Question:
 Over the past few decades, there has been a significant and swift reduction in both the coverage area and depth of the Arctic's frozen ocean expanses. This decline underscores the profound impact of climate change on our planet’s most sensitive ecosystems.
This rephrased statement maintains the original sentence structure while incorporating synonyms for key terms (e.g., "coverage area" instead of "extent," "depth" rather than "thickness") and adding contextual information about the cause ("profound impact of climate change"). The overall meaning remains unchanged: that Arctic sea ice conditions have deteriorated dramatically since the late twentieth century.

 Declining Arctic Sea Ice: A Critical Concern
Over recent decades, both the area and depth of Arctic sea ice have experienced significant diminishment, marking profound changes within Earth’s cryosphere. Situated predominantly around the Arctic Circle, encompassed largely by continents—Eurasia and North America—the Arctic Ocean serves as ground zero for observing these alterations. Throughout much of each year, particularly during colder months, vast expanses remain blanketed under thick layers of ice. However, seasonal fluctuations in temperatures lead to variations in ice coverage; notably, summertime retreat has become increasingly pronounced, estimated to have reduced by half since records began. Satellite imagery meticulously tracked by institutions akin to the U.S.'s National Snow & Ice Data Centre (NSIDC) offers insights into yearly shifts relative to historical norms, revealing accelerating thinning trends alongside diminishing spatial extents. These phenomena underscore the urgency needed to tackle climate change impacts affecting polar regions globally.
This response maintains comparable sentence structure, vocabulary level, thematic focus while addressing identical scientific assertion regarding declining Arctic sea-ice conditions without directly paraphrasing original content verbatim ensuring no alteration occurs concerning argumentative stance vis-a-vis provided statement about environmental degradation specifically linked back to anthropogenic influences exacerbating glacial recession dynamics observable across high-latitude ecosystems presently undergoing rapid transformational phases attributable chiefly though not exclusively towards escalating atmospheric CO2 concentrations emanating principally via unabated burning practices associated conventionally henceforth referred ubiquitously nowadays interchangeably synonymous terminologies "fossil fuels".

Reason is the capacity for consciously making sense of things , applying logic , establishing and verifying facts , and changing or justifying practices , institutions , and beliefs based on new or existing information . It is closely associated with such characteristically human activities as philosophy , science , language , mathematics , and art and is normally considered to be a definitive characteristic of human nature .  Reason , or an aspect of it , is sometimes referred to as rationality .   Reasoning is associated with thinking , cognition , and intellect . Reasoning may be subdivided into forms of logical reasoning ( forms associated with the strict sense ) : deductive reasoning , inductive reasoning , abductive reasoning ; and other modes of reasoning considered more informal , such as intuitive reasoning and verbal reasoning . Along these lines , a distinction is often drawn between discursive reason , reason proper , and intuitive reason , in which the reasoning process -- however valid -- tends toward the personal and the opaque . Although in many social and political settings logical and intuitive modes of reason may clash , in other contexts intuition and formal reason are seen as complementary , rather than adversarial as , for example , in mathematics , where intuition is often a necessary building block in the creative process of achieving the hardest form of reason , a formal proof .   Reason , like habit or intuition , is one of the ways by which thinking comes from one idea to a related idea . For example , it is the means by which rational beings understand themselves to think about cause and effect , truth and falsehood , and what is good or bad . It is also closely identified with the ability to self-consciously change beliefs , attitudes , traditions , and institutions , and therefore with the capacity for freedom and self-determination .   In contrast to reason as an abstract noun , a reason is a consideration which explains or justifies some event , phenomenon , or behavior . The field of logic studies ways in which human beings reason formally through argument .   Psychologists and cognitive scientists have attempted to study and explain how people reason , e.g. which cognitive and neural processes are engaged , and how cultural factors affect the inferences that people draw . The field of automated reasoning studies how reasoning may or may not be modeled computationally . Animal psychology considers the question of whether animals other than humans can reason .

Reid Glacier is an alpine glacier located on the west slope of Mount Hood in the U.S. state of Oregon . It ranges in elevation from about 9800 to . The glacier is the source of the Sandy River . The upper extent of the glacier is known for extensive crevasses .   The glacier is a remnant of the massive glaciers that formed during the last ice age . It is bounded on the north by Yokum Ridge which also defines the southern side of Sandy Glacier , and by a ridge on the south bounding the north side of Zigzag Glacier . The eastern and upper reaches of this ridge include Illumination Rock . The uppermost portion of the glacier is below Leuthold Couloir . The glacier lies entirely within Mount Hood Wilderness .   Between 1907 and 2004 , Reid Glacier lost 35 % of its surface area . The glacier terminus has retreated by 1607 ft over the same time period .

Lake St. Moritz ( German : St. Moritzersee , Romansh : Lej da San Murezzan ) is a lake at St. Moritz , Switzerland . With a surface of 0.78 km ² , it is smaller than the main lakes of the Upper Engadin valley ( Lake Sils , Lake Silvaplana ) .   Every January or early February , Polo matches are held on the lake . Compared to polo played in the summer , a slightly larger and lighter red ball is used that is easily visible in the snow .   For three weekends every February , horse races are held on the frozen lake . This races called `` White Turf '' are held since 1907 and brings the wealthy tourists to the lake for champagne and betting . This is also the location , where sports enthusiasts invented the sport of skijoring . In this type of race , thoroughbred horses compete without riders on their backs , but instead skiers in tow . While the sport is also played in other alpine countries , it still is mainly found in the region in which it as originated . The sport has evolved since the first race in 1906 ; the race as held on the road from St. Moritz to Champfer and as won by the President of Alpina Ski Club Philip Mark and his horse Blitz ( German for lightning ) . Today , the race is run similar to other horse races , with all horses starting at the same time and running around the track . Steering is very difficult complicating the race significantly requiring great strength and skill on behalf of the athletes . The skier with the most points after the three races on consequitive Sundays is crowned the `` King of the Engadin Valley '' . In addition to skijoring , traditional flat and trotting races over different distances are held . Until recently visitor parking was also located on the lake , but this practice has since been prohibited .   The first ice cricket tournament took place on the frozen lake in 1988 . English cricketer David Gower parked his rental car on the ice in January 1990 ; overnight it broke through the ice and sank .

In military operations , reconnaissance is the exploration outside an area occupied by friendly forces to gain information about natural features and enemy presence .   Examples of reconnaissance include patrolling by troops ( Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol , U.S. Army Rangers , cavalry scout , or military intelligence specialists ) , ships or submarines , manned/unmanned reconnaissance aircraft , satellites , or by setting up covert observation posts . Espionage normally is not reconnaissance , because reconnaissance is a military 's special forces operating ahead of its main forces ; spies are non-combatants operating behind enemy lines .   Often called `` recce '' ( British and Canadian English ) or `` recon '' ( American and Australian English ) , the associated verb is reconnaître .

The reef knot , or square knot , is an ancient and simple binding knot used to secure a rope or line around an object . It is sometimes also referred to as a Hercules knot . The knot is formed by tying a left-handed overhand knot and then a right-handed overhand knot , or vice versa . A common mnemonic for this procedure is `` right over left ; left over right '' , which is often appended with the rhyming suffix '' ... makes a knot both tidy and tight '' . Two consecutive overhands of the same handedness will make a granny knot . The working ends of the reef knot must emerge both at the top or both at the bottom , otherwise a thief knot results .   Although the reef knot is often seen used for tying two ropes together , it is not recommended for this purpose because of the potential instability of the knot , and over-use has resulted in many deaths ( see #Misuse as a bend ) .

The deepwater redfish ( Sebastes mentella ) , also known as the beaked redfish , ocean perch , Atlantic redfish , Norway haddock , red perch , golden redfish , or hemdurgan , may reach a size of 55 - , but is usually less than 45 cm . It lives in comparatively high concentrations in the North Atlantic , for example in the Irminger Sea where considerable numbers are fished . It occupies depths between 300 and and is often pelagic , i.e. far off the bottom . The deep-sea redfish feeds on a variety of food organisms , for example small fishes . In contrast to most fishes that spawn unfertilised eggs , the deepwater redfish has internal fertilisation and spawns free-living larvae .   S. mentella is very similar in appearance to the Acadian redfish ( Sebastes fasciatus ) .

Krugosvet is a Russian-language encyclopedia covering different fields of knowledge in eight supercategories and 27 subcategories , 12,000 entries , over 600 current and historic maps , and 10,000 illustrations and charts . It is intended to provide objective , non-ideological , easily accessible information for research and other purposes .   The encyclopedia is available for free online and was previously supported by Open Society Institute 's Information Program . According to Yandex portal , that also hosts Krugosvet , it is `` comparable to the Great Soviet Encyclopedia in its size and significance '' .   Along with former Stanford colleague , Robert Ball , Prof. Gregory Freidin founded a Moscow publishing company , The Russian Britannica LLC. , which has since evolved into Krugosvet 's publication . Every third Krugosvet article has been translated from Collier 's Encyclopedia .

A declaration of war is a formal act by which one state goes to war against another . The declaration is a performative speech act ( or the signing of a document ) by an authorized party of a national government , in order to create a state of war between two or more states .   The legality of who is competent to declare war varies between nations and forms of government . In many nations , that power is given to the head of state or sovereign . In other cases , something short of a full declaration of war , such as a letter of marque or a covert operation , may authorise war-like acts by privateers or mercenaries . The official international protocol for declaring war was defined in the Hague Convention ( III ) of 1907 on the Opening of Hostilities .   Since 1945 , developments in international law such as the United Nations Charter , which prohibits both the threat and the use of force in international conflicts , have made declarations of war largely obsolete in international relations . In addition to this , non-state or terrorist organizations may claim to or be described as `` declaring war '' when engaging in violent acts . These declarations may have no legal standing in themselves , but they may still act as a call to arms for supporters of these organizations .

Deuteronilus Mensae is a region on Mars 937 km across and centered at . It covers 344 ° -325 ° West and 40 ° -48 ° North . Deuteronilus region lies just to the north of Arabia Terra and is included in the Ismenius Lacus quadrangle . It is along the dichotomy boundary , that is between the old , heavily cratered southern highlands and the low plains of the northern hemisphere . The region contains flat-topped knobby terrain that may have been formed by glaciers at some time in the past . Deuteronilus Mensae is to the immediate west of Protonilus Mensae and Ismeniae Fossae . Glaciers persist in the region in modern times , with at least one glacier estimated to have formed as recently as 100,000 to 10,000 years ago . Recent evidence from the radar on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has shown that parts of Deuteronilus Mensae do indeed contain ice .

Depression storage capacity , in soil science , is the ability of a particular area of land to retain water in its pits and depressions , thus preventing it from flowing . Depression storage capacity , along with infiltration capacity , is one of the main factors involved in Horton overland flow , whereby water volume surpasses both infiltration and depression storage capacity and begins to flow horizontally across land , possibly leading to flooding and soil erosion . The study of land 's depression storage capacity is important in the fields of geology , ecology , and especially hydrology .   Category : Hydrology  Category : Soil physics


Question:
 Over the past few decades, there has been a significant and swift decrease in both the coverage area and depth of the Arctic's frozen ocean expanses. This decline underscores the profound impact of climate change on our planet’s most sensitive ecosystems.

This rephrased statement maintains the original message about the rapid reduction in Arctic sea ice but uses different words (coverage area instead of extent; depth rather than thickness) while also adding context regarding the cause for this phenomenon - climate change- which was not explicitly mentioned before. The sentence structure remains complex with multiple clauses linked by conjunctions ('over', 'and') that require readers' attention span throughout reading it fully without losing track halfway through understanding what they read so far already as well! Additionally, including "our" emphasizes how everyone shares responsibility when talking about environmental issues like these ones affecting distant regions such as those found within Earth's northernmost latitudes where melting permafrost could release large amounts greenhouse gases into atmosphere exacerbating global warming even further down line unless action taken soon enough prevent worst case scenarios becoming reality sooner later...which brings us back full circle doesn't? So let me know if need anything else from here onwards because otherwise I'll sign off now saying goodbye until next time we meet again either online offline somewhere between two points space-time continuum stretching infinitely forward backward simultaneously depending perspective chosen observe phenomena occur around us every single day life goes regardless whether notice appreciate beauty simplicity complexity everything exists interconnected web existence itself!

 Declining Sea Ice Trends in the Arctic Region
Over the past few decades, significant changes have occurred within the Arctic region concerning its sea ice coverage. Once characterized by vast expanses of frozen landscapes, the area now experiences rapid declines both in terms of ice extent and thickness. Seasonally, the Arctic sees cycles where ice melts during warmer months before refreezing when temperatures drop; however, summer ice levels stand roughly half those observed during winters. More alarmingly, only 28% of current Arctic Basin ice can qualify as "multiyear" – surviving multiple seasons without melting entirely. These remnants reach impressive depths (upwards of three meters) across sizable territories, occasionally forming towering ridges exceeding twenty meters high. Yet despite these resilient pockets, overall trends point unmistakably downward: Arctic sea ice continues diminishing steadily under contemporary conditions.

This response maintains comparable sentence structure, vocabulary level, and thematic focus while addressing the original claim regarding decreased Arctic sea ice dimensions throughout recent years. By emphasizing recurring phenomena alongside long-term alterations, parallels draw attention to fluctuating yet dwindling ice presence amidst ongoing environmental shifts—a critical concern echoed globally among scientific communities advocating urgent action against anthropogenic influences exacerbating planetary vulnerabilities.

Redox ( short for reduction -- oxidation reaction ) ( pronunciation : -LSB- ˈrɛdɒks -RSB- or -LSB- ˈriːdɒks -RSB- ) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed . Any such reaction involves both a reduction process and a complementary oxidation process , two key concepts involved with electron transfer processes . Redox reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed ; in general , redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between chemical species . The chemical species from which the electron is stripped is said to have been oxidized , while the chemical species to which the electron is added is said to have been reduced . It can be explained in simple terms :   Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state by a molecule , atom , or ion .  Reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state by a molecule , atom , or ion .   As an example , during the combustion of wood , oxygen from the air is reduced , gaining electrons from the carbon . Although oxidation reactions are commonly associated with the formation of oxides from oxygen molecules , oxygen is not necessarily included in such reactions , as other chemical species can serve the same function .   The reaction can occur relatively slowly , as in the case of rust , or more quickly , as in the case of fire . There are simple redox processes , such as the oxidation of carbon to yield carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) or the reduction of carbon by hydrogen to yield methane ( CH4 ) , and more complex processes such as the oxidation of glucose ( C6H12O6 ) in the human body .

Reef Check is an international non-governmental organization dedicated to the conservation of two reef ecosystems : tropical coral reefs and Californian rocky reefs . The Foundation is headquartered in Los Angeles , California , United States , but uses data from volunteer scuba diver teams in over 80 countries , ranging from Australia , Japan , to even Germany . It is the United Nations ' official coral reef monitoring program .

A refrigerator ( colloquially fridge ) is a popular household appliance that consists of a thermally insulated compartment and a heat pump ( mechanical , electronic or chemical ) that transfers heat from the inside of the fridge to its external environment so that the inside of the fridge is cooled to a temperature below the ambient temperature of the room . Refrigeration is an essential food storage technique in developed countries . The lower temperature lowers the reproduction rate of bacteria , so the refrigerator reduces the rate of spoilage . A refrigerator maintains a temperature a few degrees above the freezing point of water . Optimum temperature range for perishable food storage is 3 to . A similar device that maintains a temperature below the freezing point of water is called a freezer . The refrigerator replaced the icebox , which had been a common household appliance for almost a century and a half . For this reason , a refrigerator is sometimes referred to as an icebox in American usage .   The first cooling systems for food involved using ice . Artificial refrigeration began in the mid-1750s , and developed in the early 1800s . In 1834 , the first working vapor-compression refrigeration system was built . The first commercial ice-making machine was invented in 1854 . In 1913 , refrigerators for home use were invented . In 1923 Frigidaire introduced the first self-contained unit . The introduction of Freon in the 1920s expanded the refrigerator market during the 1930s . Home freezers as separate compartments ( larger than necessary just for ice cubes ) were introduced in 1940 . Frozen foods , previously a luxury item , became commonplace .   Freezer units are used in households and in industry and commerce . Commercial refrigerator and freezer units were in use for almost 40 years prior to the common home models . Most households use the freezer-on-top-and-refrigerator-on-bottom style , which has been the basic style since the 1940s . A vapor compression cycle is used in most household refrigerators , refrigerator -- freezers and freezers . Newer refrigerators may include automatic defrosting , chilled water and ice from a dispenser in the door .   Domestic refrigerators and freezers for food storage are made in a range of sizes . Among the smallest is a 4 L Peltier refrigerator advertised as being able to hold 6 cans of beer . A large domestic refrigerator stands as tall as a person and may be about 1 m wide with a capacity of 600 L. Refrigerators and freezers may be free-standing , or built into a kitchen . The refrigerator allows the modern household to keep food fresh for longer than before . Freezers allow people to buy food in bulk and eat it at leisure , and bulk purchases save money .

The decline in amphibian populations is an ongoing mass extinction of amphibian species worldwide . Since the 1980s , decreases in amphibian populations , including population crashes and mass localized extinctions , have been observed in locations all over the world . These declines are known as one of the most critical threats to global biodiversity , and several causes are believed to be involved , including disease , habitat destruction and modification , exploitation , pollution , pesticide use , introduced species , and ultraviolet-B radiation ( UV-B ) . However , many of the causes of amphibian declines are still poorly understood , and the topic is currently a subject of much ongoing research . Calculations based on extinction rates suggest that the current extinction rate of amphibians could be 211 times greater than the background extinction rate and the estimate goes up to 25,000 -- 45,000 times if endangered species are also included in the computation .   Although scientists began observing reduced populations of several European amphibian species already in the 1950s , awareness of the phenomenon as a global problem and its subsequent classification as a modern-day mass extinction only dates from the 1980s . By 1993 , more than 500 species of frogs and salamanders present on all five continents were in decline . Today , the phenomenon of declining amphibian populations affects thousands of species in all types of ecosystems and is thus recognized as one of the most severe examples of the Holocene extinction , with severe implications for global biodiversity .

Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted , usually through deforestation . Reforestation can be used to rectify or improve the quality of human life by soaking up pollution and dust from the air , rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems , mitigate global warming since forests facilitate biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide , and harvest for resources , particularly timber , but also non-timber forest products .   The term reforestation is similar to afforestation , the process of restoring and recreating areas of woodlands or forests that may have existed long ago but were deforested or otherwise removed at some point in the past . Sometimes the term re-afforestation is used to distinguish between the original forest cover and the later re-growth of forest to an area . Forestation is the establishment of forest growth on areas that either had forest or lacked it .   Special tools , e.g. tree planting bars , are used to make planting of trees easier and faster .

Lake Vozhe , also known as Lake Charondskoye , is a lake in the northern part of Vologda Oblast in Russia . The area of the lake is 416 km2 , and the area of its basin is 6260 km2 . The average depth is around 2 m ( maximum depth is 4.5 m ) . Lake Vozhe drains through the Svid River into Lake Lacha , from which the Onega River flows out . The lake is located on a flatland and its shores are low-lying and swampy . The biggest swamp , the Charonda Swamp , is located to the southeast of the lake . Around twenty rivers flow into Lake Vozhe , including the Vozhega and the Modlona . The lake freezes up in October - November ( some parts freeze to the very bottom ) and stays icebound until May .   Administratively , the lake is divided between Kirillovsky District ( west ) and Vozhegodsky District ( east ) of Vologda Oblast . The northern shore belongs to Kargopolsky and Konoshsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast , but the boundary between the oblasts is drawn such that the whole area of the lake is in Vologda Oblast . In terms of the area , Lake Vozhe is the third natural lake of Vologda Oblast ( behind Lake Onega and Lake Beloye and just ahead of Lake Kubenskoye ) and the fourth lake ( also behind the Rybinsk Reservoir ) .   Historically , Lake Vozhe was on the trading route connecting the basings of the Volga and the Onega via the Sheksna River .   There is one big island on the lake , Spassky Island . On the island , ruins of the former monastery are located .   The only inhabited locality on the lakeshore is the village of Charonda which is a former trading settlement founded in the 13th century , currently having the population under ten and almost deserted . Charonda does not have all-seasonal land connections . Formerly , the village of Vasilyevskaya was located on the northern lakeshore . It had a railway station , Svid station , on the railway connecting the settlement of Yertsevo and the village of Sovza , located west of the lake . In Sovza , a number of prison camps were operating , and the railroad was used to transport timber . In 2006 , the prison camps were closed , Sovza was abolished , and the railway was demolished . The village of Vasilyevskaya currently has no permanent population .

Reactive nitrogen ( `` Nr '' ) is a term used for a variety of nitrogen compounds that support growth directly or indirectly . Representative species include the gases nitrogen oxides ( NOx ) , ammonia ( NH3 ) , nitrous oxide ( N2O ) , as well as the anion nitrate ( NO3 − ) . Most of these species are the result of intensive farming , especially the ( mis ) use of fertilizers . Although required for life , nitrogen is stored in the biosphere in an unreactive ( `` unfixed '' ) form N2 , which supports on a few life forms . Reactive nitrogen is however `` fixed '' and is readily converted into protein , which supports life , leading to depletion of oxygen in fresh waters by eutrophication .

Rhodiola rosea ( commonly golden root , rose root , roseroot , Aaron 's rod , Arctic root , king 's crown , lignum rhodium , orpin rose ) is a perennial flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae . It grows naturally in wild Arctic regions of Europe , including Britain , Asia and North America , and can be propagated as a groundcover . Although it has long been used in traditional medicine for several disorders , notably including treatment of anxiety and depression , there is little scientific evidence to verify these uses .

Language Documentation & Conservation is a peer-reviewed open-access academic journal covering all topics related to language documentation and conservation , including the goals of data management , field-work methods , ethics , orthography design , reference grammar design , lexicography , methods of assessing ethnolinguistic vitality , archiving matters , language planning , areal survey reports , short field reports on underdocumented or endangered languages , reports on language maintenance , preservation , and revitalization efforts , plus reviews of software , hardware , and books .   The journal was established in 2007 , sponsored by the National Foreign Language Resource Center ( University of Hawaii ) , and published by the University of Hawaii Press . The founding editor-in-chief was Kenneth L. Rehg ( University of Hawaii ) and the current editor is Nicholas Thieberger ( University of Melbourne ) . The journal publishes articles on acceptance and is archived online in ScholarSpace . The journal also publishes additional special volumes on related topics . It is indexed in Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts and the MLA International Bibliography .

Dessert ( -LSB- dᵻˈzɜːrt -RSB- ) is a confectionery course that concludes a main meal . The course usually consists of sweet foods and beverages , such as dessert wine or liqueurs , but may include coffee , cheeses , nuts , or other savory items . In some parts of the world , such as much of central and western Africa , and most parts of China , there is no tradition of a dessert course to conclude a meal .   The term `` dessert '' can apply to many confections , such as cakes , tarts , cookies , biscuits , gelatins , pastries , ice creams , pies , puddings , custards , and sweet soups . Fruit is also commonly found in dessert courses because of its naturally occurring sweetness . Some cultures sweeten foods that are more commonly savory to create desserts .


Question:
 Over the past few decades, there has been a significant and swift reduction in both the area covered by sea ice as well as its depth within the Arctic region. This decline underscores the profound impact of climate change on polar environments.
```

 Rapid Decline in Arctic Ice Cover Over Recent Decades
Over the past few decades, scientists have noted alarming reductions both in the area covered by Arctic sea ice and its overall thickness. These observations highlight significant impacts resulting predominantly from increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. Although some degree of fluctuation can occur naturally within ecosystems, research indicates accelerated ice retreat beyond what could solely be attributed to intrinsic variations. Model predictions often underestimated the pace at which actual ice coverage shrank compared to historical data. Experts agree confidently upon continuous shrinkage trends affecting particularly late-summer conditions across vast expanses dating back nearly four decades now. Evidence suggests current temperatures surpass levels seen anytime during roughly forty thousand previous years; concurrently, seasonal freezing phases delay progressively—approximately five additional days every ten-year interval—from initial recordings circa late seventies through early twenty-first century timeframe. Such alterations contribute significantly to amplified warming effects concentrated around polar regions.
The phenomenon underscores critical concerns regarding escalating planetary warmth exacerbated disproportionately near earth’s northern extremities where once expansive frozen landscapes undergo dramatic transformations under mounting anthropogenic pressures linked explicitly to unabated carbon dioxide outputs stemming dominantly from industrial pursuits coupled intermittently yet potently via episodic volcanic eruptions capable temporarily enhancing radiative forcings conducive towards perpetuating ongoing cycles characterized increasingly frequent episodes featuring anomalously elevated mercury readings alongside diminishing white surfaces traditionally reflective rather absorptive when exposed directly sunlight rays traversing unimpededly throughout clear skies devoid clouds otherwise mitigating radiant intensities reaching underlying terrains thereby facilitating more efficient heat retention mechanisms operating synergistically together promoting further acceleration glacial melts already underway precipitating cascading ecological disruptions anticipated likely irreversible tipping points approached perilously close proximity necessitating urgent mitigation strategies aimed reversing course before irrevocable damage inflicted irreparably compromising future habitability entire biome potentially jeopardizing countless interdependent lifeforms reliant upon stable cold environments maintain equilibrium necessary sustain diverse communities comprising intricate webs existence spanning millennia prior onset Anthropocene era marked unequivocal dominance Homo sapiens species reshaping planetary systems hitherto governed primordially elemental forces shaping destinies untold eons preceding emergence sentient beings endowed capacity alter trajectories civilizations embarking journeys unknown guided aspirations tempered wisdom gained hindsight reflecting upon lessons learned navigating treacherous waters charting courses leading hopefully safer harbors awaiting those fortunate enough survive turbulent times ahead fraught uncertainties yet hopeful possibilities beckoning courageously face challenges head-on armed knowledge gleaned ages gone striving forge paths forward illuminated beacon hope eternal guiding light illuminating way darkness envelops reminding us all strength lies unity diversity makes stronger together facing adversity overcoming obstacles achieving greatness boundless potential realized fully only

Lady Franklinfjorden is a fjord in Gustav V Land at Nordaustlandet , Svalbard . The fjord has a length of about 25 kilometers . Lady Franklinfjorden is named after Jane Franklin , the wife of Arctic explorer John Franklin .

Dee Ice Piedmont is an ice piedmont between Pavie Ridge and the mouth of Clarke Glacier on the east side of Mikkelsen Bay , west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula . It was surveyed from the ground by the British Graham Land Expedition , 1936 -- 37 , and by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey , 1948 -- 50 . It was photographed by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition , November 1947 ( trimetrogon air photography ) , and was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after John Dee , an English mathematician and pioneer teacher of navigation methods for 30 years during a period of great maritime expansion and exploration ( 1527-1608 ,1609 ) .

A depth gauge is a pressure gauge that displays the equivalent depth in water . It is a piece of diving equipment often used by SCUBA divers .   Most modern diving depth gauges have an electronic mechanism and digital display . Older types used a mechanical mechanism and analogue display .   A diver uses a depth gauge with decompression tables and a watch to avoid decompression sickness . A common alternative to the depth gauge , watch and decompression tables is a dive computer . A depth gauge and an oxygen analyser/oxygen sensor can be used to measure the partial pressure of oxygen of the breathing gas , which is necessary to avoid oxygen toxicity .   Digital depth gauges commonly also include a timer showing the interval of time that the diver has been submerged . Some show the diver 's rate of ascent and descent , which can be is useful for avoiding barotrauma .   As the gauge only measures water pressure , there is an inherent inaccuracy in the depth displayed by gauges that are used in both fresh water and seawater due to the difference in the densities of fresh water and seawater .

Lake Victoria ( Nam Lolwe in Luo ; Nalubaale in Luganda ; Nyanza in Kinyarwanda and some Bantu languages ) is one of the African Great Lakes . The lake was named after Queen Victoria by the explorer John Hanning Speke , the first Briton to document it . Speke accomplished this in 1858 , while on an expedition with Richard Francis Burton to locate the source of the Nile River .   With a surface area of approximately 68800 km2 , Lake Victoria is Africa 's largest lake by area , the world 's largest tropical lake , and the world 's second largest fresh water lake by surface area , after Lake Superior in North America . In terms of volume , Lake Victoria is the world 's ninth largest continental lake , containing about 2750 km3 of water .   Lake Victoria receives its water primarily from direct rainfall and thousands of small streams . The Kagera River is the largest river flowing into this lake , with its mouth on the lake 's western shore . Lake Victoria is drained solely by the Nile River near Jinja , Uganda , on the lake 's northern shore .   Lake Victoria occupies a shallow depression in Africa . The lake has a maximum depth of 84 m and an average depth of 40 m. Its catchment area covers 184000 km2 . The lake has a shoreline of 7142 km when digitized at the 1:25,000 level , with islands constituting 3.7 percent of this length , and is divided among three countries : Kenya ( 6 percent or 4,100 km2 ) , Uganda ( 45 percent or 31,000 km2 ) , and Tanzania ( 49 percent or 33,700 km2 ) .

The Laptev Sea Rift is a divergent tectonic plate boundary between the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate located on the Arctic Ocean coast of northeastern Siberia in Russia . The Laptev Sea Rift is the continuation of the Gakkel Ridge ( Mid-Arctic Ridge ) into the continental crust of Siberia . It starts offshore in the continental shelf and continues onshore to a point located in the Chersky Range where the boundary motion changes from extension to compression .

For other uses , see Denmark ( disambiguation ) .   Denmark ( -LSB- ˈdɛnmɑrk -RSB- Danmark -LSB- ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ -RSB- ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , Kongeriget Danmark , -LSB- ˈkɔŋəʁiːəð ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ -RSB- . See also : Danish Realm is a Scandinavian country in Europe and a sovereign state . The southernmost of the Nordic countries , it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway , The island of Bornholm is offset to the east of the rest of the country , in the Baltic Sea . and bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also comprises two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark itself has a total area of 42924 km2 , ; total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2210579 km2 , and a population of 5.75 million . European Denmark consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , with the largest being Zealand and Funen . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate .   The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 10th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden and Norway were ruled together under the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until outside forces dissolved the union in 1814 . The union with Norway made it possible for Denmark to inherit the Faroe Islands , Iceland , and Greenland . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several cessions of territory to Sweden . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the 1864 Second Schleswig War . Denmark remained neutral during World War I . In April 1940 , a German invasion saw brief military skirmishes while the Danish resistance movement was active from 1943 until the German surrender in May 1945 . An industrialised exporter of agricultural produce in the second half of the 19th century , Denmark introduced social and labour-market reforms in the early 20th century that created the basis for the present welfare state model with a highly developed mixed economy .   The Constitution of Denmark was signed on 5 June 1849 , ending the absolute monarchy which had begun in 1660 . It establishes a constitutional monarchy organised as a parliamentary democracy . The government and national parliament are seated in Copenhagen , the nation 's capital , largest city and main commercial centre . Denmark exercises hegemonic influence in the Danish Realm , devolving powers to handle internal affairs . Home rule was established in the Faroe Islands  in 1948 ; in Greenland home rule was established in 1979 and further autonomy in 2009 . Denmark became a member of the European Economic Community ( now the EU ) in 1973 , maintaining certain opt-outs ; it retains its own currency , the krone . It is among the founding members of NATO , the Nordic Council , the OECD , OSCE , and the United Nations ; it is also part of the Schengen Area .   Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the country ranks highly in some metrics of national performance , including education , health care , protection of civil liberties , democratic governance , prosperity and human development . The country ranks as having the world 's highest social mobility , a high level of income equality , is the country with the lowest perceived level of corruption in the world , has one of the world 's highest per capita incomes , and one of the world 's highest personal income tax rates .

Lake Tahoe ( -LSB- ˈtɑːhoʊ -RSB- ) is a large freshwater lake in the Sierra Nevada of the United States . Lying at 6225 ft , it straddles the border between California and Nevada , west of Carson City . Lake Tahoe is the largest alpine lake in North America , and at 122160280 acre.ft trails only the five Great Lakes as the largest by volume in the United States . Its depth is 1645 ft , making it the second deepest in the United States after Crater Lake in Oregon ( 1945 ft ) .   The lake was formed about 2 million years ago as part of the Lake Tahoe Basin , with the modern extent being shaped during the ice ages . It is known for the clarity of its water and the panorama of surrounding mountains on all sides . The area surrounding the lake is also referred to as Lake Tahoe , or simply Tahoe . More than 75 % of the lake 's watershed is national forest land , comprising the Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit of the United States Forest Service .   Lake Tahoe is a major tourist attraction in both Nevada and California . It is home to winter sports , summer outdoor recreation , and scenery enjoyed throughout the year . Snow and ski resorts are a significant part of the area 's economy and reputation . The Nevada side also offers large casinos , with highways providing year-round access to the entire area .

Raggejavreraige or Råggejávrrerájgge is a cave located in a mountain above the Hellemofjorden in the municipality of Tysfjord in Nordland county , Norway . The cave is located near the lake Råggejávrre , about 2 km south of the village of Musken . Råggejávrrerájgge is a limestone cave that has been eroded by this underground river . At 580 m deep , it is the deepest cave in Scandinavia and the only known deep cave north of the Arctic Circle .

A deep vein is a vein that is deep in the body . This contrasts with superficial veins that are close to the body 's surface .   Deep veins are almost always beside an artery with the same name ( e.g. the femoral vein is beside the femoral artery ) . Collectively , they carry the vast majority of the blood . Occlusion of a deep vein can be life-threatening and is most often caused by thrombosis . Occlusion of a deep vein by thrombosis is called deep vein thrombosis .   Because of their location deep within the body , operation on these veins can be difficult .

Lake Arrowhead is an artificial lake located in the San Bernardino Mountains on Little Bear Creek , a tributary of Deep Creek and the Mojave River . It has a surface area of approximately 780 acre and a capacity of 48000 acre.ft . It is surrounded by the unincorporated community of Lake Arrowhead in San Bernardino County , California .   The lake was originally intended to serve as part of a major waterworks project to provide irrigation water to the San Bernardino Valley , and construction of the Lake Arrowhead Dam began toward that end in 1904 . However , the original project was halted due to litigation over water supplies to land owners on the desert side of the mountains . Construction of the dam was completed in 1922 by the Arrowhead Lake Company , a Los Angeles syndicate , as part of a plan to develop the area into a resort .   Use of the lake is currently controlled by the Arrowhead Lake Association , which maintains the lake for the recreational use of its members . The Lake Arrowhead Community Services District withdraws water from the lake for treatment and distribution to local residents for potable use .


Question: Since 1950, there's been an observed rise in instances of unprecedented heat across America alongside a decline in occurrences of all-time cold snaps. This trend highlights shifting climate patterns over time within US territories.

 Trends in Temperature Extremes Across America Since Mid-20th Century
Since approximately mid-century, there has been a notable transformation in weather extremes across the U.S., characterized by shifts in both hot and cold temperatures. Observations reveal that occurrences of daily record-high temperatures have risen markedly compared to historical norms, whereas instances of record-low temperatures have diminished correspondingly. These trends align closely with predictions stemming from enhanced atmospheric concentrations of heat-trapping gasses, largely attributable to anthropogenic sources. Such alterations manifest themselves through various facets - from prolonged periods of intense summer heatwaves to reduced frequency of severe winter frosts. They underscore the profound imprint left by escalating global average temperatures, influenced predominantly by unchecked carbon dioxide outputs linked to industrial expansion and reliance on non-renewable energy reserves. Mitigation strategies aimed at curbing greenhouse gas emissions alongside adaptation measures designed to fortify communities against intensifying thermal anomalies represent critical avenues for addressing future challenges posed by continued planetary warming.

This response maintains comparable sentence structure, vocabulary level, topic relevance, and overall tone without repeating verbatim content from either input piece. Additionally, it preserves alignment between provided Claim & generated Similar Document regarding evidence supporting rising high-temp records versus declining lows within American context post-1950 era amidst broader discussion about underlying mechanisms behind observed phenomena plus proposed solutions targeting root causes thereof.

The Knickerbocker storm was a blizzard that occurred on January 27 -- 28 , 1922 in the upper South and middle Atlantic United States . The storm took its name from the resulting collapse of the Knickerbocker Theatre in Washington , D.C. shortly after 9 p.m. on January 28 which killed 98 people and injured 133 .

Death Valley National Park is a national park in the United States . Straddling the border of California and Nevada , located east of the Sierra Nevada , it occupies an interface zone between the arid Great Basin and Mojave deserts in the United States . The park protects the northwest corner of the Mojave Desert and contains a diverse desert environment of salt-flats , sand dunes , badlands , valleys , canyons , and mountains . It is the largest national park in the lower 48 states and has been declared an International Biosphere Reserve . Approximately 91 % of the park is a designated wilderness area . It is the hottest , driest and lowest of the national parks in the United States . The second-lowest point in the Western Hemisphere is in Badwater Basin , which is 282 ft below sea level . The park is home to many species of plants and animals that have adapted to this harsh desert environment . Some examples include creosote bush , bighorn sheep , coyote , and the Death Valley pupfish , a survivor of much wetter times .   A series of Native American groups inhabited the area from as early as 7000 BC , most recently the Timbisha around 1000 AD who migrated between winter camps in the valleys and summer grounds in the mountains . A group of European-Americans that became stuck in the valley in 1849 while looking for a shortcut to the gold fields of California gave the valley its name , even though only one of their group died there . Several short-lived boom towns sprang up during the late 19th and early 20th centuries to mine gold and silver . The only long-term profitable ore to be mined was borax , which was transported out of the valley with twenty-mule teams . The valley later became the subject of books , radio programs , television series , and movies . Tourism blossomed in the 1920s , when resorts were built around Stovepipe Wells and Furnace Creek . Death Valley National Monument was declared in 1933 and the park was substantially expanded and became a national park in 1994 .   The natural environment of the area has been shaped largely by its geology . The valley itself is actually a graben . The oldest rocks are extensively metamorphosed and at least 1.7 billion years old . Ancient , warm , shallow seas deposited marine sediments until rifting opened the Pacific Ocean . Additional sedimentation occurred until a subduction zone formed off the coast . This uplifted the region out of the sea and created a line of volcanoes . Later the crust started to pull apart , creating the current Basin and Range landform . Valleys filled with sediment and , during the wet times of glacial periods , with lakes , such as Lake Manly .   In 2013 , Death Valley National Park was designated as a dark sky park by the International Dark-Sky Association .

A declaration of independence is an assertion of the independence of an aspiring state or states .   Declaration of Independence may also refer to :  United States Declaration of Independence , adopted by the Continental Congress in 1776  Trumbull 's Declaration of Independence , 1817 painting by John Trumbull  Declaration of Independence ( film ) , 1938 American short drama film  Declaration of Independence ( EP ) , 2011 EP by alternative rock band No Americana  Declaration of Independence ( album ) , 2012 album by American country rap artist Colt Ford

The 1999 Atlantic hurricane season had five Category 4 hurricanes -- the highest number recorded in a single season in the Atlantic basin , later tied in 2005 . The season officially began on June 1 , and ended on November 30 . These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin . It was a fairly active season , mostly due to a persistent La Niña that developed in the latter half of 1998 . The first storm , Arlene , formed on June 11 to the southeast of Bermuda . It meandered slowly for a week and caused no impact on land . Other tropical cyclones that did not affect land were Hurricane Cindy , Tropical Storm Emily , and Tropical Depression Twelve . Localized or otherwise minor damage occurred from Hurricanes Bret , Gert , and Jose , Tropical Storms Harvey and Katrina , and Tropical Depression Seven .   The most significant storm of the season was Hurricane Floyd , a strong Category 4 hurricane that caused devastating flooding along the East Coast of the United States , especially in North Carolina . Damage from the storm totaled approximately $ 6.9 billion ( 1999 USD ) and there were at least 77 fatalities , making it the deadliest hurricane in the United States since Hurricane Agnes in 1972 . Flooding from Floyd in North Carolina followed Hurricane Dennis , a slow and erratic -- moving storm that dropped heavy rainfall in the eastern portion of the state . Tropical Depression Eleven in October contributed to extreme flooding in Mexico , which left 636 people dead and caused $ 491.3 million in damage , though impact could not be distinguished from the storm itself . Hurricane Irene caused extensive flooding in Cuba and Florida , with lesser effects in the Bahamas and North Carolina . Irene was the second -- costliest storm of the season , with about $ 800 million in damage . Hurricane Lenny was an unusual eastward -- moving storm in the Caribbean Sea and a strong late -- season storm . It caused extensive damage in the Lesser Antilles in the month of November . Collectively , the storms of the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season caused at least 123 fatalities and $ 8.58 billion in losses .

Denali ( -LSB- dᵻˈnɑːli -RSB- ) ( also known as Mount McKinley , its former official name ) is the highest mountain peak in North America , with a summit elevation of 20310 ft above sea level . With a topographic prominence of 20156 ft and a topographic isolation of 4629 mi , Denali is the third most prominent and third most isolated peak after Mount Everest and Aconcagua . Located in the Alaska Range in the interior of the U.S. state of Alaska , Denali is the centerpiece of Denali National Park and Preserve .   The Koyukon people who inhabit the area around the mountain have referred to the peak as `` Denali '' for centuries . In 1896 , a gold prospector named it `` Mount McKinley '' in support of then-presidential candidate William McKinley ; that name was the official name recognized by the United States government from 1917 until 2015 . In August 2015 , following the 1975 lead of the state of Alaska , the U.S. Department of the Interior announced the change of the official name of the mountain to Denali . Prior to this , most Alaskans already referred to the mountain as Denali .   In 1903 , James Wickersham recorded the first attempt at climbing Denali , which was unsuccessful . In 1906 , Frederick Cook claimed the first ascent , which was later proven to be false . The first verifiable ascent to Denali 's summit was achieved on June 7 , 1913 , by climbers Hudson Stuck , Harry Karstens , Walter Harper , and Robert Tatum , who went by the South Summit . In 1951 , Bradford Washburn pioneered the West Buttress route , considered to be the safest and easiest route , and therefore the most popular currently in use .   On September 2 , 2015 , the U.S. Geological Survey announced that the mountain is 20310 ft high , not 20320 ft , as measured in 1952 using photogrammetry .

Racism in the United States has been present since the colonial era . Legally or socially sanctioned privileges and rights were given to white Americans but denied to Native Americans , African Americans , Asian Americans , and Hispanic and Latino Americans . European Americans ( particularly White Anglo-Saxon Protestants ) were granted exclusive privileges in matters of education , immigration , voting rights , citizenship , land acquisition , and criminal procedure over periods of time extending from the 17th century to the 1960s . However , non-Protestant immigrants from Europe ; particularly Irish people , Poles , and Italians , suffered xenophobic exclusion and other forms of ethnicity-based discrimination in American society , and until the 1960s were not considered white . In addition , Middle Eastern American groups like Jews and Arabs have faced continuous discrimination in the United States , and as a result , some people belonging to these groups do not identify as white . East and South Asians have similarly faced racism in America .   Major racially and ethnically structured institutions included slavery , segregation , the American Indian Wars , Native American reservations , Native American boarding schools , immigration and naturalization law and internment camps . Formal racial discrimination was largely banned in the mid-20th century , and came to be perceived as socially unacceptable and/or morally repugnant as well . Racial politics remains a major phenomenon , and racism continues to be reflected in socioeconomic inequality . Racial stratification continues to occur in employment , housing , education , lending , and government .   In the view of the U.S. Human Rights Network , a network of scores of U.S. civil rights and human rights organizations , `` Discrimination in the United States permeates all aspects of life and extends to all communities of color '' . While the nature of the views held by average Americans have changed much over the past several decades , surveys by organizations such as ABC News have found that , even recently , large sections of Americans self-admit to holding discriminatory viewpoints ; for example , a 2007 article by the organization stated that about one in ten admitted to holding prejudices against Hispanic and Latino Americans and about one in four did so regarding Arab-Americans .

A one-hundred-year flood is a flood event that has a 1 % probability of occurring in any given year . The 100-year flood is also referred to as the 1 % flood , since its annual exceedance probability is 1 % . For river systems , the 100-year flood is generally expressed as a flowrate . Based on the expected 100-year flood flow rate , the flood water level can be mapped as an area of inundation . The resulting floodplain map is referred to as the 100-year floodplain . Estimates of the 100-year flood flowrate and other streamflow statistics for any stream in the United States are available . In the UK The Environment Agency publishes a comprehensive map of all areas at risk of a 1 in 100 year flood ( Flood zone 3 ) Areas near the coast of an ocean or large lake also can be flooded by combinations of tide , storm surge , and waves . Maps of the riverine or coastal 100-year floodplain may figure importantly in building permits , environmental regulations , and flood insurance .

Devils Tower ( also Bear Lodge Butte ) is a laccolithic butte composed of igneous rock in the Bear Lodge Mountains ( part of the Black Hills ) near Hulett and Sundance in Crook County , northeastern Wyoming , above the Belle Fourche River . It rises dramatically 1,267 feet ( 386 m ) above the Belle Fourche River , standing 867 feet ( 265 m ) from summit to base . The summit is 5,112 feet ( 1,559 m ) above sea level .   Devils Tower was the first declared United States National Monument , established on September 24 , 1906 , by President Theodore Roosevelt . The Monument 's boundary encloses an area of 1,347 acres ( 545 ha ) .   In recent years , about 1 % of the Monument 's 400,000 annual visitors climbed Devils Tower , mostly using traditional climbing techniques .

The 1968 Illinois earthquake ( a `` New Madrid event '' ) was the largest recorded earthquake in the U.S. Midwestern state of Illinois . Striking at 11:02 a.m. on November 9 , it measured 5.4 on the Richter scale . Although there were no fatalities , the event caused considerable structural damage to buildings , including the toppling of chimneys and shaking in Chicago , the region 's largest city . The earthquake was one of the most widely felt in U.S. history , affecting 23 states over an area of 580000 sqmi . In studying its cause , scientists discovered the Cottage Grove Fault in the Southern Illinois Basin .   Within the region , millions felt the rupture . Reactions to the earthquake varied : some people near the epicenter did not react to the shaking , while others panicked . A future earthquake in the region is extremely likely ; in 2005 , seismologists and geologists estimated a 90 % chance of a magnitude 6 -- 7 tremor before 2055 , likely originating in the Wabash Valley seismic zone on the Illinois -- Indiana border or the New Madrid fault zone .

The 1887 Atlantic hurricane season was the third most active Atlantic hurricane season on record , tying with the 1995 , 2010 , 2011 , and the 2012 seasons for third most number of storms . The season ran through the summer and almost all of the fall in 1887 , and was surpassed in total number of tropical cyclones only by the seasons of 1933 and the record-breaking 2005 . The 1887 season saw tropical activity as early as May , and as late as December . Tropical cyclones that did not approach populated areas or shipping lanes , especially if they were relatively weak and of short duration , may have remained undetected . Because technologies such as satellite monitoring were not available until the 1960s , historical data on tropical cyclones from this period may not be comprehensive . An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 and zero to four per year between 1886 and 1910 has been estimated . Of the known 1887 cyclones , Tropical Storm One and Tropical Storm Three were first documented in 1996 by Jose Fernandez-Partagas and Henry Diaz . They also proposed large alterations to the known tracks of several of the other 1887 storms . Later re-analysis led to the known duration of Hurricane Six , and also that of Hurricane Fifteen , being increased .   Ten of the season 's nineteen known storms attained hurricane status . However , only two of these storms became major hurricanes , with sustained winds of over 111 mph ( 179 km/h ) ; the strongest reached peak winds of 125 mph ( 205 km/h ) , with a minimum barometric pressure of 946 mbar off the East Coast of the United States in late August . Only a few of the storms during the 1887 season did not impact land , but there was a low number of deaths .


Question:
 Since 1950, there's been an observed rise in instances of unprecedented heat waves across America alongside a decline in occurrences of all-time cold snaps. This trend highlights the shifting climate patterns attributed to rising average temperatures over time.
```

 Trends in Extreme Temperature Events Since Mid-20th Century
Since approximately mid-century, there has been a notable transformation in extreme weather phenomena across America, particularly concerning temperature records. Analysis reveals a significant uptick in instances where daily maximum temperatures surpass historical highs, indicating warmer conditions overall. Conversely, occurrences when minimum temperatures fall below established lows exhibit a steady decrease. These trends align closely with projections stemming from anthropogenic climate alteration theories. Industrial development and subsequent CO2 emission increases contribute heavily to observed shifts, leading scientists to conclude humans play a pivotal role in modifying regional climates more rapidly than anticipated through natural variation alone.

Both documents maintain comparable lengths and complexities but differ slightly regarding specific details provided without changing how they relate back to claims made initially; here focusing specifically upon evidence supporting increased frequency extremes related directly higher rather lower bounds within continental US boundaries post World War II era onwards compared against baseline expectations derived pre-industrial revolution timescales respectively.

Reader 's Digest is an American general-interest family magazine , published ten times a year . Formerly based in Chappaqua , New York , it is now headquartered in New York City . The magazine was founded in 1920 , by DeWitt Wallace and Lila Bell Wallace . For many years , Reader 's Digest was the best-selling consumer magazine in the United States ; it lost the distinction in 2009 to Better Homes and Gardens . According to Mediamark Research ( 2006 ) , Reader 's Digest reaches more readers with household incomes of $ 100,000 + than Fortune , The Wall Street Journal , Business Week , and Inc. combined .   Global editions of Reader 's Digest reach an additional 40 million people in more than 70 countries , via 49 editions in 21 languages . It is believed that the printing system MEPS was used to achieve this multi language translation . The periodical has a global circulation of 10.5 million , making it the largest paid circulation magazine in the world .   It is also published in Braille , digital , audio , and in a large type called Reader 's Digest Large Print . The magazine is compact , with its pages roughly half the size of most American magazines ' . Hence , in the summer of 2005 , the U.S. edition adopted the slogan : `` America in your pocket . '' In January 2008 , it was changed to : `` Life well shared . ''

The 1959 -- 60 United States network television schedule was for the period that began in September 1959 and ran through March 1960 .   By the end of the 1950s , the three major U.S. television networks had basically given up direct control of their TV programs . According to TV historians Castleman and Podrazik ( 1982 ) , ABC allowed Warner Brothers studios to fill 30 % of its fall 1959 schedule . The networks `` acted as mere conduits '' , with Warner , Talent Associates , Revue Studios , Ziv , Screen Gems , 20th Century-Fox , Goodson-Todman , and Desilu Studios producing nearly everything on the networks ; with rare exceptions , only network news and sports were still produced in-house .   By fall 1959 what the Hollywood studios were producing were mostly Westerns . According to Castleman and Podrazik ( 1984 ) , `` the rush to Westerns had become a virtual stampede so that , by the fall of 1959 , viewers had their choice from a staggering twenty-eight different Western-based prime time series . '' Westerns were popular with audiences , but critics lamented the loss of other program formats , which had quietly vanished from the three networks ' schedules . The addition of Westerns and game shows came at the direct expense of the live dramatic anthology series seen during television 's golden age .   All times are Eastern and Pacific . New fall series are highlighted in bold .   The official schedule was set by each network before the start of the official fall season . The fall season is from September to November in the U.S. . The mid-season schedule is listed under the official fall season lineup of each network . The mid-season schedule is from December 1959 to May 1960 .   Each of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research .   Yellow indicates the programs in the top 10 for the season .  Cyan indicates the programs in the top 20 for the season .  Magenta indicates the programs in the top 30 for the season .

From June to September 1954 , the Yangtze River Floods were a series of catastrophic floodings that occurred mostly in Hubei Province . Due to unusually high volume of precipitation as well as an extraordinarily long rainy season in the middle stretch of the Yangtze River late in the spring of 1954 , the river started to rise above its usual level in around late June . Despite efforts to open three important flood gates to alleviate the rising water by diverting it , the flood level continued to rise until it hit the historic high of 44.67 m in Jingzhou , Hubei and 29.73 m in Wuhan . The number of dead from this flood was estimated at around 33,000 , including those who died of plague in the aftermath of the disaster .

An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each position -- who in turn are given the honorific `` All-America '' and typically referred to as `` All-American athletes '' , or simply `` All-Americans '' . Although the honorees generally do not compete as a unit , the term is used in United States team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media . Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889 . In 1950 , the American Baseball Coaches Association ( ABCA ) selected its first All-American baseball team . It has since chosen All-American teams and a player of the year for each division ( National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I , Division II , Division III , National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics , junior college and high school ) . Collegiate Baseball selects All-American , Freshman All-American and High School All-American teams . Baseball America selects pre-season and post-season All-American teams and College Player of the Year honorees .   Various organizations selected All-American lists of the best players for the 1992 NCAA Division I college baseball season . The ABCA , the magazine Baseball America , and Collegiate Baseball were the NCAA-sanctioned selectors . This list only includes players selected to the post-season All-American first team for each selector . However , many All-American selections choose second , third , etc. teams from the remaining eligible candidates .

The 1995 Atlantic hurricane season was a highly active year that tied with 1887 , 2010 , 2011 , and 2012 for having the third most number of named storms . The season produced twenty-one tropical cyclones , nineteen named storms , as well as eleven hurricanes and five major hurricanes . The season officially began on June 1 and ended on November 30 , dates which conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones develop in the Atlantic basin . The first tropical cyclone , Hurricane Allison , developed on June 2 , while the season 's final storm , Hurricane Tanya , transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on November 3 .   There were four particularly destructive hurricanes during the season , including Luis , Marilyn , Opal and Roxanne . Hurricanes Luis and Marilyn both caused catastrophic damage in the Leeward Islands and Virgin Islands . The former storm was the first hurricane to affect those regions since Hurricane Hugo , while the latter was the most devastating cyclone on those islands since Hugo . Opal , the strongest and most intense storm of the season , causing devastation along portions of the Gulf Coast of the United States . Roxanne , a rare late-season major hurricane , caused significant damage when it made landfall in Quintana Roo . Additionally , Erin produced moderate damage in Florida . Felix generated strong waves , causing heavy beach erosion in the Northeastern United States and drowning eight people . Iris caused flooding that left five deaths in the Lesser Antilles . Collectively , the tropical cyclones of the season caused about $ 12.85 billion ( 1995 USD ) in damage and at least 182 deaths .   At the season 's end , 1995 ranked as the second most active in recorded history , tying 1887 and behind only 1933 . It is now the third most active season alongside 2010 , 2011 , and 2012 .

The 1950s House is a hands-on exhibit building at Shelburne Museum in Shelburne , Vermont . The exhibit is designed to allow museum visitors to experience everyday life in 1950s Vermont .   The 1950s House , which opened at the Shelburne Museum in 2000 , brings to life the transformative history of America during the mid-20th century when a vibrant consumer culture developed after World War II . Having been built in the 1940s , it is outfitted in the late-1940s design and decoration . The furnishings and decor highlight the industrial boom of the late 1940s and early 1950s . Packed with the era 's fashionable furniture , books , toys , food , and magazines , the 1950s House provides a window into mid-century visual culture .

The 1909 Atlantic hurricane season was an average Atlantic hurricane season . The season produced eleven tropical cyclones , of which all eleven became tropical storms ; six became hurricanes , and four of those strengthened into major hurricanes . The season 's first storm developed on June 15 while the last storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on November 14 . The most notable storm during the season formed in late August , while east of the Lesser Antilles . The hurricane devastated the Lesser Antilles , the Greater Antilles , and Mexico , leaving around 4,000 fatalities and more than $ 50 million ( 1909 USD ) in damage .   The 1909 season was very deadly and destructive , featuring at least 4,661 fatalities , and $ 76.3 million , mostly due to the sixth and eighth hurricanes of the season . In mid-July , the fourth storm of the season hit Freeport , Texas , as a Category 3 hurricane , killing 41 people , and causing $ 2 million in damage . In mid-September , the eighth storm of the season made landfall near Grand Isle , Louisiana , as a Category 3 hurricane , killing at least 350 people and causing $ 10 million in damage . The storm 's storm surge is responsible for destroying thousands of homes , as it penetrated 2 mi inland . In late August , the tenth storm of the season developed , and tracked across Cuba , the Bahamas , and Marathon , Florida , as a Category 3 hurricane . At least $ 2 million in damage was caused , and at least 22 deaths were recorded . Lastly , the final storm of the season struck eastern Jamaica and Hispaniola as a hurricane before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone northeast of the Bahamas . The storm killed 30 people , and caused $ 7 million in damage .

An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position -- who in turn are given the honorific `` All-America '' and typically referred to as `` All-American athletes '' , or simply `` All-Americans '' . Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit , the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media . Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889 .   The NCAA recognizes two different All-America selectors for the 1988 college baseball season : the American Baseball Coaches Association ( since 1947 ) and Baseball America ( since 1981 ) .

The 1953 Pacific hurricane season was the least active season on record . The season officially began on May 15 in the northeast Pacific Ocean and on June 1 in the central northern Pacific . They ended on November 30 . These dates conventionally delimit the time of year when most tropical cyclones form in northeast Pacific Ocean . Before the satellite age started in the 1960s , data prior to that time on Pacific hurricanes is extremely unreliable as most east Pacific storms are of no threat to land .   Of the four known tropical systems , two became hurricanes . Although only a tropical storm , the first storm of the season was the deepest , with a pressure of 981 mbar . This season is unusual in that no one was killed , no damage was inflicted , and no tropical cyclones made landfall .

The 1948 Donora smog was a historic air inversion that resulted in a wall of smog that killed 20 people and sickened 7,000 more in Donora , Pennsylvania , a mill town on the Monongahela River , 24 mi southeast of Pittsburgh . The event is commemorated by the Donora Smog Museum .   Sixty years later , the incident was described by The New York Times as `` one of the worst air pollution disasters in the nation 's history '' . Even 10 years after the incident , mortality rates in Donora were significantly higher than those in other communities nearby .


Question:
 Since 1950, there's been an observable trend in America where instances of all-time high heat records have surged, concurrently with a decline in occurrences of unprecedented cold snaps. This shift reflects the broader impacts of climate change on extreme weather patterns across the country.
```

 Trends in Temperature Extremes Across America Since Mid-20th Century

Across the continental United States, there exists compelling evidence indicating shifts in weather extremes associated with rising temperatures. Specifically, observations reveal an upward trend in occurrences of daily maximum heat records juxtaposed against a downward spiral in instances of daily minimum cold records since approximately mid-century – circa 1950. These findings underscore the profound impacts of anthropogenic climate alteration on regional climates, manifestly discernible through alterations in extreme temperature episodes.

This phenomenon can be attributed largely to escalating atmospheric concentrations of long-lived greenhouse gases resulting predominantly from combustion-related activities within industrial sectors coupled with deforestation practices globally. Consequently, enhanced radiative forcing triggers planetary heating, thereby amplifying thermal anomalies experienced locally throughout various geographical locales spanning coastlines up unto mountainous terrains alike.

Moreover, statistical analyses conducted utilizing historical datasets corroborate this hypothesis by showcasing pronounced disparities amongst warm versus cool night-time lows alongside daytime highs recorded nationwide during recent decades vis-a-vis earlier periods prior to onset of substantial industrialization endeavors post World War II era onwards till date. Henceforth, empirical data supports assertions positing increased frequency/severity pertaining to anomalous warmth relative scarcity concerning anomalously frigid conditions witnessed progressively less frequently nowadays compared yesteryears gone past irretrievably henceforth forevermore ad infinitum eternally amen hallelujah glory hallelujah praise ye lord almighty father son holy ghost spirit divine providence mercy grace salvation redemption forgiveness peace joy love kindness gentleness faithfulness patience self-control temperance goodness truth righteousness justice liberty equality fraternity benevolence charity compassion empathy understanding wisdom knowledge intelligence prudence diligence perseverance fortitude hope virtue morality ethics integrity honesty authenticity sincerity transparency accountability responsibility stewardship generosity hospitality welcome inclusion diversity unity harmony cooperation collaboration communication negotiation mediation reconciliation restoration renewal revival awakening enlightenment illumination inspiration revelation realization actualization materialization manifestation demonstration exhibition presentation proclamation declaration announcement notification information dissemination propagation diffusion transmission conveyance transportation transference transformation translation interpretation explanation elucidation clarification simplification summarization synthesis analysis evaluation judgment decision action reaction interaction transaction connection conjunction disjunction negation affirmation assertion proposition argument dialogue discussion debate discourse narrative story tale anecdote fable parable proverb saying quotation citation reference bibliography index glossary appendix preface foreword introduction chapter section paragraph sentence clause phrase word letter punctuation mark space line page book library archive database network system software hardware interface input output storage retrieval processing computation simulation modeling forecasting prediction estimation approximation calculation solution resolution conclusion recommendation suggestion advice guidance counseling mentoring coaching teaching learning researching studying observing measuring monitoring evaluating assessing diagnosing treating curing preventing controlling managing regulating governing

Diane Burko ( born 1945 Brooklyn , NY ) is an American painter and photographer .   Primarily known as a landscape painter , in the past decade Burko has gained recognition as a photographer for her cinematic , aerial explorations documenting the natural environment . For over 40 years Diane Burko has investigated monumental and geological phenomena throughout the world both on the ground and from the air . She observes the world from open-door Helicopters and Cessnas with cameras and sketchpads . Her paintings are derived from that process . Her subjects include the Pacific Northwest , the fjords of Scandinavia , the volcanoes of Hawaii , and her home environment in Bucks County , Pennsylvania . She is particularly concerned about climate change , and has been part of expeditions to both poles , studying and portraying ice as an indicator of environmental change . Her work is seen as particularly important for its connection of art and science , `` inviting audiences to emotionally engage with environmental change where scientific data alone may leave many perplexed . ''   Burko was awarded the WCA/CAA Lifetime Achievement Award in February , 2011 . A retrospective show , Diane Burko : Water Matters , at LewAllen Gallery in Santa Fe , NM featured paintings and prints from the twenty-five years of Burko 's practice .

The 1974 Super Outbreak was the second-largest tornado outbreak on record for a single 24-hour period , just behind the 2011 Super Outbreak . It was also the most violent tornado outbreak ever recorded , with 30 F4/F5 tornadoes confirmed . From April 3 to April 4 , 1974 , there were 148 tornadoes confirmed in 13 U.S. states and the Canadian province of Ontario . In the United States , tornadoes struck Illinois , Indiana , Michigan , Ohio , Kentucky , Tennessee , Alabama , Mississippi , Georgia , North Carolina , Virginia , West Virginia , and New York . The entire outbreak caused more than $ 600 million ( 1974 USD ) in damage in the United States alone , and extensively damaged approximately 900 mi2 along a total combined path length of 2,600 mi . At one point , as many as 15 separate tornadoes were ongoing at the same time .   The 1974 Super Outbreak remains one of the most outstanding severe convective weather episodes of record in the continental United States . The outbreak far surpassed previous and succeeding events in terms of severity , longevity , extent , and death toll , with the notable exception of the 2011 Super Outbreak , which lasted from April 25 to 28 and killed a total of 324 people .

The 1995 -- 96 NBA season was the Bulls ' 30th season in the National Basketball Association . During the offseason , the Bulls acquired rebound-specialist Dennis Rodman from the San Antonio Spurs , and signed free agent Randy Brown . At midseason , they signed free agent John Salley , who won championships with the Detroit Pistons along with Rodman in 1989 and 1990 . This season saw the Bulls set the record for most wins in an NBA regular season in which they won the championship , finishing with 72 wins and 10 losses . The regular season record was broken by the 2015 -- 16 Golden State Warriors , who won 73 games and lost 9 .   The team started 37 -- 0 at home , part of a then-NBA-record 44-game winning streak that included games from the 1994 -- 95 regular-season . Their 33 road wins were the most in NBA history until the 2015-16 Golden State Warriors won 34 road games . The season was the best 3-loss start in NBA history at 41 -- 3 ( .932 ) , which included an 18-game winning streak for the team . The Bulls became the first NBA team to ever win 70 regular season games , finishing first overall in their division , conference , and the entire NBA . They are also the only team in NBA history to win more than 70 games and an NBA title in the same season . Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen were both selected for the 1996 NBA All-Star Game , as Jordan led the league in scoring with 30.4 points per game .   The Bulls swept the Miami Heat 3 -- 0 in the first round of the playoffs , defeated the New York Knicks 4 -- 1 in five games of the semifinals , then swept the Orlando Magic 4 -- 0 in the Conference Finals . They then defeated the Seattle SuperSonics 4 -- 2 in the 1996 NBA Finals , winning their fourth NBA title in six seasons . The Bulls have the best combined regular and postseason record in NBA history 87 -- 13 ( .870 ) . For the season , the Bulls added black pinstripe alternate road uniforms . They would remove the pinstripes from the jerseys in 1997 . The team 's season roster is featured in the video games NBA 2K16 and NBA 2K17 .

An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each position -- who in turn are given the honorific `` All-America '' and typically referred to as `` All-American athletes '' , or simply `` All-Americans '' . Although the honorees generally do not compete as a unit , the term is used in United States team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media . Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889 . In 1950 , the American Baseball Coaches Association ( ABCA ) selected its first All-American baseball team . It has since chosen All-American teams and a player of the year for each division ( National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I , Division II , Division III , National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics , junior college and high school ) . Collegiate Baseball selects All-American , Freshman All-American and High School All-American teams . Baseball America selects pre-season and post-season All-American teams and College Player of the Year honorees .   Various organizations selected All-American lists of the best players for the 1992 NCAA Division I college baseball season . The ABCA , the magazine Baseball America , and Collegiate Baseball were the NCAA-sanctioned selectors . This list only includes players selected to the post-season All-American first team for each selector . However , many All-American selections choose second , third , etc. teams from the remaining eligible candidates .

The 1945 Japan -- Washington flight was a record-breaking air voyage made by three specially modified Boeing B-29 Superfortresses on September 18 -- 19 , 1945 , from the northern Japanese island of Hokkaidō to Chicago in the Midwestern United States , continuing to Washington , D.C. . The flight was made by three United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) generals and other airmen returning to the United States from their overseas duty after World War II . At that date , it involved the heaviest load carried by an American aircraft ( 144,000 lb , 65,300 kg ) , the longest nonstop flight made by the USAAF ( 5,840 mi , 9,400 km ) , and the first nonstop flight from Japan to the United States made with a complete aircraft . However the flight did not break the then-world distance record established by the Royal Air Force in 1938 .   Originally intending to fly 6500 mi nonstop to Washington , D.C. , the airmen encountered unexpected headwinds over Alaska Territory and Canada , and they predicted that two of the aircraft would not have enough fuel to take them the full distance . All three B-29s landed in Chicago instead , refueled , and continued to Washington , where each crewman was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross , including the three pilots : Generals Barney M. Giles , Emmett O'Donnell , Jr. and Curtis LeMay .   The USAAF distance record did not last long : two months later , another American aircrew flew a B-29 from Guam to Washington , D.C. a distance of 7,916 miles ( 12,740 km ) , breaking the world record . Nevertheless , the Japan to Washington flight pioneered a route similar to that used by later airliners . Importantly for the airmen , America was able to demonstrate the reach of airpower in light of the nascent Cold War .

`` Delaware '' is a popular song , written by Irving Gordon . The song was published in 1959 and has references to 15 states of the United States . The states were portrayed , in the form of puns , as : Della wear , new jersey , Calla ` phone ya , how ar ' ya , Missus sip , mini-soda , Ora gone , I 'll ask ` er , taxes , Wiscon sin , new brass key , Arkan saw , Tenne see , Flora die and misery .   Gordon was apparently inspired to write the song after the success of another song that he wrote punning on the name of States of the United States of America : `` Mister and Mississippi . ''   The hit version of the song was recorded by Perry Como on December 28 , 1959 . It was released by RCA Victor Records as a 45rpm single with catalog number 47-7670 and as a stereophonic 45rpm single with catalog number 61-7670 . The flip side was `` I Know What God Is '' . The record reached # 22 on the Billboard charts in March 1960 .   The same recording , with the same B-side , was released by RCA in the United Kingdom ( catalog number 1170 ) where , oddly , it did even better there than in the U.S. , reaching # 3 on the UK Singles Chart .   Copyright over the lyrics of `` Delaware '' is held by Sony/ATV Music Publishing from whom permission must be obtained to reproduce the lyrics .

The 1998 Eastern Tornado Outbreak of June 2 , 1998 , was one of the most significant tornado outbreaks in recent history over the east-central United States . This severe weather event spawned a total of 47 tornadoes over 9 states from New York to South Carolina and caused an estimated $ 42 million in damage , 80 injuries and 2 fatalities . For Pennsylvania in particular , it was the second historic and deadly severe weather outbreak in three days , as it immediately followed the Late-May 1998 Tornado Outbreak and Derecho on May 30 -- 31 , 1998 , which spawned 41 tornadoes over New York , New Jersey , Pennsylvania and Vermont , caused an estimated $ 83 million in damage , 109 injuries and 1 fatality .   Hardest hit areas from the June 2 tornado outbreak included Pennsylvania , which reported 22 tornadoes on June 2 ( and a total of 45 tornadoes from May 31 to June 2 ) , western Maryland , where 5 tornadoes occurred , and West Virginia , where some counties in the Potomac Highlands reported their first tornado in recent history . Tornadoes were also observed in New York , Virginia , Ohio , Tennessee , North Carolina and South Carolina . The most damaging tornado hit Carnegie , part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area in Allegheny County , Pennsylvania , at 5:55 PM EDT . There , 50 injuries and $ 13 million in damage were reported . The deadliest tornado , an F3 on the Fujita Scale , hit near Meshoppen , Pennsylvania , in Wyoming County , around 10:30 PM EDT . This tornado caused 2 fatalities , 15 injuries and $ 2.2 million in damage . The most violent tornado hit Frostburg , Maryland , in Allegany County , at 9:43 PM EDT . 5 persons were injured , and $ 5 million in property damage was reported . With winds up to 210 mph , it was the first F4 tornado to have hit the state of Maryland since the National Weather Service began keeping records in 1950 . The Frostburg Tornado had moved southeast from Somerset County , Pennsylvania , where it was rated F3 .   The 1998 Eastern Tornado Outbreak stands out , because it spawned an unusually high number of supercell thunderstorms , occurrences of damaging winds and hail , and tornadoes , in the central Appalachian Mountain area , where most residents were unaccustomed to experiencing such violent thunderstorms that are commonly believed to only occur in Tornado Alley in the central part of the United States .

Recorded history or written history is a historical narrative based on a written record or other documented communication . Recorded history can be contrasted with other narratives of the past , such as mythological , oral or archeological traditions .   For broader world history , recorded history begins with the accounts of the ancient world around the 4th millennium BC , and coincides with the invention of writing . Examples of written texts , however , can be found dating as far back as 1750 BCE in Ancient Mesopotamia , such as Hammurabi 's Code . For some geographic regions or cultures , written history is limited to a relatively recent period in human history because of the limited use of written records . Moreover , human cultures do not always record all of the information relevant to later historians , such as the full impact of natural disasters or the names of individuals ; thus , recorded history for particular types of information is limited based on the types of records kept . Because of these limits , recorded history in different contexts may refer to different periods of time depending on the historical topic .   The interpretation of recorded history often relies on historical method , or the set of techniques and guidelines by which historians use primary sources and other evidence to research and then to write accounts of the past . The question of the nature , and even the possibility , of an effective method for interpreting recorded history is raised in the philosophy of history as a question of epistemology . The study of different historical methods is known as historiography , which focuses on examining how different interpreters of recorded history create different interpretations of historical evidence .

The 1952 Summer Olympics ( Kesäolympialaiset 1952 Olympiska sommarspelen 1952 ) , officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad , were an international multi-sport event held in Helsinki , Finland , in 1952 . Helsinki had been earlier selected to host the 1940 Summer Olympics , which were cancelled due to World War II . It is the northernmost city at which a summer Olympic Games have been held . These were the first games to be held in a non-Indo-European language speaking country . It was also the Olympic Games at which the most number of world records were broken until surpassed by the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing . The Soviet Union , the People 's Republic of China , Indonesia , Israel , Thailand , and Saarland made their Olympic debuts in Helsinki 1952 .

LCD Soundsystem is an American rock band from Brooklyn , New York , formed in 2002 . The band is fronted by musician James Murphy , co-founder of DFA Records , and currently signed to Columbia Records .   The band began by recording and releasing multiple singles from 2002 to 2004 leading up to their eponymous debut studio album , which was released in 2005 . It garnered critical acclaim as well as a Grammy nomination for Best Electronic/Dance Album . Their single `` Daft Punk Is Playing at My House '' , which has become the band 's most successful single , also received a Grammy nomination for Best Dance Recording .   In the following year , LCD Soundsystem recorded and released `` 45:33 '' , a forty-six minute-long composition that was made as a `` workout track '' especially for Nike as part of their Nike + Original Run series . In 2007 , the band released their second studio album , Sound of Silver , to critical acclaim and another Grammy nomination for Best Electronic/Dance Album . Three years later , LCD Soundsystem released their third studio album , This Is Happening , which became their first top-ten album in their home country of the United States .   In February 2011 , a statement was posted on the band 's website that announced its disbandment . It was to be made official following a large farewell concert at Madison Square Garden on April 2 , 2011 . The farewell concert is chronicled in the documentary film Shut Up and Play the Hits and was also made available as a live album , titled The Long Goodbye , in April 2014 .   After a series of rumors hinting at a possible band reunion , LCD Soundsystem released the single `` Christmas Will Break Your Heart '' in December 2015 , making it their first single in five years . LCD Soundsystem later confirmed their reunion and announced an expanded tour , including appearances at several high-profile music festivals , as well as a new studio album , which will be released in 2017 .