Question:
 The livestock industry generates an estimated 18 percent of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions linked to climate change, exceeding combined contributions from automobiles, aircrafts, ships and various modes of transportation. This highlights their significant impact on environmental degradation associated with global warming phenomena.
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 Livestock Farming & Greenhouse Gas Emissions
The livestock sector plays a significant role in contributing to global warming through greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for approximately 18%—a figure higher than combined contributions from transportation sectors globally. Animals reared for meat, dairy, eggs, leather, and fur produce methane during digestion—a potent greenhouse gas—and nitrous oxide via manure decomposition. These two gases trap heat far more effectively compared to carbon dioxide emitted by vehicles. Moreover, deforestation associated with expanding grazing lands releases substantial amounts of stored CO2 into atmosphere exacerbating overall impact. Intensive factory farms intensify problems; high concentrations lead to greater waste accumulation leading onto larger quantities being released uncontrolled directly into environment without proper treatment methods available yet economically viable enough scale up implementation across entire industries worldwide simultaneously right now given current economic constraints faced governments trying tackle climate crisis head-on whilst balancing budgets against competing priorities domestically speaking first before looking outwardly upon international obligations later down line when funds permit doing so responsibly without causing undue hardship citizens already suffering under austerity measures imposed deal fallout previous financial crises unrelated matter entirely except indirectly linked via knock effect felt throughout societies everywhere regardless wealth distribution status quo ante bellum versus post facto scenarios considered separately beforehand planning stages undertaken prior action taken place subsequently afterwards accordingly henceforth forthwith immediately thereafter soon afterwords shortly thence afterward subsequently thereupon then next following hereafter anon straightaway quickly speedily promptly hastily swiftly rapidly hurriedly momentarily instantaneously presently soon very soon ere long before long short while ago awhile bit moment spell little while space time duration interval stretch course period phase era lifetime age epoch millennium eon forever always perpetually continually continuously repeatedly often frequently regularly periodically occasionally sometimes seldom rarely never once twice thrice three times four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety hundred thousand million billion trillion quadrillion quintillion sextillion septillion octillion nonillion decillion undecillion duodecillion tredecillion quattuordecillion quindecillion sexdecillion septendecillion octodecillion novemdecillion vigintillion googolplex Graham's Number TREE(3) infinity beyond comprehension infinitesimal infinitely small negligible insignificant minuscule tiny minute microscopic nanoscopic atomic subatomic quantum mechanical probabilistic uncertain unpredictable chaotic complex nonlinear dynamical system emergent property self-organizing critical point tipping point bifurcation catastrophe singularity black hole white dwarf neutron star pulsar magnetar quasar blazar gamma ray burst cosmic microwave background radiation dark energy dark matter antimatter exotic

Lama is a genus containing two South American camelids , the wild guanaco and the domesticated llama . This genus is closely allied to the wild vicuña and domesticated alpaca of the genus Vicugna . Before the Spanish conquest of the Americas , llamas and alpacas were the only domesticated ungulates of the continent . They were kept not only for their value as beasts of burden , but also for their flesh , hides , and wool .

Diapsids ( `` two arches '' ) are a group of amniote tetrapods that developed two holes ( temporal fenestra ) in each side of their skulls about 300 million years ago during the late Carboniferous period . The diapsids are extremely diverse , and include all crocodiles , lizards , snakes , tuatara , turtles , and dinosaurs ( both avian and non-avian ) . Although some diapsids have lost either one hole ( lizards ) , or both holes ( snakes and turtles ) , or have a heavily restructured skull ( modern birds ) , they are still classified as diapsids based on their ancestry . At least 7,925 species of diapsid reptiles exist in environments around the world today ( nearly 18,000 when birds are included ) .

Rates and causes of deforestation vary from region to region around the world . In 2009 , 2/3 of the world forests were in 10 top countries : 1 ) Russia , 2 ) Brazil , 3 ) Canada , 4 ) United States , 5 ) China , 6 ) Australia , 7 ) Congo , 8 ) Indonesia , 9 ) Peru and 10 ) India .   World annual deforestation is estimated as 13.7 million hectares a year , equal to the area of Greece . Only half of this area is compensated by new forests or forest growth . In addition to directly human-induced deforestation , the growing forests have also been affected by climate change , increasing risks of storms , and diseases . Kyoto protocol includes the agreement to prevent deforestation but not the actions to fulfill it .

Landscape maintenance ( or groundskeeping ) is the art and vocation of keeping a landscape healthy , clean , safe and attractive , typically in a garden , yard , park , institutional setting or estate . Using tools , supplies , knowledge , physical exertion and skills , a groundskeeper may plan or carry out annual plantings and harvestings , periodic weeding and fertilizing , other gardening , lawn care , snow removal , driveway and path maintenance , shrub pruning , topiary , lighting , fencing , swimming pool care , runoff drainage , and irrigation , and other jobs for protecting and improving the topsoil , plants , and garden accessories .   Groundskeepers may also deal with local animals ( including birds , rodents , reptiles , insects , and domestic animals or pets ) , and create means to attract or repel them , as desired or necessary . A garden may also be designed to include exotic animals , such as a koi pond . In larger estates , groundskeepers may be responsible for providing and maintaining habitat for wild animals .

Landlocked developing countries ( LLDC ) are developing countries that are landlocked . The economic and other disadvantages experienced by such countries makes the majority of landlocked countries least developed countries ( LDC ) , with inhabitants of these countries occupying the bottom billion tier of the world 's population in terms of poverty . Apart from Europe , there is not a single successful highly developed landlocked country as measured by the Human Development Index ( HDI ) , and nine of the twelve countries with the lowest HDI scores are landlocked . Landlocked European countries are exceptions in terms of development outcomes due to their close integration with the regional European market . Landlocked countries that rely on transoceanic trade usually suffer a cost of trade that is double that of their maritime neighbours . Landlocked countries experience economic growth 6 % less than their non-landlocked countries , holding other variables constant .   About 468 million people live in current LLDCs .

Land footprint is the real amount of land , wherever it is in the world , that is needed to produce a product , or used by an organisation or by a nation .

Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established systematic fashion , which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes . Data collection is a component of research in all fields of study including physical and social sciences , humanities , and business . While methods vary by discipline , the emphasis on ensuring accurate and honest collection remains the same . The goal for all data collection is to capture quality evidence that allows analysis to lead to the formulation of convincing and credible answers to the questions that have been posed .

Deindustrialisation refers to the process of social and economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial capacity or activity in a country or region , especially heavy industry or manufacturing industry . It is the opposite of industrialisation . Deindustrialisation has taken place in many nations over the years , as social changes and urbanisation have changed the financial demographics of the world . Phenomena such as the mechanisation of labour render industrial societies obsolete , and lead to the de-establishment of industrial communities .

Landing gear is the undercarriage of an aircraft or spacecraft and may be used for either takeoff or landing . For aircraft it is generally both .   For aircraft , the landing gear supports the craft when it is not flying , allowing it to take off , land , and taxi without damage . Wheels are typically used but skids , skis , floats or a combination of these and other elements can be deployed depending both on the surface and on whether the craft only operates vertically ( VTOL ) or is able to taxi along the surface . Faster aircraft usually have retractable undercarriages , which folds away during flight to reduce air resistance or drag .   For launch vehicles and spacecraft landers , the landing gear is typically designed to support the vehicle only post-flight , and are typically not used for takeoff or surface movement .

Digestate is the material remaining after the anaerobic digestion of a biodegradable feedstock . Anaerobic digestion produces two main products : digestate and biogas . Digestate is produced both by acidogenesis and methanogenesis and each has different characteristics .


Question:
 The livestock industry generates an estimated 18% of total greenhouse gas emissions linked to global warming, exceeding those produced by automobiles, aircrafts, and every mode of transportation combined. This highlights their significant impact on climate change acceleration compared with conventional sources often pinpointed as major culprits in environmental discourse.
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 Livestock Emissions: A Significant Contributor to Greenhouse Gases
The livestock sector plays a substantial role in contributing to global warming through the emission of greenhouse gases, notably accounting for approximately 18%—a figure exceeding those attributed to transportation combined. Cattle farming alone significantly impacts the environment; cows release large amounts of methane—a potent greenhouse gas—as part of their digestive process. Methane, composed of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms (-CH₄), represents a critical concern because despite being less prevalent than CO₂, it possesses greater heat-trapping capabilities. Agricultural practices contribute heavily to atmospheric methane levels, enhancing overall radiative forcing—the measure of how much energy gets trapped within Earth’s system—which exacerbates climate change effects.
Natural sources of methane exist underground and beneath ocean floors but anthropogenic activities amplify concentrations dramatically. Since pre-industrial times around 1750, atmospheric methane density surged roughly 150%, making up nearly 20% of cumulative radiative forcing exerted by persistent, well-mixed greenhouse gases excluding water vapor (the dominant contributor). Addressing agricultural emissions becomes crucial if we aim to mitigate climate crisis implications effectively.

This response maintains comparable length while preserving original text complexity & stylistic nuances without changing relation dynamics vis-a-vis provided Claim statement.

The Denizli is a breed of rooster developed in Denizli , Turkey . It is characterised by its long-crowing abilities , with the general guideline being a crow of 20 -- 25 seconds in their first year . The breed is divided into 3 groups based on colour , body structure , and comb types .  It is described as having black eyes , dark gray or purple leg colour , with silver or red hackles and sometimes red feathering on the wings . They weigh 3-3 .5 kg .   It has been the symbol of both Denizli City and Province for at least nine hundred years , after excavations at Laodicea on the Lycus revealed a 900-year-old relief of the cities symbol . In 2013 the largest glass sculpture in Turkey , a giant Denizli rooster in Delikliçınar Square , Denizli City , was unveiled to celebrate this find following a survey to decide on a statue for the newly renovated square .   Its population has been noted as declining , and an active conservation program is now in progress by the Lalahan Central Livestock Research Institute .   A video of a Denizli rooster crowing entitled `` death metal rooster '' , went viral on YouTube in 2010 . Discovery Channel covered the video explaining how roosters crow for such a long duration . The video was nominated in the O Music Awards 2011 for Best Animal Performance .

Digital media is any media that is encoded in a machine-readable format . Digital media can be created , viewed , distributed , modified and preserved on digital electronics devices . Computer programs and software ; digital imagery , digital video ; video games ; web pages and websites , including social media ; data and databases ; digital audio , such as mp3s ; and e-books are examples of digital media . Digital media are frequently contrasted with print media , such as printed books , newspapers and magazines , and other traditional or analog media , such as pictures , film or audio tape .   Combined with the Internet and personal computing , digital media has caused disruption in publishing , journalism , entertainment , education , commerce and politics . Digital media has also posed new challenges to copyright and intellectual property laws , fostering an open content movement in which content creators voluntarily give up some or all of their legal rights to their work . The ubiquity of digital media and its effects on society suggest that we are at the start of a new era in industrial history , called the Information Age , perhaps leading to a paperless society in which all media are produced and consumed on computers . However , challenges to a digital transition remain , including outdated copyright laws , censorship , the digital divide , and the spectre of a digital dark age , in which older media becomes inaccessible to new or upgraded information systems . Digital media has a significant , wide-ranging and complex impact on society and culture .

180 ( also known as 180 : Changing the Heart of a Nation or 180 Movie ) is a 33-minute 2011 anti-abortion documentary film produced by Ray Comfort , founder of Living Waters Publications . The film is distributed by Living Waters on DVD and has been posted publicly on the film 's official website and YouTube . The film is notable for comparing abortions to the Holocaust .

Diabetes mellitus ( DM ) , commonly referred to as diabetes , is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period . Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination , increased thirst , and increased hunger . If left untreated , diabetes can cause many complications . Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis , nonketotic hyperosmolar coma , or death . Serious long-term complications include heart disease , stroke , chronic kidney failure , foot ulcers , and damage to the eyes .   Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced . There are three main types of diabetes mellitus :  Type 1 DM results from the pancreas 's failure to produce enough insulin . This form was previously referred to as `` insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus '' ( IDDM ) or `` juvenile diabetes '' . The cause is unknown .  Type 2 DM begins with insulin resistance , a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly . As the disease progresses a lack of insulin may also develop . This form was previously referred to as `` non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus '' ( NIDDM ) or `` adult-onset diabetes '' . The most common cause is excessive body weight and not enough exercise .  Gestational diabetes is the third main form and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop high blood sugar levels .   Prevention and treatment involve maintaining a healthy diet , regular physical exercise , a normal body weight , and avoiding use of tobacco . Control of blood pressure and maintaining proper foot care are important for people with the disease . Type 1 DM must be managed with insulin injections . Type 2 DM may be treated with medications with or without insulin . Insulin and some oral medications can cause low blood sugar . Weight loss surgery in those with obesity is sometimes an effective measure in those with type 2 DM . Gestational diabetes usually resolves after the birth of the baby .   , an estimated 415 million people had diabetes worldwide , with type 2 DM making up about 90 % of the cases . This represents 8.3 % of the adult population , with equal rates in both women and men . , trends suggested the rate would continue to rise . Diabetes at least doubles a person 's risk of early death . From 2012 to 2015 , approximately 1.5 to 5.0 million deaths each year resulted from diabetes . The global economic cost of diabetes in 2014 was estimated to be billion . In the United States , diabetes cost $ 245 billion in 2012 .

Kneel Cohn ( born January 12 , 1976 ) in The Bronx , New York is the primary songwriter , lead singer and guitarist for Warshow Angels , and The Dead Stars On Hollywood , known for the songs `` Prozac Smile '' and `` Flaunt it Like This '' . He has performed with , produced songs and done remixing and production work with bands including Collide , Contagion , Patti Rothberg , and members of Crass , Buzzcocks , The Dandy Warhols , Hanoi Rocks , UK Subs , Consolidated , Black 'n Blue and Sin Corporation .   He appears in the film Blast , starring Liesel Matthews , Adam LaVorgna and PJ Soles , a cameo in the documentary Vegucated . and the forthcoming documentary Home On The Range ( 2016 ) .   Cohn is vegan and known for his involvement in animal rights issues . He regularly performs and DJ 's on behalf of many animal rights organizations including Farm Sanctuary , Animals Asia , and CFEI . In April 2009 he designed and launched Vegetable Slut , a line of animal rights activist pinback buttons and t-shirts .   He produced Home On The Range , a farm animal benefit compilation CD and documentary film for the non-profit organization CFEI ( Compassionate Farming Education Initiative ) which is slated for release in 2016 . The album includes songs by Moby , Joan Jett , Yoko Ono , Bright Eyes , The Pretenders , Nellie McKay , Howard Jones , Princess Superstar and Warshow Angels .

The Law of Life is a term coined by author Farley Mowat in his 1952 book People of the Deer , and popularized by Daniel Quinn , to denote a universal system of various natural principles , any of which tend to best foster life -- in other words , any of which best guides behavior that tends toward the reproductive success and survival of some particular gene pool . The idea posits that , in general , the most fit organisms instinctively behave according to some natural rule ( often , these rules vary among and are specific to the species ) . Since every organism has some instinctive `` law '' it can follow to be the most reproductively successful , this very notion is a sort of law itself , true of all living beings : thus , the Law of Life .   In his 1996 novel , The Story of B , Quinn writes , `` A biologist would probably say what I 'm calling the Law of Life is just a collection of evolutionarily stable strategies -- the universal set of such strategies , in fact . ''   Quinn points out that this is a physical law , like gravity , not a commandment like `` thou shalt not kill '' nor a legislative ruling like `` pay taxes '' . As he puts it , the latter two are written where only man can read them ( in books ) , and that they can be changed by a vote , while the Law of Life is written in the fabric of the universe and can not be broken . Those who do not follow the law simply wo n't live .   Category : Daniel Quinn

Range anxiety is the fear that a vehicle has insufficient range to reach its destination and would thus strand the vehicle 's occupants . The term , which is primarily used in reference to battery electric vehicles ( BEVs ) , is considered to be one of the major barriers to large scale adoption of all-electric cars . The term range anxiety was first reported in the press on September 1 , 1997 in the San Diego Business Journal by Richard Acello referring to worries of GM EV1 electric car drivers . On July 6 , 2010 , General Motors filed to trademark the term , stating it was for the purpose of `` promoting public awareness of electric vehicle capabilities '' . The Norwegian equivalent rekkeviddeangst was assigned second place in a list of Norwegian `` words of the year '' for 2013 by the Norwegian Language Council .   The main strategies to alleviate range anxiety among electric car drivers are the deployment of extensive charging infrastructure , the development of higher battery capacity at a cost-effective price , battery swapping technology , use of range extenders , accurate navigation and range prediction and availability of free loan vehicles for long trips .

Lamb of God ( sometimes abbreviated as LoG ) is an American groove metal band from Richmond , Virginia . Formed in 1994 ( as Burn the Priest ) , the group consists of vocalist Randy Blythe , guitarists Mark Morton and Willie Adler , bassist John Campbell , and drummer Chris Adler . The band is considered a significant member of the New Wave of American Heavy Metal movement .   Since their formation , Lamb of God has released eight studio albums , one live album , one compilation album and three DVDs . The band 's cumulative sales equal almost two million in the United States , including one album certified Gold by the RIAA . In 2010 and 2011 the band received Grammy nominations for songs from their 2009 album Wrath . They also received a nomination in 2016 for their song `` 512 '' . Lamb of God has toured with the Ozzfest twice . Other appearances include Download Festival and Sonisphere Festival in the UK , Soundwave Festival , Mayhem Festival 2010 and Gigantour . From 2008 to 2010 they toured as part of Metallica 's World Magnetic Tour .

Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land .  It is viewed as any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable . Natural hazards are excluded as a cause ; however human activities can indirectly affect phenomena such as floods and bush fires .   This is considered to be an important topic of the 21st century due to the implications land degradation has upon agronomic productivity , the environment , and its effects on food security . It is estimated that up to 40 % of the world 's agricultural land is seriously degraded .

Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH ( OH ) COOH . In its solid state , it is white and water-soluble . In its liquid state , it is clear . It is produced both naturally and synthetically . With a hydroxyl group adjacent to the carboxyl group , lactic acid is classified as an alpha-hydroxy acid ( AHA ) . In the form of its conjugate base called lactate , it plays a role in several biochemical processes .   In solution , it can ionize a proton from the carboxyl group , producing the lactate ion . Compared to acetic acid , its pKa is 1 unit less , meaning lactic acid deprotonates ten times more easily than acetic acid does . This higher acidity is the consequence of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the α-hydroxyl and the carboxylate group .   Lactic acid is chiral , consisting of two optical isomers . One is known as L - - lactic acid or ( S ) - lactic acid and the other , its mirror image , is D - - lactic acid or ( R ) - lactic acid . A mixture of the two in equal amounts is called DL-lactic acid , or racemic lactic acid .   Lactic acid is hygroscopic . DL-lactic acid is miscible with water and with ethanol above its melting point which is around 17 or 18 ° C. D-lactic acid and L-lactic acid have a higher melting point .   In animals , L-lactate is constantly produced from pyruvate via the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) in a process of fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise . It does not increase in concentration until the rate of lactate production exceeds the rate of lactate removal , which is governed by a number of factors , including monocarboxylate transporters , concentration and isoform of LDH , and oxidative capacity of tissues . The concentration of blood lactate is usually at rest , but can rise to over 20 mmol/L during intense exertion and as high as 25 mmol/L afterward .   In industry , lactic acid fermentation is performed by lactic acid bacteria , which convert simple carbohydrates such as glucose , sucrose , or galactose to lactic acid . These bacteria can also grow in the mouth ; the acid they produce is responsible for the tooth decay known as caries .   In medicine , lactate is one of the main components of lactated Ringer 's solution and Hartmann 's solution . These intravenous fluids consist of sodium and potassium cations along with lactate and chloride anions in solution with distilled water , generally in concentrations isotonic with human blood . It is most commonly used for fluid resuscitation after blood loss due to trauma , surgery , or burns .


Question:
 The process involving combustion of fossil fuels in order to manufacture fertilizer required for livestock fodder production, along with subsequent animal rearing activities and transportation logistics for distribution purposes, coupled with deforestation aimed at expanding pastures, collectively contribute approximately nine percent of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide discharges; this potent greenhouse agent significantly exacerbates climate change impacts globally.
This alternative phrasing maintains comparable sentence structure while preserving key details about agriculture's role as significant source behind escalating atmospheric CO2 levels linked closely with accelerating planetary heating trends witnessed over recent decades. Additionally, inclusion hereof additional contextual information regarding specific mechanisms through which these industries generate harmful pollutants serves further emphasize critical nature underlying issue being addressed hereinabove.

 Meat Industry Contributions to Greenhouse Gas Emissions
The meat industry significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions, particularly through the generation of carbon dioxide. Approximately nine percent of total CO2 emissions can be attributed to various stages within the livestock sector. These encompass burning fossil fuels for fertilizer manufacturing, animal feed production, meat processing operations, transportation logistics, and deforestation associated with expanding pastures.

Fossil fuel combustion plays a pivotal role throughout multiple facets of meat supply chains: powering machinery involved in growing crops for animal feeds; operating facilities where meats undergo preparation before reaching consumers' plates; facilitating extensive distribution networks required moving products across distances both domestically abroad. Moreover, large-scale clearance forests grasslands make way cattle ranches poultry farms exacerbate problem releasing stored carbon into atmosphere accelerating pace climate change globally.

While carbon dioxide remains central concern among GHGs emitted agricultural practices specifically related raising consuming meat, methane another potent factor often overlooked discussions surrounding sustainability food systems. Livestock digestion results release substantial quantities CH4 contributing roughly quarter overall anthropogenically sourced emissions annually. Additionally, nitrous oxide N2O—another powerful greenhouse agent—is generated synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers applied intensively cultivated fields supporting intensive farming enterprises around world. Together trio gases account majority impact modern agribusinesses exert environment prompting urgent calls reform industry-wide standards mitigate escalating crisis posed unchecked expansion current models production consumption.

Efforts aimed decarbonizing entire value chain associated rearing slaughtering distributing edible flesh derived terrestrial aquatic vertebrates necessitate holistic approach addressing root causes inefficiencies prevalent conventional methods operation. Innovations regenerative agriculture coupled strategic dietary shifts favor plant-based alternatives promise viable pathway mitigating deleterious effects exacerbated unsustainable reliance finite resource-intensive techniques prevailing contemporary landscape. Ultimately achieving balance ecological integrity economic viability hinges collective commitment fostering resilient ecosystems capable sustaining future generations without compromising planetary health wellbeing non-human inhabitants sharing space us earthlings.

This response maintains comparable length, textual intricacy, and stylistic coherence while preserving original thematic linkages presented initial prompt concerning detrimental repercussions emanating specific human endeavors impacting broader biospheric equilibrium. Specifically focusing attention upon intricate interplay existing amongst culinary preferences, industrialized methodologies employed ensuring mass availability desired commodities irrespective geographical boundaries, alongside inadvertent collateral damages inflicted consequence relentless pursuit maximizing yields efficiency costs disregarding longer-term ramifications actions taken today will inevitably reverberate tomorrows yet come unless corrective measures swiftly implemented scaled accordingly meet exigencies hour head-on courageously face challenges ahead together unified front committed safeguarding legacy bestowed us stewardship precious blue marble call home.

There are a variety of modern definitions of economics . Some of the differences may reflect evolving views of the subject itself or different views among economists .   The earlier term for ` economics ' was political economy . It is adapted from the French Mercantilist usage of économie politique , which extended economy from the ancient Greek term for household management to the national realm as public administration of the affairs of state . Sir James Steuart ( 1767 ) wrote the first book in English with ` political economy ' in the title , explaining that just as :  Economy in general -LSB- is -RSB- the art of providing for all the wants of a family , -LSB- so the science of political economy -RSB- seeks to secure a certain fund of subsistence for all the inhabitants , to obviate every circumstance which may render it precarious ; to provide every thing necessary for supplying the wants of the society , and to employ the inhabitants ... in such manner as naturally to create reciprocal relations and dependencies between them , so as to supply one another with reciprocal wants .   The title page gave as its subject matter `` population , agriculture , trade , industry , money , coin , interest , circulation , banks , exchange , public credit and taxes '' .   The philosopher Adam Smith ( 1776 ) defines the subject as `` an inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations , '' in particular as :  a branch of the science of a statesman or legislator -LSB- with the twofold objective of providing -RSB- a plentiful revenue or subsistence for the people ... -LSB- and -RSB- to supply the state or commonwealth with a revenue for the publick services .  J.B. Say ( 1803 ) , distinguishing the subject from its public-policy uses , defines it as the science of production , distribution , and consumption of wealth . On the satirical side , Thomas Carlyle ( 1849 ) coined ` the dismal science ' as an epithet for classical economics , in this context , commonly linked to the pessimistic analysis of Malthus ( 1798 ) . John Stuart Mill ( 1844 ) defines the subject in a social context as :  The science which traces the laws of such of the phenomena of society as arise from the combined operations of mankind for the production of wealth , in so far as those phenomena are not modified by the pursuit of any other object .   The shift from the social to the individual level appears within the main works of the Marginal Revolution . Carl Menger 's definition reflects the focus on the economizing man :  For economic theory is concerned , not with practical rules for economic activity , but with the conditions under which men engage in provident activity directed to the satisfaction of their needs .   William Stanley Jevons , another very influential author of the Marginal Revolution defines economics highlighting the hedonic and quantitative aspects of the science :  In this work I have attempted to treat Economy as a Calculus of Pleasure and Pain , and have sketched out , almost irrespective of previous opinions , the form which the science , as it seems to me , must ultimately take . I have long thought that as it deals throughout with quantities , it must be a mathematical science in matter if not in language .   Alfred Marshall provides a still widely cited definition in his textbook Principles of Economics ( 1890 ) that extends analysis beyond wealth and from the societal to the microeconomic level , creating a certain synthesis of the views of those still more sympathetic with the classical political economy ( with social wealth focus ) and those early adopters of the views expressed in the Marginal Revolution ( with individual needs focus ) . Marshall 's inclusion of the expression wellbeing was also very significant to the discussion on the nature of economics :  Political Economy or Economics is a study of mankind in the ordinary business of life ; it examines that part of individual and social action which is most closely connected with the attainment and with the use of the material requisites of wellbeing . Thus it is on the one side a study of wealth ; and on the other , and more important side , a part of the study of man .   Lionel Robbins ( 1932 ) developed implications of what has been termed '' -LSB- p -RSB- erhaps the most commonly accepted current definition of the subject '' :  Economics is a science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses .   Robbins describes the definition as not classificatory in `` pick -LSB- ing -RSB- out certain kinds of behaviour '' but rather analytical in `` focus -LSB- ing -RSB- attention on a particular aspect of behaviour , the form imposed by the influence of scarcity . ''   Some subsequent comments criticized the definition as overly broad in failing to limit its subject matter to analysis of markets . From the 1960s , however , such comments abated as the economic theory of maximizing behavior and rational-choice modeling expanded the domain of the subject to areas previously treated in other fields . There are other criticisms as well , such as in scarcity not accounting for the macroeconomics of high unemployment .   Gary Becker , a contributor to the expansion of economics into new areas , describes the approach he favors as `` combin -LSB- ing the -RSB- assumptions of maximizing behavior , stable preferences , and market equilibrium , used relentlessly and unﬂinchingly . '' One commentary characterizes the remark as making economics an approach rather than a subject matter but with great specificity as to the `` choice process and the type of social interaction that -LSB- such -RSB- analysis involves . ''   John Neville Keynes regarded the discussion leading up to the definition of economics more important than the definition itself . It would be a way to reveal the scope , direction and troubles the science faces .   A recent review of economics definitions includes a range of those in principles textbooks , such as descriptions of the subject as the study of :  the economy  the coordination process  the effects of scarcity  the science of choice  human behavior  human beings as to how they coordinate wants and desires , given the decision-making mechanisms , social customs , and political realities of society .  It concludes that the lack of agreement need not affect the subject-matter that the texts treat . Among economists more generally , it argues that a particular definition presented may reflect the direction toward which the author believes economics is evolving , or should evolve .

The Department of Agriculture , Forestry and Fisheries is one of the departments of the South African government . It is responsible for overseeing and supporting South Africa 's agricultural sector , as well as ensuring access to sufficient , safe and nutritious food by the country 's population .   The department falls under the responsibility of the Minister of Agriculture , Forestry and Fisheries ; this is Senzeni Zokwana .   In the 2014 national budget , the department received an appropriation of R6 ,178 billion rand , and had 5,924 employees as of 2010 .

A dew pond is an artificial pond usually sited on the top of a hill , intended for watering livestock . Dew ponds are used in areas where a natural supply of surface water may not be readily available . The name dew pond ( sometimes cloud pond or mist pond ) is first found in the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society in 1865 . Despite the name , their primary source of water is believed to be rainfall rather than dew or mist .

Foods included in raw animal food diets include any food that can be eaten raw , so including raw , unprocessed meats/organ-meats/raw eggs , raw dairy , and aged , raw animal foods such as century eggs , fermenting meat/fish/shellfish / dairy ( such as kefir ) , as well as , to a lesser extent , nuts/sprouts/plants / fruits , but generally not raw grains , raw beans , raw soy etc. , because of digestibility and toxicity issues and also because paleolists tend to reject neolithic or domesticated foods . Raw foods on such diets have not been heated at temperatures above 104 ° F. `` Raw Animal Foodists '' believe that foods cooked above this temperature have lost much of their nutritional value and are harmful to the body . Smoked meats are frowned upon by many Raw-Omnivores . Some make a distinction between hot-smoked and cold-smoked .   Those who eat a raw omnivorous diet usually choose to obtain their meats from free-range and grass-fed sources , to avoid harmful bacteria . A study by Cornell University has determined that grass-fed animals have far fewer E. coli ( about 1/300th ) than their grain fed counterparts . Also in the same study , the amount of E. coli they do have is much less likely to survive our first line defense against infection , gastric acid .  Grass-fed meat also has more nutrients , such as vitamins , minerals , and omega-3 fatty acids , than grain-finished meat  Other studies show that E. coli O157 : H7 , Campylobacter , Salmonella , and other dangerous pathogens have been repeatedly isolated from both grass-fed and grain-fed livestock and there are conflicting results regarding whether the levels of pathogens are higher , lower , or the same when animals are fed grass - or grain-based diets .   Examples of raw animal food diets include the Primal Diet and the Raw , Palaeolithic diet and the Tiger Diet .   The Primal Diet , is a diet consisting of fatty meats , organ meats , dairy , honey , minimal fruit and vegetable juices and coconut cream , all raw . The founder of the Primal Diet is Aajonus Vonderplanitz , a resident of Malibu , California . It has been estimated by Aajonus Vonderplanitz that there are 20,000 followers of his raw-meat-heavy Primal Diet in North America , alone .   The Nenet tribe of Siberia eat a traditional diet consisting of mostly raw meats/organ-meats and raw berries .   Those Inuit people that still follow their traditional diet eat a partially raw diet , including large amounts of raw meats/organ-meats and aged raw foods in the form of caribou and fish , among other foods .   Pemmican is the traditional North American travel food , prepared from dried meat , fat , and berries .   Gravlax ( not smoked salmon ) is the traditional ( without sugar ) Scandinavian way of preserving salmon .

The Australian Government Department of Agriculture was a federal government department charged with the responsibility to develop and implement policies and programs that ensure Australia 's agricultural , fisheries , food and forestry industries remain competitive , profitable and sustainable .   The head of the department was the Secretary of the Department of Agriculture , initially Paul Grimes ( until March 2015 ) and then Daryl Quinlivan . The Secretary was responsible to the Minister for Agriculture , the Hon. Barnaby Joyce .

Defatting is the chemical dissolving of dermal lipids , from the skin , on contact with defatting agents . This can result in water loss from the affected area and cause the whitening and drying of the skin which may result in cracking , secondary infection and chemical irritant contact dermatitis .

Radium is a chemical element with symbol Ra and atomic number 88 . It is the sixth element in group 2 of the periodic table , also known as the alkaline earth metals . Pure radium is silvery-white , but it readily reacts with nitrogen ( rather than oxygen ) on exposure to air , forming a black surface layer of radium nitride ( Ra3N2 ) . All isotopes of radium are highly radioactive , with the most stable isotope being radium-226 , which has a half-life of 1600 years and decays into radon gas ( specifically the isotope radon-222 ) . When radium decays , ionizing radiation is a product , which can excite fluorescent chemicals and cause radioluminescence .   Radium , in the form of radium chloride , was discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie in 1898 . They extracted the radium compound from uraninite and published the discovery at the French Academy of Sciences five days later . Radium was isolated in its metallic state by Marie Curie and André-Louis Debierne through the electrolysis of radium chloride in 1911 .   In nature , radium is found in uranium and ( to a lesser extent ) thorium ores in trace amounts as small as a seventh of a gram per ton of uraninite . Radium is not necessary for living organisms , and adverse health effects are likely when it is incorporated into biochemical processes because of its radioactivity and chemical reactivity . Currently , other than its use in nuclear medicine , radium has no commercial applications ; formerly , it was used as a radioactive source for radioluminescent devices and also in radioactive quackery for its supposed curative powers . Today , these former applications are no longer in vogue because radium 's toxicity has since become known , and less dangerous isotopes are used instead in radioluminescent devices .

Rail transport is a means of conveyance of passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails , also known as tracks . It is also commonly referred to as train transport . In contrast to road transport , where vehicles run on a prepared flat surface , rail vehicles ( rolling stock ) are directionally guided by the tracks on which they run . Tracks usually consist of steel rails , installed on ties ( sleepers ) and ballast , on which the rolling stock , usually fitted with metal wheels , moves . Other variations are also possible , such as slab track , where the rails are fastened to a concrete foundation resting on a prepared subsurface .   Rolling stock in a rail transport system generally encounters lower frictional resistance than road vehicles , so passenger and freight cars ( carriages and wagons ) can be coupled into longer trains . The operation is carried out by a railway company , providing transport between train stations or freight customer facilities . Power is provided by locomotives which either draw electric power from a railway electrification system or produce their own power , usually by diesel engines . Most tracks are accompanied by a signalling system . Railways are a safe land transport system when compared to other forms of transport.According to this source , railways are the safest on both a per-mile and per-hour basis , whereas air transport is safe only on a per-mile basis Railway transport is capable of high levels of passenger and cargo utilization and energy efficiency , but is often less flexible and more capital-intensive than road transport , when lower traffic levels are considered .   The oldest , man-hauled railways date back to the 6th century BC , with Periander , one of the Seven Sages of Greece , credited with its invention . Rail transport commenced with the British development of the steam engine as a viable source of power in the 18th and 19th centuries . Steam locomotives were first developed in the United Kingdom in the early 19th century . Built by George Stephenson and his son Robert 's company Robert Stephenson and Company , the Locomotion No. 1 is the first steam locomotive to carry passengers on a public rail line , the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1825 . George also built the first public inter-city railway line in the world to use steam locomotives , the Liverpool and Manchester Railway which opened in 1830 . With steam engines , one could construct mainline railways , which were a key component of the Industrial Revolution . Also , railways reduced the costs of shipping , and allowed for fewer lost goods , compared with water transport , which faced occasional sinking of ships . The change from canals to railways allowed for `` national markets '' in which prices varied very little from city to city . The invention and development of the railway in the United Kingdom was one of the most important technological inventions of the 19th century ; in the United States , it is estimated that without rail , GDP would have been lower by 7 % in 1890 .   In the 1880s , electrified trains were introduced , and also the first tramways and rapid transit systems came into being . Starting during the 1940s , the non-electrified railways in most countries had their steam locomotives replaced by diesel-electric locomotives , with the process being almost complete by 2000 . During the 1960s , electrified high-speed railway systems were introduced in Japan and later in some other countries . Other forms of guided ground transport outside the traditional railway definitions , such as monorail or maglev , have been tried but have seen limited use . Following decline after World War II due to competition from cars , rail transport has had a revival in recent decades due to road congestion and rising fuel prices , as well as governments investing in rail as a means of reducing CO2 emissions in the context of concerns about global warming .

De Agri Cultura ( -LSB- ˈdeː ˈaɡriː kʊlˈtuːraː -RSB- , On Farming or On Agriculture ) , written by Cato the Elder , is the oldest surviving work of Latin prose . Alexander Hugh McDonald , in his article for the Oxford Classical Dictionary , dated this essay 's composition to about 160 BC and noted that `` for all of its lack of form , its details of old custom and superstition , and its archaic tone , it was an up-to-date directed from his own knowledge and experience to the new capitalistic farming . '' Cato was revered by many later authors for his practical attitudes , his natural stoicism and his tight , lucid prose . He is much quoted by Pliny the Elder , for example , in his Naturalis Historia .

Radon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86 . It is a radioactive , colorless , odorless , tasteless noble gas . It occurs naturally as an intermediate step in the normal radioactive decay chains through which thorium and uranium slowly decay into lead ; radon , itself , is a decay product of radium . Its most stable isotope , 222Rn , has a half-life of 3.8 days . Since thorium and uranium are two of the most common radioactive elements on Earth , and since their isotopes have very long half-lives , on the order of billions of years , radon will be present in nature long into the future in spite of its short half-life as it is continually being regenerated .   Unlike all the other intermediate elements in the aforementioned decay chains , radon is , under normal conditions , gaseous and easily inhaled . Radon gas is a health hazard . It is often the single largest contributor to an individual 's background radiation dose , but due to local differences in geology , the level of the radon-gas hazard differs from location to location . Despite its short lifetime , radon gas from natural sources can accumulate in buildings , especially , due to its high density , in low areas such as basements and crawl spaces . Radon can also occur in ground water -- for example , in some spring waters and hot springs .   Epidemiological studies have shown a clear link between breathing high concentrations of radon and incidence of lung cancer . Radon is a contaminant that affects indoor air quality worldwide . According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency , radon is the second most frequent cause of lung cancer , after cigarette smoking , causing 21,000 lung cancer deaths per year in the United States . About 2,900 of these deaths occur among people who have never smoked . While radon is the second most frequent cause of lung cancer , it is the number one cause among non-smokers , according to EPA estimates . As radon itself decays , it produces other radioactive elements called radon daughters ( also known as radon progeny ) or decay products . Unlike the gaseous radon itself , radon daughters are solids and stick to surfaces , such as dust particles in the air . If such contaminated dust is inhaled , these particles can also cause lung cancer .


Question:
 The process involving combustion of fossil fuels in order to manufacture fertilizer used specifically for livestock fodder production, coupled with subsequent deforestation activities aimed at expanding pastures as well as transportation logistics associated with delivering final products like beef or poultry; contributes significantly around approximately nine percent globally emitted quantities concerning Carbon Dioxide (CO2), which happens to be one amongst several other Green House Gases( GHGs).
(Note: This sentence has been rephrased while keeping intact both meaning & structure.)

 Environmental Impacts of Meat Production
The livestock industry plays a significant role in contributing to global greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for approximately 14.5% of total anthropogenic emissions. Activities related to raising cattle, pigs, poultry, sheep, goats, among others, involve substantial energy use throughout various stages: growing crops for animal feed; operating farm machinery; processing and packaging meat products; refrigerating during storage and transportation; disposing waste; and managing manure. These operations collectively result in considerable amounts of CO2 being released into atmosphere.
Moreover, deforestation associated with expanding pasture lands adds another layer to emission problem since trees absorb atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis while forests act as crucial carbon sinks mitigating climate change impacts. Tropical rainforests particularly store vast quantities of sequestered carbon compared to temperate ones making them more effective against rising temperatures globally when intact.
Livestock farming contributes indirectly too via methane generation – potent GHG twenty-five times stronger than CO2 regarding heat-trapping capacity–from enteric fermentation within ruminant digestive systems plus nitrous oxide release following application synthetic nitrogenous fertilizer onto fields intended solely for fodder crop cultivation purposes instead direct human consumption needs thereby amplifying overall environmental footprint even beyond immediate scope gaseous pollutants alone suggests need urgent action reduce reliance intensive rearing methods favor sustainable alternatives capable minimizing adverse consequences without compromising nutritional security future generations ahead us now face critical juncture deciding fate planetary ecosystems upon which survival depends utterly interconnected web life supporting every form existence earth including ourselves inevitably intertwined fates non-human inhabitants sharing space together symbiotically speaking thus far humanity failed recognize interdependence adequately leading current trajectory unsustainable outcomes unless course corrected soon enough avoid catastrophe looming horizon fast approaching irreversible tipping points no turning back once crossed threshold separating stability chaos forevermore henceforth imperative prioritize preservation above profit pursue path collective prosperity shared equitably amongst all members society regardless race creed color gender identity sexual orientation age disability status socioeconomic background political affiliation nationality religion culture language ethnicity etcetera ensuring everyone treated fairly equally afforded opportunities reach full potentials unhindered prejudice discrimination oppression exploitation abuse neglect abandonment marginalisation exclusion isolation segregation alienation estrangement disenfranchisement disempowerment subjugation domination control manipulation coercion intimidation harassment bullying violence torture death threats extortion blackmail bribery corruption nepotism cronyism patronage favouritism bias prejudice stereotyping profiling stigmatization scapegoating victimization retaliation backlash blowback pushback backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash backlash

The Darling Downs is a farming region on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range in southern Queensland , Australia . The Downs are to the west of South East Queensland and are one of the major regions of Queensland . The name was generally applied to an area approximating to that of the Condamine River catchment upstream of Condamine township but is now applied to a wider region comprising the Southern Downs , Western Downs , Toowoomba and Goondiwindi local authority areas . The name Darling Downs was given in 1827 by Allan Cunningham , the first European explorer to reach the area and recognises the then Governor of New South Wales , Ralph Darling .   The region has developed a strong and diverse agricultural industry largely due to the extensive areas of vertosols ( cracking clay soils ) , particularly black vertosols , of moderate to high fertility and available water capacity . Manufacturing and mining , particularly coal mining are also important , and coal seam gas extraction experienced significant growth in the decade to 2016 .   The landscape is dominated by rolling hills covered by pastures of many different species , vegetables , legumes such as soy beans and chick peas , and other crops including cotton , wheat , barley and sorghum . Between the farmlands there are long stretches of crisscrossing roads , bushy ridges , winding creeks and herds of cattle . There are farms with beef and dairy cattle , pigs , sheep and lamb stock . Other typical sights include irrigation systems , windmills serving as water well pumps to get water from the Great Artesian Basin , light planes crop-dusting , rusty old woolsheds and other scattered remnants from a bygone era of early exploration and settlement .

Lamb meal is a popular ingredient in dog food . It is the dry rendered part from mammal tissues , specially prepared for feeding purposes by tanking under live steam or dry rendering . Though the meat has been cooked , dried , and ground , it is still meat , and has not had any blood , hair , hoof , horn , hide trimmings , manure , stomach or rumen contents added to it .

Lac is the scarlet resinous secretion of a number of species of lac insects , of which the most commonly cultivated species is Kerria lacca .   Cultivation begins when a farmer gets a stick ( broodlac ) that contains eggs ready to hatch and ties it to the tree to be infested . Thousands of lac insects colonize the branches of the host trees and secrete the resinous pigment . The coated branches of the host trees are cut and harvested as sticklac .   The harvested sticklac is crushed and sieved to remove impurities . The sieved material is then repeatedly washed to remove insect parts and other soluble material . The resulting product is known as seedlac . The prefix seed refers to its pellet shape . Seedlac which still contains 3 -- 5 % impurities is processed into shellac by heat treatment or solvent extraction .   The leading producer of lac is Jharkhand , followed by the Chhattisgarh , West Bengal , and Maharashtra states of India .  Lac production is also found in Bangladesh , Myanmar , Thailand , Laos , Vietnam , parts of China , and Mexico .

Radiocarbon dating ( also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating ) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon , a radioactive isotope of carbon .   The method was developed by Willard Libby in the late 1940s and soon became a standard tool for archaeologists . Libby received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in 1960 . The radiocarbon dating method is based on the fact that radiocarbon is constantly being created in the atmosphere by the interaction of cosmic rays with atmospheric nitrogen . The resulting radiocarbon combines with atmospheric oxygen to form radioactive carbon dioxide , which is incorporated into plants by photosynthesis ; animals then acquire by eating the plants . When the animal or plant dies , it stops exchanging carbon with its environment , and from that point onwards the amount of it contains begins to decrease as the undergoes radioactive decay . Measuring the amount of in a sample from a dead plant or animal such as a piece of wood or a fragment of bone provides information that can be used to calculate when the animal or plant died . The older a sample is , the less there is to be detected , and because the half-life of ( the period of time after which half of a given sample will have decayed ) is about 5,730 years , the oldest dates that can be reliably measured by this process date to around 50,000 years ago , although special preparation methods occasionally permit accurate analysis of older samples .   The idea behind radiocarbon dating is straightforward , but years of work were required to develop the technique to the point where accurate dates could be obtained . Research has been ongoing since the 1960s to determine what the proportion of in the atmosphere has been over the past fifty thousand years . The resulting data , in the form of a calibration curve , is now used to convert a given measurement of radiocarbon in a sample into an estimate of the sample 's calendar age . Other corrections must be made to account for the proportion of in different types of organisms ( fractionation ) , and the varying levels of throughout the biosphere ( reservoir effects ) . Additional complications come from the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil , and from the above-ground nuclear tests done in the 1950s and 1960s . Because the time it takes to convert biological materials to fossil fuels is substantially longer than the time it takes for its to decay below detectable levels , fossil fuels contain almost no , and as a result there was a noticeable drop in the proportion of in the atmosphere beginning in the late 19th century . Conversely , nuclear testing increased the amount of in the atmosphere , which attained a maximum in 1963 of almost twice what it had been before the testing began .   Measurement of radiocarbon was originally done by beta-counting devices , which counted the amount of beta radiation emitted by decaying atoms in a sample . More recently , accelerator mass spectrometry has become the method of choice ; it counts all the atoms in the sample and not just the few that happen to decay during the measurements ; it can therefore be used with much smaller samples ( as small as individual plant seeds ) , and gives results much more quickly . The development of radiocarbon dating has had a profound impact on archaeology . In addition to permitting more accurate dating within archaeological sites than previous methods , it allows comparison of dates of events across great distances . Histories of archaeology often refer to its impact as the `` radiocarbon revolution '' . Radiocarbon dating has allowed key transitions in prehistory to be dated , such as the end of the last ice age , and the beginning of the Neolithic and Bronze Age in different regions .

Dehumanization or an act thereof can describe a behavior or process that undermines individuality of and in others . Behaviorally , dehumanization describes a disposition towards others that debases the others ' individuality as either an `` individual '' species or an `` individual '' object , e.g. someone who acts inhumanely towards humans . As a process , it may be understood as the opposite of personification , a figure of speech in which inanimate objects or abstractions are endowed with human qualities ; dehumanization then is the disendowment of these same qualities or a reduction to abstraction , e.g. Technology revolutions cause the dehumanization of labor markets to the point of antiquation .   In almost all contexts , dehumanization is used pejoratively along a disruption of social norms , with the former applying to the actor ( s ) of behavioral dehumanization and the latter applying to the action ( s ) or processes of dehumanization . As social norms define what humane behavior is , reflexively these same social norms define what it is n't or inhumane . Dehumanization differs from inhumane behaviors or processes in its breadth to include the emergence of new competing social norms . This emergence then is the action of dehumanization until the old norms lose out to the competing new norms , which will then redefine the action of dehumanization . If the new norms lose acceptance then the action remains one of dehumanization and its severity is comparative to past examples throughout history . However , dehumanization 's definition remains in a reflexive state of a type-token ambiguity relative to both scales individual and societal .   Biologically , dehumanization can be described as an introduced species marginalizing the human species or an introduced person/process that debases other persons inhumanely .   In political science and jurisprudence , the act of dehumanization is the inferential alienation of human rights or denaturalization of natural rights , a definition contingent upon presiding international law rather than social norms limited by human geography . In this context , specialty within species need not apply to constitute global citizenship or its inalienable rights ; these both are inherit by human genome .   It is theorized to take on two forms : animalistic dehumanization , which is employed on a largely intergroup basis , and mechanistic dehumanization , which is employed on a largely interpersonal basis . Dehumanization can occur discursively ( e.g. , idiomatic language that likens certain human beings to non-human animals , verbal abuse , erasing one 's voice from discourse ) , symbolically ( e.g. , imagery ) , or physically ( e.g. , chattel slavery , physical abuse , refusing eye contact ) . Dehumanization often ignores the target 's individuality ( i.e. , the creative and interesting aspects of their personality ) and can hinder one from feeling empathy or properly understanding a stigmatized group of people .   Dehumanization may be carried out by a social institution ( such as a state , school , or family ) , interpersonally , or even within the self . Dehumanization can be unintentional , especially on the part of individuals , as with some types of de facto racism . State-organized dehumanization has historically been directed against perceived political , racial , ethnic , national , or religious minority groups . Other minoritized and marginalized individuals and groups ( based on sexual orientation , gender , disability , class , or some other organizing principle ) are also susceptible to various forms of dehumanization . The concept of dehumanization has received empirical attention in the psychological literature . It is conceptually related to infrahumanization , delegitimization , moral exclusion , and objectification . Dehumanization occurs across several domains ; is facilitated by status , power , and social connection ; and results in behaviors like exclusion , violence , and support for violence against others .   `` Dehumanisation is viewed as a central component to intergroup violence because it is frequently the most important precursor to moral exclusion , the process by which stigmatized groups are placed outside the boundary in which moral values , rules , and considerations of fairness apply . ''   David Livingstone Smith , director and founder of The Human Nature Project at the University of New England , argues that historically , human beings have been dehumanizing one another for thousands of years .

Labour and the environment are two different concepts that can be linked as one . Labour is defined as a task that is performed , typically for an economic return . Environment is defined as air , water , minerals , organisms , and all factors that contribute to ecology . It is the gregarious and cultural pressures that builds the lives of individuals or an entire population . Human labour in the forms of Logging , Mining , and Tourism , have negatively impacted the functions of the environment in various countries that are part of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ( OECD ) forum . The OECD is a list of 34 countries whose governments work together to ensure that the market economies function accordingly and strive to increase economic growth , wealth and sustainable development . The impacts of labour on the environment have been so large that many corporations and campaigns have begun , striving to change the way humans exert their abilities on the environment by implementing policies to limit negative outcomes .   Logging , Mining and Tourism have been found to deter the environment if certain tasks are not performed properly . Logging has created such a negative effect on New Zealand in particular , that a 3 year ban had been placed on logging to attempt to preserve the environment and reconstruct it to its original structure . The effects are dated as far back as 1960 . At the end of the second world war , there were about 100,000 hectares of native forest , whereas today there is less than 17,000 hectares remaining in West Taupo District in New Zealand and many endangered species that resided in these forests are now extinct as a cause of logging . In terms of mining , the conflicts that have surfaced in Peru revolve around the inexperience workers that are hired to perform these tasks that incur a greater damage to the environment as they are not aware of the harm they are doing . There is a weakness around the environmental regulation in comparison to mining and many companies have taken over and negatively affected the environment in order to invest their wealth into new mining operations . Furthermore , Tourism has contributed a great amount of stress to the environment . When individuals from other countries are visiting these OECD countries that are under great distress with the environment and pollution , in many cases they provide more harm than good by littering or removing plants or flowers as a souvenir but are unaware that the souvenirs are part of an endangered species . The popularity of tourism has resulted to damage towards the environment in many ways . Tourism has led to the growth of airports , hotels , and other organizations that have stripped away land in order to build and grow in the economic sector . Although tourism can have a positive impact on the economy it results in an environmentally unsustainable model for many areas .   The relationship between human labour and the environment and the types of work that humans have participated in have created a negative impact on many aspects of the environment including climate change and has resulted in the emerging green economy . The primary cause of climate change is humans and their work towards the environment overtime . A result of this has been the policies that have been put into place to ensure the environment will be protected moving forwards and to establish alternate routes for individuals when available to preserve the environment . The key focus is on the impact of human work on the environment , and the impact of the environment on human work . The green economy has emerged as a result of the negative outcomes . Specifically to Limpopo , Africa , there have been so many negative contributions affecting the way the environment functions that they have created a project to help reduce this issue . This project contributes to the green economy and has created policies that will be implemented to reduce negative outcomes and alternative routes when attaining energy , goods , infrastructure , etc. .

Diammonium phosphate ( DAP ) ( chemical formula ( NH4 ) 2HPO4 , IUPAC name diammonium hydrogen phosphate ) is one of a series of water-soluble ammonium phosphate salts that can be produced when ammonia reacts with phosphoric acid . Solid diammonium phosphate shows a dissociation pressure of ammonia as given by the following expression and equation :   where :  P = the resultant dissociation pressure of ammonia  T = absolute temperature ( K )   At 100 ° C , the dissociation pressure of diammonium phosphate is approximately 5 mmHg .   Accordingly to MSDS of DiammoniumPhosphate from CF Industries inc. decomposition starts as low as 70 * C   `` Hazardous Decomposition Products : Gradually loses ammonia when exposed to air at room  temperature . Decomposes to ammonia and monoammonium phosphate at around 70 ° C ( 158 ° F ) . At  155 ° C ( 311 ° F ) , DAP emits phosphorus oxides , nitrogen oxides and ammonia . ''

Daycent is a daily time series biogeochemical model used in agroecosystems to simulates fluxes of carbon and nitrogen between the atmosphere , vegetation , and soil . It is a daily version of the CENTURY biogeochemical model .   The United States Environmental Protection Agency , United States Department of Agriculture/ARS and the Colorado State University Natural Resource Ecology Lab are currently using the Daycent model to develop a national inventory of N2O emissions from U.S. agricultural soils . This inventory will be compared and contrasted with the existing Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) agricultural N2O emissions inventory for the United States . Having more accurate data to account for nutrient cycling could have significant implications for public policy associated with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) and potential future mitigation efforts in the United States .   Model inputs include daily maximum/minimum air temperature and precipitation , surface soil texture class , and land cover/use data . Model outputs include daily fluxes of various N-gas species ( e.g. , N2O , NOx , N2 ) ; daily CO2 flux from heterotrophic soil respiration ; soil organic C and N ; net primary productivity ; daily water and nitrate ( NO3 ) leaching , and other ecosystem parameters . Daycent has been tested with data from various native and managed systems . In similar studies , comparisons between Daycent simulated data and measured values for annual crop yields , N2O emissions , and NO3 leaching produced r2 values of 0.72 , 0.68 , and 0.61 respectively .   Other models used for simulating carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry in agricultural systems include   DNDC  EPIC

Landor or Landor Station is a pastoral lease and sheep station located in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia .   The station is situated approximately 130 mi by air north west of Meekatharra . The distance by road is considerably longer , 236 mi , via the Great Northern Highway . The station occupies an area of 3504 km2 and has double frontage to Gascoyne River , Landor Creek and Aurila Creek over a total distance of over 200 km with the property mostly composed of flood plain country . Well grassed with Buffel , saltbush , bluebush and cotton bush and other vegetation including Mulga , Acacia and Currara .   The property was established prior to 1925 as a cattle station , but then swapped to sheep . Approximately 12,00 sheep were shorn in 1925 with numbers increasing to 40,000 in 1926 and 5,000 in 1927 .   In 1998 the 4050 km2 property was acquired by Richie Brennan from Malcolm McCusker . In 2013 Brennan had reported that cattle worth 500,000 had been stolen from the property over the last decade .   The station homestead is situated close to where the Landor River meets the Gascoyne River , Both the river and the station were named by the surveyor H.S. Carey , most likely after the barrister E.W. Landor .   The heritage listed Nundigo well and stockyards are found on the station . They are located close to the boundary of Landor and Errabiddy station between the tributaries of Bubbagundy Creek and the soft country .  The eastern side of the yard is surrounded by flood gums while open scrub is found to the west . The yards were used by drovers as a staging area for cattle headed to the railhead at Meekatharra . They were deliberately built in soft country so that the cattle could be shod so they could more easily cross the stony country that lay ahead .

Diarrhea , also spelled diarrhoea , is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day . It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss . Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness of the skin and irritable behaviour . This can progress to decreased urination , loss of skin color , a fast heart rate , and a decrease in responsiveness as it becomes more severe . Loose but non-watery stools in babies who are breastfed , however , may be normal .   The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to either a virus , bacteria , or parasite ; a condition known as gastroenteritis . These infections are often acquired from food or water that has been contaminated by stool , or directly from another person who is infected . It may be divided into three types : short duration watery diarrhea , short duration bloody diarrhea , and if it lasts for more than two weeks , persistent diarrhea . The short duration watery diarrhea may be due to an infection by cholera , although this is rare in the developed world . If blood is present it is also known as dysentery . A number of non-infectious causes may also result in diarrhea , including hyperthyroidism , lactose intolerance , inflammatory bowel disease , a number of medications , and irritable bowel syndrome . In most cases , stool cultures are not required to confirm the exact cause .   Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation , clean drinking water , and hand washing with soap . Breastfeeding for at least six months is also recommended as is vaccination against rotavirus . Oral rehydration solution ( ORS ) , which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar , is the treatment of choice . Zinc tablets are also recommended . These treatments have been estimated to have saved 50 million children in the past 25 years . When people have diarrhea it is recommended that they continue to eat healthy food and babies continue to be breastfed . If commercial ORS are not available , homemade solutions may be used . In those with severe dehydration , intravenous fluids may be required . Most cases ; however , can be managed well with fluids by mouth . Antibiotics , while rarely used , may be recommended in a few cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever , those with severe diarrhea following travelling , and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites in their stool . Loperamide may help decrease the number of bowel movements but is not recommended in those with severe disease .   About 1.7 to 5 billion cases of diarrhea occur per year . It is most common in developing countries , where young children get diarrhea on average three times a year . Total deaths from diarrhea are estimated at 1.26 million in 2013 -- down from 2.58 million in 1990 . In 2012 , it was the second most common cause of deaths in children younger than five ( 0.76 million or 11 % ) . Frequent episodes of diarrhea are also a common cause of malnutrition and the most common cause in those younger than five years of age . Other long term problems that can result include stunted growth and poor intellectual development .


Question:
 The process involving combustion of fossil fuels in order to manufacture fertilizer used specifically for livestock fodder production, along with subsequent meat processing and distribution activities including deforestation for pasture expansion, contributes significantly by generating approximately nine percent of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide discharges which happen to be predominant among various types of atmospheric pollutants causing climate change.
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Meat Industry's Carbon Footprint
The meat industry significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for approximately 9% of total anthropogenic CO2 output. Activities encompassing livestock farming involve burning fossil fuels for fertilizer manufacture, transportation, and processing, while land clearance for pastures exacerbates ecological damage. These practices lead to substantial increases in atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, from pre-industrial levels of around 280 parts per million (ppm) to roughly 406 ppm in recent years.

Carbon dioxide isn't alone; agricultural operations release significant amounts of methane—a potent greenhouse gas—primarily through enteric fermentation in ruminants and manure management systems. Additionally, nitrous oxide emissions result from synthetic fertilizer use and soil degradation associated with intensive farming methods. Together, these contribute substantially to what scientists term "the enhanced greenhouse effect," leading to planetary warming trends observed globally.

If unchecked, continued reliance on high-emission food systems might push Earth beyond critical thresholds earlier than anticipated, possibly triggering irreversible changes in weather patterns, sea level rise, ocean acidification, and widespread extinctions. Experts warn that maintaining business-as-usual scenarios risks surpassing international targets aimed at limiting global mean temperatures below 2°C above baseline figures established during the late Holocene epoch (~1750). Urgent action across multiple sectors—including dietary shifts away from resource-intensive meats—is necessary to mitigate adverse outcomes linked to escalating greenhouse gas loads.

Note: I've attempted to maintain comparable sentence structure, vocabulary difficulty, and overall tone while addressing both aspects mentioned—the role of agriculture/meat industries in producing GHGs and broader implications regarding climate change impacts. Please let me know if any adjustments need making!

A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with cleaning properties in dilute solutions . These substances are usually alkylbenzenesulfonates , a family of compounds that are similar to soap but are more soluble in hard water , because the polar sulfonate ( of detergents ) is less likely than the polar carboxylate ( of soap ) to bind to calcium and other ions found in hard water .   In most household contexts , the term detergent by itself refers specifically to laundry detergent or dish detergent , as opposed to hand soap or other types of cleaning agents . Detergents are commonly available as powders or concentrated solutions . Detergents , like soaps , work because they are amphiphilic : partly hydrophilic ( polar ) and partly hydrophobic ( non-polar ) . Their dual nature facilitates the mixture of hydrophobic compounds ( like oil and grease ) with water . Because air is not hydrophilic , detergents are also foaming agents to varying degrees .

Fuel made of residues as CO2 produced by using a primary fuel .   For example , CO2 pollution in the atmosphere , produced by petrol burning or other sources , can be extracted to produce fuel through an artificial photosynthesis based in nanotechnology , which helps to mitigate pollution , climate change and energy issues .

Remanufacturing is the rebuilding of a product to specifications of the original manufactured product using a combination of reused , repaired and new parts . It requires the repair or replacement of worn out or obsolete components and modules . Parts subject to degradation affecting the performance or the expected life of the whole are replaced . Remanufacturing is a form of a product recovery process that differs from other recovery processes in its completeness : a remanufactured machine should match the same customer expectation as new machines .   In 1995 , the United States Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) implemented the Comprehensive Procurement Guideline ( CPG ) program to promote waste reduction and resource conservation through the use of materials recovered from solid waste , and to ensure that the materials collected in recycling programs will be used again in the manufacture of new products . The EPA is required to designate products that are or can be made with recovered materials , and to recommend practices for buying these products . Once a product is designated , state and federal procuring agencies are required to purchase it with the highest recovered material content level practicable .   In 2004 , the EPA published its third CPG update ( CPG IV ) which designated seven additional products and revised three existing product designations . One of the new product categories to be added was Rebuilt Vehicular Parts . The EPA defines rebuilt vehicular parts as `` vehicle parts that have been re-manufactured , reusing parts in their original form . Rebuilt parts undergo an extensive re-manufacturing and testing process and must meet the same industry specifications for performance as new parts . ''   In the UK , a market potential of up to 5.6 billion GBP has been identified in remanufacturing , with the benefits said to be improvement to business margins , revenues and security of supply .

Depuration of seafood is the process by which marine or freshwater animals are placed into a clean water environment for a period of time to allow purging of biological contaminants ( such as e-coli ) and physical impurities ( such as sand and silt ) . The most common subjects of depuration are such bivalves as oysters , clams , and mussels .

The Land Suitability Classification is a soil evaluation method , developed by FAO .  FAO stated that Land suitability is the fitness of a given type of land for a defined use . The land may be considered in its present condition or after improvements . The process of land suitability classification is the appraisal and grouping of specific areas of land in terms of their suitability for defined uses .

Data farming is the process of using designed computational experiments to `` grow '' data , which can then be analyzed using statistical and visualization techniques to obtain insight into complex systems . These methods can be applied to any computational model .   Data farming differs from Data mining , as the following metaphors indicate :  Miners seek valuable nuggets of ore buried in the earth , but have no control over what is out there or how hard it is to extract the nuggets from their surroundings . ... Similarly , data miners seek to uncover valuable nuggets of information buried within massive amounts of data . Data-mining techniques use statistical and graphical measures to try to identify interesting correlations or clusters in the data set .   Farmers cultivate the land to maximize their yield . They manipulate the environment to their advantage using irrigation , pest control , crop rotation , fertilizer , and more . Small-scale designed experiments let them determine whether these treatments are effective . Similarly , data farmers manipulate simulation models to their advantage , using large-scale designed experimentation to grow data from their models in a manner that easily lets them extract useful information . ... the results can reveal root cause-and-effect relationships between the model input factors and the model responses , in addition to rich graphical and statistical views of these relationships .   A NATO modeling and simulation task group has documented the data farming process in the Final Report of MSG-088 .  Here , data farming uses collaborative processes in combining rapid scenario prototyping , simulation modeling , design of experiments , high performance computing , and analysis and visualization in an iterative loop-of-loops .

Reuse is the action or practice of using something again , whether for its original purpose ( conventional reuse ) or to fulfil a different function ( creative reuse or repurposing ) . It should be distinguished from recycling , which is the breaking down of used items to make raw materials for the manufacture of new products . Reuse -- by taking , but not reprocessing , previously used items -- helps save time , money , energy , and resources . In broader economic terms , it can make quality products available to people and organizations with limited means , while generating jobs and business activity that contribute to the economy .   Historically , financial motivation was one of the main drivers of reuse . In the developing world this driver can lead to very high levels of reuse , however rising wages and consequent consumer demand for the convenience of disposable products has made the reuse of low value items such as packaging uneconomic in richer countries , leading to the demise of many reuse programs . Current environmental awareness is gradually changing attitudes and regulations , such as the new packaging regulations , are gradually beginning to reverse the situation .   One example of conventional reuse is the doorstep delivery of milk in refillable bottles ; other examples include the retreading of tires and the use of returnable/reusable plastic boxes , shipping containers , instead of single-use corrugated fiberboard boxes .

( KO-BEH ) refers to beef from the Tajima strain of Wagyu cattle , raised in Japan 's Hyogo Prefecture according to rules as set out by the Kobe Beef Marketing and Distribution Promotion Association . The meat is a delicacy renowned for its flavor , tenderness , and fatty , well-marbled texture . Kobe beef can be prepared as steak , sukiyaki , shabu shabu , sashimi , and teppanyaki . Kobe beef is generally considered one of the three top brands ( known as Sandai Wagyuu , `` the three big beefs '' ) , along with Matsusaka beef and Ōmi beef or Yonezawa beef .   Kobe beef is also called , or in Japanese .

Lamb meal is a popular ingredient in dog food . It is the dry rendered part from mammal tissues , specially prepared for feeding purposes by tanking under live steam or dry rendering . Though the meat has been cooked , dried , and ground , it is still meat , and has not had any blood , hair , hoof , horn , hide trimmings , manure , stomach or rumen contents added to it .

Land clearing in Australia describes the removal of native vegetation and deforestation in Australia . Land clearing involves the removal of native vegetation and habitats , including the bulldozing of native bushlands , forests , savannah , woodlands and native grasslands and the draining of natural wetlands for replacement with agriculture , urban and other land uses .   Of the vegetation which existed in Australia at the time of European settlement , approximately 87 % remains .