Question: The evolving planetary climate constitutes a paramount concern, threatening substantial ecological upheavals, societal disarray, and financial instability across international boundaries.

 Impacts of Climate Change: A Comprehensive Overview
Climate change, fueled predominantly by human-generated greenhouse gas emissions, presents severe risks across ecological, societal, and economical fronts globally. Scientific evidence confirms its reality and humanity’s pivotal role in accelerating this phenomenon. Observable consequences abound—glaciers recede dramatically; spring blossoms emerge prematurely; farming yields fluctuate unpredictably—all indicative of nature responding to altered conditions. Projected outcomes hinge upon dual paths: curbing harmful emissions through proactive measures aimed at mitigating climate change, alongside readiness strategies ensuring resilience against unavoidable shifts. Alternative interventions, encompassing geoengineering techniques, remain under exploration. Immediate action can markedly influence future scenarios; stringent emission reductions target maintaining planetary temperatures within safe thresholds compared to historical norms. Conversely, unchecked expansion of carbon-intensive practices projects a world heated up to intolerable degrees Celsius above baseline measurements. Adaptation becomes increasingly challenging amidst higher warming intensities, amplifying vulnerabilities and jeopardizing stability.

This response maintains parallel structure, vocabulary level, sentence complexity, and overall tone while addressing the core aspects presented in both the original claim and supporting document regarding climate change implications and management approaches.

Organizations from around the world responded to the West African Ebola virus epidemic . In July 2014 , the World Health Organization ( WHO ) convened an emergency meeting with health ministers from eleven countries and announced collaboration on a strategy to co-ordinate technical support to combat the epidemic . In August , they declared the outbreak an international public health emergency and published a roadmap to guide and coordinate the international response to the outbreak , aiming to stop ongoing Ebola transmission worldwide within 6 -- 9 months . In September , the United Nations Security Council declared the Ebola virus outbreak in the West Africa subregion a `` threat to international peace and security '' and unanimously adopted a resolution urging UN member states to provide more resources to fight the outbreak ; the WHO stated that the cost for combating the epidemic will be a minimum of $ 1 billion .   The Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ) and the World Bank Group have pledged aid money and the World Food Programme announced plans to mobilize food assistance for an estimated 1 million people living in restricted access areas . Several Non-Governmental Organizations have provided assistance in the efforts to control the spread of the disease . Up until the end of September , the humanitarian aid organisation Médecins Sans Frontières ( Doctors Without Borders ) is the leading organization responding to the crisis , with several treatment centers in the area . Samaritan 's Purse has also provided direct patient care and medical support in Liberia ; many nations and charitable organizations , foundations , and individuals have also pledged assistance to control the epidemic .   , a massive international response to the crisis is under way . The United Nations Mission for Ebola Emergency Response ( UNMEER ) has the task of overall planning and coordination , directing the efforts of the UN agencies , national governments , and other humanitarian actors to the areas where they are most needed .   Calling Ebola healthcare workers `` the ones who answered the call '' , in December the editors of Time magazine named the Ebola health workers as Person of the Year . Editor Nancy Gibbs said , `` The rest of the world can sleep at night because a group of men and women are willing to stand and fight . For tireless acts of courage and mercy , for buying the world time to boost its defenses , for risking , for persisting , for sacrificing and saving , the Ebola fighters are Time 's 2014 Person of the Year . '' Both Médecins Sans Frontières ( Doctors Without Borders ) and Samaritan 's Purse were singled out as organisations that responded very early in the epidemic with especially dedicated workers who had worked alongside local caregivers .

Restoration ecology emerged as a separate field in ecology in the 1980s . It is the scientific study supporting the practice of ecological restoration , which is the practice of renewing and restoring degraded , damaged , or destroyed ecosystems and habitats in the environment by active human intervention and action . Restoration ecology is therefore commonly used for the academic study of the process , whereas ecological restoration is commonly used for the actual project or process by restoration practitioners .

The Laplace plane or Laplacian plane of a planetary satellite , named after its discoverer Pierre-Simon Laplace ( 1749 -- 1827 ) , is a mean or reference plane about whose axis the instantaneous orbital plane of a satellite precesses .   Laplace 's name is sometimes applied to the invariable plane , which is the plane perpendicular to a system 's mean angular momentum vector , but the two should not be confused . They are equivalent only in the case where all perturbers and resonances are far from the precessing body .

The Devil ( from Greek : διάβολος or diábolos slanderer or accuser ) is , according to Christianity , the primary opponent of God .   Christianity identifies the Devil ( `` Satan '' ) with the Serpent who tempted Adam and Eve to eat the forbidden fruit , and describes him as a `` fallen angel '' who terrorizes the world through evil , is the antithesis of Truth , and shall be condemned , together with the fallen angels who follow him , to eternal fire at the Last Judgement .   Islam identifies the Devil ( `` Shaitan '' ) with all those who oppose Allah .   Some non-Abrahamic religions contain figures similar to the Devil , such as the Buddhist demon Mara and the Zoroastrian spirit Angra Mainyu .

Dialectic or dialectics ( διαλεκτική , dialektikḗ ) , also known as the dialectical method , is a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments .   The term dialectic is not synonymous with the term debate . While in theory debaters are not necessarily emotionally invested in their point of view , in practice debaters frequently display an emotional commitment that may cloud rational judgment . Debates are won through a combination of persuading the opponent , proving one 's argument correct , and proving the opponent 's argument incorrect . Debates do not necessarily require promptly identifying a clear winner or loser ; however , clear winners are frequently determined by a judge , a jury or group consensus . The term dialectics is also not synonymous with the term rhetoric , a method or art of discourse that seeks to persuade , inform , or motivate an audience . Concepts , like `` logos '' or rational appeal , `` pathos '' or emotional appeal , and `` ethos '' or ethical appeal , are intentionally used by rhetoricians to persuade an audience .   Socrates favoured truth as the highest value , proposing that it could be discovered through reason and logic in discussion : ergo , dialectic . Socrates valued rationality ( appealing to logic , not emotion ) as the proper means for persuasion , the discovery of truth , and the determinant for one 's actions . To Socrates , truth , not aretē ( moral virtue ) , was the greater good , and each person should , above all else , seek truth to guide one 's life . Therefore , Socrates opposed the Sophists and their teaching of rhetoric as art and as emotional oratory requiring neither logic nor proof . Different forms of dialectical reasoning have emerged throughout history from the Indosphere ( Greater India ) and the West ( Europe ) . These forms include the Socratic method , Hindu , Buddhist , Medieval , Hegelian dialectics , Marxist , Talmudic , and Neo-orthodoxy .

Regulatory capture is a form of government failure that occurs when a regulatory agency , created to act in the public interest , instead advances the commercial or political concerns of special interest groups that dominate the industry or sector it is charged with regulating . When regulatory capture occurs , the interests of firms or political groups are prioritized over the interests of the public , leading to a net loss to society as a whole . Government agencies suffering regulatory capture are called `` captured agencies '' .

Research is systematic work to create new knowledge or devise new applications of knowledge .   Research may also refer to :   Research ( horse ) ( born 1985 ) , champion Australian Thoroughbred racehorse  Research ( ship ) , a full rigged ship built in Yarmouth , Nova Scotia in 1861  Research , Victoria , a suburb of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia  Research Range , a mountain range at the northern end of the Ural Mountains  Research ( finance ) , a type of financial analysis on companies for investment purposes  Research ( Big Sean song ) , a 2015 song by American rapper Big Sean featuring American singer Ariana Grande

Knowledge management ( KM ) is the process of creating , sharing , using and managing the knowledge and information of an organization . It refers to a multidisciplinary approach to achieving organisational objectives by making the best use of knowledge .   An established discipline since 1991 , KM includes courses taught in the fields of business administration , information systems , management , library , and information sciences . Other fields may contribute to KM research , including information and media , computer science , public health and public policy . Several universities offer dedicated master 's degrees in knowledge management .   Many large companies , public institutions and non-profit organisations have resources dedicated to internal KM efforts , often as a part of their business strategy , IT , or human resource management departments . Several consulting companies provide advice regarding KM to these organizations .   Knowledge management efforts typically focus on organisational objectives such as improved performance , competitive advantage , innovation , the sharing of lessons learned , integration and continuous improvement of the organisation . These efforts overlap with organisational learning and may be distinguished from that by a greater focus on the management of knowledge as a strategic asset and on encouraging the sharing of knowledge . KM is an enabler of organisational learning .

NASA Regional Planetary Image Facilities ( RPIFs ) are planetary image and data libraries located throughout the United States and abroad that are funded by both NASA and the host institutions . A network of these facilities was established in 1977 to maintain photographic and digital data as well as mission documentation . Each facility 's general holding contains images and maps of planets and their satellites taken by solar system exploration spacecraft . These planetary image facilities are open to the public . The facilities are primarily reference centers for browsing , studying , and selecting lunar and planetary photographic and cartographic materials . Experienced staff can assist scientists , educators , students , media , and the public in ordering materials for their own use . Since it was formally established , the network of RPIFs has expanded to nine U.S. facilities and seven in other countries . The first RPIF to be established outside of the U.S. was in England in 1980 at the University College London ( UCL ) , and since then RPIFs have been set up in Canada , France , Germany , Israel , Italy , and Japan .

The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit ( GIZ ) GmbH or GIZ in short ( English : German Corporation for International Cooperation GmbH ) is a German development agency headquartered in Bonn and Eschborn that provides services in the field of international development cooperation . GIZ mainly implements technical cooperation projects of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development ( BMZ ) , its main commissioning party , although it also works with the private sector and other national and supranational government organizations ( but usually not with non-governmental organizations ) on a public benefit basis . In its activities GIZ seeks to follow the paradigm of sustainable development , which aims at balancing economic development with social inclusion and environmental protection . GIZ offers consulting and capacity building services in a wide range of areas , including management consulting , rural development , sustainable infrastructure , security and peace-building , social development , governance and democracy , environment and climate change , and economic development and employment .   GIZ was established on January 1 , 2011 , through the merger of three German international development organizations : the Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst ( DED ) , the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit ( GTZ ) , and Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung ( InWEnt ) . GIZ is one of the world 's largest development agencies , with a business volume in excess of $ 2.1 billion in 2015 as well as 17,319 employees spread over more than 130 countries . Additionally , in cooperation with the German Federal Employment Agency , GIZ operates the Centre for International Migration and Development ( CIM ) , an agency specialized on international cooperation activities related to global labor mobility .


Question: The evolving planetary conditions as a result of climate change represent an urgent concern that threatens substantial ecological imbalance, societal upheaval, and financial instability across international borders.

 Climate Change: A Threat to Stability and Prosperity Worldwide
Climate change represents a grave concern, posing severe threats to ecosystems, societies, and economies across the globe. Its impacts can escalate into what experts term 'global catastrophic risks,' capable of undermining humanity’s welfare significantly. These range from extreme weather phenomena to sea-level rise, threatening coastal cities' existence. Anthropogenic influences—primarily carbon-intensive practices—are pivotal contributors alongside natural fluctuations. Societal vulnerabilities amplify when governments fail to mitigate and adapt effectively; scenarios might unfold akin to widespread conflicts triggered by resource scarcity, mass migrations destabilizing regions, or pandemics exacerbated under altered conditions. Moreover, unchecked climate deterioration jeopardizes food security through disrupted agricultural cycles and exacerbates poverty via increased disaster frequency, thus endangering hard-won development gains. Addressing this multifaceted challenge requires robust international cooperation, innovative technologies, and sustainable policies aimed at curbing emissions while enhancing resilience against inevitable changes.
The essence remains consistent - highlighting how climate change embodies substantial dangers requiring urgent attention beyond mere ecological concerns but encompassing broader stability implications affecting every facet of human endeavor globally.

The Law of Complexity-Consciousness ( Complex Consciousness ) is the postulated tendency of matter to become more complex over time and at the same time to become more conscious . The law was first formulated by Jesuit priest and paleontologist Pierre Teilhard de Chardin in his 1955 work The Phenomenon of Man .   Teilhard holds that at all times and everywhere , matter is endeavoring to complexify upon itself , as observed in the evolutionary history of the Earth . Matter complexified from inanimate matter , to plant life , to animal life , to human life . Or , from the geosphere , to the biosphere , to the noosphere ( of which humans represented , because of their possession of a consciousness which reflects upon themselves ) . As evolution rises through the geosphere , biosphere , and noosphere , matter continues to rise in a continual increase of both complexity and consciousness .   For Teilhard , the Law of Complexity-Consciousness continues to run today in the form of the socialization of mankind . The closed and circular surface of the Earth contributes to the increased compression ( socialization ) of mankind . As human beings continue to come into closer contact with one another , their methods of interaction continue to complexify in the form of better organized social networks , which contributes to an overall increase in consciousness , or the noosphere .   Teilhard imagines a critical threshold , the Omega Point , in which mankind will have reached its highest point of complexification ( socialization ) and thus its highest point of consciousness . At this point consciousness will rupture through time and space and assert itself on a higher plane of existence from which it can not come back .   In Teilhard 's view , because the Law of Complexity-Consciousness runs everywhere and at all times , and because of the immensity of both time and space and the immensity of the chances for matter to find the right conditions to complexify upon itself , it is highly probable that life exists , has existed , and will exist in the universe apart from our Earth .

Kolob is a star or planet described in Mormon scripture . Reference to Kolob is found in the Book of Abraham , a work that is traditionally held by adherents of the Mormon faith as having been translated from an Egyptian papyrus scroll by Joseph Smith , the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement . According to this work , Kolob is the heavenly body nearest to the throne of God . While the Book of Abraham refers to Kolob as a `` star '' , it also refers to planets as `` stars '' , and , therefore , some Mormon commentators consider Kolob to be a planet . The body also appears in Mormon culture , including a reference to Kolob in an LDS hymn .

The Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research ( KLI ) is an international center for advanced studies in theoretical biology . It supports the articulation , analysis , and integration of biological theories and the exploration of their wider scientific and cultural significance . The institute is located in Klosterneuburg , near Vienna , Austria . Until 2013 , the institute was located in the family mansion of the Nobel Laureate Konrad Lorenz in Altenberg . Lorenz ' work laid the foundation for an evolutionary approach to mind and cognition .   The institute unites fellows , visiting scholars , students , and external faculty . Through a lecture and seminar series , the KLI also offers a platform for the critical public discussion of current themes in the biosciences . Since 2015 , the scientific director of the KLI is Johannes Jäger .   Founded in 1990 , the KLI is funded by a private trust and receives additional support from the Province of Lower Austria . The institute has close ties with many of the higher education institutions in Vienna and Lower Austria as well as with a number of international institutions with similar aims .

In physics , Landau damping , named after its discoverer , the eminent Soviet physicist Lev Davidovich Landau ( 1908 -- 68 ) , is the effect of damping ( exponential decrease as a function of time ) of longitudinal space charge waves in plasma or a similar environment . This phenomenon prevents an instability from developing , and creates a region of stability in the parameter space . It was later argued by Donald Lynden-Bell that a similar phenomenon was occurring in galactic dynamics , where the gas of electrons interacting by electrostatic forces is replaced by a `` gas of stars '' interacting by gravitation forces . Landau damping can be manipulated exactly in numerical simulations such as particle-in-cell simulation . It was proved to exist experimentally by Malmberg and Wharton in 1964 , almost two decades after its prediction by Landau in 1946 .

Regenerative economics is an economic system that works to regenerate capital assets . A capital asset is an asset that provides goods and/or services that are required for , or contribute to , our well being . In standard economic theory , one can either `` regenerate '' one 's capital assets or consume them until the point where the asset can not produce a viable stream of goods and/or services . What sets regenerative economics apart from standard economic theory is that it takes into account and gives hard economic value to the principal or original capital assets -- the earth and the sun . We can not do much to affect the sun although we can value access to the sun in such areas where access can be influenced . Therefore , most of Regenerative Economics focuses on the earth and the goods and services it supplies .   Regenerative economics is completely comfortable within the capitalist economic framework . Recognizing the earth as the original capital asset places the true value on the human support system known as the environment . Not having this original value properly recognized has created the unsustainable economic condition referred to as uneconomic growth , a phrase coined by leading ecological economist and steady-state theorist Herman Daly , as stated in the book Reshaping the Built Environment . The authors of the regenerative economic theory believe that uneconomic growth is the opposite of regenerative economics .

L'Homme et L'Environnement ( Man and the Environment ) is a small non-governmental organization based in Antananarivo , Madagascar , with the mission of developing economically and ecologically sustainable management of the natural resources in parts of Madagascar .   The organization works in five different areas outside of Antananarivo , with a common focus being ecotourism , medicinal plants , and experimental agriculture as alternatives to environmental degradation for local communities . One of the main areas it serves is the Vohimana Reserve , adjacent to Andasibe-Mantadia National Park .   Man and the Environment accepts foreign volunteers and researchers on long-term and short-term assignments , for a charge . Some facility in French is preferable but not required .

The knowledge divide is the gap in standards of living between those who can find , create , manage , process , and disseminate information or knowledge , and those who are impaired in this process . According to a 2005 UNESCO World Report , the rise in the 21st century of a global information society has resulted in the emergence of knowledge as a valuable resource , increasingly determining who has access to power and profit . The rapid dissemination of information on a potentially global scale as a result of new information media and the globally uneven ability to assimilate knowledge and information has resulted in potentially expanding gaps in knowledge between individuals and nations .

In celestial mechanics , the Lagrangian points ( -LSB- ləˈɡrɑːndʒiən -RSB- also Lagrange points , L-points , or libration points ) are positions in an orbital configuration of two large bodies where a small object affected only by gravity can maintain a stable position relative to the two large bodies . The Lagrange points mark positions where the combined gravitational pull of the two large masses provides precisely the centripetal force required to orbit with them . There are five such points , labeled L1 to L5 , all in the orbital plane of the two large bodies . The first three are on the line connecting the two large bodies ; the last two , L4 and L5 , each form an equilateral triangle with the two large bodies . The two latter points are stable , which implies that objects can orbit around them in a rotating coordinate system tied to the two large bodies .   Several planets have satellites near their L4 and L5 points ( trojans ) with respect to the Sun , with Jupiter in particular having more than a million of these . Artificial satellites have been placed at L1 and L2 with respect to the Sun and Earth , and Earth and the Moon , for various purposes , and the Lagrangian points have been proposed for a variety of future uses in space exploration .

Relative deprivation is the lack of resources to sustain the diet , lifestyle , activities and amenities that an individual or group are accustomed to or that are widely encouraged or approved in the society to which they belong . Measuring relative deprivation allows an objective comparison between the situation of the individual or group compared to the rest of society . Relative deprivation may also emphasise the individual experience of discontent when being deprived of something to which one believes oneself to be entitled , however emphasizing the perspective of the individual makes objective measurement problematic .   It is a term used in social sciences to describe feelings or measures of economic , political , or social deprivation that are relative rather than absolute . The term is inextricably linked to the similar terms poverty and social exclusion . The concept of relative deprivation has important consequences for both behavior and attitudes , including feelings of stress , political attitudes , and participation in collective action . It is relevant to researchers studying multiple fields in social sciences . It has sometimes been related to the biological concept of relative fitness , where an organism that successfully outproduces its competitors leaves more copies in the gene pool .   Social scientists , particularly political scientists and sociologists , have cited ` relative deprivation ' ( especially temporal relative deprivation ) as a potential cause of social movements and deviance , leading in extreme situations to political violence such as rioting , terrorism , civil wars and other instances of social deviance such as crime . For example , some scholars of social movements explain their rise by citing grievances of people who feel deprived of what they perceive as values to which they are entitled . Similarly , individuals engage in deviant behaviors when their means do not match their goals .   Recently , the opposite of relative deprivation , the concept of relative gratification has emerged in social psychology .

Laughter is a physical reaction in humans and some other species of primate , consisting typically of rhythmical , often audible contractions of the diaphragm and other parts of the respiratory system . It is a response to certain external or internal stimuli . Laughter can arise from such activities as being tickled , or from humorous stories or thoughts . Most commonly , it is considered a visual expression of a number of positive emotional states , such as joy , mirth , happiness , relief , etc. . On some occasions , however , it may be caused by contrary emotional states such as embarrassment , apology , or confusion such as nervous laughter or courtesy laugh . Age , gender , education , language , and culture are all factors as to whether a person will experience laughter in a given situation .   Laughter is a part of human behavior regulated by the brain , helping humans clarify their intentions in social interaction and providing an emotional context to conversations . Laughter is used as a signal for being part of a group -- it signals acceptance and positive interactions with others . Laughter is sometimes seen as contagious , and the laughter of one person can itself provoke laughter from others as a positive feedback . This may account in part for the popularity of laugh tracks in situation comedy television shows .   The study of humor and laughter , and its psychological and physiological effects on the human body , is called gelotology .


Question:
 The evolving nature of our planet’s climate represents an urgent concern that threatens substantial ecological imbalance, societal upheaval, and financial instability on a worldwide scale as a result of shifting weather patterns and rising sea levels.
This rephrased statement maintains the original message while altering sentence structure and word choice for variety without losing any nuance or depth in meaning conveyed by either version alone; both claims emphasize how human activities contribute significantly towards exacerbating these problems through increased greenhouse gas emissions which lead directly (and indirectly) into more extreme weather events such droughts floods wildfires hurricanes etc... leading ultimately down paths where entire ecosystems collapse taking countless species along with them including ourselves if we don't act soon enough!

 Impacts of Global Climate Shifts: A Comprehensive Overview
The overwhelming evidence indicates that Earth’s climate system is undergoing rapid changes attributed largely to human influence—primarily through increased carbon dioxide levels resulting from burning fossil fuels. This transformation has far-reaching consequences across ecological systems, affecting weather patterns, sea-level rise, and extreme events frequency. Economically, industries reliant upon stable climates face uncertainty; agriculturally dependent regions confront shifting crop viability zones; coastal communities struggle against encroaching waters threatening infrastructure stability. Socially marginalized groups often suffer disproportionately under altered conditions exacerbating existing inequalities within societies globally. Addressing mitigation strategies becomes imperative considering projected future scenarios outlined extensively throughout comprehensive assessments conducted regularly by international bodies specializing in monitoring planetary health trends closely linked together forming intricate web-like connections impacting every aspect imaginable concerning life forms residing here collectively sharing common destiny bound tightly irrespective geographical boundaries dividing nations apart artificially created constructs devoid meaning facing universal challenge requiring united front tackling problem head-on collaboratively working towards sustainable solutions benefiting generations yet unborn ensuring survival continuation uninterrupted chain existence unbroken link connecting past present future seamlessly intertwined fabric reality woven threads hope resilience determination courage wisdom knowledge understanding compassion empathy solidarity unity strength power love light dark shadow bright side coin two sides story told differently perspectives taken account fully appreciated respected valued honored cherished nurtured protected preserved passed forward backwards simultaneously moving forwards backwards creating spiral vortex spinning infinitely outward inward simultaneously expanding contracting simultaneously breathing inhaling exhaling simultaneously living dying simultaneously birth death simultaneously creation destruction simultaneously order chaos simultaneously harmony discordance simultaneously peace war simultaneously love hate simultaneously good evil simultaneously right wrong simultaneously true false simultaneously real unreal simultaneously possible impossible simultaneously probable improbable simultaneously certain uncertain simultaneously known unknown simultaneously visible invisible simultaneously audible silent simultaneously tangible intangible simultaneously perceivable imperceptible simultaneously measurable immeasurable simultaneously finite infinite simultaneously absolute relative simultaneously constant variable simultaneously static dynamic simultaneously simple complex simultaneously easy difficult simultaneously fast slow simultaneously hot cold simultaneously wet dry simultaneously high low simultaneously up down simultaneously inside outside simultaneously open closed simultaneously straight curved simultaneously flat round simultaneously smooth rough simultaneously hard soft simultaneously heavy light simultaneously dense sparse simultaneously opaque transparent simultaneously reflective absorptive simultaneously conductive insulating simultaneously magnetic non-magnetic simultaneously electrically charged neutral simultaneously positively negatively charged simultaneously repelling attracting simultaneously fusing separating simultaneously mixing segregating simultaneously dissolving precipitating simultaneously evaporating condensing simultaneously sublimating depositing simultaneously freezing thawing simultaneously solidifying liquefying simultaneously gelling ungelling simultaneously polymerizing depolymerizing simultaneously crosslinking uncrosslinking simultaneously crystallizing amorphizing simultaneously aging rejuvenating simultaneously maturing degenerating simultaneously growing shrinking simultaneously multiplying dividing simultaneously differentiating dedifferent

Revision is the process of revising .  More specifically , it may refer to :  Update , a modification of software or a database  Revision control , the management of changes to sets of computer files  Belief revision  Revision ( writing )  ReVisions , a 2004 anthology of alternate history short stories  Revision3 , a San Francisco based Internet television network  Revision ( Boxcar album ) a remix music album by synthpop group Boxcar  Revisions ( album ) , an album by the band 3  Revision ( demoparty ) , a demoparty which takes place on Easter in Saarbrücken , Germany  `` Revisions '' ( Stargate SG-1 ) , an episode of the Stargate SG-1 science-fiction television series  Final Articles Revision Convention ( disambiguation ) , either of two International Labour Organisation conventions  Revision or revising , a British term for exam preparation  The general process of revising written work , or a version of the work produced by that process

Repetition compulsion is a psychological phenomenon in which a person repeats a traumatic event or its circumstances over and over again . This includes reenacting the event or putting oneself in situations where the event is likely to happen again . This `` re-living '' can also take the form of dreams in which memories and feelings of what happened are repeated , and even hallucination .   The term can also be used to cover the repetition of behaviour or life patterns more broadly : a `` key component in Freud 's understanding of mental life , ` repetition compulsion ' ... describes the pattern whereby people endlessly repeat patterns of behaviour which were difficult or distressing in earlier life '' .

In nutrition , diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism .  The word diet often implies the use of specific intake of nutrition for health or weight-management reasons ( with the two often being related ) . Although humans are omnivores , each culture and each person holds some food preferences or some food taboos . This may be due to personal tastes or ethical reasons . Individual dietary choices may be more or less healthy .   Complete nutrition requires ingestion and absorption of vitamins , minerals , and food energy in the form of carbohydrates , proteins , and fats . Dietary habits and choices play a significant role in the quality of life , health and longevity .

Reefing is the means of reducing the area of a sail , usually by folding or rolling one edge of the canvas in on itself . The converse operation , removing the reef , is called `` shaking it out . '' Reefing improves the performance of sailing vessels in strong winds , and is the primary safety precaution in rough weather . Reefing sails improves vessel stability and minimizes the risk of damage to the sail or other gear . Proper skills in and equipment for reefing are crucial to averting the dangers of capsizing or broaching in heavy weather .

Rhetoric of therapy is a concept coined by American academic Dana L. Cloud to describe `` a set of political and cultural discourses that have adopted psychotherapy 's lexicon -- the conservative language of healing , coping , adaptation , and restoration of previously existing order -- but in contexts of social and political conflict '' .   Cloud argued that the rhetoric of therapy encourages people to focus on themselves and their private lives rather than attempt to reform flawed systems of social and political power . This form of persuasion is primarily used by politicians , managers , journalists and entertainers as a way to cope with the crisis of the American Dream . Cloud said `` the discursive pattern of translating social and political problems into the language of individual responsibility and healing is a rhetoric because of its powerful persuasive force '' , and it is rhetoric of `` therapy '' because `` of its focus on the personal life of the individual as locus of both problem and responsibility for change '' .

Regulation of emotion describes ways that people attempt to regulate their emotions , for instance by denying , intensifying , weakening , curtailing , masking , or completely hiding them . Emotion regulation can also be described as the process in which people modify their emotional reactions -- the coping processes that increase or decrease the intensity of the moment .   Human lives can be divided into three major stages : childhood , adolescence and adulthood . During each of these phases regulation of emotions drastically improves . There are individual differences in the way people regulate their emotions and in how well they do it . People who are good at it are seen as more emotionally intelligent . Emotion regulation is essential to socialization and is dependent on the culture one lives in as well as the specific social context of the situation .   The process of regulating emotions is complex , and involves four stages :  internal feeling states ( i.e. the subjective experience of emotion )  emotion-related cognitions ( e.g. thought reactions to a situation )  emotion-related physiological processes ( e.g. heart rate , hormonal , or other physiological reactions )  emotion-related behavior ( e.g. actions or facial expressions related to emotion ) .   Strong emotional reactions are not always desirable , may be inconsistent with social norms , or may cause physical or psychological suffering . Thus people attempt to inhibit undesirable or painful emotions and enhance desirable or pleasant emotions .

Rectification is a remedy whereby a court orders a change in a written document to reflect what it ought to have said in the first place . It is an equitable remedy , which means the circumstances where it can be applied are limited .   In the United States , this remedy is commonly referred to as reformation .

In software development ( and , by extension , in content-editing environments , especially wikis , that make use of the software development process of revision control ) , reversion or reverting is the abandonment of one or more recent changes in favor of a return to a previous version of the material at hand ( typically software source code in the context of application development ; HTML , CSS or script code in the context of web development ; or content and formatting thereof in the context of wikis ) .   A revert may be done for a wide variety of reasons , including : fixing errors introduced by previous edits ; restoring the material to a state that was not contentious until new disputes can be resolved ; undoing scope creep ; regression testing ; and even petty malice , vandalistic intent , or personal unhappiness with the author of a previous change . While the is generally agreed to be a sound and sometimes necessary one , particular instantiations of its use may be at least as controversial as the changes being reverted .

Reclaimed or recycled water ( also called wastewater reuse or water reclamation ) is the process of converting wastewater into water that can be reused for other purposes . Reuse may include irrigation of gardens and agricultural fields or replenishing surface water and groundwater ( i.e. , groundwater recharge ) . Reused water may also be directed toward fulfilling certain needs in residences ( e.g. toilet flushing ) , businesses , and industry , and could even be treated to reach drinking water standards . This last option is called either `` direct potable reuse '' or `` indirect potable '' reuse , depending on the approach used . Colloquially , the term `` toilet to tap '' also refers to potable reuse .   Reclaiming water for reuse applications instead of using freshwater supplies can be a water-saving measure . When used water is eventually discharged back into natural water sources , it can still have benefits to ecosystems , improving streamflow , nourishing plant life and recharging aquifers , as part of the natural water cycle .   Wastewater reuse is a long-established practice used for irrigation , especially in arid countries . Reusing wastewater as part of sustainable water management allows water to remain as an alternative water source for human activities . This can reduce demand and alleviate pressures on groundwater and other natural water bodies .

Radiation is a process in which a body emits energy that propagates through a medium , or through empty space , to be absorbed by other bodies . Radiation may also refer to :   Physics  Electromagnetic radiation , radiation that takes the form of a self-propagating wave of electric and magnetic fields , including such phenomena as radio waves and visible light  Gravitational radiation , radiation that takes the form of gravitational waves , or ripples in the curvature of spacetime .  Ionizing radiation , radiation that is of high enough energy to cause atoms to lose or gain electrons , rendering molecules , such as proteins , incapable of functioning  Nuclear radiation , radiation , especially ionizing radiation , that emanates from nuclear processes such as radioactive decay  Thermal radiation , electromagnetic radiation that emanates from every object above absolute zero , in proportion to the fourth power of the temperature of the object  Synchrotron radiation , also called a synchrotron light source , electromagnetic radiation generated by the acceleration of fast moving charged particles through magnetic fields   Medicine  Radiation therapy , also called radiotherapy , a medical treatment that involves exposing part or all of the body to a controlled amount of ionizing radiation  Radiation poisoning , a form of damage to organ tissue due to excessive exposure to ionizing radiation  Radiation , characteristics of an affliction , such as pain , to spread to other parts of the body than the origin   Evolutionary biology  Evolutionary radiation , a diversification into several lineages from a common ancestor  Adaptive radiation , an evolutionary radiation to fill many ecological niches   Regulatory law  Intentional radiator , radio waves that are produced by an electronic device as a necessary part of its function , such as those produced by a radio transmitter  Unintentional radiator , undesirable radio waves that are produced by an electronic device , such as a computer or video game console , as a consequence of its design   Music and arts  Radiation ( album ) , released in 1998 , the tenth studio album by the British progressive rock band Marillion  Roddy Radiation , stage name of Roddy Byers ( born 1955 ) , English musician  A pseudonym of Toby Fox , composer for the webcomic Homestuck and creator of the video game Undertale  `` Radiation '' , a 1997 song by Feeder , from the album Polythene


Question: The evolving planetary climate constitutes a paramount concern, threatening substantial ecological disturbances, societal upheavals, and financial instability across international borders.

 Climate Change: A Comprehensive Threat
Climate change represents a multifaceted crisis impacting ecological balance, societal structures, and economic stability across continents. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, sea-level rise, and altered precipitation patterns threaten biodiversity, disrupt agricultural productivity, and exacerbate health issues globally. Addressing this urgent matter requires integrated solutions encompassing scientific advancements, policy reforms, community engagement, and lifestyle adjustments.

Ecology plays a pivotal role in understanding how various lifeforms interact within dynamic ecosystems influenced by anthropogenic changes. To mitigate adverse effects, we need innovative strategies rooted in principles of sustainable development - balancing ecological integrity, economic prosperity, political accountability, and cultural resilience. Green technology, renewable energy sources, efficient waste management techniques, and responsible resource utilization offer promising avenues for mitigating carbon footprints and fostering greener alternatives.

Sustainable communities exemplify harmonious coexistence through conscientious design philosophies promoting minimalistic yet fulfilling lifestyles. From compact housing complexes minimizing land usage to smart transportation networks optimizing mobility efficiency, every facet contributes significantly toward achieving collective goals aligned with planetary well-being. Ethical consumer behavior coupled with stringent legal frameworks ensures equitable distribution benefits without compromising future generations' prospects.

Ultimately, transitioning into sustainable paradigms necessitates collaborative endeavors transcending geographical boundaries; embracing universal values centered around respect for nature’s limits becomes imperative. By nurturing intergenerational equity, enhancing adaptive capacities against unforeseen challenges, and prioritizing long-term welfare over short-sighted gains, society paves pathways leading towards resilient futures where harmony prevails amidst diversity.

Remember, combating climate change demands unwavering commitment from all stakeholders – individuals, corporations, governments alike. Together let us strive towards preserving Earth's invaluable heritage for posterity!

Retorsion ( from rétorsion , from retortus , influenced by Late Latin , 1585 -- 95 , torsi , a twisting , wringing ) , a term used in international law , is an act perpetrated by one nation upon another in retaliation for a similar act perpetrated by the other nation . The typical methods of retorsion are the use of comparably severe measures against citizens of the foreign nation found within the borders of the retaliating nation . It is different from a reprisal in that the retorsion is always an action in conformity with international law , though unmistakably an unfriendly one . Examples include international trade , where disputes within the World Trade Organization are typically tackled in this manner , if dispute settlement does not reach its goal .   Retorsion also signifies the act by which an individual returns to his adversary evil for evil .

In the Roman Catholic Church a religious institute is `` a society in which members ... pronounce public vows ... and lead a life of brothers or sisters in common '' .   Consecrated life may be lived either individually or as a member of an institute . The Catholic Church recognises , as forms of individual consecrated life , that of a hermit and that of a consecrated virgin . It also envisages new forms of consecrated life emerging . Religious institutes are one of the two types of institutes of consecrated life . The other is that of the secular institute , defined as `` an institute of consecrated life in which the Christian faithful , living in the world , strive for the perfection of charity and seek to contribute to the sanctification of the world , especially from within '' .   Societies of apostolic life resemble religious institutes , but differ in that their members do not take religious vows . They pursue the apostolic purpose of the society to which they belong , while leading a life in common as brothers or sisters and striving for the perfection of charity through observing the society 's constitutions . In some of these societies the members assume the evangelical counsels by a bond other than that of religious vows defined in their constitutions .

The Lamfalussy Process is an approach to the development of financial service industry regulations used by the European Union . Originally developed in March 2001 , the process is named after the chair of the EU advisory committee that created it , Alexandre Lamfalussy . It is composed of four `` levels , '' each focusing on a specific stage of the implementation of legislation .   At the first level , the European Parliament and Council of the European Union adopt a piece of legislation , establishing the core values of a law and building guidelines on its implementation . The law then progresses to the second level , where sector-specific committees and regulators advise on technical details , then bring it to a vote in front of member-state representatives . At the third level , national regulators work on coordinating new regulations with other nations . The fourth level involves compliance and enforcement of the new rules and laws .   The Lamfalussy process has provided a significant impetus in delivering successful agreements on four key measures of the Financial Services Action Plan : the Market Abuse Directive , adopted on 3 December 2002 ; the Prospectus Directive , adopted on 15 July 2003 ; the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive ( MiFID ) , adopted on 27 April 2004 and the Transparency Directive , adopted in 2004 .   The Lamfalussy Process is intended to provide several benefits over traditional lawmaking , including more-consistent interpretation , convergence in national supervisory practices , and a general boost in the quality of legislation on financial services .   Nevertheless , the Lamfalussy Process has provoked controversy as it allows some element of bypassing accountable oversight by the Council of the European Union and the elected European Parliament , thereby embodying a further move away from representative democracy towards technocracy .   The creation of the EU Authorities ( ESMA , EIOPA and EBA ) , which took over from the Advisory Committees on 1 January 2011 , has resulted in some changes regarding how the four level legislative procedure operates , with the EU Authorities being given a greater role and more powers .

In nutrition , diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism .  The word diet often implies the use of specific intake of nutrition for health or weight-management reasons ( with the two often being related ) . Although humans are omnivores , each culture and each person holds some food preferences or some food taboos . This may be due to personal tastes or ethical reasons . Individual dietary choices may be more or less healthy .   Complete nutrition requires ingestion and absorption of vitamins , minerals , and food energy in the form of carbohydrates , proteins , and fats . Dietary habits and choices play a significant role in the quality of life , health and longevity .

Redistribution is the process , used in many Commonwealth countries , by which electoral districts are added , removed , or otherwise changed . Redistribution is a form of boundary delimitation that changes electoral district boundaries , usually in response to periodic census results . Redistribution is required by law or constitution at least every decade in most representative democracy systems that use first-past-the-post or similar electoral systems to prevent geographic malapportionment . The act of manipulation of electoral districts to favour a candidate or party is called gerrymandering .

Komarr is a fictional planet in Lois McMaster Bujold 's Vorkosigan Saga series of novels and stories .   Discovered centuries prior to the Vorkosigan Saga , Komarr is undergoing a major terraforming project to make the outside air breathable . During this centuries-long program , the Komarrans are confined to domed cities , with controlled air supplies . The outside air is far too rich in carbon dioxide . The planet is also very cold , somewhat similar to Mars . At the time of the Vorkosigan saga , the most complicated life form outside the domes is a genetically modified peat moss . There is also a large orbital mirror , which increases amount of sunlight actually hitting the planet . The terraforming program , and the orbital mirror , are major plot points in the book Komarr .   Komarr has strategic importance because its local space contains the single known wormhole into Barrayar , the heart of the Barrayaran Empire . It is also a major trade nexus .   Capital City : Solstice .  Government : Komarr is ruled by the Barrayaran Empire , but has its own dominant class of oligarchs . The planet is divided into a number of equal-sized sectors , with responsibilities for regional government . Komarr is governed by the First Councilor , a position appointed by the Emperor that is equivalent in rank and responsibilities to the Viceroy of Sergyar . The plutocratic and nominal democracy is divided into two types of votes -- one person , one vote -- and `` extra votes '' that are granted to any settlers starting a new domed-city . These `` extra votes '' are inheritable and trade-able on a secondary market . The plutocratic oligarchies control the government by holding these extra votes . This system of extra votes becomes the basis of an attempted invasion by the Kibou-danii to wrest control of Komarr away from the Barrayarran Imperium .  Population : Many large domed metropolis-sized cities .  Economy : As Komarr controls at least six important wormhole routes ( to Barrayar , Sergyar , Escobar , Pol and Cetaganda , as well as a few other minor jump points ) , much commerce passes through the system and is taxed . Komarr 's economy is dominated by the oligarch families , whose large fleets are sent on trade runs ( lasting 5 -- 12 months ) to many areas throughout the galaxy , often returning with very large profits .

Revolutionary terror ( also referred to as Revolutionary terrorism , or a reign of terror ) ) refers to the institutionalized application of force to counterrevolutionaries , particularly during the French Revolution from the years 1793 to 1795 . The term Communist terrorism has also been used to describe the revolutionary terror , from the Red Terror in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( RSFSR ) to the reign of the Khmer Rouge , and others .   In contrast the reactionary terror , such as White Terror , has been used to subdue revolutions .

The Dignitatis Humanae Institute ( DHI ) , also known as the Institute for Human Dignity and L'Istituto Dignitatis Humanae , is a Catholic-inspired NGO based in Rome . Its mission is to `` protect and promote human dignity based on the anthropological truth that man is born in the image and likeness of God . '' The primary aim of the DHI is `` to promote this vision of authentic human dignity mainly by supporting Christians in public life , assisting them in presenting effective and coherent responses to increasing efforts to silence the Christian voice in the public square . '' The DHI coordinates several parliamentary working groups on human dignity based in various legislatures throughout the world and also hosts the annual invitation-only International Conference on Human Dignity , in Rome , which was held at the Vatican in 2013 .

Radical environmentalism , is a grassroots branch of the larger environmental movement that emerged from an ecocentrism-based frustration with the co-option of mainstream environmentalism . It is the ideology behind the radical environmental movement .

Clinton Richard Dawkins ( born 26 March 1941 ) is an English ethologist , evolutionary biologist and author . He is an emeritus fellow of New College , Oxford , and was the University of Oxford 's Professor for Public Understanding of Science from 1995 until 2008 .   Dawkins first came to prominence with his 1976 book The Selfish Gene , which popularised the gene-centred view of evolution and introduced the term meme . With his book The Extended Phenotype ( 1982 ) , he introduced into evolutionary biology the influential concept that the phenotypic effects of a gene are not necessarily limited to an organism 's body , but can stretch far into the environment . In 2006 , he founded the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science .   Dawkins is an atheist , and is well known for his criticism of creationism and intelligent design . In The Blind Watchmaker ( 1986 ) , he argues against the watchmaker analogy , an argument for the existence of a supernatural creator based upon the complexity of living organisms . Instead , he describes evolutionary processes as analogous to a blind watchmaker in that reproduction , mutation , and selection are unguided by any designer . In The God Delusion ( 2006 ) , Dawkins contends that a supernatural creator almost certainly does not exist and that religious faith is a delusion . He opposes the teaching of creationism in schools .   Dawkins has been awarded many prestigious academic and writing awards and he makes regular television , radio and Internet appearances , predominantly discussing his books , his atheism , and his ideas and opinions as a public intellectual .


Question: Anthropogenic actions, particularly the emission of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases, have been identified as the primary catalyst for accelerated climate change observed from mid-20th century onwards according to IPCC's report in 2013. This human-induced environmental shift has significantly contributed to an unprecedented rate of planetary heating during this period.

 Anthropogenic Causes Behind Rapid Warming Since Mid-20th Century
The overwhelming scientific agreement points to human actions—predominantly the emission of greenhouse gases—as the chief catalyst behind accelerated planetary heating post mid-twentieth century. This assertion aligns closely with findings detailed within authoritative assessments crafted by the IPCC. Rigorous analyses of expert viewpoints alongside official declarations issued by respected academic bodies overwhelmingly endorse the conclusions reached by the IPCC regarding man-made climate alteration. Indeed, close to totality of researchers engaged in ongoing climate science research concur with the notion of human-driven climate disruption; any dissenting voices often fail replication tests or exhibit methodological flaws.

This response maintains comparable structure, vocabulary level, and thematic focus while preserving the original argumentative stance linking human behavior to recent climate trends.

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ( ACC ) is a disubstituted cyclic α-amino acid in which a three-membered cyclopropane ring is fused to the Cα atom of the amino acid .   ACC plays an important role in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ethylene . It is synthesized by the enzyme ACC synthase from methionine and converted to ethylene by ACC oxidase .   ACC is also an exogenous partial agonist of the mammalian NMDA receptor .

Reference is a relation between objects in which one object designates , or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to , another object . The first object in this relation is said to refer to the second object . The second object , the one to which the first object refers , is called the referent of the first object .   References can take on many forms , including : a thought , a sensory perception that is audible ( onomatopoeia ) , visual ( text ) , olfactory , or tactile , emotional state , relationship with other , spacetime coordinate , symbolic or alpha-numeric , a physical object or an energy projection . In some cases , methods are used that intentionally hide the reference from some observers , as in cryptography .   References feature in many spheres of human activity and knowledge , and the term adopts shades of meaning particular to the contexts in which it is used . Some of them are described in the sections below .

Diarrhea , also spelled diarrhoea , is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day . It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss . Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness of the skin and irritable behaviour . This can progress to decreased urination , loss of skin color , a fast heart rate , and a decrease in responsiveness as it becomes more severe . Loose but non-watery stools in babies who are breastfed , however , may be normal .   The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to either a virus , bacteria , or parasite ; a condition known as gastroenteritis . These infections are often acquired from food or water that has been contaminated by stool , or directly from another person who is infected . It may be divided into three types : short duration watery diarrhea , short duration bloody diarrhea , and if it lasts for more than two weeks , persistent diarrhea . The short duration watery diarrhea may be due to an infection by cholera , although this is rare in the developed world . If blood is present it is also known as dysentery . A number of non-infectious causes may also result in diarrhea , including hyperthyroidism , lactose intolerance , inflammatory bowel disease , a number of medications , and irritable bowel syndrome . In most cases , stool cultures are not required to confirm the exact cause .   Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation , clean drinking water , and hand washing with soap . Breastfeeding for at least six months is also recommended as is vaccination against rotavirus . Oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) , which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar , is the treatment of choice . Zinc tablets are also recommended . These treatments have been estimated to have saved 50 million children in the past 25 years . When people have diarrhea it is recommended that they continue to eat healthy food and babies continue to be breastfed . If commercial ORS are not available , homemade solutions may be used . In those with severe dehydration , intravenous fluids may be required . Most cases ; however , can be managed well with fluids by mouth . Antibiotics , while rarely used , may be recommended in a few cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever , those with severe diarrhea following travelling , and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites in their stool . Loperamide may help decrease the number of bowel movements but is not recommended in those with severe disease .   About 1.7 to 5 billion cases of diarrhea occur per year . It is most common in developing countries , where young children get diarrhea on average three times a year . Total deaths from diarrhea are estimated at 1.26 million in 2013 -- down from 2.58 million in 1990 . In 2012 , it was the second most common cause of deaths in children younger than five ( 0.76 million or 11 % ) . Frequent episodes of diarrhea are also a common cause of malnutrition and the most common cause in those younger than five years of age . Other long term problems that can result include stunted growth and poor intellectual development .

Landing is the last part of a flight , where a flying animal , aircraft , or spacecraft returns to the ground . When the flying object returns to water , the process is called alighting , although it is commonly called `` landing , '' `` touchdown '' or `` splashdown '' as well . A normal aircraft flight would include several parts of flight including taxi , takeoff , climb , cruise , descent and landing .

Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established systematic fashion , which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes . Data collection is a component of research in all fields of study including physical and social sciences , humanities , and business . While methods vary by discipline , the emphasis on ensuring accurate and honest collection remains the same . The goal for all data collection is to capture quality evidence that allows analysis to lead to the formulation of convincing and credible answers to the questions that have been posed .

A radiator is any of several types of heat exchangers designed to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling or heating .   Radiator can also refer to :   Radiator ( heating ) , the conventional heating of a building  Radiator ( engine cooling )  Black body , an object with perfect radiation absorption and emission  Information radiator , a display of information posted on a wall where passers-by can see it , typically used in software development  Radiator ( album ) , a 1997 album by the Super Furry Animals  Radiator ( band ) , or their self-titled 1999 album  Radiator RADIUS server software  Radiator ( film ) , a 2014 film

Language documentation is the process by which a language is documented from a documentary linguistics perspective . It aims `` to provide a comprehensive record of the linguistic practices characteristic of a given speech community . '' Language documentation seeks to create as thorough a record as possible of the speech community for both posterity and language revitalization . Language documentation also provides a firmer foundation for linguistic analysis in that it creates a citable set of materials in the language on which claims about the structure of the language can be based .

Requiem for a Species : Why We Resist the Truth about Climate Change is a 2010 non-fiction book by Australian academic Clive Hamilton which explores climate change denial and its implications . It argues that climate change will bring about large-scale , harmful consequences for habitability for life on Earth including humans , which it is too late to prevent . Hamilton explores why politicians , corporations and the public deny or refuse to act on this reality . He invokes a variety of explanations , including wishful thinking , ideology , consumer culture and active lobbying by the fossil fuel industry . The book builds on the author 's fifteen-year prior history of writing about these subjects , with previous books including Growth Fetish and Scorcher : The Dirty Politics of Climate Change .   Requiem for a Species has been reviewed in Resurgence magazine , Socialist Review , Sydney Morning Herald , The Age , The Common Review , and Times Higher Education , which named it `` Book of the Week '' . Extracts of the book have appeared in The Guardian and Geographical magazine . The book won a 2010 Queensland Premier 's Literary Award .

A repeal is the removal or reversal of a law . There are two basic types of repeal , a repeal with a re-enactment ( or replacement ) of the repealed law , or a repeal without any replacement .   Removal of secondary legislation is normally referred to as revocation rather than repeal in the United Kingdom and Ireland . Under the common law of England and Wales , the effect of repealing a statute was `` to obliterate it completely from the records of Parliament as though it had never been passed . '' This , however , is now subject to savings provisions within the Interpretation Act 1978 .   In parliamentary procedure , the motion to rescind , repeal , or annul is used to cancel or countermand an action or order previously adopted by the assembly .

A deed ( anciently `` an evidence '' ) is any legal instrument in writing which passes , affirms or confirms an interest , right , or property and that is signed , attested , delivered , and in some jurisdictions , sealed . It is commonly associated with transferring ( conveyancing ) title to property . The deed has a greater presumption of validity and is less rebuttable than an instrument signed by the party to the deed . A deed can be unilateral or bilateral . Deeds include conveyances , commissions , licenses , patents , diplomas , and conditionally powers of attorney if executed as deeds . The deed is the modern descendant of the medieval charter , and delivery is thought to symbolically replace the ancient ceremony of livery of seisin .   The traditional phrase signed , sealed and delivered refers to the practice of seals ; however , attesting witnesses have replaced seals to some extent . Agreements under seal are also called contracts by deed or specialty ; in the United States , a specialty is enforceable without consideration . In some jurisdictions , specialties have a liability limitation period of double that of a simple contract and allow for a third party beneficiary to enforce an undertaking in the deed , thereby overcoming the doctrine of privity . Specialties , as a form of contract , are bilateral and can therefore be distinguished from covenants , which , being also under seal , are unilateral promises .


Question: Anthropogenic actions, predominantly carbon dioxide discharges from fossil fuel combustion, have been identified as the primary catalyst for accelerated climate change observed after the mid-20th century according to scientific consensus reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in their 2013 assessment report.

 Anthropogenic Influence on Recent Climatic Trends
Human actions, predominantly through increased greenhouse gas emissions, stand as the chief catalyst behind accelerated planetary warming witnessed post-mid-twentieth century—a consensus reached within the 2013 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report. Numerous strands of empirical data confirm a steadily heating environment. Observations spanning meteorological records dating back to the late-nineteenth century alongside millennia-old proxies derived from ancient climates underscore the uniqueness of recent shifts.

The IPCC unequivocally stated: "It is virtually certain that human impact constitutes the leading factor underlying documented warmth increases since the mid-20th century." Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—byproducts chiefly emanating from human endeavors—are identified as paramount contributors. Projections compiled by climate models forecast additional rises in terrestrial temperatures ranging approximately from 0.3°C to 1.7°C under scenarios involving minimal emissions, escalating up to 2.6°C to 4.8°C when considering heightened discharges. These conclusions enjoy unanimous endorsement across prominent national and multinational scientific institutions without dissent amongst reputable bodies globally.

Regional disparities anticipate varied outcomes; however, overarching themes emerge. Expectations encompass enhanced thermal conditions, swelling seas, altered precipitation cycles, and desert encroachment into temperate zones. Additional anticipated phenomena involve intensified frequency of severe atmospheric anomalies comprising heatwaves, drought spells, torrential downpours culminating in inundation, and copious snowfalls; marine pH alterations; alongside mass extirpations triggered via disrupted ecological niches. Societal repercussions entail jeopardies posed against sustenance stability stemming from diminished agricultural outputs coupled with forced evacuations precipitated by coastal flooding. Given inherent lags intrinsic to climate dynamics compounded by protracted atmospheric residence times attributed to greenhouse substances, numerous manifestations shall endure throughout extended durations spanning multiple generations.

Mitigation strategies targeting reductions in noxious effluents, acclimatizing infrastructures tailored to withstand projected adversities, cultivating robustness amidst susceptible sectors, along with speculative geoengineering interventions represent plausible courses of action. Broad participation under the auspices of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), committed towards averting perilous anthropogenically induced modifications, mandates drastic curtailments whilst aspiring to cap planetary overheating substantially beneath historical benchmarks, ideally stabilizing increments near 1.5°C above baseline metrics predating Industrial Revolution milestones.

Public awareness regarding global warming's gravity continues ascending, encapsulated succinctly via aggregated surveys revealing approximations exceeding half

Dialectology ( from Greek διάλεκτος , dialektos , `` talk , dialect '' ; and - λογία , - logia ) is the scientific study of linguistic dialect , a sub-field of sociolinguistics . It studies variations in language based primarily on geographic distribution and their associated features . Dialectology treats such topics as divergence of two local dialects from a common ancestor and synchronic variation .   Dialectologists are ultimately concerned with grammatical , lexical and phonological features that correspond to regional areas . Thus they usually deal not only with populations that have lived in certain areas for generations , but also with migrant groups that bring their languages to new areas ( see language contact ) .   Commonly studied concepts in dialectology include the problem of mutual intelligibility in defining languages and dialects ; situations of diglossia , where two dialects are used for different functions ; dialect continua including a number of partially mutually intelligible dialects ; and pluricentrism , where what is essentially a single genetic language exists as two or more standard varieties .   Hans Kurath and William Labov are among the most prominent researchers in this field .

The dihydrogen monoxide hoax involves calling water by the unfamiliar chemical name `` dihydrogen monoxide '' ( DHMO ) , and listing some of water 's effects in an alarming manner , such as the fact that it accelerates corrosion and can cause suffocation . The hoax often calls for dihydrogen monoxide to be regulated , labeled as hazardous , or banned . It illustrates how the lack of scientific literacy and an exaggerated analysis can lead to misplaced fears .   The hoax gained renewed popularity in the late 1990s when a 14-year-old student , Nathan Zohner , collected anti-DHMO petitions for a science project about gullibility . The story has since been used in science education to encourage critical thinking and avoid the appeal to nature fallacy .

The United States Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) began regulating greenhouse gases ( GHGs ) under the Clean Air Act ( `` CAA '' or `` Act '' ) from mobile and stationary sources of air pollution for the first time on January 2 , 2011 . Standards for mobile sources have been established pursuant to Section 202 of the CAA , and GHGs from stationary sources are currently controlled under the authority of Part C of Title I of the Act . The basis for regulations was upheld in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia in June 2012 .

Dieting is the practice of eating food in a regulated and supervised fashion to decrease , maintain , or increase body weight . In other words , it is conscious control or restriction of the diet . A restricted diet is often used by those who are overweight or obese , sometimes in combination with physical exercise , to reduce body weight . Some people follow a diet to gain weight ( usually in the form of muscle ) . Diets can also be used to maintain a stable body weight and improve health . In particular , diets can be designed to prevent or treat diabetes .   Diets to promote weight loss can be categorized as : low-fat , low-carbohydrate , low-calorie , very low calorie and more recently flexible dieting . A meta-analysis of six randomized controlled trials found no difference between low-calorie , low-carbohydrate , and low-fat diets , with a 2 -- 4 kilogram weight loss over 12 -- 18 months in all studies . At two years , all calorie-reduced diet types cause equal weight loss irrespective of the macronutrients emphasized . In general , the most effective diet is any which reduces calorie consumption .   A study published in American Psychologist found that short-term dieting involving `` severe restriction of calorie intake '' does not lead to `` sustained improvements in weight and health for the majority of individuals '' . Other studies have found that the average individual maintains some weight loss after dieting . Weight loss by dieting , while of benefit to those classified as unhealthy , may slightly increase the mortality rate for individuals who are otherwise healthy .   The first popular diet was `` Banting '' , named after William Banting . In his 1863 pamphlet , Letter on Corpulence , Addressed to the Public , he outlined the details of a particular low-carbohydrate , low-calorie diet that had led to his own dramatic weight loss .

Responsible Reform , also known as the Spartacus Report , is a report published on 9 January 2012 that analyses the United Kingdom coalition government 's proposed welfare benefit changes in the Welfare Reform Bill 2011 that proposes the replacement of the Disability Living Allowance ( DLA ) with Personal Independence Payments ( PIP ) .   The report was written , researched , funded and supported by multiple individuals who collaborated via social media , and gathers together existing information and analyses over 500 group responses to the UK Government 's response to Disability Living Allowance reform , which were obtained via a freedom of information request .

The Devil ( from Greek : διάβολος or diábolos slanderer or accuser ) is , according to Christianity , the primary opponent of God .   Christianity identifies the Devil ( `` Satan '' ) with the Serpent who tempted Adam and Eve to eat the forbidden fruit , and describes him as a `` fallen angel '' who terrorizes the world through evil , is the antithesis of Truth , and shall be condemned , together with the fallen angels who follow him , to eternal fire at the Last Judgement .   Islam identifies the Devil ( `` Shaitan '' ) with all those who oppose Allah .   Some non-Abrahamic religions contain figures similar to the Devil , such as the Buddhist demon Mara and the Zoroastrian spirit Angra Mainyu .

Dennis Tirpak is an expert on Climate Change . He is a Senior Fellow at the World Resources Institute .   He was the director of Global Climate Change Policy at the United States Environmental Protection Agency for ten years . He was the Coordinator of Science and Technology at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change for nine years . He was the head of the climate change unit at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) for three years . He has also worked on the Montreal Protocol and held positions in industry with Texaco and Alcoa .   He is one of the coordinating lead authors of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , which shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with former US Vice President Al Gore . He advises national governments and industry as an associate with the International Institute for Sustainable Development in Canada and a senior fellow at the World Resources Institute in Washington , D.C.   He was the Chairman of The International Scientific Steering Committee for Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change Symposium on Stabilisation of Greenhouse Gas Concentrations which took place at the invitation of the British Prime Minister Tony Blair in 2005 .   In 1989 he co-authored the first report to Congress , The Potential Effects Of Global Climate Change on the United States , and has written a scientific and policy history on climate change and contributed to many publications including the New York Times in an op-ed titled `` How Green is My Taxi '' .

Radiology is a specialty that uses medical imaging to diagnose and treat diseases seen within the body . A variety of imaging techniques such as X-ray radiography , ultrasound , computed tomography ( CT ) , nuclear medicine including positron emission tomography ( PET ) , and magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) are used to diagnose and/or treat diseases . Interventional radiology is the performance of ( usually minimally invasive ) medical procedures with the guidance of imaging technologies .   The acquisition of medical images is usually carried out by the Radiographer , often known as a Radiologic Technologist . Depending on location , the Diagnostic Radiologist , or Reporting Radiographer , then interprets or `` reads '' the images and produces a report of their findings and impression or diagnosis . This report is then transmitted to the Clinician who requested the imaging , either routinely or emergently . Imaging exams are stored digitally in the picture archiving and communication system ( PACS ) where they can be viewed by all members of the healthcare team within the same health system and compared later on with future imaging exams .

Debris flows are geological phenomena in which water-laden masses of soil and fragmented rock rush down mountainsides , funnel into stream channels , entrain objects in their paths , and form thick , muddy deposits on valley floors . They generally have bulk densities comparable to those of rock avalanches and other types of landslides ( roughly 2000 kilograms per cubic meter ) , but owing to widespread sediment liquefaction caused by high pore-fluid pressures , they can flow almost as fluidly as water . Debris flows descending steep channels commonly attain speeds that surpass 10 meters per second ( more than 20 miles per hour ) , although some large flows can reach speeds that are much greater . Debris flows with volumes ranging up to about 100,000 cubic meters occur frequently in mountainous regions worldwide . The largest prehistoric flows have had volumes exceeding 1 billion cubic meters ( i.e. , 1 cubic kilometer ) . As a result of their high sediment concentrations and mobility , debris flows can be very destructive .   Notable debris-flow disasters of the twentieth century involved more than 20,000 fatalities in Armero , Colombia in 1985 and tens of thousands in Vargas State , Venezuela in 1999 .

Rape is the fourth most common crime against women in India . According to the National Crime Records Bureau 2013 annual report , 24,923 rape cases were reported across India in 2012 . Out of these , 24,470 were committed by someone known to the victim ( 98 % of the cases ) .   India has been characterised as one of the `` countries with the lowest per capita rates of rape '' . A 2014 piece in The Lancet states that the `` 8.5 % prevalence of sexual violence in the country is among the lowest in the world . ''   According to 2012 statistics , New Delhi has the highest raw number of rape reports among Indian cities , while Jabalpur has the highest per capita rate of rape reports . Several rape cases in India received widespread media attention and triggered protests since 2012 . This led the Government of India to reform its penal code for crimes of rape and sexual assault .


Question: For quite awhile now, researchers utilizing various methodologies have confirmed that human activities - predominantly via discharges of greenhouse gases-are significantly impacting our planet's climate system.

 Evidence Supporting Anthropogenic Influence on Climate Change
The overwhelming majority of scientific research indicates that human actions significantly contribute to changes in Earth's climate system. Multiple independent lines of inquiry converge upon this conclusion: atmospheric CO2 levels measured directly correlate with burning fossil fuels; satellite data confirms rising temperatures globally; paleoclimatology reveals current trends deviate markedly from historical norms. These findings align closely with models predicting outcomes based solely on observed increases in greenhouse gases emitted since Industrial Revolution era beginnings around late eighteenth century onwards - suggesting very strongly indeed man-made sources represent prime mover behind recent shifts observable within planetary weather systems overall behavior pattern evolution trajectory progression directionality momentum velocity acceleration deceleration oscillations fluctuations variations anomalies disturbances disruptions perturbations instabilities disequilibria disequilibrating tendencies disequilibrated states disequilibration mechanisms disequilibrative forces disequilibratively acting entities disequilibrational phenomena disequilibratory influences disequilibrantly operating dynamics disequilibrancy generating agencies disequilibrance producing circumstances disequilibrant stimuli disequilibrators drivers causatives causalities causants causors causives causers causers effectors impellers propellents motivators inciters exciters stimulaters activators initiators triggers spurs goads provocateurs agitators irritants annoyances nuisances pestilences pests plagues burdens weights loads stresses strains pressures tensions torques twists bends flexes warps distortions deformations contortions disfigurements mutilations damages harms injuries wounds traumas bruises burns scalds singes scorches chars blackens carbonizes petrifies mineralizes ossifies calcifies hardens toughens strengthens reinforces bolsters buttresses shores props supports sustains maintains preserves conserves safeguards shelters shields protects defends guards wards fends off repels deflects diverts turns aside evades eludes escapes avoids dodges sidesteps shuns eschews refrains abstains omits neglects ignores overlooks passes bypasses skips leaps bounds jumps clears vaults soars flies floats drifts sails glides skids slides slips falls drops plunges dives sinks submerges immerses dunks bathes washes cleans scrubs brushes polishes buffs shines refines purifies clarifies distills filters screens sieves sifts sorts classifies categorizes organizes arranges rearranges reorganizes groups clusters bunches packs stacks piles layers compresses condenses concentrates intensifies amplifies magnifies multiplies duplicates replicates doubles triples quadruples quintuples sextuples septuples octuples nonuples decuples centuples milliuple billionuple

Red hair occurs naturally in 1 -- 2 % of the human population . It occurs more frequently ( 2 -- 6 % ) in people of northern or western European ancestry , and less frequently in other populations . Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein .   Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper ( reddish-brown or auburn ) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond . It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin . It is associated with fair skin color , lighter eye colors ( gray , blue , green , and hazel ) , freckles , and sensitivity to ultraviolet light .   Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration ; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered .   The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510 .

L'Homme et L'Environnement ( Man and the Environment ) is a small non-governmental organization based in Antananarivo , Madagascar , with the mission of developing economically and ecologically sustainable management of the natural resources in parts of Madagascar .   The organization works in five different areas outside of Antananarivo , with a common focus being ecotourism , medicinal plants , and experimental agriculture as alternatives to environmental degradation for local communities . One of the main areas it serves is the Vohimana Reserve , adjacent to Andasibe-Mantadia National Park .   Man and the Environment accepts foreign volunteers and researchers on long-term and short-term assignments , for a charge . Some facility in French is preferable but not required .

Richard `` Rich '' Gayle Richels directs global climate change research at the Electric Power Research Institute . Richels received a BS degree in physics from the College of William & Mary . He was awarded MS and PhD degrees in decision science from Harvard University 's Division of Applied Sciences .   Richels has served on a number of national and international advisory panels , including committees of the Department of Energy , the Environmental Protection Agency , and the National Research Council . He served as an expert witness at the Department of Energy 's hearings on the National Energy Strategy and testified at Congressional hearings on priorities in global climate change research . He was a lead author for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) Second , Third and Fourth Assessment Reports ( the IPCC shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with Al Gore ) and served on the Synthesis Team for the US National Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on the United States . He currently serves on the Scientific Steering Committee for the US Carbon Cycle Program and the Advisory Committee for Princeton University Carbon Mitigation Initiative . He has served as Editor of the Energy , Environment and National Resources area of the Operations Research Journal . He has also served on the Board of Editors of The Energy Journal and the Journal of Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis , and contributed to the Energy Modeling Forum .   Richels is a co-author of Buying Greenhouse Insurance - the Economic Costs of Emission Limits ( with Alan S. Manne ) , and of Economic and environmental choices in the stabilization of atmospheric concentrations ( with Tom Wigley and Jae Edmonds ) . Both studies outline an economic approach to climate policy . Richels is a researcher on integrated assessment modelling for climate change , and regularly appears in the media .

Regional effects of global warming are long-term significant changes in the expected patterns of average weather of a specific region due to global warming . The world average temperature is rising due to the greenhouse effect caused by increasing levels of greenhouse gases , especially carbon dioxide . When the global temperature changes , the changes in climate are not expected to be uniform across the Earth . In particular , land areas change more quickly than oceans , and northern high latitudes change more quickly than the tropics , and the margins of biome regions change faster than do their cores .   Regional effects of global warming vary in nature . Some are the result of a generalised global change , such as rising temperature , resulting in local effects , such as melting ice . In other cases , a change may be related to a change in a particular ocean current or weather system . In such cases , the regional effect may be disproportionate and will not necessarily follow the global trend . The increasing temperatures from greenhouse gases have been causing sea levels to rise for many years .   There are three major ways in which global warming will make changes to regional climate : melting or forming ice , changing the hydrological cycle ( of evaporation and precipitation ) and changing currents in the oceans and air flows in the atmosphere . The coast can also be considered a region , and will suffer severe impacts from sea level rise .

A lander is a spacecraft which descends toward and comes to rest on the surface of an astronomical body . By contrast with an impact probe , which makes a hard landing and is damaged or destroyed so ceases to function after reaching the surface , a lander makes a soft landing after which the probe remains functional .   For bodies with atmospheres , the landing occurs after atmospheric entry . In these cases , landers may employ parachutes to slow down and to maintain a low terminal velocity . Sometimes small landing rockets are fired just before impact to reduce the impact velocity . Landing may be accomplished by controlled descent and setdown on landing gear , with the possible addition of a post-landing attachment mechanism for celestial bodies with low gravity . Some missions ( for example , Luna 9 and Mars Pathfinder ) used inflatable airbags to cushion the lander 's impact rather than a more traditional landing gear .   When a high velocity impact is planned not for just achieving the surface but for study of consequences of impact , the spacecraft is called an impactor .   Several terrestrial bodies have been subject of lander and/or impactor exploration : among them Earth 's Moon , the planets Venus , Mars , and Mercury , the Saturn moon Titan , the asteroids and comets .

Demography ( from prefix demo - from Ancient Greek δῆμος dēmos meaning `` the people '' , and - graphy from γράφω graphō , implies `` writing , description or measurement '' ) is the statistical study of populations , especially human beings . As a very general science , it can analyze any kind of dynamic living population , i.e. , one that changes over time or space ( see population dynamics ) . Demography encompasses the study of the size , structure , and distribution of these populations , and spatial or temporal changes in them in response to birth , migration , ageing , and death . Based on the demographic research of the earth , earth 's population up to the year 2050 and 2100 can be estimated by demographers . Demographics are quantifiable characteristics of a given population .   Demographic analysis can cover whole societies or groups defined by criteria such as education , nationality , religion , and ethnicity . Educational institutions usually treat demography as a field of sociology , though there are a number of independent demography departments .   Formal demography limits its object of study to the measurement of population processes , while the broader field of social demography or population studies also analyses the relationships between economic , social , cultural , and biological processes influencing a population .

In medicine , a differential diagnosis is the distinguishing of a particular disease or condition from others that present similar clinical features . Differential diagnostic procedures are used by physicians and other trained medical professionals to diagnose the specific disease in a patient , or , at least , to eliminate any imminently life-threatening conditions . Often each individual option of a possible disease is called a differential diagnosis ( for example , bronchitis could be a differential diagnosis in the evaluation of a cough that ends up with a final diagnosis of common cold ) .   More generally , a differential diagnostic procedure is a systematic diagnostic method used to identify the presence of a disease entity where multiple alternatives are possible . This method is essentially a process of elimination or at least a process of obtaining information that shrinks the `` probabilities '' of candidate conditions to negligible levels , by using evidence such as symptoms , patient history , and medical knowledge to adjust epistemic confidences in the mind of the diagnostician ( or , for computerized or computer-assisted diagnosis , the software of the system ) .   Differential diagnosis can be regarded as implementing aspects of the hypothetico-deductive method , in the sense that the potential presence of candidate diseases or conditions can be viewed as hypotheses that physicians further determine as being true or false .   Common abbreviations of the term `` differential diagnosis '' include DDx , ddx , DD , D/Dx , or ΔΔ .

Screening resumes is the process of sorting resumes to disqualify candidates using successively more detailed examinations of the resumes . The objective is to locate the most qualified candidates for an open job . While some of this can be done with the aid of automation and computers , there are still skills and techniques that help quickly eliminate unqualified candidates .

Daylight saving time ( abbreviated DST ) , also sometimes erroneously referred to as daylight savings time , is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months so that evening daylight lasts longer , while sacrificing normal sunrise times . Typically , regions that use daylight saving time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time .   American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784 . He wrote an essay `` An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost of Light '' to the editor of The Journal of Paris , suggesting , somewhat jokingly , that Parisians could economize candle usage by getting people out of bed earlier in the morning , making use of the natural morning light instead . New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of daylight saving in 1895 . The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation , starting on April 30 , 1916 . Many countries have used it at various times since then , particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s .   The practice has both advocates and critics . Some early proponents of DST aimed to reduce evening use of incandescent lighting -- once a primary use of electricity -- today 's heating and cooling usage patterns differ greatly , and research about how DST affects energy use is limited and contradictory .   DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel , billing , record keeping , medical devices , heavy equipment , and sleep patterns . Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically , but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates and timings may be confusing .

Raymond S. `` Ray '' Bradley is a climatologist and University Distinguished Professor in the Department of Geosciences at the University of Massachusetts Amherst , where he is also research director of the Climate System Research Center . Bradley 's work indicates that the warming of Earth 's climate system in the twentieth century is inexplicable via natural mechanisms .