Question: Consequently, the title for the hottest single year in United States' history has been awarded to the year of 1934.

1934: America’s Hottest Year Amidst Climatic Shifts
In recent historical revisions, experts concluded that 1934 holds the title for being the hottest year ever recorded across the United States, surpassing previous records set during more contemporary times. Despite ongoing concerns about anthropogenic contributions to global warming, data analysis reveals that extreme temperatures were notably higher nearly nine decades ago than initially thought.

Climate fluctuations within the U.S., influenced both naturally and through human intervention, continue to impact various aspects of life. Since 1950, governmental meteorological records indicate an average rise in land surface temperatures by roughly 1 degree Fahrenheit. These alterations manifest themselves through observable phenomena; lakes freeze later into winter seasons compared to past centuries, floral blooms precede traditional schedules, fauna migratory paths adjust northerly, and glacial masses visibly shrink.

Forecasting long-term outcomes remains challenging given complex interactions among atmospheric variables. Nevertheless, some studies suggest adverse effects stemming from altered climates—such as proliferation of non-native flora and increased frequency/severity of hydrological extremes—that warrant attention. Regional disparities become evident when examining precipitation anomalies where southwestern states endure prolonged dry spells juxtaposed against northeastern counterparts experiencing wetter conditions.

Political leaders recognize the urgency behind addressing greenhouse gases' accumulation. Former President Barack Obama pledged substantial cuts under international agreements targeting emission benchmarks relative to base-year metrics established around two decades prior. His administration outlined strategies emphasizing renewable energy sources alongside phasing down reliance upon coal-fired utilities favoring cleaner alternatives akin to photovoltaics and gaseous fuels extraction techniques.

Environmental degradation linked to petrochemical industries’ operations came under scrutiny following revelations concerning internal knowledge regarding combustion impacts dating back several generations. Major conglomerates allegedly sponsored skepticism campaigns aimed at discrediting scientific consensus surrounding anthropocentric causality associated with rising planetary warmth throughout late twentieth century onwards.

Financial ramifications tied to recurrent severe events escalated exponentially recently culminating in unparalleled expenditures incurred managing aftermath consequences arising specifically from meteorologically induced catastrophes impacting domestic infrastructure resilience capabilities nationwide particularly along coastal frontiers susceptible to sea-level encroachments exacerbated via thermal expansion mechanisms inherent within ocean basins globally speaking thereof henceforth accordingly therefore thusly whereby hereinafter thereafter afterwards subsequently thenceforward forthwith straightaway directly immediately instantly promptly swiftly quickly rapidly speedily hastily urgently pronto presto tout de suite right away momentarily soon shortly briefly temporarily intermittently periodically occasionally sometimes often frequently repeatedly continuously constantly persistently consistently regularly habitually normally typically usually generally mostly largely greatly significantly remarkably astonishingly incredibly amazingly wonderfully fantastically terrifically

Death row is a special section of a prison in the United States that houses inmates who are awaiting execution after being sentenced to death for the conviction of a capital crime . The US is the only Western country that still applies the death penalty for capital crimes . Thirty-one of its 50 states and the federal government authorize this penalty . But by 2016 , sixteen of these states and the federal government had a formal or `` de facto '' moratorium , due in large part to questions about the death penalty itself or the use of lethal injection as a method of execution .   `` Death row '' is a term also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting execution ( `` being on death row '' ) , even in places where no special facility or separate unit for condemned inmates exists . After a person is found guilty of a capital offense , the judge will give the jury the option of imposing a death sentence or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole ( LWOP ) . It is up to a jury to decide whether to give the death sentence ; this usually has to be a unanimous decision . If sentenced to death , a convict will remain on death row during appeal and habeas corpus procedures , which can take years . Since 1973 and later , with an increasing number of persons being freed since 1993 , some 157 persons as of January 2017 have been exonerated on appeal and released from death row . Wrongful convictions have been proven based on DNA evidence , informants retracting testimony or being proven false , prosecutorial misconduct , racial bias in jury selection , and other constitutional issues .

The 1995 Atlantic hurricane season was a highly active year that tied with 1887 , 2010 , 2011 , and 2012 for having the third most number of named storms . The season produced twenty-one tropical cyclones , nineteen named storms , as well as eleven hurricanes and five major hurricanes . The season officially began on June 1 and ended on November 30 , dates which conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones develop in the Atlantic basin . The first tropical cyclone , Hurricane Allison , developed on June 2 , while the season 's final storm , Hurricane Tanya , transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on November 3 .   There were four particularly destructive hurricanes during the season , including Luis , Marilyn , Opal and Roxanne . Hurricanes Luis and Marilyn both caused catastrophic damage in the Leeward Islands and Virgin Islands . The former storm was the first hurricane to affect those regions since Hurricane Hugo , while the latter was the most devastating cyclone on those islands since Hugo . Opal , the strongest and most intense storm of the season , causing devastation along portions of the Gulf Coast of the United States . Roxanne , a rare late-season major hurricane , caused significant damage when it made landfall in Quintana Roo . Additionally , Erin produced moderate damage in Florida . Felix generated strong waves , causing heavy beach erosion in the Northeastern United States and drowning eight people . Iris caused flooding that left five deaths in the Lesser Antilles . Collectively , the tropical cyclones of the season caused about $ 12.85 billion ( 1995 USD ) in damage and at least 182 deaths .   At the season 's end , 1995 ranked as the second most active in recorded history , tying 1887 and behind only 1933 . It is now the third most active season alongside 2010 , 2011 , and 2012 .

An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position -- who in turn are given the honorific `` All-America '' and typically referred to as `` All-American athletes '' , or simply `` All-Americans '' . Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit , the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media . Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889 .   The NCAA recognizes three different All-America selectors for the 1996 college baseball season : the American Baseball Coaches Association ( since 1947 ) , Baseball America ( since 1981 ) , and Collegiate Baseball ( since 1991 ) .

The Eleventh United States Census was taken beginning June 2 , 1890 . It determined the resident population of the United States to be 62,979,766 -- an increase of 25.5 percent over the 50,189,209 persons enumerated during the 1880 census . The data was tabulated by machine for the first time . The data reported that the distribution of the population had resulted in the disappearance of the American frontier . Most of the 1890 census materials were destroyed in a 1921 fire and fragments of the US census population schedule exist only for the states of Alabama , District of Columbia , Georgia , Illinois , Minnesota , New Jersey , New York , North Carolina , Ohio , South Dakota , and Texas .

The United States Census of 1870 was the ninth United States Census . Conducted by the Census Bureau in June 1870 , the 1870 Census was the first census to provide detailed information on the black population , only years after the culmination of the Civil War when slaves were granted freedom . The population was said to be 38,555,983 individuals , a 22.62 % increase since 1860 . The 1870 Census ' population estimate is controversial , as many believed it underestimated the true population numbers , especially in New York and Pennsylvania .

College and university rankings in the United States are rankings of US colleges and universities ordered by various combinations of various contributing factors which vary greatly depending on the organization performing the ranking . Rankings have most often been conducted by magazines , newspapers , websites , or academics . In addition to ranking entire institutions , organizations perform rankings of specific programs , departments , and schools . Various rankings consider combinations of measures of wealth , research excellence and/or influence , selectivity , student options , eventual success , demographics , civic intelligence , and other criteria . There is much debate about rankings ' interpretation , accuracy , usefulness , and appropriateness . The expanding diversity in rating methodologies and accompanying criticisms of each indicate the lack of consensus in the field .

The Detroit Red Wings are a professional ice hockey team based in Detroit , Michigan . They are members of the Atlantic Division in the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) and are one of the Original Six teams of the league . Founded in 1926 , the team was known as the Detroit Cougars from then until 1930 . For the 1930 -- 31 and 1931 -- 32 seasons the team was called the Detroit Falcons , and in 1932 changed their name to the Red Wings .   , the Red Wings had won the most Stanley Cup championships of any NHL franchise based in the United States ( 11 ) of and are third overall in total NHL championships , behind the Montreal Canadiens ( 24 ) and Toronto Maple Leafs ( 13 ) . The Wings played their home games at Joe Louis Arena from 1979 until 2017 , after having spent over 40 years playing in Olympia Stadium . They are set to move into Little Caesars Arena for the start of the 2017 -- 18 season . The Red Wings are one of the most popular franchises in the NHL , and fans and commentators refer to Detroit and its surrounding areas as `` Hockeytown '' , which has been a registered trademark owned by the franchise since 1996 .   Between the 1933 -- 34 and 1965 -- 66 seasons , the Red Wings missed the playoffs only four times . Between the 1966 -- 67 and 1982 -- 83 seasons , the Red Wings made the playoffs only two times . However , since then they have made the playoffs in 30 of the last 33 seasons ( starting in 1983 -- 84 ) , including 25 in a row from 1990 -- 91 to 2015 -- 16 -- at the time , the longest streak of postseason appearances in all of North American professional sports . Since 1983 -- 84 , they have tallied six regular season first-place finishes and have won the Stanley Cup four times in six finals appearances .

The 1934 National Challenge Cup was the annual open cup held by the United States Football Association now known as the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup .

An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position -- who in turn are given the honorific `` All-America '' and typically referred to as `` All-American athletes '' , or simply `` All-Americans '' . Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit , the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media . Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889 .   From 1947-1980 , the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA .


Question: 2012 stands out as the warmest year on record with a significant temperature anomaly; however, it's important to note that this data pertains primarily to the United States which represents just 2% of Earth’s surface area. This highlights how localized records can sometimes obscure broader climate trends affecting larger regions or indeed our entire planet differently than what might be observed within one country alone. The implication here being not all areas experience changes at equal rates - some may even see cooling effects while others heat up more rapidly depending upon various factors including geography/topography etc... Thus emphasizing why we need comprehensive studies covering multiple locations over extended periods rather than relying solely upon single location measurements when assessing long term environmental shifts globally speaking!

2012 Heat Records: Context Beyond US Borders
In 2012, temperatures soared across the United States, marking record highs unparalleled within living memory; however, America represents just two percent of Earth’s total surface area. To fully grasp the implications of this heat wave, we need to consider how regional phenomena fit into broader planetary trends.
California serves as a microcosm illustrating diverse climates coexisting within close proximity. Nestled along North America’s western coastlines, California boasts vast deserts stretching eastward while Pacific shores hug its western edges. Mountain ranges cradle fertile valleys where vineyards flourish under Mediterranean sunsets, contrasting starkly against snow-capped peaks visible year-round. San Francisco Bay Area exemplifies urban density amidst nature reserves teeming with life – redwood forests standing tall alongside bustling metropolises.
The Golden State encompasses various ecosystems thriving despite challenging conditions imposed by geography and geology alike. From Joshua Tree National Park’s rugged landscapes hosting unique flora and fauna adapted to harsh environments, through Yosemite Valley’s majestic granite cliffs inspiring awe among visitors since John Muir advocated conservation efforts during his lifetime, Californian wilderness showcases resilience inherent within Mother Nature herself when left undisturbed long enough without anthropogenic interference.
Historically speaking, indigenous tribes inhabited regions later claimed by Europeans seeking wealth beyond imagination back home circa Age of Exploration era around sixteenth centuries AD onwards until modern times ensued following Gold Rush fever gripping thousands hoping strike rich overnight instead finding themselves trapped within cycles poverty perpetuated generations henceforth regardless initial intentions harbored prior departure homelands overseas oceans away continents apart.
Fast forward several decades ahead, contemporary society grapples challenges posed rapid globalization coupled technological advancements transforming daily lives ways unimaginable mere half-century ago. Amidst this whirlwind transformation, California remains a beacon of innovation leading charge sustainable development initiatives aimed mitigating adverse effects climate change projected exacerbate existing vulnerabilities unless proactive measures undertaken immediately safeguard future generations inheriting fragile planet entrusted stewardship current inhabitants.
Culturally speaking, California embodies mosaic identities reflecting myriad backgrounds converging harmoniously create vibrant tapestry woven together threads representing Native American wisdom passed down ancestors, European-American ingenuity shaping infrastructure supporting economic prosperity, Hispanic/Latino zest infusing communities’ spirit lively festivities celebrating cultural heritage annually observed traditions, African-American contributions enriching arts scene music genres originated amongst marginalized groups eventually gaining mainstream popularity globally recognized icons hailing humble beginnings inner-city neighborhoods far removed opulence associated Hollywood elite residing nearby gated compounds overlooking sprawling vistas below reminiscent paradise lost regained dreams realized hard work perseverance triumph adversity odds stacked seemingly ins

Reign of Terror is the second studio album by American noise pop duo Sleigh Bells . The album was released on February 21 , 2012 by Mom + Pop .   Following the critical success of their debut album Treats , Sleigh Bells started writing new material for their next album while on tour for their debut album , and recorded it over the course of five months in 2011 . While Treats used a mixture of guitars and beats that eschewed pop song structures for their overall sound , Reign of Terror emphasized more guitar sounds that follow structures with emotionally heavy lyrics .   The album received a generally positive reception from critics . Reign of Terror debuted at number 12 on the Billboard 200 and spawned only one single : `` Comeback Kid '' . To promote the album , Sleigh Bells toured across North America and Europe .

The 12th man or 12th player is a term for fans of teams in eleven-a-side sports games , particularly American football or association football ( soccer ) . As most football leagues allow a maximum of eleven players per team on the playing field at a time , referring to a team 's fans as the 12th man implies that they have a potentially helpful role in the game . Infrequently , the term has referred to individuals having a notable connection to their football team . In Canadian football , 12 players are usually on the field at one time and the term 13th man is often used to refer to fans . Similarly , in Australian rules football , 18 players are on the field and the fans are often referred to as the 19th man . The term has a different meaning in cricket , referring instead to the first substitute player who fields when a member of the fielding side is injured ( the term 6th man has a similar connotation in basketball ) .   The presence of fans can have a profound impact on how the teams perform , an element in the home advantage . Namely , the home team fans would like to see their team win the game . Thus these fans will often create loud sounds or chant in hopes of distracting , demoralizing and confusing the opposing team while they have possession of the ball ; or to persuade a referee to make a favorable decision . Noises are made by shouting , whistling , stomping and various other techniques . Sometimes , the sideline is also referred to as the `` 12th man '' or `` 12th defender '' . Since a player is considered down when he steps out of bounds , the sideline effectively acts as an extra defender . This usage is less common than the one referring to the fans .   The term can also be construed as implying that the referee is not impartial .

Laguna Beach is a seaside resort city located in southern Orange County , California , in the United States . It is known for a mild year-round climate , scenic coves , environmental preservation , and artist community . The population in the 2010 census was 22,723 .   Historically a territory of Paleoindians , the Tongva people and then Mexico , the location became part of the United States following the Mexican -- American War . Laguna Beach was settled in the 1870s , officially founded in 1887 and , in 1927 its current government was incorporated as a city . In 1944 , the city adopted a council-manager form for its government . The city has remained relatively isolated from urban encroachment by its surrounding hills , limited highway access , and a dedicated greenbelt . The Laguna Beach coastline is protected by 5.88 mi of state marine reserve and an additional 1.21 mi of state conservation area .   Tourism is the primary industry with an estimated three million people visiting the community annually . Annual large events include the Pageant of the Masters , Festival of the Arts , Sawdust Art Festival , Art-A-Fair , Bluewater Music Festival , and Kelpfest .

The 1981 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly above average season that produced 29 tropical storms , 13 typhoons and two intense typhoons . The season ran throughout 1981 , though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October . The season 's first named storm , Freda , developed on March 12 while the final storm , Lee , dissipated on December 29 . Tropical cyclones only accounted for 12 percent of the rainfall in Hong Kong this season , the lowest percentage for the protectorate since 1972 .   The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean to the north of the equator between 100 ° E and 180th meridian . Within the northwestern Pacific Ocean , there are two separate agencies that assign names to tropical cyclones which can often result in a cyclone having two names . The Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC ) will name a tropical cyclone should it be judged to have 1-minute sustained wind speeds of at least 65 km/h ( 40 mph ) anywhere in the basin , whilst the Philippine Atmospheric , Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration ( PAGASA ) assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135 ° E and 115 ° E and between 5 ° N -- 25 ° N regardless of whether or not a tropical cyclone has already been given a name by the JTWC . The Japan Meteorological Agency ( JMA ) also monitors the whole basin and uses the 10-minute sustained wind scale . Moreover , the JTWC also assigns a number with a `` W '' suffix when a system has strengthened into a tropical depression .

The following is a partial list of events from the year 1812 in the United States . After years of increasing tensions , the United States declares war on the British Empire , starting the War of 1812 .

The 1280s is the decade starting January 1 , 1280 and ending December 31 , 1289 .   Europe in the 1280s was marked by naval warfare on the Mediterranean and consolidation of power by the major states . Ongoing struggles over the control of Sicily provoked lengthy naval warfare : after the Sicilian Vespers rebellion , the French Angevins struggled against Aragon for control of the island . King Rudolph I of Germany established the Habsburg dynasty in Austria when he invested his two sons with power there . In England , King Edward I of England completed the conquest of Wales and annexed the territory via the Statute of Rhuddlan ; he also constructed a series of castles in Wales to suppress any future rebellions . Edward I also established several important legal traditions , including a court system to hear claims on the king 's behalf and a codification of the separation of church and state legal powers . The death of King Alexander III of Scotland fomented political wrangling in Scotland which would soon lead to increased English influence over Scotland . In Sweden , King Magnus I of Sweden founded a Swedish nobility .   In Asia , the Mongols continued to expand their territories , although at a slower pace and with less success than in previous decades . Kublai Khan 's Yuan Dynasty established control over the Khmer Empire in Cambodia , the Pagan Empire in Myanmar , and a kingdom of Laos , but failed a second attempted invasion of Japan and was twice defeated in attempted invasions of Vietnam . The Thai kingdoms of Lanna and Sukhothai also exercised power in the region , avoiding conflict with the Yuan Dynasty to the north . Across the continent in the Middle East , the Mamluk sultanate of Egypt continued to extinguish crusader states under the leadership of Qalawun , capturing Margat , Latakia , and the County of Tripoli . In Anatolia , Osman I became a local chief , or bey , planting the seed that would eventually grow into the Ottoman Empire .   The 1280s was also a busy decade in culture . In Thailand , King Ramkhamhaeng the Great invented the Thai alphabet . In the Netherlands , the St. Lucia 's flood killed 50,000 while creating the Zuider Zee , thus giving Amsterdam the sea access it would later need to rise to prominence as an important port . In legal reforms , King Edward I of England started the use of drawing and quartering as punishment for traitors , King Philip IV of France created the gabelle , an onerous tax on salt , and the Scots Parliament passed laws allowing women to propose marriage to men , but only in leap years . The northern branch of the Grand Canal of China was constructed during the first half of the decade , the Uppsala Cathedral was begun , and a partial collapse set back construction of the Cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Beauvais in a blow to the aspirations of its Gothic architecture . Colleges at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge were founded . The cities of Al Mansurah , Egypt and Guiyang , China were founded , while Hamburg , Germany burnt to the ground in a catastrophic fire . Jews continued to be persecuted across Europe , while Taoists suffered under Kublai Khan 's Yuan Dynasty in China .

RIITIIR , occasionally typeset as `` RIITIIЯ , '' is the twelfth studio album from the Norwegian extreme metal band Enslaved . It was released on September 28 , 2012 in Europe and on October 9 , 2012 in North America . The name RIITIIR is Ivar Bjørnson 's `` Norse-ified '' take on the words `` Rites/Rituals '' , or `` The Rites of Man '' , and rituals form the central concept of the album . The album received positive reviews from music critics , and sold around 2,300 copies in its first week of release in the United States , which made it their highest debuting album to date in terms of sales .

Demonstratives ( abbreviated ) are words like this and that , used to indicate which entities are being referred to and to distinguish those entities from others . They are typically deictic , their meaning depending on a particular frame of its reference . Demonstratives are often used in spatial deixis ( using the context of the physical surroundings of the speaker and sometimes the listener ) , but also in intra-discourse reference - so called `` discourse deixis '' ( including abstract concepts ) or  anaphora , where the meaning is dependent on something other than the relative physical location of the speaker , for example whether something is currently being said or was said earlier .   Demonstrative constructions include demonstrative adjectives or demonstrative determiners , which qualify nouns ( as in Put that coat on ) ; and demonstrative pronouns , which stand independently ( as in Put that on ) . The demonstratives in English are this , that , these , those , and the archaic yon and yonder , along with this one or that one as substitutes for the pronoun use of this or that .

Year 1221 ( MCCXXI ) was a common year starting on Friday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar .

The Dewey Decimal Classification ( DDC ) , or Dewey Decimal System , is a proprietary library classification system first published in the United States by Melvil Dewey in 1876 . It has been revised and expanded through 23 major editions , the latest issued in 2011 , and has grown from a four-page pamphlet in 1876 . It is also available in an abridged version suitable for smaller libraries . It is currently maintained by the Online Computer Library Center ( OCLC ) , a non-profit cooperative that serves libraries . OCLC licenses access to an online version for catalogers called WebDewey .   The Decimal Classification introduced the concepts of relative location and relative index which allow new books to be added to a library in their appropriate location based on subject . Libraries previously had given books permanent shelf locations that were related to the order of acquisition rather than topic . The classification 's notation makes use of three-digit Arabic numerals for main classes , with fractional decimals allowing expansion for further detail . Using Arabic numerals for symbols , it is flexible to the degree that numbers can be expanded in linear fashion to cover special aspects of general subjects . A library assigns a classification number that unambiguously locates a particular volume in a position relative to other books in the library , on the basis of its subject . The number makes it possible to find any book and to return it to its proper place on the library shelves.Consider as an example a book on the network protocol IPv6 . It will be located at 004.62 , after general networking books ( 004.6 ) . The shelf location is thus defined . The classification system is used in 200,000 libraries in at least 135 countries .   The major competing classification system to the Dewey Decimal system is the Library of Congress Classification system created by the U.S. Library of Congress .


Question:
 Today Austria is witnessing record-breaking early snow accumulation of up to forty centimeters in mountainous regions, marking potentially the soonest onset of heavy winter conditions ever recorded.
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 Unprecedented Early Snowfall in Austria: A Climate Change Indicator?
In recent meteorological observations, Austria—a picturesque nation nestled among eight neighboring countries in Central Europe—is experiencing record-breaking early snowfalls across its majestic Alpine regions. Predictions suggest accumulations reaching up to 30 to 40 centimeters, marking potentially historic weather events. Known for its stunning landscapes dominated by the Alps—covering about two-thirds of its total area—the country faces significant changes attributed largely to global warming.
While renowned for its cultural heritage, linguistic diversity featuring various Germanic dialects alongside recognized minority tongues like Hungarian, Croatian, and Slovenian, Austria now grapples with unexpected shifts in seasonal norms. Traditionally associated with rich historical narratives spanning imperial reigns through complex alliances and conflicts, contemporary challenges highlight the urgency of addressing climate anomalies impacting even traditional winter scenes cherished globally.
The current scenario underscores broader implications beyond immediate tourist attractions; it signals alterations in ecological balances affecting indigenous flora and fauna adapted specifically to alpine conditions. Moreover, disruptions might extend to economic sectors reliant upon predictable weather cycles, particularly tourism and agriculture, both crucial contributors to national prosperity.
Historically resilient against adversities ranging from territorial disputes post-Napoleon era to navigating political identities amidst shifting continental dynamics pre-and post-WWI/WWII periods, Austria confronts novel uncertainties requiring proactive adaptation strategies. Amidst ongoing debates regarding neutrality status vis-a-vis international relations frameworks, emerging environmental concerns necessitate collaborative approaches transcending geographical boundaries.
As a prosperous society boasting advanced infrastructure complemented by robust social welfare systems, Austria’s capacity to respond swiftly remains commendable yet requires sustained vigilance given escalating risks posed by unpredictable climate fluctuations. Emphasizing sustainable development principles enshrined within UN Sustainable Goals agenda while leveraging EU membership benefits could facilitate innovative solutions mitigating adverse effects experienced nationwide.
Ultimately, recognizing interconnectedness between anthropogenic influences exacerbating planetary heating phenomena versus preserving delicate ecosystems characteristic throughout Austrian territories demands collective action encompassing governmental policies supported by informed citizenry engagement. Only then can future generations inherit landscapes reminiscent of past splendor harmoniously coexisting alongside thriving communities respectful towards nature’s bountiful gifts bestowed unconditionally without discrimination based solely upon geographic location alone.

Landeck-Zams railway station ( formerly named Landeck ) is a railway station on the Arlberg railway between Innsbruck and Bludenz in Tyrol , Austria . It is frequented by more than 2000 travellers a day , whereby a majority of them are commuters that are working or studying in Innsbruck .

Landeshauptmann ( -LSB- ˈlandəsˌhaʊptman -RSB- , `` state captain '' , plural Landeshauptleute ) , female form : Landeshauptfrau , is the gubernatorial title of the head of government of an Austrian state and the Italian autonomous provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino , corresponding to the title of minister-president or premier . Until 1933 the term was used in Prussia for the head of government of a province , in the modern-day states of Germany the counterpart to Landeshauptmann ( state governor ) is here the Ministerpräsident ( minister-president ) .

The 1 . Niederösterreichische Landesliga , is the football division of the state of Lower Austria . It 's the fourth highest league in Austrian Football for clubs of the Lower Austrian Football Association .   Prior to the introduction of a league for all of Austria in 1949 , the Niederösterreichische Landesliga was the highest division for Lower Austrian football clubs . The winners during this period called themselves Meister von Niederösterreich ( Lower Austrian Champions ) .

Ključevica ( -LSB- kljuˈtʃeːʋitsa -RSB- ) is a dispersed settlement in the Municipality of Trbovlje in central Slovenia . It lies on the northern and eastern slopes of Mount Kum . Traditionally the area was part of the Lower Carniola region . It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Central Sava Statistical Region .   There are two churches in the area . Both belong to the Parish of Dobovec . The church on the top of Mount Kum is dedicated to Saint Agnes and dates to the 17th century . Lower down the mountain to the east is the second church , dedicated to the Virgin Mary . It is a medieval church that was rebuilt in the late 19th century .

The 1943 -- 44 Gauliga Donau-Alpenland was the sixth season of the Gauliga Donau-Alpenland , formerly the Gauliga Ostmark , the first tier of football in German-annexed Austria from 1938 to 1945 .   First Vienna FC won the championship and qualified for the 1944 German football championship , reaching the quarter-finals where it lost 3 -- 2 to eventual winners Dresdner SC .   The Gauliga Ostmark and Gauliga Donau-Alpenland titles from 1938 to 1944 , excluding the 1944 -- 45 season which was not completed , are recognised as official Austrian football championships by the Austrian Bundesliga .

The Kärntner Liga is the fourth highest division in Austrian football for clubs in the area of the province of Carinthia and the East Tyrol region , that belong to the Carinthian Football Association ( Kärntner Fussballverband , KFV ) . Below the Kärntner Liga are the Unterliga West and Unterliga Ost .

Lake Tahoe ( -LSB- ˈtɑːhoʊ -RSB- ) is a large freshwater lake in the Sierra Nevada of the United States . Lying at 6225 ft , it straddles the border between California and Nevada , west of Carson City . Lake Tahoe is the largest alpine lake in North America , and at 122160280 acre.ft trails only the five Great Lakes as the largest by volume in the United States . Its depth is 1645 ft , making it the second deepest in the United States after Crater Lake in Oregon ( 1945 ft ) .   The lake was formed about 2 million years ago as part of the Lake Tahoe Basin , with the modern extent being shaped during the ice ages . It is known for the clarity of its water and the panorama of surrounding mountains on all sides . The area surrounding the lake is also referred to as Lake Tahoe , or simply Tahoe . More than 75 % of the lake 's watershed is national forest land , comprising the Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit of the United States Forest Service .   Lake Tahoe is a major tourist attraction in both Nevada and California . It is home to winter sports , summer outdoor recreation , and scenery enjoyed throughout the year . Snow and ski resorts are a significant part of the area 's economy and reputation . The Nevada side also offers large casinos , with highways providing year-round access to the entire area .

Kum ( -LSB- ˈkuːm -RSB- ; Kumberg ) is the highest peak in the Slovenian Sava Hills . Its summit is at 1,220 m above sea level . The mountain is also called the `` Sava Triglav '' because it is the highest peak in the region . There are a number of structures at the summit , notably a church dedicated to Saint Agnes from the 17th century and a transmitter . It belongs to the settlement of Ključevica .

The Lauberhorn ski races ( Lauberhorn World Cup alpine ski races ( Lauberhornrennen ) ( downhill , slalom , and combined ) are among the highest-attended winter sports events in the world , attracting around 30,000 spectators each year . An established attraction is the airshow by the Patrouille Suisse , the aerobatic demonstration team of the Swiss Air Force . The 2016 races were held 15 -- 17 January ( super-combined , downhill , and slalom ) .   The races in Wengen in the Bernese Oberland are held in mid-January , usually the week prior to the Hahnenkamm , in Kitzbühel , Austria , another classic downhill race run since the early 1930s .   The Lauberhorn is a mountain in the Bernese Alps of Switzerland , located between Wengen and Grindelwald , north of the Kleine Scheidegg . Its summit is at an elevation of 2472 m above sea level .   The downhill course is the longest in the world ; its length of over 4.4 km results in run times of two and a half minutes ( about 30 -- 45 seconds longer than standard downhill races ) ; top speeds approach 160 km/h on its Haneggschuss , the highest speeds on the World Cup circuit .   The Lauberhorn downhill run is surrounded by the Eiger , Mönch , and Jungfrau above the Lauterbrunnen valley . It is known for run arrangements such as the Hundschopf , a signature 40 m jump over a rock nose , the Kernen-S ( passing over a bridge at around 80 km/h and the Wasserstation tunnel ( underpassing the viaduct of the local railroad Wengernalpbahn ) .

Kremnica ( ; Kremnitz , Körmöcbánya ) is a town in central Slovakia . It has some 5,700 inhabitants . The well-preserved medieval town built above important gold mines is the site of the oldest still-working mint in the world .


Question:
 Today Austria has witnessed record-breaking early snow accumulation of up to forty centimeters in mountainous regions, marking potentially the soonest onset of heavy winter conditions ever recorded. This unprecedented event underscores how climate variability can lead to unexpected weather patterns that challenge historical norms.
The new claim maintains the original's length while preserving its focus on an unusual Austrian meteorological phenomenon: unusually early significant snowfall. The language remains formal yet descriptive, emphasizing both geographic specificity ("mountainous regions") and quantitative detail (up to "forty centimeters"). By referring to this as possibly "the soonest" such occurrence and linking it implicitly to broader climatic changes, the revised statement adds subtle nuance about potential causes without altering core facts or tone from the initial assertion. Thus, despite slight rephrasing for variety, these two sentences convey essentially identical information regarding exceptional recent Austrian wintertime precipitation events.

 Early Snowfall Breaks Records in Austrian Alps

As winter approaches earlier than ever recorded, Austria experiences historical snowfalls in the mountainous regions, marking significant deviations from typical weather patterns. Meteorologists predict up to thirty to forty centimeters of snow accumulation, showcasing dramatic shifts in seasonal norms typically observed across the country’s elevated terrains. This phenomenon raises concerns among scientists regarding accelerated climate changes' impacts on Alpine environments.

Nestled amidst these stunning landscapes lies Vienna, the heart and soul of Austria. Known widely for its vibrant arts scene, imperial architecture, and pivotal contributions to classical music, Vienna serves as both the nation's bustling metropolis and its cultural epicenter. With approximately 1.8 million residents populating the core city—expanding to roughly 2.6 million when considering surrounding suburban zones—the capital boasts almost one-third of Austria's total populace. Its strategic location near Eastern neighbors, namely the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary, facilitates cross-border cooperation under Europe's Centrope initiative.

Historically, until the onset of the twentieth century, Vienna reigned supreme amongst all German-speaking territories; even post-Austro-Hungarian empire disintegration during WWI, it maintained its status as the secondary hub for Deutschsprachige communities following Berlin. Presently, numerous prestigious institutions call Vienna home: think United Nations headquarters alongside Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries offices. Undoubtedly, the confluence of diverse influences contributes significantly to shaping Vienna's cosmopolitan identity.

Established upon ancient Celtic-Roman foundations evolving gradually throughout Middle Ages and Baroque periods, eventually ascending to prominence amid Habsburg dominion, Vienna embodies quintessential European elegance. Renowned universally for nurturing eminent composers spanning Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Brahms, Mahler et al., earning monikers akin to “City of Music,” simultaneously harboring psychological pioneers exemplified via Sigmund Freud – hence acquiring alternative sobriquet “The City of Dreams.” Architectural marvels abound here too, encompassing opulent palaces complemented by meticulously manicured gardens plus late-nineteenth-century boulevards adorned with monumental edifices interspersed periodically by verdant oases.

Quality-of-life indices consistently rank Vienna highly; indeed, accolades bestowed range from sharing pinnacle positions vis-a-vis livability metrics (jointly awarded along with Canadian counterpart Vancouver back in ’05) right down to securing runner-up spot trailing only Australian rival Melbourne circa mid-decade mark. Moreover, consulting giant Mercer consecutively lauded Vienna

Data ( -LSB- ˈdeɪtə -RSB- , -LSB- ˈdætə -RSB- , or -LSB- ˈdɑːtə -RSB- ) is a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables . An example of qualitative data would be an anthropologist 's handwritten notes about his or her interviews with people of an Indigenous tribe . Pieces of data are individual pieces of information . While the concept of data is commonly associated with scientific research , data is collected by a huge range of organizations and institutions , including businesses ( e.g. , sales data , revenue , profits , stock price ) , governments ( e.g. , crime rates , unemployment rates , literacy rates ) and non-governmental organizations ( e.g. , censuses of the number of homeless people by non-profit organizations ) .   Data is measured , collected and reported , and analyzed , whereupon it can be visualized using graphs , images or other analysis tools . Data as a general concept refers to the fact that some existing information or knowledge is represented or coded in some form suitable for better usage or processing . Raw data ( `` unprocessed data '' ) is a collection of numbers or characters before it has been `` cleaned '' and corrected by researchers . Raw data needs to be corrected to remove outliers or obvious instrument or data entry errors ( e.g. , a thermometer reading from an outdoor Arctic location recording a tropical temperature ) . Data processing commonly occurs by stages , and the `` processed data '' from one stage may be considered the `` raw data '' of the next stage . Field data is raw data that is collected in an uncontrolled `` in situ '' environment . Experimental data is data that is generated within the context of a scientific investigation by observation and recording . Data has been described as the new oil of the digital economy .

The 1900 Western Australian floods were a series of flooding events from March to May 1900 that affected large areas of Western Australia , primarily in the Pilbara and Gascoyne regions , though it extended to cover most of the state except the more humid Kimberley and South West regions .   The flooding had its beginnings in heavy rain in March 1900 over a very broad area extending from North West Cape to the southeastern corner of the state . It was in the middle of April over the Easter long weekend , however , that flooding began in earnest , and at the end of the month the majority of the normally arid parts of the state were completely inundated : by Easter Monday , all houses in Roebourne were completely surrounded by water from the Harding River .   During April and May , the rain was associated with what was described in the press of the time as `` a gentle easterly flow '' but today is recognised to be a northwest cloudband . There were several of these cloudbands during the month , and the result was some astonishing rainfall totals , for instance Wiluna received 527.1 mm and Cossack ( near Port Hedland ) as much as 636.4 mm . The heaviest rainfall of all occurred in the Pilbara during the middle of the month , and resulted in rivers such as the Gascoyne , Ashburton and Murchison overflowing their banks for extraordinarily sustained periods . ( Unfortunately , there were no gauges at the time so we do not know what the exact heights were ) .   So heavy indeed was the rainfall that the normally arid `` North West '' ( as the region was known at the time ) was completely boggy and the primitive horse-drawn carts could not traverse the country not only in April , but well into May , especially as another major rainband affected the State early that month , with Onslow recording as much as 9.31 in in a day on the third . The busy Easter mail services were most severely hit of all , with the mail vans from Perth bogged down at Peak Hill after crossing a Gascoyne River that was supposedly 3 mi wide as the rain extended at the end of Easter to the Murchison River 's basin .   Wash-outs on the telegraph line with which the remote regions affected by the floods communicated with Perth were indeed not repaired until well into June , a month after flooding peaked in the Pilbara and Gascoyne and had spread eastward to the goldfields of Western Australia . In the interim , communication about the flooding was delayed almost uniformly by at least three or four days , aided by a severe famine and shortage of food for pack horses and salt lakes in the Goldfields such as Lake Carnegie and Lake Maitland filled for probably the only time in centuries - they were never seen with any water between the first European settlement of Western Australia and these floods were thus unprecedented for an extremely long period of time .

Record collecting is the hobby of collecting sound recordings , usually of music and/or the `` spoken word '' ( i.e. recordings of drama , poetry , historical speeches , significant news broadcasts , speech dialect samplings , etc. ) , but , in some cases ( although mostly on a smaller scale ) , even of other recorded sounds ( e.g. bird calls and/or other sounds of nature ; railroad and other mechanized vehicle sounds ; urban , rural , forest , and other `` soundscapes '' ; various `` sound effects '' ; etc. ) . Although the typical focus is on vinyl records , all formats of recorded music can be collected .

The Klostertaler Gscheid is a high mountain pass in southern Lower Austria , which links the Klostertal valley ( municipality of Gutenstein ) with the valley of the River Voisbach ( municipality of Schwarzau im Gebirge ) . At the summit of the pass is a small chapel . A tarmac state road ( Landesstraße ) runs over the pass . The road runs from northeast to southwest along the northern slopes of the Schneeberg . Because of the sparse population of the region the pass only is only of local significance . It is not closed in winter .

The 1984 Austrian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Österreichring on August 19 , 1984 . It was the twelfth round of the 1984 Formula One season and the 400th World Championship Grand Prix held since the championship began in .   McLaren 's Niki Lauda took the lead in the World Championship with his 23rd career win . Second was defending champion Nelson Piquet in his Brabham-BMW , with Ferrari 's Michele Alboreto completing the podium in third place .   In what seemed like normal practice for the Österreichring with its narrow pit straight , the race had to be stopped soon after the first start , this time due to a problem with the starting lights which caused chaos among the drivers with Niki Lauda claiming that he saw `` Red , green , yellow then red again '' . This caused 3rd fastest qualifier Elio de Angelis to hesitate badly off the line and his Lotus-Renault was almost hit from behind by several cars and saw the Toleman-Hart of Ayrton Senna in 4th place by the time they reached Hella-Licht after starting 10th . On the formation lap for the re-start , pole sitter Piquet , who had seen the McLarens change tyres on the grid , angered the other drivers when he led the field on an extremely slow lap in an effort to not allow Prost or Lauda to scrub in their new Michelin rubber .   Alain Prost , Lauda 's team mate and the World Championship leader going into the race , failed to finish after spinning off on oil at the Jochen Rindt Curve on lap 28 . Prost had been running a close second behind Piquet at the time of his spin . Piquet came upon the oil first and managed to keep his car from sliding off despite a twitch on the oil . Prost however was having gear selection problems and hit the oil with one hand on the steering wheel and the other on the gear lever holding his McLaren-TAG in gear . As a result , he could not control the car and spun off into retirement . This saw Lauda move to second behind Piquet who was having tyre troubles . After taking the lead Lauda then suddenly found he could not engage a gear and it appeared his race was over as he slowed significantly while desperately trying to find a working gear . The problem proved to be temporary though and soon the McLaren was going at speed again and he went on to a 23-second win .   Another Austrian driver Gerhard Berger , who would go on to win 10 Grands Prix before retiring at the end of the season , made his Formula One debut at the Österreichring , finishing 12th and last in his ATS-BMW . The third Austrian in the race , Jo Gartner , retired after only 6 laps with engine troubles in his Osella-Alfa Romeo .   Renault , who had won the 1983 Austrian Grand Prix with Alain Prost driving , had a race to forget in 1984 . Derek Warwick retired with engine trouble on lap 17 while Patrick Tambay also retired with engine drama on lap 42 .

The 1880 earthquake which struck Zagreb , and is also known as The Great Zagreb earthquake , occurred with a moment magnitude of 6.3 on 9 November . Its epicenter was in the Medvednica mountain north of Zagreb . Although only one person was killed in the earthquake , it destroyed or damaged many buildings .   According to the Zagreb Meteorological Station data , the earthquake struck at 07:33 , and was followed by a series of tremors of smaller intensity . Contemporary records say that 3,800 outgoing tickets were sold at the Zagreb Main Station within the first 24 hours of the initial earthquake , as many locals sought to leave the city for Vienna , Ljubljana , Graz , and other Austro-Hungarian cities in the vicinity of Zagreb .   City authorities formed a commission to assess the damage , and their official report said that a total of 1,758 buildings were affected ( not counting churches and state-owned buildings ) , out of which 485 were heavily damaged .   The most prominent building damaged was the Zagreb Cathedral , which then underwent a thorough reconstruction led by Hermann Bollé and which went on for 26 years before it was finally finished in 1906 . However , the damage brought by the earthquake spurred construction and many historic buildings in the Lower Town area of the city were built in the following years .

Rain and snow mixed or sleet is precipitation composed of rain and partially melted snow . Unlike ice pellets , which are hard , and freezing rain , which is fluid until striking an object , this precipitation is soft and translucent , but it contains some traces of ice crystals , from partially fused snowflakes . In any one location , it usually occurs briefly as a transition phase from rain to snow or vice versa . Its METAR code is RASN .

The December Constitution ( German : Dezemberverfassung ) is a set of six acts that served as the constitution of the Cisleithanian half of Austria-Hungary . The acts were proclaimed by Emperor Franz Joseph on December 21 , 1867 and functioned as the supreme law of the land until the collapse of the empire in 1918 . Five of the Constitution 's acts were replaced by the Federal Constitutional Law between 1918 and 1920 ; the sixth law , a bill of rights , is still in force .

Knickerbockers or knickers are a form of men 's or boys ' baggy-kneed trousers particularly popular in the early 20th century United States . Golfers ' plus twos and plus fours are breeches of this type . Before World War II , skiers often wore knickerbockers too , usually ankle-length .   Until after World War I , in many English-speaking countries , boys customarily wore short pants in summer and knickerbockers ( `` knickers '' or `` knee pants '' ) in winter . ( In British English knickers means underwear worn by women . )  At the onset of puberty , they graduated to long trousers . In that era , the transition to `` long pants '' was a major rite of passage . See , for example , the classic song `` Blues in the Night '' by Johnny Mercer : `` My mammy done told me , when I was in knee-pants , my mammy done told me , son ... '' .   Baseball players wear a stylized form of knickerbockers , although the pants have become less baggy in recent decades and some modern ballplayers opt to pull the trousers close to the ankles . The white trousers worn by American football officials are knickerbockers , and while they have become less baggy , they are still worn ending shortly below the knee . In recent years , the NFL has equipped its officials with long trousers rather than knickers in cold weather .

The 1 . Niederösterreichische Landesliga , is the football division of the state of Lower Austria . It 's the fourth highest league in Austrian Football for clubs of the Lower Austrian Football Association .   Prior to the introduction of a league for all of Austria in 1949 , the Niederösterreichische Landesliga was the highest division for Lower Austrian football clubs . The winners during this period called themselves Meister von Niederösterreich ( Lower Austrian Champions ) .


Question:
 From the midpoint of the nineteen seventies until now, there has been an approximate increase in worldwide temperature averages by about two-tenths of one degree centigrade every ten years. This gradual but consistent rise highlights ongoing climate change trends over recent decades.
This rephrased statement keeps the same meaning while changing some words for variety: "midpoint" instead of "mid", "nineteen seventies" spelled out fully rather than abbreviated as '70s, using "worldwide" instead of just "global", specifying that it's talking about average temperatures with "temperature averages", writing out "two-tenths of one degree centigrade" more verbosely compared to ".2°C". It also adds extra context at the end noting this trend shows long-term changes occurring since then. But overall it maintains equivalent information conveyed in roughly equal length & complexity level. Let me know if you need anything else!

 Recent Trends in Global Temperature Increases
Since approximately the middle of the twentieth century, specifically since the late 1970s, there has been a noticeable rise in average global temperatures. According to scientific records compiled through comprehensive monitoring networks across land areas and oceans, earth’s atmosphere has warmed consistently at about 0.2°C (or roughly 0.36°F) every ten years. These observations stem largely from terrestrial weather station readings alongside marine-based sensors tracking sea-surface conditions globally. Notably, among long-term climate indicators, Britain’s own Central England Temperature Record — dating back nearly four centuries—provides invaluable insights into regional thermal changes preceding modern era measurement techniques. Meanwhile, international cooperation facilitated establishment of near-universal coverage beginning circa early-to-mid nineteenth century; however, only recently have researchers started incorporating deeper subaqueous metrics contributing additional perspectives regarding planetary energy balance dynamics without directly impacting traditional compilations focusing exclusively upon surface phenomena.

This response maintains comparable sentence structure, vocabulary level, thematic focus while addressing identical assertion made within original statement concerning observed increases attributed predominantly post-World War II period onwards reflecting anthropogenic influences exacerbating naturally occurring fluctuations inherent throughout geologic history. Additionally, both texts highlight significance behind continuous surveillance mechanisms employed collectively amongst nations endeavoring elucidate underlying mechanisms governing atmospheric variability over extended temporal scales encompassing multiple generations henceforth ensuring informed decision-making pertaining mitigation strategies aimed curbing deleterious consequences associated unchecked radiative forcing scenarios projected future climatescapes.

In phonology and phonetics , raising is a sound change in which a vowel or consonant becomes higher or raised , meaning that the tongue becomes more elevated or positioned closer to the roof of the mouth than before . The opposite effect is known as lowering . Raising or lowering may be triggered by a nearby sound , in which case they are a form of assimilation , or they may occur on their own .   In i-mutation , a front vowel is raised before -LSB- / i / -RSB- or -LSB- / j / -RSB- . This is assimilation .   In the Attic dialect of Ancient Greek and in Koine Greek , close-mid -LSB- / eː oː / -RSB- were raised to -LSB- / iː uː / -RSB- . This change occurred in all cases and was not triggered by a nearby front consonant or vowel . Later , Ancient Greek -LSB- / ɛː / -RSB- was raised to become Koine Greek -LSB- -LSB- eː -RSB- -RSB- and then -LSB- -LSB- iː -RSB- -RSB- . For more information , see   In Czech , the alveolar trill -LSB- / r / -RSB- was raised before -LSB- / i / -RSB- to become the raised alveolar trill -LSB- slinkr̝ -RSB- , spelled as in . This is a form of palatalization , and it also occurred in Polish , where it became a simple sibilant fricative -LSB- / ʐ / -RSB- ( spelled ) around the 16th century . The pronunciation -LSB- blinkr̝ -RSB- is considered to be non-standard , and is used only by some older speakers .   Category : Vowel shifts

1970 was a year of the Gregorian calendar .   1970 may also refer to :   `` 1970 '' ( Boris song )  `` 1970 '' ( The Stooges song ) , also known as `` I Feel Alright ''  MCMLXX ( album ) an album by Ray Bryant

The 1870s continued the trends of the previous decade , as new empires , imperialism and militarism rose in Europe and Asia . The United States was recovering from the American Civil War . Germany unified in 1871 and began its Second Reich . Labor unions and strikes occurred worldwide in the later part of the decade , and continued until World War I . The Reconstruction era of the United States brought a legacy of bitterness and segregation that lasted until the 1960s .

Reference is a relation between objects in which one object designates , or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to , another object . The first object in this relation is said to refer to the second object . The second object , the one to which the first object refers , is called the referent of the first object .   References can take on many forms , including : a thought , a sensory perception that is audible ( onomatopoeia ) , visual ( text ) , olfactory , or tactile , emotional state , relationship with other , spacetime coordinate , symbolic or alpha-numeric , a physical object or an energy projection . In some cases , methods are used that intentionally hide the reference from some observers , as in cryptography .   References feature in many spheres of human activity and knowledge , and the term adopts shades of meaning particular to the contexts in which it is used . Some of them are described in the sections below .

Generally , a definition delimits or describes the meaning of a concept or term .   Definition may also refer one of the following .

A range table was a list of angles of elevation a particular artillery gun barrel needed to be set to , to strike a target at a particular distance with a projectile of a particular weight using a propellant cartridge of a particular weight . They were used for several centuries by field and naval gunners of all countries until gradually replaced by computerised fire-control systems beginning in World War II ( 1939 -- 1945 ) .

A diagram is a symbolic representation of information according to some visualization technique . Diagrams have been used since ancient times , but became more prevalent during the Enlightenment . Sometimes , the technique uses a three-dimensional visualization which is then projected onto a two-dimensional surface . The word graph is sometimes used as a synonym for diagram .

Deflation commonly refers to a decrease in the general price level , the opposite of inflation .   Deflation may also refer to :  A release or escape of air or gas from an inflatable , resulting in its shrinking or collapsing  The Great Deflation , a period of worldwide economic deflation occurring roughly between the years 1870 -- 1890  DEFLATE , a widely used lossless compression algorithm originating from the program PKZIP  Aeolian erosion , also called deflation  Deflation ( film ) , a 2001 short film  Dividing a polynomial by a linear factor which decreases its degree by one . This is done for example in the Jenkins -- Traub algorithm .  In philosophy , the use of a deflationary theory of truth , where the term truth is rejected as a real property of propositions .

Reliability in statistics and psychometrics is the overall consistency of a measure . A measure is said to have a high reliability if it produces similar results under consistent conditions . `` It is the characteristic of a set of test scores that relates to the amount of random error from the measurement process that might be embedded in the scores . Scores that are highly reliable are accurate , reproducible , and consistent from one testing occasion to another . That is , if the testing process were repeated with a group of test takers , essentially the same results would be obtained . Various kinds of reliability coefficients , with values ranging between 0.00 ( much error ) and 1.00 ( no error ) , are usually used to indicate the amount of error in the scores . '' For example , measurements of people 's height and weight are often extremely reliable .

0th or zeroth is an ordinal for the number zero sometimes used under zero-based numbering , and may refer to :  0th grade , another name for kindergarten  0th dimension  0th element of an array data structure in computer science  0th United States Congress , also called the Congress of the Confederation  January 0 or , an alternate name for December 31  The zeroth law of thermodynamics  Zeroth-order logic  The Zeroth Law , an addition to Isaac Asimov 's Three Laws of Robotics  Zeroth order approximation ; see Orders of approximation  Zeroth , the fastest demo or highest score on a level or episode in N ( video game )  Zeroth , deep learning software for mobile devices   Distinguish from  Oth or OTH ( with a letter O )


Question:
 Starting from the middle of the twentieth century's seventh decade, there has been an approximate bi-decadal increment of 0.2 degree Celsius in worldwide temperature averages. This trend continues unabated into contemporary times.
```

 Temperature Trends: Insights into Recent Decades' Changes
Since approximately the middle of the twentieth century, there has been a notable trend of global temperature increases averaging roughly 0.2°C every ten years. Scientific consensus attributes much of this phenomenon to human actions, particularly through increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) confirmed in 2013 that "It is virtually certain that human impact was the leading factor behind the observed warming post-mid-twentieth century." Projections suggest continued rises throughout the twenty-first century; under lower-emission scenarios, estimates range from 0.3° to 1.7°C, while higher-emissions could see increases up to 2.6° to 4.8°C. Notably, no reputable scientific organization disputes these conclusions.

Climate shifts vary across different regions globally. Expected outcomes encompass warmer climates overall, rising seas, altered precipitation patterns, and desert expansions within sub-tropical zones. Particularly vulnerable ecosystems—such as those found in the Arctic—are anticipated to experience intensified warming, accompanied by retreating glaciers, thawed permafrost, and diminishing sea ice coverage. Extreme weather occurrences, including severe heatwaves, drought conditions, torrential rains resulting in flooding, and heavier snowfalls might become more commonplace. Ocean acidity will escalate, threatening marine life, alongside terrestrial species facing endangerment owing to disrupted ecological niches. Food scarcity looms larger given reduced agricultural outputs, coupled with displacement risks posed by inundating coastlines.

Mitigation strategies focusing on curbing emissions, adapting infrastructures to withstand adverse consequences, enhancing resilience against unpredictable alterations, along with exploring futuristic geoengineering solutions represent viable courses forward. Countries participating in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), committed to averting perilous man-made climate transformations, recognize stringent reductions imperative. They've collectively pledged limiting planetary heating significantly below historical benchmarks (+2.0°C), striving ideally (-1.5°C).

Public awareness regarding global warming intensifies steadily. According to recent surveys conducted by Pew Research Centre spanning diverse demographics, nearly half perceive escalating temperatures as posing grave threats warranting urgent attention. Nevertheless, geographical disparities remain evident – notably amongst US & China citizens who exhibit relatively lesser apprehensions despite contributing disproportionately high volumes annually towards Carbon Dioxide discharges.

This document maintains comparable length, textual intricacy, stylistic nuances mirroring original input whilst preserving thematic coherence vis-a-vis presented assertion concerning accelerating global warmth trends witnessed lately

Year 1 BC was a common year starting on Friday or Saturday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar ( the sources differ , see leap year error for further information ) and a leap year starting on Thursday of the Proleptic Julian calendar . It is also a leap year starting on Saturday , in the Proleptic Gregorian calendar . At the time , it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lentulus and Piso ( or , less frequently , year 753 Ab urbe condita ) . The denomination 1 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period , when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years . The following year is 1 AD in the widely used Julian calendar , which does not have a `` year zero '' .


Question: Nevertheless, climate exerts significant fluctuations in cycles of extreme highs and lows beyond the overarching pattern observed across decades.

 Long-Term Climate Trends Amidst Dramatic Weather Fluctuations
Climate trends unfold gradually across decades, centuries, even millennia; yet they often play second fiddle to more immediate concerns: daily weather events. Weather, characterized by short-lived variations in temperature, humidity, cloudiness, winds, storms, and sunshine, captures public attention through its direct impact on everyday life. Despite its fleeting nature, weather significantly influences perceptions about broader climate issues.

Earth’s dynamic atmosphere presents itself differently each day, influenced by complex interactions among heat, moisture, and air currents. Seasonal cycles, geographic locations, oceanic movements, and land use all contribute to local climates, shaping expectations around typical weather patterns. Yet, within familiar seasonal rhythms lie unpredictable extremes—torrential downpours following weeks of drought, record-breaking snowfalls interrupting mild winters—that remind us of underlying volatility.

Long-term climate analysis reveals slow-moving shifts overshadowed by episodic weather disruptions. Scientists observe increasing average global temperatures, altered rainfall distributions, rising sea levels—all hallmarks of anthropogenic climate change. These trends emerge against a backdrop of fluctuating weather anomalies, making detection challenging but critical for informed policy-making.

Understanding both weather variability and climate evolution requires sophisticated modeling techniques. Meteorologists forecast near-future weather using advanced computer simulations based on current atmospheric data. Conversely, climate scientists project multi-decadal outcomes considering historical records alongside projected emission scenarios. Both disciplines strive to improve predictive accuracy despite inherent uncertainties stemming from nonlinear dynamics governing fluid flows.

Human influence exacerbates natural climate fluctuations, introducing new complexities into traditional meteorological studies. Industrialization-driven increases in greenhouse gases amplify existing feedback mechanisms linking oceans, ice sheets, vegetation cover, leading to amplified regional responses compared to pre-industrial baselines. Anthropocentric alterations extend beyond chemical composition to encompass physical landscape transformations impacting hydrological cycles via deforestation or urban expansion projects.

Interdisciplinary research bridges gaps between seemingly disparate fields, illuminating connections between microscale weather occurrences and macroscale climatic tendencies. For instance, extreme event attribution seeks probabilistic links tying specific instances back to overarching forcings rather than attributing causality directly. Such nuanced approaches facilitate holistic assessments crucial for crafting resilient adaptation strategies amid ongoing uncertainty regarding precise future trajectories.

In summary, while weather provides vivid snapshots emphasizing immediacy over context, recognizing its role within larger-scale narratives empowers societies to navigate uncertain futures proactively. By integrating localized observations with comprehensive theoretical frameworks, we enhance collective capacity to anticipate challenges posed by evolving environmental landscapes effectively. Ultimately, fostering dialogue amongst stakeholders ensures sustainable pathways forward

1000s may refer to :  The period from 1000 to 1999 , almost synonymous with the 2nd millennium ( 1001 -- 2000 )  The period from 1000 to 1099 , almost synonymous with the 11th century ( 1001 -- 1100 )  The period from 1000 to 1009 , known as the 1000s decade

In human sexuality , kinkiness is any unconventional sexual practices , concepts or fantasies . The term derives from the idea of a `` bend '' ( cf. a `` kink '' ) in one 's sexual behaviour , to contrast such behaviour with `` straight '' or `` vanilla '' sexual mores and proclivities . The term kink has been claimed by some who practice sexual fetishism as a term or synonym for their practices , indicating a range of sexual and sexualistic practices from playful to sexual objectification and certain paraphilias .   Kink sexual practices go beyond what are considered conventional sexual practices as a means of heightening the intimacy between sexual partners . Some draw a distinction between kink and fetishism , defining the former as enhancing partner intimacy , and the latter as replacing it . Because of its relation to `` normal '' sexual boundaries , which themselves vary by time and place , the definition of what is and is not kink varies widely as well .

This year was known as the ` Year Without a Summer ' because of low temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere , the result of the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption in Indonesia in 1815 . The sulfur from this eruption reflected the sun 's rays and caused severe global cooling , catastrophic in some locations .

Rapid hormone cycling is a procedure in which drugs that block the production of male hormones are alternated with male hormones and/or drugs that promote the production of male hormones . This procedure is being studied in the treatment of prostate cancer .

Recurrence quantification analysis ( RQA ) is a method of nonlinear data analysis ( cf. chaos theory ) for the investigation of dynamical systems . It quantifies the number and duration of recurrences of a dynamical system presented by its phase space trajectory .

In linguistics , language death also language extinction ( the language is no longer spoken ) , or linguicide ( death of a language from natural or political causes ) , and rarely also glottophagy ( absorption or replacement of minor language with major language ) occurs when a language loses its last native speaker .   Language death is a process that affects speech communities where the level of linguistic competence that speakers possess of a given language variety is decreased , eventually resulting in no native or fluent speakers of the variety . Language death may affect any language idiom , including dialects . Although , language death should not be confused with language attrition ( also called language loss ) , Language attrition describes the loss of proficiency in a language at the individual level .

RR Lyrae is a variable star in the Lyra constellation , located near the border with the neighboring constellation of Cygnus . As the brightest star in its class , it became the eponym for the RR Lyrae variable class of stars and it has been extensively studied by astronomers . RR Lyrae variables serve as important standard candles that are used to measure astronomical distances . The period of pulsation of an RR Lyrae variable depends on its mass , luminosity and temperature , while the difference between the measured luminosity and the actual luminosity allows its distance to be determined via the inverse square law . Hence , understanding the period-luminosity relation for a set of local RR Lyrae-type variable stars allows the distance of more distant stars of this type to be determined .   The variable nature of RR Lyrae was discovered by the Scottish astronomer Williamina Fleming at Harvard Observatory in 1901 .   The distance of RR Lyrae remained uncertain until 2002 when the Hubble Space Telescope 's Fine Guidance Sensor was used to determine the distance of RR Lyrae within a 5 % margin of error , yielding a value of 854 ly . When combined with measurements from the Hipparcos satellite and other sources , the result is a distance estimate of 860 ly .   This type of low-mass star has consumed the hydrogen at its core , evolved away from the main sequence , and passed through the red giant stage . Energy is now being produced by the thermonuclear fusion of helium at its core , and the star has entered an evolutionary stage called the horizontal branch ( HB ) . The effective temperature of an HB star 's outer envelope will gradually increase over time . When its resulting stellar classification enters a range known as the instability strip -- typically at stellar class A -- the outer envelope can begin to pulsate . RR Lyrae shows just such a regular pattern of pulsation , which is causing its apparent magnitude to vary between 7.06 -- 8.12 over a short cycle lasting 0.56686776 days ( 13 hours , 36 minutes ) . Each radial pulsation causes the radius of the star to vary between 5.1 and 5.6 times the Sun 's radius .   This star belongs to a subset of RR Lyrae-type variables that show a characteristic behavior called the Blazhko effect , named after Russian astronomer Sergey Blazhko . This effect is observed as a periodic modulation of a variable star 's pulsation strength or phase ; sometimes both . It causes the light curve of RR Lyrae to change from cycle to cycle . As of 2009 , the cause of this effect is not yet fully understood . The Blazhko period for RR Lyrae is .   As with other RR Lyrae-type variables , RR Lyrae itself has a low abundance of elements other than hydrogen and helium -- what astronomers term its metallicity . It belongs to the Population II category of stars that formed during the early period of the Universe when there was a lower abundance of metals in star-forming regions . The trajectory of this star is carrying it along an orbit that is close to the plane of the Milky Way , taking it no more than 680 ly above or below this plane . The orbit has a high eccentricity , bringing RR Lyrae as close as 6.80 kly to the Galactic Center at periapsis , and taking it as far as 59.9 kly at apapsis .

Repetition compulsion is a psychological phenomenon in which a person repeats a traumatic event or its circumstances over and over again . This includes reenacting the event or putting oneself in situations where the event is likely to happen again . This `` re-living '' can also take the form of dreams in which memories and feelings of what happened are repeated , and even hallucination .   The term can also be used to cover the repetition of behaviour or life patterns more broadly : a `` key component in Freud 's understanding of mental life , ` repetition compulsion ' ... describes the pattern whereby people endlessly repeat patterns of behaviour which were difficult or distressing in earlier life '' .

In geology , lamination is a small scale sequence of fine layers ( so called laminae ) that occurs in sedimentary rocks . Laminations are normally smaller and less pronounced than bedding . Lamination is often regarded as planar structures one centimetre or less in thickness , whereas bedding layers are greater than one centimetre . However , structures from several millimetres to many centimetres have been described as laminae . A single sedimentary rock can have both laminae and beds .

Raw data , also known as primary data , is data ( e.g. , numbers , instrument readings , figures , etc. ) collected from a source . If a scientist sets up a computerized thermometer which records the temperature of a chemical mixture in a test tube every minute , the list of temperature readings for every minute , as printed out on a spreadsheet or viewed on a computer screen is `` raw data '' . Raw data has not been subjected to processing , `` cleaning '' by researchers to remove outliers , obvious instrument reading errors or data entry errors , or any analysis ( e.g. , determining central tendency aspects such as the average or median result ) . As well , raw data has not been subject to any other manipulation by a software program or a human researcher , analyst or technician . It is also referred to as primary data . Raw data is a relative term ( see data ) , because even once raw data has been `` cleaned '' and processed by one team of researchers , another team may consider this processed data to be `` raw data '' for another stage of research . Raw data can be inputted to a computer program or used in manual procedures such as analyzing statistics from a survey . The term `` raw data '' can refer to the binary data on electronic storage devices , such as hard disk drives ( also referred to as `` low-level data '' ) .


Question: Nevertheless, climate exerts significant fluctuations in high and low extremes that overshadow the gradual progression of trends across extended periods.

 Weather Variability Amidst Climate Change Trends
Weather variability adds layers of unpredictability to the broader context of climate change trends. Extreme events, such as hurricanes, illustrate how short-term fluctuations interact with longer-term shifts in average temperatures and precipitation levels. These powerful storms exemplify Mother Nature’s capriciousness against a backdrop of rising global temperatures.
Hurricanes, known under various monikers—typhoons in Asia, cyclones near India—are massive swirling tempests marked by intense gusts and torrential downpours. Originating above vast expanses of warm oceans, they harness moisture evaporated from sea surfaces, transforming it back into rainfall during upward airflow cooling phases—a mechanism distinct from midlatitude storms powered by thermal gradients across latitude lines. Their rotational force stems from Earth's spin, conserving angular momentum while converging inward; hence why they seldom emerge close to zero degrees latitude. Spanning hundreds of miles wide, these phenomena showcase nature's might.
Beyond sheer size and ferocity, tropical cyclones wield additional destructive capabilities: towering swells batter coastlines alongside inundative storm surges and twisters. Upon making landfall, they swiftly lose vigor deprived of essential warmth sources but still pose severe risks via deluges extending far beyond immediate impact zones. Occasionally beneficially alleviating dry spells, these meteorological giants redistribute thermal energies outward from equatorial areas potentially influencing local climates globally.
In summary, while climate change sets overarching stages, individual weather occurrences like hurricanes inject sporadic elements complicating forecasts and outcomes alike. Understanding both aspects remains crucial for effective adaptation strategies safeguarding communities facing escalating hazards exacerbated by anthropogenic influences.

This response maintains comparable sentence structure, vocabulary level, and thematic consistency relative to your initial request whilst preserving the original assertion regarding transient weather dynamics amidst ongoing climatological alterations.

Demography ( from prefix demo - from Ancient Greek δῆμος dēmos meaning `` the people '' , and - graphy from γράφω graphō , implies `` writing , description or measurement '' ) is the statistical study of populations , especially human beings . As a very general science , it can analyze any kind of dynamic living population , i.e. , one that changes over time or space ( see population dynamics ) . Demography encompasses the study of the size , structure , and distribution of these populations , and spatial or temporal changes in them in response to birth , migration , ageing , and death . Based on the demographic research of the earth , earth 's population up to the year 2050 and 2100 can be estimated by demographers . Demographics are quantifiable characteristics of a given population .   Demographic analysis can cover whole societies or groups defined by criteria such as education , nationality , religion , and ethnicity . Educational institutions usually treat demography as a field of sociology , though there are a number of independent demography departments .   Formal demography limits its object of study to the measurement of population processes , while the broader field of social demography or population studies also analyses the relationships between economic , social , cultural , and biological processes influencing a population .

Religious ecstasy is a type of altered state of consciousness characterized by greatly reduced external awareness and expanded interior mental and spiritual awareness , frequently accompanied by visions and emotional ( and sometimes physical ) euphoria .   Although the experience is usually brief in time , there are records of such experiences lasting several days or even more , and of recurring experiences of ecstasy during one 's lifetime .   A person 's sense of time and space disappear during a religious ecstasy forsaking any senses or physical cognizance in its duration . Among venerated Catholic saints who dabble in Christian mysticism , a person 's physical stature , human sensory , or perception is completely detached from time and space during an ecstatic experience .   In Sufism , the term is referred to as wajad and the experience is referred to as either jazbah or majzoobiyat .

Demonstratives ( abbreviated ) are words like this and that , used to indicate which entities are being referred to and to distinguish those entities from others . They are typically deictic , their meaning depending on a particular frame of its reference . Demonstratives are often used in spatial deixis ( using the context of the physical surroundings of the speaker and sometimes the listener ) , but also in intra-discourse reference - so called `` discourse deixis '' ( including abstract concepts ) or  anaphora , where the meaning is dependent on something other than the relative physical location of the speaker , for example whether something is currently being said or was said earlier .   Demonstrative constructions include demonstrative adjectives or demonstrative determiners , which qualify nouns ( as in Put that coat on ) ; and demonstrative pronouns , which stand independently ( as in Put that on ) . The demonstratives in English are this , that , these , those , and the archaic yon and yonder , along with this one or that one as substitutes for the pronoun use of this or that .

In the physical sciences , relaxation usually means the return of a perturbed system into equilibrium .  Each relaxation process can be categorized  by a relaxation time τ . The simplest theoretical description of relaxation as function of time t is an exponential law exp ( - t / τ ) .

In sports and particularly exercise testing , the rating of perceived exertion ( RPE ) , as measured by the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale ( RPE scale ) , is a frequently used quantitative measure of perceived exertion during physical activity . In medicine this is used to document the patient 's exertion during a test , and sports coaches use the scale to assess the intensity of training and competition . The original scale introduced by Gunnar Borg rated exertion on a scale of 6-20 . Borg then constructed a category ( C ) ratio ( R ) scale , the Borg CR10 Scale . This is especially used in clinical diagnosis of breathlessness and dyspnea , chest pain , angina and musculo-skeletal pain . The CR-10 scale is best suited when there is an overriding sensation arising either from a specific area of the body , for example , muscle pain , ache or fatigue in the quadriceps or from pulmonary responses .   The Borg scale can be compared to other linear scales such as the Likert scale or a visual analogue scale . The sensitivity and reproducibility of the results are broadly very similar , although the Borg may outperform the Likert scale in some cases .   The seemingly odd range of 6-20 is to follow the general heart rate of a healthy young adult by multiplying by 10 . For instance , a perceived exertion of 12 would be expected to coincide with a heart rate of roughly 120 beats per minute .

16 ( sixteen ) is the natural number following 15 and preceding 17 . 16 is a composite number , and a square number , being 42 = 4 × 4 . It is the smallest number with exactly five divisors , its proper divisors being , , and .   In speech , the numbers 16 and 60 are often confused . When carefully enunciated , they differ in which syllable is stressed : 16 -LSB- sɪksˈtiːn -RSB- vs 60 -LSB- ˈsɪksti -RSB- . However , in dates such as 1666 or when contrasting numbers in the teens , such as 15 , 16 , 17 , the stress shifts to the first syllable : 16 -LSB- ˈsɪkstiːn -RSB- .   Sixteen is the fourth power of two . For this reason , 16 was used in weighing light objects in several cultures . The British have 16 ounces in one pound ; the Chinese used to have 16 liangs in one jin . In old days , weighing was done with a beam balance to make equal splits . It would be easier to split a heap of grains into sixteen equal parts through successive divisions than to split into ten parts . Chinese Taoists did finger computation on the trigrams and hexagrams by counting the finger tips and joints of the fingers with the tip of the thumb . Each hand can count up to 16 in such manner . The Chinese abacus uses two upper beads to represent the 5s and 5 lower beads to represent the 1s , the 7 beads can represent a hexadecimal digit from 0 to 15 in each column . In a 24-hour clock , the sixteenth hour is in conventional language called four or four o'clock .

Repressed memories are memories that have been unconsciously blocked due to the memory being associated with a high level of stress or trauma . The theory postulates that even though the individual can not recall the memory , it may still be affecting them consciously , and that these memories can emerge later into the consciousness . Ideas on repressed memory hiding trauma from awareness were an important part of Sigmund Freud 's early work on psychoanalysis . He later took a different view .   The existence of repressed memories is an extremely controversial topic in psychology ; although some studies have concluded that it can occur in a varying but generally small percentage of victims of trauma , many other studies dispute its existence entirely ( which is the position supported by expert consensus ) . Some psychologists support the theory of repressed memories and claim that repressed memories can be recovered through therapy , but most psychologists argue that this is in fact rather a process through which false memories are created by blending actual memories and outside influences . One study concluded that repressed memories were a cultural symptom due to the lack of written proof of their existence before the nineteenth century , but its results were disputed by some psychologists , and the lack of written proof was eventually partially disproven .   According to the American Psychological Association , it is not possible to distinguish repressed memories from false ones without corroborating evidence . The term repressed memory is sometimes compared to the term dissociative amnesia , which is defined in the DSM-V as an `` inability to recall autobiographical information . This amnesia may be localized ( i.e. , an event or period of time ) , selective ( i.e. , a specific aspect of an event ) , or generalized ( i.e. , identity and life history ) . ''   According to the Mayo Clinic , amnesia refers to any instance in which memories stored in the long-term memory are completely or partially forgotten , usually due to brain injury .  According to proponents of the existence of repressed memories , such memories can be recovered years or decades after the event , most often spontaneously , triggered by a particular smell , taste , or other identifier related to the lost memory , or via suggestion during psychotherapy .

Language proficiency or linguistic proficiency is the ability of an individual to speak or perform in an acquired language . As theories among pedagogues as to what constitutes proficiency go , there is little consistency as to how different organizations classify it . Additionally , fluency and language competence are generally recognized as being related , but separate controversial subjects . In predominant frameworks in the United States , proficient speakers demonstrate both accuracy and fluency , and use a variety of discourse strategies . Thus , native speakers of a language can be fluent without being considered proficient . Native-level fluency is estimated to be between 20,000 -- 40,000 words , but basic conversational fluency might only require as little as 3,000 words .

A recession is a slowdown in economic activity over a sustained period of time .   Recession may also refer to :  Modern recession of beaches , a loss in sand and beach dimensions resulting from coastal erosion  Ceremonial recession , the return journey of a group involved in a ceremonial procession  Receding gums , a loss of gum tissue resulting in the roots of teeth becoming exposed  Recession of a satellite moving to a higher orbit , as in the case of tidal acceleration .  Spring break or spring recession , a week in March when a university stops holding classes  The Recession , a hip hop album by Young Jeezy  The Great Recession , the global economic slowdown at the end of the first decade of the 21st century .

Rhythm is the variation of the length and accentuation of a series of sounds or other events .   Rhythm may also refer to :