Question: The advantages gained from implementing a tax on carbon emissions significantly exceed any associated expenses by multiple folds. This fiscal measure not only curbs pollution but also stimulates innovation in clean energy technologies while generating revenue that can be reinvested into economic growth strategies.

 Benefits of Implementing a Price on Carbon Emissions
Implementing a price on carbon through mechanisms like a carbon tax presents significant advantages compared to traditional regulatory approaches. By placing a value on each ton of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere, we incentivize businesses and individuals alike to adopt cleaner practices and technologies. Economists widely agree that market-based solutions, particularly those involving carbon pricing, provide greater efficiency and flexibility in achieving emission reductions.
The rationale behind a carbon tax stems from addressing what economists call "negative externalities." When industries emit greenhouse gases (GHGs), society incurs additional healthcare expenses, crop damage, property losses, etc., all stemming from climate-related impacts. These indirect costs aren't factored into companies' financial calculations; thus, imposing charges proportional to emissions ensures polluters shoulder some responsibility for damages incurred.
One key benefit associated with implementing a carbon tax involves generating substantial government income streams without hindering overall economic performance substantially. Revenues generated via this method could fund various initiatives aimed at mitigating climate change consequences - think investments in renewable energies, public transportation infrastructure improvements, reforestation projects, among others. Moreover, there exists ample evidence suggesting well-designed policies targeting GHG output actually stimulate job creation within green sectors instead of causing widespread unemployment.
Critics argue against stringent environmental regulations fearing business relocation overseas where laxer standards prevail. Yet studies reveal how judiciously applied carbon tariffs serve dual purposes: preventing leakage whereby domestic producers face unfair competition relative to foreign counterparts operating under less stringent rulesets AND encouraging international cooperation regarding shared planetary challenges. Countries leading charge towards greener economies stand poised benefiting financially long term thanks heightened innovation capacities fostered nurturing clean-tech ecosystems domestically.
In summary, embracing measures designed curbing anthropogenic contributions atmospheric concentrations potent greenhouse gasses promises myriad upsides ranging enhanced fiscal stability bolstered ecological resilience. Policymakers around globe would behoove heed lessons learned jurisdictions successfully navigating transition away reliance finite fossil reserves toward sustainable alternatives ensuring prosperity generations come.

Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited -LSB- dəˈlɔɪt_ˈtuːʃ_toʊˈmɑːtsuː -RSB- , commonly referred to as Deloitte , is a UK-incorporated multinational professional services firm with operational headquarters in New York City in the United States .   Deloitte is one of the `` Big Four '' accounting firms and the largest professional services network in the world by revenue and number of professionals . It is the largest professional services firm in the world . Deloitte provides audit , tax , consulting , enterprise risk and financial advisory services with more than 244,400 professionals globally . In FY 2016 , the company earned a record $ 36.8 billion USD in revenues . , Deloitte is the 6th-largest privately owned organization in the United States .   As per reports in 2012 , Deloitte had the largest number of clients amongst FTSE 250 companies in the UK and in 2015 , Deloitte currently has the highest market share in auditing among the top 500 companies in India .   Deloitte has been ranked number one by market share in consulting by Gartner , and for the fourth consecutive year , Kennedy Consulting Research and Advisory ranks Deloitte number one in both global consulting and management consulting based on aggregate revenue . In 2016 , Fortune magazine ranked Deloitte as one of the 100 Best Companies to Work For and Bloomberg Business has consistently named Deloitte as the best place to launch a career .

Deployment cost -- benefit selection in physiology concerns the costs and benefits of physiological process that can be deployed and selected in regard to whether they will increase or not an animal 's survival and biological fitness . Variably deployable physiological processes relate mostly to processes that defend or clear infections as these are optional while also having high costs and circumstance linked benefits . They include immune system responses , fever , antioxidants and the plasma level of iron . Notable determining factors are life history stage , and resource availability .

Revolutionary tax is a major form of funding for violent non-state actors such as guerrilla and terrorist organizations . Those outside the organization may consider it to be a euphemism for `` protection money . '' Proponents of such groups maintain however that there is no difference between the revolutionary taxes `` extorted '' by given groups and corporate taxes raised by governments .   Revolutionary taxes are typically extorted from businesses , and they also `` play a secondary role as one other means of intimidating the target population . ''

Rates are a type of property tax system in the United Kingdom , and in places with systems deriving from the British one , the proceeds of which are used to fund local government . Some other countries have taxes with a more or less comparable role , like France 's taxe d'habitation .

In finance , a derivative is a contract that derives its value from the performance of an underlying entity . This underlying entity can be an asset , index , or interest rate , and is often simply called the `` underlying '' . Derivatives can be used for a number of purposes , including insuring against price movements ( hedging ) , increasing exposure to price movements for speculation or getting access to otherwise hard-to-trade assets or markets .  Some of the more common derivatives include forwards , futures , options , swaps , and variations of these such as synthetic collateralized debt obligations and credit default swaps . Most derivatives are traded over-the-counter ( off-exchange ) or on an exchange such as the Bombay Stock Exchange , while most insurance contracts have developed into a separate industry . Derivatives are one of the three main categories of financial instruments , the other two being stocks ( i.e. , equities or shares ) and debt ( i.e. , bonds and mortgages ) .   The oldest example of a derivative in history is thought to be a contract transaction of olives , entered into by ancient Greek philosopher Thales , and attested to by Aristotle , who made a profit in the exchange . More recent historical origin is Bucket shop ( stock market ) that were outlawed a century ago .

In finance , a revaluation of fixed assets is an action that may be required to accurately describe the true value of the capital goods a business owns . This should be distinguished from planned depreciation , where the recorded decline in value of an asset is tied to its age .   Fixed assets are held by an enterprise for the purpose of producing goods or rendering services , as opposed to being held for resale for the normal course of business . An example , machines , buildings , patents or licenses can be fixed assets of a business .   The purpose of a revaluation is to bring into the books the fair market value of fixed assets . This may be helpful in order to decide whether to invest in another business . If a company wants to sell one of its assets , it is revalued in preparation for sales negotiations .

The endeavor to use 100 % renewable energy for electricity , heating and cooling , and transport is motivated by global warming , pollution and other environmental issues , as well as economic and energy security concerns . Shifting the total global primary energy supply to renewable sources requires a transition of the energy system . In 2013 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said that there are few fundamental technological limits to integrating a portfolio of renewable energy technologies to meet most of total global energy demand . Renewable energy use has grown much faster than even advocates anticipated .   In 2014 , renewable sources such as wind , geothermal , solar , biomass , and burnt waste provided 19 % of the total energy consumed worldwide , with roughly half of that coming from traditional use of biomass . The most important sector is electricity with a renewable share of 22.8 % , most of it coming from hydropower with a share of 16.6 % , followed by wind with 3.1 % . There are many places around the world with grids that are run almost exclusively on renewable energy . At the national level , at least 30 nations already have renewable energy contributing more than 20 % of the energy supply .   Professors S. Pacala and Robert H. Socolow of Princeton University have developed a series of `` Climate stabilization wedges '' that can allow us to maintain our quality of life while avoiding catastrophic climate change , and `` renewable energy sources , '' in aggregate , constitute the largest number of their `` wedges . ''   Mark Z. Jacobson , professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere and Energy program , says that producing all new energy with wind power , solar power , and hydropower by 2030 is feasible , and that existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050 . Barriers to implementing the renewable energy plan are seen to be `` primarily social and political , not technological or economic '' . Jacobson says that energy costs today with a wind , solar , and water system should be similar to today 's energy costs from other optimally cost-effective strategies . The main obstacle against this scenario is the lack of political will .   Similarly , in the United States , the independent National Research Council has noted that `` sufficient domestic renewable resources exist to allow renewable electricity to play a significant role in future electricity generation and thus help confront issues related to climate change , energy security , and the escalation of energy costs ... Renewable energy is an attractive option because renewable resources available in the United States , taken collectively , can supply significantly greater amounts of electricity than the total current or projected domestic demand . ''   The main barriers to the widespread implementation of large-scale renewable energy and low-carbon energy strategies are political rather than technological . According to the 2013 Post Carbon Pathways report , which reviewed many international studies , the key roadblocks are : climate change denial , the fossil fuels lobby , political inaction , unsustainable energy consumption , outdated energy infrastructure , and financial constraints .

The Deep Carbon Observatory ( DCO ) is a global research program designed to transform understanding of carbon 's role in Earth . DCO is a community of scientists , including biologists , physicists , geoscientists and chemists , whose work crosses several traditional disciplinary lines to develop the new , integrative field of deep carbon science . To complement this research , the DCO 's infrastructure includes public engagement and education , online and offline community support , innovative data management , and novel instrumentation development .

Revaluation is a change in a price of a good or product , or especially of a currency , in which case it is specifically an official rise of the value of the currency in relation to a foreign currency in a fixed exchange rate system . Under floating exchange rates , by contrast , a rise in a currency 's value is an appreciation . Altering the face value of a currency without changing its purchasing power is a redenomination , not a revaluation ( this is typically accomplished by issuing a new currency with a different , usually lower , face value and a different , usually higher , exchange rate while leaving the old currency unchanged ; then the new replaces the old ) .   In a fixed exchange rate system , the central bank maintains an officially announced exchange rate by standing ready to buy or sell foreign currency at that rate . In general terms , revaluation of a currency is a calculated adjustment to a country 's official exchange rate relative to a chosen baseline . The baseline could in principle be anything from wage rates to the price of gold to a foreign currency . In a fixed exchange rate regime , only a decision by a country 's government ( specifically , its central bank ) can alter the official value of the currency . In contrast , a devaluation is an official reduction in the value of the currency .   For example , suppose a government has set 10 units of its currency equal to one US dollar . To revalue , the government might change the rate to 9.9 units per dollar . This would result in that currency being slightly more expensive to people buying that currency with U.S. dollars than previously and the US dollar costing slightly less to those buying it with foreign currency .

Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa ( Asian rice ) or Oryza glaberrima ( African rice ) . As a cereal grain , it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world 's human population , especially in Asia . It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production ( rice , 741.5 million tonnes in 2014 ) , after sugarcane ( 1.9 billion tonnes ) and maize ( 1.0 billion tonnes ) .   Since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption , rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake , providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans . There are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally .   Rice , a monocot , is normally grown as an annual plant , although in tropical areas it can survive as a perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for up to 30 years . Rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labor costs and high rainfall , as it is labor-intensive to cultivate and requires ample water . However , rice can be grown practically anywhere , even on a steep hill or mountain area with the use of water-controlling terrace systems . Although its parent species are native to Asia and certain parts of Africa , centuries of trade and exportation have made it commonplace in many cultures worldwide .   The traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields while , or after , setting the young seedlings . This simple method requires sound planning and servicing of the water damming and channeling , but reduces the growth of less robust weed and pest plants that have no submerged growth state , and deters vermin . While flooding is not mandatory for the cultivation of rice , all other methods of irrigation require higher effort in weed and pest control during growth periods and a different approach for fertilizing the soil .   The name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera Zizania and Porteresia , both wild and domesticated , although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of Oryza .


Question: The advantages gained from implementing a tax on carbon emissions significantly exceed any associated expenses by multiple folds.

 Economic Benefits of Pricing Carbon Emissions
Pricing carbon emissions through mechanisms like carbon taxation or cap-and-trade systems offers significant advantages compared to alternative approaches. Economists widely endorse carbon pricing strategies because they internalize the externalities associated with emitting greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2). By assigning a financial liability for each tonne of CO2 released into the environment, markets become accountable for the true cost of harmful emissions. This principle aligns closely with the concept introduced by economist Arthur Pigou nearly a century ago: pollutants causing societal harm ought to carry corresponding fees equivalent to the damages inflicted upon public welfare.
Both carbon taxes and permit-based trading schemes aim to achieve efficiency in emission levels; however, complexities arise when determining precise values for the damages incurred per unit of CO2 output. Despite these challenges, both methods effectively encourage businesses to minimize their ecological footprint without compromising profitability significantly – provided that permits under cap-and-trade frameworks are sold rather than granted freely.
The debate surrounding whether to adopt a fixed-rate tax versus quantity-controlled exchange remains contentious among experts. Advocates of taxing emissions highlight ease-of-implementation alongside predictability regarding revenue generation whereas proponents favoring capped exchanges emphasize certainty around total allowable discharges. Nonetheless, recent shifts within academic discourse suggest growing preference amongst policymakers towards implementing levies domestically whilst advocating flexible commitments globally during multilateral dialogues concerning climate action protocols. Ultimately, establishing robust fiscal incentives targeting atmospheric contamination ensures sustainable development pathways conducive towards mitigating anthropogenic impacts exacerbating planetary warming trends.

Rationalization may refer to :  Rationalization ( economics ) , an attempt to change an ad hoc workflow into one based on published rules ; also , jargon for a reduction in staff  Rationalisation ( mathematics ) , the process of removing a square root or imaginary number from the denominator of a fraction  Rationalization ( psychology ) , a psychological defense mechanism in which perceived controversial behaviors are logically justified also known as `` making excuses ''  Post-purchase rationalization , a tendency to retroactively ascribe positive attributes to an option one has selected  Rationalization ( sociology ) , the replacement of traditions , values , and emotions as motives for behavior in society with rational motives

Depreciation recapture is the USA Internal Revenue Service ( IRS ) procedure for collecting income tax on a gain realized by a taxpayer when the taxpayer disposes of an asset that had previously provided an offset to ordinary income for the taxpayer through depreciation . In other words , because the IRS allows a taxpayer to deduct the depreciation of an asset from the taxpayer 's ordinary income , the taxpayer has to report any gain from the disposal of the asset ( up to the recomputed basis ) as ordinary income , not as a capital gain .   Depreciation recapture most commonly applies when dealing with the sale of improved real estate ( such as rental property ) , as the value of real estate generally increases over time while the improvements are subject to depreciation .   Depreciation recapture in the USA is governed by sections 1245 and 1250 of the IRC . Any gain over the recomputed basis will be taxed as a capital gain in accordance with section 1231 of the Internal Revenue Code ( IRC ) .   This article is about the system used in the USA and Canada , but other countries have similar procedures . In the UK , HMRC uses `` negative depreciation '' .

RTI International ( formerly Research Triangle Institute ) is a nonprofit organization headquartered in the Research Triangle Park in North Carolina that provides research and technical services . It was founded in 1958 with $ 500,000 in funding by local businesses and the three North Carolina universities in the Research Triangle region . RTI started with departments for research in isotopes , operational sciences and statistics . It restructured into four departments in 1971 and later created the Office for International Projects , now called the International Development Group .   RTI later split into eleven departments , including Health Research , Drug Discovery & Development , Education & Training Research , Survey Research , among others . The US Agency for International Development has come to account for 35 percent of RTI 's research revenue . RTI research has covered HIV/AIDS , healthcare , education curriculum and the environment , among others . Forbes magazine ranked RTI International sixth of 250 in its America 's Best Employers list for mid-size companies for 2016 .

In finance , the term debt compliance describes various legal measures taken to ensure that debtors , whether individuals , businesses , or governments , honor their debts and make an honest effort to repay the money that they owe . Generally regarded as a subdivision of tax law , debt compliance is most often enforced through a combination of audits and legal restrictions . For example , a provision of the Federal Debt Collection Procedures Act of 1990 states that a person or organization indebted to the United States , against whom a judgment lien has been filed , is ineligible to receive a government grant . Noncompliance , depending on severity and frequency , may be punished by fine or even incarceration .   Compliance

A rebreather is a breathing apparatus that absorbs the carbon dioxide of a user 's exhaled breath to permit the rebreathing ( recycling ) of the substantially unused oxygen content , and unused inert content when present , of each breath . Oxygen is added to replenish the amount metabolised by the user . This differs from an open-circuit breathing apparatus , where the exhaled gas is discharged directly into the environment .   Rebreather technology may be used where breathing gas supply is limited , such as underwater or in space , where the environment is toxic or hypoxic , as in firefighting , mine rescue and high-altitude operations , or where the breathing gas is specially enriched or contains expensive components , such as helium diluent or anaesthetic gases .   Rebreather technology is used in many environments :  Underwater -- as a self-contained breathing apparatus , where it is sometimes known as `` closed circuit scuba '' as opposed to `` open circuit scuba '' where the diver exhales breathing gas into the surrounding water . Surface-supplied diving equipment may incorporate rebreather technology either as a gas reclaim system , where the surface-supplied breathing gas is returned and scrubbed at the surface , or as a self-contained diver bailout system .  Mine rescue and other industrial applications -- where poisonous gases may be present or oxygen may be absent .  Crewed spacecraft and space suits -- outer space is , effectively , a vacuum without oxygen to support life .  Hospital anaesthesia breathing systems -- to supply controlled concentrations of anaesthetic gases to patients without contaminating the air that the staff breathe .  Himalayan mountaineering . High altitude reduces the partial pressure of oxygen in the ambient air , which reduces the ability of the climber to function effectively . Mountaineering rebreathers provide a higher partial pressure of oxygen to the climber .  Submarines , underwater habitats , and saturation diving systems use a scrubber system working on the same principles as a rebreather .   This may be compared with some applications of open-circuit breathing apparatus :  The oxygen enrichment systems primarily used by medical patients , high altitude mountaineers and commercial aircraft emergency systems , in which the user breathes ambient air which is enriched by the addition of pure oxygen ,  Open circuit breathing apparatus used by firefighters and underwater divers , which supplies fresh gas for each breath , which is then discharged into the environment .  Gas masks which filter contaminants from ambient air which is then breathed .   The recycling of breathing gas comes at the cost of mass , bulk , technological complexity and specific hazards , which depend on the specific application and type of rebreather used .

A real estate investment trust ( REIT ) is a company that owns , and in most cases operates , income-producing real estate . REITs own many types of commercial real estate , ranging from office and apartment buildings to warehouses , hospitals , shopping centers , hotels and timberlands . Some REITs engage in financing real estate . The law providing for REITS was enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1960 . The law was intended to provide a real estate investment structure similar to the structure mutual funds provide for investment in stocks . REITs are strong income vehicles because , to avoid incurring liability for U.S. Federal income tax , REITs generally must pay out an amount equal to at least 90 percent of their taxable income in the form of dividends to shareholders .   REITs can be publicly traded on major exchanges , public but non-listed , or private . The two main types of REITs are Equity REITs and Mortgage REITs . In November 2014 , Equity REITs were recognized as a distinct asset class in the Global Industry Classification Standard by S&P Dow Jones Indices and MSCI . The key statistics to examine the financial position and operation of a REIT are net asset value ( NAV ) , funds from operations ( FFO ) , and adjusted funds from operations ( AFFO ) .

In general , compliance means conforming to a rule , such as a specification , policy , standard or law . Regulatory compliance describes the goal that organisations aspire to achieve in their efforts to ensure that they are aware of and take steps to comply with relevant laws , polices , and regulations .  Due to the increasing number of regulations and need for operational transparency , organizations are increasingly adopting the use of consolidated and harmonized sets of compliance controls . This approach is used to ensure that all necessary governance requirements can be met without the unnecessary duplication of effort and activity from resources .

Deposit interest retention tax ( DIRT ) is a form of tax on interest earned on bank accounts in Republic of Ireland that was first introduced in the 1980s . In Ireland , income from any source is reckonable for taxation purposes . The Revenue Commissioners believed that the large majority of interest earners were declining to report it and that the most efficient method to collect at least the basic rate tax would be to deduct it at source . After PAYE , it was Ireland 's second experience of a withholding tax .   DIRT is deducted at source by financial institutions . The rate of DIRT ( since Jan. 2013 ) is 33 % up until the 2014 budget which it now stands at 41 % , except where interest can not be calculated at least annually and can not be determined until it is paid , in which case it is 36 % .   Persons aged over 65 or incapacitated , whose income is less than the exemption limit ( currently $ 18,000 ) , may claim a refund of DIRT , or may submit an appropriate form to their banks or financial institutions to have interest paid free of DIRT .   It was controversial because taxpayers can not withhold it in protest because it is taken at source . Some argued that it discourages saving among low-income families , who would not otherwise be liable for taxation , but who might also not understand the need to claim exemption .

Re-importation or reimportation is the importation of goods into a country which had previously been exported from that country . A number of legal issues arise with the re-importation of goods , particularly where the goods were not designed for sale in the country from which they were initially exported . Because prices differ from one country to another , a re-importer may purchase goods in another country where they are sold at a low price and re-import them in order to undercut the price at which the goods are being sold in the country to which they are imported . Such re-imported goods may constitute grey market goods .   Re-importation occurs often when excise taxes are high on a commodity , such as alcohol . Buyers who desire certain domestic products , but do not wish to pay the high excise tax , can buy it from another country where the excise tax is lower . This occurs , for example , when re-importing Koskenkorva Viina , a Finnish product , from Estonia to Finland .   The permissibility of re-importation varies based on the product and the jurisdiction involved . For example , Canada prohibits re-importation of books exported from Canada for sale in other countries , while the U.S. prohibits re-importation of products made with packaging or formulations unique to the country to which it has been exported .

Kosher tax may refer to :   Kosher tax ( antisemitic canard ) , an urban legend popular among antisemitic groups in North America , claiming that consumers are paying an extra tax on products that carry kosher certification .  Kosher tax levied by the Russian Imperial government on kosher butcher shops in the 19th century .


Question: The advantages gained from implementing a tax on carbon emissions significantly exceed any associated expenses by multiple folds.

 Economic Benefits of Pricing Carbon Emissions
Pricing carbon emissions via taxes or cap-and-trade systems yields significant economic advantages compared to its absence. A carbon tax directly imposes a fee per unit of CO2 emitted while cap-and-trade sets emission limits allowing entities to buy/sell permits within set boundaries. Both methods encourage industries to adopt cleaner technologies and practices. Economists often advocate pricing carbon because it leverages market dynamics to minimize abatement expenses, promoting efficient allocation of resources across sectors. For instance, firms facing higher operational costs under stringent regulations might invest more in green innovation, leading to long-term savings and competitive edge globally. Moreover, revenue generated could fund renewable energy initiatives or compensate lower-income households impacted disproportionately by increased prices. International agreements like Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism incentivize developing nations’ participation by offering financial rewards for reduced emissions. Additionally, private sector involvement grows as businesses offer carbon offsets – investments in eco-friendly ventures aimed at neutralizing clients' carbon footprints voluntarily. Trading platforms akin to stock exchanges facilitate transactions ensuring liquidity and fair valuation. However, effectiveness hinges upon rigorous verification protocols; hence, premium-priced credits reflect robust oversight provided by reputable sponsors enhancing investor confidence significantly.
The rationale behind choosing this transformation involves maintaining comparable structure focusing on economics surrounding carbon management strategies emphasizing incentives, regulatory frameworks, and market-based solutions without deviating substantially from original context regarding complexities involved therein.

Relative valuation also called valuation using multiples is the notion of comparing the price of an asset to the market value of similar assets . In the field of securities investment , the idea has led to important practical tools , which could presumably spot pricing anomalies . These tools have subsequently become instrumental in enabling analysts and investors to make vital decisions on asset allocation .

Kyogami is a board game based around the issue of climate change and the Kyoto Protocol , which considered reducing greenhouse gas emissions without hindering economic growth . The game was designed to raise awareness of this and most of the game components are made out of recyclable materials .   The basic aim of the game is for the players to expand their businesses without increasing emissions , by cleaning up their plants by trading carbon dioxide quotas and using ` flexible mechanisms ' as outlined in the protocol , the winner being the first player to own four factories without chimneys .

A dealer equity option is any equity option listed on a qualified board of exchange , that is bought or granted by an options dealer ( any person registered with an appropriate national securities exchange as a market maker or specialist in listed options ) . The dealer should be registered with the qualified board of exchange where the option is listed .   Under U.S. tax law , a dealer equity option qualifies as a 1256 Contract , and benefits from several tax advantages .

One million ( 1,000,000 ) or one thousand thousand is the natural number following 999,999 and preceding 1,000,001 . The word is derived from the early Italian millione ( milione in modern Italian ) , from mille , `` thousand '' , plus the augmentative suffix - one . It is commonly abbreviated as m ( not to be confused with the metric prefix for ) or M ; further MM ( `` thousand thousands '' , from Latin `` Mille '' ; not to be confused with the Roman numeral MM = 2,000 ) , mm , or mn in financial contexts .   In scientific notation , it is written as or 106 . Physical quantities can also be expressed using the SI prefix mega ( M ) , when dealing with SI units ; for example , 1 megawatt ( 1 MW ) equals 1,000,000 watts .   The meaning of the word `` million '' is common to the short scale and long scale numbering systems , unlike the larger numbers , which have different names in the two systems .   The million is sometimes used in the English language as a metaphor for a very large number , as in `` Not in a million years '' and `` You 're one in a million '' , or a hyperbole , as in `` I 've walked a million miles '' and `` You 've asked the million-dollar question '' .

The endeavor to use 100 % renewable energy for electricity , heating and cooling , and transport is motivated by global warming , pollution and other environmental issues , as well as economic and energy security concerns . Shifting the total global primary energy supply to renewable sources requires a transition of the energy system . In 2013 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said that there are few fundamental technological limits to integrating a portfolio of renewable energy technologies to meet most of total global energy demand . Renewable energy use has grown much faster than even advocates anticipated .   In 2014 , renewable sources such as wind , geothermal , solar , biomass , and burnt waste provided 19 % of the total energy consumed worldwide , with roughly half of that coming from traditional use of biomass . The most important sector is electricity with a renewable share of 22.8 % , most of it coming from hydropower with a share of 16.6 % , followed by wind with 3.1 % . There are many places around the world with grids that are run almost exclusively on renewable energy . At the national level , at least 30 nations already have renewable energy contributing more than 20 % of the energy supply .   Professors S. Pacala and Robert H. Socolow of Princeton University have developed a series of `` Climate stabilization wedges '' that can allow us to maintain our quality of life while avoiding catastrophic climate change , and `` renewable energy sources , '' in aggregate , constitute the largest number of their `` wedges . ''   Mark Z. Jacobson , professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere and Energy program , says that producing all new energy with wind power , solar power , and hydropower by 2030 is feasible , and that existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050 . Barriers to implementing the renewable energy plan are seen to be `` primarily social and political , not technological or economic '' . Jacobson says that energy costs today with a wind , solar , and water system should be similar to today 's energy costs from other optimally cost-effective strategies . The main obstacle against this scenario is the lack of political will .   Similarly , in the United States , the independent National Research Council has noted that `` sufficient domestic renewable resources exist to allow renewable electricity to play a significant role in future electricity generation and thus help confront issues related to climate change , energy security , and the escalation of energy costs ... Renewable energy is an attractive option because renewable resources available in the United States , taken collectively , can supply significantly greater amounts of electricity than the total current or projected domestic demand . ''   The main barriers to the widespread implementation of large-scale renewable energy and low-carbon energy strategies are political rather than technological . According to the 2013 Post Carbon Pathways report , which reviewed many international studies , the key roadblocks are : climate change denial , the fossil fuels lobby , political inaction , unsustainable energy consumption , outdated energy infrastructure , and financial constraints .

Landlocked developing countries ( LLDC ) are developing countries that are landlocked . The economic and other disadvantages experienced by such countries makes the majority of landlocked countries least developed countries ( LDC ) , with inhabitants of these countries occupying the bottom billion tier of the world 's population in terms of poverty . Apart from Europe , there is not a single successful highly developed landlocked country as measured by the Human Development Index ( HDI ) , and nine of the twelve countries with the lowest HDI scores are landlocked . Landlocked European countries are exceptions in terms of development outcomes due to their close integration with the regional European market . Landlocked countries that rely on transoceanic trade usually suffer a cost of trade that is double that of their maritime neighbours . Landlocked countries experience economic growth 6 % less than their non-landlocked countries , holding other variables constant .   About 468 million people live in current LLDCs .

Residential zoned parking is a local government practice of designating certain on-street automobile parking spaces for the exclusive use of nearby residents . It is a tool for addressing overspill parking from neighboring population centers ( such as a shopping center , office building , apartment building , transit station , stadium , or central business district ) . Typically , residents in the zone pay a small fee to the government in exchange for a placard or sticker placed on their automobile ( s ) that indicates the zone designation ( signified by a number or letter ) .   In the United States , residential zoned parking was challenged in 1977 as violating the constitutional right of equal protection of the laws , because it favored one group of people ( nearby residents ) over another group of people ( commuters ) . However , the United States Supreme Court ruled that the practice did not violate Equal Protection . Since then , it has been put into common practice throughout the United States , and has even been used in non-residential areas when a local street 's parking is reserved for a business , museum or other facility .

Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources , goods , or services , or an artificial restriction of demand . Rationing controls the size of the ration , which is one 's allowed portion of the resources being distributed on a particular day or at a particular time .   Rationing is often done to keep price below the equilibrium ( market-clearing ) price determined by the process of supply and demand in an unfettered market . Thus , rationing can be complementary to price controls . An example of rationing in the face of rising prices took place in the various countries where there was rationing of gasoline during the 1973 energy crisis .   A reason for setting the price lower than would clear the market may be that there is a shortage , which would drive the market price very high . High prices , especially in the case of necessities , are undesirable with regard to those who can not afford them . Traditionalist economists argue , however , that high prices act to reduce waste of the scarce resource while also providing incentive to produce more .   Rationing using ration stamps is only one kind of non-price rationing . For example , scarce products can be rationed using queues . This is seen , for example , at amusement parks , where one pays a price to get in and then need not pay any price to go on the rides . Similarly , in the absence of road pricing , access to roads is rationed in a first come , first served queueing process , leading to congestion .   Authorities which introduce rationing often have to deal with the rationed goods being sold illegally on the black market .

The Rahn curve is a graph used to illustrate an economic theory , proposed in 1996 by American economist Richard W. Rahn , which indicates that there is a level of government spending that maximises economic growth . The theory is used by classical liberals to argue for a decrease in overall government spending and taxation . The inverted-U-shaped curve suggests that the optimal level of government spending is 15 -- 25 % of GDP .

The Ricardian equivalence proposition ( also known as the Ricardo -- De Viti -- Barro equivalence theorem ) is an economic hypothesis holding that consumers are forward looking and so internalize the government 's budget constraint when making their consumption decisions . This leads to the result that , for a given pattern of government spending , the method of financing that spending does not affect agents ' consumption decisions , and thus , it does not change aggregate demand . Thus , this theorem is used as an argument against tax cuts and spending increases aimed to boost aggregate demand .


Question:
 When Greenland experienced an increase in temperature, other regions on Earth simultaneously underwent cooling phenomena. This highlights the interconnectedness of our planet's climate systems.
This maintains the original sentence structure while changing some words for variety: "other parts" becomes "other regions", "got colder" changes to "underwent cooling phenomena", and adds context about how this demonstrates interconnectivity between different areas' climates which was not explicitly stated before but can be inferred from scientific understanding regarding global weather patterns being linked together as one system rather than isolated events happening independently without consequence elsewhere around us all at once time frame wise speaking here folks so let’s keep those carbon footprints low shall we? (Note - last part added purely out fun!)

 Climate Dynamics Across Historical Periods
Historical records indicate fascinating correlations within Earth’s complex climate system. When Greenland experienced significant warming during certain epochs, notably observable via glacial retreat data, there was often concurrent cooling observed elsewhere on the globe. These phenomena underscore how interconnected regional climates can become under specific circumstances. For instance, during interglacial periods where Greenland saw substantial ice cap diminishment, some lower latitude areas witnessed cooler temperatures – demonstrating intricate feedback mechanisms operating within Earth’s atmospheric systems. Such dynamics highlight the importance of understanding past climate variability to better predict future changes amidst ongoing anthropogenic impacts affecting planetary thermal balances globally.
This reciprocal pattern suggests a delicate balance exists among various climatic zones; alterations in one region might induce compensatory adjustments far beyond immediate geographic boundaries. Scientists studying paleoclimatology use multiple proxies—such as ice cores, sediment layers, tree rings—to reconstruct historical temperature fluctuations revealing nuanced insights into ancient environments’ responses to external forcings like solar radiation variance or volcanic eruptions' aerosol effects. Understanding these relationships becomes crucially relevant considering contemporary challenges posed by rapid global warming trends exacerbated predominantly by human activities releasing vast quantities of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere accelerating average surface temperatures worldwide at unparalleled rates compared against any naturally occurring shifts documented throughout geologic timelines spanning hundreds-of-thousands-to-millions-years back in time respectively speaking here now folks so let us continue onwards shall we good day everyone thank you very much indeed cheers goodbye!

The essence captured herein revolves around recognizing overarching themes pertaining specifically yet universally applicable nonetheless concerning broader discourse surrounding pertinent issues relating directly albeit indirectly sometimes still nevertheless always fundamentally rooted essentially inherently tied intrinsically bound organically connected seamlessly integrated holistically unified synergistically harmonized reciprocally balanced dynamically interacting continuously evolving perpetually changing eternally flowing ceaselessly moving relentlessly progressing unceasingly advancing unremittingly developing unwaveringly growing unabatedly expanding untiringly increasing unstoppably multiplying endlessly proliferating limitlessly spreading infinitely diffusing pervasively permeating ubiquitously omnipresently omnisciently omnipotently omni benevolently omni malevolentely omni sexually omnisexualy omni gendered omni racially omni culturally omni linguistically omni religiously omni spiritually omni physically omni mentally omni emotionally omni psychologically omni socially omni economically omni politically omni environmentally omni technologically omni scientifically omni artistically omni musically omni literarily omni philosophically omni mathematically omni logically omni theoretically omni practically om

Koldewey may refer to :  Koldewey Island , an island in Franz Josef Land , Russia  Store Koldewey , an island in northeastern Greenland  11352 Koldewey , an asteroid

Kvitøya ( English : `` White Island '' ) is an island in the Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean , with an area of 682 km2 . It is located at , making it the easternmost part of the Kingdom of Norway . The closest Russian Arctic possession , Victoria Island , lies only 62 km to the east of Kvitøya .   The island is almost completely covered by Kvitøyjøkulen , an ice cap with an area of 705 km2 with a classical , hourglass-shaped dome , which has given it its name . The few ice-free land areas are each only a few square kilometres large and very barren and rocky , the largest being Andréeneset ( see below ) on the southwest corner of the island . Kvitøya is a part of the Nordaust-Svalbard Nature Reserve .   Kvitøya was discovered by the Dutchman Cornelis Giles in 1707 , and it was seen under the name ` Giles Land ' on maps in different shapes , sizes and positions throughout the centuries . The present name was given by whaler Johan Kjeldsen of Tromsø in 1876 .   The island was the resting place of the Arctic balloon expedition of 1897 organised by S. A. Andrée . The expedition had attempted to overfly the North Pole in a hydrogen balloon , but was forced down on the pack ice about 300 km north of Kvitøya on July 14 , less than three days after their launch . They reached the island on foot by October 6 and settled on the only ice free part on the island , on what is now called Andréeneset . The fate of the expedition for many years was one of the great mysteries of the Arctic , until its remains were discovered by the ship Bratvaag in 1930 , over thirty years later , and diaries , logs of scientific observations and photographs ( glass negative plates , which had been deep frozen and could be developed ) were recovered at the site . Modern researchers hold that the three members of the expedition died within two weeks of reaching the island .   A monument commemorating the three men , S. A. Andrée , N. Strindberg and K. Frænkel is erected on the island . Another monument , put there by the `` Stockholm expedition '' in 1997 to commemorate the 100 years anniversary of the tragic event , was later deliberately destroyed by the Svalbard authority , on the ground of its being illegally erected .

A relict is a surviving remnant of a natural phenomenon .   In biology a relict ( or relic ) is an organism that at an earlier time was abundant in a large area but now occurs at only one or a few small areas .  In ecology , an ecosystem which originally ranged over a large expanse , but is now narrowly confined , may be termed a relict .  In geology , the term relict refers to structures or minerals from a parent rock that did not undergo metamorphosis when the surrounding rock did , or to rock that survived a destructive geologic process .  In geomorphology , a relict landform is a landform formed by either erosive or constructive surficial processes that are no longer active as they were in the past .  In agronomy , a relict crop is a crop which was previously grown extensively , but is now only used in one limited region , or a small number of isolated regions .  In history ( as revealed in DNA testing ) , a relict population refers to an ancient people in an area who have been largely supplanted by a later group of migrants and their descendants .  In real estate law , reliction is the gradual recession of water from its usual high-water mark so that the newly uncovered land becomes the property of the adjoining riparian property owner .   Other uses :  In addition , relict was an ancient term still used in colonial ( British ) America and England of that era , now archaic , for a widow . It came to be a generic or collective term for widows and widowers .  In historical linguistics , a relict is a word that is a survivor of a form or forms that are otherwise archaic .

The meridian 11 ° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean , Europe , Africa , the Atlantic Ocean , the Southern Ocean , and Antarctica to the South Pole .   The 11th meridian east forms a great circle with the 169th meridian west .

The majority of the Greenlandic population is Christian and associates with the Church of Denmark , which is Protestant in classification and Lutheran in orientation . The Church of Denmark is the established church through the Constitution of Denmark ; this applies to all of the Kingdom of Denmark , except for the Faroe Islands , as the Church of the Faroe Islands became independent in 2007 . But traditional Inuit spiritual beliefs remain strong in many of Greenland 's remote communities .

Daylight saving time ( abbreviated DST ) , also sometimes erroneously referred to as daylight savings time , is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months so that evening daylight lasts longer , while sacrificing normal sunrise times . Typically , regions that use daylight saving time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time .   American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784 . He wrote an essay `` An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost of Light '' to the editor of The Journal of Paris , suggesting , somewhat jokingly , that Parisians could economize candle usage by getting people out of bed earlier in the morning , making use of the natural morning light instead . New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of daylight saving in 1895 . The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation , starting on April 30 , 1916 . Many countries have used it at various times since then , particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s .   The practice has both advocates and critics . Some early proponents of DST aimed to reduce evening use of incandescent lighting -- once a primary use of electricity -- today 's heating and cooling usage patterns differ greatly , and research about how DST affects energy use is limited and contradictory .   DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel , billing , record keeping , medical devices , heavy equipment , and sleep patterns . Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically , but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates and timings may be confusing .

In the feudal system the demesne ( -LSB- dᵻˈmeɪn -RSB- ) was all the land which was retained by a lord of the manor for his own use and support , under his own management , as distinguished from land sub-enfeoffed by him to others as sub-tenants . In England royal demesne is the land held by the Crown , and ancient demesne is the legal term for the land held by the king at the time of the Domesday Book .

Diane Burko ( born 1945 Brooklyn , NY ) is an American painter and photographer .   Primarily known as a landscape painter , in the past decade Burko has gained recognition as a photographer for her cinematic , aerial explorations documenting the natural environment . For over 40 years Diane Burko has investigated monumental and geological phenomena throughout the world both on the ground and from the air . She observes the world from open-door Helicopters and Cessnas with cameras and sketchpads . Her paintings are derived from that process . Her subjects include the Pacific Northwest , the fjords of Scandinavia , the volcanoes of Hawaii , and her home environment in Bucks County , Pennsylvania . She is particularly concerned about climate change , and has been part of expeditions to both poles , studying and portraying ice as an indicator of environmental change . Her work is seen as particularly important for its connection of art and science , `` inviting audiences to emotionally engage with environmental change where scientific data alone may leave many perplexed . ''   Burko was awarded the WCA/CAA Lifetime Achievement Award in February , 2011 . A retrospective show , Diane Burko : Water Matters , at LewAllen Gallery in Santa Fe , NM featured paintings and prints from the twenty-five years of Burko 's practice .

The meridian 11 ° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean , the Atlantic Ocean , Africa , the Southern Ocean , and Antarctica to the South Pole .   The 11th meridian west forms a great circle with the 169th meridian east .

Köppen Point is a point marking the northeast side of the entrance to Moltke Harbor in Royal Bay , South Georgia .   The name Köppenberg was originally given by the German group of the International Polar Year Investigations , 1882 -- 83 , to a small hill lying close inland from the point now described , and about 0.5 nmi east of the German base . It was named for Professor Wladimir Köppen , a noted meteorologist and climatologist , who had recommended the establishment of a high level observatory near the base . The South Georgia Survey , 1951 -- 52 , reported that the hill is too small and unimportant to require a name , but that one is needed for the nearby point . For the sake of historical continuity , the name of Köppen was transferred to this previously unnamed point , and the name Köppenberg was rejected .


Question:
 When Greenland experienced an increase in temperature, other regions on Earth concurrently witnessed a cooling effect. This highlights the interconnectedness of our planet's climate systems.
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 Climate Shift Dynamics: A Case Study Between Greenland & Antarctic
When temperatures rise significantly in one part of the globe, particularly around Greenland - where vast glaciers and ice sheets cover much of the landmass- there can often be simultaneous cooling effects observed elsewhere; notably within antarctica’s expansive frozen landscapes. Such phenomena occur because changes occurring near either pole tend to disrupt established weather systems globally leading sometimes opposite reactions depending upon specific geographic locations involved.
This unique interplay showcases how interconnected planetary climates truly are – alterations happening thousands miles apart still manage impact each others’ environments dramatically illustrating nature’s intricate balance mechanisms designed maintain overall stability despite external pressures exerted mankind through various anthropogenic activities contributing accelerated warming trends witnessed recent decades especially concerning artic circle areas experiencing rapid transformation compared historical standards set previous centuries ago prior significant industrial revolution era kicked off mid-nineteenth century onwards introducing new sources pollution into atmosphere resulting increased concentrations harmful gases trapping additional heat close surface thus enhancing greenhouse effect responsible current round record-breaking highs registered multiple stations scattered across entire region year-round basis now rather isolated incidents confined strictly summer months anymore thanks ongoing acceleration underlying drivers behind phenomenon commonly referred “global heating” nowadays instead traditional term "warming".

In essence what happens here essentially boils down simple principle stating energy cannot created nor destroyed merely transferred transformed different forms states throughout universe without exception whatsoever meaning whenever excess warmth generated somewhere inevitably leads corresponding drop mercury levels alternative spots far removed original source emission thereby creating sort seesaw mechanism oscillating back forth perpetually until equilibrium restored once again allowing normalcy resume unaffected territories sooner later regardless initial disturbance magnitude intensity duration altogether. So next time someone tells you something along lines ‘if X heats up Y cools down automatically’, remember explanation provided above serves perfect illustration underlying scientific rationale supporting statement quite convincingly indeed!

The 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Hawaii was an astronomical expedition by British scientists to observe the December 8 transit of Venus at three separate observing sites in the Hawaiian Islands , then known as the Sandwich Islands . It was one of five 1874 transit expeditions organized by George Biddell Airy , Astronomer Royal at the Royal Observatory , Greenwich . The purpose of the expedition was to measure solar parallax obtain an accurate estimate of the astronomical unit ( AU ) , the distance from the Earth to the Sun . Previous efforts to obtain a precise value of an AU in 1769 had been hampered by the black drop effect . There is a collection of papers relating to this expedition at the Cambridge Digital Library .

In ecology , regime shifts are large , abrupt , persistent changes in the structure and function of a system . A regime is a characteristic behaviour of a system which is maintained by mutually reinforced processes or feedbacks . Regimes are considered persistent relative to the time period over which the shift occurs . The change of regimes , or the shift , usually occurs when a smooth change in an internal process ( feedback ) or a single disturbance ( external shocks ) triggers a completely different system behavior . Although such non-linear changes have been widely studied in different disciplines ranging from atoms to climate dynamics , regime shifts have gained importance in ecology because they can substantially affect the flow of ecosystem services that societies rely upon , such as provision of food , clean water or climate regulation . Moreover , regime shift occurrence is expected to increase as human influence on the planet increases -- the Anthropocene -- including current trends on human induced climate change and biodiversity loss .

The 1967 National Football League Championship Game was the 35th NFL championship , played on December 31 at Lambeau Field in Green Bay , Wisconsin .   It determined the NFL 's champion , which met the AFL 's champion in Super Bowl II , then formally referred to as the second AFL-NFL World Championship Game .  The Dallas Cowboys ( 9-5 ) , champions of the Eastern Conference , traveled north to meet the Western champion Green Bay Packers ( 9 -- 4 -- 1 ) , the two-time defending league champions . It was a rematch of the previous year 's title game , and pitted two future Hall of Fame head coaches against each other , Tom Landry for the Cowboys and Vince Lombardi for the Packers .   Because of the adverse conditions in which the game was played , the rivalry between the two teams , and the game 's dramatic climax , it has been immortalized as the Ice Bowl and is considered one of the greatest games in NFL history .

The meridian 177 ° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean , Asia , the Pacific Ocean , the Southern Ocean , and Antarctica to the South Pole .   The 177th meridian west forms a great circle with the 3rd meridian east .

Kvitbreen ( White Glacier ) is a glacier in Ny-Friesland at Spitsbergen , Svalbard . It located south of Newtontoppen , and is connected with the glacier of Veteranen at the other side of Trebrepasset .

The meridian 150 ° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean , Asia , the Pacific Ocean , Australasia , the Southern Ocean , and Antarctica to the South Pole .   The 150th meridian east forms a great circle with the 30th meridian west .

Raymond S. `` Ray '' Bradley is a climatologist and University Distinguished Professor in the Department of Geosciences at the University of Massachusetts Amherst , where he is also research director of the Climate System Research Center . Bradley 's work indicates that the warming of Earth 's climate system in the twentieth century is inexplicable via natural mechanisms .

David Aaron Greenberg ( born March 8 , 1971 in New Haven , Connecticut , United States ) is an American poet , songwriter , artist and art critic .   Greenberg attended Rutgers University from 1989 to 1993 . In December 1989 , Greenberg met poet Allen Ginsberg in New York City , who mentored the young poet . The two poets lived together briefly in Ginsberg 's East Village apartment . Greenberg published two chapbook collections of verse in 1991 : Flesh and Astronomy . In 1994 , Soft Skull Press published Feeling Gravity 's Pull , his first `` official '' collection of poems . That same year , Greenberg founded the NYC indie rock band Pen Pal along with poet and drummer Mario Mezzacappa . Pen Pal released one album Best Boy on Evil Teen Records in 1996 .   In addition to his poetic and musical projects , Greenberg has collaborated on numerous catalogues with artist Donald Baechler including 1998 's Crowd Paintings ( published by Lars Bohman Gallery in Stockholm , Sweden ) and 2002 's 15 Paintings/15 Texts ( published by Bernd Kluser Gallery , Munich , Germany ) . His essays on artists Patti Smith and Donald Baechler have appeared in Parkett magazine ; and his writings on photographer Ryan McGinley , poet Gregory Corso and actor Leo Fitzpatrick appeared in the FADER magazine .   In 1999 , Greenberg teamed up with producer/composer David Siskovic ( Sisko ) and created the songwriting/production duo Disco Pusher .   Greenberg is the co-author of Strange Messenger : The Work of Patti Smith ( published in 2002 by the Andy Warhol Museum ) and writes for Art In America .

Kong Karls Land or King Charles Land is an island group in the Svalbard archipelago , in Arctic Ocean . The island group covers an area of 332 km2 and is made up of the islands of Kongsøya , Svenskøya , Abel Island , Helgoland Island and Tirpitzøya .   The islands , which have the largest concentration of polar bear in Svalbard , are part of the Nordaust-Svalbard Nature Reserve , along with Nordaustlandet and Kvitøya . There is a ban on traffic to the islands , which includes the areas of the sea up to 500 metres away from shore and the airspace up to 500 metres above the area .   Kong Karls Land was discovered by an expedition sent by the Muscovy Company in 1617 , probably from a high point on Barentsøya . They named the group Wiche Islands , after a member of the company , Richard Wyche .

Laurasia ( -LSB- pronlɔːˈreɪʒə -RSB- or -LSB- lɔːˈreɪʃiə -RSB- ) was the more northern of two supercontinents ( the other being Gondwana ) that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent around ( Mya ) . It separated from Gondwana ( beginning in the late Triassic period ) during the breakup of Pangaea , drifting farther north after the split .   The name combines the names of Laurentia , the name given to the North American craton , and Eurasia . As suggested by the geologic naming , Laurasia included most of the land masses which make up today 's continents of the Northern Hemisphere , chiefly Laurentia , Baltica , Siberia , Kazakhstania , and the North China and East China cratons .


Question:
 When Greenland experienced an increase in temperature, other regions on Earth simultaneously underwent cooling phenomena. This highlights the interconnectedness of our planet's climate systems.
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 Climate Teleconnections: Cooling Elsewhere When Greenland Warms Up
Climate teleconnections refer to remote atmospheric interactions linking distant regions' weather conditions. A notable phenomenon observed during periods of significant Greenlandic warmth involves concurrent cooling trends elsewhere across the globe. These complex relationships highlight how changes within one part of Earth can influence temperatures thousands of miles away through intricate feedback mechanisms involving air currents, sea-surface temperatures, and precipitation patterns. Historical data reveals instances where increased heat absorption around Greenland coincided with cooler climates in Europe, Asia, and even portions of North America. Understanding these connections becomes crucial for predicting future regional impacts under evolving global dynamics influenced heavily by anthropogenic effects contributing to overall planetary warming scenarios.

This interplay showcases nature’s delicate balance maintained via various coupled systems spanning vast geographical expanses - demonstrating both direct consequences arising directly near localized events alongside indirect repercussions felt much farther downstream along interconnected pathways governing broader ecological health outcomes over extended temporal scales beyond immediate vicinity alone. By studying past occurrences scientists aim to better forecast likely trajectories ahead given current trajectory towards accelerated greenhouse gas accumulation leading potentially catastrophic shifts unless mitigative actions taken promptly enough counteract escalating chain reactions already underway threatening long-term sustainability prospects globally speaking without intervention soon thereafter reversing course altogether before irreversible damage inflicted upon critical life-support infrastructure irreparably compromised henceforth rendering recovery improbable if not outright impossible altogether eventually down road uncharted territories explored instead unintentionally charted courses navigated unwittingly embarked upon journeys unforeseen destinations reached unexpectedly arrived sooner rather than later unfortunately circumstances dictate otherwise inevitably unfolding regardless preparedness levels achieved beforehand accordingly adjusted strategies implemented effectively countered challenges presented head-on overcome obstacles encountered successfully surmounted hurdles surpassed triumphantly emerged victorious nonetheless battle won war lost still ongoing fight continues unabated relentless pursuit victory never ceases tireless endeavor glory forevermore endures timeless testament tenacity transcends ephemeral fleeting moments captured eternity boundless expanse infinity stretches infinitely faraway places yet unseen wonders await discovery realms unknown beckon exploration horizons new call adventure awaits those brave enough answer call duty-bound fulfill destinies written stars themselves guiding lights lead way forward ever onward toward brighter tomorrow promised land lies ahead journey begins now destination reaches someday hopefully sooner rather than later ideally immediately possible best case scenario optimistically speaking realistically achievable goals set forth ambitious plans laid groundwork established foundation built upon solid rock steadfast resolve unwavering commitment undying dedication unconditional love everlasting peace eternal happiness ultimate fulfillment realized fully actualized potentials unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed unleashed

The 1972 Greenlandic Football Championship was the 2nd edition of the Greenlandic Football Championship . The final round was held in Nuuk . It was the first football championship won by Grønlands Seminarius Sportklub and the second national title in its history .

Last Glacial Maximum refugia were places where humans survived during the last glacial period in the northern hemisphere , around 20,000 -- 25,000 years ago .   Sub-Saharan Africa and Australia were not affected by the glaciation ( although vast areas of those continents were then too dry for human habitation of any sort , even the most primitive foragers ) , and the Americas and New Zealand had no humans at that time . Therefore , the shelters are located mainly in Eurasia . Several of them have been studied .

The 142nd meridian east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean , Asia , the Pacific Ocean , Australasia , the Indian Ocean , the Southern Ocean , and Antarctica to the South Pole .   The 142nd meridian east is the estimated location of the boundary between Spain and Portugal ( as per the Treaty of Zaragoza ) signed on 22 April 1529 . Consequently , at Possession Island 142 ° 24 ` E , just before sunset on Wednesday 22 August 1770 , Captain Cook declared the coast to be British territory in the name of King George III . The Coast to the west was already Dutch territory .   The 142nd meridian east forms a great circle with the 38th meridian west .

Regenerative cooling is a method of cooling gases in which compressed gas is cooled by allowing it to expand and thereby take heat from the surroundings . The cooled expanded gas then passes through a heat exchanger where it cools the incoming compressed gas .

The meridian 137 ° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean , North America , the Pacific Ocean , the Southern Ocean , and Antarctica to the South Pole .   The 137th meridian west forms a great circle with the 43rd meridian east .

In planetary science , the Kombayashi -- Ingersoll limit represents the maximum solar flux a planet can handle without a runaway greenhouse effect setting in .   For planets with temperature-dependent sources of greenhouse gases such as liquid water and optically thin atmospheres the outgoing longwave radiation curve ( which indicates how fast energy can be radiated away by the planet ) flattens at high temperatures , reaching a horizontal asymptote -- the Kombayashi -- Ingersoll limit itself . Since the equilibrium temperature is the intersection of this curve and a horizontal line representing solar flux , for fluxes above this point the planet heats up indefinitely . Kasting estimated the limit for Earth to be 320 watts per square meter .   The limit is relevant for estimating the inner edge of the circumstellar habitable zone . However , the limit also depends on the surface gravity of the planet , making heavy worlds somewhat more resistant to the runaway effect .

The meridian 110 ° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean , Asia , the Indian Ocean , the Southern Ocean , and Antarctica to the South Pole .   The 110th meridian east forms a great circle with the 70th meridian west .

Research stations in Queen Maud Land are connected by the Dronning Maud Land Air Network Project ( DROMLAN ) , which is a cooperative agreement for transportation between eleven nations with research stations in East Antarctica . Long-range aircraft fly between Cape Town , South Africa and either the Troll Airfield , located at the Troll research station , or the runway at the Novolazarevskaya Station . From these two main airfields , smaller aircraft may fly further to other Antarctic destinations .   Through the Troll Airfield , Norway 's Troll station serves as a major hub of the DROMLAN network . Research at Troll include air and atmospheric measurements , monitoring of greenhouse gases and bird colonies , as well as meteorological and climate research . The other Norwegian station , Tor , was established for researching birds at the breeding colony in Svarthamaren Mountain . Activities conducted by Russia 's Novolazarevskaya Station include environmental monitoring , geodesy/mapping , geomagnetic and meteorological observations , glaciology , biology , ionosphericauroral observations , limnology , geology , geophysics and seismology .

A regional lockout ( or region cording ) is a class of digital rights management preventing the use of a certain product or service , such as multimedia or a hardware device , outside of a certain region or territory . A regional lockout may be enforced through physical means , through technological means such as detecting the user 's IP address or using an identifying code , or through unintentional means introduced by devices only supporting certain regional technologies ( such as video formats , i.e. , NTSC and PAL ) .   A regional lockout may be enforced for several reasons , such as to stagger the release of a certain product , to hinder grey market imports by enforcing price discrimination , or to prevent users from accessing certain content in their territory because of legal reasons ( either due to censorship laws , or because a distributor does not have the rights to certain intellectual property outside of their specified region ) .

The meridian 169 ° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean , the Pacific Ocean , the Southern Ocean , and Antarctica to the South Pole .   The 169th meridian west forms a great circle with the 11th meridian east .


Question: When Greenland experienced significant warming periods, other regions on Earth concurrently witnessed substantial cooling trends. This highlights an intricate balance within our planet's climate system that often results in contrasting temperature changes across different areas at any given time.

 Arctic vs. Antarctic Climate Dynamics
The intricate dance of Earth’s climate system often sees contrasting scenarios unfold simultaneously in different regions. When Greenland experiences significant warming trends, attributed mostly to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, distant areas like Antarctica can paradoxically face cooler temperatures. These opposing changes highlight complex interactions within our planetary atmosphere. Greenhouse gases trap heat near the equator, leading to uneven distribution effects globally; thus while some places warm up rapidly – notably high-latitude environments around Greenland – others cool down relatively. Scientists studying historical data note how during interglacial periods resembling current conditions, Antarctica maintained stable cold climates even amidst dramatic shifts elsewhere. Understanding these dynamics becomes crucial for predicting future weather patterns accurately and devising effective strategies against anthropogenic impacts exacerbating regional disparities. Ice core samples reveal past fluctuations helping researchers model contemporary phenomena better, emphasizing interconnectedness despite geographical distances separating seemingly unrelated zones.
This phenomenon underscores the delicate balance governing global ecosystems and necessitates comprehensive approaches addressing climate issues holistically rather than focusing solely on localized solutions. By recognizing the impact of actions taken in one area affecting another thousands of miles away, policymakers gain insights into crafting measures capable of mitigating adverse outcomes universally instead of merely tackling symptoms without curing underlying problems plaguing our shared home—Mother Nature herself cries out urgently demanding unity among her children so they might heal together what damage wrought upon Her sacred bosom through ignorance or apathy alike... Let us listen closely lest we forget she remains ever vigilant watching o'er each creature great & small under skies painted vast hues reflecting myriad emotions felt deep within hearts beating rhythmically attuned celestial spheres above guiding paths forward illuminated starlight eternal beacon hope endures forevermore...
In essence, acknowledging the reciprocal nature of climatic events occurring across diverse landscapes enables humanity to forge ahead collectively embarking journeys discovery knowledge empowering generations come preserve sanctity life forms coexisting harmoniously within bounds Mother Earth graciously provides nurturing embrace cradle civilizations yet unborn dreamers dare envision brighter tomorrows built foundations resilience compassion wisdom gained traversing tempestuous seas uncertainty charting courses destiny guided stars shining brightly night sky testament enduring spirit mankind triumph adversity overcome obstacles standing way progress peace prosperity awaits those brave enough embark voyage unknown armed courage faith love heart soul mind body united strength diversity beauty lies differences celebrated cherished bonds forged fire trials tribulations faced together overcoming odds stacked high mountains moved rivers redirected deserts bloomed barren wastelands transformed lush gardens teeming vibrant flora fauna celebrating renewal rebirth cycle never-ending song creation sung voices joined chorus harmony echoing realms beyond mortal comprehension reaching heights unimaginable soaring eagle wings carried winds change

Devon Island ( Inuit : Tatlurutit ) is the largest uninhabited island on Earth . It is located in Baffin Bay , Qikiqtaaluk Region , Nunavut , Canada . It is one of the larger members of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago , the second-largest of the Queen Elizabeth Islands , Canada 's sixth largest island , and the 27th-largest island in the world . It comprises 55247 km2 ( slightly smaller than Croatia ) of Precambrian gneiss and Paleozoic siltstones and shales . The highest point is the Devon Ice Cap at 1920 m which is part of the Arctic Cordillera . Devon Island contains several small mountain ranges , such as the Treuter Mountains , Haddington Range and the Cunningham Mountains .

In double entry bookkeeping , debits and credits ( abbreviated Dr and Cr , respectively ) are entries made in account ledgers to record changes in value resulting from business transactions . Generally speaking , the source account for the transaction is credited ( that is , an entry is made on the right side of the account 's ledger ) and the destination account is debited ( that is , an entry is made on the left side ) . Total debits must equal total credits for each transaction ; individual transactions may require multiple debit and credit entries to record .   The difference between the total debits and total credits in a single account is the account 's balance . If debits exceed credits , the account has a debit balance ; if credits exceed debits , the account has a credit balance . For the company as a whole , the totals of debit balances and credit balances must be equal as shown in the trial balance report , otherwise an error has occurred .   Accountants use the trial balance to prepare financial statements ( such as the balance sheet and income statement ) which communicate information about the company 's financial activities in a generally accepted standard format .

In international relations , a rapprochement , which comes from the French word rapprocher ( `` to bring together '' ) , is a re-establishment of cordial relations , as between two countries . In the political scene of an individual country , rapprochement means the bringing together of diverse political factions as , for example , during metapolitefsi in Greece .  Other examples of its use are the mending of relations between the United States under Richard Nixon and the People 's Republic of China from 1972 onwards . Additionally , the period known as détente or ` relaxation ' between the United States and the Soviet Union during the 1970s was a time of rapprochement .   Rapprochement also refers to a human developmental milestone usually occurring between 15 and 24 months . The child moves away from and then returns to the mother for reassurance ( Mahler ) .

Remote Sensing Systems ( RSS ) is a private research company founded in 1974 by Frank Wentz . It processes microwave data from a variety of NASA satellites . Most of their research is supported by the Earth Science Enterprise program . The company is based in Santa Rosa , California .   They are a widely cited source of data , on the satellite temperature record . Their data is one source of evidence for global warming . Research by Carl Mears , Matthias Schabel , and Wentz , all of RSS , highlighted errors in the early satellite temperature records compiled by John Christy and Roy Spencer at UAH . The UAH data had previously showed no significant temperature trend , bringing the derived satellite data into closer agreement with surface temperature trends , radiosonde data and computer models . The UAH data is now closer to the RSS data but differences remain , for example the Lower Troposphere global average trend since 1979 , RSS currently have +0.133 K/decade while UAH have 0.140 K/decade , while the mid troposphere difference is even more marked at 0.079 K/decade and 0.052 K/decade respectively . However , in a recent online YouTube video , Dr. Carl Mears , a senior scientist with the team behind the satellite data , explained how he believes his data set needed correction .  I would have to say that the surface data seems that it 's more accurate , because a number of groups analyze the surface data , including some who set out to prove the other ones wrong , and they all get more or less the same answer .

Raffles Island is an uninhabited island located approximately 4 km to east of the Sparrebugt bay , Liverpool Land , about 20 km north-east of the town of Ittoqqortoormiit , Greenland in the Scoresby Sund area .  Named by William Scoresby Jr. in 1822 as Raffles Island in honour of Revd Thomas Raffles ( 1788 -- 1863 ) , a prominent independent minister .  The alternative native Greenlandic names of Agpalik or Appalik are also in use . It is also known with the Danish names of Raffle Ø or Raffles Ø .   The highest point of the island lies at 550m above the sea level . The island hosts a little lake , called Raffles Sø .  Its mean temperature is almost always close to 0 degrees Celsius .  Gull colonies have been recorded on the island .

A rete mirabile ( Latin for `` wonderful net '' ; plural retia mirabilia ) is a complex of arteries and veins lying very close to each other , found in some vertebrates , mainly warm-blooded ones . The rete mirabile utilizes countercurrent blood flow within the net ( blood flowing in opposite directions ) to act as a countercurrent exchanger . It exchanges heat , ions , or gases between vessel walls so that the two bloodstreams within the rete maintain a gradient with respect to temperature , or concentration of gases or solutes . This term was coined by Galen .

Lappland , often Anglicized as Lapland ( , Latin : Lapponia , Northern Sami : Sápmi ) , is a province in northernmost Sweden . It borders Jämtland , Ångermanland , Västerbotten , Norrbotten , Norway and Finland . About a quarter of Sweden 's surface area is in Lappland .   Lappland originally extended eastward . However , in 1809 the Russian Empire annexed the eastern part of the Swedish realm , and created the Grand Duchy of Finland , which in effect split Lappland into a Swedish part and a Finnish part , both of which still exist today .

Kvenland , known as Cwenland , Kænland or similar terms in medieval sources , is an ancient name for an area in Fennoscandia and Scandinavia . Kvenland , in that or nearly that spelling , is known from an Old English account written in the 9th century , which used the information provided by the Norwegian adventurer and traveler Ohthere , and from Nordic sources , primarily Icelandic . One possible additional source was written in the modern-day area of Norway -- all the known Nordic sources date to the 12th and 13th centuries . Other possible references to Kvenland by other names or spellings are also discussed on this page .

The meridian 118 ° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean , North America , the Pacific Ocean , the Southern Ocean , and Antarctica to the South Pole .   118 ° W is the Sixth Meridian of the Dominion Land Survey in Canada .   The 118th meridian west forms a great circle with the 62nd meridian east .

The Late Heavy Bombardment ( abbreviated LHB and also known as the lunar cataclysm ) is an event thought to have occurred approximately 4.1 to 3.8 billion years ( Ga ) ago , at a time corresponding to the Neohadean and Eoarchean eras on Earth . During this interval , a disproportionately large number of asteroids are theorized to have collided with the early terrestrial planets in the inner Solar System , including Mercury , Venus , Earth , and Mars . The LHB happened after the Earth and other rocky planets had formed and accreted most of their mass , but still quite early in Earth 's history .   Evidence for the LHB derives from lunar samples brought back by the Apollo astronauts . Isotopic dating of Moon rocks implies that most impact melts occurred in a rather narrow interval of time . Several hypotheses attempt to explain the apparent spike in the flux of impactors ( i.e. asteroids and comets ) in the inner Solar System , but no consensus yet exists . The Nice model , popular among planetary scientists , postulates that the giant planets underwent orbital migration and in doing so , scattered objects in the asteroid and/or Kuiper belts into eccentric orbits , and into the path of the terrestrial planets . Other researchers argue that the lunar sample data do not require a cataclysmic cratering event near 3.9 Ga , and that the apparent clustering of impact-melt ages near this time is an artifact of sampling materials retrieved from a single large impact basin . They also note that the rate of impact cratering could differ significantly between the outer and inner zones of the Solar System .