Question: Thus, anthropogenic discharges disrupt the ecological equilibrium, escalating atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations to unprecedented heights within the past 800 millennia.

 Carbon Dioxide Levels: An Unprecedented Rise Due To Human Activities
Carbon dioxide (CO2), a key component in regulating Earth’s atmospheric conditions, now reaches concentrations unseen within the last 800 millennia - all thanks to escalating human emissions. This disruption upsets nature's delicate equilibrium, contributing significantly to global warming trends. Scientific consensus attributes much of recent climate shifts directly to mankind's actions; specifically, burning fossil fuels releases vast quantities of CO2 into air, amplifying greenhouse effect beyond historical norms.
Historical data spanning multiple centuries confirm current temperatures surpass previous benchmarks recorded through various methods extending far back before modern instrumentation era began circa late eighteenth-century Europe. Paleoclimatologists use indirect indicators ('proxies') derived from ancient sources—like tree rings, corals & sediment layers—to reconstruct past climates accurately enough so we can compare them against contemporary observations confidently.
In light of overwhelming evidence linking man-made pollutants with accelerated planetary heating cycles, leading experts convened under auspices Inter-governmental Panel On Climate Change (IPCC) issued stark warnings regarding probable outcomes if business-as-usual persists unchecked throughout twenty-first century timeframe ahead. Projections suggest additional increases ranging anywhere upwards three degrees Celsius depending upon how aggressively societies curb output going forward.
Although uncertainties remain inherent across different geographical zones impacted differently according varying topographies, latitudes etc., general predictions encompass widespread consequences affecting ecosystems globally. Among anticipated phenomena: higher frequencies extreme weather occurrences typified hurricanes, drought spells interspersed torrential rains causing flash-flooding scenarios; shrinking habitable spaces owing coastal inundation triggered melting polar ice-caps; expanding desertification creeping northwards southward tropic regions respectively; cascading losses biodiversity resulting altered ecological niches unsuitable survival erstwhile thriving fauna flora types.
Mitigation strategies aimed curbing GHG discharge coupled adaptive measures safeguard vulnerable communities infrastructure form cornerstone proposed solutions tackling impending crisis head-on. International cooperation embodied framework agreements akin Kyoto Protocol Paris Accord underscore commitment combating shared adversities transcending borders ideologies alike. Yet despite growing awareness urgency matter amongst public policymakers alike, progress remains frustratingly slow incremental best case scenario outlooks considered optimistic given scale magnitude challenge confronting humanity wholeheartedly united front ever devised history mankind thusfar.

Radiocarbon is a scientific journal devoted to the topic of radiocarbon dating . It was founded in 1959 as a supplement to the American Journal of Science , and is an important source of data and information about radiocarbon dating . It publishes many radiocarbon results , and since 1979 it has published the proceedings of the international conferences on radiocarbon dating .

Kuru is a very rare , incurable neurodegenerative disorder that was formerly prevalent among the Fore people of Papua New Guinea . Kuru is caused by the transmission of abnormally folded prion proteins , which leads to symptoms such as tremors , loss of coordination , and neurodegeneration .   The term kuru derives from the Fore word kuria or guria ( `` to shake '' ) , due to the body tremors that are a classic symptom of the disease and kúru itself means `` trembling '' . It is now widely accepted that kuru was transmitted among members of the Fore tribe of Papua New Guinea via funerary cannibalism . Deceased family members were traditionally cooked and eaten , which was thought to help free the spirit of the dead . Females and children usually consumed the brain , the organ in which infectious prions were most concentrated , thus allowing for transmission of kuru . The disease was therefore more prevalent among women and children .   While the Fore people stopped eating human meat half a century ago , the disease lingered due to kuru 's long incubation period of anywhere from 10 to over 50 years . The epidemic declined sharply after discarding cannibalism , from 200 deaths per year in 1957 to 1 or no deaths annually in 2005 , with the last known kuru victim dying in 2009 .

The respiratory quotient ( or RQ or respiratory coefficient ) , is a dimensionless number used in calculations of basal metabolic rate ( BMR ) when estimated from carbon dioxide production . It is calculated from the ratio of carbon dioxide produced by the body to oxygen consumed by the body . Such measurements , like measurements of oxygen uptake , are forms of indirect calorimetry . It is measured using a respirometer . The Respiratory Quotient value indicates which macronutrients are being metabolized , as different energy pathways are used for fats , carbohydrates , and proteins . A value of 0.7 indicates that lipids are being metabolized , 0.8 for proteins , and 1.0 for carbohydrates . The approximate respiratory quotient of a mixed diet is 0.8 . Some of the other factors that may affect the respiratory quotient are energy balance , circulating insulin , and insulin sensitivity .   It can be used in the alveolar gas equation .

Landfill gas is a complex mix of different gases created by the action of microorganisms within a landfill . Landfill gas is approximately forty to sixty percent methane , with the remainder being mostly carbon dioxide . Trace amounts of other volatile organic compounds comprise the remainder ( < 1 % ) . These trace gases include a large array of species , mainly simple hydrocarbons .   Landfill gases have an influence on climate change . The major components are CO2 and methane , both of which are greenhouse gas . In terms of global warming potential , methane is over 25 times more detrimental to the atmosphere than carbon dioxide . Landfills are the third largest source of methane in the US .

The Delos Symposium was a forum for discussion and debate over issues of Ekistics , or the study of human settlements , in its widest sense .   The Symposium was organized by the Greek architect-planner , Constantinos Doxiadis in the Aegean Sea , on board his yacht , and was held each June from 1962 through 1974 , lasting about ten days . The proceedings were published in Ekistics Journal . Each year , prior to the Symposium , the Athens Ekistic Week was held , involving the Symposium participants in a larger meeting .

Deworming ( sometimes known as worming or drenching ) is the giving of an anthelmintic drug ( a wormer , dewormer , or drench ) to a human or animal to rid them of helminths parasites , such as roundworm , flukes and tapeworm . Purge dewormers for use in livestock can be formulated as a feed supplement that is eaten , a paste or gel that is deposited at the back of the animal 's mouth , a liquid drench given orally , an injectable , or as a pour-on which can be applied to the animal 's topline . In dogs and cats , purge dewormers come in many forms including a granular form to be added to food , pill form , chew tablets , and liquid suspensions .

Lake Tauca is a former lake in the Altiplano of Bolivia . It is also known as Lake Pocoyu for its constituent lakes : Lake Poopó , Salar de Coipasa and Salar de Uyuni . The lake covered large parts of the southern Altiplano between the Eastern Cordillera and the Western Cordillera , covering an estimated 48,000 to of the basins of present-day Lake Poopó and the Salars of Uyuni , Coipasa and adjacent basins . Water levels varied , possibly reaching 3800 m in altitude . The lake was saline . The lake received water from Lake Titicaca , but whether this contributed most of Tauca 's water or only a small amount is controversial ; the quantity was sufficient to influence the local climate and depress the underlying terrain with its weight . Diatoms , plants and animals developed in the lake , sometimes forming reef knolls .   The duration of Lake Tauca 's existence is uncertain . Research in 2011 indicated that the rise in lake levels began 18,500 BP , peaking 16,000 and 14,500 years ago . About 14,200 years ago , lake levels dropped before rising again until 11,500 years ago . Some researchers postulate that the last phase of Lake Tauca may have continued until 8,500 BP . The drying of the lake , which may have occurred because of the Bølling-Allerød climate oscillation , left the salt deposits of Salar de Uyuni .   Lake Tauca is one of several ancient lakes which formed in the Altiplano . Other known lakes are Lake Escara , Ouki , Salinas , Lake Minchin , Inca Huasi and Sajsi , in addition to several water-level rises of Lake Titicaca . The identity of these lakes is controversial ; Sajsi is often considered part of Lake Tauca , and the lake is frequently divided into an earlier ( Ticaña ) and a later ( Coipasa ) phase .   The formation of Lake Tauca depended on a reduction in air temperature over the Altiplano and an increase in precipitation , which may have been caused by shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone ( ITCZ ) and increased easterly winds . It was originally supposed that glacial melting might have filled Lake Tauca , but the quantity of water would not have been sufficient to fill the whole lake . The lake was accompanied by glacial advance , noticeable at Cerro Azanaques and Tunupa . Elsewhere in South America , water levels and glaciers also expanded during the Lake Tauca phase .

Radon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86 . It is a radioactive , colorless , odorless , tasteless noble gas . It occurs naturally as an intermediate step in the normal radioactive decay chains through which thorium and uranium slowly decay into lead ; radon , itself , is a decay product of radium . Its most stable isotope , 222Rn , has a half-life of 3.8 days . Since thorium and uranium are two of the most common radioactive elements on Earth , and since their isotopes have very long half-lives , on the order of billions of years , radon will be present in nature long into the future in spite of its short half-life as it is continually being regenerated .   Unlike all the other intermediate elements in the aforementioned decay chains , radon is , under normal conditions , gaseous and easily inhaled . Radon gas is a health hazard . It is often the single largest contributor to an individual 's background radiation dose , but due to local differences in geology , the level of the radon-gas hazard differs from location to location . Despite its short lifetime , radon gas from natural sources can accumulate in buildings , especially , due to its high density , in low areas such as basements and crawl spaces . Radon can also occur in ground water -- for example , in some spring waters and hot springs .   Epidemiological studies have shown a clear link between breathing high concentrations of radon and incidence of lung cancer . Radon is a contaminant that affects indoor air quality worldwide . According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency , radon is the second most frequent cause of lung cancer , after cigarette smoking , causing 21,000 lung cancer deaths per year in the United States . About 2,900 of these deaths occur among people who have never smoked . While radon is the second most frequent cause of lung cancer , it is the number one cause among non-smokers , according to EPA estimates . As radon itself decays , it produces other radioactive elements called radon daughters ( also known as radon progeny ) or decay products . Unlike the gaseous radon itself , radon daughters are solids and stick to surfaces , such as dust particles in the air . If such contaminated dust is inhaled , these particles can also cause lung cancer .

Lake Bogoria is a saline , alkaline lake that lies in a volcanic region in a half-graben basin south of Lake Baringo , Kenya , a little south of the equator . Lake Bogoria , like Lake Nakuru , Lake Elmenteita , and Lake Magadi further south in the Rift Valley , and Lake Logipi to the north , is home at times to one of the world 's largest populations of lesser flamingos . The lake is a Ramsar site and Lake Bogoria National Reserve has been a protected National Reserve since November 29 , 1973 . Lake Bogoria is shallow ( about 10 m depth ) , and is about 34 km long by 3.5 km wide , with a drainage basin of -LSB- -LSB- 1 E8 m2 | 700 km2 -RSB- -RSB- .   Local features include the Kesubo Swamp to the north and the Siracho Escarpment to the east , both within the National Reserve . The lake is also famous for geysers and hot springs along the bank of the lake and in the lake . In four locations around the lake can be observed at least 10 geysers , which erupt up to 5 m high . Geyser activity is affected by the fluctuations of lake level , which may inundate or expose some geysers .   The lake waters contain large concentrations of Na + , HCO3 − and CO32 − ions . They originate from inflow from the Sandai and Emsos rivers , and from about 200 alkaline hot springs that are present at three onshore sites : Loburu , Chemurkeu , and a southern group ( Ng ` wasis , Koibobei , Losaramat ) . Other springs discharge directly from the lake floor . Lake Bogoria also contains the highest concentration of true geysers in Africa ( at least 18 are known ) . The lake waters are alkaline ( pH :10.5 ) and saline ( up to 100 g/L total dissolved salts ) . The lake has no surface outlet so the water becomes saline mainly through evaporation , which is high in this semi-arid region . The lake itself is meromictic ( stratified ) with less dense surface waters lying on a denser more saline bottom waters . Although hypersaline , the lake is highly productive with abundant cyanobacteria ( Arthrospira fusiformis ) that feed the flamingoes , but few other organisms inhabit the lake e.g. the monogonont rotifer species Brachionus sp . Austria ( belonging to the Brachionus plicatilis cryptic species complex ) is found in high densities .   The lake has not always been saline . Sediment cores from the lake floor have shown that freshwater conditions existed for several periods during the past 10,000 years , and that lake level was up to about 9 m higher than its present level of about 990 m above sea-level . At times it might have overflowed northward towards Lake Baringo . At times , during the late Pleistocene it might have been united with a larger precursor of modern Lake Baringo , but this is still uncertain .   The lake area was the traditional home of the Endorois people , who were forced to leave the area in the 1970s and are now challenging their removal at the African Commission on Human and Peoples ' Rights .   Hotel accommodation is available near Loboi village at the north end of the lake . Camping is permitted at the southern end of the lake ( see North Lewis , 1998 , for details ) .

Land use , land-use change and forestry ( LULUCF ) is defined by the United Nations Climate Change Secretariat as a `` greenhouse gas inventory sector that covers emissions and removals of greenhouse gases resulting from direct human-induced land use , land-use change and forestry activities . ''   LULUCF has impacts on the global carbon cycle and as such , these activities can add or remove carbon dioxide ( or , more generally , carbon ) from the atmosphere , influencing climate . LULUCF has been the subject of two major reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) . Additionally , land use is of critical importance for biodiversity .


Question: Indeed, humans contribute approximately 26 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide annually; however, atmospheric levels increase by just around 15 billion tonnes yearly – indicating that substantial portions of anthropogenic CO2 outputs are getting assimilated by environmental reservoirs such as oceans or forests.

 Understanding Natural Sinks' Role in Absorbing Anthropogenic Emissions
Anthropogenic sources contribute significantly to atmospheric CO2 levels; however, nature plays its part through vast carbon-absorption systems—our crucial 'carbon sinks'. These ecosystems, ranging from lush forests to expansive oceans, act as vital repositories storing substantial amounts of carbon compounds indefinitely. Carbon sequestration, facilitated by these sinks, effectively mitigates excess atmospheric CO2—a mechanism increasingly recognized post-Kyoto Protocol implementation promoting ecological balance via enhanced carbon offsets. Various approaches aim to augment this inherent absorption capacity, underscoring humanity’s reliance on natural solutions amidst escalating emission challenges.

This response maintains the original document's structure (introducing concept → detailing importance → mentioning enhancement strategies) but shifts focus onto anthropogenic impacts & responses instead of general definitions & implications. Length, complexity, tone remain consistent ensuring no alteration occurs regarding how each piece relates back to given claims respectively.

Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa ( Asian rice ) or Oryza glaberrima ( African rice ) . As a cereal grain , it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world 's human population , especially in Asia . It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production ( rice , 741.5 million tonnes in 2014 ) , after sugarcane ( 1.9 billion tonnes ) and maize ( 1.0 billion tonnes ) .   Since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption , rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake , providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans . There are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally .   Rice , a monocot , is normally grown as an annual plant , although in tropical areas it can survive as a perennial and can produce a ratoon crop for up to 30 years . Rice cultivation is well-suited to countries and regions with low labor costs and high rainfall , as it is labor-intensive to cultivate and requires ample water . However , rice can be grown practically anywhere , even on a steep hill or mountain area with the use of water-controlling terrace systems . Although its parent species are native to Asia and certain parts of Africa , centuries of trade and exportation have made it commonplace in many cultures worldwide .   The traditional method for cultivating rice is flooding the fields while , or after , setting the young seedlings . This simple method requires sound planning and servicing of the water damming and channeling , but reduces the growth of less robust weed and pest plants that have no submerged growth state , and deters vermin . While flooding is not mandatory for the cultivation of rice , all other methods of irrigation require higher effort in weed and pest control during growth periods and a different approach for fertilizing the soil .   The name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera Zizania and Porteresia , both wild and domesticated , although the term may also be used for primitive or uncultivated varieties of Oryza .

In double entry bookkeeping , debits and credits ( abbreviated Dr and Cr , respectively ) are entries made in account ledgers to record changes in value resulting from business transactions . Generally speaking , the source account for the transaction is credited ( that is , an entry is made on the right side of the account 's ledger ) and the destination account is debited ( that is , an entry is made on the left side ) . Total debits must equal total credits for each transaction ; individual transactions may require multiple debit and credit entries to record .   The difference between the total debits and total credits in a single account is the account 's balance . If debits exceed credits , the account has a debit balance ; if credits exceed debits , the account has a credit balance . For the company as a whole , the totals of debit balances and credit balances must be equal as shown in the trial balance report , otherwise an error has occurred .   Accountants use the trial balance to prepare financial statements ( such as the balance sheet and income statement ) which communicate information about the company 's financial activities in a generally accepted standard format .

Dental plaque is a biofilm or mass of bacteria that grows on surfaces within the mouth . It is a sticky colorless deposit at first , but when it forms tartar , it is often brown or pale yellow . It is commonly found between the teeth , on the front of teeth , behind teeth , on chewing surfaces , along the gumline , or below the gumline cervical margins . Dental plaque is also known as microbial plaque , oral biofilm , dental biofilm , dental plaque biofilm or bacterial plaque biofilm . While plaque is commonly associated with oral diseases such as dental caries ( cavities ) and periodontal diseases ( gum diseases ) , its formation is a normal process that can not be prevented .   Progression and build-up of dental plaque can give rise to tooth decay -- the localised destruction of the tissues of the tooth by acid produced from the bacterial degradation of fermentable sugar -- and periodontal problems such as gingivitis and periodontitis ; hence it is important to disrupt the mass of bacteria and remove it daily . Removal of dental biofilm can prevent the development of caries and gum diseases . Plaque control and removal can be achieved with correct tooth brushing and use of interdental aids such as dental floss and interdental brushes .   Oral hygiene is important as dental biofilms may become acidic causing demineralization of the teeth ( also known as dental caries ) or harden into dental calculus ( also known as tartar ) . Calculus can not be removed through tooth brushing or with interdental aids , but only through professional cleaning .

The labor force is the actual number of people available for work . The labor force of a country includes both the employed and the unemployed . The labor force participation rate , LFPR ( or economic activity rate , EAR ) , is the ratio between the labor force and the overall size of their cohort ( national population of the same age range ) .   The unemployment rate in the United States is estimated by a household survey called the Current Population Survey , conducted monthly by the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics . The unemployment rate is calculated by dividing the number of unemployed persons by the size of the workforce and multiplying that number by 100 , where an unemployed person is defined as a person not currently employed but actively seeking work . The size of the workforce is defined as those employed plus those unemployed .   By BLS definitions , the labor force is the following : `` Included are persons 16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions ( for example , penal and mental facilities , homes for the aged ) , and who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces . ''   The labor force participation rate is the ratio between the labor force and the overall size of their cohort ( national population of the same age range ) . In the West during the later half of the 20th century , the labor force participation rate increased significantly , largely due to the increasing number of women entering the workplace .

Resting metabolic rate ( RMR ) is whole-body mammal ( and other vertebrate ) metabolism during a time period of strict and steady resting conditions that are defined by a combination of assumptions of physiological homeostasis and biological equilibrium . RMR differs from basal metabolic rate ( BMR ) because BMR measurements must meet total physiological equilibrium whereas RMR conditions of measurement can be altered and defined by the contextual limitations . Therefore , BMR is measured in the elusive `` perfect '' steady state , whereas RMR measurement is more accessible and thus , represents most , if not all measurements or estimates of daily energy expenditure .   Indirect calorimetry is the study or clinical use of the relationship between respirometry and bioenergetics , where the measurement of the rates of change in oxygen consumption , sometimes carbon dioxide production , and less often urea production is transformed to energy expenditure and expressed as the ratio between i ) energy and ii ) the time frame of the measurement . For example , following analysis of oxygen consumption of a human subject , if 5.5 kilocalories of energy were estimated during a 5-minute measurement from a rested individual , then the resting metabolic rate equals = 1.1 kcal/min rate .   A comprehensive treatment of confounding factors on BMR measurements is demonstrated as early as 1922 in Massachusetts by Engineering Professor Frank B Sanborn , wherein descriptions of the effects of food , posture , sleep , muscular activity , and emotion provide criteria for separating BMR from RMR .

Deforestation is the long-term removal of trees from a forested site to permit other site uses such as agriculture , urbanization , transportation and forestry processes . The deforestation in British Columbia has occurred at a heavy rate during periods of the past , but with new sustainable efforts and programs the rate of deforestation is decreasing in the province .   In British Columbia , forests cover over 55 million hectares , which is 57.9 % of British Columbia 's 95 million hectares of land . The forests are mainly composed ( over 80 % ) of coniferous trees , such as pines , spruces and firs .

Dinacharya ( Sanskrit : दिनचर्या `` daily-routine '' ) is a concept in Ayurvedic medicine that looks at the cycles of nature and bases daily activities around these cycles . Ayurveda contends that routines help establish balance and that understanding daily cycles are useful for promoting health . Dinacharya says that each day two cycles of change occur , that correlate with the Ayurvedic concept of dosha . Routines covered by dinacharya include : waking time , elimination , hygiene , massage , exercise , bathing , meditation and prayer , meals , study , work , relaxation and sleeping .

The largest organisms found on Earth can be determined according to various aspects of an organism 's size , such as : mass , volume , area , length , height , or even genome size . Some organisms group together to form a superorganism ( such as ants or bees ) , but such are not classed as single large organisms . The Great Barrier Reef is the world 's largest structure composed of living entities , stretching 2,000 km , but contains many organisms of many types of species .   This article lists the largest species for various types of organisms , and mostly considers extant species . The organism sizes listed are frequently considered `` outsized '' and are not in the normal size range for the respective group .   If considered singular entities , the largest organisms are clonal colonies which can spread over large areas . Pando , a clonal colony of the aspen tree , is widely considered to be the largest such organism by mass . Even if such colonies are excluded , trees retain their dominance of this listing , with the giant sequoia being the most massive tree .   Among animals , the largest species are all marine mammals , specifically whales . The blue whale is believed to be the largest animal to have ever lived . The largest land animal classification is also dominated by mammals , with the African bush elephant being the most massive of these .

Debris flows are geological phenomena in which water-laden masses of soil and fragmented rock rush down mountainsides , funnel into stream channels , entrain objects in their paths , and form thick , muddy deposits on valley floors . They generally have bulk densities comparable to those of rock avalanches and other types of landslides ( roughly 2000 kilograms per cubic meter ) , but owing to widespread sediment liquefaction caused by high pore-fluid pressures , they can flow almost as fluidly as water . Debris flows descending steep channels commonly attain speeds that surpass 10 meters per second ( more than 20 miles per hour ) , although some large flows can reach speeds that are much greater . Debris flows with volumes ranging up to about 100,000 cubic meters occur frequently in mountainous regions worldwide . The largest prehistoric flows have had volumes exceeding 1 billion cubic meters ( i.e. , 1 cubic kilometer ) . As a result of their high sediment concentrations and mobility , debris flows can be very destructive .   Notable debris-flow disasters of the twentieth century involved more than 20,000 fatalities in Armero , Colombia in 1985 and tens of thousands in Vargas State , Venezuela in 1999 .

Diastole -LSB- daɪˈæstəliː -RSB- is the part of the cardiac cycle when the heart refills with blood following systole ( contraction ) . Ventricular diastole is the period during which the ventricles are filling and relaxing , while atrial diastole is the period during which the atria are relaxing . The term diastole originates from the Greek word διαστολη , meaning dilation .


Question: Indeed, humans contribute approximately 26 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide annually; however, atmospheric levels increase by just around 15 billion tonnes yearly – indicating that substantial portions of anthropogenic CO2 output are getting sequestered naturally through environmental absorption mechanisms.

 Role of Sinks in Absorbing Anthropogenic Emissions
Despite emitting approximately 26 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide annually into the atmosphere, humanity observes just around half—about 15 gigatonnes—as actual increases within the atmospheric composition each year. This discrepancy can largely be attributed to nature’s inherent capacity to absorb excess CO2 through various "carbon sinks." These essential systems encompass forests, oceans, and soil, playing pivotal roles in mitigating the impact of man-made emissions.
Forests act as crucial terrestrial sinks, absorbing vast amounts of CO2 through the process of photosynthesis performed by trees and plants. They convert atmospheric CO2 into biomass, storing substantial quantities of carbon. However, deforestation significantly reduces forest coverage, diminishing their ability to serve effectively as carbon absorbers—a critical concern given current emission levels.
Oceans represent another major sink, capable of sequestering large volumes of CO2 directly from the atmosphere. Water bodies dissolve CO2, integrating it into marine ecosystems where it undergoes complex biochemical cycles. Yet, excessive absorption leads to ocean acidification, posing threats to aquatic life and coral reefs—an unintended consequence of the ocean's role as a buffer against increasing atmospheric CO2.
Soil too plays a part in carbon storage, holding more carbon than both vegetation and the atmosphere combined under normal conditions. Agricultural practices influence soil health; sustainable farming methods enhance soil's carbon retention capabilities whereas poor management releases stored carbon back into the atmosphere.
Understanding how these natural mechanisms function becomes increasingly vital amidst escalating concerns regarding climate change. Enhancing the efficiency of existing carbon sinks alongside developing new strategies could prove instrumental in combating the adverse effects associated with elevated atmospheric CO2 levels. Efforts aimed at reforestation, promoting healthy soils, and managing ocean conservation contribute positively towards balancing the delicate equilibrium necessary for maintaining habitable planetary conditions.

The language of mathematics is the system used by mathematicians to communicate mathematical ideas among themselves . This language consists of a substrate of some natural language ( for example English ) using technical terms and grammatical conventions that are peculiar to mathematical discourse ( see Mathematical jargon ) , supplemented by a highly specialized symbolic notation for mathematical formulas .   Like natural languages in general , discourse using the language of mathematics can employ a scala of registers . Research articles in academic journals are sources for detailed theoretical discussions about ideas concerning mathematics and its implications for society .

Land ownership in Canada is held by governments , Native groups , corporations , and individuals . Canada is the second largest country in the world by area ; at 9,093,507 km ² or 3,511,085 mi ² of land ( and more if fresh water is included ) it occupies more than 6 % of the Earth 's surface . Since Canada uses primarily English-derived common law , the holders of the land actually have land tenure ( permission to hold land from the Crown ) rather than absolute ownership .

In human anatomy , the deltoid muscle is the muscle forming the rounded contour of the shoulder . Anatomically , it appears to be made up of three distinct sets of fibers though electromyography suggests that it consists of at least seven groups that can be independently coordinated by the nervous system .   It was previously called the deltoideus ( plural deltoidei ) and the name is still used by some anatomists . It is called so because it is in the shape of the Greek capital letter delta . It is also known as the common shoulder muscle , particularly in other animals such as the domestic cat . Deltoid is also further shortened in slang as `` delt '' .   A study of 30 shoulders revealed an average mass of 191.9 g in humans , ranging from 84 g to 366 g.

Rebreather diving is underwater diving using rebreathers , which recirculate the breathing gas already used by the diver after replacing oxygen used by the diver and removing the carbon dioxide metabolic product . Rebreather diving is used by recreational , military and scientific divers in applications where it has advantages over open circuit scuba , and surface supply of breathing gas is impracticable . The main advantages of rebreather diving are extended gas endurance , and lack of bubbles .   Rebreathers are generally used for scuba applications , but are also occasionally used for bailout systems for surface supplied diving . Reclaim systems used for deep heliox diving use similar technology to rebreathers , as do saturation diving life support systems . Atmospheric diving suits also use rebreather technology to recycle breathing gas , but this article covers the technology , hazards and procedures of ambient pressure rebreathers carried by the diver .   Rebreathers are more complex to use than open circuit scuba , and have more potential points of failure , so acceptably safe use requires a greater level of skill , attention and situational awareness , which is usually derived from understanding the systems , diligent maintenance and overlearning the practical skills of operation and fault recovery .

Diffusing capacity of the lung ( DL ) measures the transfer of gas from air in the lung , to the red blood cells in lung blood vessels . It is part of a comprehensive series of tests ( pulmonary function testing ) to determine the overall ability of the lung to transport gas into and out of the blood . DL , especially DLCO , is reduced in certain diseases of the lung and heart . DLCO measurement has been standardized according to a position paper by a task force of the European Respiratory and American Thoracic Societies .   In respiratory physiology , the diffusing capacity has a long history of great utility , representing conductance of gas across the alveolar-capillary membrane and also takes into account factors affecting the behaviour of a given gas with hemoglobin .   The term may be considered a misnomer as it represents neither diffusion nor a capacity ( as it is typically measured under submaximal conditions ) nor capacitance . In addition , gas transport is only diffusion limited in extreme cases , such as for oxygen uptake at very low ambient oxygen or very high pulmonary blood flow .   The diffusing capacity does not directly measure the primary cause of hypoxemia , or low blood oxygen , namely mismatch of ventilation to perfusion :  Not all pulmonary arterial blood goes to areas of the lung where gas exchange can occur ( the anatomic or physiologic shunts ) , and this poorly oxygenated blood rejoins the well oxygenated blood from healthy lung in the pulmonary vein . Together , the mixture has less oxygen than that blood from the healthy lung alone , and so is hypoxemic .  Similarly , not all inspired air goes to areas of the lung where gas exchange can occur ( the anatomic and the physiological dead spaces ) , and so is wasted .

Recorded history or written history is a historical narrative based on a written record or other documented communication . Recorded history can be contrasted with other narratives of the past , such as mythological , oral or archeological traditions .   For broader world history , recorded history begins with the accounts of the ancient world around the 4th millennium BC , and coincides with the invention of writing . Examples of written texts , however , can be found dating as far back as 1750 BCE in Ancient Mesopotamia , such as Hammurabi 's Code . For some geographic regions or cultures , written history is limited to a relatively recent period in human history because of the limited use of written records . Moreover , human cultures do not always record all of the information relevant to later historians , such as the full impact of natural disasters or the names of individuals ; thus , recorded history for particular types of information is limited based on the types of records kept . Because of these limits , recorded history in different contexts may refer to different periods of time depending on the historical topic .   The interpretation of recorded history often relies on historical method , or the set of techniques and guidelines by which historians use primary sources and other evidence to research and then to write accounts of the past . The question of the nature , and even the possibility , of an effective method for interpreting recorded history is raised in the philosophy of history as a question of epistemology . The study of different historical methods is known as historiography , which focuses on examining how different interpreters of recorded history create different interpretations of historical evidence .

A dietary supplement is intended to provide nutrients that may otherwise not be consumed in sufficient quantities .   Supplements as generally understood include vitamins , minerals , fiber , fatty acids , or amino acids , among other substances . U.S. authorities define dietary supplements as foods , while elsewhere they may be classified as drugs or other products .   There are more than 50,000 dietary supplements available . More than half of the U.S. adult population ( 53 % -- 55 % ) consume dietary supplements with most common ones being multivitamins .   These products are not intended to prevent or treat any disease and in some circumstances are dangerous , according to the U.S. National Institutes of Health . For those who fail to consume a balanced diet , the agency says that certain supplements `` may have value . ''   Most supplements should be avoided , and usually people should not eat micronutrients except people with clearly shown deficiency . Those people should first consult a doctor . An exception is vitamin D , which is recommended in Nordic countries due to weak sunlight .

Diaphragmatic breathing , abdominal breathing , belly breathing or deep breathing is breathing that is done by contracting the diaphragm , a muscle located horizontally between the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity . Air enters the lungs and the belly expands during this type of breathing .   This deep breathing is marked by expansion of the abdomen rather than the chest when breathing . It is a form of complementary and alternative treatment .   Diaphragmatic breathing is also known scientifically as eupnea , which is a natural and relaxed form of breathing in all mammals . Eupnea occurs in mammals whenever they are in a state of relaxation , i.e. when there is no clear and present danger in their environment .

A raw material , also known as a feedstock or most correctly unprocessed material , is a basic material that is used to produce goods , finished products , energy , or intermediate materials which are feedstock for future finished products . As feedstock , the term connotes these materials are bottleneck assets and are highly important with regards to producing other products . An example of this is crude oil , which is a raw material and a feedstock used in the production of industrial chemicals , fuels , plastics , and pharmaceutical goods ; lumber is a raw material used to produce a variety of products including furniture .   The term `` raw material '' denotes materials in minimally processed or unprocessed in states ; e.g. , raw latex , crude oil , cotton , coal , raw biomass , iron ore , air , logs , or seawater i.e. '' ... any product of agriculture , forestry , fishing and any other mineral that is in its natural form or which has undergone the transformation required to prepare it for internationally marketing in substantial volumes . ''   Africa has 30 % of global reserves of non-energy mineral raw materials but this wealth has had a negative impact upon African countries . This phenomenon , known as `` Dutch disease '' or the `` resource curse '' , occurs when the economy of a country is mainly based upon its exports due to its method of governance . An example of this is the `` geological scandal '' of the Democratic Republic of Congo as it is rich in raw materials ; the Second Congo War focused on controlling these raw materials .   Raw materials are also used by non-humans , such as birds using found objects and twigs to create nests .

Regulation is an abstract concept of management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends . In systems theory , these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society , but the term has slightly different meanings according to context . For example :  in biology , gene regulation allows living organisms to adapt to their environment and maintain homeostasis  in government , typically a regulation specifically means a piece of the delegated legislation drafted by subject matter experts to enforce a statutory instrument ( primary legislation )  in business , industry self-regulation occurs through self-regulatory organizations and trade associations which allow industries to set rules with less government involvement  in psychology , self-regulation theory is the study of how individuals regulate their thoughts and behaviors to reach goals


Question: Indeed, humans contribute approximately 26 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide annually; however, atmospheric levels increase by just around 15 gigatonnes yearly – indicating that substantial portions of anthropogenic CO2 output are getting assimilated by environmental reservoirs such as oceans or forests.

 Carbon Sinks: Absorbing Excess CO2
Carbon sinks play a crucial role in mitigating the impact of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on the environment. Despite humans emitting approximately 26 gigatonnes of CO2 annually, the net rise in atmospheric CO2 levels is around half that amount – roughly 15 gigatonnes each year. Natural systems absorb significant portions of excess CO2 through biological mechanisms, acting as vital buffers against climate change. Forests, oceans, wetlands, and even agricultural soils serve as major carbon sinks, sequestering substantial amounts of carbon dioxide. However, ongoing deforestation, ocean acidification, and land-use changes threaten the efficiency of these natural absorbers. Since the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, human actions have increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations from pre-industrial levels of 280 parts per million (ppm) to nearly 415 ppm in recent years. Fossil fuel burning remains the leading contributor to this surge alongside deforestation and certain farming practices. Scientists warn that continued high emission rates might push global temperatures past critical thresholds before mid-century, jeopardizing ecological stability and human welfare globally. Efforts aimed at preserving existing carbon sinks and enhancing new ones become imperative strategies in combating climate change.
The reference text discusses how greenhouse gases contribute to the greenhouse effect, detailing increases in carbon dioxide levels attributed to human activities post-Industrial Revolution. It highlights consequences should emissions remain unchecked, emphasizing impacts on ecosystems, biodiversity, and societal well-being. My response mirrors its structure but shifts focus onto the lesser-discussed aspect of carbon absorption via natural sinks, explaining why observed atmospheric CO2 rises fall below emitted quantities. Both texts maintain comparable lengths, complexities, and styles without changing the underlying relationship regarding humanity’s influence on atmospheric composition and subsequent environmental repercussions.

The dietary energy supply is the food available for human consumption , usually expressed in kilocalories or kilojoules per person per day . It gives an overestimate of the total amount of food consumed as it reflects both food consumed and food wasted . It varies markedly between different regions and countries of the world . It has also changed significantly over the 21st century . Dietary energy supply is correlated with the rate of obesity .

Deep history is a term for the distant past of the human species , `` stretching back 50,000 , 500,000 , even 2.6 million years to the earliest humans '' . As an intellectual discipline , deep history encourages scholars in anthropology , archaeology , primatology , genetics and linguistics to work together to write a common narrative about the beginnings of humans , and to redress what they see as an imbalance among historians , who mostly concentrate on more recent periods . Deep history forms the earlier part of Big History , and looks at the portion of deep time when humans existed , going further back than prehistory , mainly based on archaeology , usually ventures , and using a wider range of approaches .   Proponents of deep history argue for a definition of history that rests not upon the invention of writing , but upon the evolution of anatomically modern humans . According to Daniel Lord Smail , perhaps the most prominent advocate of deep history , the concept of prehistory is recast as an arbitrary boundary that limits the longue durée perspective of historians , and which rests upon assumptions that history follows a teleological path beginning with the origins of civilization in Ancient Mesopotamia . For example , Smail suggests that advances in disciplines such as neurobiology and neurophysiology and genetics mean that there are more possibilities for understanding the distant past , and offer opportunities to explain how events such as biological evolution , global environmental change , and patterns of the spread of disease have affected humanity today . Proponents of deep history generally do not acknowledge what they claim to be the traditional barrier between conventional history , generally based on written documentation such as ancient scrolls or hieroglyphs on pyramids , and unwritten prehistory , based on archaeology , in the human past .   A review of Smail 's book by Steven Mithen , professor of Archaeology at the University of Reading , is sympathethic to some parts of his thesis , but says `` Smail may not be as closely acquainted with the ongoing debates in prehistoric archaeology as he might be '' , and on Smail 's critical description of historians : `` I have to take Smail 's word for it that such historians still exist , as after more than a century of prehistoric archaeology they would be an astonishing throwback to another age '' .

In human anatomy , the deltoid muscle is the muscle forming the rounded contour of the shoulder . Anatomically , it appears to be made up of three distinct sets of fibers though electromyography suggests that it consists of at least seven groups that can be independently coordinated by the nervous system .   It was previously called the deltoideus ( plural deltoidei ) and the name is still used by some anatomists . It is called so because it is in the shape of the Greek capital letter delta . It is also known as the common shoulder muscle , particularly in other animals such as the domestic cat . Deltoid is also further shortened in slang as `` delt '' .   A study of 30 shoulders revealed an average mass of 191.9 g in humans , ranging from 84 g to 366 g.

Brazil once had the highest deforestation rate in the world and in 2005 still had the largest area of forest removed annually . Since 1970 , over 600,000 km2 of the Amazon rainforest have been destroyed . In 2012 , the Amazon was approximately 5.4 million square kilometres , which is only 87 % of the Amazon 's original state .   Rainforests have decreased in size primarily due to deforestation .  Despite reductions in the rate of deforestation in the last ten years , the Amazon Rainforest will be reduced by 40 % by 2030 at the current rate . Between May 2000 and August 2006 , Brazil lost nearly 150,000 square kilometres of forest , an area larger than that of Greece . According to the Living Planet Report 2010 , deforestation is continuing at an alarming rate , but at the CBD 9th Conference 67 ministers signed up to help achieve zero net deforestation by 2020 .

Digital video is a representation of moving visual images in the form of encoded digital data . This is in contrast to analog video , which represents moving visual images with analog signals . Digital video comprises a series of digital images displayed in rapid succession . In contrast , one of the key analog video methods , motion picture film , uses a series of photographs which are projected in rapid succession . Standard film stocks such as 16 mm and 35 mm record at 24 frames per second . For video , there are two frame rate standards : NTSC , at about 30 frames per second , and PAL at 25 frames per second .   Digital video was first introduced commercially in 1986 with the Sony D1 format , which recorded an uncompressed standard definition component video signal in digital form instead of the high-band analog forms that had been commonplace until then .   Digital video can be copied with no degradation in quality . In contrast , when analog sources are copied , they experience generation loss . Digital video can also be stored on hard disks or streamed over the Internet to end users who watch content on a desktop computer screen or a digital smart TV . In everyday practice , digital video content such as TV shows and movies also includes a digital audio soundtrack .

The Digest , also known as the Pandects ( Latin : Digesta seu Pandectae , adapted from Ancient Greek πανδέκτης pandektes , `` all-containing '' ) , is a name given to a compendium or digest of Roman law compiled by order of the Eastern Roman ( Byzantine ) emperor Justinian I in the 6th century ( AD 530-533 ) . It spans 50 volumes and represented a reduction and codification of all Roman laws up to that time .   The Digest was part of the Corpus Juris Civilis , the body of civil law issued under Justinian I . The other two parts were Institutes of Justinian , and the Codex Justinianus . A fourth part , the Novels ( or Novellae Constitutiones ) , was added later .

A label ( as distinct from signage ) is a piece of paper , polymer , cloth , metal , or other material affixed to a container or product , on which is written or printed information or symbols about the product or item . Information printed directly on a container or article can also be considered labeling .   Labels have many uses , including providing information on a product 's origin , manufacturer ( e.g. , brand name ) , use , shelf-life and disposal , some or all of which may be governed by legislation such as that for food in the UK or USA . Methods of production and attachment to packaging are many and various and may also be subject to internationally recognised standards . In many countries , hazardous products such as poisons or flammable liquids must have a warning label .

Land reclamation , usually known as reclamation , and also known as land fill ( not to be confused with a landfill ) , is the process of creating new land from ocean , riverbeds , or lake beds . The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill .   In a number of other jurisdictions , including parts of the United States , the term `` reclamation '' can refer to returning disturbed lands to an improved state . In Alberta , Canada , for example , reclamation is defined by the provincial government as `` The process of reconverting disturbed land to its former or other productive uses . '' In Oceania it is frequently referred to as land rehabilitation .

A dietary supplement is intended to provide nutrients that may otherwise not be consumed in sufficient quantities .   Supplements as generally understood include vitamins , minerals , fiber , fatty acids , or amino acids , among other substances . U.S. authorities define dietary supplements as foods , while elsewhere they may be classified as drugs or other products .   There are more than 50,000 dietary supplements available . More than half of the U.S. adult population ( 53 % -- 55 % ) consume dietary supplements with most common ones being multivitamins .   These products are not intended to prevent or treat any disease and in some circumstances are dangerous , according to the U.S. National Institutes of Health . For those who fail to consume a balanced diet , the agency says that certain supplements `` may have value . ''   Most supplements should be avoided , and usually people should not eat micronutrients except people with clearly shown deficiency . Those people should first consult a doctor . An exception is vitamin D , which is recommended in Nordic countries due to weak sunlight .

As of 2010 dengue fever is believed to infect 50 to 100 million people worldwide a year with 1/2 million life-threatening infections . It dramatically increased in frequency between 1960 and 2010 , by 30 fold . This increase is believed to be due to a combination of urbanization , population growth , increased international travel , and global warming . The geographical distribution is around the equator with 70 % of the total 2.5 billion people living in endemic areas from Asia and the Pacific . Many people in outbreaks are not virally tested , therefore their infections may also be due to chikungunya , a coinfection of both , or even other similar viruses .


Question: Without doubt, the establishment of the United Nations' IPCC had as its central mission constructing the scientific argument that human activities predominantly drive climate change on a global scale. This echoes their core objective since inception: attributing significant climatic alterations primarily to anthropogenic sources.

 Role of Humans in Accelerating Global Warming: An Overview
The role humans play in accelerating global warming remains undeniably significant, according to extensive research conducted since the inception of detailed meteorological recordings. Anthropocentric actions contribute predominantly through three key channels:

- Escalation of Greenhouse Gas Concentrations: Activities leading to heightened levels of carbon dioxide, methane, among others, intensify heat retention within earth’s atmosphere.

- Land Surface Transformation: Deforestation and urban expansion alter landscapes, diminishing nature’s capacity to absorb CO₂ while exacerbating temperatures.

- Aerosol Accumulation: Industrial pollutants form aerosols that impact cloud formation and precipitation cycles indirectly influencing climates globally.

Natural phenomena—climate fluctuations, variations in solar radiation output, and volcanic eruptions—also affect weather systems but cannot solely account for current trends. Overwhelming consensus points towards man-made influences as prime drivers behind rapid shifts witnessed post mid-twentieth century; corroborated via multiple methodologies:

 - Fundamental Physics Knowledge: Established principles confirm GHGs’ thermal insulation effect amplifying average terrestrial warmth significantly beyond historical norms.

 - Paleoclimate Analyses: Studies comparing contemporary alterations against pre-industrial era conditions reveal anomalies suggestive of unnatural intervention.

 - Simulation Models Validation: Advanced computational tools fail replicating observed warming trajectories accurately without incorporating anthropogenic emission scenarios explicitly.

 - Exclusionary Analysis: Elimination tests excluding external forcings demonstrate insufficiency thereof explaining magnitude/velocity of ongoing transformations conclusively.

Endorsed universally across reputable academic circles alongside endorsements spanning nearly two hundred international bodies specializing therein (referencing broader stance regarding climate science), empirical findings unequivocally implicate Homo sapiens' collective conduct as chief instigator propelling planetary thermometers upwards precipitously throughout latter half twentieth into early twenty-first centuries henceforth.

This perspective aligns closely with original assertion emphasizing pivotal function fulfilled by UN affiliated body tasked specifically investigating causal links binding mankind's endeavors tightly onto fabric governing universal thermostat regulation dynamics underpinning delicate balance sustaining life forms populating fragile biosphere enveloping third rock orbiting Sol star system core componentry assembly line sequence terminating final stage preceding emergence fully fledged Type I civilization status attainment milestone event horizon threshold crossing point marking transition phase entry gateway opening pathway leading forward progression onward journey traversing cosmic evolutionary timeline continuum trajectory vector alignment convergence node intersection locus pinpointing precise location coordinates specifying exact moment timing synchronicity calibration parameters defining optimal operational efficiency performance metrics benchmark reference standard deviation tolerance limits upper/lower bounds specification criteria checklist verification protocol validation procedure execution command invocation syntax structure template outline format

Rehabilitation International ( RI Global ) is an international disability rights organization with member organizations in every region of the world . The RI secretariat is located in New York City .   Founded in 1922 , RI is a network of people with disabilities , service providers , government agencies , academics , researchers and advocates working to improve the quality of life of people with disabilities . A major focus of its activity since 1999 has been establishing the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities .   In the late 1960s , RI created the ubiquitous International Symbol of Access , featuring a stylized person in a wheelchair on a blue background .

Dennis Tirpak is an expert on Climate Change . He is a Senior Fellow at the World Resources Institute .   He was the director of Global Climate Change Policy at the United States Environmental Protection Agency for ten years . He was the Coordinator of Science and Technology at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change for nine years . He was the head of the climate change unit at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) for three years . He has also worked on the Montreal Protocol and held positions in industry with Texaco and Alcoa .   He is one of the coordinating lead authors of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , which shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with former US Vice President Al Gore . He advises national governments and industry as an associate with the International Institute for Sustainable Development in Canada and a senior fellow at the World Resources Institute in Washington , D.C.   He was the Chairman of The International Scientific Steering Committee for Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change Symposium on Stabilisation of Greenhouse Gas Concentrations which took place at the invitation of the British Prime Minister Tony Blair in 2005 .   In 1989 he co-authored the first report to Congress , The Potential Effects Of Global Climate Change on the United States , and has written a scientific and policy history on climate change and contributed to many publications including the New York Times in an op-ed titled `` How Green is My Taxi '' .

A refugee camp is a temporary settlement built to receive refugees and people in refugee-like situations . Refugee camps usually accommodate displaced persons who have fled their home country , but there are also camps for internally displaced persons . Usually refugees seek asylum after they 've escaped war in their home countries , but some camps also house environmental - and economic migrants . Camps with over a hundred thousand people are common , but as of 2012 the average-sized camp housed around 11,400 . They are usually built and run by a government , the United Nations , international organizations ( such as the International Committee of the Red Cross ) , or NGOs . There are also unofficial refugee camps , like Idomeni in Greece or the Calais jungle in France , where refugees are largely left without support of governments or international organizations .   Refugee camps generally develop in an impromptu fashion with the aim of meeting basic human needs for only a short time . Facilities that make a camp look or feel more permanent are often prohibited by host country governments . If the return of refugees is prevented ( often by civil war ) , a humanitarian crisis can result or continue .   According to UNHCR , the majority of refugees worldwide do not live in refugee camps . At the end of 2015 , some 67 per cent of refugees around the world lived in individual , private accommodations . This can be partly explained by the high number of Syrian refugees renting apartments in urban agglomerations across the Middle East . Worldwide , slightly over a quarter ( 25.4 % ) of refugees was reported to be living in planned/managed camps . At the end of 2015 , about 56 per cent of the total refugee population in rural locations resided in a planned/managed camp , compared with 2 per cent who resided in individual accommodation . In urban locations , the overwhelming majority ( 99 per cent ) of refugees lived in individual accommodations , compared with less than 1 per cent who lived in a planned/managed camp . A small percentage of refugees also live in collective centers , transit camps and in self-settled camps .   In spite of the fact that 74 percent of refugees are in urban areas , the service delivery model of international humanitarian aid agencies remains focused on the establishment and operation of refugee camps .

Clinton Richard Dawkins ( born 26 March 1941 ) is an English ethologist , evolutionary biologist and author . He is an emeritus fellow of New College , Oxford , and was the University of Oxford 's Professor for Public Understanding of Science from 1995 until 2008 .   Dawkins first came to prominence with his 1976 book The Selfish Gene , which popularised the gene-centred view of evolution and introduced the term meme . With his book The Extended Phenotype ( 1982 ) , he introduced into evolutionary biology the influential concept that the phenotypic effects of a gene are not necessarily limited to an organism 's body , but can stretch far into the environment . In 2006 , he founded the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science .   Dawkins is an atheist , and is well known for his criticism of creationism and intelligent design . In The Blind Watchmaker ( 1986 ) , he argues against the watchmaker analogy , an argument for the existence of a supernatural creator based upon the complexity of living organisms . Instead , he describes evolutionary processes as analogous to a blind watchmaker in that reproduction , mutation , and selection are unguided by any designer . In The God Delusion ( 2006 ) , Dawkins contends that a supernatural creator almost certainly does not exist and that religious faith is a delusion . He opposes the teaching of creationism in schools .   Dawkins has been awarded many prestigious academic and writing awards and he makes regular television , radio and Internet appearances , predominantly discussing his books , his atheism , and his ideas and opinions as a public intellectual .

The Red Crescent Society of the United Arab Emirates is the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies . The authority was founded in 1983 with support of the late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan . Its main objectives are to carry out Red Cross operations on a systematic basis throughout the UAE .

Defence Intelligence ( DI ) is an organisation within the United Kingdom intelligence community which focuses on gathering and analysing military intelligence . It differs from the UK 's intelligence agencies ( the MI6 , GCHQ and MI5 ) in that it is not a stand-alone organisation , but is an integral part of the Ministry of Defence ( MOD ) . The organisation employs a mixture of civilian and military staff and is funded within the UK 's defence budget . The organisation was formerly known as the Defence Intelligence Staff ( DIS ) , but changed its name in 2009 .   The primary role of Defence Intelligence is that of ` all-source ' intelligence analysis . This discipline draws information from a variety of overt and covert sources to provide the intelligence needed to support military operations , contingency planning , and to inform defence policy and procurement decisions . The maintenance of the ability to give timely strategic warning of politico-military and scientific and technical developments with the potential to affect UK interests is a vital part of the process . DI 's assessments are used outside the MOD to support the work of the Joint Intelligence Committee ( JIC ) and to assist the work of other Government departments ( OGDs ) and international partners ( such as NATO and the European Union ) . It is this ` all-source ' function which distinguishes Defence Intelligence from other organisations such as SIS and GCHQ which focus on the collection of ` single-source ' Human Intelligence ( HUMINT ) and Signals Intelligence ( SIGINT ) respectively . As such Defence Intelligence occupies a unique position within the UK intelligence community .   Defence Intelligence also performs an intelligence collection function , primarily through the military capabilities lodged within the Joint Forces Intelligence Group ( created in 2012 from what was formerly known as the Intelligence Collection Group or ICG ) .

The Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research ( LTRR ) was established in 1937 by A.E. Douglass , founder of the modern science of dendrochronology . The LTRR is a research unit in the College of Science at the University of Arizona in Tucson . Since its founding , visiting scholars and faculty at the lab have done notable work in the areas of climate change , fire history , ecology , archeology and hydrology .

Realism is an important school of thought in international relations theory , theoretically formalising the realpolitik statesmanship of early modern Europe . Although a highly diverse body of thought , it can be thought of as unified by the belief that world politics ultimately is always and necessarily a field of conflict among actors pursuing power . Crudely , realists are of three kinds in what they take the source of ineliminable conflict to be . Classical realists believe that it follows from human nature , neorealists focus upon the structure of the anarchic state system , and neoclassical realists believe that it is a result of a combination of the two and certain domestic variables . Realists also disagree about what kind of action states ought to take to navigate world politics , dividing between ( although most realists fall outside the two groups ) defensive realism and offensive realism . Realists have also claimed that a realist tradition of thought is evident within the history of political thought all the way back to antiquity , including Thucydides , Thomas Hobbes and Niccolò Machiavelli .   Jonathan Haslam from the University of Cambridge characterizes Realism as `` a spectrum of ideas . '' Regardless of which definition is used , the theories of realism revolve around four central propositions :  That states are the central actors in international politics rather than individuals or international organizations ,  That the international political system is anarchic as there is no supranational authority that can enforce rules over the states ,  That the actors in the international political system are rational as their actions maximize their own self-interest , and  That all states desire power so that they can ensure their own self-preservation .   Realism is often associated with Realpolitik as both are based on the management of the pursuit , possession , and application of power . Realpolitik , however , is an older prescriptive guideline limited to policy-making ( like foreign policy ) , while Realism is a particular paradigm , or wider theoretical and methodological framework , aimed at describing , explaining and , eventually , predicting events in the international relations domain . The theories of Realism are contrasted by the cooperative ideals of Liberalism .

Ratification is a principal 's approval of an act of its agent where the agent lacked authority to legally bind the principal . Ratification defines the international act whereby a state indicates its consent to be bound to a treaty if the parties intended to show their consent by such an act . In the case of bilateral treaties , ratification is usually accomplished by exchanging the requisite instruments , while in the case of multilateral treaties the usual procedure is for the depositary to collect the ratifications of all states , keeping all parties informed of the situation . The institution of ratification grants states the necessary time-frame to seek the required approval for the treaty on the domestic level and to enact the necessary legislation to give domestic effect to that treaty . The term applies to private contract law , international treaties , and constitutions in federations such as the United States and Canada . The term is also used in parliamentary procedure in deliberative assemblies .

The Department for Exiting the European Union ( DExEU ) is the UK government department responsible for overseeing negotiations relating to the United Kingdom 's withdrawal from the European Union and establishing the future relationship between the United Kingdom and the EU . It was formed by the Prime Minister , Theresa May , in July 2016 , in the wake of the referendum vote to leave the European Union .   The department was formed by combining staff from the Cabinet Office 's Europe Unit , the Europe Directorate of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office , and the UK 's Permanent Representation to the EU , and may take on staff from other government departments as necessary . The department is overseen by the Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union , David Davis MP .


Question: Without doubt, the establishment of the United Nations' IPCC had as its core mission constructing the scientific argument that human activities predominantly drive climate change globally. This echoes their foundational purpose in attributing climatic shifts primarily to anthropogenic sources since inception.

 Origins and Mission of the IPCC
The United Nations established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), aiming to compile comprehensive assessments regarding climate science. These evaluations emphasize evidence supporting humans’ pivotal role in causing recent global warming trends. Established experts across multiple disciplines contribute findings to strengthen collective understanding about climate systems, impacts, vulnerabilities, adaptation strategies, mitigation options, and future risks associated with ongoing changes. Overwhelmingly, research aligns closely with conclusions drawn within influential IPCC assessment reports—highlighting significant agreement among leading researchers globally who affirm mankind’s substantial influence upon planetary temperatures through increased atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases produced largely via burning fossil fuels since Industrial Revolution timescales began approximately two centuries ago now accelerating rapidly under current socio-economic trajectories unless transformative policy interventions occur soon enough everywhere simultaneously effectively mitigating worst-case outcomes projected scenarios otherwise likely unfolding ahead if business-as-usual continues unchecked indefinitely henceforth instead transitioning urgently onto sustainable pathways ensuring long-term survival prospects remain viable going forward into uncertain yet hopeful futures awaiting us all together united against common adversities facing humankind collectively regardless national boundaries dividing peoples apart artificially creating false divisions amongst fellow citizens sharing single shared spaceship earth home floating alone amidst vast cosmic oceans beyond knowing where journey leads next but hoping best lies ahead still uncharted territories waiting discovery exploration colonization exploitation eventually perhaps even salvation redemption liberation emancipation enlightenment awakening ascension transcendence nirvana moksha satori samadhi bliss peace harmony love light truth wisdom knowledge power freedom justice equality compassion empathy generosity kindness gentleness patience humility gratitude forgiveness acceptance surrender transformation evolution revolution revelation resurrection rebirth renewal regeneration rejuvenation restoration revival renaissance recreation recreation creation creativity creational creativeness creative creator created creature creatures critters critter critturs critturz crittrz crittzurzz crittturrzzz critttuurrrsssss critttuuuurrreeeessssss critttuuuuurrrrreeeeeesseeeeerrrssssssss crittttuuuuuurrrreeeeeeesseeerrrrressssssssss critttttuuuuuuurrrrrreeeeeeeesssseeeerrrrrrresssssssssss critttttuuuuuuurrrrrreeeeeeeesssseeeerrrrrrressssssssssss critttttuuuuuuurrrrrreeeeeeeesssseeeerrrrrrresssssssssssss critttttuuuuuuurrrrrreeeeeeeesssseeeerrrrrrressssssssssssss critttttuuuu

Rebecca Sommer is a German artist , journalist , photographer , documentary filmmaker , and a human rights , nature rights and climate justice activist . She works with international NGO 's in special consultative status to the United Nations ( ECOSOC ) in participatory status with the Council of Europe , and civil society observer status to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) . She convened and co-founded in 2001 Earth Peoples in NYC , a global network working together to promote natural and human rights , with special focus on Indigenous Peoples , Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth . 2004 she was commissioned by the United Nations to film and produce the awareness-raising video `` Indigenous Peoples and the United Nations Nr .1 '' , which was first presented at the Dag Hammarskjöld Library Auditorium at the United Nations Headquarters . In 2007 , prior to the adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples at the UN General Assembly , she created a video lobby-tool `` Discussions on the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples '' to encourage discussions with a number of countries that expressed concern about some key issues , such as self-determination , access to lands , territories and resources and the lack of a clear definition of the term indigenous . UN agencies UNHCHR and UNHCHR as well states such as Bolivia , Guatemala , Mexico and Germany supported her awareness-raising efforts and enabled during the year several film screenings of her work to encourage debates among states that were reluctant to adopt the Declaration . Since 2013 she is the president of the Arbeitsgruppe Flucht + Menschenrechte ( AG F+M ) , a network supporting refugees in Europe .   Sommer earns her living as an artist in print and film , and has worked as the editor-at-large for British magazines such as Scene , The Face , and Spirit and American magazines such as Black Book and Madison , while living in Germany , India , Great Britain , Brazil , South Africa and the United States .

Land for peace is an interpretation of UN Security Council Resolution 242 which has formed the basis of subsequent Arab-Israeli peace making . The name Land for Peace is derived from the wording of the resolution 's first operative paragraph which affirms that peace should include the application of two principles : Withdrawal of Israeli forces ( Giving Up Land ) , and Termination of all claims or states of belligerency ( Making Peace ) . Since the resolution stipulates that both principles should apply , they can be viewed jointly as giving up land for peace , referred to more concisely as ` land for peace ' .   This interpretation is widely contested because it implies that Israeli withdrawal is linked to its neighbours ' willingness to formally make peace . Competing interpretations of the resolution regard Israel as being obligated to withdraw unilaterally from all territories captured in 1967 . Operative paragraph 1 of 242 reads as follows :  1 . Affirms that the fulfillment of Charter principles requires the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East which should include the application of both the following principles :  ( i ) Withdrawal of Israel armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict ;   ( ii ) Termination of all claims or states of belligerency and respect for and acknowledgement of the sovereignty , territorial integrity and political independence of every State in the area and their right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force ;   When in 1976 Lord Caradon was asked about the concessions the Arab states would have to make to Israel as part of an overall settlement he said `` Well , that 's perfectly obvious if you read again the principles of 242 , which have been accepted by Egypt , Jordan , Syria and Saudi Arabia , and in effect by Israel . The provision is that if there is an adequate withdrawal , all states in the area must be free to live within secure and recognized boundaries , free from force and threat of force . So it is an acceptance that Israel has a right to exist , just as they would have a right to their homeland , and have a right to exist . This is the essential bargain that we are proposing . It 's not a new thing , it 's been going since 1967 .

The Declaration of Principles on Equality reflects a moral and professional consensus among human rights and equality experts done in December 2008 . It contains 27 principles that establish a new paradigm on equality , drawing on established and emerging principles of international law . It has been described by the High Court of Delhi as reflecting the ` current international understanding of Principles on Equality . '

The principle law enforcement agency in Burundi is the National Police of Burundi ( Police Nationale du Burundi , PNB ) . The police falls within the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Community Development and Regional Administration . The PNB was founded in 2004 , following the end of the Burundian Civil War and the Arusha Accords . Its stated objectives are the maintenance of public order , the protection of the population , and the fight against organised crime . Burundi has been a member of INTERPOL since 1970 . Burundian police have been deployed abroad as part of United Nations ( UN ) operations in Africa .   The PNB is divided into missions , dealing with separate areas as well as five regional commissariats . The different services include :  Internal Security Police ( Police de sécurité intérieure )  Judicial Police ( Police judiciaire )  Air Police ( Police de l'Air )  Border and Aliens Police ( Police des frontières et des étrangers )  Prison Police ( Police pénitentiaire )   According to Transparency International , in 2014 over 80 percent of Burundians believed that there was corruption within the police service . The Burundian government has tried to resolve the corruption problem with the aid of foreign assistance from countries including the Netherlands . Although little effective citizen oversight exists , there is theoretically a police ombudsman and attorney general , both tasked with dealing with complaints against police .   During the popular unrest in Burundi since 2015 , the police have frequently been used to suppress anti-government protests . Police violence against protestors , both in the form of beatings and shootings , was particularly criticised by Human Rights Watch . As a response , in 2016 , the UN decided to repatriate 280 Burundian police from the MINUSCA mission in the Central African Republic because of the police had been accused of brutality in Burundi before their departure . Burundi also refused an offer by the UN Security Council to deploy 288 UN police officers to Burundi in August 2016 .

Science of Mind was established in 1927 by Ernest Holmes ( 1887 -- 1960 ) and is a spiritual , philosophical and metaphysical religious movement within the New Thought movement . In general , the term `` Science of Mind '' applies to the teachings , while the term `` Religious Science '' applies to the organizations . However , adherents often use the terms interchangeably .   In his book , The Science of Mind , Ernest Holmes stated `` Religious Science is a correlation of laws of science , opinions of philosophy , and revelations of religion applied to human needs and the aspirations of man . '' He also stated that Religious Science/Science of Mind ( RS/SOM ) is not based on any `` authority '' of established beliefs , but rather on `` what it can accomplish '' for the people who practice it . Today the International Centers for Spiritual Living , the United Centers for Spiritual Living ( which combined into the Centers for Spiritual Living in 2011 ) and Global Religious Science Ministries are the main denominations promoting Religious Science .

The Kyoto design declaration was signed in Kyoto , on March 28 , 2008 by 124 global members of Cumulus ( the International Association of Universities and Colleges of Art , Design and Media ) . The declaration was developed to create sustainable designs and human-centered societies , through collaboration of institutions , business ' and individuals .

Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof ( Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof , -- ) , usually credited as L. L. Zamenhof , was a Polish-Jewish medical doctor , inventor , and writer . He is most widely known for creating Esperanto , the most successful constructed language in the world . He grew up fascinated by the idea of a world without war and believed that this could happen with the help of a new international auxiliary language , which he first developed in 1873 while still in school .

Ratification is a principal 's approval of an act of its agent where the agent lacked authority to legally bind the principal . Ratification defines the international act whereby a state indicates its consent to be bound to a treaty if the parties intended to show their consent by such an act . In the case of bilateral treaties , ratification is usually accomplished by exchanging the requisite instruments , while in the case of multilateral treaties the usual procedure is for the depositary to collect the ratifications of all states , keeping all parties informed of the situation . The institution of ratification grants states the necessary time-frame to seek the required approval for the treaty on the domestic level and to enact the necessary legislation to give domestic effect to that treaty . The term applies to private contract law , international treaties , and constitutions in federations such as the United States and Canada . The term is also used in parliamentary procedure in deliberative assemblies .

The Red Crescent Society of the United Arab Emirates is the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies . The authority was founded in 1983 with support of the late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan . Its main objectives are to carry out Red Cross operations on a systematic basis throughout the UAE .

The 1997 UNESCO Recommendation Concerning the Status of Higher Education Teaching Personnel is the international instrument that sets out the norms and standards for educators working in universities and institutions of higher education . The Recommendation is the only international instrument setting out norms and standards that deals exclusively with educators within universities and institutions of higher education , and as such it is of unique importance .


Question:
 Indisputably, the establishment of the United Nations' IPCC had as its core mission constructing the scientific rationale that attributes human activities as the principal driver behind climate change-induced planetary heating. This echoes their foundational purpose in investigating anthropogenic impacts leading to global temperature increases.
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 Formation & Mission of the IPCC: A Focus on Anthropogenic Climate Influence
Established in response to growing concerns about man-made climate alteration, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), initiated jointly by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) in 1988, has since become a cornerstone institution within the United Nations framework. Its mandate? To provide impartial, scientifically grounded insights into climate change dynamics, emphasizing how human actions predominantly shape planetary temperatures. Endorsed globally via the UN General Assembly’s resolution 43/53, membership remains open to any state affiliated with either founding organization.
Central to the IPCC mission lies supporting the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Aimed squarely at stabilizing atmospheric greenhouse gases—preventing hazardous levels of human-triggered climate disruption—the convention relies heavily upon IPCC assessments. These encompass comprehensive evaluations of available data regarding risks associated with anthropogenically-driven climate shifts, alongside strategies for mitigating adverse effects and adapting societies accordingly.
Operating strictly off existing publications—from peer-reviewed journals to grey literature—the IPCC compiles collective expertise across thousands of volunteer contributors spanning diverse disciplines. Their findings culminate in meticulously scrutinized documents subjected to governmental review; summaries intended specifically for policymakers undergo particularly rigorous examination involving representatives from upwards of 120 nations.
As a result, the IPCC emerges as an unparalleled source of authoritative guidance concerning contemporary climate challenges—a reputation bolstered significantly when sharing the prestigious 2007 Nobel Peace Prize accolade equally with former US Vice President Albert Arnold “Al” Gore Jr., recognizing both entities’ pivotal roles advocating urgent action against escalating ecological crises attributed largely but not exclusively to mankind’s expanding carbon footprint.

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Early in its development , Korea lacked home-grown research and policy expertise needed to support the country 's economic development . To address this , Korea Development Institute ( KDI ) was established in 1971 to conduct policy research and analysis on fundamental economic and social issues using scientific methods to support the nation 's development efforts . It was the first of its kind in the republic 's young history .   With financial assistance from the United States and the dedication of twelve aspiring Korean researchers , the institute made invaluable contributions in supporting Korea 's early economic and social development by providing high quality and objective policy research and analysis .   For the past forty years , KDI has conducted research on a broad range of economic and social issues , from macroeconomics policy , fiscal policy , finance , welfare , labor , trade , competition policy , to the North Korean economy . To cope with the new challenges of a rapidly changing economy , the institute 's role and responsibilities have expanded over the years , with the addition of the Economic Information and Education Center , the KDI School of Public Policy and Management , and the Public and Private Infrastructure Investment Management Center . The institute has also led Korea 's efforts to take a greater role in the international development community , expanding its research and knowledge sharing activities and global footprint through the Center for International Development .

The Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission ( KLWCT ) , also known as the Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal , is a Malaysian organisation established in 2007 by Mahathir Mohamad to investigate war crimes . The KLWCC was instigated as an alternative to the International Criminal Court in The Hague , which Mahathir accused of bias in its selection of cases to cover .

Developmental Association for Human Advancement commonly knowns as DEHAT-Because every child matters is a Non-Profit-Organization in India that strives to restore the rights of children who 're either forgotten or facing disability and vulnerability across the underprivileged demographics in India.The organization partners with grass-roots Non-Governmental Organizations & Government stake holders to uplift thousands of Indian children who 're denied of their basic children 's rights . Meanwhile , DEHAT believes that beneficiaries itself , can play massive role in their monitoring process and scaling up their impact more efficiently , they use to form , enable , empower and educate Community Based Organizations ( CBOs ) for the same .  DEHAT 's efforts are best defined and lies in 4 basic rights of children i.e. Survival , Development , Protection and Participation which were defined by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child ( CRC ) , an international human rights treaty which has been ratified by 192 countries .

A revolution ( from the Latin revolutio , `` a turn around '' ) is a fundamental change in political power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively short period of time when the population rises up in revolt against the current authorities .  Aristotle described two types of political revolution :  Complete change from one constitution to another  Modification of an existing constitution .  Revolutions have occurred through human history and vary widely in terms of methods , duration , and motivating ideology . Their results include major changes in culture , economy , and socio-political institutions .   Scholarly debates about what does and does not constitute a revolution center on several issues . Early studies of revolutions primarily analyzed events in European history from a psychological perspective , but more modern examinations include global events and incorporate perspectives from several social sciences , including sociology and political science . Several generations of scholarly thought on revolutions have generated many competing theories and contributed much to the current understanding of this complex phenomenon .

Reef Check is an international non-governmental organization dedicated to the conservation of two reef ecosystems : tropical coral reefs and Californian rocky reefs . The Foundation is headquartered in Los Angeles , California , United States , but uses data from volunteer scuba diver teams in over 80 countries , ranging from Australia , Japan , to even Germany . It is the United Nations ' official coral reef monitoring program .

In international law , diplomatic protection ( or diplomatic espousal ) is a means for a State to take diplomatic and other action against another State on behalf of its national whose rights and interests have been injured by the other State . Diplomatic protection , which has been confirmed in different cases of the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice , is a discretionary right of a State and may take any form that is not prohibited by international law . It can include consular action , negotiations with the other State , political and economic pressure , judicial or arbitral proceedings or other forms of peaceful dispute settlement .   In 2006 , the International Law Commission adopted the Articles on Diplomatic Protection , regulating the entitlement and the exercise of diplomatic protection .

The Declaration of Helsinki is a document setting out ethical principles for human medical experimentation . The term may also refer to :  The Helsinki Accords  Declaration of Helsinki ( Information Technology ) , the Global Cities principles  The Helsinki Declaration for Patient Safety in Anaesthesiology

Knowledge Ecology International ( KEI ) is a non-governmental organization . It was founded by Ralph Nader in 1995 and was then called Consumer Project on Technology . It deals with issues related to the effects of intellectual property on public health , cyberlaw and e-commerce , and competition policy . It has fought the Microsoft monopoly , the ICANN monopoly , software patents , and business method patents . It has supported free software in government , open access for the Internet , and privacy regulation . KEI works on access to medicines , including a major effort on compulsory licensing of patents . Beginning in 2002 , CPTech began to work with Tim Hubbard and others on a new trade framework for medical research and development ( R&D ) . In the context of current bilateral agreements , this is referred to as R&D + , which in contrast to TRIPS + approaches .   KEI is also working with a number of other NGOs to change the mission of the World Intellectual Property Organization ( WIPO ) , so that it operates more like a true UN agency , with a social rather than a commercial agenda .   The organization is directed by James Love .

Rajendra Arun is a scholar of the Ramayana and of Indian Philosophy . He is the founder and president of the Ramayana Centre , set up by an Act of the Parliament of Mauritius in 2001 to promote and propagate the Ramayana and the spiritual , social and cultural values flowing therefrom .   Pandit Arun is famous worldwide for his books on the Ramayana , starting from Hari Katha Ananta , published in 1983 to Manas Mein Nari , published in 2010 and for his radio programs broadcast on Mauritian national radio since 1983 . An eminence on the Ramayana , Mr Arun has given many invited talks across the world on the subject .   Rajendra Arun has his own place among the narrators of Ramcharitmanas . He is unique in his style , as he engages his audience and readers in a manner that is neither unnecessarily melodramatic nor philosophically dry . He narrates the story of Ramayana in a very articulate and lucid way so that the listeners while enjoying it , are immensely inspired . He has earned the adulation of his readers and recognition of critics and institutions around the world . Rajendra Arun was born on July 29 , 1945 in Naravapitambarpur village in Faizabad district , Uttar Pradesh , India . He adopted journalism after acquiring a Masters , in Hindi from Allahabad University . In 1973 , he went to Mauritius and became the managing editor of the ` Janata ' Hindi weekly owned by the then Prime Minister Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam . He had also been appointed the representative of ` Samachar ' and United News of India ( UNI ) . Presently he is the founder and Chairman of Ramayana Centre , a first institution of its kind in the World set up by an Act of Parliament . Under his leadership , the Ramayana Centre is actively promoting and propagating the spiritual , social and cultural values flowing therefrom .

Kybernetes is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of cybernetics and systems thinking exploring the complex relationships between human beings and technology to determine how humans develop meaningful and satisfying roles , and interact with their mechanical and electronic counterparts . The journal was established in 1972 and is the official journal of the UNESCO recognized World Organisation of Systems and Cybernetics ( WOSC ) and The Cybernetics Society . It is published by Emerald Group Publishing .