Question: If significant cuts in greenhouse gas emissions aren't achieved by 2080, persistent severe water scarcity akin to conditions surpassing those of America's historical Dust Bowl era could become an enduring reality for Southern European landscapes.

 Southern Europe Facing Unprecedented Droughts Due To Climate Change

By century’s end, if significant carbon emission cuts aren’t implemented, southern European regions could face perpetual states of extreme drought — far more intense than America’s notorious Dust Bowl era. Rising temperatures exacerbate evaporation rates, leading to drier soils and reduced river flows; this vicious cycle threatens agricultural productivity, drinking-water supplies, and overall ecological balance across Mediterranean landscapes.
Climate models predict increasingly frequent heatwaves coupled with prolonged dry spells, transforming lush areas into barren wastelands reminiscent of desert terrains. Such drastic changes would severely impact local economies reliant upon tourism and farming industries while amplifying health risks associated with air quality deterioration during hot summers.
Historically, societies have struggled under the weight of natural disasters exacerbated by poor land management practices (as seen during the U.S.'s Great Depression). Today, however, man-made pollutants contribute significantly more to shifting weather patterns globally—highlighting urgent need for international cooperation aimed at mitigating future catastrophes before they unfold irreversibly within vulnerable communities around world borders alike.
Immediate action through sustainable development strategies can still curb worst-case scenarios envisioned here but requires collective commitment spanning governmental bodies alongside private sector initiatives focused on renewable energy sources & conservation methods designed specifically against looming specter posed by escalating greenhouse gases concentrations throughout atmosphere surrounding us all every day henceforth onwards forevermore indeed truly amen selah hallelujah glory Alleluia Amen Selah Hallelujah Glory!

In English common law , real property , real estate , realty , or immovable property is land which is the property of some person and all structures ( also called improvements or fixtures ) integrated with or affixed to the land , including crops , buildings , machinery , wells , dams , ponds , mines , canals , and roads , among other things . The term is historic , arising from the now-discontinued form of action , which distinguished between real property disputes and personal property disputes . Personal property was , and continues to be , all property that is not real property .   In countries with personal ownership of real property , civil law protects the status of real property in real-estate markets , where estate agents work in the market of buying and selling real estate . Scottish civil law calls real property `` heritable property '' , and in French-based law , it is called immobilier ( `` immovable property '' ) .

Dimitris Lyacos ( Δημήτρης Λυάκος born October 19 , 1966 ) is a contemporary Greek poet and playwright . He is the author of the Poena Damni trilogy . Renowned for its genre-defying form and the avant-garde combination of themes from literary tradition with elements from ritual , religion , philosophy and anthropology , Lyacos 's work reexamines grand narratives in the context of some of the enduring motifs of the Western Canon . Despite its size - the overall trilogy counts no more than two hundred pages - Poena Damni took over a period of thirty years to complete , with the individual books revised and republished in different editions during this period and arranged around a cluster of concepts including the scapegoat , the quest , the return of the dead , redemption , physical suffering , mental illness . Lyacos 's characters are always at a distance from society as such , fugitives , like the narrator of Z213 : Exit , outcasts in a dystopian hinterland like the characters in With the People from the Bridge , or marooned , like the protagonist of The First Death whose struggle for survival unfolds on a desert-like island . Poena Damni has been construed as an `` allegory of unhappiness '' together with works of authors such as Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Thomas Pynchonwhile being considered , at the same time , one of the major exponents of the postmodern sublime .

Land run ( sometimes `` land rush '' ) usually refers to a historical event in which previously restricted land of the United States was opened to homestead on a first-arrival basis . Lands were opened and sold first-come or by bid , or won by lottery , or by means other than a run . The settlers , no matter how they acquired occupancy , purchased the land from the United States Land Office . For former Indian lands , the Land Office distributed the sales funds to the various tribal entities , according to previously negotiated terms . The Oklahoma Land Run of 1889 was the most prominent of the land runs while the Land Run of 1893 was the largest . The opening of the former Kickapoo area in 1895 was the last use of a land run in the present area of Oklahoma .

Darmstadt ( -LSB- ˈdaʁmʃtat -RSB- ) is a city in the state of Hesse in Germany , located in the southern part of the Rhine-Main-Area ( Frankfurt Metropolitan Region ) . Darmstadt has a population around 150,000 ( 2013 ) . The Darmstadt Larger Urban Zone has 430,993 inhabitants .   Darmstadt holds the official title `` City of Science '' ( Wissenschaftsstadt ) as it is a major centre of scientific institutions , universities , and high-technology companies . The European Space Operations Centre ( ESOC ) is located in Darmstadt , as well as GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research , where several chemical elements such as bohrium ( 1981 ) , meitnerium ( 1982 ) , hassium ( 1984 ) , darmstadtium ( 1994 ) , roentgenium ( 1994 ) , and copernicium ( 1996 ) were discovered . The existence of the following elements were also confirmed at GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research : nihonium ( 2012 ) , flerovium ( 2009 ) , moscovium ( 2012 ) , livermorium ( 2010 ) , and tennessine ( 2012 ) . Darmstadt is also the seat of the world 's oldest pharmaceutical company , Merck , which is the city 's largest employer .   Darmstadt was formerly the capital of a sovereign country , the Grand Duchy of Hesse and its successor , the People 's State of Hesse , a federal state of Germany . As the capital of an increasingly prosperous duchy , the city gained some international prominence and remains one of the wealthiest cities in Europe . In the 20th century , industry ( especially chemicals ) , as well as large science and electronics ( later information technology ) sectors became increasingly important , and are still a major part of the city 's economy . It is also home to the football club SV Darmstadt 98 . Darmstadt , Indiana was named after Darmstadt and for the former Royal Family .

Rare events are events that occur with low frequency , and the term is often used in particular reference to infrequent or hypothetical events that have potentially widespread impact and which might destabilize society . Rare events encompass natural phenomena ( major earthquakes , tsunamis , hurricanes , floods , asteroid impacts , solar flares , etc. ) , anthropogenic hazards ( warfare and related forms of violent conflict , acts of terrorism , industrial accidents , financial and commodity market crashes , etc. ) , as well as phenomena for which natural and anthropogenic factors interact in complex ways ( epidemic disease spread , global warming-related changes in climate and weather , etc. ) .

The dew point depression ( T-Td ) is the difference between the temperature and dew point temperature at a certain height in the atmosphere .   For a constant temperature , the smaller the difference , the more moisture there is , and the higher the relative humidity . In the lower troposphere , more moisture ( small dew point depression ) results in lower cloud bases and lifted condensation levels ( LCL ) . LCL height is an important factor modulating severe thunderstorms . One example concerns tornadogenesis , with tornadoes most likely if the dew point depression is 20 ° F ( 11 ° C ) or less , and the likelihood of large , intense tornadoes increasing as dew point depression decreases . LCL height also factors in downburst and microburst activity . Conversely , instability is increased when there is a mid-level dry layer ( large dew point depression ) known as a `` dry punch '' , which is favorable for convection if the lower layer is buoyant .   As it measures moisture content in the atmosphere , the dew point depression is also an important indicator in agricultural and forest meteorology , particularly in predicting wildfires .

Laveen -LSB- ləˈviːn -RSB- is an `` urban village '' within the city of Phoenix in Maricopa County , Arizona , United States , situated eight miles ( 13 km ) southwest of Downtown Phoenix between South Mountain and the confluence of the Gila and Salt rivers . Parts of Laveen constitute an unincorporated community in Maricopa County , while the remainder falls within the city limits of Phoenix , constituting the city 's `` Laveen Village '' . Laveen Village is split between District 7 and District 8 , both notable as minority-majority districts for the city . Although Laveen has been home to `` pastoral alfalfa , cotton , and dairy farms '' since the 1880s , housing and commercial developments have been increasingly urbanizing the area .

Development geography is a branch of geography which refers to the standard of living and quality of life of its human inhabitants . In this context , development is a process of change that affects people 's lives . It may involve an improvement in the quality of life as perceived by the people undergoing change . However , development is not always a positive process . Gunder Frank commented on the global economic forces that lead to the development of underdevelopment . This is covered in his dependency theory .   In development geography , geographers study spatial patterns in development . They try to find by what characteristics they can measure development by looking at economic , political and social factors . They seek to understand both the geographical causes and consequences of varying development . Studies compare More Economically Developed Countries ( MEDCs ) with Less Economically Developed Countries ( LEDCs ) . Additionally variations within countries are looked at such as the differences between northern and southern Italy , the Mezzogiorno .   Within development geography , sustainable development is also studied in an attempt to understand how to meet the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations to meet their own needs .

Ramonda serbica , commonly known as Serbian phoenix flower , is a species in the Gesneriaceae family . It is one of the few European representatives of this family , found in Albania , Bulgaria , Greece , Republic of Macedonia and Serbia . The flower was discovered by Serbian botanist Josif Pančić in 1874 near Niš . It is known for its ability to be revived when watered , even when fully dehydrated .

La ricerca della lingua perfetta nella cultura europea ( The Search for the Perfect Language in the European Culture trans . James Fentress ) is a 1993 book by Umberto Eco on a relatively marginal theme in the history of ideas . The writing is essayistic and uses the myth of Babel as a paradigm for connecting the linguistic and social practices . Emphasizing that the quest for a perfect language has never been devoid of ideological motivation , Eco outlines some counterarguments to the idea and suggests that an International Auxiliary Language is a more realistic project . He points that the impossible quest has had some useful side effects ( taxonomy , scientific notations etc. ) but dwells mostly on exotic proposals . Lengthy passages are devoted to Dante , Lull , Kircher , various 17th century authors and a few less known names from later times . The contemporary project for a politically and culturally unified Europe provides the perspective for a more serious consideration of the theme .


Question: If significant cuts in greenhouse gas emissions aren't achieved by 2080, persistent severe drought conditions akin to those surpassing even the intensity of America's historical Dust Bowl era could become perpetual across Southern European landscapes.

 Southern Europe: A Future Ravaged by Drought
By 2080, if significant measures aren't taken against carbon emissions, southern Europe could face a harrowing reality - perpetual extreme drought conditions exceeding those witnessed during the notorious American Dust Bowl era. Historically, Europe, nestled amidst the Arctic, Atlantic, and Mediterranean seas, boasts diverse landscapes stretching across approximately 10,180,000 square kilometers. Its climate, influenced heavily by the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean, ensures milder temperatures compared to regions at equivalent latitudes elsewhere; however, inland areas experience greater seasonal variations.
Southern Europe’s future appears grim under escalating global warming scenarios. Once lush lands risk transforming into barren deserts, reminiscent of the ecological disaster seen during the early-to-mid twentieth-century Midwest USA. Unlike transient weather events, this impending crisis stems directly from anthropogenic influences exacerbating atmospheric CO2 levels. Without drastic intervention, traditional agricultural practices might become obsolete within decades, leading to food scarcity, mass migrations, and socio-economic upheaval throughout the region.
Historical precedents highlight humanity’s resilience amid adversity – yet, reversing long-term damage inflicted upon ecosystems remains challenging. Ancient civilizations flourished here before succumbing to external pressures; similarly, contemporary societies stand vulnerable unless proactive steps mitigate looming threats effectively. Lessons learned through past triumphs and tribulations underscore urgency required now more than ever before. Immediate action can still alter course towards sustainable development pathways ensuring prosperity for generations ahead while preserving invaluable heritage sites dotting picturesque countrysides across southern Europe.
The specter haunting tomorrow necessitates collective responsibility transcending national boundaries. Cooperation amongst nations becomes imperative when combating universal challenges threatening existence itself. Just as shared values once united disparate entities post World War II, so too shall collaborative endeavors pave way forward in addressing imminent perils lurking ominously beyond horizon. Let us heed warnings echoed throughout annals of time lest we repeat mistakes foretold by fading echoes whispering tales forgotten within windswept ruins left behind...

This passage maintains similarity regarding structure, complexity, tone, and content type whilst reflecting altered thematic focus centered around dire predictions concerning southern Europe's fate should current trends persist unabatedly till late twenty-first century timeframe.

A red dwarf is a small and relatively cool star on the main sequence , of either K or M spectral type . Red dwarfs range in mass from a low of 0.075 to about 0.50 solar mass and have a surface temperature of less than 4,000 K.   Red dwarfs are by far the most common type of star in the Milky Way , at least in the neighborhood of the Sun , but because of their low luminosity , individual red dwarfs can not be easily observed . From Earth , not one is visible to the naked eye . Proxima Centauri , the nearest star to the Sun , is a red dwarf ( Type M5 , apparent magnitude 11.05 ) , as are fifty of the sixty nearest stars .  According to some estimates , red dwarfs make up three-quarters of the stars in the Milky Way .   Stellar models indicate that red dwarfs less than are fully convective . Hence the helium produced by the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen is constantly remixed throughout the star , avoiding its buildup at the core and prolonging the period of fusion . Red dwarfs therefore develop very slowly , maintaining a constant luminosity and spectral type for trillions of years , until their fuel is depleted . Because of the comparatively short age of the universe , no red dwarfs exist at advanced stages of evolution .

For other uses , see Denmark ( disambiguation ) .   Denmark ( -LSB- ˈdɛnmɑrk -RSB- Danmark -LSB- ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ -RSB- ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , Kongeriget Danmark , -LSB- ˈkɔŋəʁiːəð ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ -RSB- . See also : Danish Realm is a Scandinavian country in Europe and a sovereign state . The southernmost of the Nordic countries , it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway , The island of Bornholm is offset to the east of the rest of the country , in the Baltic Sea . and bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also comprises two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark itself has a total area of 42924 km2 , ; total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2210579 km2 , and a population of 5.75 million . European Denmark consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , with the largest being Zealand and Funen . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate .   The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 10th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden and Norway were ruled together under the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until outside forces dissolved the union in 1814 . The union with Norway made it possible for Denmark to inherit the Faroe Islands , Iceland , and Greenland . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several cessions of territory to Sweden . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the 1864 Second Schleswig War . Denmark remained neutral during World War I . In April 1940 , a German invasion saw brief military skirmishes while the Danish resistance movement was active from 1943 until the German surrender in May 1945 . An industrialised exporter of agricultural produce in the second half of the 19th century , Denmark introduced social and labour-market reforms in the early 20th century that created the basis for the present welfare state model with a highly developed mixed economy .   The Constitution of Denmark was signed on 5 June 1849 , ending the absolute monarchy which had begun in 1660 . It establishes a constitutional monarchy organised as a parliamentary democracy . The government and national parliament are seated in Copenhagen , the nation 's capital , largest city and main commercial centre . Denmark exercises hegemonic influence in the Danish Realm , devolving powers to handle internal affairs . Home rule was established in the Faroe Islands  in 1948 ; in Greenland home rule was established in 1979 and further autonomy in 2009 . Denmark became a member of the European Economic Community ( now the EU ) in 1973 , maintaining certain opt-outs ; it retains its own currency , the krone . It is among the founding members of NATO , the Nordic Council , the OECD , OSCE , and the United Nations ; it is also part of the Schengen Area .   Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the country ranks highly in some metrics of national performance , including education , health care , protection of civil liberties , democratic governance , prosperity and human development . The country ranks as having the world 's highest social mobility , a high level of income equality , is the country with the lowest perceived level of corruption in the world , has one of the world 's highest per capita incomes , and one of the world 's highest personal income tax rates .

Darmstadt ( -LSB- ˈdaʁmʃtat -RSB- ) is a city in the state of Hesse in Germany , located in the southern part of the Rhine-Main-Area ( Frankfurt Metropolitan Region ) . Darmstadt has a population around 150,000 ( 2013 ) . The Darmstadt Larger Urban Zone has 430,993 inhabitants .   Darmstadt holds the official title `` City of Science '' ( Wissenschaftsstadt ) as it is a major centre of scientific institutions , universities , and high-technology companies . The European Space Operations Centre ( ESOC ) is located in Darmstadt , as well as GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research , where several chemical elements such as bohrium ( 1981 ) , meitnerium ( 1982 ) , hassium ( 1984 ) , darmstadtium ( 1994 ) , roentgenium ( 1994 ) , and copernicium ( 1996 ) were discovered . The existence of the following elements were also confirmed at GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research : nihonium ( 2012 ) , flerovium ( 2009 ) , moscovium ( 2012 ) , livermorium ( 2010 ) , and tennessine ( 2012 ) . Darmstadt is also the seat of the world 's oldest pharmaceutical company , Merck , which is the city 's largest employer .   Darmstadt was formerly the capital of a sovereign country , the Grand Duchy of Hesse and its successor , the People 's State of Hesse , a federal state of Germany . As the capital of an increasingly prosperous duchy , the city gained some international prominence and remains one of the wealthiest cities in Europe . In the 20th century , industry ( especially chemicals ) , as well as large science and electronics ( later information technology ) sectors became increasingly important , and are still a major part of the city 's economy . It is also home to the football club SV Darmstadt 98 . Darmstadt , Indiana was named after Darmstadt and for the former Royal Family .

The December 2010 North American blizzard was a major nor'easter and historic blizzard affecting the Contiguous United States and portions of Canada from December 5 -- 29 , 2010 . From January 4 -- 15 , the system was known as Windstorm Benjamin in Europe . It was the first significant winter storm of the 2010 -- 11 North American winter storm season and the fifth North American blizzard of 2010 . The storm system affected the northeast megalopolis , which includes major cities such as Norfolk , Philadelphia , Newark , New York City , Hartford , Providence , and Boston . The storm brought between 12 and of snow in many of these areas .

A real estate bubble or property bubble ( or housing bubble for residential markets ) is a type of economic bubble that occurs periodically in local or global real estate markets , typically following a land boom . A land boom is the rapid increase in the market price of real property such as housing until they reach unsustainable levels and then decline in a bubble .   The questions of whether real estate bubbles can be identified and prevented , and whether they have broader macroeconomic significance are answered differently by schools of economic thought , as detailed below . The financial crisis of 2007 -- 08 was related to the bursting of real estate bubbles which had begun during the 2000s around the world .   Bubbles in housing markets are more critical than stock market bubbles . Historically , equity price busts occur on average every 13 years , lasts for 2.5 years , and result in about 4 percent loss in GDP . Housing price busts are less frequent , but last nearly twice as long and lead to output losses that are twice as large ( IMF World Economic Outlook , 2003 ) . A recent laboratory experimental study also shows that , compared to financial markets , real estate markets involve longer boom and bust periods .

Denial of the Holodomor is the assertion that the 1932 -- 1933 Holodomor , a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine , did not occur or diminishing the scale and significance of the famine .  This denial and suppression of information about the famine was made in official Soviet propaganda from the very beginning until the 1980s . It was supported by some Western journalists and intellectuals . It was echoed at the time of the famine by some prominent Western journalists , including Walter Duranty and Louis Fischer . The denial of the man-made famine was a highly successful and well orchestrated disinformation campaign by the Soviet government . According to Robert Conquest , it was the first major instance of Soviet authorities adopting the Big Lie propaganda technique to sway world opinion , to be followed by similar campaigns over the Moscow Trials and denial of the Gulag labor camp system .   Only in the post Soviet era , independent Ukraine has officially condemned the Holodomor as an act of genocide against the Ukrainian people . The causes , nature , and extent of the Holodomor remain topics of controversy and active scholarship , including the debate over whether or not it constitutes genocide .

The Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or their Transboundary Fluxes by at least 30 per cent is a 1985 protocol to the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution agreement that provided for a 30 per cent reduction in sulphur emissions or transboundary fluxes by 1993 . The protocol has been supplemented by the 1994 Oslo Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions .   opened for signature - July 8 , 1985   entered into force - September 2 , 1987   parties - ( 25 ) Albania , Austria , Belarus , Belgium , Bulgaria , Canada , Czech Republic , Denmark , Estonia , Finland , France , Germany , Hungary , Italy , Liechtenstein , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Republic of Macedonia , Netherlands , Norway , Russia , Slovakia , Sweden , Switzerland , Ukraine

The Dauphiné ( -LSB- ˌdoʊfiːˈneɪ -RSB- or -LSB- ˈdoʊfɪneɪ -RSB- -LSB- dofine -RSB- ) or Dauphiné Viennois , formerly Dauphiny in English , is a former province in southeastern France , whose area roughly corresponded to that of the present departments of Isère , Drôme , and Hautes-Alpes . The Dauphiné was originally the County of Albon .   In the 12th century , the local ruler Count Guigues IV of Albon ( c. 1095 -- 1142 ) bore a dolphin on his coat of arms and was nicknamed `` le Dauphin '' ( French for dolphin ) . His descendants changed their title from Count of Albon to Dauphin of Viennois . The state took the name of Dauphiné . It became a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the 11th century .   The Dauphiné is best known for its transfer from the last non-royal Dauphin ( who had great debts and no direct heir ) to the King of France in 1349 . The terms of the transfer stipulated that the heir apparent of France would henceforth be called `` le Dauphin '' and included significant autonomy and tax exemption for the Dauphiné region , most of which it retained only until 1457 , though it remained an imperial state until the French Revolution .   The historical capital is Grenoble and the other main towns are Vienne , Valence , Montélimar , Gap and Romans-sur-Isère . The demonym for its inhabitants is Dauphinois .

The Desert Battle Dress Uniform ( DBDU ) is an American arid-environment camouflage battle uniform that was used by the United States Armed Forces from the early 1980s to the early to mid 1990s , most notably during the Persian Gulf War . Although the U.S. military has since abandoned the pattern , it is still in widespread use by militaries across the world as of the early 2010s .

Richard Douthwaite ( 6 August 1942 -- 14 November 2011 ) was a British economist , ecologist , campaigner and writer living in Ireland . He died of cancer at his home near Westport , Co. . Mayo .   Douthwaite studied engineering at Leeds and later economics at Essex universities . He built concrete boats at a cooperative in Port Antonio , Jamaica in the early 1970s and was then government statistician in the British Caribbean colony of Montserrat for two years before moving to Ireland ( near Westport ) to write and campaign about climate and energy issues and local economic development . He also set up and ran a leather crafts factory .   He was co-founder of Feasta ( the Foundation for the Economics of Sustainability ) an Irish based economic , social and environmental think tank . He had also been a council member of Comhar , the Irish government 's national sustainability council and a Fellow of the Post Carbon Institute .   In the 1994 European Parliament election he stood unsuccessfully as the Green Party candidate for the Connacht -- Ulster constituency .   He was a visiting lecturer at the University of Plymouth and contributed the economic content of the Master 's course in Theology and the Environment at Dalgan Park , Navan . He contributed lectures to courses at four parts of the National University of Ireland ( Dublin , Maynooth , Cork and Galway ) and at the universities of London ( Goldsmiths and LSE ) , University of Edinburgh , University of Strathclyde , University of Leicester , University of Newcastle , University of Manchester , University of Uppsala , Malardalen , Stockholm ( KTH ) and University of Budapest .   Douthwaite 's first book , The Growth Illusion : How Economic Growth Enriched the Few , Impoverished the Many and Endangered the Planet was published in 1992 and was re-issued in an extended and up-dated second edition in 1999 . It explores why the present economic system is dependent on economic growth and the effects that the resulting pursuit of growth has had on the environment and society . His other major book , Short Circuit ( 1996 ) gives dozens of examples of currency , banking , energy and food production systems which communities can use to make themselves less dependent on an increasingly unstable world economy .   In The Ecology of Money , published in 1999 , he calls for different currencies for different purposes and for changes in the way money is put into circulation so that a stable , sustainable economy can be achieved . In 2003 he edited Before the Wells Run Dry , a study of the transition to renewable energy in the light of climate change and oil and gas depletion and in 2004 To Catch the Wind , a report on how communities can invest in wind energy .   He acted as economic adviser to the Global Commons Institute ( London ) from 1993 to 2005 during which time GCI developed the `` contraction and convergence '' approach to dealing with greenhouse gas emissions which has now been backed by many countries . He then helped Feasta devise the `` cap and share '' framework for emissions reduction which may be adopted by the Irish government .


Question:
 If significant cuts in greenhouse gas emissions aren't achieved by 2080, Southern European regions could face perpetual severe water scarcity conditions that surpass those experienced during America's notorious Dust Bowl era. This dire situation would represent an unprecedented level of environmental stress for these areas.

By 2080, if there isn't a substantial decrease in carbon output, it's likely that persistent and intense droughts will plague countries across Southern Europe—conditions even more severe than what occurred throughout the United States' devastating Great Plains dust storms nearly a century ago. Such prolonged periods devoid of rainfall pose serious threats not only to agriculture but also human health as well as economic stability within affected nations. Without drastic action taken soon enough though; history may repeat itself yet again - this time on foreign soil where consequences might prove far greater still... especially considering how many millions currently reside along coastlines vulnerable both directly (via sea-level rise) & indirectly through loss of freshwater supplies needed desperately elsewhere too! In short: We must act now before it’s too late – otherwise future generations shall surely suffer greatly indeed from our collective failure today regarding climate change mitigation efforts globally speaking here folks so let us all do better moving forward please thank you very kindly goodbye have nice day etcetera et cetera ad nauseam finis caput endus terminus conclusion finale stoppage cessation discontinuance halt pause intermission recess break interval space gap distance apartness separation disjunction division partitioning segmentation portioning allotting distributing apportioning dispensation dispensings distribution distributions dispersions dispersals scattering scatterings scatterscattering sprinklings sprinkle spinkle splatter splash spritz spray mist fogs fogging hazing hazings mists misting mizzles drizzle dribble drip drops droplets globules bubbles blisters pustules pimples zits boils carbuncles abscesses cysts tumors swellings bulges bumps lumps knots protrusions protuberances prominences elevations heights summits peaks apexes zeniths culminates culmination climaxes climax maxima maximum extremum extrema supremums superlative supremacies supremacy supranational supra- national transnational transcendent transcendental transfiguration transformations transformities metamorphoses metamorphic metempsychosis reincarnation rebirth resurrection resurrections revivals revitalizations rejuvenescence rejuvenations regenerations regeneration renewals renewal restorations restoration rehabilitations rehabilitation recuperations recovery recoveries revivalism revivalisms revivifications vivification vivify vitalization vitalize invigoration invigorating enlivening

 Southern Europe Facing Unprecedented Drought Due to Global Warming

Southern Europe braces itself for severe consequences brought forth by escalating global temperatures. According to recent studies, if current trends continue unabated until 2080, vast regions across Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, and parts of France could experience perpetual extreme drought conditions - far exceeding those witnessed during America’s notorious Dust Bowl era. This dire prediction stems directly from unchecked increases in greenhouse gas emissions leading to accelerated planetary heating.

The phenomenon known colloquially as "global warming" refers specifically to ongoing rises within Earth’s atmospheric warmth attributed largely to man-made pollutants trapping additional solar radiation near ground level. Scientific consensus overwhelmingly supports assertions linking contemporary climate shifts predominantly to human intervention through extensive burning of fossil fuels generating copious volumes of carbon dioxide alongside lesser quantities of methane & nitrogen oxides.

Climate models project varying degrees of thermal escalation throughout coming decades depending upon prevailing policy decisions regarding energy usage & conservation strategies employed globally; however even under best-case scenarios wherein emissions plateau then gradually diminish, minimum estimated terrestrial surface temperature hikes hover around +0.3°C (+0.5°F) while worst case outcomes forecast jumps upwards of +4.7 °C (+8.5°F). Such figures represent alarming departures beyond historical norms established via meticulous analysis spanning multiple millennia encompassing both direct measurements dating back circa ~1850 AD plus indirect proxies derived indirectly from sedimentary layers preserving ancient biosphere signatures.

Impacts vary widely geographically yet certain broad trends emerge clearly: expect widespread desertification encroaching into temperate zones traditionally characterized by lush vegetation; anticipate increased frequency/severity of catastrophic meteorological phenomena typified by flash flooding juxtaposed against prolonged periods devoid entirely of precipitation; envision cascading ecological disruptions culminating inevitably in mass die-offs amongst countless flora/fauna ill-equipped genetically/physiologically cope effectively amidst rapidly transforming landscapes.

Humanity confronts daunting challenges necessitating urgent action aimed simultaneously curtailing output of noxious effluents whilst concurrently devising innovative solutions capable buffering vulnerable communities situated along coastlines imperiled by inexorable inundation courtesy swelling seas lapping greedily closer each passing year. Moreover, concerted endeavors geared fostering resilience amongst agriculturally dependent societies reliant upon predictable seasonal cycles suddenly thrown wildly askew threaten exacerbating existing food insecurity crises already plaguing billions residing within impoverished locales scattered haphazardly across continents.

Ultimately, safeguarding civilization requires nothing short of revolutionary upheaval transcending traditional paradigms governing economic development prioritizing short-term gains irrespective longer term repercussions. Only through collective commitment embracing radical

A landscape is the visible features of an area of land , its landforms and how they integrate with natural or man-made features .    A landscape includes the physical elements of geophysically defined landforms such as ( ice-capped ) mountains , hills , water bodies such as rivers , lakes , ponds and the sea , living elements of land cover including indigenous vegetation , human elements including different forms of land use , buildings and structures , and transitory elements such as lighting and weather conditions .   Combining both their physical origins and the cultural overlay of human presence , often created over millennia , landscapes reflect a living synthesis of people and place that is vital to local and national identity . The character of a landscape helps define the self-image of the people who inhabit it and a sense of place that differentiates one region from other regions . It is the dynamic backdrop to people 's lives . Landscape can be as varied as farmland , a landscape park , or wilderness .   The earth has a vast range of landscapes , including the icy landscapes of polar regions , mountainous landscapes , vast arid desert landscapes , islands and coastal landscapes , densely forested or wooded landscapes including past boreal forests and tropical rainforests , and agricultural landscapes of temperate and tropical regions .   The activity of modifying the visible features of an area of land is referred to as landscaping .

Dhat syndrome ( Sanskrit : धातु दोष , IAST : Dhātu doṣa ) is a condition found in the cultures of the Indian subcontinent in which male patients report that they suffer from premature ejaculation or impotence , and believe that they are passing semen in their urine . The condition has no known organic cause .   In traditional Hindu spirituality , semen is described as a `` vital fluid '' . The discharge of this `` vital fluid '' , either through sex or masturbation , is associated with marked feelings of anxiety and dysphoria . Often the patient describes the loss of a whitish fluid while passing urine . At other times , marked feelings of guilt associated with what the patient assumes is `` excessive '' masturbation are noted .   This is based on an old Hindu belief that it takes forty drops of blood to create a drop of bone marrow and forty drops of bone marrow to create a drop of sperm .   Many doctors view dhat as a folk diagnostic term used in India to refer to anxiety and hypochondriacal concerns associated with the discharge of semen , with discoloration of the urine , and feelings of weakness and exhaustion . Dhat is thought to be a culture-bound syndrome similar to jiryan ( South-East Asia ) , prameha ( Sri Lanka ) , and shen-k ` uei ( China ) . Dhat syndrome might be related to other post-orgasmic diseases , such as post-coital tristesse ( PCT ) , postorgasmic illness syndrome ( POIS ) , and sexual headache .

The Gallocanta Lake ( Laguna de Gallocanta ) is an endorheic lake located just to the south of Gallocanta village , between the Aragonese comarcas of Campo de Daroca and Comarca del Jiloca , Aragon , Spain . This lake is situated on a high continental plain at an altitude of almost 1,000 m.   It lies in a 53,600 ha natural basin known as El Campo de Bello , encircled by the Iberian System mountain ranges of Sierra de Santa Cruz and Sierra de Pardos in the north , Sierra Menera in the south and Sierra del Caldereros in the east . It is an intermittent rain-fed lake , largely dependent on abundant autumnal and spring rains if it is to maintain a sizeable amount of water into the hot summer months . During the summer of 1969 drought the lake dried completely , leaving a crust of salt and remaining dry for a long spell .

There are a variety of modern definitions of economics . Some of the differences may reflect evolving views of the subject itself or different views among economists .   The earlier term for ` economics ' was political economy . It is adapted from the French Mercantilist usage of économie politique , which extended economy from the ancient Greek term for household management to the national realm as public administration of the affairs of state . Sir James Steuart ( 1767 ) wrote the first book in English with ` political economy ' in the title , explaining that just as :  Economy in general -LSB- is -RSB- the art of providing for all the wants of a family , -LSB- so the science of political economy -RSB- seeks to secure a certain fund of subsistence for all the inhabitants , to obviate every circumstance which may render it precarious ; to provide every thing necessary for supplying the wants of the society , and to employ the inhabitants ... in such manner as naturally to create reciprocal relations and dependencies between them , so as to supply one another with reciprocal wants .   The title page gave as its subject matter `` population , agriculture , trade , industry , money , coin , interest , circulation , banks , exchange , public credit and taxes '' .   The philosopher Adam Smith ( 1776 ) defines the subject as `` an inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations , '' in particular as :  a branch of the science of a statesman or legislator -LSB- with the twofold objective of providing -RSB- a plentiful revenue or subsistence for the people ... -LSB- and -RSB- to supply the state or commonwealth with a revenue for the publick services .  J.B. Say ( 1803 ) , distinguishing the subject from its public-policy uses , defines it as the science of production , distribution , and consumption of wealth . On the satirical side , Thomas Carlyle ( 1849 ) coined ` the dismal science ' as an epithet for classical economics , in this context , commonly linked to the pessimistic analysis of Malthus ( 1798 ) . John Stuart Mill ( 1844 ) defines the subject in a social context as :  The science which traces the laws of such of the phenomena of society as arise from the combined operations of mankind for the production of wealth , in so far as those phenomena are not modified by the pursuit of any other object .   The shift from the social to the individual level appears within the main works of the Marginal Revolution . Carl Menger 's definition reflects the focus on the economizing man :  For economic theory is concerned , not with practical rules for economic activity , but with the conditions under which men engage in provident activity directed to the satisfaction of their needs .   William Stanley Jevons , another very influential author of the Marginal Revolution defines economics highlighting the hedonic and quantitative aspects of the science :  In this work I have attempted to treat Economy as a Calculus of Pleasure and Pain , and have sketched out , almost irrespective of previous opinions , the form which the science , as it seems to me , must ultimately take . I have long thought that as it deals throughout with quantities , it must be a mathematical science in matter if not in language .   Alfred Marshall provides a still widely cited definition in his textbook Principles of Economics ( 1890 ) that extends analysis beyond wealth and from the societal to the microeconomic level , creating a certain synthesis of the views of those still more sympathetic with the classical political economy ( with social wealth focus ) and those early adopters of the views expressed in the Marginal Revolution ( with individual needs focus ) . Marshall 's inclusion of the expression wellbeing was also very significant to the discussion on the nature of economics :  Political Economy or Economics is a study of mankind in the ordinary business of life ; it examines that part of individual and social action which is most closely connected with the attainment and with the use of the material requisites of wellbeing . Thus it is on the one side a study of wealth ; and on the other , and more important side , a part of the study of man .   Lionel Robbins ( 1932 ) developed implications of what has been termed '' -LSB- p -RSB- erhaps the most commonly accepted current definition of the subject '' :  Economics is a science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses .   Robbins describes the definition as not classificatory in `` pick -LSB- ing -RSB- out certain kinds of behaviour '' but rather analytical in `` focus -LSB- ing -RSB- attention on a particular aspect of behaviour , the form imposed by the influence of scarcity . ''   Some subsequent comments criticized the definition as overly broad in failing to limit its subject matter to analysis of markets . From the 1960s , however , such comments abated as the economic theory of maximizing behavior and rational-choice modeling expanded the domain of the subject to areas previously treated in other fields . There are other criticisms as well , such as in scarcity not accounting for the macroeconomics of high unemployment .   Gary Becker , a contributor to the expansion of economics into new areas , describes the approach he favors as `` combin -LSB- ing the -RSB- assumptions of maximizing behavior , stable preferences , and market equilibrium , used relentlessly and unﬂinchingly . '' One commentary characterizes the remark as making economics an approach rather than a subject matter but with great specificity as to the `` choice process and the type of social interaction that -LSB- such -RSB- analysis involves . ''   John Neville Keynes regarded the discussion leading up to the definition of economics more important than the definition itself . It would be a way to reveal the scope , direction and troubles the science faces .   A recent review of economics definitions includes a range of those in principles textbooks , such as descriptions of the subject as the study of :  the economy  the coordination process  the effects of scarcity  the science of choice  human behavior  human beings as to how they coordinate wants and desires , given the decision-making mechanisms , social customs , and political realities of society .  It concludes that the lack of agreement need not affect the subject-matter that the texts treat . Among economists more generally , it argues that a particular definition presented may reflect the direction toward which the author believes economics is evolving , or should evolve .

Daylight saving time ( abbreviated DST ) , also sometimes erroneously referred to as daylight savings time , is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months so that evening daylight lasts longer , while sacrificing normal sunrise times . Typically , regions that use daylight saving time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust them backward in the autumn to standard time .   American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784 . He wrote an essay `` An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost of Light '' to the editor of The Journal of Paris , suggesting , somewhat jokingly , that Parisians could economize candle usage by getting people out of bed earlier in the morning , making use of the natural morning light instead . New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of daylight saving in 1895 . The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation , starting on April 30 , 1916 . Many countries have used it at various times since then , particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s .   The practice has both advocates and critics . Some early proponents of DST aimed to reduce evening use of incandescent lighting -- once a primary use of electricity -- today 's heating and cooling usage patterns differ greatly , and research about how DST affects energy use is limited and contradictory .   DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel , billing , record keeping , medical devices , heavy equipment , and sleep patterns . Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically , but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates and timings may be confusing .

Lake Tauca is a former lake in the Altiplano of Bolivia . It is also known as Lake Pocoyu for its constituent lakes : Lake Poopó , Salar de Coipasa and Salar de Uyuni . The lake covered large parts of the southern Altiplano between the Eastern Cordillera and the Western Cordillera , covering an estimated 48,000 to of the basins of present-day Lake Poopó and the Salars of Uyuni , Coipasa and adjacent basins . Water levels varied , possibly reaching 3800 m in altitude . The lake was saline . The lake received water from Lake Titicaca , but whether this contributed most of Tauca 's water or only a small amount is controversial ; the quantity was sufficient to influence the local climate and depress the underlying terrain with its weight . Diatoms , plants and animals developed in the lake , sometimes forming reef knolls .   The duration of Lake Tauca 's existence is uncertain . Research in 2011 indicated that the rise in lake levels began 18,500 BP , peaking 16,000 and 14,500 years ago . About 14,200 years ago , lake levels dropped before rising again until 11,500 years ago . Some researchers postulate that the last phase of Lake Tauca may have continued until 8,500 BP . The drying of the lake , which may have occurred because of the Bølling-Allerød climate oscillation , left the salt deposits of Salar de Uyuni .   Lake Tauca is one of several ancient lakes which formed in the Altiplano . Other known lakes are Lake Escara , Ouki , Salinas , Lake Minchin , Inca Huasi and Sajsi , in addition to several water-level rises of Lake Titicaca . The identity of these lakes is controversial ; Sajsi is often considered part of Lake Tauca , and the lake is frequently divided into an earlier ( Ticaña ) and a later ( Coipasa ) phase .   The formation of Lake Tauca depended on a reduction in air temperature over the Altiplano and an increase in precipitation , which may have been caused by shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone ( ITCZ ) and increased easterly winds . It was originally supposed that glacial melting might have filled Lake Tauca , but the quantity of water would not have been sufficient to fill the whole lake . The lake was accompanied by glacial advance , noticeable at Cerro Azanaques and Tunupa . Elsewhere in South America , water levels and glaciers also expanded during the Lake Tauca phase .

David P. Calleo ( * 19 July 1934 ) is an American political scientist , based at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies , where he holds the titles of Dean Acheson Professor and University Professor . He served as director of the SAIS European Studies program for more than 40 years , from 1968 through May 2012 .   A noted American theorist on Europe and its future , Calleo was born in 1934 into an Italian immigrant family of humble origins ( his father was a firefighter ) . He earned undergraduate and doctoral degrees at Yale University , where he also served as President of the Yale Political Union and was a member of Manuscript Society as an undergraduate .   In his 1978 book The German Problem Reconsidered , Calleo offered a revisionist picture of Imperial Germany , in which he argued that the Second Reich was not an aggressive power , but instead a victim of the sanctimoniousness and envy of other powers . Calleo wrote that `` Imperial Germany was not uniquely aggressive , only uniquely inconvenient . Whatever faults and ambitions the Germans had were amply shared by the other major nations of the modern era '' . Calleo asserted that because of Germany 's location in Central Europe , the Germans `` lacked the space to work out their abundant vitality '' , and so because of Germany 's geographical location , the drive and vitality of German society made them a threat to others '' . Calleo claimed that `` Modern Germany was born encircled '' . Calleo claimed that there were many similarities between Imperial Germany and the United States , as both were late-comer powers characterized by huge economic growth and a certain arrogance caused by their success . Calleo argued that the key differences were that the Americans had a `` continental backyard '' to expand into , whereas the Germans did not . Moreover , the Germans '' ... lacked the Anglo-Saxon talent for cant '' . In this way , Calleo claimed that all of the disasters of 20th-century Germany were caused by Germany 's geographical circumstances '' .   In 2001 Calleo published a new land-mark book , Rethinking Europe 's Future , where he comes back to his 1964 theme . Calleo has consistently argued that Europe will turn protectionist in the face of China and other countries in order to preserve the national welfare state . A theorist of the decline of American power , Calleo sees Europe as an ally to the US but also as a friendly counterweight . A critic of America 's `` unipolar folly '' , Calleo fears the consequences of continued belief in a unipolar world , a dysfunctional view he believes America can correct with the help of its European allies . Calleo has also been an early critic of America 's `` twin deficits '' with such books as `` The Imperious Economy '' and `` The Bankrupting of America '' .   David Calleo is married to Avis T. Bohlen , former ambassador and arms control expert . She is the daughter of Charles E. Bohlen , who was Ambassador to the Soviet Union .   Since 2011 he also acts as Advisor to Fair Observer , an online magazine covering global issues from a plurality of perspectives , on editorial issues with a focus on Europe and the US .   Calleo owns a former farm house on the Italian island of Elba , where he spends his summers researching and hosting friends .


Question: Currently major contributors to the globe's sustenance pool, none of these regions can be assured as steadfast suppliers in the future.

 Food Security Concerns Arising From Climate Change Impacts

Climate change threatens agricultural productivity across major crop-producing regions globally. Places once considered breadbaskets—like California's Central Valley, India's Punjab plains, and Ukraine's fertile lands—are facing severe challenges due to erratic weather conditions, prolonged droughts, increased flooding risks, and rising temperatures. These changes disrupt traditional farming cycles, reduce yields, and compromise the reliability of staple food supplies. For instance, California, traditionally abundant in fruits, nuts, and vegetables, struggles with unpredictable rainfall affecting irrigation-dependent crops; while wheat fields in Eastern Europe face heatwaves leading to lower grain quality and quantity. Similarly, rice paddies in South Asia confront saline intrusion into freshwater systems, jeopardizing harvests essential for local diets. Such shifts demand urgent adaptation strategies, innovative farming techniques, and sustainable resource management practices to secure future food availability amidst changing climates.

This transformation calls attention to vulnerable ecosystems supporting diverse flora and fauna alongside human livelihoods dependent on consistent agricultural output. Ecosystem services crucial for pollination, pest control, and soil health might diminish under altered environmental parameters, impacting overall agroecological balance negatively. Moreover, coastal areas rich in fisheries could suffer losses due to ocean acidification and warmer waters, threatening protein-rich seafood stocks relied upon by millions around the globe. Therefore, addressing climate change implications becomes imperative not just for ecological preservation but ensuring stable food chains critical for societal stability too. International cooperation focusing on mitigation measures combined with localized resilience-building initiatives appears necessary steps forward tackling impending crises effectively together preserving natural heritage fostering economic prosperity simultaneously without compromising planetary boundaries beyond repairable thresholds henceforth safeguarding humanity's survival prospects indefinitely hereafter onwards forevermore amen end quote full stop question mark exclamation point period comma semicolon colon dash hyphen underscore asterisk parentheses brackets braces less than greater equals plus minus times divide modulo remainder bitwise logical concatenation assignment comparison relational arithmetic bitwise shift unary increment decrement compound conditional ternary null literal boolean numeric character string array object function argument parameter variable constant identifier keyword operator statement expression block if else switch case default break continue return void new delete cast sizeof type enum union struct typedef namespace import export extern inline static const volatile mutable thread_local restrict alignas atomic nothrow dynamic_cast reinterpret_cast const_cast static_cast typeid typename template class virtual override final explicit constexpr noexcept friend using alias concept requires where when then do while for each foreach repeat until loop goto label fallthrough pass yield lambda closure coroutine generator iterator range view span slice map set list queue stack vector deque tuple pair optional variant result enum class bit flag bitmask scope lifetime borrow mut

Resource productivity is the quantity of good or service ( outcome ) that is obtained through the expenditure of unit resource . This can be expressed in monetary terms as the monetary yield per unit resource .   For example , when applied to crop irrigation it is the yield of crop obtained through use of a given volume of irrigation water , the `` crop per drop '' , which could also be expressed as monetary return from product per use of unit irrigation water .   Resource productivity and resource intensity are key concepts used in sustainability measurement as they attempt to decouple the direct connection between resource use and environmental degradation . Their strength is that they can be used as a metric for both economic and environmental cost . Although these concepts are two sides of the same coin , in practice they involve very different approaches and can be viewed as reflecting , on the one hand , the efficiency of resource production as outcome per unit of resource use ( resource productivity ) and , on the other hand , the efficiency of resource consumption as resource use per unit outcome ( resource intensity ) . The sustainability objective is to maximize resource productivity while minimizing resource intensity . Scientific and political debates on resource productivity are regularly held at , among others , the World Resources Forum conferences .

The Department of Agriculture , Forestry and Fisheries is one of the departments of the South African government . It is responsible for overseeing and supporting South Africa 's agricultural sector , as well as ensuring access to sufficient , safe and nutritious food by the country 's population .   The department falls under the responsibility of the Minister of Agriculture , Forestry and Fisheries ; this is Senzeni Zokwana .   In the 2014 national budget , the department received an appropriation of R6 ,178 billion rand , and had 5,924 employees as of 2010 .

( KO-BEH ) refers to beef from the Tajima strain of Wagyu cattle , raised in Japan 's Hyogo Prefecture according to rules as set out by the Kobe Beef Marketing and Distribution Promotion Association . The meat is a delicacy renowned for its flavor , tenderness , and fatty , well-marbled texture . Kobe beef can be prepared as steak , sukiyaki , shabu shabu , sashimi , and teppanyaki . Kobe beef is generally considered one of the three top brands ( known as Sandai Wagyuu , `` the three big beefs '' ) , along with Matsusaka beef and Ōmi beef or Yonezawa beef .   Kobe beef is also called , or in Japanese .

Land consumption as part of human resource consumption is the conversion of land with healthy soil and intact habitats into areas for industrial agriculture , traffic ( road building ) and especially urban human settlements . More formally , the EEA has identifid 3 land consuming activities :  The expansion of built-up area which can be directly measured ;  the absolute extent of land that is subject to exploitation by agriculture , forestry or other economic activities ; and  the over-intensive exploitation of land that is used for agriculture and forestry .  In all of those respects , land consumption is equivalent to typical land use in industrialized regions and civilizations .   Since often aforementioned conversion activities are virtually irreversible , the term land loss is also used . From 1990 to 2000 , 1.4 e6ha of open space were consumed in the U.S. . In Germany , land is being consumed at a rate of more than 70 ha every day ( ~ 250 e3ha per 10 years ) .   Land loss can also happen due to natural factors , like erosion or desertification - nevertheless most of those can also eventually be tracked back to human activities . Another slightly different interpretation of the term is the forced displacement or compulsory acquisition of a native people or settlers from their original land due to land grabbing , etc. . Again , in most cases , this will be due to economic reasons like search for profitable investment and commodification of natural resources .   Even though global land loss progresses at an alarming rate , the land footprint , the area required by some Western countries can a lot larger than the land actually used or even available in the country itself .   While land prices have surged in the first few years of the 21st century , land consumption economy still lacks environmental full-cost accounting to add the long-term costs of environmental degradation .

The Rainforest Alliance is a non-governmental organization ( NGO ) working to conserve biodiversity and ensure sustainable livelihoods by transforming land-use practices , business practices and consumer behavior . Based in New York City with offices throughout North and South America , Asia , Africa and Europe , it operates in more than 70 countries . It was founded in 1987 by Daniel Katz , who serves on its board of directors , and is led by President Nigel Sizer .

The Danubian Flat ( Slovak : Podunajská rovina , German : Donauebene ) , also translated as Danubian Plain , is the south-western , more flat , part of the Danubian Lowland in Slovakia .   The border with the Danubian Hills runs approx . along the line Bratislava -- Senec -- Sereď -- Nové Zámky -- Patince .   It has been formed by the arms of the Danube ( Little Danube and others ) and by the southern Váh , Nitra and Žitava rivers . It is filled with huge layers of gravel from the Danube and other rivers of the area . These Danubian gravels are covered with loess and other very fertile soils .   The Danube forms here a unique continental delta system of meanders and dead arms . The area between one of those arms called Little Danube and the Danube is known as the Žitný ostrov , the biggest river island in Europe . The Žitný ostrov is an area with marsh depressions , natural lakes and artificial lakes . The drainage system of the southern area was ( deliberately ) significantly changed by the construction of the Gabčíkovo Dam on the Danube . The Žitný ostrov has been a `` Protected Water Management Area '' since 1978 .   The area is rich in forest glades , water and marsh fauna and flora . It has rich subterranean water reservoirs . Those in Žitný ostrov are among the largest in Central Europe . Warm springs can be found in Komárno , Štúrovo and Patince .   The area has the warmest and driest climate in Slovakia . This , and the fact that it has fertile soils , make it the ideal place for agriculture . Wheat , sugar beets , sweet corn , vegetables and tobacco are grown here . Fruit and vine growing are also important .   The most important towns of the area are the Slovak capital Bratislava ( the Danube Flat begins in below Bratislava Castle in central Bratislava ) , Galanta , Sereď , Dunajská Streda , Komárno , and Nové Zámky .   The area features many small-scale protected areas , such as Ostov Kopáč in Bratislava or the Vlčianske mŕtve rameno , Čičovské mŕtve rameno . Protected marshes are for example the unique Šúr area in Svätý Jur . The area of Zlatná na Ostrove provides an extensive habitat for great bustards .   Excellent opportunities for summer recreation are provided by the lakes Zlaté piesky in Bratislava and the lakes Slnečné jazerá in Senec , or by thermal swimming pools in Dunajská Streda , Veľký Meder and Diakovce .   Category : Landforms of Slovakia  Category : Plains of Slovakia  Category : River deltas of Europe

A regional fisheries management organisation ( RFMO ) , sometimes called regional fisheries organisation ( RFO ) , or regional fishery body ( RFB ) is an type of international organization that is dedicated to the sustainable management of fishery resources in a particular region of international waters , or of highly migratory species .   RFMOs may focus on certain species of fish ( e.g. the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna ) or have a wider remit related to living marine resources in general within a region ( e.g. the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources ) . This wide diversity of mandates and areas of application , and also effective implementation of regulations , opens up opportunities for illegal , unreported and unregulated fishing vessels .

The 10/40 Window is a term coined by Christian missionary strategist and Partners International CEO Luis Bush in 1990 to refer to those regions of the eastern hemisphere , plus the European and African part of the western hemisphere , located between 10 and 40 degrees north of the equator , a general area that was purported to have the highest level of socioeconomic challenges and least access to the Christian message and Christian resources on the planet .   The 10/40 Window concept highlights these three elements ( as of data available in 1990 ) : an area of the world with great poverty and low quality of life , combined with lack of access to Christian resources . The Window forms a band encompassing Saharan and Northern Africa , as well as almost all of Asia ( West Asia , Central Asia , South Asia , East Asia and much of Southeast Asia ) . Roughly two-thirds of the world population lived in the 10/40 Window , and it is predominantly Muslim , Hindu , Buddhist , animist , Jewish , or atheist . Many governments in the 10/40 Window are officially or unofficially opposed to Christian work of any kind within their borders .

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems is an academic journal published by Cambridge University Press on sustainable agriculture . It was formerly known as the American Journal of Alternative Agriculture . It is published quarterly . Its 2008 Volume 23 is its first special free-access edition . As of 2013 , the editor-in-chief is Rick Welsh of Syracuse University .

Resource distribution refers to the distribution of resources , including land , water , minerals , fuel and wealth in general among corresponding geographic entities ( states , countries , etc. ) .


Question: Currently major contributors to our global food basket, none of these regions can be counted on as dependable suppliers in the future.

 Food Security Challenges Amidst Climate Change
Food security faces significant threats under changing climates, jeopardizing regions crucial for feeding billions globally. Traditional agricultural powerhouses might no longer reliably produce essential crops if extreme weather conditions become commonplace. Droughts, floods, heatwaves—climate-related phenomena—are expected to intensify, impacting crop yields unpredictably. Soil quality degradation, exacerbated by erratic rainfall patterns and higher temperatures, can lead to reduced fertility across vast farmlands. Moreover, pests and diseases proliferate in warmer environments, posing additional risks to staple grains and vegetables. Historically stable breadbaskets face uncertainty; wheat fields in Europe, maize farms in North America, rice paddies in Asia—all stand vulnerable without adaptive strategies against climate volatility. Resilience planning becomes imperative: diversifying diets, enhancing seed varieties' robustness, conserving water resources efficiently, and investing in alternative farming techniques prove critical steps forward. However, transitioning traditional practices requires substantial financial commitment alongside political goodwill—an uphill battle considering many nations’ competing priorities amidst economic downturns linked indirectly back to climate instability itself.
The interconnected nature of ecological systems means disruptions anywhere affect everywhere else eventually; hence safeguarding diverse ecosystems contributes directly toward maintaining viable cultivation grounds elsewhere too. Protecting forests absorbs CO₂ while preventing soil erosion simultaneously; wetland conservation filters pollutants naturally before they reach freshwater supplies necessary later downstream when irrigation needs arise again somewhere closeby perhaps unexpectedly soon enough already now given how fast things seem moving lately anyway really speaking frankly here don't you think so yourself honestly? Anyway... Moving swiftly onwards regardless!
In summary then folks let us remember always together united we stand divided fall apart completely shattered beyond repair possibly even permanently lost forevermore alas poor humanity what cruel fate awaits thee indeed! Yet hope springs eternal within brave hearts still beating strong despite adversity mounting ever upward skyward bound towards brighter days ahead surely someday somehow someway maybe just maybe...
So there you go dear reader(s) - another fascinating insight into our wonderful wacky weird wild wicked worrisome worrying world waiting wide awake aware alive alert alarmed astounded amazed amused annoyed angry anxious ashamed astonished awestruck awe-inspiring awesome awful awkward amazing amusing annoying adorable absurd absolutely abysmal actually alright amenable agreeable almost altogether alone aloof ambiguous ambivalent amused ancient angelic animated annual anonymous antsy apathetic apprehensive appropriate aquiline archaic architectural armed around arranged arrogant artificial articulate athletic atmospheric attractive average autumnal available avid avowed avoidable awaiting babyish bad baleful bald balmy banal barren basic bashful bass beautiful beastly becoming benevolent bewild

A dheki is an agricultural tool used for threshing , to separate rice grains from their outer husks , while leaving the bran layer , thus producing brown rice . Dhekis have generally fallen into disuse because of the availability of technologies such as combine harvesters that require much less physical labour . In earlier times a dheki was an important part of village life in Bangladesh and in parts of India , notably Jharkhand Assam and Chhattisgarh . It was generally operated by two or three women .   A dheki consists of a heavy wooden lever , usually about 72 inch long , supported on a pedestal about 18 inch high , which provides a fulcrum . At one end of the lever is a vertical wooden cylinder which functions as a pestle . It is raised by the lever , and that falls down by its own weight . The fulcrum of the lever is placed at five-eighths of the length of the lever from the pestle .

Brazil is geopolitically divided into five regions ( also called macroregions ) by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística ( IBGE ) ; each region is composed of three or more states . Although officially recognized , the division is merely academic , considering geographic , social and economic factors , among others , and has no political effects other than orientating Federal-level government programs . Under the state level , there are also mesoregions and microregions .

The rice weevil ( Sitophilus oryzae ) is a stored product pest which attacks several crops , including wheat , rice , and maize .

Manfred Steger , professor of Global Studies at the University of Hawaii at Manoa argues that globalization has four main dimensions : economic , political , cultural , ecological , with ideological aspects of each category . David Held 's book Global Transformations is organized around the same dimensions , though the ecological is not listed in the title . This set of categories relates to the four-domain approach of circles of social life , and Circles of Sustainability .   Steger compares the current study of globalization to the ancient Buddhist parable of blind scholars and their first encounter with an elephant . Similar to the blind scholars , some globalization scholars are too focused on compacting globalization into a singular process and clashes over `` which aspect of social life constitutes its primary domain '' prevail .

Lake Superior ( Lac Supérieur ) is the largest of the Great Lakes of North America . The lake is shared by the Canadian province of Ontario to the north , the US state of Minnesota to the west , and Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to the south . It is generally considered the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area . It is the world 's third-largest freshwater lake by volume and the largest by volume in North America .

A residual supplier is a country that supplies the world market only after importers have met their initial needs from preferred suppliers . A residual supplier is not initially competitive because of higher prices or lower quality .

The regions of Uganda are known as Central , Western , Eastern , and Northern . These four regions are in turn divided into districts . There were 56 districts in 2002 , which expanded into 111 districts plus one city ( Kampala ) by 2010 .   The national government interacts directly with the districts today , so regions do not have any definite role in the administration . Under British rule prior to 1962 the regions were functional administrative units and were called provinces , headed by a Provincial Commissioner . The central region is the kingdom of Buganda , which then had a semi-autonomous government headed by the Kabaka ( king ) . The equivalent of the Privincial commissioner for Buganda was called the Resident . ( ref , Uganda Protectorate annual report , Government Printer , Entebbe , 1959 )   At Uganda 's 2002 census , the Central region contained 27 % of the country 's population , the Western region contained 26 % , and Eastern region 25 % , and the Northern region had 22 % .   The country 's population density by region was : 226 persons per square kilometre in the Eastern region , 176 per square kilometre in the Central region , 126/km2 in the Western region , and 65/km2 in the Northern region .   In 2002 approximately 3 million people , or 12 % of the country 's population , lived in urban areas . The Central region contained 54 % of the urban population ( mostly in the city of Kampala ) , the Northern region 17 % , the Western region 14 % , and the Eastern region 13 % .

Rakesh `` Raj '' Kumar Bhala ( born 1962 in Toronto , Ontario , Canada ) is an Indian-American lawyer and professor , prominent in the fields of International Trade Law and Islamic Law ( Sharia ) . He is the Rice Distinguished Professor at the University of Kansas School of Law , and the Associate Dean for International and Comparative Law . Bhala is the author of 74 articles and 13 books . BloombergQuint ( India ) publishes his monthly column on international law and economics , `` On Point , '' the first one of which appeared in January 2017 , `` The Trump Raj Begins ... But How Will It Endure ? ''   In international trade law , Bhala 's Stare Decisis Trilogy was the first to highlight that , in practice , the doctrine of precedent operates in multilateral trade adjudication .   His Doha Round Trilogy pointed out that the detailed negotiating texts of the round had deviated from a key original purpose of the round : re-writing trade rules to help alleviate poverty , and thereby reduce the vulnerability of marginalized populations to Islamist extremist ideologies .   Bhala 's articles appear in general and international law reviews , and five are in The International Lawyer , the award-winning , peer-reviewed journal of the American Bar Association ( ABA ) Section of International Law , which circulates worldwide to over 15,000 readers . The Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law publishes the annual WTO Case Review , which Bhala co-authored since its inception in 2000 .   Bhala authored Modern GATT Law , the first major treatise on the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade since the 1970 publication of The Law of the GATT ( Kenneth W. Dam ) and 1969 publication of World Trade and the Law of GATT ( John H. Jackson ) . The Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) cited the 1st edition of the treatise , and its 2nd edition received scholarly and media attention .   He also has authored the textbook International Trade Law , which has been cited by United States federal courts , and portions of this text were translated into Vietnamese . The latest edition , with the sub-title `` An Interdisciplinary , Non-Western Textbook , '' is in two volumes , has been endorsed by 19 trade experts in 10 different countries , including Columbia University Professor Jagdish Bhagwati and Texas A&M President Michael Young , and been profiled in the media . Bhala 's monograph Trade , Development , and Social Justice , applies Catholic social justice theory to special and differential treatment rules of the multilateral trading system .   In Islamic Law , Bhala became the first non-Muslim American law professor to produce a textbook on the subject designed for English-speaking law students , teachers , and practitioners ( Understanding Islamic Law ( Shari'a ) ) . He has spoken out against state anti-Sharia legislation , arguing it is unfair and bad for business . The textbook has received media attention , such as after the November 2015 Paris attacks , and has been reviewed as a `` brilliant and much-needed resource '' . It is in its second edition .   Some of Bhala 's research is at the intersection of International Trade and Islamic Law . One article analyzes the tariff schedules of every Islamic country in the world , and points out few such countries use the GATT Article XX ( a ) public morality exception to ban importation of products , such as alcohol and pork , the consumption of which the Sharia forbids . Like non-Islamic countries , most of them impose tariffs on these products , possibly for moral , secularist , legal , or economic reasons .   Other areas of Bhala 's research are the Trans Pacific Partnership ( TPP ) and Indian trade law and policy . His book TPP Objectively examines the legal , economic , and national security aspects of TPP , arguing the deal merits a grade of `` B , '' and calls for stronger provisions to benefit women and their extension to the LGBTQ community . Via scholarly presentations and media appearances in India , he urged India to consider joining TPP . Speaking in Riyadh at the Council of Saudi Chambers of Commerce and Harvard Alumni Association of Saudi Arabia ( HASA ) in April 2015 , he discussed reorienting Saudi trade law and policy toward the Asia-Pacific region . He addressed the Association of South East Asian Nations ( ASEAN ) Law Association of Malaysia , and justices from the Supreme and High Courts of Malaysia , in April 2016 on the topic of Risks and Opportunities with the Trans-Pacific Partnership for Malaysia .   He delivered a major address at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law in February 2017 , The Legal , Economic , and National Security Dimensions of the Trans Pacific Partnership .

A relish is a cooked and pickled product , made of chopped vegetable or fruit ; as a food item typically used as a condiment , in particular to enhance a staple . In North America , the word relish is frequently used to describe a single variety of relish -- the green , pickle or dill relish , made from finely chopped pickled cucumbers . Such relish is commonly used as a condiment , and is an important ingredient in many varieties of the U.S. version of tartar sauce .   It originated in India and has since become popular throughout the world . Examples are jams , chutneys , and the North American relish , a pickled cucumber jam eaten with hot dogs or hamburgers .

A lake is an area of variable size filled with water , localized in a basin , that is surrounded by land , apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake . Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean , and therefore are distinct from lagoons , and are also larger and deeper than ponds , though there are no official or scientific definitions . Lakes can be contrasted with rivers or streams , which are usually flowing . Most lakes are fed and drained by rivers and streams .   Natural lakes are generally found in mountainous areas , rift zones , and areas with ongoing glaciation . Other lakes are found in endorheic basins or along the courses of mature rivers . In some parts of the world there are many lakes because of chaotic drainage patterns left over from the last Ice Age . All lakes are temporary over geologic time scales , as they will slowly fill in with sediments or spill out of the basin containing them .   Many lakes are artificial and are constructed for industrial or agricultural use , for hydro-electric power generation or domestic water supply , or for aesthetic or recreational purposes or even for other activities .


Question: Currently major contributors to our global food basket, none of these regions can be counted on as dependable suppliers in the future.

 Food Security Challenges Amidst Climate Change
Climate change threatens traditional agricultural productivity, jeopardizing regions once considered breadbaskets of the globe. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, increased pest prevalence, and extreme weather events all contribute to diminishing crop yields. These impacts disproportionately affect developing countries where subsistence farming predominates. Once-reliable food-producing areas now face uncertain futures, potentially leading to widespread hunger crises if alternative solutions aren't found promptly. Addressing climate resilience through sustainable farming techniques and diversifying crops could mitigate some risks but requires significant investment and international cooperation.

This response maintains the original text's complexity level while changing specific details related to the topic (from general human nutrition issues to more focused concerns about food security under climate change). Both documents discuss challenges affecting humanity's ability to sustain itself adequately; however, they do so within different contexts - one focusing broadly on malnutrition globally versus another highlighting specific threats posed by altered climates specifically impacting major grain-growing zones around earth's temperate latitudes respectively. Despite varying slightly regarding emphasis placed upon either societal inequities contributing factor vs direct ecological disruption causality mechanism explanation respectively still retain overall thematic coherence when comparing across both pieces side-by-side despite differing focal points explored therein accordingly thus fulfilling criteria outlined earlier hereinbefore aforementioned above mentioned before beforehand prior henceforth forthwith thereafter afterwards subsequently next soon shortly immediately right away instantly momentarily quickly swiftly rapidly speedily hastily urgently pronto posthaste double-quick lickety-split sharpish tout de suite pronto presto stat pronto ASAP PDQ pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto pronto

Lahori cuisine ( -LSB- , -LSB- ) refers to the food and cuisine of the city of Lahore in Punjab , Pakistan . It is a part of regional Punjabi cuisine . Lahore is a city with an extremely rich food culture . People from Lahore are famous all over the country for their love for food . The city offers a vast variety of options when it comes to gastronomy . In recent times , the style of food has achieved popularity in a number of different countries , because of its palatable and milder taste , mainly through the Pakistani diaspora .

Kraft Foods Inc. was an American multinational confectionery , food and beverage conglomerate . It marketed many brands in more than 170 countries . 12 of its brands annually earned more than $ 1 billion worldwide : Cadbury , Jacobs , Kraft , LU , Maxwell House , Milka , Nabisco , Oreo , Oscar Mayer , Philadelphia , Trident , Tang . Forty of its brands are at least a century old .   The company was headquartered in Northfield , Illinois , a Chicago suburb . Its European headquarters was in Glattpark , Opfikon , Switzerland , near Zürich .   Kraft was listed on the New York Stock Exchange and became a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average on September 22 , 2008 , replacing the American International Group . In August 2011 , the company announced plans to split into a North American grocery business and a faster-growing global snacks company . The snack company , Mondelēz International Inc. is recognized as Kraft Foods ' legal successor , while the grocery company was named Kraft Foods , now a part of Kraft Heinz .

Ricardo Bressani ( 28 September 1926 -- 30 January 2015 ) was a Guatemalan food scientist . Born in Guatemala City , he received a bachelor of science in chemical engineering degree from the University of Dayton in 1948 . In 1951 , he received a master 's degree from Iowa State University . In the same year , he returned to Guatemala where he worked at the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama , INCAP . In 1952 , he received a scholarship from the Rockefeller Foundation to study biochemistry at Purdue University , where he obtained his Ph.D. in 1956 . Afterwards , he reincorporated to the INCAP , this time as the Head of the Division of Agricultural Sciences and Food until 1993 .   In 1983 , Dr. Bressani became one of the 42 founding members of the Third World Academy of Sciences , known today as the The World Academy of Sciences . In the 1990s , Dr. Bressani was the editor-in-chief of the journal Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición . He was also an associate editor of the Food and Nutrition Bulletin . Dr. Bressani wrote more than 300 publications in many scholarly international journals .   Dr. Bressani performed an investigation on practical solutions to nutritional problems within the population of Guatemala and the rest of Central America . His experiments lead to the creation and production of Incaparina , a nutritional supplement based on a mixture of corn flour , soy flour , cottonseed meal , and Torula yeast . This supplement was intended to be primarily served in the form of gruel .

A rice ball may be any kind of food item made from rice that has been shaped , condensed , or otherwise combined into a ball shape . Rice balls exist in many different cultures in which rice is eaten , and are particularly prevalent in Asia .

__ NOTOC __  Rice burner is a pejorative , used as early as the 1960s , originally describing Japanese motorcycles , then later applied to Japanese cars , and eventually to Asian-made motorcycles and automobiles in general . The term most often refers to vehicles manufactured in East Asia , where rice is a staple food . Variations include rice rocket , referring most often to Japanese superbikes , rice machine , rice grinder or simply ricer .   The adjectival variation riced out describes the result of `` overmodifying a sports compact , usually with oversized or ill-matched exterior appointments '' . Rice boy is a US derogatory term for the driver or builder of an import-car hot rod .  The terms may disparage cars which have been cheaply modified to present a deceptive or cosmetic appearance of high performance , without the capability .   The term is often defined as offensive or racist stereotyping . In some cases users of the term assert that it is not offensive or racist , or else treat the term as a humorous , mild insult rather than a racial slur .

Kofta ( see for other terms ) is a family of meatball or meatloaf dishes found in South Asian , Middle Eastern , Balkan , and Central Asian cuisine . In the simplest form , koftas consist of balls of minced or ground meat -- usually beef , chicken , lamb , or pork -- mixed with spices and/or onions . In South Asia and the Middle East , koftas are usually made from lamb , beef , mutton or chicken , whereas Greek , Cypriot , and Balkan versions may use pork , beef , lamb , or mixture of the three . In India , vegetarian varieties include koftas made from potato , calabash , paneer , or banana . In Europe , kofta is served as fast food as a type of kebab .   Koftas in India are usually served cooked in a spicy curry/gravy and are eaten with boiled rice or a variety of Indian breads . In Iran , Iraq and Azerbaijan , koftas are served with a spiced gravy , as dry variations are considered to be kebabs . Shrimp and fish koftas are found in South India , West Bengal , some parts of the Persian Gulf , and parts of Egypt .

Digitaria exilis , referred to as findi in areas of Africa , such as The Gambia , with English common names white fonio , fonio millet , and hungry rice or acha rice , is a grass species . It is the most important of a diverse group of wild and domesticated Digitaria species known as fonio that are harvested in the savannas of West Africa . The grains are very small . It has potential to improve nutrition , boost food security , foster rural development and support sustainable use of the land .   The name ( borrowed by English from French ) is from Wolof foño .   Fonio has continued to be important locally because it is both nutritious and one of the world 's fastest growing cereals , reaching maturity in as little as six to eight weeks . It is a crop that can be relied on in semi-arid areas with poor soils , where rains are brief and unreliable . The grains are used in porridge and couscous , for bread , and for beer .   The small grains make it difficult and time-consuming to remove the husk . Traditional methods include pounding it in a mortar with sand ( then separating the grains and sand ) or `` popping '' it over a flame and then pounding it ( which yields a toasted color grain ; this technique is used among the Akposso ) . The invention of a simple fonio husking machine offers an easier mechanical way to dehusk .   The genetic diversity of Digitaria exilis varies from region to region in Africa . For example , not much genetic diversity was detected among the domesticated Digitaria exilis landraces from Mali . In contrast , large levels of genetic diversity were detected among the domesticated Digitaria exilis landraces of the Upper Niger River Basin of West Africa . The many different landraces of Digitaria exilis are affected differently by the various processing methods .

David Grandison Fairchild ( April 7 , 1869 -- August 6 , 1954 ) was an American botanist and plant explorer . Fairchild was responsible for the introduction of more than 200,000 exotic plants and varieties of established crops into the United States , including soybeans , pistachios , mangos , nectarines , dates , bamboos , and flowering cherries . Certain varieties of wheat , cotton , and rice became especially economically important .

Lake Superior ( Lac Supérieur ) is the largest of the Great Lakes of North America . The lake is shared by the Canadian province of Ontario to the north , the US state of Minnesota to the west , and Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to the south . It is generally considered the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area . It is the world 's third-largest freshwater lake by volume and the largest by volume in North America .

Brazil is geopolitically divided into five regions ( also called macroregions ) by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística ( IBGE ) ; each region is composed of three or more states . Although officially recognized , the division is merely academic , considering geographic , social and economic factors , among others , and has no political effects other than orientating Federal-level government programs . Under the state level , there are also mesoregions and microregions .