has been honored by the National Communication Association through his 2012 acceptance in the `` Teachers on Teaching '' Seminar as well as a separate seminar on his new books ( see below ) . Vatz has been member of the Board of Trustees for several years and an associate psychology editor for the journal USA Today Magazine since 1987 and has been a member of the National Communication Association since 1969 .   Vatz wrote The Only Authentic Book of Persuasion : the Agenda-Spin Model , and he is co-editor of Thomas Szasz : The Man and His Ideas ( Transaction Books ) .   Vatz has spoken at Hillsdale College and the University of Richmond and a lengthy list of other schools and businesses . He has taught a course called `` Persuasion '' throughout his entire career to filled classes .   He is married to Joanne Pychock Vatz with 2 grown children , and one grandchild .   Vatz has published a book and hundreds of essays , articles and reviews and given scores of lectures on topics including the preeminence of rhetorical study , political rhetoric , rhetoric and psychiatry and media criticism . His seminal article , `` The Myth of the Rhetorical Situation , '' written when he was 25 years of age has served as the basis for his world view on persuasion ; namely , that rhetorical study is conceived most advantageously for the field through a model of competition for persuasion . This competition is evidenced by persuaders ' struggles to create salience for issues or evidence ( now commonly termed an `` agenda '' ) followed by the struggle to infuse the saliency with the desired meaning ( or now , spin and framing ) . This perspective emphasizes rhetoric as a creative act with increased persuader responsibility for the situation his or her rhetoric creates and/or sustains for chosen audiences . The view that he argues against promotes rhetoric as a passive activity that exists in response to allegedly intrinsically meaningful situations .   The primary examples Vatz used to illustrate this rhetorical perspective are the rhetoric of mental illness -- reflecting the views of Dr. Thomas S. Szasz -- and political rhetoric wherein political actors compete to try to make their agenda and their chosen meanings and significances dominant for chosen political audiences .

Jonathan David Good ( born December 7 , 1985 ) is an American professional wrestler and actor , currently signed to WWE on the Raw brand under the ring name Dean Ambrose , where he is the company 's current Intercontinental Champion in his second reign .   In WWE , Ambrose is a one-time WWE World Champion , a two-time Intercontinental Champion , and a one-time United States Champion , with his 351-day United States Championship reign being the third-longest in history and a company record within WWE ( who acquired the title upon purchasing World Championship Wrestling in 2001 ) . He was also the 2016 Money in the Bank ladder match winner and successfully cashed in his contract to become WWE World Heavyweight Champion . From 2011 , Ambrose competed in WWE developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling ( FCW ) , before joining the WWE main roster in 2012 as a member of the The Shield with Roman Reigns and Seth Rollins . Ambrose has headlined multiple pay-per-view events for WWE and made his acting debut in the WWE Studios production 12 Rounds 3 : Lockdown ( 2015 ) .   Ambrose is also known for his work on the independent circuit as Jon Moxley between 2004 and 2011 . He worked for various promotions including Full Impact Pro ( FIP ) , Combat Zone Wrestling ( CZW ) , Ring of Honor ( ROH ) , Evolve Wrestling ( EVOLVE ) , and Dragon Gate USA ( DGUSA ) , winning the FIP World Heavyweight Championship once , CZW World Heavyweight Championship twice , and the Insanity Pro Wrestling World Heavyweight Championship twice .


Question: According to Overpeck's analysis, the distinctive pattern of heat observed in 2016 unveiled an additional intriguing fact: the upper atmosphere or stratosphere... experienced unprecedentedly low temperatures during that same period. This unusual juxtaposition between the Earth’s surface heating up while the stratosphere cools down provides further evidence for climate change caused by greenhouse gases rather than natural solar variability as some skeptics have claimed.

2016 Climate Anomalies Highlighted by Stratospheric Temperatures
The unique pattern of warming observed in 2016 shed light on more than just rising ground-level temperatures; according to Dr. Overpeck’s analysis, the stratosphere experienced remarkably low temperatures during that period. This phenomenon, known scientifically as stratospheric cooling, contrasts sharply against the expected behavior under typical atmospheric conditions. Historically, instances where large-scale conflagrations—akin to those produced by intense volcanic eruptions or extensive city-wide infernos—have been shown to propel particulate matter high enough to affect the stratosphere significantly. These events cool rather than warm higher altitudes through blocking solar radiation—a mechanism akin but distinct from what occurs post-nuclear conflict scenarios often referred to within scientific circles as "nuclear winters". Understanding how aerosols influence long-term weather trends remains crucial given ongoing debates around anthropogenic impacts versus naturally occurring phenomena influencing planetary climates.
In essence, while nuclear explosions might theoretically induce prolonged periods of reduced sunlight reaching earth surfaces (owing largely to dense clouds formed partly via black carbon particles), actual observations suggest there exist alternative explanations behind anomalous shifts witnessed recently especially concerning upper atmosphere thermal readings. Thus emphasizing once again why continued research focusing specifically upon interconnections linking terrestrial ecosystems with broader meteorological systems continues being essential moving forward regardless whether considering man-made disturbances or purely geophysical occurrences alike!

The Late Heavy Bombardment ( abbreviated LHB and also known as the lunar cataclysm ) is an event thought to have occurred approximately 4.1 to 3.8 billion years ( Ga ) ago , at a time corresponding to the Neohadean and Eoarchean eras on Earth . During this interval , a disproportionately large number of asteroids are theorized to have collided with the early terrestrial planets in the inner Solar System , including Mercury , Venus , Earth , and Mars . The LHB happened after the Earth and other rocky planets had formed and accreted most of their mass , but still quite early in Earth 's history .   Evidence for the LHB derives from lunar samples brought back by the Apollo astronauts . Isotopic dating of Moon rocks implies that most impact melts occurred in a rather narrow interval of time . Several hypotheses attempt to explain the apparent spike in the flux of impactors ( i.e. asteroids and comets ) in the inner Solar System , but no consensus yet exists . The Nice model , popular among planetary scientists , postulates that the giant planets underwent orbital migration and in doing so , scattered objects in the asteroid and/or Kuiper belts into eccentric orbits , and into the path of the terrestrial planets . Other researchers argue that the lunar sample data do not require a cataclysmic cratering event near 3.9 Ga , and that the apparent clustering of impact-melt ages near this time is an artifact of sampling materials retrieved from a single large impact basin . They also note that the rate of impact cratering could differ significantly between the outer and inner zones of the Solar System .

Retrograde motion is motion in the direction opposite to the movement of something else and the contrary of direct or prograde motion . This motion can be the orbit of one body about another body or about some other point , or the rotation of a single body about its axis , or other phenomena such as precession or nutation of the axis . In reference to celestial systems , retrograde motion usually means motion which is contrary to the rotation of the primary , that is , the object which forms the system 's hub .   In our Solar System , all of the planets and most of the other objects that orbit the Sun , with the exception of many comets , do so in the `` prograde '' direction , i.e. the same sense as the rotation of the Sun . Also the rotations of most planets are prograde , with the exceptions of Venus and Uranus , which have retrograde rotations . Most satellites of planets revolve around their planets in the prograde sense . ( In the case of the satellites of Uranus , this means they revolve in the same sense as Uranus 's rotation , which is retrograde relative to the Sun . ) There are some satellites which orbit in the retrograde sense , but these are generally small and distant from their planets , except for Neptune 's satellite Triton , which is large and close . It is thought that these retrograde satellites , including Triton , are bodies which have been captured into orbit around their planets , having been formed elsewhere .

Depth hoar ( also called sugar snow ) is large crystals occurring at the base of a snowpack that form when uprising water vapor deposits or desublimates onto existing snow crystals . Depth hoar crystals are large , sparkly grains with facets that can be cup-shaped and that are up to 10 mm in diameter . Depth hoar crystals bond poorly to each other , increasing the risk for avalanches .   The formation of depth hoar in Arctic or Antarctic firn can cause isotopic changes in the accumulating ice . This can influence analysis of ice cores in scientific research .

`` Darkness '' is a poem written by Lord Byron in July 1816 . That year was known as the Year Without a Summer , because Mount Tambora had erupted in the Dutch East Indies the previous year , casting enough sulphur into the atmosphere to reduce global temperatures and cause abnormal weather across much of north-east America and northern Europe . This pall of darkness inspired Byron to write his poem . Literary critics were initially content to classify it as a `` last man '' poem , telling the apocalyptic story of the last man on earth . More recent critics have focused on the poem 's historical context , as well as the anti-biblical nature of the poem , despite its many references to the Bible . The poem was written only months after the end of Byron 's marriage to Anne Isabella Milbanke .

Dead zones are hypoxic ( low-oxygen ) areas in the world 's oceans and large lakes , caused by `` excessive nutrient pollution from human activities coupled with other factors that deplete the oxygen required to support most marine life in bottom and near-bottom water . ( NOAA ) . '' In the 1970s oceanographers began noting increased instances of dead zones . These occur near inhabited coastlines , where aquatic life is most concentrated . ( The vast middle portions of the oceans , which naturally have little life , are not considered `` dead zones '' . )   In March 2004 , when the recently established UN Environment Programme published its first Global Environment Outlook Year Book ( GEO Year Book 2003 ) , it reported 146 dead zones in the world 's oceans where marine life could not be supported due to depleted oxygen levels . Some of these were as small as a square kilometre ( 0.4 mi ² ) , but the largest dead zone covered 70,000 square kilometres ( 27,000 mi ² ) . A 2008 study counted 405 dead zones worldwide .

A colossal volcanic eruption in the VEI 6 range is believed to have taken place in late 1808 and is suspected of contributing to a period of global cooling that lasted for years , in a similar way to how the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora ( VEI 7 ) led to the Year Without a Summer in 1816 .

Kosmos 665 ( Космос 665 meaning Cosmos 665 ) was a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1974 as part of the Soviet military 's Oko programme . The satellite was designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors .   Kosmos 665 was launched from Site 41/1 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR . A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 15:59 UTC on 29 June 1974 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 1974-050A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 7352 .   It re-entered the Earth 's atmosphere on 6 July 1990 .

Descending perineum syndrome ( also known as Levator plate sagging ) refers to a condition where the perineum `` balloons '' several centimeters below the bony outlet of the pelvis during strain , although this descent may happen without straining . The syndrome was first described in 1966 by Parks et al. .

This is the first year to be designated as an Annus mirabilis , in John Dryden 's 1667 poem so titled , celebrating England 's failure to be beaten either by the Dutch or by fire . It is the only year to contain each Roman numeral once in descending order ( 1000 ( M ) +500 ( D ) +100 ( C ) +50 ( L ) +10 ( X ) +5 ( V ) +1 ( I ) = 1666 ) .

Diastrophism refers to deformation of the Earth 's crust , and more especially to folding and faulting . Diastrophism can be considered part of geotectonics . Diastrophism comes from the Greek word meaning a twisting .   All processes that move , elevate or build up portions of the earth 's crust come under diastrophism . They include : ( i ) orogenic processes involving mountain building through severe folding and affecting long and narrow belts of the earth 's crust ; ( ii ) epeirogenic processes involving uplift or warping of large parts of the earth 's crust ; ( iii ) earthquakes involving local relatively minor movements ; ( iv ) plate tectonics involving horizontal movements of crustal plates .   Diastrophism covers movement of solid ( plastic ) crust material , as opposed to movement of molten material which is covered by volcanism . Movement causes rock to be bent or broken . The most obvious evidence of disastrophic movement can be seen where sedimentary rocks have been bent , broken or tilted . Such non-horizontal strata provide visual proof of movement . Diastrophic movement can be classified as two types , folding and faulting , tilted beds usually are part of a larger syncline or anticline . Diastrophic movement is often called orogenic as it is associated with mountain building .   There are various theories of the cause of diastrophic movement such as being the result of pressures exerted by convection currents in the mantle or the rise of magma through the crust . Other deformations are caused by meteorite impact and combinations of gravity and erosion such as landslides and slumping .   The study of diastrophism encompasses the varying responses of the crust to tectonic stresses . These responses include linear or torsional horizontal movements ( such as continental drift ) and vertical subsidence and uplift of the lithosphere ( strain ) in response to natural stresses on Earth 's surface such as the weight of mountains , lakes , and glaciers . Subsurface conditions also cause subsidence or uplift , known as epeirogeny , over large areas of Earth 's surface without deforming rock strata . Such changes include the thickening of the lithosphere by overthrusting , changes in rock density of the lithosphere caused by metamorphism or thermal expansion and contraction , increases in the volume of the asthenosphere ( part of the upper mantle supporting the lithosphere ) caused by hydration of olivine , and orogenic , or mountain-building , movements .


Question: According to Dr. Overpeck's analysis, the distinctive hallmark of climate change observed in 2016 unveiled an additional intriguing aspect: it highlighted unprecedentedly frigid conditions within the upper atmospheric layer - specifically, the stratosphere experienced all-time low temperatures during this period. This unusual juxtaposition between extreme warmth at lower altitudes and exceptional chilliness above underscores complex interactions within Earth’s climatic system.

2016 Climate Anomalies Highlighted by Stratospheric Temperatures
According to Dr. Jonathan Overpeck, analyzing specific climate indicators offers valuable insights into broader climate changes. He points out that while 2016 witnessed record-breaking warmth across many regions, its impact extended beyond just terrestrial surfaces. Last year’s data revealed unusually low temperatures within the stratosphere—a phenomenon closely tied to overall climate dynamics.
Satellite observations play a crucial role in monitoring atmospheric conditions at different elevations alongside tracking oceanic and terrestrial surface temperatures. By interpreting radiance levels across varied wavelengths emitted by Earth’s environment, scientists gain essential information about meteorological phenomena—ranging from identifying weather systems’ movements to assessing volcanic eruptions' impacts through advanced thermal imagery capabilities provided by spaceborne sensors.
Since late twentieth century advancements led us first measuring microwaves reflected off molecules high above; specifically focusing around nitrogen-oxygen interactions occurring naturally throughout upper air masses known scientifically under moniker “MSU”(Microwave Sounding Unit). Meanwhile longer term records exist regarding IR(IR Spectroscopy) readings taken continuously since early seventies era relating exclusively towards bodies aquatic nature - namely seas & oceans covering roughly seventy percent earths total area!
Collectively gathered intelligence confirms two distinct yet interconnected narratives unfolding concurrently amidst ongoing anthropogenic interference: Firstly we observe significant heating effects concentrated lower down where life predominantly exists whereas secondly cooler realms situated much higher aloft experience opposite trend altogether! Together they paint compelling picture indicative rising GHG(Greenhouse Gas) presence affecting entire biosphere...

The 1961 Atlantic hurricane season featured the highest number of major hurricanes -- Category 3 or higher on the modern-day Saffir -- Simpson hurricane wind scale -- until being tied by 2005 . The season officially began on June 15 , and lasted until November 15 . These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin . It was an above average season in terms of tropical storms , with a total of 11 named storms . The first system , Hurricane Anna , developed in the eastern Caribbean Sea near the Windward Islands on July 20 . It brought minor damage to the islands , as well as wind and flood impacts to Central America after striking Belize as a hurricane . Anna caused one death and about $ 300,000 ( 1961 USD ) in damage . Activity went dormant for nearly a month and a half , until Hurricane Betsy developed on September 2 . Betsy peaked as a Category 4 hurricane , but remained at sea and caused no impact .   One of the most significant storms of the season was Hurricane Carla , which peaked as a Category 5 hurricane , before weakening slightly and striking Texas . Carla caused 43 deaths and approximately $ 325.74 million in damage . Hurricane Debbie was a Category 3 storm that existed in the eastern Atlantic Ocean . Early in its duration , unsettled weather from Debbie in Cape Verde resulted in a plane crash that killed 60 people . Debbie then brushed Ireland as either a Category 1 hurricane or shortly after becoming extratropical . The next storm , Hurricane Esther , threatened to strike New England as a major hurricane , but rapidly weakened and made landfall in Massachusetts as only a tropical storm . Impact was generally minor , with about $ 6 million in damage and seven deaths , all of which from a United States Navy plane crash . An unnamed tropical storm and Hurricane Frances caused minimal impact on land . In mid-October , Tropical Storm Gerda brought flooding to Jamaica and eastern Cuba , resulting in twelve deaths .   Another significant storm was Hurricane Hattie , a late-season Category 5 hurricane that struck Belize . Hattie caused 319 confirmed fatalities and about $ 60.3 million in damage . Destruction was so severe in Belize that the government had to relocate inland to a new city , Belmopan . The remnants of Hattie may have contributed to the development of Tropical Storm Simone in the eastern Pacific Ocean . In early November , the depression that would later strengthen into Hurricane Jenny brought light rainfall to Puerto Rico . The final storm , Tropical Storm Inga , dissipated on November 8 , after causing no impact on land . On September 11 , three hurricanes existed simultaneously -- Betsy , Carla , and Debbie -- the most on a single day in the Atlantic basin since 1893 and until 1998 . Collectively , the storms of the 1961 Atlantic hurricane season caused about $ 391 million in damage and at least 348 fatalities .

The 1960 U-2 incident occurred during the Cold War on 1 May 1960 , during the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower and the premiership of Nikita Khrushchev , when a United States U-2 spy plane was shot down while in Soviet airspace . The aircraft , flown by Central Intelligence Agency pilot Francis Gary Powers , was performing photographic aerial reconnaissance when it was hit by an S-75 Dvina ( SA-2 Guideline ) surface-to-air missile and crashed near Sverdlovsk . Powers parachuted safely and was captured .   Initially the United States government tried to cover up the plane 's purpose and mission , but was forced to admit its military nature when the Soviet government came forward with the captured pilot and remains of the U-2 including spying technology that had survived the crash as well as photos of military bases in the Soviet Union taken by the aircraft . Coming roughly two weeks before the scheduled opening of an east -- west summit in Paris , the incident was a great embarrassment to the United States and prompted a marked deterioration in its relations with the Soviet Union . Powers was convicted of espionage and sentenced to three years of imprisonment plus seven years of hard labor but would be released two years later on 10 February 1962 during a prisoner exchange for Soviet officer Rudolf Abel .

Larry H. Strasburger is an American psychiatrist . He served at the Bridgewater State Hospital and had a contract with McLean Hospital . He also was a vice-president of the AAPL and later became its President .

David Marshall ( born 13 July 1968 ) is Professor of Physical Oceanography at the University of Oxford and head of the sub-department of Atmospheric , Oceanic and Planetary Physics . From 2008 to 2012 he was co-director of the 21st Century Ocean Institute within the Oxford Martin School . He was awarded the 2014 Appleton Medal and Prize by the Institute of Physics for `` fundamental contributions to understanding the fluid dynamics of the global ocean circulation '' .   Marshall studied at Imperial College London and then spent three years as a post-doctoral researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . He returned to the UK to establish the Physical Oceanography Group at the University of Reading , before moving to the University of Oxford in 2007 .

David Lary ( born 7 December 1965 ) is an atmospheric scientist interested in applying computational and information systems to facilitate discovery and decision support in Earth system science . His main contributions have been to highlight the role of carbonaceous aerosols in atmospheric chemistry , heterogeneous bromine reactions , and to employ chemical data assimilation for satellite validation , and the use of machine learning for remote sensing applications . He is author of AutoChem , NASA release software that constitutes an automatic computer code generator and documentor for chemically reactive systems . It was designed primarily for modeling atmospheric chemistry , and in particular , for chemical data assimilation .   AutoChem has won five NASA awards and has been used to perform long term chemical data assimilation of atmospheric chemistry and in the validation of observations from the NASA Aura satellite . It has been used in numerous peer reviewed articles .   David Lary completed his education in the United Kingdom . He received a first class double honors BSc in physics and chemistry from King 's College London ( 1987 ) with the Sambrooke Exhibition Prize in Natural Science , and a PhD in atmospheric chemistry from the University of Cambridge , Department of Chemistry while at Churchill College ( 1991 ) . His thesis described the first chemical scheme for the ECMWF numerical weather prediction model . He then held post-doctoral research assistant and associate positions at the University of Cambridge until receiving a Royal Society research fellowship in 1996 ( also at Cambridge ) . From 1998 to 2000 he held a joint position at Cambridge and the University of Tel-Aviv as a senior lecturer and Alon fellow . In 2001 he joined UMBC/GEST as the first distinguished Goddard fellow in earth science . Between 2001 and 2010 he was part of various branches at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center including the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office , the Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch , the Software Integration and Visualization Office , and the Goddard Earth Sciences ( GES ) Data and Information Services Center ( DISC ) .   In 2010 he moved to the William B. Hanson Center for Space Sciences at the University of Texas at Dallas , where he has focused on the health effects of atmospheric particulates , and developing a fleet of unmanned aerial vehicles for a variety of agricultural , environmental , and meteorological applications .

Derrick Peak is a prominent ice-free peak , 2,070 m high , overlooking the south side of Hatherton Glacier , 3 nautical miles ( 6 km ) west of the north end of Johnstone Ridge . It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Robert O. Derrick of the U.S. Weather Bureau , who served as assistant to the United States Antarctic Research Program Representative at Christchurch from 1960 until his death in 1966 .

The 1901 eastern United States heat wave was the most severe and deadly heat wave in the United States prior to the 1930s dust bowl . Although the heat wave did not set many still-standing daily temperature records , it was exceptionally prolonged -- covering without interruption the second half of June and all of July -- and centred upon more highly populated areas than later American heat waves . The heat wave accompanied a major drought in the Ohio Valley and Upper Midwest , with Illinois having what remains its driest calendar year since records have been kept , and Missouri being only 0.21 in above its driest calendar year of 1953 .

Dew point is the temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated with water vapor . When further cooled , the airborne water vapor will condense to form liquid dew . When air with a high dew point contacts surfaces at colder temperatures , then liquid dew will form on the surfaces as condensation . Dew point is sometimes called frost point when the temperature is below freezing . The measurement of dew point is related to humidity . A higher dew point means there will be more moisture in the air .

In geology , degradation refers to the lowering of a fluvial surface , such as a stream bed or floodplain , through erosional processes . It is the opposite of aggradation . Degradation is characteristic of channel networks in which either bedrock erosion is taking place , or in systems that are sediment-starved and are therefore entraining more material than is being deposited . When a stream degrades , it leaves behind a fluvial terrace . This can be further classified as a strath terrace -- a bedrock terrace that may have a thin mantle of alluvium -- if the river is incising through bedrock . These terraces may often be dated with methods such as cosmogenic radionuclide dating , OSL dating , and paleomagnetic dating ( using reversals in the Earth 's magnetic field to constrain the timing of events ) to find when a river was at a particular level and how quickly it is downcutting .

The Degree Angular Scale Interferometer ( DASI ) was a telescope installed at the U.S. National Science Foundation 's Amundsen -- Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica . It was a 13-element interferometer operating between 26 and 36 GHz ( Ka band ) in ten bands . The instrument is similar in design to the Cosmic Background Imager ( CBI ) and the Very Small Array ( VSA ) .  In 2001 The DASI team announced the most detailed measurements of the temperature , or power spectrum of the Cosmic microwave background ( CMB ) . These results contained the first detection of the 2nd and 3rd acoustic peaks in the CMB , which were important evidence for inflation theory . This announcement was done in conjunction with the BOOMERanG and MAXIMA experiment . In 2002 the team reported the first detection of polarization anisotropies in the CMB .   In 2005 , the vacant DASI mount was used for the QUaD experiment , which was another CMB imager focussed on the E-mode spectrum .  In 2010 , the DASI mount was again repurposed for the Keck Array , which also measures CMB polarization anisotropy .