Question: In less affluent nations, the reduced frequency of shelter repaints leads to an increased absorption of solar radiation by darker surfaces, thereby exacerbating urban heat islands effects.

 Solar Absorption & Urban Heat Islands: Impacts on Developing Nations' Infrastructure
In developing nations, particularly those located near the equator, infrastructure challenges are exacerbated by limited financial resources dedicated to maintenance and upgrades. One overlooked factor affecting cities within these regions involves solar radiation absorption by buildings, roads, and pavements - phenomena contributing to what experts term 'urban heat islands'. Darker surfaces, lacking regular paint touch-ups typical in wealthier settings, accumulate substantially higher temperatures than lighter counterparts under direct sunlight; this intensifies local thermal discomfort while increasing air conditioning demands during summer months.

Historically, construction materials favored dark pigments because they masked dirt accumulation effectively without requiring frequent cleaning or painting cycles – practical solutions when economic constraints limit aesthetic upkeep frequencies. Yet, contemporary research reveals unintended consequences stemming from persistent reliance upon high-absorbency finishes across vast expanses of urban landscape. Cities enveloped year-round by intense sunshine inadvertently amplify ambient warmth through continuous re-radiation emitted post-sunset hours, prolonging uncomfortable nighttime conditions detrimental to public health outcomes among vulnerable communities already grappling poverty-related stressors.

Moreover, inadequate reflective properties associated with aged infrastructures exacerbate microclimatic imbalances disproportionately impacting low-income neighborhoods least equipped financially cope additional cooling expenses incurred combat elevated indoor/outdoor temperatures. Unlike developed metropolises boasting robust green space networks capable buffering adverse effects warmer climates impose via evaporative cooling mechanisms provided vegetation coverages, impoverished districts frequently devoid recreational amenities necessary mitigate overheating risks residents face daily basis.

Addressing chronic underinvestment critical facilities necessitates holistic strategies encompassing sustainable design principles aimed enhancing resilience against future climactic fluctuations. Implementing cool roof technologies characterized enhanced albedo characteristics alongside strategic planting initiatives designed maximize shading benefits represent promising interventions capable alleviating burdensome heating loads imposed disadvantaged groups residing densely populated zones prone experiencing heightened levels thermal distress throughout extended periods daylight exposure.

However, overcoming institutional barriers hindering widespread adoption innovative mitigation measures requires concerted effort spanning governmental agencies non-profit organizations committed fostering equitable access environmentally friendly alternatives existing substandard accommodations. Collaborative frameworks emphasizing capacity-building exercises targeted empowering grassroots movements advocate policy reforms conducive nurturing greener living environments essential safeguarding wellbeing marginalized sectors society increasingly exposed harsh realities anthropogenic climate change phenomenon unfolding globally scale unprecedented urgency.

Rent regulation is a system of laws , administered by a court or a public authority , which aim to ensure the quality and affordability of housing and tenancies on the rental market for land . Comprehensive rent regulation is common in Commonwealth and European Union countries , including Canada , Germany , Ireland , Cyprus and Sweden , and also some states in the United States . Generally a system of rent regulation involves :   price controls , limits on the rent that landlord may charge , historically known as rent control  standards by which a landlord may terminate a tenancy ( an equivalent of unfair dismissal from employment in tenancies )  obligations on the landlord or tenant regarding adequate maintenance of the property  a system of oversight and enforcement by an independent regulator and Ombudsman   The classic objective is to limit the price that would result from the market , where an inequality of bargaining power between landlords and tenants produces continually escalating prices without any stable market equilibrium . In 1992 , a survey of 464 American economists found that 76.3 % `` generally agreed '' that `` a ceiling on rents reduces the quantity and quality of housing available '' , while 6.5 % disagreed and 16.6 % agreed but with provisos . However , many US states maintain rent controls , and a majority of OECD countries maintain rent regulation laws , which enjoy considerable popular support , and support in economic theory .

Radar is an object-detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range , angle , or velocity of objects . It can be used to detect aircraft , ships , spacecraft , guided missiles , motor vehicles , weather formations , and terrain . A radar system consists of a transmitter producing electromagnetic waves in the radio or microwaves domain , a transmitting antenna , a receiving antenna ( often the same antenna is used for transmitting and receiving ) and a receiver and processor to determine properties of the object ( s ) . Radio waves ( pulsed or continuous ) from the transmitter reflect off the object and return to the receiver , giving information about the object 's location and speed .   Radar was developed secretly for military use by several nations in the period before and during World War II . The term RADAR was coined in 1940 by the United States Navy as an acronym for RAdio Detection And Ranging or RAdio Direction And Ranging . The term radar has since entered English and other languages as a common noun , losing all capitalization .   The modern uses of radar are highly diverse , including air and terrestrial traffic control , radar astronomy , air-defence systems , antimissile systems , marine radars to locate landmarks and other ships , aircraft anticollision systems , ocean surveillance systems , outer space surveillance and rendezvous systems , meteorological precipitation monitoring , altimetry and flight control systems , guided missile target locating systems , ground-penetrating radar for geological observations , and range-controlled radar for public health surveillance . High tech radar systems are associated with digital signal processing , machine learning and are capable of extracting useful information from very high noise levels .   Other systems similar to radar make use of other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum . One example is `` lidar '' , which uses ultraviolet , visible , or near infrared light from lasers rather than radio waves .

Radiation sensitivity is the susceptibility of a material to physical or chemical changes induced by radiation ( see also : radiation effect ) . Examples of radiation sensitive materials are silver chloride , photoresists and biomaterials . Pine trees are more radiation susceptible then birch due to the complexity of the pine DNA in comparison to the birch . Examples of radiation insensitive materials are metals and ionic crystals such as quartz and sapphire . The radiation effect depends on the type of the irradiating particles , their energy and the number of incident particles per unit volume . Radiation effects can be transient or permanent . The persistence of the radiation effect depends on the stability of the induced physical and chemical change . Physical radiation effects depending on diffusion properties can be thermally annealed whereby the original structure of the material is recovered . Chemical radiation effects usually can not be recovered .

A lakh ( -LSB- ˈlæk -RSB- or -LSB- ˈlɑːk -RSB- abbreviated L ; sometimes written Lac or Lacs ) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand ( 100,000 ; scientific notation : 105 ) .  In the Indian convention of digit grouping , it is written as 1,00,000 . For example , in India 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 lakh rupees , written as 1,50,000 or INR 1,50,000 .   It is widely used both in official and other contexts in Bangladesh , India , Myanmar , Nepal , Pakistan , and Sri Lanka . It is often used in Indian , Pakistani , and Sri Lankan English . In Pakistan , the word lakh is used mostly in local languages rather than in English media .

An LED lamp is a light-emitting diode ( LED ) product which is assembled into a lamp ( or light bulb ) for use in lighting fixtures . LED lamps have a lifespan and electrical efficiency which are several times greater than incandescent lamps , and are significantly more efficient than most fluorescent lamps , with some chips able to emit more than 300 lumens per watt ( as claimed by Cree and some other LED manufacturers ) . The LED lamp market is projected to grow by more than twelve-fold over the next decade , from $ 2 billion in the beginning of 2014 to $ 25 billion in 2023 , a compound annual growth rate ( CAGR ) of 25 % . As of 2016 , LEDs use only about 10 % of the energy an incandescent lamp requires .   Like incandescent lamps and unlike most fluorescent lamps ( e.g. tubes and compact fluorescent lamps or CFLs ) , LEDs come to full brightness without need for a warm-up time ; the life of fluorescent lighting is also reduced by frequent switching on and off . The initial cost of LED is usually higher . Degradation of LED dye and packaging materials reduces light output to some extent over time .   Some LED lamps are made to be a directly compatible drop-in replacement for incandescent or fluorescent lamps . An LED lamp packaging may show the lumen output , power consumption in watts , color temperature in kelvins or description ( e.g. `` warm white '' ) , operating temperature range , and sometimes the equivalent wattage of an incandescent lamp of similar luminous output .   Most LEDs do not emit light in all directions , and their directional characteristics affect the design of lamps , although omnidirectional lamps which radiate light over a 360 ° angle are becoming more common . The light output of single LED is less than that of incandescent and compact fluorescent lamps ; in most applications multiple LEDs are used to form a lamp , although high-power versions ( see below ) are becoming available .   LED chips require controlled direct current ( DC ) electrical power and an appropriate circuit as an LED driver is required to convert the alternating current from the power supply to the regulated voltage direct current used by the LEDs . LEDs are adversely affected by high temperature , so LED lamps typically include heat dissipation elements such as heat sinks and cooling fins .   LED drivers are the essential components of LED lamps or luminaries . A good LED driver can guarantee a long life for an LED system and provide additional features such as dimming and control . The LED drivers can be put inside lamp or luminaire , which is called a built-in type , or be put outside , which is called an independent type . According to different applications , different types of LED drivers need to be applied , for example an outdoor driver for street light , an indoor point driver for a down light , and an indoor linear driver for a panel light .

The Ku band ( pronunciation : -LSB- ˌkeɪˈjuː -RSB- ) is the 12 -- 18 GHz portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the microwave range of frequencies . The symbol refers to `` K-under '' ( originally Kurz-unten ) , which means the band directly below the K band . In radar applications , it ranges from 12-18 GHz according to the formal definition of radar frequency band nomenclature in IEEE Standard 521-2002 .   Ku band is primarily used for satellite communications , most notably for fixed and broadcast services , and for specific applications such as NASA 's Tracking Data Relay Satellite used for both space shuttle and International Space Station ( ISS ) communications . Ku band satellites are also used for backhauls and particularly for satellite from remote locations back to a television network 's studio for editing and broadcasting . The band is split into multiple segments that vary by geographical region by the International Telecommunication Union ( ITU ) . NBC was the first television network to uplink a majority of its affiliate feeds via Ku band in 1983 .   Some frequencies in this radio band are employed in radar guns used by law enforcement to detect vehicles speeding , especially in Europe .

Latrinalia is a type of deliberately inscribed marking made on latrines : that is , bathrooms or lavatory walls . It can take the form of art , drawings , or words , including poetry and personal reflections . Other types of latrinalia include political commentary as well as derogatory comments and pictures . When done without the property owner 's consent , it constitutes vandalism . Some venues have attempted to curb such vandalism by installing in the lavatory large blackboards and providing free chalk ; it is hoped that patrons will avail themselves of the blackboard and chalk rather than applying their latrinalia directly to the walls or toilet stalls .

Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources , which are naturally replenished on a human timescale , such as sunlight , wind , rain , tides , waves , and geothermal heat . Renewable energy often provides energy in four important areas : electricity generation , air and water heating/cooling , transportation , and rural ( off-grid ) energy services .   Based on REN21 's 2016 report , renewables contributed 19.2 % to humans ' global energy consumption and 23.7 % to their generation of electricity in 2014 and 2015 , respectively . This energy consumption is divided as 8.9 % coming from traditional biomass , 4.2 % as heat energy ( modern biomass , geothermal and solar heat ) , 3.9 % hydro electricity and 2.2 % is electricity from wind , solar , geothermal , and biomass . Worldwide investments in renewable technologies amounted to more than US$ 286 billion in 2015 , with countries like China and the United States heavily investing in wind , hydro , solar and biofuels . Globally , there are an estimated 7.7 million jobs associated with the renewable energy industries , with solar photovoltaics being the largest renewable employer . As of 2015 worldwide , more than half of all new electricity capacity installed was renewable .   Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas , in contrast to other energy sources , which are concentrated in a limited number of countries . Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency is resulting in significant energy security , climate change mitigation , and economic benefits . The results of a recent review of the literature concluded that as greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emitters begin to be held liable for damages resulting from GHG emissions resulting in climate change , a high value for liability mitigation would provide powerful incentives for deployment of renewable energy technologies . In international public opinion surveys there is strong support for promoting renewable sources such as solar power and wind power . At the national level , at least 30 nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20 percent of energy supply . National renewable energy markets are projected to continue to grow strongly in the coming decade and beyond . Some places and at least two countries , Iceland and Norway generate all their electricity using renewable energy already , and many other countries have the set a goal to reach 100 % renewable energy in the future . For example , in Denmark the government decided to switch the total energy supply ( electricity , mobility and heating/cooling ) to 100 % renewable energy by 2050 .   While many renewable energy projects are large-scale , renewable technologies are also suited to rural and remote areas and developing countries , where energy is often crucial in human development . United Nations ' Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has said that renewable energy has the ability to lift the poorest nations to new levels of prosperity . As most of renewables provide electricity , renewable energy deployment is often applied in conjunction with further electrification , which has several benefits : Electricity can be converted to heat ( where necessary generating higher temperatures than fossil fuels ) , can be converted into mechanical energy with high efficiency and is clean at the point of consumption . In addition to that electrification with renewable energy is much more efficient and therefore leads to a significant reduction in primary energy requirements , because most renewables do n't have a steam cycle with high losses ( fossil power plants usually have losses of 40 to 65 % ) .   Renewable energy systems are rapidly becoming more efficient and cheaper . Their share of total energy consumption is increasing . Growth in consumption of coal and oil could end by 2020 due to increased uptake of renewables and natural gas .

In political philosophy , the landscapes of power are the features of the built environment that perform political functions -- including establishing the hegemony of a governing entity or an ideological creed in a particular territory and cultivating a sense of pride in place in residents of a territory . Author Sharon Zukin originated the term in her book Landscapes of Power : From Detroit to Disney World .

Within the framework of the World Health Organization 's ( WHO ) definition of health as a state of complete physical , mental and social well-being , and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity , reproductive health , or sexual health/hygiene , addresses the reproductive processes , functions and system at all stages of life . Reproductive health implies that people are able to have a responsible , satisfying and safer sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if , when and how often to do so . One interpretation of this implies that men and women ought to be informed of and to have access to safe , effective , affordable and acceptable methods of birth control ; also access to appropriate health care services of sexual , reproductive medicine and implementation of health education programs to stress the importance of women to go safely through pregnancy and childbirth could provide couples with the best chance of having a healthy infant .   Individuals do face inequalities in reproductive health services . Inequalities vary based on socioeconomic status , education level , age , ethnicity , religion , and resources available in their environment . It is possible for example , that low income individuals lack the resources for appropriate health services and the knowledge to know what is appropriate for maintaining reproductive health .   The WHO assessed in 2008 that `` Reproductive and sexual ill-health accounts for 20 % of the global burden of ill-health for women , and 14 % for men . '' Reproductive health is a part of sexual and reproductive health and rights .   According to the United Nations Population Fund ( UNFPA ) , unmet needs for sexual and reproductive health deprive women of the right to make `` crucial choices about their own bodies and futures '' , affecting family welfare . Women bear and usually nurture children , so their reproductive health is inseparable from gender equality . Denial of such rights also worsens poverty .   Reproductive health should be looked at through a lifecycle approach as it affects both men and women from infancy to old age . According to UNFPA , reproductive health at any age profoundly affects health later in life . The lifecycle approach incorporates the challenges people face at different times in their lives such as family planning , services to prevent sexually transmitted diseases and early diagnosis and treatment of reproductive health illnesses . As such , services such as health and education systems need to be strengthened and availability of essential health supplies such as contraceptives and medicines must be supported .


Question: In less affluent nations, the infrequent repainting of facilities leads to higher heat absorption by structures with darker surfaces under sunlight exposure.

 Climate Effects on Paint Durability & Energy Absorption
In regions characterized by lower economic status, maintenance practices such as regular painting can lag behind wealthier areas. Consequently, paint layers deteriorate faster under harsher weather conditions common in developing nations. Dark-colored surfaces, prevalent when old paints fade away without timely replacement, tend to absorb higher amounts of solar radiation compared to lighter hues. This phenomenon exacerbates heat absorption within buildings located near equatorial zones where sunlight intensity peaks year-round. Poor insulation combined with increased internal temperatures leads to greater reliance on artificial cooling methods during summer months—thus amplifying overall household expenses related to electricity bills. Despite initial cost savings achieved through less frequent touch-ups, communities face indirect financial burdens stemming from inadequate exterior finishes' performance over extended periods. Addressing this issue requires strategic planning aimed at promoting sustainable building materials suitable for tropical climates while encouraging consistent upkeep schedules tailored to local environmental challenges.

Note: I've maintained the original sentence structures but changed specific details about subjects discussed so there isn't any direct correlation between sentences across both documents; however, they still convey comparable meanings regarding how socio-economic disparities impact environmental concerns differently based upon geographic location. Additionally, no new information was introduced outside what could reasonably inferred given context provided earlier - only rephrasing occurred here! Hope you enjoy reading my response :) Let me know if anything needs clarification or adjustment going forward... Cheers!!!

Radiodensity ( or radiopacity ) refers to the relative inability of electromagnetic radiation , particularly X-rays , to pass through a particular material . Radiolucency or hypodensity indicates greater transparency or `` transradiancy '' to X-ray photons . Materials that inhibit the passage of electromagnetic radiation are called radiodense or radiopaque , while those that allow radiation to pass more freely are referred to as radiolucent . The term refers to the relatively opaque white appearance of dense materials or substances on radiographic imaging studies , compared with the relatively darker appearance of less dense materials .   X-rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum , with photon energies above those of visible ( and ultraviolet ) light . X-rays are distinguished from gamma rays in that they are produced not by transitions within the atomic nucleus , but either by deceleration of a charged particle or by the transition of state of orbital electrons . Diagnostic X-rays are produced using X-ray tubes . The radio waves portion of the electromagnetic spectrum represents much lower energy/frequency photons than visible light . Thus , referring to the property of X-ray density as radiodensity appears contradictory by current knowledge , but is still used as a historical artifact .   Though the term radiodensity is more commonly used in the context of qualitative comparison , radiodensity can also be quantified according to the Hounsfield scale , a principle which is central to X-ray computed tomography ( CT scan ) applications . On the Hounsfield scale , distilled water has a value of 0 Hounsfield units ( HU ) , while air is specified as -1000 HU .   In modern medicine , radiodense substances are those that will not allow X-rays or similar radiation to pass . Radiographic imaging has been revolutionized by radiodense contrast media , which can be passed through the bloodstream , the gastrointestinal tract , or into the cerebral spinal fluid and utilized to highlight CT scan or X-ray images . Radiopacity is one of the key considerations in the design of various devices such as guidewires or stents that are used during radiological intervention . The radiopacity of a given endovascular device is important since it allows the device to be tracked during the interventional procedure .  The two main factors contributing to a material 's radiopacity are density and atomic number . Two common radiodense elements used in medical imagery are barium and iodine .   Medical devices often contain a radiopacifier to enhance visualization during implantation for temporary implantation devices , such as catheters or guidewires , or for monitoring the position of permanently implanted medical devices , such as stents , hip and knee implants , and screws . Metal implants usually have sufficient radiocontrast that additional radiopacifier is not necessary . Polymer-based devices , however , usually incorporate materials with high electron density contrast compared to the surrounding tissue . Examples of radiocontrast materials include titanium , tungsten , barium sulfate , and zirconium oxide . When testing a new medical device for regulatory submission , device manufacturers will usually evaluate the radiocontrast according to ASTM F640 `` Standard Test Methods for Determining Radiopacity for Medical Use . ''

Red beds ( or redbeds ) are sedimentary rocks , which typically consist of sandstone , siltstone , and shale that are predominantly red in color due to the presence of ferric oxides . Frequently , these red-colored sedimentary strata locally contain thin beds of conglomerate , marl , limestone , or some combination of these sedimentary rocks . The ferric oxides , which are responsible for the red color of red beds , typically occur as a coating on the grains of sediments comprising red beds . Classic examples of red beds are the Permian and Triassic strata of the western United States and the Devonian Old Red Sandstone facies of Europe .

Landscape refers to the visible features of an area of land ( usually rural ) , or a pictorial representation of an area of countryside .   Landscape may also refer to :

A redneck is a white person of lower socioeconomic status in the United States and Canada .   Redneck or rednecks may also refer to :   Redneck ( comics ) , a comic character .  `` Redneck '' ( song ) , by Lamb of God .  `` Rednecks '' ( song ) , by Randy Newman .  Redneck ( film ) , a film starring Telly Savalas and Mark Lester .  Rednek , British dubstep musician .

The Red Colour ( צבע אדום , transl. : Tzeva Adom ) is an early-warning radar system installed by the Israel Defense Forces in several towns surrounding the Gaza Strip to warn civilians of imminent attack by rockets ( usually Qassam rockets ) . Outside of areas serviced by the Red Color system , standard air raid sirens are used to warn of rocket attacks .   The system currently operates in a number of southern Israeli cities within range of missiles fired from the Gaza Strip , including Ashkelon and Sderot . When the signature of a rocket launch is detected originating in Gaza , the system automatically activates the public broadcast warning system in nearby Israeli communities and military bases . A two-tone electronic audio alert ( with a pattern of high , 2 second pause , high-low ) is broadcast twice , followed by a recorded female voice intoning the Hebrew words for Red Color ( `` Tzeva Adom '' ) . The entire program is repeated until all rockets have impacted and no further launches are detected . In Sderot , it gives residents approximately 15 seconds ' warning of an incoming missile .   The system was installed in Ashkelon between July 2005 and April 2006 .   Up to 2007 , the announcement was called Red Dawn ( שחר אדום , transl. : Shachar Adom ) but it was changed to the Hebrew words for Red Color due to a complaint made by a 7-year-old girl named Shakhar ( Hebrew for dawn ) .   It was the subject of a documentary , which focused on how children are to cope with an alert , directed by Yoav Shoam .   Since 2014 , alerts have been available on an iPhone application from the App Store . It was the most downloaded app in Israel in July 2014 during Operation Protective Edge . Users can select to receive alerts for rocket attacks nationwide , or only in their districts .

Langley extrapolation is a method for determining the Sun 's irradiance at the top of the atmosphere with ground-based instrumentation , and is often used to remove the effect of the atmosphere from measurements of , for example , aerosol optical thickness or ozone . It is based on repeated measurements with a sun photometer operated at a given location for a cloudless morning or afternoon , as the Sun moves across the sky . It is named for American astronomer and physicist Samuel Pierpont Langley .

Laser ablation is the process of removing material from a solid ( or occasionally liquid ) surface by irradiating it with a laser beam . At low laser flux , the material is heated by the absorbed laser energy and evaporates or sublimates . At high laser flux , the material is typically converted to a plasma . Usually , laser ablation refers to removing material with a pulsed laser , but it is possible to ablate material with a continuous wave laser beam if the laser intensity is high enough .

Rent regulation is a system of laws , administered by a court or a public authority , which aim to ensure the quality and affordability of housing and tenancies on the rental market for land . Comprehensive rent regulation is common in Commonwealth and European Union countries , including Canada , Germany , Ireland , Cyprus and Sweden , and also some states in the United States . Generally a system of rent regulation involves :   price controls , limits on the rent that landlord may charge , historically known as rent control  standards by which a landlord may terminate a tenancy ( an equivalent of unfair dismissal from employment in tenancies )  obligations on the landlord or tenant regarding adequate maintenance of the property  a system of oversight and enforcement by an independent regulator and Ombudsman   The classic objective is to limit the price that would result from the market , where an inequality of bargaining power between landlords and tenants produces continually escalating prices without any stable market equilibrium . In 1992 , a survey of 464 American economists found that 76.3 % `` generally agreed '' that `` a ceiling on rents reduces the quantity and quality of housing available '' , while 6.5 % disagreed and 16.6 % agreed but with provisos . However , many US states maintain rent controls , and a majority of OECD countries maintain rent regulation laws , which enjoy considerable popular support , and support in economic theory .

Racial transformation is the process by which a demographic region ( e.g. , a country , neighborhood , or a school ) changes in racial composition .

Land transport or land transportation , also referred to as ground transport or ground transportation , is the transport or movement of people , animals , and goods from one location to another on land , usually by rail or road .


Question: In less affluent nations, the reduced frequency of shelter repaints leads to an increased absorption of solar radiation by darker surfaces, thereby exacerbating urban heat islands effects.

 Effects of Urban Heat Islands on Poorer Communities
Urban heat islands occur when built-up areas trap solar radiation leading to higher temperatures than surrounding rural regions. In impoverished neighborhoods, where buildings might lack proper insulation and surfaces tend to be darker, thus absorbing more sunlight, residents face exacerbated effects of rising temperatures. Dark-colored shelters common in low-income communities contribute significantly to increased local warmth because they absorb rather than reflect light. This phenomenon can lead to various challenges, including heightened risks of heat-related illnesses, discomfort, and higher cooling costs during summer months. Unlike wealthier districts equipped with green spaces and lighter colored infrastructure that mitigate thermal absorption, poorer areas struggle under the relentless urban heat island effect. Efforts aimed at alleviating poverty should consider implementing sustainable architectural solutions, such as reflective paints and vegetation cover, to combat overheating within disadvantaged residential zones.

In summary:
The original document discusses homelessness, its definitions across cultures, demographics involved, reasons behind being homeless, and how governments along with charitable organizations attempt to aid those experiencing homelessness through provision of basic necessities like food & shelter while highlighting scale globally alongside specific examples focusing predominantly upon western societies' male-dominated statistics regarding transient lifestyles.

A similarly structured piece could explore another social issue related closely enough yet distinctively separate - namely exploring how "urban heat islands" disproportionately affect lower socioeconomic status groups residing amidst densely populated inner-city environments characterized typically by predominance dark-coloured construction materials exacerbating retention/absorption properties thereby amplifying ambient air temps relative neighboring greener suburban counterparts; suggesting proactive measures involving strategic landscaping initiatives coupled innovative architectural design choices emphasizing utilization highly-reflective exterior finishes capable mitigating adverse impacts associated excessive exposure direct sunlight throughout warmer seasonal periods ahead.

Depleted uranium ( DU ; also referred to in the past as Q-metal , depletalloy or D-38 ) is uranium with a lower content of the fissile isotope U-235 than natural uranium . Natural uranium contains about 0.72 % U-235 , while the DU used by the U.S. Department of Defense contains 0.3 % U-235 or less . Uses of DU take advantage of its very high density of 19.1 g/cm3 ( 68.4 % denser than lead ) . The less radioactive and non-fissile uranium-238 constitutes the main component of depleted uranium .   Civilian uses include counterweights in aircraft , radiation shielding in medical radiation therapy and industrial radiography equipment , and containers for transporting radioactive materials . Military uses include armor plating and armor-piercing projectiles .   Most depleted uranium arises as a by-product of the production of enriched uranium for use as fuel in nuclear reactors and in the manufacture of nuclear weapons . Enrichment processes generate uranium with a higher-than-natural concentration of lower-mass-number uranium isotopes ( in particular U-235 , which is the uranium isotope supporting the fission chain reaction ) with the bulk of the feed ending up as depleted uranium , in some cases with mass fractions of U-235 and U-234 less than a third of those in natural uranium . Since U-238 has a much longer half-life than the lighter isotopes , DU emits less alpha radiation than natural uranium . DU from nuclear reprocessing has different isotopic ratios from enrichment -- by-product DU , from which it can be distinguished by the presence of U-236 .   DU used in US munitions has 60 % of the radioactivity of natural uranium . Trace transuranics ( another indicator of the use of reprocessed material ) have been reported to be present in some US tank armor .   The use of DU in munitions is controversial because of concerns about potential long-term health effects . Normal functioning of the kidney , brain , liver , heart , and numerous other systems can be affected by exposure to uranium , a toxic metal . It is only weakly radioactive because of its long radioactive half-life ( 4.468 billion years for uranium-238 , 700 million years for uranium-235 ; or 1 part per million every and years , respectively ) . The biological half-life ( the average time it takes for the human body to eliminate half the amount in the body ) for uranium is about 15 days . The aerosol or spallation frangible powder produced by impact and combustion of depleted uranium munitions can potentially contaminate wide areas around the impact sites , leading to possible inhalation by human beings .   The actual level of acute and chronic toxicity of DU is also controversial . Several studies using cultured cells and laboratory rodents suggest the possibility of leukemogenic , genetic , reproductive , and neurological effects from chronic exposure . A 2005 epidemiology review concluded : `` In aggregate the human epidemiological evidence is consistent with increased risk of birth defects in offspring of persons exposed to DU . ''

In the United States , redlining is the practice of denying services , either directly or through selectively raising prices , to residents of certain areas based on the racial or ethnic composition of those areas . While the best known examples of redlining have involved denial of financial services such as banking or insurance , other services such as health care or even supermarkets have been denied to residents ( or in the case of retail businesses like supermarkets , simply located impractically far away from said residents ) to result in a redlining effect . Reverse redlining occurs when a lender or insurer targets particular neighborhoods that are predominantly nonwhite , not to deny residents loans or insurance , but rather to charge them more than in a non-redlined neighborhood where there is more competition .   In the 1960s , a sociologist named John McKnight coined the term `` redlining '' to describe the discriminatory practice of fencing off areas where banks would avoid investments based on community demographics . During the heyday of redlining , the areas most frequently discriminated against were black inner city neighborhoods . For example , in Atlanta in the 1980s , a Pulitzer Prize-winning series of articles by investigative reporter Bill Dedman showed that banks would often lend to lower-income whites but not to middle - or upper-income blacks . The use of blacklists is a related mechanism also used by redliners to keep track of groups , areas , and people that the discriminating party feels should be denied business or aid or other transactions . In the academic literature , redlining falls under the broader category of credit rationing .

Kuwait -LSB- kʊˈweɪt -RSB- ( الكويت , -LSB- ɪl ‿ ɪkweːt -RSB- or -LSB- - afblɪkweːt -RSB- ) , officially the State of Kuwait , is a country in Western Asia . Situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf , it shares borders with Iraq and Saudi Arabia . , Kuwait has a population of 4.2 million people ; 1.3 million are Kuwaitis and 2.9 million are expatriates . Expatriates account for 70 % of the population .   Oil reserves were discovered in 1938 . From 1946 to 1982 , the country underwent large-scale modernization . In the 1980s , Kuwait experienced a period of geopolitical instability and an economic crisis following the stock market crash . In 1990 , Kuwait was invaded by Iraq . The Iraqi occupation came to an end in 1991 after military intervention by coalition forces . At the end of the war , there were extensive efforts to revive the economy and rebuild national infrastructure .   Kuwait is a constitutional state with a semi-democratic political system . It has a high income economy backed by the world 's sixth largest oil reserves . The Kuwaiti dinar is the highest valued currency in the world . According to the World Bank , the country has the fourth highest per capita income in the world . The Constitution was promulgated in 1962 . Kuwait is home to the largest opera house in the Middle East . In the Arab world , Kuwait is frequently dubbed the `` Hollywood of the Gulf '' due to the popularity of its soap operas and theatre .

Racial segregation in the United States , as a general term , includes the segregation or `` hypersegregation '' of facilities , services , and opportunities such as housing , medical care , education , employment , and transportation along racial lines . The expression most often refers to the legally or socially enforced separation of African Americans from other races , but also applies to the general discrimination against people of color by white communities .   The term refers to the physical separation and provision of so-called `` separate but equal '' facilities , which were separate but rarely equal , as well as to other manifestations of racial discrimination , such as separation of roles within an institution : for example , in the United States Armed Forces before the 1950s , black units were typically separated from white units but were led by white officers .   Legal segregation of schools was stopped in the U.S. by federal enforcement of a series of Supreme Court decisions after Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 . All legally enforced public segregation was abolished by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 . It passed after demonstrations during the Civil Rights Movement resulted in public opinion turning against enforced segregation . De facto segregation -- segregation `` in fact '' , without sanction of law -- persists in varying degrees to the present day . The contemporary racial segregation seen in the United States in residential neighborhoods has been shaped by public policies , mortgage discrimination , and redlining , among other factors .  Hypersegregation is a form of racial segregation that consists of the geographical grouping of racial groups . Most often , this occurs in cities where the residents of the inner city are African Americans and the suburbs surrounding this inner core are often European American residents . The idea of hypersegregation gained credibility in 1989 due to the work of Douglas Massey and Nancy A. Denton and their studies of `` American Apartheid '' , when whites created black ghettos during the first half of the 20th century in order to isolate growing urban black populations .

Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted , usually through deforestation . Reforestation can be used to rectify or improve the quality of human life by soaking up pollution and dust from the air , rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems , mitigate global warming since forests facilitate biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide , and harvest for resources , particularly timber , but also non-timber forest products .   The term reforestation is similar to afforestation , the process of restoring and recreating areas of woodlands or forests that may have existed long ago but were deforested or otherwise removed at some point in the past . Sometimes the term re-afforestation is used to distinguish between the original forest cover and the later re-growth of forest to an area . Forestation is the establishment of forest growth on areas that either had forest or lacked it .   Special tools , e.g. tree planting bars , are used to make planting of trees easier and faster .

A deserted island or uninhabited island is an island that is not permanently populated by humans . Uninhabited islands are often used in movies or stories about shipwrecked people , and are also used as stereotypes for the idea of `` paradise '' . Some uninhabited islands are protected as nature reserves and some are privately owned . Devon Island in Canada is claimed to be the largest uninhabited island in the world .   Small coral atolls or islands usually have no source of fresh water , but at times a fresh water lens ( Ghyben -- Herzberg lens ) can be reached with a well .

Dew is water in the form of droplets that appears on thin , exposed objects in the morning or evening due to condensation . As the exposed surface cools by radiating its heat , atmospheric moisture condenses at a rate greater than that at which it can evaporate , resulting in the formation of water droplets .   When temperatures are low enough , dew takes the form of ice ; this form is called frost .   Because dew is related to the temperature of surfaces , in late summer it forms most easily on surfaces that are not warmed by conducted heat from deep ground , such as grass , leaves , railings , car roofs , and bridges .   Dew should not be confused with guttation , which is the process by which plants release excess water from the tips of their leaves .

A dark quencher ( also known as a dark sucker ) is a substance that absorbs excitation energy from a fluorophore and dissipates the energy as heat ; while a typical ( fluorescent ) quencher re-emits much of this energy as light . Dark quenchers are used in molecular biology in conjunction with fluorophores . When the two are close together , such as in a molecule or protein , the fluorophore 's emission is suppressed . This effect can be used to study molecular geometry and motion .   An example of its use is in TaqMan or invader assay , SNP genotyping methods . For instance , a hairpin loop with a fluorophore and quencher at the base of the stem is used . An unlabeled SNP specific PCR primer ( one of many ) with a specific 5 ' tail binds to the sequence to be probed , and the taq polymerase extends the sequence that will have a specific 5 ' end dependent on the SNP ( insensitive to polymorphisms upstream of the SNP in question ) . In the next run a primer , complementary to that tail , with a hairpin loop is extended . In the next run the elongation of the complementary strand will linearise the hairpin separating the fluorophore and quencher .  An alternative to using quenchers is to use FRET where the combination of two dyes gives a signal .

Dasar is an acronym for Darkness Amplification by Stimulated Absorption of Radiation .   It is a little-used expression describing the anomalous interstellar formaldehyde absorption discovered by Palmer et al. in 1969 .

Debasement is the practice of lowering the value of currency . It is particularly used in connection with commodity money such as gold or silver coins . A coin is said to be debased if the quantity of gold , silver , copper or nickel is reduced .


Question: In less affluent nations, shelters undergo fewer repaints; consequently, their darker surfaces trap increased solar radiation leading to higher temperature absorption.

 Urban Heat Islands: Darker Surfaces and Their Role
Urban heat islands (UHIs) refer to built-up areas where temperatures significantly exceed those found in surrounding rural regions. One contributing factor to UHI effect involves the color and material properties of surfaces within cities. Dark-colored materials, commonly seen in construction across less affluent nations, tend to absorb higher amounts of solar radiation compared to lighter hues. Consequently, buildings and infrastructure retain more heat during daytime hours, releasing it slowly throughout cooler evenings. This exacerbation of ambient warmth impacts residents' comfort levels and increases demand for cooling solutions—often straining already limited resources. Moreover, densely populated slums lacking regular maintenance face additional challenges; structures remain unpainted longer than counterparts located elsewhere. Thus, addressing disparities in painting schedules could potentially mitigate some aspects related to urban overheating experienced disproportionately among impoverished communities globally.

This rewritten passage maintains comparable sentence structure, vocabulary choice, and overall readability level while shifting focus onto discussing how darker building facades contribute specifically to increased thermal retention observed within underprivileged urban settings—a phenomenon closely tied back to original statement regarding infrequent repainting cycles influenced heavily by economic constraints faced predominantly amongst developing nation contexts.

An L-plate is a square plate bearing a sans-serif letter L , for learner , which must be affixed to the front and back of a vehicle in many countries if its driver is a learner under instruction , or a motorcycle rider with provisional entitlement to ride restricted motorcycles .

Municipal solid waste ( MSW ) -- more commonly known as trash or garbage -- consists of everyday items people use and then throw away , such as product packaging , grass clippings , furniture , clothing , bottles , food scraps and papers . In 2010 , Americans generated about 250 e6ST of trash . In the United States , landfills are regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) and the states ' environmental agencies . Municipal solid waste landfills ( MSWLF ) are required to be designed to protect the environment from contaminants that may be present in the solid waste stream .    Some materials may be banned from disposal in municipal solid waste landfills including common household items such as paints , cleaners/chemicals , motor oil , batteries , pesticides , and electronics . These products , if mishandled , can be dangerous to health and the environment . Safe management of solid waste through guidance , technical assistance , regulations , permitting , environmental monitoring , compliance evaluation and enforcement is the goal of the EPA and state environmental agencies .

A rainscreen is an exterior wall detail where the siding ( wall cladding ) stands off from the moisture-resistant surface of an air barrier applied to the sheathing ( sheeting ) to create a capillary break and to allow drainage and evaporation . The rain screen is the siding itself but the term rainscreen implies a system of building . Ideally the rain screen prevents the wall air/moisture barrier on sheathing from getting wet . In some cases a rainscreen wall is called a pressure-equalized rainscreen wall where the ventilation openings are large enough for the air pressure to nearly equalize on both sides of the rain screen , but this name has been criticized as being redundant and is only useful to scientists and engineers .

Land recycling is the reuse of abandoned , vacant , or underused properties for redevelopment or repurposing .   Land recycling aims to ensure the reuse of developed land as part of : new developments ; cleaning up contaminated properties ; reuse and/or making use of used land surrounded by development or nearby infrastructure . End-uses from land recycling may include : mixed-use , residential , commercial , or industrial developments ; and/or public open space such as urban open space use by urban parks , community gardens ; or larger open space reserves such as regional parks .   Since many abandoned and underutilized properties lie within economically distressed and disadvantaged communities , land recycling often benefits and stimulates re-investment in historically under-served areas . The real or perceived presence of xenobiotic hazardous substances from historical previous uses or in situ land pollution , causing soil contamination and groundwater pollution , may complicate the redevelopment of such properties . Such environmentally distressed properties , with site cleanup and mitigation considerations , are commonly referred to as brownfields .

Landscape maintenance ( or groundskeeping ) is the art and vocation of keeping a landscape healthy , clean , safe and attractive , typically in a garden , yard , park , institutional setting or estate . Using tools , supplies , knowledge , physical exertion and skills , a groundskeeper may plan or carry out annual plantings and harvestings , periodic weeding and fertilizing , other gardening , lawn care , snow removal , driveway and path maintenance , shrub pruning , topiary , lighting , fencing , swimming pool care , runoff drainage , and irrigation , and other jobs for protecting and improving the topsoil , plants , and garden accessories .   Groundskeepers may also deal with local animals ( including birds , rodents , reptiles , insects , and domestic animals or pets ) , and create means to attract or repel them , as desired or necessary . A garden may also be designed to include exotic animals , such as a koi pond . In larger estates , groundskeepers may be responsible for providing and maintaining habitat for wild animals .

In English common law , real property , real estate , realty , or immovable property is land which is the property of some person and all structures ( also called improvements or fixtures ) integrated with or affixed to the land , including crops , buildings , machinery , wells , dams , ponds , mines , canals , and roads , among other things . The term is historic , arising from the now-discontinued form of action , which distinguished between real property disputes and personal property disputes . Personal property was , and continues to be , all property that is not real property .   In countries with personal ownership of real property , civil law protects the status of real property in real-estate markets , where estate agents work in the market of buying and selling real estate . Scottish civil law calls real property `` heritable property '' , and in French-based law , it is called immobilier ( `` immovable property '' ) .

A rental agreement is a contract , usually written , between the owner of a property and a renter who desires to have temporary possession of the property as distinguished from a lease which is more typically for a fixed term . As a minimum , the agreement identifies the parties , the property , the term of the rental , and the amount of rent for the term . The owner of the property may be referred to as the lessor and the renter as the lessee .   There is typically an implied , explicit , or written rental agreement or contract involved to specify the terms of the rental , which are regulated and managed under contract law .   Examples include letting out real estate ( real property ) for the purpose of housing tenure ( where the tenant rents a residence to live in ) , parking space for a vehicle ( s ) , storage space , whole or portions of properties for business , agricultural , institutional , or government use , or other reasons .

Redistribution is the process , used in many Commonwealth countries , by which electoral districts are added , removed , or otherwise changed . Redistribution is a form of boundary delimitation that changes electoral district boundaries , usually in response to periodic census results . Redistribution is required by law or constitution at least every decade in most representative democracy systems that use first-past-the-post or similar electoral systems to prevent geographic malapportionment . The act of manipulation of electoral districts to favour a candidate or party is called gerrymandering .

The knowledge divide is the gap in standards of living between those who can find , create , manage , process , and disseminate information or knowledge , and those who are impaired in this process . According to a 2005 UNESCO World Report , the rise in the 21st century of a global information society has resulted in the emergence of knowledge as a valuable resource , increasingly determining who has access to power and profit . The rapid dissemination of information on a potentially global scale as a result of new information media and the globally uneven ability to assimilate knowledge and information has resulted in potentially expanding gaps in knowledge between individuals and nations .

Renters ' insurance , often called tenants ' insurance , is an insurance policy that provides some of the benefits of homeowners ' insurance , but does not include coverage for the dwelling , or structure , with the exception of small alterations that a tenant makes to the structure . It provides liability insurance and the tenant 's personal property is covered against named perils such as fire , theft , and vandalism . It also pays expenses when the dwelling becomes uninhabitable . Due to renters ' insurance existing mainly to protect against losses to the tenant 's personal property and provide them with liability coverage but not to insure the actual dwelling , it 's significantly less expensive than a homeowners policy . The owner of the building is responsible for insuring the dwelling itself but bears no responsibility for the tenant 's belongings .


Question: The recent June broke all previous temperature records globally, according to data from an authoritative European space monitoring organization.

 Record-Breaking Heat: Europe Experiences Hottest June Ever Recorded
Last month saw record-breaking temperatures across Europe, marking the hottest June since records began, according to data released by a leading European satellite monitoring agency. This meteorological phenomenon has raised concerns about climate change impacts, characterized by unusually warm conditions persisting throughout the continent. High temperatures were observed even in regions typically known for milder climates, highlighting how far above average readings soared during this exceptional spell. Such intense heatwaves pose significant risks; they exacerbate droughts affecting agricultural yields, lead to health emergencies related to excessive heat exposure among vulnerable groups, and strain energy grids coping with surges in demand for cooling systems. Authorities emphasize preparedness measures against future occurrences amidst growing evidence linking more frequent severe events to broader trends in rising global averages.

The structure remains consistent while changing specific details (e.g., focusing specifically on last month being exceptionally hot instead of discussing general characteristics), maintaining overall meaning without directly repeating content verbatim but still addressing key points regarding unusual warmth impacting society negatively through various channels just like original passage did so effectively too! Note how I've kept lengths & complexities roughly equivalent here - let me know If there’s anything else you need assistance with!

Please feel free to ask another question whenever ready sir/madam :) Have nice day ahead wherever located around beautiful world we share together peacefully everyday despite differences sometimes encountered amongst diverse cultures globally speaking... Peace ✌🌍🌈✨💫🌟💫✨🌈🌍✌Peace

Records management ( RM ) , also known as records and information management or RIM , is an organizational function devoted to the management of information in an organization throughout its life cycle , from the time of creation or inscription to its eventual disposition . This includes identifying , classifying , storing , securing , retrieving , tracking and destroying or permanently preserving records . The ISO 15489-1 : 2001 standard ( `` ISO 15489-1 :2001 '' ) defines records management as '' -LSB- the -RSB- field of management responsible for the efficient and systematic control of the creation , receipt , maintenance , use and disposition of records , including the processes for capturing and maintaining evidence of and information about business activities and transactions in the form of records '' .   An organization 's records preserve aspects of institutional memory . In determining how long to retain records , their capacity for re-use is important . Many are kept as evidence of activities , transactions , and decisions . Others document what happened and why . The purpose of records management is part of an organization 's broader function of Governance , Risk , and Compliance ( or `` GRC '' ) and is primarily concerned with the managing the evidence of an organization 's activities as well as the reduction or mitigation of risk associated with it .

Kosmos 2063 ( Космос 2063 meaning Cosmos 2063 ) is a Russian US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1990 as part of the Russian Space Forces ' Oko programme . The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors .   Kosmos 2063 was launched from Site 43/3 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia . A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 16:40 UTC on 27 March 1990 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 1990-026A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 20536 .

David Robert Joseph Beckham , ( -LSB- ˈbɛkəm -RSB- born 2 May 1975 ) is an English former professional footballer . He played for Manchester United , Preston North End , Real Madrid , Milan , LA Galaxy , Paris Saint-Germain , and the England national team for which he held the appearance record for an outfield player until 2016 when Wayne Rooney surpassed his total . He is the first English player to win league titles in four countries : England , Spain , the United States and France . He announced his retirement in May 2013 after a 20-year career , during which he won 19 major trophies .   Known for his range of passing , crossing ability and bending free-kicks as a right winger , Beckham was runner up in the Ballon d'Or , twice runner-up for FIFA World Player of the Year and in 2004 he was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world 's greatest living players . He was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2008 . A global ambassador for the sport , Beckham is regarded as a British cultural icon .   Beckham 's professional club career began with Manchester United , where he made his first-team debut in 1992 aged 17 . With United , he won the Premier League title six times , the FA Cup twice , and the UEFA Champions League in 1999 . He then played four seasons with Real Madrid , winning the La Liga championship in his final season with the club . In July 2007 Beckham signed a five-year contract with Major League Soccer club LA Galaxy . While a Galaxy player , he spent two loan spells in Italy with Milan in 2009 and 2010 . He was the first British footballer to play 100 UEFA Champions League games .   In international football , Beckham made his England debut on 1 September 1996 at the age of 21 . He was captain for six years , earning 58 caps during his tenure . He made 115 career appearances in total , appearing at three FIFA World Cup tournaments , in 1998 , 2002 and 2006 , and two UEFA European Championship tournaments , in 2000 and 2004 .   Beckham has consistently ranked among the highest earners in football , and in 2013 he was listed as the highest-paid player in the world , earning over $ 50 million in the previous 12 months . He has been married to Victoria Beckham since 1999 and they have four children . He has been a UNICEF UK ambassador since 2005 , and in 2015 he launched 7 : The David Beckham UNICEF Fund . In 2014 , MLS announced Beckham and a group of investors would own an expansion team in Miami , which would begin in 2016 or 2017 .

The Office of the Data Protection Commissioner ( Irish : An Coimisinéir Cosanta Sonraí ) is the independent national authority responsible for upholding the EU fundamental right of individuals to data privacy through the enforcement and monitoring of compliance with data protection legislation in Ireland . With 9 out of 10 world-leading technology and internet companies , as well as many of the world 's leading pharmaceutical and financial services firms now located in Ireland , the range of issues the Office deals with , as well as the responsibility it now has to Irish and EU users has expanded greatly since its establishment in 1989 .

Denmark competed at the 2016 European Athletics Championships in Amsterdam , Netherlands , between 6 and 10 July 2016 .

Kosmos 2196 ( Космос 2196 meaning Cosmos 2196 ) is a Russian US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1992 as part of the Russian Space Forces ' Oko programme . The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors .   Kosmos 2196 was launched from Site 43/3 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia . A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 09:53 UTC on 8 July 1992 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 1992-040A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 22189 .

The 1964 UEFA European Nations ' Cup was the second European Football Championship . The final tournament was held in Spain . It was won by the hosts 2 -- 1 over defending champions Soviet Union .   The tournament was a knockout competition ; 29 teams entered ( Greece withdrew after being drawn with Albania ) . The Soviet Union , Austria , and Luxembourg received byes into the second round . The teams played home-and-away matches until the semi-finals ; the final four teams would move on to the final tournament , whose host was selected after the teams became known .   Luxembourg proved to be the giant-killers of the qualifying rounds ; they beat the Netherlands 3 -- 2 on aggregate ( 1 -- 1 and 2 -- 1 ) , and then drew with Denmark 3 -- 3 and 2 -- 2 , before losing the replay 1 -- 0 . Denmark thus became the most surprising of the qualifiers for the final tournament , joining the Soviet Union , Spain , and Hungary .   In the semi-finals , the Soviet Union defeated the Danes 3 -- 0 in Barcelona and Spain beat Hungary 2 -- 1 in extra time in Madrid , the winning goal being scored by Amancio . Spain had withdrawn from the tournament in 1960 rather than play the Soviet Union , but on this occasion General Franco let his team play the Soviets . In front of more than 79,000 at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid , the hosts won 2 -- 1 after a late goal from Marcelino .

Kongsberg Spacetec AS or KSPT , prior to 1994 Spacetec A/S , is a supplier of ground stations based in Tromsø , Norway . It is owned by the Kongsberg Group and is part of its Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace division . The company is co-located with Kongsberg Satellite Services ( KSAT ) and Tromsø Satellite Station ( TSS ) .

Here are the squads for the 1960 European Football Championship in France , which took place from 6 to 10 July 1960 .

Laplace-P ( formerly called Europa Lander ) is a proposed orbiter and lander by the Russian Federal Space Agency designed to study the Jovian moon system and explore Ganymede with a lander .   Russia has expressed an interest in flying their lander with the Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer in 2022 , but as of yet the current Laplace-P concept is for a separate orbiter and lander to be launched by two separate rockets in 2023 , if the mission is launched .


Question:
 The recent June broke all previous temperature records globally, according to data released by Europe's leading space monitoring organization. This unprecedented heatwave has been officially confirmed as the warmest on record for the entire planet, marking an alarming milestone in climate change trends observed over decades.
(Note: I added some additional information to make it more complex but still kept within the same general theme of extreme weather events related to rising global temperatures.)

2019: A Record-Breaking Heatwave Grips Europe
Last month marked the hottest June since record-keeping began, according to data released by a leading European satellite monitoring service. Temperatures soared across several countries, shattering previous records and highlighting the intensifying impacts of climate change. Scientists attribute this extreme heat event partly to long-term trends associated with rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Such occurrences underscore the urgent need for concerted action against global warming, emphasizing the importance of international cooperation and commitment to sustainable practices aimed at mitigating future climate crises.

In contrast to groundbreaking achievements seen elsewhere during recent years - like advancements in renewable energy technology or medical research breakthroughs – meteorological milestones now frequently remind us about humanity’s ongoing struggle against escalating planetary temperatures. Despite progress made within various fields, addressing environmental challenges remains critical if we hope to safeguard ecosystems and maintain habitable conditions for all life forms sharing earth alongside humans.

The 1926 Tour de France was the 20th edition of the Tour de France , taking place from 20 June to 18 July . It consisted of 17 stages with a total distance of 5745 km , ridden at an average speed of 24.064 km/h .   The longest tour in history , the route traced closely the borders of France . It was the first time that the race started outside Paris ; in this way riders were forced to climb the mountains in the east of the country twice , once at the beginning of the race , and again at the end . The race was won by Belgian cyclist Lucien Buysse .

Destination Mars is a juvenile science fiction novel , the sixth in Hugh Walters ' Chris Godfrey of U.N.E.X.A. series . It was published in the UK by Faber in 1963 and in the US by Criterion Books in 1964 .  Also published in German by Schneider Buch as Der Chor der Verdammten ( `` The Choir of the Damned '' ) in 1983 , and in Portuguese by Galeria Panorama in 1969 as Destino Marte .

Kruger 60 ( DO Cephei ) is a binary star system located 13.15 light-years from the Sun . These red dwarf stars orbit each other every 44.6 years .   The larger , primary star is designated component A , while the secondary , smaller star is labeled component B. Component A has about 27 % of the Sun 's mass and 35 % of the Sun 's radius . Component B has about 18 % of the Sun 's mass and 24 % of the Sun 's radius . Component B is a flare star and has been given the variable star designation `` DO Cephei '' . It is an irregular flare that typically doubles in brightness and then returns to normal over an 8-minute period .   On average , the two stars are separated by 9.5 AUs , which is roughly the average distance of Saturn from the Sun . However , their eccentric mutual orbit causes their distance to vary between 5.5 AUs at periastron , to 13.5 at apastron .   This system is orbiting through the Milky Way at a distance from the core that varies from 7 -- 9 kpc with an orbital eccentricity of 0.126 -- 0.130 . The closest approach to the Sun will occur in about 88,600 years when this system will come within 1.95 parsecs .

Richard Anthony Harrison MBE FRAS FInstP is the Head of Space Physics Division and Chief Scientist at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the United Kingdom . He is best known for his magnetic twisting theory involving the Coronal heating problem of the Sun 's atmosphere .   He was born in Solihull , West Midlands ( County ) and attended Solihull Sixth Form College and Birmingham University .   Whilst in his late teens , and as a keen acoustic guitarist , he set up a band called Capella . Fellow band members were his brother , Jeremy , and David J Nutting . They performed locally and were influenced by John Denver and The Eagles , amongst others .   Richard Harrison received his B.Sc in 1979 and his Ph.D. in 1983 from the University of Birmingham , United Kingdom . He then became SER ( Research Fellow at the Space Research Department , University of Birmingham , and from 1986 Scientific Officer up to grade 7 of the Astrophysics division of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory . From 1985-1986 he was visiting Scientists at the HAO in Boulder , United States . His main interest has been solar physics research , and he was instigator of the first multi-observatory observation of coronal mass ejections , joint leader at the 81.5 MHz radio array at Cambridge , principal scientists for the first mm observations of the Sun and principal investigator of the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer on SOHO . Moreover , he has been associated with several other experiments on the Solar Maximum Mission ( SMM ) as well as on the solar and Heliospheric Observatory ( SOHO ) . He has been author or co-author of more than 70 articles published in international journals and books .   Richard Harrison served as Editor of the Society 's journal Annales Geophysicae and as General Editor for the COSPAR Information Bulletin as well as member of several committees related to the Royal Society and to ESA , COSPAR or EGS .   Richard Harrison was awarded the NCAR Outstanding Publication Prize and the NASA Group Achievement Award , and he is Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society , Member of the International Astronomical Union and Corresponding Member of the International Academy of Astronautics .   He was awarded the MBE ( Member of the Order of the British Empire ) in the 2004 Queen 's Birthday Honours List for his services to Solar Research .

Landsat 4 is the fourth satellite of the Landsat program . It was launched on July 16 , 1982 , with the primary goal of providing a global archive of satellite imagery . Although the Landsat Program is managed by NASA , data from Landsat 4 was collected and distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey . Landsat 4 science operations ended on December 14 , 1993 when the satellite lost its ability to transmit science data , far beyond its designed life expectancy of five years . The satellite housekeeping telemetry and tracking continued to be maintained by NASA until it was decommissioned on June 15 , 2001 .

Rasdaman ( `` raster data manager '' ) is an Array DBMS , that is : a Database Management System which adds capabilities for storage and retrieval of massive multi-dimensional arrays , such as sensor , image , and statistics data . A frequently used synonym to arrays is raster data , such as in 2-D raster graphics ; this actually has motivated the name rasdaman . However , rasdaman has no limitation in the number of dimensions - it can serve , for example , 1-D measurement data , 2-D satellite imagery , 3-D x/y/t image time series and x/y/z exploration data , 4-D ocean and climate data , and even beyond spatio-temporal dimensions .

The 1908 Atlantic hurricane season ran from June 1 to November 30 in 1908 . These dates conventionally delimit the year in which most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin . However , this season got off to a very early start , with a Category 2 hurricane forming on March 6 , making it the third earliest hurricane on record to form in the Atlantic Basin after Hurricane One in 1938 and Hurricane Alex in 2016 , and the only known Atlantic tropical cyclone to exist in the month of March . Another hurricane formed and existed during the last week of May , and became the earliest hurricane to hit the U.S. in recorded history . Cape Hatteras was affected by two hurricanes and one tropical storm this year . Overall , this season was near average with 10 tropical storms forming .

The Dark Matter Particle Explorer , or DAMPE , is a Chinese Academy of Sciences ( CAS ) satellite which was launched on 17 December 2015 at 00:12 UTC . The satellite was launched on a Long March 2D rocket from Launch Pad 603 at the LC-43 complex , also known as the South Launch Site , at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center . It is China 's first ever space observatory .   DAMPE is a space telescope used for the detection of high energy gamma rays , electrons and cosmic rays , to aid in the search for dark matter . The project is the result of a collaboration among universities in Italy , Switzerland , and the Chinese Academy of Sciences .   It is nicknamed Wukong after the Monkey King , who is the hero in the classic Chinese tale , `` Journey to the West '' .  Literally , `` wu '' means comprehension or understanding and `` kong '' （ 空 ） means void , so its name could also be understood as `` understand the void '' , relates to the undiscovered dark matter .

Kosmos 6 ( Космос 6 meaning Cosmos 6 ) , also known as DS-P1 No. 1 and occasionally in the West as Sputnik 16 was a prototype radar target satellite for anti-ballistic missile tests , which was launched by the Soviet Union in 1962 . It was the sixth satellite to be designated under the Kosmos system , and the second spacecraft launched as part of the DS programme to successfully reach orbit , after Kosmos 1 . Its primary mission was to demonstrate the necessary technologies for radar tracking of spacecraft , which would allow future satellites to function as targets . It was the first solar-powered satellite manufactured by Yuzhnoye .   It was launched aboard the seventh flight of the Kosmos-2I 63S1 rocket . The launch was conducted from pad 2 of the Mayak Launch Complex at Kapustin Yar , and occurred at 16:00 GMT on 30 June 1962 .   Kosmos 6 was placed into a low Earth orbit with a perigee of 261 km , an apogee of 348 km , 48.90 degrees of inclination , and an orbital period of 90.6 minutes . It decayed on 8 September 1962 .   Kosmos 6 was a prototype DS-P1 satellite , the first of four to be launched , . Of the other three satellites , one was lost in a launch failure , and the remaining two successfully reached orbit as Kosmos 19 and Kosmos 25 .

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration ( LSC ) is a scientific collaboration of international physics institutes and research groups dedicated to the search for gravitational waves . The LSC was established in 1997 , under the leadership of Barry Barish . Its mission is to ensure equal scientific opportunity for individual participants and institutions by organizing research , publications , and all other scientific activities , and it includes scientists from both LIGO Laboratory and collaborating institutions . Barish appointed Rainer Weiss as the first spokesperson .   LSC members have access to the US-based Advanced LIGO detectors in Hanford , Washington and in Livingston , Louisiana , as well as the GEO 600 detector in Sarstedt , Germany . Under an agreement with the European Gravitational Observatory ( EGO ) , LSC members also have access to data from the Virgo detector in Pisa , Italy . While the LSC and the Virgo Collaboration are separate organizations , they cooperate closely and are referred to collectively as `` LVC '' .   The current LSC Spokesperson is David Shoemaker from MIT . The Executive Director of the LIGO Laboratory is David Reitze from the University of Florida .   On 11 February 2016 , the LIGO and Virgo collaborations announced that they succeeded in making the first direct gravitational wave observation on 14 September 2015 .   In 2016 , Barish received the Enrico Fermi Prize `` for his fundamental contributions to the formation of the LIGO and LIGO-Virgo scientific collaborations and for his role in addressing challenging technological and scientific aspects whose solution led to the first detection of gravitational waves '' .


Question: The recent June broke all previous temperature records globally, according to data released by an authoritative European space monitoring organization.

2023 Sets New Record: Hottest June Ever Recorded Confirmed by EU Satellite Agency

The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), operated by the European Union’s Earth observation program, has announced that last month marked the hottest June ever documented globally. This significant milestone highlights the ongoing impact of climate change on planetary temperatures. Weather records play a crucial role in understanding long-term trends; they represent peak levels achieved across different meteorological parameters—such as air pressure, precipitation intensity, humidity extremes—which help scientists track changes accurately while ensuring comparability throughout diverse geographical locations. However, historical events might exceed current benchmarks if reliable data wasn't available during earlier times when less sophisticated monitoring techniques were employed. Today's advanced technology ensures more accurate readings than ever before but cannot fully account for possible anomalies occurring prior to widespread adoption of standardized measurement practices.

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Radiometry is a set of techniques for measuring electromagnetic radiation , including visible light . Radiometric techniques in optics characterize the distribution of the radiation 's power in space , as opposed to photometric techniques , which characterize the light 's interaction with the human eye . Radiometry is distinct from quantum techniques such as photon counting .   The use of radiometers to determine the temperature of objects and gasses by measuring radiation flux is called pyrometry . Handheld pyrometer devices are often marketed as infrared thermometers .   Radiometry is important in astronomy , especially radio astronomy , and plays a significant role in Earth remote sensing . The measurement techniques categorized as radiometry in optics are called photometry in some astronomical applications , contrary to the optics usage of the term .   Spectroradiometry is the measurement of absolute radiometric quantities in narrow bands of wavelength .

Kosmos 1966 ( Космос 1966 meaning Cosmos 1966 ) is a Soviet US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1988 as part of the Soviet military 's Oko programme . The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors .   Kosmos 1966 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Russian SSR . A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 14:14 UTC on 30 August 1988 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 1988-076A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 19445 .   It re-entered the Earth 's atmosphere on 10 November 2005 .

Reporters Without Borders ( RWB ) , or Reporters Sans Frontières ( RSF ) , is an international non-profit , non-governmental organization that promotes and defends freedom of information and freedom of the press . The organization , with a head office in Paris , France , has consultant status at the United Nations .   Reporters Without Borders has two primary spheres of activity : one is focused on Internet censorship and the new media , and the other on providing material , financial and psychological assistance to journalists assigned to dangerous areas . Its missions are to :  continuously monitor attacks on freedom of information worldwide ;  denounce any such attacks in the media ;  act in cooperation with governments to fight censorship and laws aimed at restricting freedom of information ;  morally and financially assist persecuted journalists , as well as their families ; and  offer material assistance to war correspondents in order to enhance their safety .

The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon ( Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Salomonici ) , also known as the Order of Solomon 's Temple , the Knights Templar , or simply as Templars , was a Catholic military order recognised in 1139 by papal bull Omne Datum Optimum of the Holy See . The order was founded in 1119 and active from about 1129 to 1312 .   The order , which was among the wealthiest and most powerful , became a favoured charity throughout Christendom and grew rapidly in membership and power . They were prominent in Christian finance . Templar knights , in their distinctive white mantles with a red cross , were among the most skilled fighting units of the Crusades . Non-combatant members of the order managed a large economic infrastructure throughout Christendom , developing innovative financial techniques that were an early form of banking , and building fortifications across Europe and the Holy Land .   The Templars were closely tied to the Crusades ; when the Holy Land was lost , support for the order faded . Rumours about the Templars ' secret initiation ceremony created distrust , and King Philip IV of France -- deeply in debt to the order -- took advantage of the situation to gain control over them . In 1307 , he had many of the order 's members in France arrested , tortured into giving false confessions , and burned at the stake . Pope Clement V disbanded the order in 1312 under pressure from King Philip .   The abrupt reduction in power of a significant group in European society gave rise to speculation , legend , and legacy through the ages . The appropriation of their name by later organizations has kept the name `` Templar '' alive to the present day , while helping to obscure its origin .

Kosmos 356 ( Космос 356 meaning Cosmos 356 ) , also known as DS-U2-MG No. 2 , was a Soviet satellite which was launched in 1970 as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik programme . It was a 357 kg spacecraft , which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau , and was used to investigate the magnetic poles of the Earth .

Kosmos 2422 ( Космос 2422 meaning Cosmos 2422 ) is a Russian US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 2006 as part of the Russian Space Forces ' Oko programme . The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors .   Kosmos 2422 was launched from Site 16/2 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia . A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 04:20 UTC on 21 July 2006 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 2006-030A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 29260 .

David Robert Jones ( 8 January 1947 -- 10 January 2016 ) , known professionally as David Bowie ( -LSB- ˈboʊi -RSB- ) , was an English singer , songwriter and actor . He was a figure in popular music for over five decades , becoming acclaimed by critics and other musicians for his innovative work . His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation , his music and stagecraft significantly influencing popular music . During his lifetime , his record sales , estimated at 140 million worldwide , made him one of the world 's best-selling music artists . In the UK , he was awarded nine platinum album certifications , eleven gold and eight silver , releasing eleven number-one albums . In the US , he received five platinum and seven gold certifications . He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 .   Born in Brixton , South London , Bowie developed an interest in music as a child , eventually studying art , music and design before embarking on a professional career as a musician in 1963 . `` Space Oddity '' became his first top-five entry on the UK Singles Chart after its release in July 1969 . After a period of experimentation , he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with his flamboyant and androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust . The character was spearheaded by the success of his single `` Starman '' and album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars , which won him widespread popularity . In 1975 , Bowie 's style shifted radically towards a sound he characterised as `` plastic soul '' , initially alienating many of his UK devotees but garnering him his first major US crossover success with the number-one single `` Fame '' and the album Young Americans . In 1976 , Bowie starred in the cult film The Man Who Fell to Earth and released Station to Station . The following year , he further confounded musical expectations with the electronic-inflected album Low ( 1977 ) , the first of three collaborations with Brian Eno that would come to be known as the `` Berlin Trilogy '' . `` Heroes '' ( 1977 ) and Lodger ( 1979 ) followed ; each album reached the UK top five and received lasting critical praise .   After uneven commercial success in the late 1970s , Bowie had UK number ones with the 1980 single `` Ashes to Ashes '' , its parent album Scary Monsters and Super Creeps , and `` Under Pressure '' , a 1981 collaboration with Queen . He then reached his commercial peak in 1983 with Let 's Dance , with its title track topping both UK and US charts . Throughout the 1990s and 2000s , Bowie continued to experiment with musical styles , including industrial and jungle . He also continued acting ; his roles included Major Celliers in Merry Christmas , Mr. Lawrence ( 1983 ) , the Goblin King Jareth in Labyrinth ( 1986 ) , Pontius Pilate in The Last Temptation of Christ ( 1988 ) , and Nikola Tesla in The Prestige ( 2006 ) , among other film and television appearances and cameos . He stopped concert touring after 2004 , and his last live performance was at a charity event in 2006 . In 2013 , Bowie returned from a decade-long recording hiatus with the release of The Next Day . He remained musically active until he died of liver cancer two days after the release of his final album , Blackstar ( 2016 ) .

Korabl-Sputnik 1 ( Корабль Спутник 1 meaning Ship Satellite 1 ) , also known as Sputnik 4 in the West , was the first test flight of the Soviet Vostok programme , and the first Vostok spacecraft . It was launched on May 15 , 1960 . Though Korabl-Sputnik 1 was unmanned , it was a precursor to the first human spaceflight , Vostok 1 . A bug in the guidance system had pointed the capsule in the wrong direction , so instead of dropping into the atmosphere the satellite moved into a higher orbit . The descent module re-entered the atmosphere on September 1 , 1962 . A piece was found in the middle of North 8th Street in Manitowoc , Wisconsin in the northern United States .   This spacecraft , the first of a series of spacecraft used to investigate the means for manned space flight , contained scientific instruments , a television system , and a self-sustaining biological cabin with a dummy of a man . The spacecraft was designed to study the operation of the life support system and the stresses of flight . The spacecraft radioed both extensive telemetry and prerecorded voice communications . After four days of flight , the descent module was separated from its equipment module and retrorockets were fired , but because of an incorrect attitude the spacecraft did not reenter the atmosphere as planned . The descent module re-entered the atmosphere on September 5 , 1962 , while the equipment module re-entered on October 15 , 1965 .   Giovanni Battista Judica Cordiglia , who set up his own amateur listening station at Torre Bert near Turin , is reported to claim that radio signals were received on November 28 , 1960 which could have originated from this spacecraft ; the spacecraft is known to have radioed prerecorded voice communications . It has led some to believe a conspiracy theory that the spacecraft may have been manned by the Lost Cosmonauts .

The Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais ( National Laboratory of Metrology and Testing ) is a French reference laboratory responsible for carrying out measurement and testing products of all kinds for their certification for placing them on the market . It also coordinates metrology activities in France . It was previously known as the Laboratoire national d'essais ( LNE ) , and still uses those initials .   Originally established in 1901 , it is now a state-owned enterprise , and operates as an Établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial , a French type of state-controlled entities of an industrial or commercial nature .   Its headquarters is located in the 15th arrondissement of Paris .

Kosmos 2063 ( Космос 2063 meaning Cosmos 2063 ) is a Russian US-K missile early warning satellite which was launched in 1990 as part of the Russian Space Forces ' Oko programme . The satellite is designed to identify missile launches using optical telescopes and infrared sensors .   Kosmos 2063 was launched from Site 43/3 at Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia . A Molniya-M carrier rocket with a 2BL upper stage was used to perform the launch , which took place at 16:40 UTC on 27 March 1990 . The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit . It subsequently received its Kosmos designation , and the international designator 1990-026A . The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 20536 .