Question: Since the late nineteenth century, Earth’s mean surface warmth has escalated approximately 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (equivalent to 0.9 degrees Celsius), predominantly propelled by augmented greenhouse gases like CO2 emanating from anthropogenic activities that have accumulated in our atmospheric layer. This escalation of heat is closely linked with the intensifying concentration of these gaseous pollutants.

 Anthropogenic Climate Change: A Brief Overview
The Earth's climate system undergoes continuous changes influenced significantly by anthropogenic actions. Since pre-industrial times, particularly during the last two centuries, humans have altered atmospheric composition through burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and various agricultural practices. These alterations led to a rise in concentrations of greenhouse gases—primarily CO₂—which trap heat within the lower atmosphere causing temperatures to climb. According to scientific consensus, Earth’s mean surface temperature has escalated approximately 1.8°F (or roughly 1°C), predominantly due to escalating levels of manmade pollutants. This phenomenon, known widely as "global warming," contributes substantially to shifts observed across ecosystems globally, impacting weather patterns, sea level fluctuations, and biological systems alike.

This modern era of rapid climate transformation contrasts starkly against historical trends governed solely by natural variability. Unlike past epochs where cooling phases dominated – leading some scientists to theorize about possible future “ice ages” – current conditions reflect a distinct departure attributable directly to human intervention. Understanding how recent modifications compare historically offers valuable insights regarding potential consequences associated with ongoing environmental degradation. Ultimately, recognizing humanity's pivotal role becomes crucial when considering strategies aimed at mitigating adverse outcomes while preserving ecological integrity for generations ahead.

Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources , which are naturally replenished on a human timescale , such as sunlight , wind , rain , tides , waves , and geothermal heat . Renewable energy often provides energy in four important areas : electricity generation , air and water heating/cooling , transportation , and rural ( off-grid ) energy services .   Based on REN21 's 2016 report , renewables contributed 19.2 % to humans ' global energy consumption and 23.7 % to their generation of electricity in 2014 and 2015 , respectively . This energy consumption is divided as 8.9 % coming from traditional biomass , 4.2 % as heat energy ( modern biomass , geothermal and solar heat ) , 3.9 % hydro electricity and 2.2 % is electricity from wind , solar , geothermal , and biomass . Worldwide investments in renewable technologies amounted to more than US$ 286 billion in 2015 , with countries like China and the United States heavily investing in wind , hydro , solar and biofuels . Globally , there are an estimated 7.7 million jobs associated with the renewable energy industries , with solar photovoltaics being the largest renewable employer . As of 2015 worldwide , more than half of all new electricity capacity installed was renewable .   Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas , in contrast to other energy sources , which are concentrated in a limited number of countries . Rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency is resulting in significant energy security , climate change mitigation , and economic benefits . The results of a recent review of the literature concluded that as greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emitters begin to be held liable for damages resulting from GHG emissions resulting in climate change , a high value for liability mitigation would provide powerful incentives for deployment of renewable energy technologies . In international public opinion surveys there is strong support for promoting renewable sources such as solar power and wind power . At the national level , at least 30 nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20 percent of energy supply . National renewable energy markets are projected to continue to grow strongly in the coming decade and beyond . Some places and at least two countries , Iceland and Norway generate all their electricity using renewable energy already , and many other countries have the set a goal to reach 100 % renewable energy in the future . For example , in Denmark the government decided to switch the total energy supply ( electricity , mobility and heating/cooling ) to 100 % renewable energy by 2050 .   While many renewable energy projects are large-scale , renewable technologies are also suited to rural and remote areas and developing countries , where energy is often crucial in human development . United Nations ' Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has said that renewable energy has the ability to lift the poorest nations to new levels of prosperity . As most of renewables provide electricity , renewable energy deployment is often applied in conjunction with further electrification , which has several benefits : Electricity can be converted to heat ( where necessary generating higher temperatures than fossil fuels ) , can be converted into mechanical energy with high efficiency and is clean at the point of consumption . In addition to that electrification with renewable energy is much more efficient and therefore leads to a significant reduction in primary energy requirements , because most renewables do n't have a steam cycle with high losses ( fossil power plants usually have losses of 40 to 65 % ) .   Renewable energy systems are rapidly becoming more efficient and cheaper . Their share of total energy consumption is increasing . Growth in consumption of coal and oil could end by 2020 due to increased uptake of renewables and natural gas .

In optics , Lambert 's cosine law says that the radiant intensity or luminous intensity observed from an ideal diffusely reflecting surface or ideal diffuse radiator is directly proportional to the cosine of the angle θ between the direction of the incident light and the surface normal . The law is also known as the cosine emission law or Lambert 's emission law . It is named after Johann Heinrich Lambert , from his Photometria , published in 1760 .   A surface which obeys Lambert 's law is said to be Lambertian , and exhibits Lambertian reflectance . Such a surface has the same radiance when viewed from any angle . This means , for example , that to the human eye it has the same apparent brightness ( or luminance ) . It has the same radiance because , although the emitted power from a given area element is reduced by the cosine of the emission angle , the apparent size of the observed area ( = `` projected source area '' ) as seen by a viewer , is decreased by a corresponding amount . Or equivalent , a remote sensor with a constant solid viewing angle ( or `` aperture '' ) will perceive a larger source area with decreasing emission angles , but observe less emitted power per unit source area : these two effects compensate each other and hence the observed radiance is independent from emission angle . Therefore , its radiance ( power per unit solid angle per unit projected source area ) is the same .

The decompression of a diver is the reduction in ambient pressure experienced during ascent from depth . It is also the process of elimination of dissolved inert gases from the diver 's body , which occurs during the ascent , during pauses in the ascent known as decompression stops , and after surfacing until the gas concentrations reach equilibrium . Divers breathing gas at ambient pressure need to ascend at a rate determined by their exposure to pressure and the breathing gas in use . A diver who only breathes gas at atmospheric pressure when free-diving or snorkelling will not usually need to decompress , Divers using an atmospheric diving suit do not need to decompress as they are never exposed to high ambient pressure .   When a diver descends in the water the hydrostatic pressure , and therefore the ambient pressure , rises . Because breathing gas is supplied at ambient pressure , some of this gas dissolves into the diver 's blood and is transferred by the blood to other tissues . Inert gas such as nitrogen or helium continues to be taken up until the gas dissolved in the diver is in a state of equilibrium with the breathing gas in the diver 's lungs , at which point the diver is saturated for that depth and breathing mixture , or the depth , and therefore the pressure , is changed . During ascent , the ambient pressure is reduced , and at some stage the inert gases dissolved in any given tissue will be at a higher concentration than the equilibrium state and start to diffuse out again . If the pressure reduction is sufficient , excess gas may form bubbles , which may lead to decompression sickness , a possibly debilitating or life-threatening condition . It is essential that divers manage their decompression to avoid excessive bubble formation and decompression sickness . A mismanaged decompression usually results from reducing the ambient pressure too quickly for the amount of gas in solution to be eliminated safely . These bubbles may block arterial blood supply to tissues or directly cause tissue damage . If the decompression is effective , the asymptomatic venous microbubbles present after most dives are eliminated from the diver 's body in the alveolar capillary beds of the lungs . If they are not given enough time , or more bubbles are created than can be eliminated safely , the bubbles grow in size and number causing the symptoms and injuries of decompression sickness . The immediate goal of controlled decompression is to avoid development of symptoms of bubble formation in the tissues of the diver , and the long-term goal is to avoid complications due to sub-clinical decompression injury .   The mechanisms of bubble formation and the damage bubbles cause has been the subject of medical research for a considerable time and several hypotheses have been advanced and tested . Tables and algorithms for predicting the outcome of decompression schedules for specified hyperbaric exposures have been proposed , tested and used , and in many cases , superseded . Although constantly refined and generally considered acceptably reliable , the actual outcome for any individual diver remains slightly unpredictable . Although decompression retains some risk , this is now generally considered acceptable for dives within the well tested range of normal recreational and professional diving . Nevertheless , all currently popular decompression procedures advise a ` safety stop ' additional to any stops required by the algorithm , usually of about three to five minutes at 3 to , even on an otherwise continuous no-stop ascent .   Decompression may be continuous or staged . A staged decompression is interrupted by decompression stops at calculated depth intervals , but the entire ascent is actually part of the decompression and the ascent rate is critical to harmless elimination of inert gas . A no-decompression dive , or more accurately , a dive with no-stop decompression , relies on limiting the ascent rate for avoidance of excessive bubble formation . The elapsed time at surface pressure immediately after a dive is also an important part of decompression and can be thought of as the last decompression stop of a dive . It can take up to 24 hours for the body to return to its normal atmospheric levels of inert gas saturation after a dive . When time is spent on the surface between dives this is known as the `` surface interval '' and is considered when calculating decompression requirements for the subsequent dive .

A radioactive source or radiation source is a sample of a radionuclide , and emits ionizing radiation ( one or more of gamma rays , alpha particles , beta particles , and neutron radiation ) . Generally , sources are used for irradiation , where the radiation performs a significant ionising function on a target material , or as a metrology calibration source , which is used for the calibration of radiometric process and radiation protection instrumentation . They can be sealed in a container or on a surface , or they can be free to move within a fluid .   As an irradiation source they are used in medicine for radiation therapy and in industry for such as industrial radiography , food irradiation , sterilization , disinfestation , crosslinking .   Radionuclides are chosen according to the type and character of the radiation they emit , intensity of emission , and the half-life of their decay . Common source radionuclides include cobalt-60 , iridium-192 , and strontium-90 . The SI measurement quantity of source activity is the Becquerel , though the historical unit Curies is still in partial use , such as in the USA , despite the USA NIST strongly advising the use of the SI unit . The SI unit for health purposes is mandatory in the EU .   An irradiation source typically lasts for between 5 and 15 years before its activity drops below useful levels . However sources with long half-life radionuclides when utilised as calibration sources can be used for much longer .

Diastrophism refers to deformation of the Earth 's crust , and more especially to folding and faulting . Diastrophism can be considered part of geotectonics . Diastrophism comes from the Greek word meaning a twisting .   All processes that move , elevate or build up portions of the earth 's crust come under diastrophism . They include : ( i ) orogenic processes involving mountain building through severe folding and affecting long and narrow belts of the earth 's crust ; ( ii ) epeirogenic processes involving uplift or warping of large parts of the earth 's crust ; ( iii ) earthquakes involving local relatively minor movements ; ( iv ) plate tectonics involving horizontal movements of crustal plates .   Diastrophism covers movement of solid ( plastic ) crust material , as opposed to movement of molten material which is covered by volcanism . Movement causes rock to be bent or broken . The most obvious evidence of disastrophic movement can be seen where sedimentary rocks have been bent , broken or tilted . Such non-horizontal strata provide visual proof of movement . Diastrophic movement can be classified as two types , folding and faulting , tilted beds usually are part of a larger syncline or anticline . Diastrophic movement is often called orogenic as it is associated with mountain building .   There are various theories of the cause of diastrophic movement such as being the result of pressures exerted by convection currents in the mantle or the rise of magma through the crust . Other deformations are caused by meteorite impact and combinations of gravity and erosion such as landslides and slumping .   The study of diastrophism encompasses the varying responses of the crust to tectonic stresses . These responses include linear or torsional horizontal movements ( such as continental drift ) and vertical subsidence and uplift of the lithosphere ( strain ) in response to natural stresses on Earth 's surface such as the weight of mountains , lakes , and glaciers . Subsurface conditions also cause subsidence or uplift , known as epeirogeny , over large areas of Earth 's surface without deforming rock strata . Such changes include the thickening of the lithosphere by overthrusting , changes in rock density of the lithosphere caused by metamorphism or thermal expansion and contraction , increases in the volume of the asthenosphere ( part of the upper mantle supporting the lithosphere ) caused by hydration of olivine , and orogenic , or mountain-building , movements .

The Degree Confluence Project is a World Wide Web-based , all-volunteer project which aims to have people visit each of the integer degree intersections of latitude and longitude on Earth , posting photographs and a narrative of each visit online . The project describes itself as `` an organized sampling of the world '' .

Large numbers are numbers that are significantly larger than those ordinarily used in everyday life , for instance in simple counting or in monetary transactions . The term typically refers to large positive integers , or more generally , large positive real numbers , but it may also be used in other contexts .   Very large numbers often occur in fields such as mathematics , cosmology , cryptography , and statistical mechanics . Sometimes people refer to numbers as being `` astronomically large '' . However , it is easy to mathematically define numbers that are much larger even than those used in astronomy .

Ramadan ( Arabic : رمضان ) or Ramadhan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar , and the month in which the Quran was revealed .   Fasting during the month of Ramadan is one of the Five Pillars of Islam . The month is spent by Muslims fasting during the daylight hours from dawn to sunset . According to Islam , the Quran was sent down to the lowest heaven during this month , thus being prepared for gradual revelation by Jibreel ( Gabriel ) to the Islamic prophet Muhammad . Therefore , Muhammad told his followers that the gates of Heaven would be open for the entire month and the gates of Hell ( Jahannam ) would be closed . The first day of the next month , Shawwal , is spent in celebration and is observed as the `` Festival of Breaking Fast '' or Eid al-Fitr .

The Decadent Movement was a late 19th-century artistic and literary movement , centered in Western Europe , that followed an aesthetic ideology of excess and artificiality . The visual artist Félicien Rops 's body of work and Joris-Karl Huysmans 's novel Against Nature ( 1884 ) are considered the prime examples of the decadent movement . It first flourished in France and then spread throughout Europe and to the United States . The movement was characterized by self-disgust , sickness at the world , general skepticism , delighting in perversion , and employing crude humor and a belief in the superiority of human creativity over logic and the natural world .

The Last Days on Earth is a 20/20 science special which aired on ABC in August 2006 and has been aired on The History Channel .   The show counts down the seven most likely ways in which human life could end , including gamma ray bursts , black holes , machine rule , asteroids , super volcanoes , nuclear war , pandemic flu , and climate change . It includes input from a number of scientists including Michio Kaku , Neil deGrasse Tyson , Stephen Hawking and Kevin Warwick . In 2007 it received an Emmy nomination for its graphic and artistic design .


Question: Since the late nineteenth century, there’s been an increase of approximately 1.62 degrees Fahrenheit (or around 0.9 degrees Celsius), in Earth’s mean surface warmth; this alteration can be attributed mainly to amplified quantities of CO2 along with additional anthropogenic discharges within our atmospheric layer. This shift reflects how much humans have influenced climate patterns over time through their activities that release greenhouse gases like never before on record!

 Rise in Average Surface Temperature: A Closer Look
Since the end of the nineteenth century, there has been a notable rise in the earth’s mean surface temperature—approximately 1.62°Fahrenheit(about 0.9°Celsius). This significant uptick can predominantly be attributed to heightened levels of carbon dioxide along with additional manmade pollutants being discharged into the atmosphere. These findings align closely with extensive research conducted across multiple disciplines within science, confirming broad agreement among experts regarding both the reality and root causes behind contemporary climate shifts. Peer-reviewed literature consistently reinforces conclusions drawn by leading bodies such as the IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel On ClimateChange), underscoring how overwhelming majority view points coalesce around understanding human impact plays pivotal role shaping planetary conditions going forward. Despite some dissenting voices suggesting alternative explanations, rigorous scrutiny reveals those counterarguments often fail muster under closer examination; thus reinforcing confidence amongst professionals committed advancing knowledge frontiers related environmental stewardship challenges ahead us all collectively face together moving forwards sustainably into future generations yet unborn but whose wellbeing depends greatly upon decisions made today concerning care taken preserving delicate balance life sustaining ecosystems provide freely without asking anything return except perhaps gratitude shown through responsible action taken safeguard precious gift bestowed humanity countless millennia ago when first emerged onto stage history destined play starring roles unfolding drama existence itself unfolds before eyes wonder filled awe inspired beholders everywhere look skyward night marvel stars shining brightly remind us we’re part something much greater ourselves alone afterall...

Note - I tried keeping everything else constant while changing content accordingly so please let me know if need any clarification! Also apologies beforehand typos might've crept editing process :) Hope helps though!! Let me know thoughts feedback appreciated always!!! Have great day/night wherever whenever reading this message comes your way!!!! Cheers!!!!!

Deep ocean water ( DOW ) is the name for cold , salty water found deep below the surface of Earth 's oceans . Ocean water differs in temperature and salinity . Warm surface water is generally saltier than the cooler deep or polar waters ; in polar regions , the upper layers of ocean water are cold and fresh . Deep ocean water makes up about 90 % of the volume of the oceans . Deep ocean water has a very uniform temperature , around 0-3 ° C , and a salinity of about 3.5 % or as oceanographers state as 35 ppt ( parts per thousand ) .   In specialized locations such as the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii NELHA ocean water is pumped to the surface from approximately 900 metres ( 3000 feet ) deep for applications in research , commercial and pre-commercial activities . DOW is typically used to describe ocean water at sub-thermal depths sufficient to provide a measurable difference in water temperature .   When deep ocean water is brought to the surface , it can be used for a variety of things . Its most useful property is its temperature . At the surface of the Earth , most water and air is well above 3 ° C . The difference in temperature is indicative of a difference in energy . Where there is an energy gradient , skillful application of science and engineering can harness that energy for productive use by humans . Assuming the source of deep ocean water is environmentally friendly and replenished by natural mechanisms , it forms a more innovative basis for cleaner energy than current fossil-fuel-derived energy .   The simplest use of cold water is for air conditioning : using the cold water itself to cool air saves the energy that would be used by the compressors for traditional refrigeration . Another use could be to replace expensive desalination plants . When cold water passes through a pipe surrounded by humid air , condensation results . The condensate is pure water , suitable for humans to drink or for crop irrigation . Via a technology called Ocean thermal energy conversion , the temperature difference can be turned into electricity .

The Dewey Decimal Classification ( DDC ) , or Dewey Decimal System , is a proprietary library classification system first published in the United States by Melvil Dewey in 1876 . It has been revised and expanded through 23 major editions , the latest issued in 2011 , and has grown from a four-page pamphlet in 1876 . It is also available in an abridged version suitable for smaller libraries . It is currently maintained by the Online Computer Library Center ( OCLC ) , a non-profit cooperative that serves libraries . OCLC licenses access to an online version for catalogers called WebDewey .   The Decimal Classification introduced the concepts of relative location and relative index which allow new books to be added to a library in their appropriate location based on subject . Libraries previously had given books permanent shelf locations that were related to the order of acquisition rather than topic . The classification 's notation makes use of three-digit Arabic numerals for main classes , with fractional decimals allowing expansion for further detail . Using Arabic numerals for symbols , it is flexible to the degree that numbers can be expanded in linear fashion to cover special aspects of general subjects . A library assigns a classification number that unambiguously locates a particular volume in a position relative to other books in the library , on the basis of its subject . The number makes it possible to find any book and to return it to its proper place on the library shelves.Consider as an example a book on the network protocol IPv6 . It will be located at 004.62 , after general networking books ( 004.6 ) . The shelf location is thus defined . The classification system is used in 200,000 libraries in at least 135 countries .   The major competing classification system to the Dewey Decimal system is the Library of Congress Classification system created by the U.S. Library of Congress .

This year was known as the ` Year Without a Summer ' because of low temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere , the result of the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption in Indonesia in 1815 . The sulfur from this eruption reflected the sun 's rays and caused severe global cooling , catastrophic in some locations .

Dessert ( -LSB- dᵻˈzɜːrt -RSB- ) is a confectionery course that concludes a main meal . The course usually consists of sweet foods and beverages , such as dessert wine or liqueurs , but may include coffee , cheeses , nuts , or other savory items . In some parts of the world , such as much of central and western Africa , and most parts of China , there is no tradition of a dessert course to conclude a meal .   The term `` dessert '' can apply to many confections , such as cakes , tarts , cookies , biscuits , gelatins , pastries , ice creams , pies , puddings , custards , and sweet soups . Fruit is also commonly found in dessert courses because of its naturally occurring sweetness . Some cultures sweeten foods that are more commonly savory to create desserts .

A dipstick is one of several measurement devices .   Some dipsticks are dipped into a liquid to perform a chemical test or to provide a measure of quantity of the liquid .   Since the late 20th century , a flatness/levelness measuring device trademarked `` Dipstick '' has been used to produce concrete and pavement surface profiles and to help establish profile measurement standards in the concrete floor and paving industries .

The large intestine , also known as the large bowel or colon , is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system in vertebrates . Water is absorbed here and the remaining waste material is stored as feces before being removed by defecation .   Most sources define the large intestine as the combination of the cecum , colon , rectum , and anal canal . Some other sources exclude the anal canal .   In humans , the large intestine begins in the right iliac region of the pelvis , just at or below the waist , where it is joined to the end of the small intestine at the cecum , via the ileocecal valve . It then continues as the colon ascending the abdomen , across the width of the abdominal cavity as the transverse colon , and then descending to the rectum and its endpoint at the anal canal . Overall , in humans , the large intestine is about 1.5 m long , which is about one-fifth of the whole length of the gastrointestinal tract .

The 1940s ( pronounced `` nineteen-forties '' and commonly abbreviated as the `` Forties '' ) was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1 , 1940 , and ended on December 31 , 1949 .

Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that cause a long term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that is great enough to affect a person 's daily functioning . Other common symptoms include emotional problems , problems with language , and a decrease in motivation . A person 's consciousness is usually not affected . A dementia diagnosis requires a change from a person 's usual mental functioning and a greater decline than one would expect due to aging . These diseases also have a significant effect on a person 's caregivers .   The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer 's disease , which makes up 50 % to 70 % of cases . Other common types include vascular dementia ( 25 % ) , Lewy body dementia ( 15 % ) , and frontotemporal dementia . Less common causes include normal pressure hydrocephalus , Parkinson 's disease , syphilis , and Creutzfeldt -- Jakob disease among others . More than one type of dementia may exist in the same person . A small proportion of cases run in families . In the DSM-5 , dementia was reclassified as a neurocognitive disorder , with various degrees of severity . Diagnosis is usually based on history of the illness and cognitive testing with medical imaging and blood work used to rule out other possible causes . The mini mental state examination is one commonly used cognitive test . Efforts to prevent dementia include trying to decrease risk factors such as high blood pressure , smoking , diabetes , and obesity . Screening the general population for the disorder is not recommended .   There is no cure for dementia . Cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil are often used and may be beneficial in mild to moderate disorder . Overall benefit , however , may be minor . There are many measures that can improve the quality of life of people with dementia and their caregivers . Cognitive and behavioral interventions may be appropriate . Educating and providing emotional support to the caregiver is important . Exercise programs may be beneficial with respect to activities of daily living and potentially improve outcomes . Treatment of behavioral problems with antipsychotics is common but not usually recommended due to the little benefit and side effects , including an increased risk of death .   Globally , dementia affected about 46 million people in 2015 . About 10 % of people develop the disorder at some point in their lives . It becomes more common with age . About 3 % of people between the ages of 65 -- 74 have dementia , 19 % between 75 and 84 and nearly half of those over 85 years of age . In 2013 dementia resulted in about 1.7 million deaths up from 0.8 million in 1990 . As more people are living longer , dementia is becoming more common in the population as a whole . For people of a specific age , however , it may be becoming less frequent , at least in the developed world , due to a decrease in risk factors . It is one of the most common causes of disability among the old . It is believed to result in economic costs of 604 billion USD a year . People with dementia are often physically or chemically restrained to a greater degree than necessary , raising issues of human rights . Social stigma against those affected is common .

A one-hundred-year flood is a flood event that has a 1 % probability of occurring in any given year . The 100-year flood is also referred to as the 1 % flood , since its annual exceedance probability is 1 % . For river systems , the 100-year flood is generally expressed as a flowrate . Based on the expected 100-year flood flow rate , the flood water level can be mapped as an area of inundation . The resulting floodplain map is referred to as the 100-year floodplain . Estimates of the 100-year flood flowrate and other streamflow statistics for any stream in the United States are available . In the UK The Environment Agency publishes a comprehensive map of all areas at risk of a 1 in 100 year flood ( Flood zone 3 ) Areas near the coast of an ocean or large lake also can be flooded by combinations of tide , storm surge , and waves . Maps of the riverine or coastal 100-year floodplain may figure importantly in building permits , environmental regulations , and flood insurance .

Dew is water in the form of droplets that appears on thin , exposed objects in the morning or evening due to condensation . As the exposed surface cools by radiating its heat , atmospheric moisture condenses at a rate greater than that at which it can evaporate , resulting in the formation of water droplets .   When temperatures are low enough , dew takes the form of ice ; this form is called frost .   Because dew is related to the temperature of surfaces , in late summer it forms most easily on surfaces that are not warmed by conducted heat from deep ground , such as grass , leaves , railings , car roofs , and bridges .   Dew should not be confused with guttation , which is the process by which plants release excess water from the tips of their leaves .


Question: A significant proportion of temperature increase has been observed over the last three-and-a-half decades, featuring the top five hottest recorded years all occurring post-2010.

21st Century Climate Change Trends
In recent decades, particularly within the last thirty-five years, there has been a notable acceleration in global temperatures, marking significant shifts in earth’s climate system. Since 2010, records indicate that we've experienced the highest average annual temperatures ever documented, highlighting the rapid pace of modern-day climate change. These trends coincide with increased carbon dioxide levels resulting largely from burning fossil fuels—a phenomenon closely tied to industrial expansion post-World War II. Notably, the 2000s saw substantial technological advancements alongside growing awareness about sustainability challenges; however, despite early warnings, greenhouse gases continued unabated leading up until now where impacts become increasingly severe across ecosystems globally. Economic prosperity achieved through much of this period came at great cost: rising sea levels threatening coastal communities' livelihoods while extreme weather events grew more frequent and intense than historical norms suggest they should occur under stable conditions without anthropogenic interference.

10000 may refer to :  10000 ( number )  10,000 , the last year in the 10th millennium  Ten Thousand ( Greek ) , a group of mercenary units

The Deccan Traps are a large igneous province located on the Deccan Plateau of west-central India ( 17 ° -- 24 ° N , 73 ° -- 74 ° E ) and one of the largest volcanic features on Earth . They consist of multiple layers of solidified flood basalt that together are more than 2000 m thick , cover an area of 500000 km2 , and have a volume of 1000000 km3 . Originally , the Deccan Traps may have covered 1500000 km2 , with a correspondingly larger original volume .

1000 Years of Popular Music is a 2003 live album by Richard Thompson .   The album was originally conceived after Richard Thompson , along with many other artists , was asked by Playboy magazine to nominate his choice of songs of the last 1000 years . He took them exactly at their word and served up a list that included the oldest-known English-language songs , a medieval Italian dance tune and various other folk songs alongside slightly more contemporary fare . The list was never published by Playboy '' ; it was subsequently released into CD format . The songs comprising the track list cover a roughly thousand-year period , 1068 -- 2001 , starting with `` Sumer Is Icumen In '' . The most recent song included on the album is Britney Spears ' hit `` Oops ! ... I Did It Again '' .   The songs , arranged for play on a single guitar , are played by Thompson , vocalist Judith Owen , and percussionist Michael Jerome , when needed .   A DVD with the same name was released in 2006 . This was recorded sometime later during a different tour , has a slightly different track listing and features Debra Dobkin replacing Michael Jerome on percussion and vocals .

Year 1500 ( MD ) was a leap year starting on Wednesday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar .   The year was seen as being especially important by many Christians in Europe , who thought it would bring the beginning of the end of the world . Their belief was based on the phrase `` half-time after the time '' , when the apocalypse was due to occur , which appears in the Book of Revelation and was seen as referring to 1500 . The year 1500 is also considered the complete end of the Middle Ages .

The 1918 flu pandemic ( January 1918 -- December 1920 ) was an unusually deadly  influenza pandemic , the first of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus . It infected 500 million people across the world , including remote Pacific islands and the Arctic , and resulted in the deaths of 50 to 100 million ( three to five percent of the world 's population ) , making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in human history . Disease had already greatly limited life expectancy in the early 20th century . A considerable spike occurred at the time of the pandemic , specifically the year 1918 . Life expectancy in the United States alone dropped by about 12 years .   Most influenza outbreaks disproportionately kill juvenile , elderly , or already weakened patients ; in contrast , the 1918 pandemic predominantly killed previously healthy young adults .   There are several possible explanations for the high mortality rate of the 1918 influenza pandemic . Some research suggests that the specific variant of the virus had an unusually aggressive nature . One group of researchers recovered the original virus from the bodies of frozen victims , and found that transfection in animals caused a rapid progressive respiratory failure and death through a cytokine storm ( overreaction of the body 's immune system ) . It was then postulated that the strong immune reactions of young adults ravaged the body , whereas the weaker immune systems of children and middle-aged adults resulted in fewer deaths among those groups .   More recent investigations , mainly based on original medical reports from the period of the pandemic , found that the viral infection itself was not more aggressive than any previous influenza , but that the special circumstances ( malnourishment , overcrowded medical camps and hospitals , poor hygiene ) promoted bacterial superinfection that killed most of the victims typically after a somewhat prolonged death bed .   Historical and epidemiological data are inadequate to identify the pandemic 's geographic origin . It was implicated in the outbreak of encephalitis lethargica in the 1920s .   To maintain morale , wartime censors minimized early reports of illness and mortality in Germany , Britain , France , and the United States . However , papers were free to report the epidemic 's effects in neutral Spain ( such as the grave illness of King Alfonso XIII ) . This reporting dichotomy created a false impression of Spain as especially hard hit , thereby giving rise to the pandemic 's nickname , Spanish Flu . In Spain , a different nickname was adopted , the Naples Soldier ( Soldado de Nápoles ) , which came from a musical operetta ( zarzuela ) titled La canción del olvido ( The Song of Forgetting ) , which premiered in Madrid during the first epidemic wave . Federico Romero , one of the librettists , quipped that the play 's most popular musical number , Naples Soldier , was as catchy as the flu .

The 1970 North Indian Ocean cyclone season had no bounds , but tropical cyclones in the North Indian Ocean tend to form between April and December , with peaks in May and November . The 1970 season saw a total of seven cyclonic storms , of which three developed into severe cyclonic storms . The Bay of Bengal was more active than the Arabian Sea during 1970 , with all of the three severe cyclonic storms in the season forming there . Unusually , none of the storms in the Arabian Sea made landfall this year . The most significant storm of the season was the Bhola cyclone , which formed in the Bay of Bengal and hit Bangladesh on November 12 . The storm killed at least 300,000 and possibly even over half a million people , making it the deadliest tropical cyclone in recorded history .   __ TOC __

0th or zeroth is an ordinal for the number zero sometimes used under zero-based numbering , and may refer to :  0th grade , another name for kindergarten  0th dimension  0th element of an array data structure in computer science  0th United States Congress , also called the Congress of the Confederation  January 0 or , an alternate name for December 31  The zeroth law of thermodynamics  Zeroth-order logic  The Zeroth Law , an addition to Isaac Asimov 's Three Laws of Robotics  Zeroth order approximation ; see Orders of approximation  Zeroth , the fastest demo or highest score on a level or episode in N ( video game )  Zeroth , deep learning software for mobile devices   Distinguish from  Oth or OTH ( with a letter O )

Decas is a compilation album by the American metal band As I Lay Dying . It features three newly recorded songs , four cover songs , four remixes and one re-recording . The album was released through Metal Blade Records on November 4 , 2011 in Germany , Austria , and Switzerland ; on November 7 in the UK and the rest of Europe ; and on November 8 in the US .   The release of Decas is meant to commemorate As I Lay Dying 's tenth anniversary of being a band , and was also described by the group as a gift to their fans for their support over the years . Coinciding with the release of Decas , As I Lay Dying embarked on the `` A Decade of Destruction '' tour running from November through December 2011 with openers Of Mice & Men , The Ghost Inside , Iwrestledabearonce and Sylosis .   `` Paralyzed '' was first released as a YouTube lyric video on September 13 , 2011 . Also , on November 7 , the day before the album 's US release , `` Paralyzed '' was released on iTunes as a free download . The track was originally intended to be the iTunes pre-order bonus for As I Lay Dying 's previous album , The Powerless Rise . `` War Ensemble '' was previously released in a Limited Edition Free Download of the Video Game , Homefront soundtrack . `` Electric Eye '' was first available to stream via Noisecreep on October 3 , 2011 .

Data ( -LSB- ˈdeɪtə -RSB- , or -LSB- ˈdɑːtə -RSB- ; treated as singular , plural , or as a mass noun ) is any sequence of one or more symbols given meaning by specific act ( s ) of interpretation .   Data ( or datum -- a single unit of data ) requires interpretation to become information . To translate data to information , there must be several known factors considered . The factors involved are determined by the creator of the data and the desired information . The term metadata is used to reference the data about the data . Metadata may be implied , specified or given . Data relating to physical events or processes will also have a temporal component . In almost all cases this temporal component is implied . This is the case when a device such as a temperature logger received data from a temperature sensor . When the temperature is received it is assumed that the data has a temporal references of `` now '' . So the device records the date , time and temperature together . When the data logger communicates temperatures , it must also report the date and time ( metadata ) for each temperature .   Digital data is data that is represented using the binary number system of ones ( 1 ) and zeros ( 0 ) , as opposed to analog representation . In modern ( post 1960 ) computer systems , all data is digital . Data within a computer , in most cases , moves as parallel data . Data moving to or from a computer , in most cases , moves as serial data . See Parallel communication and Serial communication . Data sourced from an analog device , such as a temperature sensor , must pass through an `` analog to digital converter '' or `` ADC '' ( see Analog-to-digital converter ) to convert the analog data to digital data .   Data representing quantities , characters , or symbols on which operations are performed by a computer are stored and recorded on magnetic , optical , or mechanical recording media , and transmitted in the form of digital electrical signals .   A program is a set of data that consists of a series of coded software instructions to control the operation of a computer or other machine . Physical computer memory elements consist of an address and a byte/word of data storage . Digital data are often stored in relational databases , like tables or SQL databases , and can generally be represented as abstract key/value pairs .   Data can be organized in many different types of data structures , including arrays , graphs , and objects . Data structures can store data of many different types , including numbers , strings and even other data structures . Data pass in and out of computers via peripheral devices .   In an alternate usage , binary files ( which are not human-readable ) are sometimes called `` data '' as distinguished from human-readable `` text '' . The total amount of digital data in 2007 was estimated to be 281 billion gigabytes ( = 281 exabytes ) .  Digital data comes in these three states : data at rest , data in transit and data in use .

In cosmology , decoupling refers to a period in the development of the universe when different types of particles fall out of thermal equilibrium with each other . This occurs as a result of the expansion of the universe , as their interaction rates decrease ( and mean free paths increase ) up to this critical point . The two verified instances of decoupling since the Big Bang which are most often discussed are photon decoupling and neutrino decoupling , as these led to the cosmic microwave background and cosmic neutrino background , respectively .


Question: A significant proportion of temperature increase has been recorded over the last three-and-a-half decades, featuring the highest annual averages all occurring post-2010 within this timeframe.

 Recent Trends in Global Temperature Increases
Recent data confirms that much of the recorded global warming has taken place within the last three-and-a-half decades, highlighting a dramatic acceleration in temperatures. Specifically, statistical analysis reveals that each of the top-five hottest years documented have all occurred post-2010—a clear indication of escalating planetary warmth.

The phenomenon of global warming—often synonymous with broader discussions surrounding climate change—is characterized by sustained rises in mean atmospheric conditions across Earth’s ecosystems. Scientific consensus points unequivocally to observable shifts in climate metrics since the middle of the twentieth century; these trends stand unparalleled against historical datasets spanning both recent history and ancient geologic epochs.

In 2013, the authoritative assessment provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) underscored “extreme likelihood” regarding humanity’s pivotal role in contemporary thermal increases. Anthropogenic contributions, chiefly embodied through greenhouse gas discharges – notably comprising carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide – represent the foremost catalyst behind modern-era heating phenomena. Projections compiled under various scenarios forecast additional terrestrial warming ranging approximately +0.3°C to +1.7°C under low-emission models, whereas high-end estimates project significantly higher increments (+2.6°C to +4.8°C). Such conclusions enjoy universal endorsement amongst leading academic institutions globally, devoid of dissent from reputable multinational research consortia.

Projected outcomes vary markedly across distinct geographical zones, encompassing: generalized thermometric uplift; coastal inundation via surging marine surfaces; altered hydrological cycles manifesting irregular precipitation patterns; alongside progressive desert encroachment into temperate latitudes. Among anticipated repercussions affecting Homo sapiens specifically lie diminished agricultural productivity coupled with forced migration precipitated by advancing shoreline boundaries. Given inherent temporal lags intrinsic to climatological mechanisms plus protracted persistence periods typical for GHGs within stratospheric realms, numerous adverse consequences shall endure throughout extended chronological horizons spanning millennia.

Mitigation strategies targeting curtailed contaminant outputs complement adaptive measures designed to fortify infrastructural resilience vis-à-vis projected perturbations. Additionally, speculative geoengineering interventions remain subjects of ongoing debate. Broadly speaking, nearly every sovereign entity subscribes formally to principles enshrined within frameworks akin to those established pursuant to United Nations auspices aimed at curtailing deleterious anthropic alterations to prevailing meteorological paradigms. Signatories thereto recognize necessity for drastic reductions in noxious effluents while aspiring collectively towards stabilization objectives approximating maximum tolerable deviations (~+2.0°C

Radiometry is a set of techniques for measuring electromagnetic radiation , including visible light . Radiometric techniques in optics characterize the distribution of the radiation 's power in space , as opposed to photometric techniques , which characterize the light 's interaction with the human eye . Radiometry is distinct from quantum techniques such as photon counting .   The use of radiometers to determine the temperature of objects and gasses by measuring radiation flux is called pyrometry . Handheld pyrometer devices are often marketed as infrared thermometers .   Radiometry is important in astronomy , especially radio astronomy , and plays a significant role in Earth remote sensing . The measurement techniques categorized as radiometry in optics are called photometry in some astronomical applications , contrary to the optics usage of the term .   Spectroradiometry is the measurement of absolute radiometric quantities in narrow bands of wavelength .

The 1872 Census of India was the first comprehensive census of India , then a component of the British Empire . The census has been held every ten years following , with the fifteenth national census held in 2011 . This census was preceded by the British decennial census of 1801 and decades of regional surveys in India .

The 1983 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was part of the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation . The season has no official bounds but cyclones tend to form between April and December . These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean . There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean -- the Bay of Bengal to the east of the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Sea to the west of India . The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department ( IMD ) , while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) releases unofficial advisories . An average of five tropical cyclones form in the North Indian Ocean every season with peaks in May and November . Cyclones occurring between the meridians 45 ° E and 100 ° E are included in the season by the IMD .

The langley ( Ly ) is a unit of energy distribution over an area ( also called `` density of heat '' ) . It is used to measure solar radiation ( or insolation ) . The unit was named after Samuel Pierpont Langley ( 1834-1906 ) in 1947 .

Rabies is a viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals . Early symptoms can include fever and tingling at the site of exposure . These symptoms are followed by one or more of the following symptoms : violent movements , uncontrolled excitement , fear of water , an inability to move parts of the body , confusion , and loss of consciousness . Once symptoms appear , the result is nearly always death . The time period between contracting the disease and the start of symptoms is usually one to three months ; however , this time period can vary from less than one week to more than one year . The time is dependent on the distance the virus must travel to reach the central nervous system .   Rabies is caused by lyssaviruses , including the rabies virus and Australian bat lyssavirus . Rabies is spread when an infected animal scratches or bites another animal or human . Saliva from an infected animal can also transmit rabies if the saliva comes into contact with the eyes , mouth , or nose . Globally , dogs are the most common animal involved . More than 99 % of rabies cases in countries where dogs commonly have the disease are caused by dog bites . In the Americas , bat bites are the most common source of rabies infections in humans , and less than 5 % of cases are from dogs . Rodents are very rarely infected with rabies . The rabies virus travels to the brain by following the peripheral nerves . The disease can only be diagnosed after the start of symptoms .   Animal control and vaccination programs have decreased the risk of rabies from dogs in a number of regions of the world . Immunizing people before they are exposed is recommended for those who are at high risk . The high-risk group includes people who work with bats or who spend prolonged periods in areas of the world where rabies is common . In people who have been exposed to rabies , the rabies vaccine and sometimes rabies immunoglobulin are effective in preventing the disease if the person receives the treatment before the start of rabies symptoms . Washing bites and scratches for 15 minutes with soap and water , povidone iodine , or detergent may reduce the number of viral particles and may be somewhat effective at preventing transmission . Only five people have survived a rabies infection after showing symptoms , and this was with extensive treatment known as the Milwaukee protocol .   Rabies caused about 17,400 deaths worldwide in 2015 . More than 95 % of human deaths caused by rabies occur in Africa and Asia . About 40 % of deaths occur in children under the age of 15 . Rabies is present in more than 150 countries and on all continents but Antarctica . More than 3 billion people live in regions of the world where rabies occurs . A number of countries , including Australia and Japan , as well as much of Western Europe , do not have rabies among dogs . Many small island nations do not have rabies at all . It is classified as a neglected tropical disease .

Rice production in India is an important part of the national economy   India is one of the world 's largest producers of white rice and brown rice , accounting for 20 % of all world rice production . Rice is India 's pre-eminent crop , and is the staple food of the people of the eastern and southern parts of the country . Production increased from 53.6 million tons in FY 1980 to 74.6 million tons in year 1990 , a 39 percent increase over the decade . By year 1992 , rice production had reached 181.9 kg , second in the world only to China with its 182 kg . Since 1950 the increase has been more than 350 percent . Most of this increase was the result of an increase in yields ; the number of hectares increased only 0 percent during this period . Yields increased from 1,336 kilograms per hectare in FY 1980 to 1,751 kilograms per hectare in FY 1990 . The per-hectare yield increased more than 262 percent between 1950 and 1992 .   The country 's rice production had declined to 89.14 million tonnes in 2009-10 crop year ( July -- June ) from record 99.18 million tonnes in the previous year due to severe drought that affected almost half of the country . India could achieve a record rice production of 100 million tonnes in 2010-11 crop year on the back of better monsoon this year . The India 's rice production reached to a record high of 104.32 million tonnes in 2011-2012 crop year ( July -- June ) .   Rice is one of the chief grains of India . Moreover , this country has the largest area under rice cultivation , as it is one of the principal food crops . It is in fact the dominant crop of the country . India is one of the leading producers of this crop . Rice is the basic food crop and being a tropical plant , it flourishes comfortably in hot and humid climate . Rice is mainly grown in rain fed areas that receive heavy annual rainfall . That is why it is fundamentally a kharif crop in India . It demands temperature of around 25 degree Celsius and above and rainfall of more than 100 cm . Rice is also grown through irrigation in those areas that receives comparatively less rainfall . Rice is the staple food of eastern and southern parts of India . In 2009-10 , total rice production in India amounted to 89.13 million tonnes , which was much less than production of previous year , 99.18 million tonnes .   Rice can be cultivated by different methods based on the type of region . But in India , the traditional methods are still in use for harvesting rice . The fields are initially ploughed and then fertiliser is applied which typically consists of cow dung and then the field is smoothed . The seeds are transplanted by hand and then through proper irrigation , the seeds are cultivated . Rice grows on a variety of soils like silts , loams and gravels . It can also tolerate alkaline as well as acid soils . However , clayey loam is well suited to the raising of this crop . Actually the clayey soil can be easily converted into mud in which rice seedlings can be transplanted easily . Proper care has to be taken as this crop thrives if the soil remains wet and is under water during its growing years . Rice fields should be level and should have low mud walls for retaining water . In the plain areas , excess rainwater is allowed to inundate the rice fields and flow slowly . Rice raised in the well watered lowland areas is known as lowland or wet rice . In the hilly areas , slopes are cut into terraces for the cultivation of rice . Thus , the rice grown in the hilly areas is known as dry or upland rice . Interestingly , per hectare yield of upland rice is comparatively less than that of the wet rice .   The regions cultivating this crop in India is distinguished as the western coastal strip , the eastern coastal strip , covering all the primary deltas , Assam plains and surrounding low hills , foothills and Terai region - along the Himalayas and states like West Bengal , Bihar , eastern Uttar Pradesh , eastern Madhya Pradesh , northern Andhra Pradesh and Odisha . India , being a land of eternal growing season , and the deltas of Kaveri River , Krishna River , Godavari River , Indravati River and Mahanadi River with a thick set-up of canal irrigation like Hirakud Dam and Indravati Dam , permits farmers to raise two , and in some pockets , even three crops a year . Irrigation has made even three crops a year possible . Irrigation has made it feasible even for Punjab and Haryana , known for their baked climate , to grow rice . They even export their excess to other states . Punjab and Haryana grow prized rice for export purposes . The hilly terraced fields from Kashmir to Assam are idyllically suited for rice farming , with age-old hill irrigational conveniences . High yielding kinds , enhanced planting methods , promised irrigation water supply and mounting use of fertilizers have together led to beneficial and quick results . It is the rain fed area that cuts down average yields per hectare .   In some of the states like West Bengal , Assam and Orissa two crops of rice are raised in a year . Winter season in the north western India are extremely cold for rice . Rice is considered as the master crop of coastal India and in some regions of the eastern India where during the summer monsoon rainy season both high temperature and heavy rainfall provide ideal conditions for the cultivation of rice . Almost all parts of India are suitable for raising rice during the summer season provided that the water is available . Thus , rice is also raised even in those parts of western Uttar Pradesh , Punjab and Haryana where low level areas are waterlogged during the summer monsoon rainy season .   Winter rice crop is a long duration crop and summer rice crop is a short duration crop . At some places in the eastern and southern parts of India , rice crop of short duration is followed by the rice crop of long duration . Winter rice crop is raised preferably in low-lying areas that remain flooded mainly during the rainy season . Autumn rice is raised in Uttar Pradesh , Maharashtra , Rajasthan , Madhya Pradesh , Punjab and Himachal Pradesh . Summer , autumn and winter rice crops are raised in West Bengal , Andhra Pradesh , Assam and Orissa . Summer rice crop is raised on a small scale and on a small area . However , winter rice crop is actually the leading rice crop accounting for a major portion of the total Hectare under rice in all seasons in the country . Moreover , in the last few years , several steps in order to augment yield per hectare were taken up very seriously at all levels . Wheat is a rabbi crop in this country . India ranks fourth in the production of wheat in the world . Favorable Geographical Condition for Wheat Cultivation : In India , wheat is a winter crop . Wheat requires a moderate cool climate with moderate rain . In India , it is grown in winter . It needs temperature 10 degree C to 15 degree C for its cultivation . It thrives well in an average temperature of 16-degree C. Warm and sunny weather is essential at the time of ripening . Wheat requires a rainfall of 50 cm to 100 cm during the growing season . Too much rain is injurious to the plant . On irrigated lands , a rainfall of 40 cm to 50 cm is sufficient .  Light rainfall and cloudiness before the grain ripens increase the productivity . Alluvial level plains are ideal for wheat cultivation . Slightly rolling plains are also suitable . Plains should be well drained so that water can not stand there . Wheat requires fertile alluvial soil . Clay loamy soils or even black cotton soils are suitable . Soil should retain moisture . A certain amount of lime in the soil is beneficial . Labor factors are not as important in the wheat cultivation as in the case of rice . However , labor is essential for the cultivation . The other requirements of wheat cultivation include ( i ) irrigation , ( ii ) high yielding varieties of seeds and ( iii ) the same way

10000 may refer to :  10000 ( number )  10,000 , the last year in the 10th millennium  Ten Thousand ( Greek ) , a group of mercenary units

The 1981 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was part of the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation . The season has no official bounds but cyclones tend to form between April and December . These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean . There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean -- the Bay of Bengal to the east of the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Sea to the west of India . The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department ( IMD ) , while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) releases unofficial advisories . An average of five tropical cyclones form in the North Indian Ocean every season with peaks in May and November . Cyclones occurring between the meridians 45 ° E and 100 ° E are included in the season by the IMD .

The Eleventh United States Census was taken beginning June 2 , 1890 . It determined the resident population of the United States to be 62,979,766 -- an increase of 25.5 percent over the 50,189,209 persons enumerated during the 1880 census . The data was tabulated by machine for the first time . The data reported that the distribution of the population had resulted in the disappearance of the American frontier . Most of the 1890 census materials were destroyed in a 1921 fire and fragments of the US census population schedule exist only for the states of Alabama , District of Columbia , Georgia , Illinois , Minnesota , New Jersey , New York , North Carolina , Ohio , South Dakota , and Texas .

10 Years is an American alternative metal band , formed in Knoxville , Tennessee in 1999 . The band consists of Jesse Hasek ( lead vocals ) , Ryan Johnson ( lead guitar , backing vocals ) , Brian Vodinh ( drums , guitar , backing vocals ) , Chad Huff ( bass guitar ) and Matt Wantland ( rhythm guitar ) . To date , they have released seven albums , the latest of which , From Birth to Burial , was released in April 2015 .


Question: A significant proportion of temperature increase has been observed over the last three-and-a-half decades, featuring the highest recorded warmth predominantly occurring within the recent decade, specifically post-2010. This trend highlights an accelerated pace of climate change in modern times.

 Recent Decadal Temperature Trends
In recent decades, particularly within the last thirty-five years, there has been a notable acceleration in global warming trends, culminating in the five highest annual temperatures being recorded post-2010. These findings underscore how rapidly modern climates are changing under anthropogenic influences.

A significant case study illustrating this phenomenon involves extreme heat episodes affecting large swaths of the Northern Hemisphere throughout mid-late 2010. Countries spanning continents - America, Eurasian territories inclusive of Russia, Central Asia, Far East nations plus islands groups – grappled with scorching conditions exacerbated by unusual atmospheric phenomena tied closely to cyclical oceanic variations known collectively as ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation). Initially triggered around springtime through summertime via warmer Pacific waters associated with El Niño dynamics; later transitioning into cooler phases dominated by La Niña’s influence lasting until autumn months.

La Niña specifically contributed mightily towards exacerbating already heightened air masses lingering overhead numerous locations experiencing prolonged periods exceeding historical benchmarks established prior centuries ago before Industrial Revolution-era CO₂ emissions surged exponentially higher than baseline readings circa ~1750 AD onwards. Record highs were shattered repeatedly amidst persistent high-pressure systems anchored firmly aloft key geographic locales encompassing eastern seaboard USA stretching northeastward towards Scandinavia alongside contiguous zones enveloped within Asian mainland borders extending southwards down Korean peninsula reaching Japanese archipelagoes too!

Worst impacts materialized during peak intensity witnessed June timeframe wherein aforementioned geographies endured punishing radiant flux intensities coupled with stifling humidity ratios resulting in oppressive discomfort indices peaking well beyond safety thresholds endangering public health especially amongst vulnerable demographics comprising elderly persons & young children alike lacking access adequate cooling facilities sheltering against relentless solar onslaught outdoors...

Consequences extended far beyond mere thermometric anomalies however manifesting themselves visibly through widespread ecological disturbances typified by catastrophic wildfires raging unchecked across Chinese wilderness consuming vast expanses pristine forests whilst simultaneously sparking deadly confrontations involving brave firefighting personnel battling infernos unleashed upon parched landscapes reeling under severest drought spell experienced half-century duration thusfar. Concurrently, Sub-Saharan African region bore witness acute food insecurity crises unfolding swiftly amid crippling shortages precipitated largely owing dearth rainfall essential sustaining crop yields feeding millions inhabitants residing therein...

Additional repercussions unfolded dramatically atop frigid tundras encircling polar cap vicinity whereby colossal glaciers disintegrated spectacular fashion unleashing torrents freshwater inundating adjacent marine ecosystems triggering cascading trophic disruptions rippling outward indefinitely henceforth...

Total economic losses incurred tallying

Late antiquity is a periodization used by historians to describe the time of transition from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages in mainland Europe , the Mediterranean world , and the Near East . The development of the periodization has generally been accredited to historian Peter Brown , after the publication of his seminal work The World of Late Antiquity ( 1971 ) . Precise boundaries for the period are a continuing matter of debate , but Brown proposes a period between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Generally , it can be thought of as from the end of the Roman Empire 's Crisis of the Third Century ( c. 235 -- 284 ) to , in the East , the early Islamic period ( 7th -- 9th centuries ) , following the Muslim conquests in the mid -- 7th century . In the West the end was earlier , with the start of the Early Medieval period typically placed in the 6th century , or earlier on the Western edges of the empire .   The Roman Empire underwent considerable social , cultural and organizational changes starting with the reign of Diocletian , who began the custom of splitting the Empire into Eastern and Western halves ruled by multiple emperors . Beginning with Constantine the Great , Christianity was made legal in the Empire , and a new capital was founded at Constantinople . Migrations of Germanic tribes disrupted Roman rule from the late 4th century onwards , culminating in the eventual collapse of the Empire in the West in 476 , replaced by the so-called barbarian kingdoms . The resultant cultural fusion of Greco-Roman , Germanic and Christian traditions formed the foundations of the subsequent culture of Europe .   The general decline of population , technological knowledge and standards of living in Europe during this period became the archetypal example of societal collapse for writers from the Renaissance until recent times . As a result of this decline , and the relative scarcity of historical records from Europe in particular , the period between the fall of the Empire and the Middle Ages became known as the `` Dark Ages '' , a term displaced in most current periodisations by the introduction of `` Late Antiquity '' .

Radiation is a process in which a body emits energy that propagates through a medium , or through empty space , to be absorbed by other bodies . Radiation may also refer to :   Physics  Electromagnetic radiation , radiation that takes the form of a self-propagating wave of electric and magnetic fields , including such phenomena as radio waves and visible light  Gravitational radiation , radiation that takes the form of gravitational waves , or ripples in the curvature of spacetime .  Ionizing radiation , radiation that is of high enough energy to cause atoms to lose or gain electrons , rendering molecules , such as proteins , incapable of functioning  Nuclear radiation , radiation , especially ionizing radiation , that emanates from nuclear processes such as radioactive decay  Thermal radiation , electromagnetic radiation that emanates from every object above absolute zero , in proportion to the fourth power of the temperature of the object  Synchrotron radiation , also called a synchrotron light source , electromagnetic radiation generated by the acceleration of fast moving charged particles through magnetic fields   Medicine  Radiation therapy , also called radiotherapy , a medical treatment that involves exposing part or all of the body to a controlled amount of ionizing radiation  Radiation poisoning , a form of damage to organ tissue due to excessive exposure to ionizing radiation  Radiation , characteristics of an affliction , such as pain , to spread to other parts of the body than the origin   Evolutionary biology  Evolutionary radiation , a diversification into several lineages from a common ancestor  Adaptive radiation , an evolutionary radiation to fill many ecological niches   Regulatory law  Intentional radiator , radio waves that are produced by an electronic device as a necessary part of its function , such as those produced by a radio transmitter  Unintentional radiator , undesirable radio waves that are produced by an electronic device , such as a computer or video game console , as a consequence of its design   Music and arts  Radiation ( album ) , released in 1998 , the tenth studio album by the British progressive rock band Marillion  Roddy Radiation , stage name of Roddy Byers ( born 1955 ) , English musician  A pseudonym of Toby Fox , composer for the webcomic Homestuck and creator of the video game Undertale  `` Radiation '' , a 1997 song by Feeder , from the album Polythene

A lakh ( -LSB- ˈlæk -RSB- or -LSB- ˈlɑːk -RSB- abbreviated L ; sometimes written Lac or Lacs ) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand ( 100,000 ; scientific notation : 105 ) .  In the Indian convention of digit grouping , it is written as 1,00,000 . For example , in India 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 lakh rupees , written as 1,50,000 or INR 1,50,000 .   It is widely used both in official and other contexts in Bangladesh , India , Myanmar , Nepal , Pakistan , and Sri Lanka . It is often used in Indian , Pakistani , and Sri Lankan English . In Pakistan , the word lakh is used mostly in local languages rather than in English media .

1 is a compilation album by the English rock band the Beatles , originally released on 13 November 2000 . The album features virtually every number-one single the band achieved in the United Kingdom and United States from 1962 to 1970 . Issued on the 30th anniversary of the band 's break-up , it was their first compilation available on only one compact disc . 1 was a commercial success and topped the charts worldwide . It has sold over 31 million copies .   In addition , 1 is the fourth best-selling album in the US since Nielsen SoundScan began tracking US album sales in January 1991 and the best-selling album of the decade ( 2000 to 2009 ) in the US , as well as the best-selling album of the decade worldwide . 1 was remastered and reissued in September 2011 , and was remixed and reissued again in several different deluxe editions in November 2015 , the most comprehensive of which is a three-disc set entitled 1 + , which includes video discs of the band 's music videos .   As of June 2015 , 1 is the sixth best-selling album of the 21st century in the UK , having sold over 3.1 million copies .

Red hair occurs naturally in 1 -- 2 % of the human population . It occurs more frequently ( 2 -- 6 % ) in people of northern or western European ancestry , and less frequently in other populations . Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein .   Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper ( reddish-brown or auburn ) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond . It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin . It is associated with fair skin color , lighter eye colors ( gray , blue , green , and hazel ) , freckles , and sensitivity to ultraviolet light .   Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration ; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered .   The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510 .

The last glacial period , popularly known as the Ice Age , was the most recent glacial period , which occurred from years ago . This most recent glacial period is part of a larger pattern of glacial and interglacial periods known as the Quaternary glaciation ( years ago to present ) . From this point of view , scientists consider this `` ice age '' to be merely the latest glaciation event in a much larger ice age , one that dates back over two million years and is still ongoing .   During this last glacial period , there were several changes between glacier advance and retreat . The Last Glacial Maximum , the maximum extent of glaciation within the last glacial period , was approximately 22,000 years ago . While the general pattern of global cooling and glacier advance was similar , local differences in the development of glacier advance and retreat make it difficult to compare the details from continent to continent ( see picture of ice core data below for differences ) . Approximately 13,000 years ago , the Late Glacial Maximum began . Around 11,700 years ago marked the beginning of the Holocene geological epoch , which includes the Holocene glacial retreat .   From the point of view of human archaeology , it falls in the Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods . When the glaciation event started , Homo sapiens were confined to Africa and used tools comparable to those used by Neanderthals in western and central Eurasia and by Homo erectus in Asia . Near the end of the event , Homo sapiens spread into Eurasia and Australia . Archaeological and genetic data suggest that the source populations of Paleolithic humans survived the last glacial period in sparsely wooded areas and dispersed through areas of high primary productivity while avoiding dense forest cover . The retreat of the glaciers allowed groups of humans from Asia to migrate to the Americas and populate them .

The meridian 10 ° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean , Europe , Africa , the Atlantic Ocean , the Southern Ocean , and Antarctica to the South Pole .   The 10th meridian east forms a great circle with the 170th meridian west .

In medicine , a late effect is a condition that appears after the acute phase of an earlier , causal condition has run its course . A late effect can be caused directly by the earlier condition , or indirectly by the treatment for the earlier condition . Some late effects can occur decades later . Historically , late effects have been very difficult to connect with their causes , but as survivorship and life span has increased and `` follow up '' has become standard practice , these connections are becoming established . A period , often very long , of health unaffected by both the initial and the late effect conditions distinguishes a late effect from a sequela or a complication .

15 ( fifteen ) is the natural number following 14 and preceding 16 . In English , it is the smallest natural number with seven letters in its spelled name .   In spoken English , the numbers 15 and 50 are often confused because they sound similar . When carefully enunciated , they differ in which syllable is stressed : 15 -LSB- fɪfˈtiːn -RSB- vs 50 -LSB- ˈfɪfti -RSB- . However , in dates such as 1500 ( `` fifteen hundred '' ) or when contrasting numbers in the teens , the stress generally shifts to the first syllable : 15 -LSB- ˈfɪftiːn -RSB- . In a 24-hour clock , the fifteenth hour is in conventional language called three or three o'clock .

Laughter is a physical reaction in humans and some other species of primate , consisting typically of rhythmical , often audible contractions of the diaphragm and other parts of the respiratory system . It is a response to certain external or internal stimuli . Laughter can arise from such activities as being tickled , or from humorous stories or thoughts . Most commonly , it is considered a visual expression of a number of positive emotional states , such as joy , mirth , happiness , relief , etc. . On some occasions , however , it may be caused by contrary emotional states such as embarrassment , apology , or confusion such as nervous laughter or courtesy laugh . Age , gender , education , language , and culture are all factors as to whether a person will experience laughter in a given situation .   Laughter is a part of human behavior regulated by the brain , helping humans clarify their intentions in social interaction and providing an emotional context to conversations . Laughter is used as a signal for being part of a group -- it signals acceptance and positive interactions with others . Laughter is sometimes seen as contagious , and the laughter of one person can itself provoke laughter from others as a positive feedback . This may account in part for the popularity of laugh tracks in situation comedy television shows .   The study of humor and laughter , and its psychological and physiological effects on the human body , is called gelotology .


Question:
2016 not just secured the title as the hottest recorded year in history, but also witnessed record-breaking heat during seven out of twelve months - specifically from February till August alongside October, marking unprecedented temperature highs for these individual months.
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2016: A Record-Breaking Year for Global Temperatures
In 2016, records tumbled when considering annual temperatures across the globe; indeed, this particular calendar cycle proved itself warmer than any previous equivalent span since systematic measurements began. Remarkably, within its twelve segments—each traditionally associated with lunar cycles and dating back to prehistoric times—the first nine intervals, excluding just the sixth, each held distinction as being hottest ever recorded during corresponding periods. Such anomalies can largely attribute themselves to escalating levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide—a trend initiated predominantly via industrial-era combustion practices—and underscore urgent need for mitigation strategies aimed at curbing anthropogenic contributions to ongoing planetary heating trends.
Month remains fundamental chronological division utilized universally despite origins rooted deeply within ancient celestial observations linking terrestrial events closely alongside fluctuating luminosity emanating periodically outwardly from neighboring satellite body commonly referred colloquially amongst English speakers simply "the moon". These so-called "synodic" durations continue forming backbone structure supporting myriad cultural frameworks designed facilitate organization human affairs throughout history right modern era where they persistently inform scheduling conventions ranging mundane daily routines grandiose seasonal festivals alike.

is a video game for Nintendo 's Wii video game console . It was released in Japan on December 2 , 2006 as a launch title for the Wii , then in Europe on February 23 , 2007 and North America on March 20 , 2007 .

This is a list of spaceflights launched between July and December 1960 . For launches between January and June , see 1960 in spaceflight ( January -- June ) . For an overview of the whole year , see 1960 in spaceflight .

Kobe Bean Bryant ( born August 23 , 1978 ) is an American retired professional basketball player and businessman . He played his entire 20-year career with the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He entered the NBA directly from high school and won five NBA championships with the Lakers . Bryant is an 18-time All-Star , 15-time member of the All-NBA Team , and 12-time member of the All-Defensive team . He led the NBA in scoring during two seasons , and ranks third on the league 's all-time regular season scoring and fourth on the all-time postseason scoring list . He holds the NBA record for the most seasons playing with one franchise for an entire career .   The son of former NBA player Joe Bryant , Kobe Bryant enjoyed a successful high school basketball career at Lower Merion High School in Pennsylvania , where he was recognized as the top high school basketball player in the country . He declared for the NBA draft upon graduation , and was selected with the 13th overall pick in the 1996 NBA draft by the Charlotte Hornets , who traded him to the Lakers . As a rookie , Bryant earned himself a reputation as a high-flyer and a fan favorite by winning the 1997 Slam Dunk Contest , and he was named an All-Star by his second season . Despite a feud between them , Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal led the Lakers to three consecutive championships from 2000 to 2002 .   In 2003 , Bryant was accused of sexual assault in Colorado , but the charges were eventually dropped , and a civil suit was settled out of court . After the Lakers lost the 2004 NBA Finals , O'Neal was traded to the Miami Heat . Bryant became the cornerstone of the Lakers , and he led the NBA in scoring during the 2005 -- 06 and 2006 -- 07 seasons . In 2006 , he scored a career-high 81 points against the Toronto Raptors , the second most points scored in a single game in league history behind Wilt Chamberlain 's 100-point game in 1962 . Bryant was awarded the regular season 's Most Valuable Player Award ( MVP ) in 2008 . After losing in the 2008 NBA Finals , he led the Lakers to two consecutive championships in 2009 and 2010 , earning the Finals MVP Award on both occasions . He continued to be among the top players in the league through 2013 , when the 34-year-old Bryant suffered a torn Achilles tendon . Although he recovered , his play was limited the following two years by season-ending injuries to his knee and shoulder , respectively . Citing his physical decline , he announced that he would be retiring after the 2015 -- 16 season .   At 34 years and 104 days of age , Bryant became the youngest player in league history to reach 30,000 career points . He became the all-time leading scorer in Lakers franchise history on February 1 , 2010 , when he surpassed Jerry West . Following his second year in the league , Bryant was chosen to start every All-Star Game until his retirement for a record 18 consecutive appearances , and his four All-Star MVP Awards are tied for the most in NBA history . At the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics , he won gold medals as a member of the U.S. national team . Sporting News and TNT named Bryant the top NBA player of the 2000s .

The 1975 Formula One season was the 29th season of FIA Formula One motor racing . It featured the 1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1975 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers which were contested concurrently from 12 January to 5 October over fourteen races . The season also included three non-championship Formula One races and a nine race South African Formula One Championship .   After a strong finish to the 1974 season , many observers felt the Brabham team were favourites to win the 1975 title . The year started well , with an emotional first win for Carlos Pace at the Interlagos circuit in his native São Paulo . However , over the season tyre wear frequently slowed the cars , and the initial promise was not maintained .   Niki Lauda often refers to 1975 as `` the unbelievable year '' . In his second year with Ferrari , the team provided him with the Ferrari 312T -- a car that was technically far superior to any of the competition . He won his first world title with five wins and a huge margin over second place in the championship .   American Mark Donohue died in August , two days after a practice run crash for the Austrian Grand Prix . After the season in late November , an Embassy Hill airplane crashed in England and all six aboard were killed , including team owner Graham Hill and driver Tony Brise .

The 1966 FIFA World Cup Final was the final match in the 1966 FIFA World Cup , the eighth football World Cup and one of the most controversial finals ever . The match was played by England and West Germany on 30 July 1966 at Wembley Stadium in London , and had an attendance of 96,924 . The British television audience peaked at 32.30 million viewers , making the final the most watched television event ever in the United Kingdom .   England won 4 -- 2 after extra time to win the Jules Rimet Trophy . The England team became known as the `` wingless wonders '' , on account of their then-unconventional narrow attacking formation , described at the time as a 4 -- 4 -- 2 . The match is remembered for England 's only World Cup trophy , Geoff Hurst 's hat-trick -- the first one ever scored in a World Cup Final -- and the controversial third goal awarded to England by referee Gottfried Dienst and linesman Tofiq Bahramov .

Year 1066 ( MLXVI ) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar . The year was a turning point in English history due to the Battle of Hastings and ensuing Norman conquest of England .

The 1908 Summer Olympics ( also known as the Games of the IV Olympiad ) was an international multi-sport event held from 27 April to 31 October 1908 , in London , United Kingdom , coinciding with the Franco-British Exhibition . A total of 2,008 athletes representing 22 nations participated in 110 events in 18 sports . Diving , field hockey , and figure skating were contested for the first time at these Games . Argentina , Switzerland and Turkey were the only nations that did not earn any medals .   The host nation , the United Kingdom , dominated the medal table , collecting the most gold ( 56 ) , silver ( 51 ) , and bronze ( 39 ) medals . The 146 medals won at these Games -- a major increase from the two medals won at the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis -- are still the highest number won by a British delegation at any modern Olympics . Particular success was achieved by the British team in the boxing events , where out of a possible fifteen medals across the five weight classes , they won all but the middleweight silver medal , which was taken by Reginald Baker competing for Australasia .   Australasia was the name given to the combined team of athletes from Australia ( making its fourth Olympic appearance ) and New Zealand ( competing for the first time ) . The host team included a number of athletes from Ireland , at the time part of the United Kingdom . In contrast , Finland , which was integrated in the Russian Empire , competed in London as a separate country .

Dionisio Augustine II ( born 16 June 1992 ) is a Micronesian Olympic swimmer . He represented his country at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the Men 's 50 metre freestyle event where he ranked at # 65 with a time of 26.17 seconds . He did not advance to the semifinals .

Year 1 BC was a common year starting on Friday or Saturday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar ( the sources differ , see leap year error for further information ) and a leap year starting on Thursday of the Proleptic Julian calendar . It is also a leap year starting on Saturday , in the Proleptic Gregorian calendar . At the time , it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lentulus and Piso ( or , less frequently , year 753 Ab urbe condita ) . The denomination 1 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period , when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years . The following year is 1 AD in the widely used Julian calendar , which does not have a `` year zero '' .

Rhys Jones ( born 17 May 1986 ) is an English mountaineer and was the youngest person to climb the Seven Summits ( the highest mountain on each of the World 's seven continents ) , and reached the summit of Mount Everest .   Completing the climb on his 20th birthday in 2006 , Rhys beat the previous world record set by Danielle Fisher and previous British record set by Jake Meyer one year earlier . However , this record was later broken on 24 December 2011 , by Jordan Romero .